33 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f9f3a183a4911d2636a7dd6bc1d51674.pdf 86705c3d5fb3192598d26f6609b40354 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1986-04 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, April 1986 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-04 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, April 12-13, 1986, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3926b6c356ce4ce371eda0a06c5e8acc.pdf 05133697c276132ed468593164d18fdf PDF Text Text 15th ANNUAL hf ANN ARBOR POW WOW HONORING OUR FUTURE LEADERS POW WOW The Native American Student AHociation and Minority Student Service• are co-aponaoring the 15th Annual Ann Arbor Pow Wow. Thia event haa traditionally hoated the largeat "coming together" of Native American dancer• and aingera in the atate of Michigan. Many Indian artiaana and craftsmen will be displaying and aellin authentic Native American aercbandiae. Come •bare . the experience. Date: Place: Host Drum: Head Dancers : Head Veteran : Conteat1: Adahaion: OTHER ACTIVITIES ~ Sat .• • April 4, Grand En.try 1:00 ·•nd 7:00pm Sun •• A11ril 5, Grand Entry _1: 00 pm Coliaeua1, corner of Hill Street and Fifth Ave. All Nation SinRers, H.C., Ben Beerskin Jr. Jerry Cleveland Jr. a·nd Kathy John · Jiin Kline Drum Contest, .4 places totalling $1,000.00 Dance Contest• in all categories totalling $3,250.00 Adults $5.00/day Children $2.00/day; Weekend Pass $8.00 Groups, Students, and Family Discounts available. Allerican Indian Lav Day·: Fri., April 3rd Topic: "Indian E·d ucation: The Reagan Years" Speakers: Bea Medic :lne, Ph. D. Professor of Anthropology Director, Native Centre, University of Calgary Robert Thomas, Ph. D. Professor of Indian Studies Former Director, Native Studies Program, University of Arizona Paul Johnson, M. Ed., M.S.W. Professional Development Human Rignts Consultant for the Michigan Education Association Richard Nichols, M. Ed., Vice President ORBIS Associates, Title IV Indian Education Resource & Evaluation Center One Alan Lovesee, Counsel to the House Committee on Education and Labor, responsible for Legislation on Native Americans College Day: (Campus tour & lunch for Jr. High & High School Students) Sat .• April 4th Native Allerican Medical Careers Conference: Daystar : Fri., April 9th "An American Indian Woman Dances," Thur . , April 9th PUBLIC WELCOME Contact Person: Hike Dashner Minority Student Services 2204 Michigan Union 763-9044 OR Holly Powle88 Native American Student Assoc. 4203 Michigan Union 763-3996 Sponsot:ed By: Native Ainer6.c11n Student· AHoc. Hinorf ty St.u.dent Services Vice Preaident of Student Service, �Parking Notice Events Pow WowLaw Day- .Saturday Night ·Reception Pool TournamentTo M-14 US-23 ;;; Coliseum Building Michigan Union Second Floor ., ~ I ..,J r.: · ::J ' C: .,> ~- . ... < ,:; 0 Motels Pow Wow ·o • . IJ.. v-----·---.... Lodging Area Overview t1-~ .~ I ::, 0 Whenever possible use the designated Hutchins Hall parking facility or meter. Don't park . Law Quad -- R.oom to be Announced in a Tow-Away Zone. Poli,ce will . ticket or tow! Michigan Union Kuenzel Room l II >, ]"' ... "' c:: ...::l Hill I~ p.. (lJ 4J "' 0 4J ti) :,:: I Stadium 00 I --~ ill I OIO 1- It,_ <i>.i-1 ;,(!) Willard ,J II ' 11 ?,;,"',.,'-<a '-&, Forest Ct. l-(!) ?<,(!) ~ ,(>> ' \'<,s, 1 i ! I ' " - -· ·--- IiI ' ... _ 'I Ii !l j • C: 3: ~ ID '' •·i 11tend.erson House 111 Iii • I Ir ·---·- ·1 L .,_,,1,m;,,J 1 • To I-94 '·,o<": . I , I II I it � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1987-04 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, April 1987 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-04 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, April 4-5, 1987, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/01cefd8e7f347075e3046995a58051c5.pdf 37d68bb365722fe1d6f07b81999f8179 PDF Text Text 13th Annual Ann Arbor Indian Pow ·wOW (A.K.A. Jose Marcus Retirement Pow Wow) June 1 & 2, 1985 3 GRAND ENTRIES; Saturday Sunday 2 pm and 7:30 pm 2 pm, DANCE COMPETITION RULES: Contestants must register by 2 pm Saturday. Point syste~ will be usecf';" with participation required in all gran~ entries and inter-tribals. CONTEST PRIZES: For adult catagories: 1st place $300, 2nd place $200, 3rd place $100. Ages 11-16: lst-$50. Znd-$25, 3rd-$15 Ages lst-$20, 2nd-$10, 3rd- $5 6-10: TRADER FEES: Food stands $SO for weekend. (for 2 days) Arts and Crafts tables--$25 per table Tables and chairs will be provided, as well as Saturday evening meal at 5:30 µn for all registered dancers and traders. Doors open-10 am. for set-up, and at noon for the general public. DONATION: Adults $4.00 ner day Children (under 12) $2, 00 per day (313) 764-5418 or 763-9044 Advance tickets at Mich Union boxoffice and all Ticket World outlets, FOR ~RE INFORMATION: . °""' Ip ' 1.> ! \- .. 1 ... Veterans Indoor Ice Arena 215.0. Jackson Road, Ann Arbor (1 block east of Maple Road) Take the Jackson Road exit off of I-94, west of Ann Arbor No camping will be permitted as it is a city park. However, there is a pool. Rate for pool: Adults $1.25, kids $.75. ,,,:. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1985-06 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, June 1985 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-06 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, June 1-2, 1985, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a887b2f9c5c3fe493473ff104a116769.pdf c128bc191e4840fef7c939b75bd6ea65 PDF Text Text ANN ARBOR POWWOW "Native American Awareness" MARCH 10-13, 1988 The Native American Student Association and Minority Student Services are co-sponsoring the 16th Annual Ann Arbor Pow Wow, March 12-13, 1988. This event has consistently hosted one of the largest celebrations of Native American dancers and singers sponsored by a state university in the Great Lakee region. Many Indian artisans and craftsmen from as far away as New York, Florida, Oklahoma, Arizo1,a, South Dakota and Canada will be displaying and selling authentic Native American made merchandise. This year's activities will include demonstrations like: Jewelry making, basket weaving, sand painting, lacrosse, Indian legends and storytelling. Come join us and share the experience. SCHEDULE OF EVENTS ANN ARBOR POW WOW: Contest all categories. Last year's prize money over $7,200. Special categories: Men and Women Traditional 50 and over, Grass Dance. SAT March 12 1-4:30 pm and 6:30-10:00 pm SUN March 13 1-6:00 pm Place: U-M Sports Coliseum, corner of Fifth Ave. and Hill St. Head Veteran: Jim Klein Head Dancers: Amy DeLong and Jorden Williams Host Drum: All Nation Singers MC: Ben Bearskin Jr., Co-MC: Ben Bearskin Sr. Guest Groups Non Competition: Yellow Thunder Drum, Yellow Thunder, South Dakota, Oneida Women Singing Society, Oneida, NY Contact: Mike Dashner (313)763-9044 Admission: Adults $6.00/day, Seniors and Children $3.00/day; Weekend Pass $10.00; groups, students and family discounts. CONCERT: Joanne Shenando1h (free w!th Pow Wow admission) SAT March 12 10:00 pm immediately after the Pow Wow AMERICAN INDIAN LAW DAY: Topic: Indian Education (free, open to public) FRI March 11 1-5:00 pm Speakers: William Demmert, Commissioner of Education, Alaska Earl Barlow, Education Director, BIA, Minneapolis SAT March 12 9:30-11:00 Brunch Keynote: Tom Porter Place: Holiday Inn West, 2900 Jackson Road, Ann Arbor, MI Contact: Mike Dashner (313)763-9044 or Jeff Crawford (313)996-3628 NATIVE AMERICAN CRITICAL ISSUES CONFERENCE, MEA (Conference fee) THUR March 10, Registration; dinner, Keynote: Dr. William Demmert FRI March 11, Conference sessions, Concert: Joanne Shenandoah SAT March 12, Closing brunch, Keynote: Tom Porter Contact: Paul Johnson (800)292-1934 or (517)332-6551 Place: Holiday Inn West, 1900 Jackson Road, Ann Arbor, MI Excellence and Tradition COLLEGE DAY: U-M, MEA (Student Program, Grades 7-11) FRI March 11, 8:30-11:45 am Workshops on preparing for college FRI March 11, 1-6:30 pm University of Michigan Campus Tour Place: Holiday Inn West, 2900 Jackson Road, Ann Arbor Contact: John Concannon (313)429-1737 or Ed Whitepigeon (313)764-7433 �--0 VARSITY HOUSE 3250 Washtenaw An Arb---------------- 971 • 1100 ::: ~ 0 ~ COMFORT INN t"-4 [Miffi,Sill --- BUDGET RA TES • SWIMMING POOL • IN-ROOM MO'IIES • 125 TASTEFULLY DECORATED ROOMS • WEEKLY ANO rAONTHL Y RATES • MEETING & BANQUET FACILITIES en ~ H t-3 :::c: "FOR RESERVATIONS CALL'' COMFORT INN We Offer Senior Savings 2800 Jackson Rd-At 1-94 Exit 172 An Arb---············-·······-············ 769·0700 LAMP POST MOTEL 2424 E Stadium Bl An Arb········-····· 971-8000 MARRIOTI HOTELS 3600 Plymouth Rd An Arb······----------·-----------··-·--······ 769·9800 MAYFLOWER MOTEL 5610 Carpenter Rd Vps ···-·······-·················--···-········· 434·2200 (See Advertisement Page 485) ~ OTELMANOR AIR CONDITIONING COLOR TV • AM & FM RADIO oliday Inn C~ITICAL ISSUES CONFERENCE, AMERICAN INDIAN LAW DAY COLLEGE DAY: U-M,_!'fE~ CONCERT: Joanne Shenandoah FRI March 11 . 2805 E Mich Yps Twp···········-··· 482-2204 ~ ED ARROW MOTEL DAILY OR WEEKLY RATES 5577 Plymouth Rd Ann Arbor······ 662-9944 2 Miles East 01 US 23 On Plymouth Ad REO ROOF INN 3621 Plymouth Rd An Arb ··---·--···-····-·-·----------·-····-··· 996· 5800 ~ BEST WESTERN WOLVERINE INN I Slate Street At 1·94 3505 S State Rd An Arb······-·········· 665-3500 (See Advertisement Page 485) CAMPUS INN Localed On Business 94 615 E Huron An Arb····················· SCIO ~UICH I BE!~ 769-2200 ~~:~~-~~~.:~.~-~~--~.~~~!.:'. ...... 769-3010 BERKSHIRE HILTON OF ANN ARBOR 610 Hilton Blvd An Arb····-·--··-······· 761-7800 I IIAIU_l KNIGHTS INN 1·94 Al State SI Exit 177 3764 S State An Arb············-·--- 665-9900 LAKE~ ••nTr1 TUE I : COLOR TVJS • WEEKLY RATES AVAILABLE • FREE IN-ROOM MOVIES All,01 lU.SWOl!!I, f'X ANNARBOR MUNICIPAL AIRPORI ..K..) I 7 MILES NORTH OF ANN ARBOR ON HIGHWAY 23-TAKE WHITMORE LAKE EXIT 50 8365 Main Whit Lk···········---··--- 449-4410 HOWARD JOHNSON 2380 Carpenter Rd An Arb····-···-···-· 971-0700 'ij 0 .... ~ I j ~ ~ ~ ~ en � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1988-03 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, March 1988 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-03 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, March 10-13, 1988, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/85170af4a8ec05709abb324eaad751a9.pdf 50ca805186f65192445b86617e6d653a PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1989-03 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, March 1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-03 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, March 18-19, 1989, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/31c9e3c9fd6046b8fc9a86f0d13e6bdc.pdf c2066b29f15ad697d5d6b274c8689d9a PDF Text Text 18th ANNUAL ANN ARBOR POW WOW TOTAL PRIZE MONEY & HONORARIUMS in 1989 was $13,500 CONTEST ALL CATEGORIES: Mens & Womens Fancy & Trad. Jingle Dress, Grass Dance, Mens & Womens Trad. over 45 DATES : Sat.,March 17 Grand Entry 1:00& 7:00pm Sun .,M arch 18 Grand Entry 1:00 pm Open to the Pub 1i c at 12:00 noon COSTS: General Admission, Adults 13&up $6 .00 Child 6- 12 $3 .00, Syrs. & under Free 50% discount for Students, Seniors & Groups PLACE : U-M Sports Coliseum, Free Parking Corner of 5th Ave . & Hill St. INFO: M.Dashner (313)763-9044, TRADERS call K. DeLeary (313) 764-9270 �MOTELS WITH CONFERENCE RATES Mention POW WOW for discount OR Flat rates, up to 4-persons Rooms are limited Make reservations early HOWARD JOHNSON $39.00 Indoor pool and HBO 2380 Carpenter (313) 971-0700 ARBOR LODGE MOTEL 10% Discount 3245 Washtenaw (313) 971-3000 ARBOR LODGE MOTEL 3245 Washtenaw An Arb ··········-····· 971-3000 ANN An ANN An ARBOR INN THE Huron At 4th Ave Arb -································-······ 769-9500 ARBOR MARIOIT 3600 Plymouth Rd Arb·· ················-···············-···- 769·9800 ARBOR VALLEY INN 2800 Jackson Rd An Arb 769-0700 BELL TOWER HOTEL 300 S Thayer An Arb ·········-·········· 769-3010 BERKSHIRE HILTON OF ANN ARBOR 610 Hilton Blvd An Arb ····················· 761·7800 RED ROOF INN 3621 Plymouth Rd-U S 23 & Exit 41 An Arb······················-·········--· 996· 5800 RESERVATIONS NATIONWIDE RED ROOF INN 800· The· Roof Toll Free·Dial "I" & Then ······ 800 843-7663 RESIDENCE INN BY MARRIOTT 800 Victors Way An Arb ················· 996-5666 SHERATON UNIVERSITY INN 3200 Boardwalk An Arb····································· ··· 996·0600 i STAR MOTEL 12 MILES SOUTH OF ANN AR BOR On US 23 AAA Rating SCIO CHUIICM 335 E Lewis Milan···················· 439-2448 SUNSET MOTEL------- ~ . Open Year Around • Modern Pool • Cable Color TV • Air Commercial & Senior Rates .,; ""... 1028 S US 23 Tawas City····'······ 362-4455 VARSITY HOUSE wuns 3250 Washtenaw An Arb················ 971-1100 (See Advertisement Page 495) IISIN-£1 .41All EBER'S INN AAAA FOUR DIAMOND AWARD POOL SIDE SUITES • WEBER·s RESTAURANT 3050 Jackson Rd An Arb············ 769-2500 ~ 1.94 AT EXIT 172 AIIN>lf Y.OUR MOTEL ElLIWOUlf ANNA RBOR MUNICIPAi AINr(lflf r>(' JC_) CLOSED CIRCUIT COLOR TV'S ACCEPT MAJOR CREDIT CARDS 829 E Mich Yps················-·--··· 483-9300 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1990-03 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, March 1990 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-04 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, March 17-18, 1990, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6b412d45ec9000ef4f0fc2c938448d9a.pdf 5513f562ae426c60629b292aab2c3b4a PDF Text Text A n n A r o r Sat. March 30 1 :00 & 6:30 Sun. March 31 1 :00 p.m EASTER WEEKEND •New Location! Crisler Arena: corner of Stadium Blvd.& Main St. -13,600 Seating Capacity • 1990 Pow Wow Prize Money & Gifts totaled more than $18,000 • Hotel discounts available - Howard Johnson, Days Inn and Ramada Inn • Drum Space Limited - Call Early • Adult Contest Cat. - Traditional, Fancy, Jingle, Grass, and Seniors Traditional 45+ •Open Registration All Weekend • Point System - Open Book Judging •No smoking in the building enforced •Traders by Invitation Only Sponsored by the University of Michigan FOR MORE INFO, CALL MIKE DASHNER 313-7 63-9044 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1991-03 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, March 1991 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-03 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, March 30-31, 1991, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/001aa6258e8e9a2a9943e6562682a249.jpg 3d300495c22c3f60de2db4785bc9061f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Regional Historical Collection. PS3515 .A782 A5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0063 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Tales Description An account of the resource Binding of Ann Arbor Tales, by Karl Edwin Harriman, published by G.W. Jacobs, 1902. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a496bb57430929d066ee7d8464b907f7.pdf e7e00712a3eca1eacc56c0da121b2bba PDF Text Text ZONING ORDINANCE ANN ARBOR CHARTER TOWNSHIP REVISED SEPTEMBER - 1994 ~ ~ 71.===============' �PREFACE This is a compilation of the zoning ordinance of the Charter Township of Ann Arbor, which includes the currently operative Zoning Ordinance of December 13, 1976 as revised March 14, 1983 and September 17 1990, compiled with all amendments through and including the ordinance adopted September 15, 1994. The compile general ordinances are printed in a separate volume. The chronological listing of all zoning amendments includes their location within the compilation and provides a valuable record of changes to the original Zoning Ordinance. Section headings in boldface type have been provided, if not supplied in the original copy, to facilitate usage. Sections that are subsequently amended are followed by a history note indicating the adoption of the amendment. Cross reference notations are included to provide quick referral to other ordinances and/or sections dealing with similar subjects; any references not preceded by the Zoning Ordinance part number 130 will be found in the separate volume of compiled general ordinances. The exact wording of the ordinance has been preserved. Since ordinances are legal documents, editorial changes in a compilation are minor, limited primarily to correction of obvious typographical errors and resolving, upon specific instructions from the municipality, any duplications and inconsistencies brought to their attention during the preparation of the proof copy of the compilation. Any additions to text by the editor appear in brackets. Numbering System The Zoning Ordinance has been assigned part number 130, the last of the part numbers assigned to the ordinances of the Township. The part number is used to identify the ordinance primarily for indexing and cross reference purposes. Each succeeding article and/or section deriving from the ordinance will have the same number on the left-hand side of the decimal point. The number to the right of the decimal will correspond exactly to the section numbers of - the ordinance. For example, section number 130.312 refers to section 3.12 of the Zoning Ordinance. Index The alphabetical index permits easy location of topics. Main entries are all in uppercase letters. Cross references and additional entries are provided where necessary to direct the user to a particular topic. In preparing the index the proper balance has been achieved between creating an index comprehensive enough to be useful and yet not so detailed that it requires extensive revision each time the Zoning Ordinance is amended. 111 �Looseleaf Supplements Since the ordinance compilation, unlike a bound book, is constantly in a state or evolution, a special feature of this compilation is the looseleaf system of binding. With this system, the compilation can easily be kept up-to-date by submitting copies of amendments to the Zoning Ordinance as they are enacted. These will then be incorporated by the editor into the compilation, and the appropriate pages will be revised or created for distribution to the holders of copies, with specific instruction for the manner of removing obsolete pages and inserting the current ones. Through regular supplementation, the compilation will continue to remain current and useful. lV �TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface 111 List of Zoning Ordinance Amendments X Art. I. Title and Intent of Ordinance Sec. 1.01 Title Sec. 1.02 Intent 1 1 1 Art. II. Definitions Sec. 2.01 Interpretation Sec. 2.02 Definitions 2 2 2 Art. III. General Provisions Sec. 3.01 Establishment of Districts Sec. 3.02 Official Zoning Map Sec. 3.03 Nwnber of Residences on a Lot Sec. 3.04 Temporary Structures Sec. 3.05 Completion of Construction Sec. 3.06 Conditional Uses Sec. 3.07 Essential Services Sec. 3.08 Visibility at Intersections Sec. 3.09 Home Occupation Sec.·3 .10 Transient and Amusement Enterprises Sec. 3.11 Access to Streets Sec. 3.12 Zoning Board Sec. 3.13 Sanitary Sewer and Water Facilities Sec. 3.14 Storage Buildings in Residential Districts Sec. 3 .15 Mo bile Homes Sec. 3.16 Size of Single-Family Detached Dwelling Units 19 19 20 Arts. IV--IX Reserved for future use 30 V 22 23 24 25 25 25 25 26 27 27 27 28 28 30 �TABLE OF CONTENTS, Contd Page Art. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. X. Schedule of District Regulations 10.01 General Provisions 10.02 Statements oflntent for Use Districts 10.03 Schedule of Use Regulations 10.04 Schedule of Area, Placement and Height Regulations 10.05 Research and Research Applications District (RRA) 10.06 Office Park District (OP) 31 31 34 42 61 73 93 Art. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. XI. Supplementary District Regulations 11.01 Intent 11.02 Public Sanitary Sewage Treatment and Disposal System 11.03 Storage of Materials 11.04 Parking and Storage of Vehicles 11.05 Preservation of Environmental Quality 11.06 Transition Strip 11.07 Automobile Service and Repair Stations 11.08 Junkyards 11.09 Drive-in Theaters 11.10 Commercial Kennels 11.11 Storage of Recreational Equipment 11.12 Quarries 11.13 Residential Cluster Development 11.14 Mobile Home Parks 11.15 PUD Regulations 11.16 Performance Standards 11.17 Setbacks on Arterial Roads 11.18 Sanitary Landfill 11.19 Underground Wiring 11.20 Distance Between Grouped Buildings 11.21 Group Foster Care Homes 11.22 Fence Regulations 11.23 Site Condominium Review 11.24 Bed & Breakfast Operations 11.25 Child Care Facilities 100 100 100 100 101 101 102 103 104 106 106 107 107 111 111 117 140 142 143 146 146 147 148 152 156 159 VI �TABLE OF CONTENTS, Cont d Page Art. XII. Off-Street Parking and Loading Regulations Sec. 12.01 General Provisions for Off-street Parking Sec. 12.02 Specifications for Parking Areas Sec. 12.03 Rules for Calculating Required Number of Parking Spaces Sec. 12.04 Schedule of Off-street Parking Requirements Sec. 12.05 General Provisions for Off-Street Loading Facilities Sec. 12.06 Specifications for Loading Facilities Sec. 12.07 Schedule of Off-Street Loading Requirements Art. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. XIII. Sign Regulations 13.01 Purpose 13 .02 General Sign Regulations 13.03 Signs Permitted in All Zoning Districts 13 .04 Signs Permitted in Recreation-Conservation and Agricultural Districts 13 .05 Signs Permitted in Residential Districts 13.06 Signs Permitted in Business and Industrial Districts 13. 07 Outdoor Advertising Signs 13.08 Signs for Automobile Service Stations 13.09 Exemptions 13.10 Prohibited Signs 13.11 Permit and Fees 13.12 Illumination 13 .13 Computation of Surface Area 13.14 Removal 13.15 Nonconforming Signs 13 .16 Responsibilities for Signs 13 .17 Registry 160 161 164 165 170 170 171 172 173 173 174 174 175 177 177 177 178 179 180 181 181 182 182 183 Arts. XIV--XIX. Reserved for future use 183 Art. XX. Administration and enforcement Sec. 20.01 Zoning Inspector Sec. 20.02 Duties and Powers of Zoning Inspector Sec. 20.03 Certificates of Zoning Compliance Sec. 20.04 Building Permits Sec. 20.05 Certificates of Occupancy Sec. 20.06 Inspection Sec. 20.07 Records Sec. 20.08 Fees 184 184 185 187 187 189 189 189 Vil �TABLE OF CONTENTS, Cont'd Page Art. XX. Administration and enforcement, Cont.d Sec. 20.09 Compliance With Plans Sec. 20.10 Violations and Penalties 189 190 Art. XXI. Conditional Uses Sec. 21.01 General Provisions Sec. 21 .02 Authority to Grant Permits Sec. 21.03 Application and Fee Sec. 21.04 Information Required Sec. 21.05 Public Hearing Sec. 21.06 Planning Commission Action Sec. 21.07 Township Board Action Sec. 21 .08 Required Standards and findings Sec. 21 .09 Condtions of Approval Sec. 21 .10 Re-application 192 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 Art. XXII. Site Plan Review Sec. 22.01 Authority for Site Plan Review Sec. 22.02 Development and Uses Requiring Site Plan Review Sec. 22.03 Preliminary Site Plan Sec. 22.04 Final Site Plan Sec. 22.05 Combining Preliminary and Final Site Plans Sec. 22.06 Amendment of Approved Site Plan Sec. 22.07 Modification of Plan During Construction Sec. 22.08 Phasing of Development Sec. 22.09 Inspection Sec. 22.10 Performance Guarantees Sec. 22.11 Fees Sec. 22.12 As-built Drawings Sec. 22.13 Violations 197 197 198 202 207 207 208 208 208 209 209 210 210 Art. XXIII. Nonconformities Sec. 23 .01 Intent Sec. 23.02 Nonconforming Lots of Record Sec. 23.03 Nonconforming Uses of Parcels and Lots Sec. 23.04 Nonconforming Structures Sec. 23 .05 Nonconforming Uses of Structures Sec. 23 .06 Repairs and Maintenance Sec. 23.07 Change of Tenancy or Ownership 211 211 212 212 213 214 214 viii �TABLE OF CONTENTS, Cont d Page Art. XXIII. Nonconformities Sec. 23.08 Expansion and Substitution Sec. 23.09 Nonconforming Extraction Operations 214 216 Art. XXIV. Zoning Board of Appeals Sec. 24.01 Board Established Sec. 24.02 Membership and Terms Sec. 24.03 General Procedures of the Board of Appeals Sec. 24.04 Powers and Duties of the Board of Appeals Sec. 24.05 Fees Sec. 24.06 Hearings Sec. 24.07 Expansion and Substitution of Nonconformities Sec. 24.08 Administrative Review Sec. 24.09 Duties on Matters of Appeal Sec. 24.10 Procedures Sec. 24.11 Variances Sec. 24.12 Voiding of Variance Sec. 24.13 Reapplication for Variance Sec. 24.14 Site Plan Requirements Sec. 24.15 Appeals to Courts Sec. 24.16 Conditions of Approval 218 218 218 219 220 220 220 220 221 221 222 223 224 224 224 224 Art. XXV. Amendments Sec. 25.01 Initiating Amendments Sec. 25.02 Fees Sec. 25.03 Amendment Procedure Sec. 25.04 Information Required Sec. 25.05 Findings of Fact Required Sec. 25.06 Publication 225 225 225 226 227 228 Art. XXVI. Legal Status Provisions Sec. 26.01 Severability Sec. 26.02 Repeal of Existing Zoning Ordinance Sec. 26.03 Effective Date 229 229 229 Index 230 ix �LIST OF ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENTS Ord. No. or Date 3-14-83 2-3-84 4-14-86 Subject Location Zoning Ordinance Zoning Amendment: Office Park district Zoning Amendment: Increase ZBA members from 3 to 5; access to streets; mobile home and mobile home parks. 130.000 130.1006 88-2 1-89 8-89 Zoning Amendment: Office Park district Zoning Amendment: Fence regulations Zoning Amendment: Site Condominiums 9-17-90 Miscellaneous Amendments to Compiled Zoning Ordinance X 130.202, 130.311, 130.1003C, 130.1004C, 130.1114, 130.2010, 130.2402 130.1006 130.1122 130.202, 130.1123, 130.2202 130.202. 130.311, 130.315, 130.1001, 130.1002, 130.1003A, 130.1003B, 130.1004B, 130.1004C, 130.1006, 130.1113, 130.1115, 130.2203, 130.2204, 130.2308, �LIST OF ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENTS Ord. No. or Date 9-17-90 5-20-93 5-17-93 7-93 9-15-94 Location Subject Miscellaneous Amendments to Compiled Zoning Ordinance 130.2309, 130.2411, 130.2506 Zoning Amendment: Conditional Use; Township Board authority to grant 130.306 Zoning Amendment: Schedule of Use Regulations: Church as a conditional use in R-3 , R-4, and R-5 130.1003C Zoning Amendment: Amendment procedure Clerk to set public hearings 130.2503 Miscellaneous Amendments to Compiled Zoning Ordinance 130.202, 130.301, 130.313, 130.1001B, 130.1002, 130.1005A, 130.1006A, 130.1003A(2), 130.1003A(3), 130.1003B, 130.1003C(9) 130.1003D(3) 130.1003D(4) 130.1003D(5) 130.1003E(l) 130.1003E(3) Xl �LIST OF ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENTS Ord. No. or Date 9-15-94 Location Subject Miscellaneous Amendments to Compiled Zoning Ordinance XU 130.1003E(4), 130.1004A(l), 130.1004A(2), 130.1004A(3), 130.10048(4), 130.1004C(8), 130.1004D(3), 130.1004D(5), 130.1004E(l), 130.1004E(4), 130.1007, 130.1113, 130.1114, 130.11158(3), 130.l 1158(4)e, 130.l 115D(3)d, 130.1117, 130.202, 130.2404, 130.1003D(l), 130.1003D(2), 130.1004D(2), 130.1003A(2), 130.1003A(l), 130.1003A(2), 130.1003A(3), 130.1003C(l)thru (7), 130.10038(1)thru (3), 130.1003E(2), 130.1008L(3), 130.1001D(2), 130.1001D(3), 130.1103A, �LIST OF ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENTS Ord. No. or Date 9-15-94 Subject Location Miscellaneous Amendments to Compiled Zoning Ordinance 130.1121B, 130. l 202B(l ), 130.1202B(3), 130.1306A, 130.1306B, 9-15-94 Bed & Breakfast Operations Xlll 130.202, 130.1124, 130.1003A(l ), 130.1003A(2), 130. 1003A(3), 130.1003B(l), 130.1003B(2), 130.1003B(3), �ARTICLE I 130.100 TITLE AND INTENT OF ORDINANCE 130.101 Title. Sec. 1.01. This Ordinance shall be known as the Ann Arbor Township Zoning Ordinance and will be referred to herein as "this Ordinance". 130.102 Intenl Sec. 1.02. The intent of this Ordinance is to divide the unincorporated areas of Ann Arbor Township into appropriate zoning districts and otherwise to insure a wjse and economical use of land, preserve property values, conserve natural resources, limit overcrowding in the use of land, limit congestion of population and transportation systems, limit over-use of public facilities, provide reasonable restrictions and regulations for land uses to the end that this Ordinance will promote the health, safety and general welfare of the residents of the Township. 1 ��ARTICLE II 130.200 DEFINITIONS 130.201 Interpretation. Sec. 2.01. For the purpose of this Ordinance, certain terms or words shall be interpreted as follows: A. The word person includes a firm, association, organization, partnership, trust, corporation or company, as well as an individual. B. The present tense includes the future tense, the singular number includes the plural and the plural number includes the singular. C. The word shall is mandatory, the word may is permissive. The words used or occupied include the words intended, designed, or arranged to be used or occupied. D. The word lot includes the words plot or parcel. E. Any word or term not defined herein shall have the meaning of common or standard use which is reasonable for the context in which used herein. 130.202 Definitions. Sec. 2.02. Accessory Use or Structure. A use or structure on the same lot with, and of a nature customarily incidental and subordinate to, the principal use or structure. Apartment Buildin~. A residential building containing three (3) or more dwelling units located on one lot; also referred to as a multiple-family building. Automobile Repair Station. A business which provides or offers for sale to the motoring public the items, materials and services normally obtainable in an automobile service station. In addition, the repair station provides vehicle rescue service and emergency road service, and may conduct major mechanical, electrical, cooling, exhaust, and power system and similar repairs. Minor body repairs may be made but operations such as bumping, welding, reshaping, resurfacing, sanding, and paint spraying to restore wrecked vehicles to serviceable conditions are prohibited. 2 �130.202 Automobile Service Station. Building and premises where gasoline, oil, grease, batteries, tires, and automobile accessories are dispensed at retail cost and minor maintenance services may be provided. Uses permitted at an automobile service station do not include major mechanical and body work, straightening of body parts, painting, welding, storag~ of automobiles not in operating condition, or other work involving noise, glare, fumes, smoke, or other characteristics to an extent greater than normally found in automobile service stations. An automobile service station is not a repair station or body shop. Basement. The portion of a building which is partly or wholly below grade, but so located that the vertical distance from the average contact grade to the top surface of the basement floor is greater than or equal to the vertical distance above the average contact grade to the basement ceiling. Bed and Breakfast Operations. A use that is subordinate to the principal use of a singlefamily detached dwelling unit, in which transient guests are provided with sleeping rooms and limited to breakfast meals on a short term basis, in return for payments. Billboard. See definition of Sign, Outdoor Advertising, herein. Boardin~ House. See definition of Rooming House, herein. Buildin~. An enclosed structure having a roof supported by columns, walls, arches, or other devices and used for the housing, shelter, or enclosure of persons, animals, or chattels. Buildin~ Hei2ht. The vertical distance measured from the finished floor of the first story to the highest point of the roof for a flat roof, to the deck line of a mansard roof, or to the midpoint elevation between eaves and ridge for a gable, hip, or gambrel roof of a building. The first story shall be considered the lowest story of which the ceiling is four (4) feet or more above the average contact grade level at any exterior wall of the building. Buildin~ Line. The minimum distance which any structure must be located from a property line, an easement line of an approved private street, a street right-of-way line, or a high water line. Building line is also defined as the rear or interior line of any required yard. 3 �130.202 Child Care Center. A facility, other than a private residence, receiving more than 6 preschool or school age children for group care for periods ofless than 24 hours a day, and where the parents or guardians are not immediately available to the child. The facility is generally described as a child care center, day nursery, nursery school, cooperative preschool, play group, or drop-in center. Child care center does not include a Sunday school conducted by a religious institution or a facility operated by a religious organization where children are cared for during short periods of time while persons responsible for the children are attending religious services. Clinic. An establishment where human patients are examined and treated by a group of physicians, dentists, or similar professions. A clinic shall not include overnight boarding facilities . .c.lJili.. Buildings or facilities owned and operated by a corporation, association or persons for social or recreational purposes for members and guests, but not operated primarily for profit or to render a service customarily carried on as business. Conditional Use. See Use, Conditional. Condominium. Ownership of dwelling units and the space enclosed by the description thereof as contained in the master deed in a multiple-unit structure, together with ownership of an interest in common elements. Condominium Act. Act 59, Public Acts of 1978, as amended. Condominium Documents. The master deed, recorded pursuant to the Condominium Act, and any other instrument referred to in the master deed or bylaws which affects the rights and obligations of a co-owner in the condominium. Condominium Lot. The land in a condominium unit, together with the land in the adjacent and appurtenant limited common element, if there is such a limited common element. Condominium Subdivision Plan. The drawings and information prepared in accordance with Section 66 of the Condominium Act. Condominium Unit. The portion of a condominium project designed and intended for separate ownership and use, as described in the master deed. 4 �130.202 Consolidatin2 Master Deed. The final amended master deed for a contractible or expandable condominiwn project, or a condominium project containing convertible land or convertible space, which final amended master deed fully describes the condominium project as completed. Contractible Condominium. A condominiwn project from which any portion of the submitted land or buildings may be withdrawn in accordance with this ordinance and the Condominiwn Act. Convalescent (Nursin2) Home. A structure with sleeping rooms, where persons are housed or lodged and are furnished with meals and nursing and medical care, and which structure and operation complies with the State of Michigan regulations. Conversion Condominium. A condominiwn project containing condorniniwn units some or all of which were occupied before the filing of a notice of taking reservations under Section 71 of the Condominiwn Act. ..__ Day Care Home. A private home in which more than 6 but not more than 12 children are given care and supervision for periods of time less than 24 hours a day unattended by a parent or legal guardian, except children related to an adult member of the family by blood, marriage, or adoption . Drive-in. A business establishment so developed that its sales or service character is primarily dependent on providing driveway approach or parking spaces for motor vehicles so arranged as to serve patrons while in the motor vehicles as well as within the building or structure. Dwellin2, Mobile Home. A structure, transportable in one or more sections, that is built on a chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without permanent foundation, when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plwnbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained in the structure. Mobile home does not include a recreational vehicle. Dwellin2, Multiple-Family. A dwelling located in an apartment building. Dwellin2, Senior Citizen, A dwelling designed for and limited to occupancy by persons aged 60 years old or older or other age limits as used by the Michigan State Housing Development Authority. 5 �130.202 Dwellin". Sin~le-Family Attached. Three or more adjoining dwelling units, each of which is separated from an adjoining unit by a party wall, and is separated from any other building or structure by open space on the remaining sides. Dwellin", Sin~le-Family Detached. A detached residential building, other than a mobile hoine, designed for and containing one (1) dwelling unit only. Dwellin", Townhouse, A dwelling unit located within a townhouse building, with each dwelling unit having separate front and rear or front and side entrances from the outside, and with each unit having individual front and rear yards located and designed as an integral part of each dwelling unit. Each dwelling unit shall be separated from the adjoining dwelling unit by a party wall, the length of which shall be at least twenty percent (20%) of the length of the common wall joining the two (2) dwelling units. Dwellin~. Two-Family, A detached residential building containing two (2) dwelling units, designed for occupancy by not more than two (2) families. The dwelling units may be arranged one above the other or side by side, provided that, if side by side, the length of the party wall shall constitute at least twenty percent (20%) of the length of the common wall joining the two (2) dwelling units. Dwellin~ Unit. One room or rooms connected together, constituting a separate, independent housekeeping unit for owner occupancy or rental or lease, and physically separated from any other rooms or dwelling units which might be located within the same structure. A dwelling unit shall contain independent kitchen, bathroom, sleeping, and living facilities, and shall be designed for and occupied by one (1) family only. Essential Services. The erection, construction, operation, or maintenance by municipalities, departments, commissions, or boards, or by other governmental agencies, of the underground portions of water distribution systems and sewage disposal systems, dams, weirs, culverts, bridges, canals, locks, main drains, pipes, conduits, cables, fire alarm boxes, police call boxes, traffic signals, and other similar equipment and acce~sories in connection therewith, but not including buildings. Expandable Condominium. A condominium project to which additional land may be added in accordance with this Ordinance and the Condominium Act. Extraction--Sand and Gravel Pits. See Quarry. Family. One or more persons related by blood or marriage occupying a dwelling unit and living as a single, nonprofit housekeeping unit, or a collective number of individuals living together in one house under one head, whose relationship is of a permanent and 6 �130.202 distinct domestic character, and cooking as a single housekeeping unit. This definition shall not include any society, club, fraternity, sorority, association, lodge, group, coterie, or organization, which is not a recognized religious order, nor include a group of individuals whose association is temporary or resort or seasonal in character or nature. Farm. A parcel or combination of parcels of land operated as a single unit on which bona fide raising of crops, livestock, and poultry is carried on directly by the owner-operator, manager or tenant-farmer, by his own labor or with assistance of members of his household or hired employees. Land to be considered as a farm shall include a contiguous unplatted parcel of not less than ten (10) acres in area. Flood Plain. The area adjoining a river, stream, water course, or lake which is inundated by a flood discharge which results from a 100 year flood frequency. The flood plain shall include the stream channel and overbank area (the floodway) and the fringe areas of the floodway . Floor Area. The floor area of a building shall be the sum of the gross horizontal floor areas of the several stories of a building as measured to the exterior face of the exterior walls, plus that area similarly measured of all other floors except basements, that are accessible by a fixed stairway, storage areas, recreation rooms, boiler, and other areas within or contiguous to the structure, and the measurement shall include the floor area of all accessory buildings measured similarly. Floor Area Ratio (FAR). The ratio of the floor area of a building to the area of the lot on which the building is located. The ratio is calculated by dividing the total floor area by the total lot area, both areas being in the same unit of measure, and expressing the quotient as a decimal number. The term is commonly referred to as FAR. Garalie, Private. A fully enclosed structure, accessory to the principal permitted structure, for the storage of motor vehicles. This definition shall not include an automobile service station or any other structure at which vehicle fuel is sold, or in which repair or other services are performed. Gasoline Station, See Automobile Service Station, herein. General Development Plan. A comprehensive land use plan for Ann Arbor Township which, through any combination of text, charts, and maps, sets forth proposals for general locations for the various land uses, streets, parks, schools, public buildings, and utilities, and for the physical development of Ann Arbor Township, adopted by the Ann Arbor Township Planning Commission and duly transmitted to the Township Board and to the County Planning Commission, or any unit or part of such plan separately adopted, and 7 �130.202 any amendments to such plan or any unit or part thereof separately adopted; provided however, that any such plan or any unit or part thereof separately adopted shall have been published. Any reference in this Ordinance to '' adoption" of plans refers to adoption by the Ann Arbor Township Planning Commission in accordance with Act 168, Public Acts of 1969, as amended. The term '' general development plan" includes such commonly used terms as basic plan, master plan, general plan, comprehensive plan, and land use plan. Grade. For the purposes of determining structure height, the following rules shall apply: 1. For buildings adjoining one street only, it is the elevation of the sidewalk, or the crown of the street, if there is no sidewalk, directly opposite the center of the wall which adjoins the street. If the average elevation of the contact grade is lower than the elevation of the street or sidewalk grade, whichever is applicable, the grade shall be the average elevation of the lowest contact grade. 2. For buildings adjoining more than one street, the grade is the elevation as above determined for the street or sidewalk having the lowest elevation. 3. For buildings having no wall adjoining a street, the grade is the average contact grade along the exterior walls of the building. 4. All walls which are approximately parallel to and not more than thirty-five (35) feet from the street line shall be considered as adjoining the street. 5. Where street or sidewalk elevation has not been established, the Building Inspector shall determine such elevation for purposes of this Ordinance. Grade Contact. The elevation of the finished ground surface along and adjacent to the exterior wall of a building. Ground Floor Coverage (GFC). The total ground floor area of the principal and all accessory buildings, divided by the total lot area, both areas being in the same unit of measure, and expressed as a percentage. The term is commonly referred to as GFC. Group Foster Care Home. A residential structure meeting the licensing requirements of Public Act 287 and Section 11.21 of this Ordinance for the habitation of a group of individuals, not under criminal sentence, participating in a recognized community health and/or community-supported program, but not including mental cases declared by competent authority to be unable to relate to community life, contagious, or drug or alcohol addict cases, on a long-term basis, where necessary supervision and guidance are 8 �130.202 provided and lodging and meals are provided by prearrangement for definite periods. Home Occupation, An occupation that is carried on within a dwelling unit by resident members of the family only, and which is clearly incidental and secondary to the principal residential use. The definition of home occupation shall not include clinics, hospitals, barber shops, beauty parlors, tea rooms, tourist homes, animal hospitals, kennels, millinery shops, music studios, antique shops, dance studios, child care centers, repair or storage of vehicles, and similar uses. Hospital. An institution providing health services primarily for in-patients and medical or surgical care of the sick or injured, including as an integral part of the institution such related facilities as laboratories, out-patient departments, training facilities, central service facilities, and staff offices. Hotel. A building or part of a building, with a common entrance or entrances, in which the rooming units are used only for accommodation of transients, in which no provision is made for cooking in any individual room, and in which one or more of the following services are offered: 1. maid service; 2. furnishing of linen; 3. telephone, secretary or desk service; and 4. bell-boy service. A hotel may include a restaurant or cocktail lounge, public banquet halls, ballrooms or meeting rooms, and dwelling unit(s) for management staff. Junkyard. An open lot and any accessory buildings where waste, used, or secondhand materials are bought, sold, exchanged, stored, baled, packed, disassembled, or handled, including, but not limited to, scrap iron and other metals, paper, rags, rubber tires, wood, and bottles, and including automobile graveyards. Kennel. Commerical. Any building and/or land used, designed or arranged for the boarding, breeding or care of dogs, cats, pets, fowl, or other domestic animals for purposes of show, hunting, or as pets, but not including riding stables. Kennel, Private. Any building and/or land used, designed, or arranged for the boarding, breeding, or care of dogs, cats, pets, fowl, or other domestic animals belonging to the owner thereof and kept for purposes of show, hunting, or as pets, but not to include riding stables, provided that no more than three (3) such animals six months old or older are 9 �130.202 kept on the premises <?ither permanently or temporarily. The keeping of such animals shall be strictly incidental to the principal use of the premises and shall not be for the purposes of remuneration or sale. Livestock, The word livestock shall mean horses, cattle, sheep, and swine. Loadin~ Space. An off-street space on the same lot with the principal building or use designed and used for the temporary parking of commercial vehicles for purposes of loading and unloading merchandise or material. Lot. A lot is a parcel of land, excluding any street or other right-of-way with at least sufficient size to meet the minimum requirements for use, coverage, and lot area and to provide such yards and open spaces as herein required. Such lot shall have frontage on a public street or on a private street approved by the Township Board and may consist of: 1. a single lot of record; 2. a portion of a lot of record; 3. any combination of complete and/or portions of lots of record if continuous; 4. a parcel of land described by metes and bounds; provided that in no case of division or combination shall the area of any lot or parcel created, including residuals, be less than that required by this Ordinance. In addition to the land required to meet the regulations herein, the lot shall include all other land shown in a request for a building permit or a certificate of occupancy, occupied by a principal building or use, and any accessory building or use. Lot Area, The area within the described lot lines excluding existing rights-of-way. Lot Depth, The length of that line between the mid-point of a straight line connecting the two foremost points of the side lot lines and the mid-point of a straight line connecting the two rearmost points of the side lot lines. Lot Lines. The lines bordering a lot, as defined herein, shall be as follows: 1. Front lot line: In a case of an interior lot, the front lot line is that line separating the lot from the street. In the case of a corner lot or double frontage lot, it is that line separating that lot from either street. 2. Rear lot line: That line opposite the front lot line. In a case of a lot pointed at the rear, the rear lot line shall be an imaginary line parallel to the front line, not 10 �130.202 less than 10 feet long, farthest from the front lot line and located wholly within the lot. 3. Side lot line: Any lot line other than the front lot line and rear lot line. Lot of Record. A lot which is part of a subdivision shown on a map thereof which has been recorded in the office of the Register of Deeds of Washtenaw County, or a lot described by metes and bounds, the description of which has been recorded in said office. Lot Types. 1. Comer lot: A lot located at the intersection of two or more streets. A lot abutting a curved street shall be considered a comer lot if straight lines drawn from the foremost points of the side lot lines to the foremost point of the lot meet at an interior angle ofless than 135 degrees. 2. Interior lot: A lot other than a comer lot, with only one frontage on a street. 3. Through lot: A lot other than a comer lot with frontage on more than one street. Through lots abutting two streets may be referred to as double-frontage lots. Lot Width. The horizontal straight-line distance between the side lot lines, measured along the front building line. The straight-line distance between the side lot lines at their foremost points, where they intersect the street line, shall not be less than eighty percent (80%) of the required lot width, except in the case of lots fronting onto the turning circle of cul-de-sac streets, in which case the minimum distance shall be twenty (20) feet. Master Deed, The condominium document recording the condominium project to which are attached as exhibits and incorporated by reference the bylaws for the project and the condominium subdivision plan for the project, and all other information required by Section 8 of the Condominium Act. Mobile Home. A structure, transportable in one or more sections, that is built on a chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without permanent foundation, when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained in the structure. Mobile home does not include a recreational vehicle. 11 �130.202 Mobile Home Park. A parcel of land under single ownership on which two or more mobile homes are occupied as dwelling units, and in which sites for the mobile homes are rented. Mobile Home Site, A parcel of ground within a mobile home park designed for accommodating one mobile home dwelling unit and meeting the requirement of this Ordinance for a mobile home site. Mobile Home Subdivision, A legally platted residential subdivision accommodating mobile homes. Motels, See definition of Hotel, herein. Motor Home. A self-propelled, licensed vehicle prefabricated on its own chassis, intended only for recreation activities and temporary occupancy as a part of such activities. Nonconformity, Structure. A structure or part thereof lawfully constructed and existing at the effective date of this Ordinance, or amendments thereto, that does not conform to the Area, Placement, and Height regulations and off-street parking and loading requirements of the district in which it is located. Nonconformity. Use. A structure, lot, or other parcel of land lawfully occupied by a use at the effective date of this Ordinance or amendments thereto and which does not conform to the Use Regulations of the district in which it is located. Notice of Proposed Action. The notice required by Section 71 of the Condominium Act, to be filed with Ann Arbor Township and other agencies. Nursery (Plant Materials), A lot or structure or combination thereof for the growing, storage, wholesale sale, or retail sale of live trees, shrubs, and plants, and including as incidental sales the sale of products used for gardening or landscaping. This definition of nursery does not include a roadside stand or temporary sales facility for Christmas trees. Off-Street Parkin~ Area, A land surface providing vehicular parking spaces, along with adequate drives and aisles for maneuvering and access, for the parking of three (3) or more automobiles or trucks or other vehicles. Parcel, A parcel is a lot as defined in this section. 12 �130.202 Parkin~ Space. An area of definite length and width for the parking of one (I) vehicle only, said area to be exclusive of drives, aisles, or entrances giving access thereto, and fully accessible for the parking of permitted vehicles. Party Wall. A fire wall, located between two (2) dwelling units, without openings, extending from a basement floor or foundation to the highest point of the roof. A party wall may be all or a portion of the wall common to two (2) dwelling units. Pennitted Use. See Use, Permitted, herein. Plannin~ Commission. The Planning Commission of Ann Arbor Township as established under Act 168, Public Acts of 1959, as amended. Planned Unit Development. A zoning district which permits integrated and coordinated development of various types of residential dwellings and certain nonresidential uses, all to be developed according to approved area and site plans as provided in this Ordinance. Public Sanitazy Sewage System. A system of pipes and structures including pipes, channels, conduits, manholes, pumping station, sewage or waste treatment works, diversion and regulatory devices, outfall structures, and appurtenances, collectively or severally actually used or intended for use by the public for the purpose of collecting, conveying, transporting, treating, or otherwise handling sanitary sewage or other industrial liquid wastes of such nature as to be capable of adversely affecting the public health, owned and operated by a municipality. Quruzy. The term quarry shall mean any pit, excavation, or mining operation for the purpose of searching for, or removing, for commercial use, any earth, sand, gravel, clay, stone, or other nonmetallic mineral in excess of fifty (50) cubic yards in any calendar year. The term shall not include an oil well or excavation preparatory to the construction of a building, structure, roadway or pipeline. Recreation Vehicle. A vehicle designed and intended for temporary occupancy during leisure-time/recreation activities, either self-propelled or designed to be carried on the chassis of another vehicle or pulled by a vehicle. Such unit shall not exceed eight (8) feet in width and shall not be designed or intended for full-time residential occupancy. The term recreation vehicle shall include, among others, such commonly-named vehicles as travel trailer, travel camper, pick-up camper, tent camper, and motor home. Ridin~ Stable, Private. Any building or structure used or designed for the boarding, breeding, or care of not more than two (2) horses, other than horses used for farming or other agricultural purposes. 13 �130.202 Ridin2 Stable, Public. Any building or structure used for the boarding, breeding or care of three (3) or more horses, other than horses used for farming or agricultural purposes. A public riding stable may include areas and facilities for training, riding, or driving of horses and for the offering of lessons to teach the riding and driving of horses. ~ See Street, herein. Roadside Stand. A structure operated for the purpose of the retail sale of only produce raised or produced on the farm where situated. Its use shall not make a commercial district nor shall its use be deemed a commercial activity. Such use shall be seasonal in nature, strictly incidental to the principal use, and shall not operate for more than six (6) months out of any calendar year. Rooming House. A building containing three (3) or more rooming units, other than a hotel or motel, where for compensation and by prearrangement for definite periods, lodging or lodging and meals are provided. Rooming Unit. A room or group of rooms forming a single habitable unit, used for living and sleeping, but which does not contain cooking or eating facilities. Sanitar:y Landfill. A method of disposing of refuse on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing principles of engineering to confine the refuse to the smallest practical area, to reduce it to the smallest practical volume, and to cover it with a layer of suitable cover at the conclusion of each day's operation or at more frequent intervals as necessary. Schools, Primary. A facility, either public or private, certified by the State of Michigan, that offers all or part of a kindergarten through sixth grade eduction. Schools, Secondazy. A facility, either public or private, certified by the State of Michigan, that offers all or part of a seventh through twelfth grade education. Screen, A structure providing enclosure and/or visual barrier between the area enclosed and the adjacent property. A screen may also be a non-structure, consisting of shrubs or other growing materials of sufficient height and density as to provide an enclosure and/or a visual barrier. Sign. Any structure or part thereof, or device attached thereto or painted or represented thereon, or any material or thing, illuminated or otherwise, which displays or includes any numeral, letter, word, model, banner, emblem, insignia, device, code mark, or other representation used as, or in the nature of, an announcement, advertisement, direction, or 14 �130.202 designation, of any person, firm, organization, place, commodity, service, business, profession, or industry which is located upon any land or in any building, in such manner as to attract attention from outside the premises. Sign. Direction or Information. A sign identifying a street or designating the location of community or institution of public or quasi-public nature or the opening of an event of public interest, but not including signs pertaining to real estate, and not including any advertising matter. a Sign, Identification, A sign which carries only the name of the firm, the major enterprise, or the principal product or service offered for sale on the premises or a combination of these things only to identify location of said premises and not to advertise, and located only on the premises on which the firm, major enterprise, or principal product or service is situated. Sign. Free Standing. An identification sign supported by a structure independent of any other structure. Identification signs on water towers or other elevated tanks should be considered as free standing signs. Sign. Outdoor Advertising. A sign, including billboards, on which the written or pictorial information is intended to advertise a use located on other premises, and which is intended primarily for advertising purposes, erected by the outdoor advertising industry in the conduct of the outdoor advertising business. Site Condominium, A condominium development containing residential, commercial, office, industrial, or other structures or improvements for uses permitted in the zoning district in which located, in which each co-owner owns exclusive rights to a volume of space within which a structure or structures may be constructed, herein defined as a condominium unit, as described in the master deed. S!orx,_ That portion of a building between the top surface of any floor and the top surface of the floor next above it or, if there be no floor above it, the space between such floor and the ceiling next above it. A basement shall be counted as a story if it is used for business or dwelling purposes. A mezzanine floor shall be counted as a story if it covers more than one-third of the area of the floor next below it or if the vertical distance between the floor next below it and the floor next above it is twenty (20) feet or more. Story. One-Half. An uppermost story lying under a sloping roof having a floor area less than fifty percent (50%) of the floor area directly below it. For the purpose ohhis Ordinance, the usable floor area of a half-story is only that area having at least four (4) feet clear height between the finished floor and ceiling of such story. 15 �130.202 Street. A public or private traffic way which meets the requirements of this Ordinance and which affords the principal means of vehicular access to the abutting property. Street Line. A right-of-way line of a public street or the easement line of a private street approved by the Township Board. In the case of section-line roads, the street line shall be a line thirty-three (33) feet from and parallel to the section line, unless an easement or right-of-way of different width is held by the County Road Commission. Structure. Anything constructed or erected with a fixed location on the ground, or attached to something having a fixed location on the ground. Among other things, structures shall include buildings, mobile homes, walls, fences, billboards, and towers. Structure Hei~ht. See Building Height, herein. Structural Alterations. Any change in the supporting elements of a building or structure such as, but not limited to, bearing walls or partitions, columns, beams, or girders, or an substantial change in the roof. Subdivision Ordinance. The subdivision ordinance of Ann Arbor Township, adopted pursuant to Act 288, Public Acts of 1967, as amended, and Act 168, Public Acts of 1959, as amended, where applicable, Swimmin~ Pool. Commercial. A swimming pool and/or wading pool operated by a nongovernmental unit for profit. Swimmin~ Pool. Community. A swimming pool and/or wading pool, including buildings necessary or incidental thereto, owned and operated by an association of members for the benefit of such association, incorporated or unincorporated, provided that said association is not organized for profit, and provided that the right to use such pools is restricted to these members and their guests. Swimmim~ Pool. Private. A swimming pool and/or wading pool, including structures necessary and incidental thereto, owned and operated by the landowner of the parcel on which situated, for use only by the residents of the parcel on which situated and their guests. Tent Camper. A vehicular, portable structure, built on a non-motorized chassis and designed to be used as a temporary dwelling for travel and recreational purposes, having a body width not exceeding eight (8) feet and whose sides and top can be folded down into a compact trailer unit for traveling. 16 �130.202 Time Limits. Time limits stated in this Ordinance shall mean calendar days, weeks, months, or years, whichever are applicable, unless otherwise specified herein. Tourist Home, See definition of Motel, herein. Townhouse, A residential building containing at least three (3) but not more than eight (8) townhouse dwelling units arranged side by side. Township, The Township of Ann Arbor. Township Board, The Ann Arbor Township Board. Travel Trailer. A vehicular, portable structure, built on a non-motorized chassis and designed to be used as a temporary dwelling for travel and recreational purposes, having a body not exceeding eight (8) feet. Use, Conditional. A use that would be detrimental to other uses permitted in the same zoning district unless carefully controlled as to number, area, size, exterior design, location, or relation to the adjacent properties and to the neighborhood. Such uses may be considered necessary or important to the public health, safety, and welfare of the neighborhood or township as a whole and may be permitted if proper safeguards are taken. Such uses may be permitted in such zoning district as conditional uses if specific provision for such conditional use is made in this Ordinance. Use, Permitted. A use permitted by right in the zoning district where so designated without further action by the property owner or Township. Variance, A variance is a relaxation of regulations of the zoning ordinance with respect to a specific lot, where such variance will not be contrary to the public interest and where, owing to conditions peculiar to the property and not the result of actions of the applicant, a literal enforcement of the ordinance would result in unnecessary hardship or practical difficulty. Yard. A required open space, other than a court, unoccupied and unobstructed by any structure or portion of a structure from the ground upward, except as provided otherwise in this Ordinance. Yard, Comer. Any yard required by this ordinance, other than a front yard, that abuts a street. 17 �130.202 Yard, Front. A yard extending the full width of a lot and situated between a street line and a front building line, parallel to the street line. The depth of the front yard shall be measured at right angles to a straight line joining the foremost points of the side lot lines. In the case of rounded property comers at street intersections, where the radius of the curve is thirty (30) feet or less, the foremost point of the side lot line shall be assumed to be the point at which the side and front lot lines would have met without such rounding. If the radius of such curve exceeds thirty (30) feet, the yard shall be parallel to the street line. The front and rear front yard lines shall be parallel. Yard, Rear. An open yard extending the full width of the lot between the interior side yard lines and situated between the rear lot line and the rear building line and parallel to the rear lot line. In the case of comer and through lots, there shall be no rear yards, but only front and side yards. Yard, Side. A yard situated between the side building line and adjacent side lot line and extending from the rear (interior) line of the required front yard to the rear lot line and parallel to the side lot line. (Amended: Ord. of 4-14-86, 4-14-86; Ord. No. 8-89, 8-21-89; Ord. of9-17-90, 9-17-90 Ord. of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 18 �I GENERAL PROVISIONS ) ) �ARTICLE III 130.300 GENERAL PROVISIONS 130.301 Establishment of districts. Sec. 3.01. Ann Arbor Township is hereby divided into the following zoning districts to be known as, and having the following names and symbols: Rural Districts Recreation--Conservation District (R-C) General Agriculture District (A-1) Agricultural Residential District (A-R) Rural Residential Districts Single-Family Rural Residential District (R-1) Single-Family Rural Residential District (R-lA) Suburban Residential Districts Single-Family Suburban Residential District (R-2) Urban Residential Districts Single-Family Urban Residential District (R-3A) Single-Family Urban Residential District (R-3) Single-Family Urban Residential District (R-4) Two-Family Residential District (R-5) Mobile Home Park Residential District (R-6) Low Density Multiple-Family Residential District (R-7) Moderate Density Multiple-Family Residential District (R-8) Medium Density Multiple-Family Residential District (R-9) Business Districts Convenience Commercial District (C-1) Office District (0) 19 �130.302 Industrial Districts Research and Development District (R-D) Limited Industrial District (1-1) Public Lands Districts Public Lands District (PL) Special Districts Planned Unit Development District (PUD) Research and Research Applications District (RRA) Office Park District (OP) (Amended Ord. of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 130.302 Official Zoning Map. Sec. 3.02. A . Provision for. For the purpose of this Ordinance, the zoning districts as provided herein are bounded and defined as shown on a map entitled '' Official Zoning Map of Ann Arbor Township." The Official Zoning Map, with all explanatory matter thereon, is hereby made a part of this Ordinance. B. Identification of Official Zoning Map. The Official Zoning Map shall be identified by the signature of the Township Supervisor, attested by the Township Clerk, under the following words: "This is to certify that this is the Official Zoning Map referred to in the Ann Arbor Township Zoning Ordinance," together with the effective date of this Ordinance. C. Chan2es to Official Zonin2 Map. If, in accordance with the procedures of this Ordinance and Act 184 of the Public Acts of 1943 as amended, a change is made in the zoning district boundary, such chan$e shall be entered onto the Official Zoning Map by the Township Supervisor within seven (7) days after the ordinance authorizing such change shall have been adopted and published, with an entry on the Official Zoning Map as follows: "On [date] by official action by the Ann Arbor Township Board, the following change(s) was made in the Official Zoning Map: [brief description of change(s)]," which entry shall be signed by the Township Supervisor and attested by the Township Clerk. No change in the Official Zoning Map of any other nature shall be made unless authorized by the Zoning Board of Appeals and then 20 �130.302 entered only by the Township Supervisor. No change of any nature shall be made in the Official Zoning Map or matter shown thereon except in conformance with the procedures set forth herein. Any unauthorized change of whatever kind by any person or persons will be considered a violation of this Ordinance and punishable as provided in Article XX, · herein. Any change in corporate boundaries within the Township shall be recorded within seven (7) days on the Official Zoning Map by the Township Supervisor with his signature and date and attestation by the Township Clerk attached thereto. D. Authority of Official Zonin~ Map. Regardless of the existence of purported copies of the Official Zoning Map, which from time to time may be made or published, the Official Zoning Map shall be the final authority as to the current zoning status of any land, parcel, lot, district, use, building, or structure in the Township. The Official Zoning Map shall be located in the Township offices located in the Township Hall and shall be open to public inspection. E. Replacement of Official Zonin~ Map. In the event that the Official Zoning Map becomes damaged, destroyed, lost, or difficult to interpret because of the nature and the number of changes made thereto, the Township Board may, by ordinance, adopt a new Official Zoning Map which shall supersede the prior zoning map. The new Official Zoning Map may correct drafting or other errors or omissions on the Official Zoning Map, but such corrections shall not have the effect of amending the Zoning Ordinance or the prior Official Zoning Map. The new Official Zoning Map shall be identified by signature of the Township Supervisor, attested by the Township Clerk, and bear the seal of Ann Arbor Township under the following words: "This is to certify that this is the Official Zoning Map referred to in the Zoning Ordinance of Ann Arbor Township, adopted on [date], which replaces and supersedes the Official Zoning Map which was adopted on [date]." Unless the prior Official Zoning Map has been lost or has been totally destroyed, the prior map or any significant parts thereof remaining shall be preserved, together with all available records pertaining to its adoption or amendment. F. Rules for interpretation. Where uncertainty exists as to the boundaries of zoning districts as shown on the Official Zoning Map, the following rules for interpretation shall govern: 1. A boundary indicated as approximately following the centerline of a highway, alley, or easement shall be construed as following such centerline. 2. A boundary indicated as approximately following a recorded lot line or the line bounding a parcel shall be construed as following such line. 21 �130.303 3. A boundary indicated as approximately following a municipal boundary of a city, village, or township shall be construed as following such line. 4. A boundary indicated as following a railroad line shall be construed as being located midway in the right-of-way of the railroad. 5. A boundary indicated as following a shore line shall be construed as following such shore line, and in the event of change in the shore line shall be construed as following the shore line existing at the time the interpretation is made. 6. The boundary indicated as following the centerline of a stream or river, canal, lake, or other body of water shall be construed as following such centerline. 7. A boundary indicated as parallel to, or an extension of, features in paragraphs 1--6, preceding, shall be so construed. 8. A distance not specifically indicated on the Official Zoning Map shall be determined by the scale of the map. 9. Where a physical or cultural feature existing on the ground is at variance with that shown on the Official Zoning Map or in any other circumstances not covered by 1-8, preceding, the Zoning Board of Appeals shall interpret the location of the zoning district boundary. 10. Where a district boundary line divides a lot which is in single ownership at the time of adoption of this Ordinance, the Board of Appeals may permit an extension of the regulations for either portion of the lot to the nearest lot line, but not to exceed 50 feet beyond the district line into the remaining portion of the lot. 130.303 Number of residences on a lot. Sec. 3.03. Not more than one single-family dwelling unit shall be located on a lot, nor shall a single-family dwelling unit be located on the same lot with any other principal building or structure use, except as permitted in a planned unit development, and except as permitted on farms for seasonal agricultural workers. 22 �130.304 Temporary structures. Sec. 3.04. A. Tempormy dwellings. No cabin, garage, cellar, or basement, or any temporary structure, whether of a fixed or movable nature, may be erected, altered, or moved upon or used in whole or in part for any dwelling purpose whatsoever for any time whatsoever except as provided in this Section. If a dwelling is destroyed or is damaged by a natural or manmade event, such as fire, flood, windstorm, or tornado, to an extent that it is uninhabitable for a period of time, a temporary dwelling, including a mobile home, approved by the Building Inspector, may be moved onto the lot, after obtaining a permit therefor from the Building Inspector for use as a temporary dwelling during replacement or repair of the permanent dwelling. The temporary dwelling shall be placed so as to conform to all yard requirements of the zoning district in which it is located, and shall be connected to private water supply and sewage disposal systems approved by the County Health Department or to public water supply and sewage disposal systems. The Building Inspector shall establish a reasonable date for removal of the temporary dwelling, said date not to exceed two years from the date of said destruction or damage. The temporary dwelling shall be removed from the lot within two (2) weeks of other date of occupancy of the replaced or repaired dwelling with the date of occupancy to be as listed on the certificate of occupancy. A performance bond in the amount of One Thousand Dollars ($1000) shall be provided to insure removal of the temporary dwelling. The Building Inspector shall provide a written statement setting forth the conditions of permission granted under this Section to the residents so dislodged and shall retain a copy in his/her files and one copy shall be filed with the Township Clerk. The Building Inspector shall notify the Township Board and Planning Commission in writing of each such permission granted under this Section. B. Temporruy construction structures. Temporary buildings and/or structures may be used as construction facilities provided that a permit is obtained for such use from the Building Inspector. The Building Inspector shall in each case establish a definite time limit on the use of such facilities, limits on the uses to which such facilities may be put, and a date by which such facilities are to be removed from the premises. 23 �130.305 C. Mobile homes. Mobile homes shall not be used as dwellings, except when located in and part of a licensed mobile home park or a mobile home subdivision, or when used as a temporary dwelling as provided in Section 3.04, herein. 130.305 Completion of construction. Sec. 3.05. Nothing in this Ordinance shall require a change in plans, construction, or designated use of any building on which actual construction was lawfully begun prior to the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance. Actual construction is hereby defined to include the placing of construction materials in a permanent position and fastening them in a permanent manner. Where excavation, demolition, or removal of an existing building has been substantially begun preparatory to rebuilding, such excavation or demolition or removal shall be deemed to be actual construction provided that the work shall be carried on diligently. In the case of such excavation, demolition or removal, however, this provision shall expire and be of no effect three hundred and sixty-five (365) days following the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance, unless a permit for the actual construction of a new building has been issued by the Building Inspector. Where a building permit has been issued in accordance with the law within three hundred and sixty-five (365) days of such effective date and diligently pursued to completion, said building or structure may be completed in accordance with the approved plans on the basis of which the building permit was issued, and further, may upon completion, be occupied by the use for which it was originally designed, subject thereafter to the provisions of Article XXIII, herein, "Nonconformities," if applicable. Any basement, cellar, garage, or any incomplete structure without an occupancy permit in use as a dwelling on the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance shall not be used as a dwelling for more than twelve (12) months following said date, unless said structure has been completed in conformance with the regulations of the district in which located. 24 �130.309 130.306 Conditional uses. Sec. 3 .06. Any use lawfully existing at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance and which is permitted as a conditional use in a district under the terms of this Ordinance shall be deemed a conforming use and shall, without further action, application, or review be considered a conforming use. Expansion of such uses or change to another conditional use after the effective date of this Ordinance shall require a conditional use permit as provided in Article XXI herein, "Conditional Uses". 130.307 Essential services. Sec. 3.07. Essential services shall be permitted as authorized and regulated by law and by the ordinance of Ann Arbor Township, it being the intent hereof to exempt such essential services from this Ordinance, except for underground wiring, which shall be provided as required in Section 11.19 of this Ordinance. 130.308 Visibility at intersections. Sec. 3.08. On a corner lot in any zoning district, no fence, wall, hedge, screen, structure, or planting shall be placed in such manner as to materially impede the vision between height of two and one-half (2 1/2) and ten (10) feet above the centerline grades of the intersecting streets in the area bounded by the street right-of-way lines of such corner lots and the line joining points along said street lines fifty (50) feet from their point of intersection as measured along the street right-of-way lines. 130.309 Home occupation. Sec. 3.09. A home occupation may be permitted in a single-family detached dwelling within a zoning district where such dwelling is permitted, subject to the following conditions: A. No person other than the members of the family residing on the premises shall be engaged in such occupation. B. The home occupation use of the dwelling unit shall be clearly incidental and subordinate to its use for residential purposes, and not more than twenty percent (20%) of the floor area of the dwelling unit may be used for the purposes of the home occupation. C. There shall be no change in the outside appearance of the structure or premises, or other visible evidence of conduct of such home occupation, and therefore, there shall be no external or internal alterations not customary in residential areas or structures. 25 �130.310 D. A home occupation shall be conducted within the dwelling unit. E. No article shall be sold or offered for sale on the premises except such as is prepared within the dwelling or is provided as incidental to the service or profession conducted therein. F. Traffic generated by a home occupation shall not be greater in volume than that normally generated by the residence. Parking for the home occupation shall not exceed two (2) spaces. Such spaces shall be provided on the prem~ses, off-street, subject to all regulations in Article XII, herein, "Off-Street Parking and Loading Regulations," and provided the parking spaces shall not be located in the required front yard. G. Exterior storage of material, equipment, or refuse associated with or resulting from a home occupation shall be prohibited. H. No equipment or process shall be used in such home occupation which creates noise, vibration, glare, fumes, odor, or electrical interferences which are nuisances to persons off the lot. Any electrical equipment processes which create visual or audible interference with any radio or television receivers off the premises or which cause fluctuations in line voltages off the premises shall be prohibited. I. Signs not customarily found in residential areas shall be prohibited, provided however, that one non-illuminated name plate not more than two (2) square feet in area, may be attached to the building, which sign shall contain only the name, occupation, and address of the premises. 130.310 Transient and amusement enterprises. Sec. 3 .10. Circuses, carnivals, other transient amusement enterprises, music festivals, and similar temporary gatherings of people may be permitted in any zoning district upon approval by the Township Board. Such enterprises may be permitted only on the finding by the Township Board that the location of such an activity will not adversely affect adjoining properties or adversely affect public health, safety, morals, or general welfare. The Township Board may require posting of a bond or other acceptable security payable to the Township in an amount sufficient to hold the Township free of all liabilities incidental to the operation of such activity, and indemnify any adjoining land owners for any damage resulting from the operation of such activity, and which damages shall be provable before the court having jurisdiction over the premises upon which the damages occurred and payable through such court. Cross reference(s)--Special events ordinance, Pt. 18. 26 �130.311 Access to streets. 130.313 Sec. 3.11. In any zoning district, every use, building, or structure established after the effective date of this ordinance shall be on a lot or parcel that adjoins a public road or a private road that complies with the Ann Arbor Township Private Road Ordinance [Part 110 of this Compilation of Ordinances]. The area of a private road easement shall not be included in the minimum required area of the lot. (Amended: Ord. of 4-14-86, 4-14-86; Ord. of 9-17-90, 9-17-90) 130.312 Zoning Board. Sec. 3.12. All powers, duties, and responsibilities for a zoning board as provided by Act 184 of the Public Acts of 1943, as amended, are hereby transferred to the Township Planning Commission in accordance with Section 11 of Act 168 of the Public Acts of 1959, as amended. 130.313 Sanitary sewer and water facilities. Sec. 3.13. All dwelling units in any Urban Residential District and all principal buildings in a PUD district that are located in an area in which Ann Arbor Township public water or sanitary sewer service is available shall be connected to Ann Arbor Township water and sanitary sewer systems. On-site water supply or sewage disposal systems shall be prohibited in areas in which such public water or sanitary sewer service is available. All principal buildings in a PUD that is located in areas in which public water or sanitary sewer service is not available shall be connected to water supply w~lls approved by the County Health Department, if public water is not available, and to septic tanks and drainfields approved by the County Health Department, if public sanitary sewer is not available. Small, common waste water treatment systems may be permitted in areas of the Township that are not served by the central waste water treatment system, subject to the following requirements: A. The development to be served shall be zoned PUD. B. The system shall be approved by MDNR, the Washtenaw County Health Department, and the Ann Arbor Township Board. C. An adequate outlet for effluent discharge shall be available. D. The system shall be constructed to Township standards and shall be dedicated to the Township upon completion for ownership. 27 �130.315 Privately owned or operated community water supply systems and waste water treatment systems shall be prohibited in any part of Ann Arbor Township. (Amended: Ord. of9-17-90, 9-17-90; Ord. of3-21-94, 3-21-94) 130.314 Storage buildings in residential districts. Sec. 3 .14. Storage buildings in residential districts shall be clearly accessory to the dwelling units they serve. The floor area of a storage building shall be included in the floor area used to calculate ground floor coverage and floor area ratio. Such storage buildings shall be subject to the following regulations: A. In R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, and R-5 districts: Not more than one storage building shall be permitted for each dwelling unit, and the floor area of the storage building shall not exceed two hundred (200) square feet. B. In the R-6 district: Not more than one storage building shall be permitted on a mobile home site, and the floor area shall not exceed one hundred fifty (150) square feet. C. In the R-7, R-8, and R-9 districts: Not more than one storage building shall be permitted for each single-family attached dwelling unit, said floor area not to exceed one hundred fifty (150) square feet. Individual storage buildings for dwelling units in apartment-type structures shall not be permitted; however, common storage buildings may be permitted. 130.315 Mobile homes. Sec. 3.15. This section of the Zoning Ordinance is designed to establish regulations under which mobile homes may be used as single-family dwellings on lots outside mobile home parks. It is hereby recognized that other forms of manufactured housing, commonly referred to as prefabricated, modular, or sectional housing, among other names, are and have been permitted in Ann Arbor Township, on individual lots, in any zoning district in which single-family dwellings are permitted, provided such units comply with the Township's adopted codes and zoning requirements. This section intends to treat mobile homes in a similar fashion, while recognizing the unique features of their construction. The regulations contained in this section are specifically designed to: A. Insure that mobile homes on individual lots comply with all zoning regulations applicable to all other single-family dwellings permitted in Ann Arbor Township. 28 �130.315 B. The lot and the mobile home shall comply with all regulations of the zoning district in which located. C. The mobile home shall meet all requirements of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards (24CFR3280), as amended. D. The mobile home shall be placed on a permanent foundation wall. The wall shall meet all requirements of the Ann Arbor Township building code and shall completely enclose the area under the mobile home. The area so enclosed shall not be less than the ground floor area of the mobile home. The mobile home shall be secured to the premises by an anchoring system which meets all State of Michigan requirements. E. The wheels, tongue and hitch, or other towing appurtenances, shall be removed before anchoring the mobile home to the premises. F. The mobile home shall be connected to public water and sanitary sewer lines, where available, according to Township standards and specifications, or to a well and septic tank, on the same lot as the mobile home, approved by the County Health Department. G. The mobile home shall be aesthetically compatible in design and appearance with conventional on-site constructed housing and other types of approved manufacture housing. Compatibility shall be determined by the following standards: 1. Exterior walls shall be finished with materials common to single-family dwellings such as, but not limited to, beveled siding, vertical siding, board and batten siding, or brick. 2. Front and rear or front and side exterior doors. H. A building permit shall be required for construction of the foundation wall, for placement of the mobile home on the lot, and for any addition to the mobile home. A building permit shall not be issued until a health permit has been issued by the County Health Department, where applicable, and until a certificate of zoning compliance has been issued in accordance with Article XX, herein, and is in effect, and a certificate from the manufacturer of the mobile home that the home complies with Section 3.15A(3), preceding. The mobile home shall not be occupied until a certificate of occupancy has been issued as provided in Article 29 �130.316 XX, herein, and is in effect. Any addition to a mobile home shall meet all requirements of the Ann Arbor Township building code. I. The mobile home, prior to any additions or expansions, shall have a minimum dimension of twenty (20) feet for any one side. J. Not more than one mobile home shall be used as a single-family dwelling on a lot, nor shall a mobile home be placed on any lot on which another single-family dwelling is located. A mobile home shall not be used as an accessory building in any residential district. K. A mobile home shall not be removed from a foundation until a permit therefore has been issued in accordance with the Ann Arbor Township building code. (Amended: Ord. of9-17-90, 9-17-90) 130.316 Size of single-family detached dwelling units. Sec. 3.16. Each single-family detached dwelling unit shall have a minimum exterior nominal width, prior to any addition or expansion, of twenty (20) feet for any one side. SECTIONS IV THROUGH IX RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE 30 �ARTICLE IV 130.400 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES 130.401 Purpose and Intent Sec. 4.01. The purpose of this ordinance is to ensure that Wireless Communication Facilities are located, constructed and maintained in the Township in a manner' which will maintain the integrity, character, property values and aesthetic quality of the affected neighborhood and the Township at large. It is the further purpose of this Section to: A. Establish predetermined districts or zones of the number, shape, and in the location considered best for the establishment of Wireless Communication Facilities, subject to applicable standards and conditions. B. Limit inappropriate physical and aesthetic overcrowding of land use activities and avoid adverse impact upon existing populations, transportation systems, and other public services and facility needs. C. Promote the public health, safety and welfare. D. Provide for adequate information about plans for Wireless Communication Facilities in order to permit the community to effectively plan for the location of such facilities. E. Minimize the adverse impact of technological obsolescence of such facilities, including a requirement to remove unused and/or unnecessary Facilities in a timely manner. F. Minimize the negative visual impact of Wireless Communication Facilities on neighborhoods, community land marks, historic sites and buildings, natural beauty areas and public rights-of-way. This purpose contemplates the establishment of as few Towers as reasonably feasible, and the use of Towers which are designed for compatibility, including the use of existing Towers. 130.402 Definitions Sec. 4.02. The following definitions shall apply in the interpretation of this Section. A "Wireless Communication Facilities" or "Facility(ies)" means and includes all structures and accessory facilities relating to the use of the radio frequency spectrum for the purpose of transmitting or receiving radio signals including but not limited to radio towers, television towers, telephone devices and exchanges, micro-wave relay towers, 31 (a) �130.403 telephone transmission equipment building and commercial mobile radio service facilities. Included in this definitions are "Antennae", "Towers", and "Storage Buildings" defined below. Not included in this definition are citizen band radio facilities, short wave facilities, ham or amateur radio facilities, satellite dishes for residential use, and governmental facilities which are subject to state or federal law or regulations which preempt municipal regulatory authority. ' B. "Wireless Communication Antenna" or "Antenna(e)" means any antenna used for the transmission or reception of wireless communication signals excluding those used exclusively for dispatch communications by public emergency agencies, ham radio antenna, satellite antenna, those which receive video programming services via multipoint distribution services which are one meter (39") or less in diameter and those which receive television broadcast signals. C. "Wireless Communication Support Structure" or "Tower(s)" means structures erected or modified to support Wireless Communication Antennae or Facilities. Support structures within this definition include, but are not limited to monopoles, lattice towers, light poles, wood poles and guyed towers, or other structures which appear to be something other than a mere support structure. D. "Wireless Communication Equipment Storage Facilities" or "Storage Building" means equipment used in the operation of the Facility other than Antennae or Towers and the structure within which the equipment is stored, maintained and serviced. E. "Colocation" means the location of two or more Wireless Communication Facilities on a common Tower with the view toward reducing the overall number of Towers within the Township. F. "Provider" means an entity which is property licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and other appropriate governmental authorities to provide services through Wireless Communications Facilities. 130.403 Authorization Sec. 4.03. Authorization A. Permitted Accessory Use of Antennae. To encourage Colocation and to minimize the number of Towers within the Township, an Antenna shall be considered a permitted accessory use when placed on or attached to any lawfully existing and approved Tower, provided that the Antenna shall not extend more than twenty (20) feet above the tallest portion of the Tower and further provided that no modifications of the approved Tower 32 (b) �130.404 are made including lights or guy wires or form. The installation of an Antenna and any accessory Facility or Storage Building shall be subject to standards and conditions applicable to all facilities described in paragraph 4 below, and the application requirements and site plan review and approval described in paragraph 5 below but shall not require approval as a conditional use. B. Conditional Uses. Except as provided in 3.1 above, Wireless Communication Facilities shall be Conditional Uses within the following districts, subject to the standards and conditions set forth below: Business (C-1) and (0) - Industrial (I-1) and (R-D), Public Land, and Agricultural A-1 so long as the property is not designated as residential under the Township's General Development Plan. C. Special Districts. Wireless Communication Facilities shall be considered a permitted principal use in the Office Park and RRA districts subject to the standards, conditions and application requirements and site plan review set forth below. Any proposed new Facility in the Office Park or RRA district shall be considered a major change in the area plan requiring area plan amendment within such district in addition to compliance with this ordinance. D. Other Districts. Wireless Communication Facilities shall not be permitted uses except as described above. 130.404 General Regulations. Sec. 4.04. All applications for Wireless Communication Facilities shall be reviewed in accordance with the following standards and conditions, and if approved shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with such standards and conditions. In addition, the standards and procedures set forth in Article XXI of the Ordinance governing conditional use permits shall apply to proposed Facilities which may be approved as conditional uses in accordance with paragraph 3.2 above. Upon compliance with the provisions of this Ordinance, Facilities shall be exempt from the height regulations of the Township Ordinances. A. The Facilities shall not be demonstrably injurious to neighborhoods or otherwise detrimental to the public safety and welfare. B. The Facilities shall be located and designed to be harmonious with the surrounding areas. C. The Facilities shall comply with applicable federal and state standards relative to the 33 (c) �130.404 environmental effects of radio frequency emissions. The applicant shall provide written proof of such compliance. D. The applicant shall demonstrate a justification for the proposed height of the Tower and Antenna and an evaluation of alternative designs which might result in lower heights based on an independent evaluation of a licensed engineer.' The maximum height of the Tower and Antenna shall be the minimum height demonstrated to be necessary for reasonable communication by the applicant (and by other entities to Colocate on the structure). The Storage Building shall be limited to the minimum height necessary for such equipment. E. The applicant shall demonstrate that it is properly licensed as a Provider. F. The setback of the Tower from any residential district lot line shall be at least one and one-half (1 ½) times the height of the Tower and Antenna. G. The setback of the Tower from any existing or proposed public or private roads shall be no less than the height of the Tower and Antenna. H. Where the proposed new or modified Wireless Communication Support Structure abuts a parcel of land zoned for a use other than residential, the minimum setback of the Tower and accessory structures shall be the required setback for main or principal buildings as provided in the zoning ordinance for the district. I. There shall be unobstructed access to the Facility for operation, maintenance, repair and inspection purposes, which may be provided through or over an easement. This access shall have a width and location determined by such factors as: the location of adjacent thoroughfares, traffic and circulation within the site, utilities needed to serve the Tower and Facilities, the location of buildings and parking facilities, proximity to residential districts, minimizing disturbance to the natural landscape, and the type of service which will be needed at the site. The minimum standards for such access road shall be 12' width, gravel road with suitable drainage. J. The division of property for the purpose oflocating a Facility is prohibited unless all requirements of the Township Ordinances are met. K. The color of the Tower and Equipment Building shall be designed to minimize distraction, reduce visibility, maximize aesthetic appearance, and ensure compatibility with surroundings. The applicant shall maintain the Facility in a safe, neat and orderly condition. 34 (d) �130.505 L. The Facility including the Tower and Antenna shall be constructed in accordance with all applicable building codes. The applicant shall submit a soils report from a geotechnical engineer, licensed by the State of Michigan confim1ing the suitability of soil conditions for the proposed Facility. The applicant shall provide proof of compliance with all requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), FCC and Michigan Aeronautics Commission for the Facility. ' M . The Facility shall not be used for advertising purposes and shall contain no signs or lighting except to identify the Provider and emergency telephone numbers and as may be required by the FAA. N. A maintenance plan for the Facility shall be provided by the applicant for review and approval as part of the site plan for the proposed Facility in order to ensure long term, continuous maintenance of the Facility. 0 . The applicant shall demonstrate the need for the Facility based on the following factors : l . Proximity to an interstate or major thoroughfare. 2. Areas of population concentration. 3. Concentration of commercial, industrial, and/or other business centers. 4. Areas where signal interference has occurred due to tall buildings, masses of trees and other obstructions. 5. Topography of the proposed facility location in relation to other facilities with which the proposed Facility is to operate. 6. Other specifically identified reason(s) creating a need for the Facility. 7. Effect on property values. P. The Tower shall be a monopole design unless the applicant can demonstrate that such a design is not feasible for the proposed tower. 35 (e) �130.505 130.505 Site Plan Review and Application Requirements Sec. 5.05. Site Plan Review and Application Requirements A. Site plan review and approval is required for every Wireless Communication Facility. A site plan prepared in accordance with Article XXII shali be submitted along with the application for Facility approval, showing the location, size, screening and design of the Tower, the Storage Building and all adjacent buildings and structures, including fences, and the location, number, and species of trees and shrubs, and the location and design of vehicular access. B. The site plan shall also include a detailed landscaping plan to provide screening and aesthetic enhancement of the Tower base, Storage Buildings and surrounding areas. C. The site plan shall show fencing designed to protect the Facility and to provide security from unauthorized entry as appropriate, and any alternate or additional security measures. D. The application shall include certification signed by a State of Michigan licensed professional engineer certifying the fall zone of the Tower and the manner in which the Tower will fall. This certification will be used along with other criteria such as applicable setback requirement for the district in determining the appropriate setback for the Tower and other Facilities as described in 4.7 and 4.8 above. E. The application shall include a description of the security to be posted at the time of receiving a building permit for the Facility to ensure removal of the Facility when it has been abandoned or is no longer used, as provided in paragraph 7 below. The security shall be in the form of: cash, surety bond, or letter of credit, together with an agreement in the form approved by the Township providing for removal of the Facility as described in paragraph 7 below. The Provider shall submit an estimate of the cost of removal of the Facility, certified by a licensed engineer for the Township's use in determining the security to be posted. F. The application shall include a map showing existing, known proposed and projected potential Facilities within the Township for the next five (5) years, and existing and known proposed Facilities within areas surrounding the Township in order to determine potential Colocation of Facilities and to demonstrate the need for the proposed Facility. G. The application shall include the name, address and telephone number of the person to contact for engineering and maintenance of the Facility. This information shall be kept current while the Wireless Communication Facility is in operation and posted at the Facility. 36 (f) �130. 707 D. Notice of Colocation. The applicant shall send a written notice to all potential Providers offering an opportunity for Colocation on the applicant's Facility. Copies of the notice letter shall be provided to the Township at the time the application is filed. If during a period of thirty (30) days after the notice letters are sent to potential Providers, a Provider requests Colocation on the new Facility, the Applicant shall accommodate the request unless the applicant can demonstrate that Colocatio'n is not reasonably feasible based on the standards set forth above. 130. 707. Removal Sec. 7.07. Removal A. A condition of approval of a Wireless Communication Facility shall be adequate provision for removal of the Facility upon the occurrence of one or more of the following events: 1. Failure to use the Facility for one hundred eighty (180) days or more. 2. One hundred eighty (180) days after new technology is available at reasonable cost as determined by the Township, which permits the operation of the Facility without a Tower. Each Applicant shall certify its agreement to provide the Township with information on such new Technology if and when it is available as part of the approval process. B. Upon the occurrence of an event requiring removal of a Facility, the Provider shall promptly apply for demolition or removal of the Facility and proceed with removal of the Facility and restoring the affected area to a condition reasonably acceptable by the Township. C. If a Facility has not been removed within sixty (60) days of the required removal date then after thirty (30) days written notice to the Provider, the Township may remove or secure the removal of the Facility. All costs including reasonable administrative charges of such removal shall be paid by the Provider or collected from the security posted by the Provider. 38 (h) �130.606 130.606 Colocation Sec 6.06. Colocation A. Statement Q[Policy. It is the policy of the Township to minimize the overall number of newly established Wireless Communication Facilities and Towers within the Township and to encourage the use of existing Towers. B. Feasibility of Colocation. Co location shall be deemed to be "feasible" for purposes of this section in the following circumstances: 1. A Provider will pay market rent or other market compensation for Colocation. 2. The Tower can provide structural support for additional Antennae, taking into consideration reasonable modification or replacement of a Facility. 3. The Colocation is technologically reasonable. 4. The height of the Tower necessary for Colocation will not be increased beyond a point deemed to be permissible by the Township, taking into consideration the standards set forth in this Ordinance. C. Requirements for Colocation: 1 A permit for the construction and use of a new Tower or Facility shall not be granted unless the applicant demonstrates that a feasible Colocation is not available for the coverage area and capacity needs. 2. All new and modified Wireless Communication Facilities shall be designed and constructed so as to accommodate the maximum number of feasible providers for Coloation. 3. If a Provider fails or refuses to alter an existing Wireless Communication Facility to accommodate a proposed and feasible Colocation, each Provider's Facilities in the Township shall be deemed nonconforming uses and shall not be altered, expanded or extended in any respect. 4. If a Provider fails or refuses to permit a feasible Colocation, such Provider shall be prohibited from receiving approval of a new Facility for a period of ten (10) years from the date of the failure to permit the Colocation. 37 (g) ��ARTICLEX 130.1000 SCHEDULE OF DISTRICT REGULATIONS 130.1001 General provisions. Sec. 10.01. A. Minimum reQuirements. The regulations herein established within each zoning district shall be the minimum regulations for promoting and protecting the public health, safety, and general welfare, and shall be uniform for each class of land, buildings, structures, or uses throughout each district. Wherever the requirements of this Ordinance are at variance with the requirements of any other adopted rules or regulations, ordinances, deed restrictions, or covenants, the most restrictive or those imposing the higher standards shall govern. B. Scope of reiulations. 1. Except as otherwise may be provided in Article XXIV, herein, "Zoning Board of Appeals" every building or structure erected, every use of any lot, building, or structure established, every structural alteration or relocation of an existing building or structure, and every enlargement of or addition to an existing use, building, or structure occurring after the effective date of this Ordinance shall comply with all regulations which are applicable in the zoning district in which such use, building, or structure shall be located. 2. No part of a yard or other open space, off-street parking or loading space required about or connected with any use, building, or structure for the purpose of complying with this Ordinance shall be included in the yard, open space, off-street parking or loading space similarly required for any other use, building, or structure. 3. No yard or lot existing on the date of adoption of this Ordinance shall be reduced in dimensions or area below the minimum requirements set forth herein. Yards or lots created after the effective date of this Ordinance shall meet the minimum requirements established herein. No off-street parking or loading areas shall be reduced below the required size or number of spaces. 4. Nonconforming lots of record may be utilized as set forth in Section 23.02, herein, "Nonconforming Lots of Record". 31 �130.1001 C. Pennitted Uses. Uses shall be permitted by right only if specifically listed as principal permitted uses in the various zoning districts. All other uses shall be prohibited. D. Accessory uses and buildin~s. Where a lot is devoted to a permitted principal use or a permitted conditional use, accessory uses are permitted as listed in the applicable zoning district. Accessory uses and buildings shall be subject to the following regulations: 1. Where the accessory building is attached to the principal building, it shall be subject to all regulations of the district in which located. 2. In any rural district, and in any rural, suburban or urban residential district, accessory uses and buildings not attached to the principal building shall not: a. be located in front of the rear line of the principal building or, in the case of a comer lot, in the required comer side yard; b. be located less than five (5) feet from an interior side or rear property line; c. exceed fifteen (15) feet in height. 3. In any rural, suburban or urban residential district, not more than thirty-five percent (3 5%) of the minimum required rear yard may be occupied by accessory structures. 4. In any business or industrial district, any accessory use or building not attached to the principal building shall comply with all area, placement, and height regulations of the district in which located. 5. In any zoning district, the ground floor area of an accessory building shall not exceed the ground floor area of the principal building. 6. In any zoning district, a detached accessory building shall be located at least ten (10) feet from any other principal or accessory building. E. Conditional uses. Conditional uses are permitted as listed in the various zoning districts and if the required conditions are met. The required conditions are set forth in Article XXI, herein. Additional requirements for certain conditional uses are set forth in Article XI, herein. 32 �130.1001 F. Yard measurements. Yards shall be measured from the exterior faces of a structure to lot lines. Yards shall be measured from the outer edge of a roof overhang or cornice less two (2) feet, if the roof overhang or cornice extends more than two (2) feet from the exterior face of the structure. Front and comer side yards shall be measured from existing right-of-way lines. All required yards shall be located parallel and adjacent to property lines. All required yards shall be measured from the right-of-way line of a public street, or from the right-of-way or easement line of a private street. G. Exemptions from area, placement, and hei~ht re~Iations, 1. The following structures may be located anywhere on any lot: Open and unroofed terraces, patios, porches and steps; awnings; flag poles; hydrants; laundry drying equipment; trellises; recreation equipment; outdoor cooking equipment; sidewalks and private driveways; trees, plants, shrubs, and hedges; solid fences, screens, or walls less than four feet in height; fences, screens, or walls having at least fifty percent (50%) of their surface area open when viewed from the perpendicular; mailboxes; and light poles. Anything constructed, erected, placed, or planted or allowed to grow, shall conform to the provisions of Section 3.08, "Visibility at Intersections". 2. The following structures and appurtenances shall be exempt from the height regulations of this Ordinance: spires, belfries, penthouses and domes, chimneys, ventilators, skylights, water tanks, bulkheads, public utility transmission and distribution lines and related structures, radio and television broadcasting and receiving antennae, silos, parapets, and other appurtenances usually required to be placed above roof level and not intended for hwnan occupancy. 3. An entrance structure, including but not limited to walls, columns, or gates, may be placed in a subdivision, mobile home park, apartment, or other residential development without regard to yard requirements provided that the location of such a structure shall be approved by the Planning Commission before a building permit shall be issued. The location of such a structure shall conform to the provisions of Section 3.08, herein, "Visibility oflntersections". Signs identifying the development by name and address may be mounted on an entry structure or made a structural part thereof, provided that such signs shall conform to all sign regulations, except yard regulations, of the district in which located, and to the provisions of Article XIII, herein, "Sign Regulations". 33 �130.1002 H. Access roads. No road or driveway shall be located in any yard, transition strip, or landscape strip required by this ordinance, except to cross such a yard or strip, in a more or less perpendicular direction, for the purpose of providing vehicular access to the property from an adjacent street. (Amended: Ord. of9-17-90, 9-17-90; Ord. of3-21-94, 3-21-94) 130.1002 Statements of intent/or use districts. Sec. 10.02. A. Rural Districts. 1. Recreation-Conservation District (R-C) . The value to the public of certain areas of the Township is derived from the natural condition and features of these areas. This Ordinance recognizes that the best use of such areas is the development, management, and utilization of the natural resource base possessed by these areas. In order that the natural resource development, management, and utilization of the natural resources may be maintained and encouraged, this zoning district is designed to preserve and enhance these natural amenities, such as woodlands, wetlands, and wildlife habitats. It is the intent of this district to permit those uses, buildings, and structures which can operate or be located in areas or natural amenities in a compatible manner and prohibit those uses, buildings, or structures which might detract from or injure or destroy these amenities. It is further the intent of this district to permit compatible uses, buildings, and structures only at a low density as an added guarantee of compatibility. 2. General Agriculture District (A-1) . This district is intended to protect and preserve areas of prime agricultural soils for continued agricultural uses. The district is intended to be located in the areas of the Township that are designated in the general development plan for agricultural use. The regulations in this district are the minimum necessary to protect the open, rural character of the agricultural area from intrusion of urban and suburban uses, that is in turn necessary to permit continuation of agricultural operations. Rural residence are considered compatible with the intent of this district if developed at the low density provided in this district and in such a manner that they will not interfere with agricultural operations. 3. Agriculture - Rural Residential District (AR),. This district is intended to provide areas for rural residence and limited agricultural uses. The district is intended to be applied in the areas designated in the general development plan for 34 �130.1002 rural residential use at a density of 0.2 DUs/acre or less. The regulations in this district are the minimum necessary to maintain a rural environment and permit limited agricultural activities on the same lots as residence. This district is intended to protect wooded areas, wetlands, wildlife habitats, and similar natural areas that might be endangered by development in the smaller lot sizes that are permitted in the suburban residential (R-2) district. B, Rural Residential Districts. 1. Single-Family Rural Residential District (R-1). This district is intended to provide areas for rural residence without the limited agricultural uses that are permitted in the A-R district. This district is intended to be applied in the areas designated in the general development plan for rural residential use at a density of 0.2 to 0.5 DUs/acre. This district is intended to continue the three acre minimum lot area that was established in previous Township zoning ordinances. It is intended to preserve a rural character and is to be used where soils are suitable for on-site water supply and wastewater treatment systems, and where public water and sanitary sewer services are not planned to be extended. This district is intended to protect wooded areas, wetlands, wildlife habitats, and similar natural areas that might be endangered by development at the higher densities permitted in the suburban residential (R-2) district. 2. Single-Family Rural Residential District (R-lA). This district has the same purposes as the R-1 district except it is intended to be used in areas in which a two acre lot pattern has been established under previous zoning ordinances. It is not intended to be used in designated rural residential areas in which a two acre minimum lot area pattern has not been established. C, Suburban Residential Districts, 1. Single-Family Suburban Residential District (R-2). This district is intended to provide areas for single family, non-farm residences on lots of sufficient size to permit the use of on-site water supply and waste water treatment systems. The district is intended to be applied to areas designated in the general development plan for suburban residential use at a density of 0.5 to 1 DU/acres. This district is intended to be used in the parts of the above described areas that do not have natural features that would be endangered by development at the density permitted in this district. 35 �130.1002 D. Urban Residential Districts. 1. Single-Family Urban Residential District (R-3A) . This district is intended to provide single-family residential use at an urban density of development on 1/2 acre and larger lots, in areas designated in the general development plan for urban residential use at a density of 1 to 2 DUs/acres. This district is intended to be used only in those areas in which public water and sanitary sewer services are available. 2. Single-Family Urban Residential District (R-3) . This district is intended to provide single-family residential areas of an urban character on lots 10,000 square feet and larger, in areas designated in the general development plan for urban residential use at a density of 2 to 4 DUs/acres. The district is intended to be used only in those areas in which public water and sanitary sewer services are available. 3. Single-Family Urban Residential District (R-4). This district is intended to provide single-family residential areas of an urban character on lots of 7,200 square feet and larger in area, in areas designated in the general development plan for urban residential use at a density of 2 to 4 DUs/acre. This district is intended to be used in those parts of the above described areas in which the established lot pattern in less than the 10,000 square feet minimum area required in the R-3 district, or in which a transition is to be made to higher density residential use on neighboring properties. The district is intended to be used only in areas in which public water and sanitary sewer services are available. 4. Two-Family Urban Residential District (R-5). This district is intended to provide areas for two single-family dwelling units that are attached to each other and that occupy a common lot. It is intended to be used in areas designated in the general development plan for urban residential use at a density of 4 to 6 DUs/acre, and only in areas in which public water and sanitary sewer services are available. The district is intended to create residences that have the appearance of singlefamily dwellings. This district is intended to be similar to the R-4 district except for the different type of dwelling unit and the slightly higher density that is achievable by attaching two dwelling units on one lot. This district may be used as transition area between single-family and higher density residential areas, and in some situations, between single-family residential and non-residential areas. 36 �130.1002 5. Mobile Home Park Residential District (R-6). This district is intended to provide areas for development of mobile home parks with the character of residential neighborhoods. The district is intended to be applied in areas designated in the general development plan for urban residential use at a density of 4 to 6 DUs/acres, and only in areas in which public water and sanitary sewer are available. It is the intent of this district that mobile homes be considered and regulated as single-family dwellings which deserve and require locations, services, and facilities similar to other types of residences developed at urban densities. 6. Low Density Multiple-Family Residential District (R-7). This district is intended to provide for single-family attached dwellings and low density multiplefamily dwelling units at densities up to 6 DUs/acre. It is intended to be applied in areas designated in the general development plan for urban residential use at a density of up to 6 DUs/acre, and only in areas in which public water and sanitary sewer services are available. 7. Moderate Density Multiple-Family Residential District (R-8). Same as the R-7 district except densities of more than 6 DUs/acre and is designated in the general development plan for urban residential use at density above 6 DUs/acre. 8. High Density Urban Residential District (R-9) . This district is intended to provide area for multiple-family dwelling in apartment type buildings. It is intended to be applied in areas designated in the general development plan for urban residential use at a density of over 6 DUs/acre and only in areas currently developed with this use and density as of the date of adoption of this amendment. The district is not intended to be applied to any undeveloped area in the Township. E. Business Districts, 1. Convenience Commercial District (C-1) . This district is established to provide suitable locations for retail, service, and office enterprises which serve a localized market area. Goods and services to be provided by establishments in this district are classified as "convenience," as distinguished from "comparison" goods and services, because they serve the day to day needs of a neighborhood or group of neighborhoods. With the exception of supermarkets, establishments in this district will generally be small in floor and site area. The district in intended to be applied in areas designated for such use in the general development plan and only in areas in which public water and sanitary sewer service are available. 37 �130.1002 2. Office District (0). This district is intended for areas which are not considered suitable for other commercial uses permitted in the C-1 district but which are considered desirable locations for office activities. It is intended for those office activities which are not a part of other commercial or industrial operations or which can be physically separated therefrom. The district may be used as a transition area between residential areas and commercial or industrial areas. The district in intended to be applied in areas designated for such use in the general development plan and only in areas in which public water and sanitary sewer services are available. F. Industrial Districts, 1. Research and Development District (R-D). This district is intended for research facilities and activities to serve the needs of commerce, industry, science, and education. Offices and prototype manufacturing operations in support of, and incidental to, research activities are considered acceptable in this district. The principal characteristics of this district are a low intensity of land coverage and a minimum of noise, smoke, dust, dirt, gases, offensive odors, heat, glare and other environmental disturbances. The district in intended to be applied in areas designated in the general development plan for research uses and only in areas in which public water and sanitary sewer services are available. 2. Limited Industrial District (1-1). This district is intended to provide areas for light types of manufacturing industrial operations and facilities, and wholesale and warehouse operations and their related offices and limited accessory retail sales activities, where storage of products or equipment and wholesale sales thereof are the primary use of the building The district is designed to create a low density development, with spacious yards to provide attractive settings as well as to help insure compatibility with nonindustrial neighboring lots. This district is intended to permit only those uses which emit a minimum of noise, vibration, smoke, dust and dirt, gases or offensive odors, glare, and radiation. The district is also intended for operations which store materials, supplies, products, equipment, and refuse within buildings; outdoor storage is not intended for this district. Uses which involve the storage or handling of explosive or highly inflammable gases or liquids are not intended to be permitted or conditional uses in this district. 38 �130.1002 This district is intended to be applied in areas designated for industrial use in the general development plan, and only in areas in which public water and sanitary sewer services are available. G. Public Lands District This district in intended to be applied to lands owned by the Township, County, State or other public agencies. H. Special Districts J. Planned Unit Development District (PUD). The PUD district has the following purposes: a. To further the public health, safety, and general welfare in an era of increasing urbanization and of growing demand for housing of all types and design; b. To provide for necessary commercial, educational, and recreational facilities conveniently located to such housing; c. To encourage innovations in residential and commercial development so that the demands of the population may be met by greater variety in type, design, and layout of buildings and by the conservation and more efficient use of open space ancillary to said buildings; so that greater opportunities for better housing, recreation, and shops conveniently located to each other may extend to all citizens and residents of this Township; d. To develop more stable communities by providing a variety and balance of housing types and living environments; e. To encourage provision of open spaces and to protect and preserve natural features by incorporating same into the design of the PUD; f. To encourage flexibility and more efficient use of land and of public services, or private services in lieu thereof; g. To reflect changes in the technology of land development so that resulting economies may occur to the benefit of those who need homes; h. To lessen the burden of traffic on streets and highways; i. To encourage development which will incorporate the best features of 39 �130.1002 modem design; and, in aid of these purposes, to provide a procedure which can relate the type, design, and layout of residential and commercial development to the particular site and particular demand for housing and other facilities including the foregoing at the time of development in a manner consistent with the preservation of the property values within established residential areas; and j . To insure that the increased flexibility of substantive regulations over land development authorized herein is subject to proper administrative standards and procedures. 2. Research and Research Applications District (RRA). This district in intended to achieve the following objectives: a.To permit scientific, business, and industrial research operations, and related testing and production operations, in a spacious, campus-type environment devoid of nuisance factors commonly present in standard manufacturing districts; b. To permit production operations which, because of the nature of the technology involved, are so related to the research operations in the district as to make the research and production activities mutually dependent; or which are developmental in nature and are substantially dependent on frequent and close collaboration with research personnel working in research facilities in the district; c. To permit and encourage uses which support and complement permitted principal uses, or are vital to such uses and must be located close to them; d. To protect existing and planned uses in the vicinity of this district from spillover effects which might be created by uses in the district; e. To permit development in a planned, coordinated manner, according to an overall development plan for the district; f. To provide facilities and services necessary for the health, safety, welfare and convenience of employees, customers, and visitors in the district; 40 �130.1002 g.To encourage provisions of open space within the district, and to preserve natural features by incorporating them into the plan for the district; h.To help diversify the local economy, reduce unemployment, and expand the tax base of the Township; i.To prevent uses in the district from creating any dangerous, injurious, noxious or otherwise objectionable condition which might result from fire, explosion or radioactivity, noise or vibration; water or soil pollution; smoke, dust, odor, or other forms of air pollution; electrical materials; conditions conducive to the breeding of rodents or insects; or from any other substance, condition, or elements in a manner or amount as to adversely affect other uses in the district or in neighboring areas. 3. Office Park District (OP). This district is intended to achieve the following objectives: a. To permit offices in a low density, spacious, campus environment; b.To permit and encourage uses that support and complement the principal uses that are permitted in this district, or are vital to such uses and must be located close to them; c. To protect existing and future uses in the vicinity of this district from spillover effects that might be created by uses in this district; d.To permit development in a planned, coordinated manner, according to an overall development plan for the district; e. To provide facilities and services that are necessary for the health, safety, welfare, and convenience of employee, customers, and visitors in an office park; f. To encourage provision of open space and preservation of natural features in an office park; g. To help diversify the local economy, expand employment opportunities and expand the tax base of Ann Arbor Township. (Amended: Ord. of9-17-90, 9-17-90; Ord. of3-21-94, 3-21-94)) 41 �I USE REGULATIONS �r SECTION 10.03 130.1003 SCHEDULE OF USE REGULATIONS 130.1003A Rural Districts (Sec. IO.OJA) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this section for notes . Uses Airport landing strip, non-commercial Ambulance station Animal hospital, veterinarian clinic Apiary Bed and breakfast operations Boating sales and services, and related structures and uses when part of a marina Bulk feed and fertilizer outlets Camping area, travel trailer park Camps Cemetery (human and animal) Charitable, philanthropic institution Church and synagogue College or university Conservation area for fauna, flora Country Club Crematorium Dairy farm Day care home, day care center A = Accessory Use (1) R-C C C C p C C C C C C C C C (2) A-1 (3) A-R C p C C p C C C C p C C p C p C p C 42 C �13O.1003A Rural Districts (Sec.IO.OJA) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes Uses Farm implement sales, repair Farming operations, crop raising, speciality farming, raising of livestock and fowl but not including intensive raising of livestock and fowl Feed grain elevators Forest preserve Game refuge Garage, private Golf course, golf driving range Government buildings Guest house Home occupation Hospital, nursing home, sanitarium Hunting preserve Kennel (commercial) Kennel (private) Library, museum (non-commercial) Livestock, animal raising (except feedlots) Marina Nursery sales Police, fire stations Poultry farms Private garages, attached A = Accessory Use (2) (1) R-C A-1 C C p p C p p p A C A C C A A C C C C C p A A A A C C C p p p C p C A A 43 (3) A-R A �130.1003A Rural Districts (sec. 10.0JA) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use (1) (2) Uses R-C A-1 (3) A-R Private greenhouse Public beaches Public park, playground Radio, TV broadcasting station, receiving and broadcasting towers Riding stable, private Riding stable, public Rifle and shooting ranges Roadside stand Sand and gravel pits (extraction and processing) Schools, primary and secondary Signs Single-family detached residence Ski, toboggan facilities (commercial) Sod farm Storage buildings, barns, silos Swimming pool, community Swimming pool, private Tennis Club Top soil removal Transient, temporary amusements (carnivals, etc.) (see note #1) A C C A A C p C C A C C A p C C A C A C C p C A A C C A p A C A p p A A A A C 44 �( 130.1003A Rural Districts (Sec. 10.03A) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use A = Accessory Use Uses R-C (2) A-1 Transmission and distribution line and pipeline and related structures, but not including buildings, of public utility companies, when located in an existing right-of-way or utility easement, telephone repeater structure p p p Transmission and distribution lines, pipelines, of public utility companies when new right-of-way or easements are required; and structures of public utility companies (see note #2) C C C Tree farms C p (1) (3) A-R Note #1: Additional regulations covering transient, temporary amusement enterprises are provided in Section 3.10, herein. Note #2: Provided that there shall be no storage of materials, equipment, vehicle, or supplies on the premises, except as required for maintenance of a permitted or conditional use; provided further that no personnel shall be quartered on the premises; and provided that the structures shall be located, designed, constructed, and landscaped in such a manner as to conform to the character of the surrounding area and the zoning district in which located. (Amended: Ord of9-17-90; 9-17-90; Ord of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 45 �130.1003B Rural Residence Districts (Sec. 10.03B) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes . Uses Ambulance station Bed and br,e akfast operations Church Country club Day care center Day care home Golf course Home occupation Kennel, private only Library, museum (non-commercial) Municipal office building Police. fire station Primary and secondary schools Private garages Private greenhouse Public park, playground Riding stable , private Signs Single family dwelling, detached Storage buildings Swimming pool, community Swimming pool. private A = Accessory Use (1) R-1 (2) R-lA (3) R-2 C C C C C C C A C C C C C A C C C A C C C C C C C A C C C C C A C C C A C C C C C C C A C C C C C A C C C A p p p A C A A C A A C A 46 (Amended April 3, 1995) �130.1003B Rural Residence Districts (Sec 10.03B) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use Uses R-1 (2) R-lA Transmission and distribution lines, and related structures but not including buildings of public utility companies when located in an existing right-of-way or utility easement, telephone repeater structures Transmission and distribution lines, pipeline, of public utility companies when new right-of-way or easements are required; and structures of public utility companies (see note #1) p p p C C C (1) (3) R-2 Note #1: Provided that there shall be no storage of materials, equipment, vehicle, or supplies on the premises except as required for maintenance of a permitted or conditional use; provided further that no personnel shall be quartered on the premises; and provided that the structures shall be located, designed, constructed, and landscaped in such a manner as to conform to the character of the surrounding area and the zoning district in which located. (Amended Ord. of9-17-90, 9-17-90; Ord. of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 47 �130.lOOJC Urban Residence Districts (Sec. 10.0JC) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes Uses Ambulance station Church Colleges, universities Country club Day care center Day care home Eleemosynary, philanthropic institutions Fraternity, sorority houses Funeral home Group foster care home (see note #5) Golf course Home occupation (see note #1) Hospitals Library, museum (non-commercial) Manager's residence and office A = Accessory Use (1) R-3 C C C C C C C C C C (2) R-4 (4) (3) R-5 C C R-6 C (5) R-7 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C (7) R-9 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C (6) R-8 C A C A C A C C C C C C C C C C C C C C A A A A 48 (8) R-3A C C C C C C C A C �130.1003C Urban Residence Districts (Sec. 10.03C) (Continued) A = Accessory Use · P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Sectiontes (1) Uses Medical, dental clinics when associated with and on the same lot as a hospital Mobile nome park (see note #2) Mobile home subdivision Multiple family dwelling Municipal office Nursing, convalescent homes Primary and secondary schools Private garages Private greenhouse Police, fire stations Public parks, playground Rooming houses Signs R-3 (2) R-4 (3) R-5 (5) R-7 (6) R-8 (7) R-9 C C C p C C p C C p C C C A A C C C A A C C C A A C C C A A C C C A A C C A C A C A C A A (4) R-6 (8) R-3A p p C C A A C C A C A A C C A C A A C C A 49 �( 130.1003C Urban Residence Districts (Sec. 10.03C) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Sectiontes (1) Uses R-3 A (2) R-4 Single-family dwelling attached Single-family dwelling detached (see note #3) Storage buildings Swimming pool, community Swimming pool, private Transmission and distribution line and pipelines and related structures, but not including buildings of public utility companies when located in an existing right-of-way, or utility easement; telephone repeater structure = Accessory Use (4) (5) R-7 (6) (7) R-8 R-9 p p p p p p p p (3) R-5 R-6 (8) R-3A p p p A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C A p A p A p A p A p A p A p A p 50 �130.1003C Urban Residence Districts (Sec. 10.03C) (Continued) A = Accessory Use P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Sectiontes Uses Transmission and distribution lines, pipelines of public utility companies when new rights-of-way or easements are required, and structures of such companies (see note #4) Tourist homes Townhouse dwellings Two-family dwelling (see note # 3) (1) R-3 (2) R-4 (3) R-5 (4) R-6 (5) R-7 (6) R-8 (7) R-9 (8) R-3A C C C C C C C C C p p C p p C p p p Note #1: Home occupations shall be permitted only in single-family detached dwelling units. Note#2: Additional regulations for mobile home parks are provided in Section 11.14 herein. Note #3: Single-family residences i the R-5, R-6, R-7, R-8 and R-9 districts shall conform to all regulations of the R-4 district. Two-family residences in The R-7, R-8 and R-9 shall conform to all regulations of the R-5 district. 51 �130.1003C Urban Residence Districts (Sec. 10.03C) (Continued) Note #4: Provided, that there shall be no storage of materials, equipment, vehicles, or other supplies on the premises, except as required for maintenance of a permitted or conditional use; provided further that no personnel shall be quartered on the premises, and provided that the structure shall be located, designed, constructed and landscaped in such manner as to conform to the character of the surrounding area and the zoning district in which located. Note #5: Additional regulations for group foster care homes are set forth in Section 11. 21, herein. Note #6: Certain commercial and service uses are permitted as conditional uses in a mobile home park, as provided in Section 11.14B herein. (Amended: Ord. of 4-14-86. 4-14-86; Ord. of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 52 �130.1003D Business Districts (Sec. 10.03D) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes Uses (see note #1) Ambulance stations Animal hospital, kennel (commercial) Antique shops Automobile & farm equipment, sales, new (includes accessory activities, such as car sales, auto repairs, body and paint shops) Automobile & farm equipment sales, used; when not on the same premises as a new car or equipment sales Automobile parts, supply, tire stores, new Automobile service station Automobile wash Bakery Bank, trust company, savings and loan (except drive-in facilities) Bar Barber shop Beauty shop Book, magazine, newspaper, etc. Building supply store Business offices Candy store A = Accessory Use (1) C-1 (2) 0 p C p p p C p C C p p C p p p p p p p p 53 �130.1003D Business Districts (Sec. 10.03D) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes Uses (see note #1) Charitable and philanthropic Churches Dairy products store Day care center Day care home Delicatessen Department, discount store Drive-in bank Drive-in restaurant (carry-out) Dry cleaning pick up station Dry cleaning establishment (see note #2) Equipment Executive, administrative offices Feed and grain sales and storage Florist Food market (convenience store) Fruit, vegetable store Funeral ·home Furniture store Gift shop Government offices Grocery store (supermarket) A = Accessory Use (1) C-1 (2) 0 p p p C C p p C C p C C p p p p p p C p p p p C C p p p 54 �130.1003D Business Districts (Sec. 10.03D) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes Uses (see note #1) Hardware store Horticultural nursery, commercial greenhouse Hospitals Household appliance store Jewelry store Laboratories Laundromat, launderette Laundry pick-up station Library, museum Meat, fish, poultry market (no live poultry) Medical, dental clinics Mobile home sales, service and repair Motels, hotels, (including manager's residence) Newspaper publishing plant Nursing, convalescent homes Offices of labor unions, religious and political organizations Off-street parking lot Outdoor recreation facilities, commercial Parking lot, public or commercial A = Accessory Use (1) C-1 (2) 0 p p p p p p p C p p p C p p p A C C p p C p p A C 55 �( ) 130.1003D Business Districts (Sec. 10.03D) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes A = Accessory Use (1) (2) Uses (see note #1) C-1 0 Party store (including package liquor) Pet shop Photographic store Police. fire station Professional offices Radio, TV broadcasting and receiving towers Radio, TV broadcasting studios Recreation facilities (indoor), commercial Recreation vehicle sales, service and repair Recreation vehicle storage Rental of equipment & products such as hand & power tools, trailers, & vehicles Restaurant (no entertainment except music) Restaurant , night clubs Schools Shoe repair shop Signs Sign painting shop p p p p p p p C C p p C P C C P (Amended November 6, 1995) P P P P A P A 56 �( Swimming pool, commercial C Tailor, seamstress shop P 130.1003D Business Districts (Sec. 10.03D) (Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use A = Accessory Use See last page of this Section for notes (1) (2) Uses (see note #1) C-1 0 Taxicab, bus station Theater, drive-in (see note #3) Theater, indoor Towers of public utility companies and cellular telephone companies Transmission and distribution lines pipelines, structures of public utility companies Upholstering shop Variety, dry goods store Wearing apparel store Wholesale sales, warehousing, whe incidental to and part of a retail sales establishment C C p C C (Amended 1-20-97) p p p p p C Note #1 : Whenever uses permitted in the above districts involve the preparation or manufacture of goods for sale, such goods shall be sold only on the premises and only at retail. Note #2 : A laundry or dry cleaning establishment is for local service only and no ·work shall be received from dry-cleaning pick-up stations or other laundry or dry cleaning plants . Wholesaling and sub-contracting in connection with laundering and dry cleaning shall be prohibited in the business districts (Such operations are permitted in the industrial district.) 57 �130.1003E Industrial Districts (Sec. 10.03E) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use Uses Ambulance stations Asphalt mixing plants Body and paint shops Bottling plant Bulk storage refined petroleum products liquids, gasses, above or below ground Business, professional, elective or administrative offices related to research and development activity Collection center for household waste materials to be recycled Construction and farm equipment sales Contractors establishment Industrial plants of manufacture, processing or assembly of the following: Agriculture products Aluminum, bronze, copper base alloy and other nonferrous castings Biological products, drugs, medicinal, chemical and pharmaceuticals Canvas products (using purchased canvas) Concrete products Converted paper and paper products Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies, electronic components and accessories 58 (1) (2) R-D 1-1 p p C p p C p A p C C p p p p C p p �130.1003E Industrial Districts (Sec. 10.03E) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use (1) R-D Fabricated metal products, except heavy machinery and transportation equipment Food and kindred products (not including slaughterhouse) Furniture and fixtures Glass products (using purchased glass) Heavy machinery, transportation equipment Jewelry, silverware and plated ware, musical instruments and parts, toys, sporting goods, office and artists materials, notions, signs, and advertising displays Machine shops Metal working, general industrial machinery and equipment Monument, cut stone, and stone products Office, computing and accounting machines Printing and publishing Junkyard, scrap and waste wholesaling Laundry, dry cleaning plants Lumber yards, building materials sale and storage Monument sales Office for a permitted principal use A Police, fire stations P Processing of natural resources Quarries (see note #2) Uses 59 (2) 1-1 p p p p p p p p C p p C p C p A p C C �r ( 130.1003E Industrial Districts (Sec. 10.03E) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use (1) R-D Uses Radio, TV broadcasting station, transmitting and receiving towers Research Park Residence (for security personnel only) Residence for watchmen, caretaker Retail sales when incidental to a permitted use Scientific business, industrial research Sewage treatment facilities Signs Storage of recreation vehicles (outdoor and indoor) Taxicab, bus station Testing laboratories Towers of public utility companies and cellular telephone companies Transmission and distribution lines, pipelines, structures of public utility companies Truck service and repair, when incidental to a permitted principal use Vehicle service and repair (auto, farm and construction equipment, truck Warehousing, material distribution centers Wholesale sale of goods, materials (2) I-1 p p A A p p A A C p C p p A C C p C (Amended 1-20-97) p p A C A p p C Note #1: Regulations covering junkyard, etc., are provided in Section 11.08, herein. Note #2: Regulations covering quarries are provided in Section 11.12, herein 60 �j AREA PLACEMENT/ HEIGHT REGULATIONS ) �( SECTION 10.04 130.1004 SCHEDULE OF AREA, PLACEMENT AND HEIGHT REGULATIONS 130.1004A Rural Districts (Sec. 10.04A) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes A = Accessory Use Regulations (see Note #1) (1) R-C (2) A-1 See Note #5 (3) A-R 1. Minimum Lot Area Residence only, no farm All other permitted and conditional uses 5 Ac. 5 Ac. lOAc. 10 Ac. 5 Ac. 5 Ac. 2. Minimum Lot Width 300 Ft. 330 Ft. 300 Ft. 3. Maximum Ground Floor Coverage (GFC) 5% 5% 5% 4. Maximum Floor Area Ration (FAR) 0.10 0.10 0.10 -Front -Side -Corner -Rear 50 30 50 50 50 30 50 50 50 30 50 50 -Stories -Feet 2 1/2 35 Ft. 5. Minimum Yards (see Note #3) (see Note #2) 6. Maximum Height (See Note #4) Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. 61 Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. �130.1004A Rural Districts (Sec. 10.04A)(Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes A = Accessory Use Note #1: Lines and structures (not including buildings) of public utility companies shall be exempt from the area, placement, and height regulations of this Section. Note #2: Where livestock is raised or kept, any structure for housing of livestock, and any storage of hay, feed, or manure, shall be located not less than fifty (50) feet from any property line. Note #3: See Section 11.17 for setback requirements along arterial roads and highways. Note #4: The maximum height of farm structures shall be seventy-five (75) feet. See Section 10.0lG herein, for waiver of height regulations for certain structures. Note #5: Except for household pets, the rearing and housing of farm animals is prohibited on areas of less than ten (10) acres,provided, however, that the Board of Appeals may grant permission to rear and house farm animals, other than pigs, for non-commercial purposes, on areas of two (2) or more acres for limited periods of time. (Amended: Ord of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 62 �130.1004B Rural Residence Districts (Sec. 10.04B) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use Regulations (see Note #1) R-1 (2) R-lA (3) R-2 1. Minimum Lot Area - Residences 3 Ac. 2Ac. 1 Ac. 2. Minimum Lot Area - All other permitted and conditional uses 3 Ac. 3 Ac. 3 Ac. 3. Minimum Lot Width 300 Ft. 150 Ft. 150 Ft. 4. Maximum Ground Floor Coverage (GFC) 10% 10% 20% 5. Maximum Floor Area Ration (FAR) 0.10 0.10 0.20 6. Minimum Yards (see Note #2) -Front -Side -Corner -Rear 50 Ft. 30 Ft. 50 Ft. 50 Ft. 50 Ft. 30 Ft. 50 Ft. 50 Ft. 35 Ft. 20 Ft. 35 Ft. 30 Ft. 7. Maximum Height -Stories -Feet 2 1/2 35 Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. (1) 63 �( 130.1004B Rural Residence Districts (Sec. 10.04B)(Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use Note #1 : Lines and structures (not including buildings) of public utility companies shall be exempt from the area, placement, and height regulations of this Section. Note #2: See Section 11.17 for setback requirements along arterial roads and highways. (Amended: Ord. of 9-17-90; 9-17-90; 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 64 �( 130.1004C Urban Residence Districts (Sec. 10.04C) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. Regulations (see Note 1) (1) R-3 (2) R-3A A = Accessory Use (3) R-4 (4) R-5 (5) R-6 See Note2 (6) (7) R-7 See Note3 R-8 See Note3 (8) R-9 1. Minimum Lot Area 10,000 22,000 7,200 13,200 15 Ac. 2Ac. 5 Ac. 5 Ac. 2. Minimum Lot Area per 10,000 22,000 Sq. Ft. Sq. Ft. 7,200 Sq. Ft. 6,600 Sq. Ft. (per site see Note 2B) 5,500 Sq. Ft. 7,260 Sq. Ft. 5,445 Sq. Ft. 4,356 Sq. Ft. 3. Minimum Lot Area - all 22,000 22,000 other principal uses, Sq. Ft. Sq. Ft. 22,000 Sq. Ft. 22,000 Sq. Ft. 22,000 Sq. Ft. 22,000 Sq. Ft. 22,000 Sq. Ft. 22,000 Sq. Ft. 4. Minimum Lot Width 90 Ft. 60 Ft. 120 Ft. 200 Ft. (See Note 2C) 200 Ft. 200 Ft. 400 Ft. 5. Maximum Ground Floor 16% Coverage (GFC) 16% 16% 30% None 20% 20% 25% 6. Maximum Floor Area 30% 30% 30% None 30% 30% 35% Dwelling unit 70 Ft. 30% 65 �130.1004C Urban Residence Districts (Sec. 10.04C)(Continued) C = Conditional Use A= Accessory Use P = Permitted Use See last page of this Section for notes. Regulations (see Note 1) (1) R-3 (2) R-3A (3) R-4 (4) R-5 (5) R-6 (6) R-7 (7) R-8 See Note2 See Note3 See Note3 (8) R-9 7. Minimum Yards -Front (see Note 4) -Side -Comer -Rear 35 Ft. 10 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 10 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 5 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 10 Ft. 35 ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 15 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. (See Note2D) 35 Ft. 15 Ft. 50 Ft. 50 Ft. 35 Ft. 15 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 15 35 35 8. Maximum Height -Stories -Feet 2 1/2 35 Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. 2 1/2 35 Ft. 3 35 Ft. Note #1: Lines and structures (not including buildings) of public utility companies shall be exempt from the area, placement, and height regulations of this Section. Note #2(a): The minimum lot area shall apply to the parcel that comprises the mobile home park. 66 Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. �I 130.1004C Urban Residence Districts (Sec. 10.04C)(Continued) C = Conditional Use A= Accessory Use P = Permitted Use See last page of this Section for notes. Note #2(b) The minimum lot area per dwelling unit shall be the minimum required area of each mobile home site in a mobile home park. The minimum lot area per dwelling unit shall not include land area within rights-of-way of public streets; surface area of lake, ponds or wetlands; land within a 100 year flood way; or land within easements more than twenty (20) feet wide. Note #2(c): The minimum width of200 feet applies to the parcel ofland that comprises a mobile home park shall be measured along any public street on which the mobile home park abuts. The minimum frontage of each mobile home site on a street within the mobile home park shall be twenty (20) feet. Note #2(d): The yard requirement shall apply only to the parcel that comprises the mobile home park and to principal non-residential structures in the mobile home park. Note #3: Minimum distances between two or more multiple-family dwellings on lot are set forth in Section 11.20, herein. Note #4: See Section 11.17 for setback requirements along arterial roads and highways. (Amended: Ord of 4-14-86, 4-14-86; Ord of 9-17-90, 9-17-90; Ord. of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 67 �130.1004D Business Districts (Sec. 10.04D) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use (1) C-1 (2) 0 10,000 Sq. Ft. 20,000 Sq. Ft. 1 Ac. 1 Ac . 80 Ft. 100 Ft. 150 Ft. 150 Ft. 3. Maximum Ground Floor Coverage (GFC) 25% 25% 4. Maximum Floor Area Ratio (FAR) 0.60 0.60 35 Ft. 10 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 10 35 35 Regulations (see Note #1) 1. Minimum Lot Area with sanitary sewer without sanitary sewer 2. Minimum Lot Width with sanitary sewer without sanitary sewer 5. Minimum Yards (see Note 4) -Front -Side -Comer -Rear Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. 68 �130.1004D Business Districts (Sec. 10.04D)(Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A (1) = Accessory Use Regulations (see Note #1) C-1 (2) 0 6. Maximum Height -Stories -Feet 2 35 Ft. 3 35 Ft. 7. Transition Strip (see Note 2) 20 Ft. 20 Ft. 8. Landscape Strip (see Note 3) 25 Ft. 25 Ft. Note #1: Lines and structures (not including buildings) of public utility companies shall be exempt from the area, Placement, and height regulations of this Section. Note #2: A transition strip shall be required whenever any lot in a business district abuts a lot in any rural or residence district. Such a strip shall be provided along every lot line, except front lot lines, which abuts a lot in such district, shall not be included as part of the required yard, and shall be improved with a screen, wall, hedge or shrubbery which will reach a height of four (4) feet one year after planting. The strip shall be maintained in good condition. The Planning Commission shall have the authority to change the nature of, or reduce the required width of, or to waive completely, the requirement of a transition because of a probable change in land use or zoning of adjacent properties. Such determinations and reasons therefore shall be recorded in the minutes of the meeting at which the action is taken. Said transition strip shall comply with the requirements of Section 11.06 of this Ordinance. 69 �( ( 130.1004D Business Districts (Sec. 10.04D)(Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use Note #3: The landscape strip shall be provided along and adjacent to the front property line and shall extend across the entire width of the lot. Driveways may cross the strip but shall not occupy the strip. Note #4: See Section 11.17 for setback requirements along arterial roads and highways. 70 �r 130.1004E Industrial Districts (Sec. 10.04E)(Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use (1) R-D (2) 1-1 20,000 Sq. ft. 20,000 Sq. ft. 1 Ac. 1 Ac. 80 Ft. 80 Ft. 150 Ft. 150 Ft. 3. Maximum Ground Floor Coverage (GFC) 25% 30% 4. Maximum Floor Area Ratio (FAR) 0.50 0.60 35 Ft. 10 Ft. 35 Ft. 35 Ft. 50 Ft. 20 Ft. 50 Ft. 35 Ft. Regulations (see Note 1) 1. Minimum Lot Area with sanitary sewer without sanitary sewer 2. Minimum Lot Width with sanitary sewer without sanitary sewer 5. Minimum Yards (see Note 4) -Front -Side -Comer -Rear 71 �130.1004E Industrial Districts (Sec. 10.04E)(Continued) P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use See last page of this Section for notes. A = Accessory Use (1) R-D (2) 1-1 2 35 Ft. 2 35 Ft. 7. Transition Strip (see Note 2) 20 Ft. 25 Ft. 8. Landscape Strip (see Note 3) 20 Ft. 35 Ft. Regulations (see Note 1) 6. Maximum Height -Stories -Feet Note #1: Lines and structures (not including buildings) of public utility companies shall be exempt from the area, Placement, and height regulations of this Section. Note #2: A transition strip shall be required whenever any lot in a business district abuts a lot in any rural or residence district. Such a strip shall be provided along every lot line, except front lot lines, which abuts a lot in such district, shall not be included as part of the required yard, and shall be improved with a screen, wall, hedge or shrubbery which will reach a height of four (4) feet one year after planting. The strip shall be maintained in good condition. The Planning Commission shall have the authority to change the nature of, or reduce the required width of, or to waive completely, the requirement of a transition because of a probable change in land use or zoning of adjacent properties. Such determinations and reasons therefore shall be recorded in the minutes of the meeting at which the action is taken. Said transition strip shall comply with the requirements of Section 11.06 of this Ordinance. Note #3: The landscape strip shall be provided along and adjacent to the front property line and shall extend across the entire width of the lot. Driveways may cross the strip but shall not occupy the strip. Note #4: See Section 11.17 for setback requirements along arterial roads and highways. (Amended: Ord of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 72 �RESEARCH & RESEARCH APPLICATIONS ) �130.1005 Research and Research Applications District (RRA). Sec. 10.05. A. Intent. This district is intended to achieve the following objectives: To permit scientific, business, and industrial research operations, and related testing and production operations, in a spacious, campus-type environment devoid of nuisance factors commonly present in standard manufacturing districts; To permit production operations which, because of the nature of the technology involved, are so related to the research operations in the district as to make the research and production activities mutually dependent; or which are developmental in nature and are substantially dependent on frequent and close collaboration with research personnel working in research facilities in the district; To permit and encourage uses which support and complement permitted principal uses, or are vital to such uses and must be located close to them; To protect existing and planned uses in the vicinity of this district from spillover effects which might be created by uses in the district; To permit development in a planned, coordinated manner, according to an overall development plan for the district; To provide facilities and services necessary for the health, safety, welfare, and convenience of employees, customers, and visitors in the district; To encourage provisions of open space within the district, and to preserve natural features by incorporating them into the plan for the district; To help diversify the local economy, reduce unemployment, and expand the tax base of the Township; To prevent uses in the district from creating any dangerous, injurious, noxious, or otherwise objectionable condition which might result from fire, explosion, or radioactivity; noise or vibration; water or soil pollution; smoke, dust, odor, or other forms of air pollution; electrical materials; conditions conducive to the breeding of rodents or insects; or from any other substance, condition, or elements in a manner or amount as to adversely affect other uses in the district or in neighboring areas. 73 �130.1005 B. Location of an RRA District An RRA district shall be locate in areas of Ann Arbor Township designated in the Township's adopted General Development Plan as suitable and desirable for research and technology uses. A petition for an RRA district in all other locations shall either follow, or proceed simultaneously with, an amendment to the adopted General Development Plan. C. Pennitted uses. Uses in an RRA district shall be limited to those listed on the approved area plan, approved preliminary site plan, or approved final site plan, whichever is applicable. No other uses shall be permitted unless the applicable plans are amended in accordance with this Ordinance. Uses in an RRA district shall be selected from the following: 1. Permitted principal uses. a. Research, development, and testing facilities for industrial, scientific, and business establishments. b. Administrative, professional, and business offices of permitted principal uses; and corporate headquarters offices. c. Production of prototype products. d. Pilot plants for testing of manufacturing processes related to or resulting from other uses permitted in this district. e. Production facilities and operations with a high degree of scientific input, and determined to be an integral part of or essential to a permitted research operation. f. Manufacture of industrial controls; electronic components and accessories; measuring, analyzing and controlling instruments; photographic (except chemicals and sensitized materials), medical, and optical goods. g. Agricultural uses, as permitted in the A-1 district, but only as interim uses prior to development of land for the uses permitted herein. h. Transmission and distribution lines, pipelines, and structures of public utility companies. i. Fire, police, and ambulance stations; other public buildings. 74 �130.1005 2. Permitted accessory uses. a. Technical and business schools; recreation facilities, both indoor and outdoor; post office. b. Commercial, office, and service uses which are located, designed, and intended to support and complement permitted principal uses, such as retail shops; banks and other financial institutions; restaurants; transient lodging facilities; theaters, auditoriums, and meeting facilities; medical offices and facilities; data processing and computer centers; office and laboratory equipment services; and printing, publishing, and allied services; such permitted principal uses which will be served, or in service centers consisting of one or more buildings, designed with common drives, parking and loading areas, and landscaping. c. Uses incidental to and in support of permitted uses such as cafeterias and shops. Any such use shall be located on the lot of the principal use which it serves; shall be conducted primarily for the convenience of its own employees; shall be wholly within a building; and shall have no exterior advertising or display. d. Operations required to maintain or support any use permitted above, on the same lot as the permitted use, such as maintenance shops, power plants, and government facilities. e. Living quarters for security and maintenance personnel only within or integral with a principal building. D. Density re2J!lations. 1. For all uses except service centers: a. Ground floor coverage (GFC) for any lot shall not exceed 15 percent. b. Floor area ratio (FAR) for any lot shall not exceed 0.30. 2. For service centers, as permitted in Section 10.05C(2-b), herein: a. Ground floor coverage (GFC) shall not exceed 35 percent. b. Floor area ratio (FAR) shall not exceed 0.70. 75 �130.1005 E, Minimum area requirements. The minimum area of land for initial designation in this district shall be two hundred (200) acres. Any parcel of land, regardless of area, may be added to the initial land if contiguous thereto and if the area plan is amended accordingly. The minimum area of a lot within this district shall be five (5) acres. F, Required yards, 1. For all uses except service centers: a. A yard at least seventy-five (75) feet wide shall be required but a yard up to one hundred (100) feet wide may be required along an existing or future public street right-of-way. b. A yard at least seventy-five (75) feet wide shall be provided along any perimeter of this district which does not abut a public street, except where the adjacent property is designated by the Township's adopted General Development Plan for agricultural or residential uses, in which case the yard shall be at least one hundred (100) feet wide. c. The following minimum yards shall be provided for each lot which is not subject to the yard requirements of subsections (a and (b) preceding: Front Side, interior Side, comer Rear 75 feet 50 feet one side; 150 feet total 75 feet 75 feet 2. For service centers, as permitted in Section 10.05C(2-b), herein, the following minimum yards shall be provided: 75 feet Front Side, interior 50 feet Side, comer 75 feet 50 feet Rear 3. Larger minimum yards may be required at the time of preliminary site plan approval for a building exceeding three (3) stories or thirty-five (35) feet in height. The requirements shall be based on consideration of natural light, air circulation, solar access, and other effects on adjacent buildings or properties. 76 �130.1005 4. Minimum yard requirements shall apply to all buildings and structures, drives, and parking and loading areas. Drives may cross required yards. 5. The preceding yard requirements, except those in Section 10.05F(l-a), may be reduced as part of the approved preliminary site plan. The reduction shall be based on findings that topographic conditions, existing trees and other vegetation, proposed land grading and plant materials, or other existing or proposed site conditions perform the same function as the required yards. 6. All required yards shall be landscaped and adequately and permanently maintained. The yards required in Section 10.05F(l-b), herein, shall be landscaped and developed so as to function as a buffer between this district and abutting properties. G. Distance between buildings. The location of buildings and uses, and distances between buildings, shall be as shown on the preliminary site plan. Distances between buildings shall be sufficient to meet fire regulations, and to provide for natural light, air circulation, and solar access. H. Height limits. Height limit zones shall be delineated on the area plan. The zones shall be based on considerations of topography, natural light, air circulation, views, solar access, relation to neighboring buildings, and fire protection and safety. The proposed height of each building shall be shown on the preliminary site plan. No building shall exceed six (6) stories in height above grade. L Parkin~ and loadin~ reQuirements, Parking and loading facilities shall be provided in accordance with Article XII, herein, except that the size of parking spaces may be reduced to not less than nine (9) feet wide and eighteen (18) feet long, if approved as part of approval of the preliminary site plan. Notwithstanding requirements of Article XII, herein, the number of parking spaces required for office and research uses shall be based on the rate of one space for each three hundred (300) square feet of floor area. The number of parking spaces required may be reduced by the Planning Commission as part of its approval of a preliminary site plan. The reduction may be approved upon the petitioner showing, to the Planning Commission's satisfaction, that the number of spaces provided will be adequate. The Planning Commission may establish a maximum number of parking spaces which may be placed on a lot. Loading areas shall be screened from view from any street or property line. 77 �130.1005 J. Outdoor operations. Outdoor storage of vehicles, equipment, supplies, or products; outdoor processing, assembly, repair, or other operations; or outdoor display of goods, materials, products, equipment, or processes shall be prohibited. No display shall be permitted in a window or in any other location visible from a street or an adjacent lot except in a service center as permitted in Section 10.05C(2-b), herein. Trash and other waste materials shall be stored as provided in Section 11.03A herein, shall be screened from view from a street or adjacent lots, and shall not be located in a required yard. K. Landsca.pin~. Landscaping shall be provided in accordance with the approved final site plan for each lot. All parts of each lot not developed with buildings, drives, parking and loading areas, and similar improvements shall either be maintained in a natural state or shall be landscaped with grass or other ground cover, shrubbery, trees, bushes, vines, or other suitable plantings. Parking lots shall be landscaped so as to reduce heat and glare, to divide parking lots into smaller units, and to buffer adjacent areas, where necessary. All plantings shall be live and shall be properly and regularly maintained. Dead or dying materials shall be replaced in accordance with approved plans. L. Signs. Each road entry to this district and each lot in this district may have an identification sign as provided in Section 13.06, herein, except that such signs shall not exceed one hundred (100) square feet in area, and may be located in a required yard, but not less than one-half the required setback from a street or property line. Signs for a service center shall meet the requirements of a shopping center as provided in Section 13.06A herein. Billboards shall not be permitted in this district. M. Performance standards. 1. Intent. It is the intent of this sub-section to require that each permitted use shall be a good neighbor to adjoining properties by control of noise, odor, glare, vibration, smoke, dust, liquid wastes, radiation, radioactivity, etc. 2. Compliance. The performance standards set forth in sub-section 4 following shall be complied with and any use which fails to comply with the standards shall be in violation of this Ordinance and be subject to penalties as accorded by law. In case of conflict among these standards and Federal and State regulations, the most restrictive standard or regulation shall apply. The Ann Arbor Township Board may enforce any such standard or regulation. 78 �130.1005 3. Effects of concurrent operations. The sum of the effects of concurrent operations on two or more lots measured at any property line shall not be greater or more offensive to the senses than the standards contained herein. Compliance with the provisions of this sub-section by single or mutual changes in operational levels, scheduling of operations, and other adjustments is permitted. 4. Standards. a. Noise. Noise shall be measured on any property line of the lot on which the operation is located. Noise shall be muffled so as not to become objectionable due to intermittence, beat frequency, shrillness, or intensity. At the property line the sound pressure level of noise radiated continuously from a facility shall not exceed the values given in Tables 1 and 2 in any octave band frequency. The sound pressure level shall be measured with a Sound Level Meter and an Octave Band Analyzer that conform to specifications published by the American Standards Association. (American Standards Sound Level Meters for Measurement of Noise and Other Sounds, 224.3-1944, and American Standard Specifications for an Octave-Band Filter Set for the Analysis of Noise and Other Sounds, 224.10-1953, American Standards Association, Inc., New York, N.Y., shall be used.) 79 �130.1005 TABLE 1 Maximum permissible sound-pressure levels at specified points of measurement for noise radiated continuously from a facility. Frequency Band Cycles Per Second Decibel* Level 69 20-75 75-150 150-300 300-600 600-1,200 1,200-2,400 2,400-4, 800 4,800-10,000 10,000-20,000 20,000-30,000 30, 000-40, 000 40,000-50,000 54 47 41 37 34 31 28 26 25t 24t 23t *According to the following formula: Sound Pressure Level in Decibels equals 10 log Where P2 fl P2 = 0.0002 dynes/dm2. tTo avoid possible interference with animal experiments. If the noise is not smooth and continuous, one or more of the corrections in Table 2 shall be added to or subtracted from each of the decibel levels given above in Table 1. 80 �130.1005 TABLE2 Type of Operation or Character of Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise Correction in Decibels source operates less than 20% of any one-hour period source operates less than 5% of any one-hour period source operates less than 1 % of any one hour period of impulsive character (hammering, etc.) of periodic character (hum, screech, etc.) plus 5* plus 10* plus 15* minus 5 minus 5 *Apply one of these corrections only. b. Odors . Odors from any use shall not be discernible at the property line to a greater degree than odors from plants for the manufacture of electronic equipment. The values given in Table ID (Odor Thresholds) in the latest revision of Chapter 5, ''Physiological Effects,'' in the '' Air Pollution Abatement Manual,'' by the Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc., Washington, D.C., copyright 1951, shall be used as standard in case of doubt concerning the character of odors emitted. In such case the smallest value given in Table m shall be the maximum odor permitted. Detailed plans for the prevention of odors crossing property lines may be required before approval of a final site by the Planning Commission. c. Glare. Glare, whether direct or reflected, such as from floodlights, or high temperature processes, and as differentiated from general illumination, shall not be visible at any property line. d. Exterior lighting. Any lights used for exterior illumination shall direct light away from adjoining properties. e. Vibration. Vibration shall not be discernible at any property line to the human sense of feeling for three minutes or more duration in any one hour. Vibration at any time shall not produce at any time an acceleration of more than 0.1 gravities or shall not result in any combination of amplitudes and frequencies beyond the ''safe'' range of Table 7, United States Bureau of Mines Bulletin No. 442, '' Seismic Effects of Quarry Blasting,'' on any structure. The methods and equations of said Bulletin No . 442 shall be used to compute all values for the enforcement of this provision. 81 �130.1005 f. Smoke. Measurement shall be at the point of emission. The Ringelmann Smoke Chart published by the United States Bureau of Mines shall be used for the measurement of smoke. Smoke not darker or more opaque than No. 1 on said chart may be emitted except that smoke not darker or more opaque than No. 2 on said chart may be emitted for periods not longer than four (4) minutes in any thirty (30) minute period. These provisions, applicable to visible grey smoke, shall also apply to visible smoke of a different color but with an equivalent apparent opacity. The provisions of paragraph (g) following shall apply to smoke. g. Dust. Solid or liquid particles shall not be emitted at any point in concentrations exceeding 0.3 grains per cubic foot of the conveying gas or air. For measurement of the amount of particles in gases resulting from combustion, standard corrections shall be applied to a stack temperature of 500 degrees Fahrenheit and 50% excess air. The provisions of paragraph (k) following shall apply to dust. h. Gases. Fumes or gases shall not be emitted at any point in concentrations or amounts that are noxious, toxic, or corrosive. The values given in Table I (Industrial Hygiene Standards-Maximum Allowable Concentration for eight hour day, five days per week), Table m (Odor Thresholds), Table IV (Concentrations of Substances Causing Pain in the Eyes), and Table V (Exposures to Substances Causing Injury to Vegetation) in the latest revision of Chapter 5, ' 'Physiological Effects,'' that contains such tables, in the '' Air Pollution Abatement Manual," by the Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc., Washington, D.C., are hereby established as guides for the determination of permissible concentration or amounts. Detailed plans for the elimination of fumes or gases may be required before approval of a final site plan by the Planning Commission. The provisions of paragraph (k) following shall apply to gases. i. Hazard. Operations shall be carried on with reasonable precautions against fire and explosion hazards. j. Radiation. Operations shall cause no dangerous radiation, as specified by the regulations of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, at the property line. 82 �130.1005 k. Radioactivity. Operations shall cause no radioactivity at any property line in violation of Title 10, Chapter 1, part 20, Code of Federal Regulations, '' Standards for Protection Against Radiation, 11 dated January 16, 1957, or any subsequent revision or amendment thereof, and any applicable regulations of the State of Michigan. 1. Electrical radiation. Electrical radiation shall not adversely affect at any point any operations or any equipment other than those of the creator of the radiation. Avoidance of adverse effects from electrical radiation by appropriate single or mutual scheduling of operations is permitted. m. Waste. All sewage and industrial wastes shall be handled, stored, treated, and/or disposed of in compliance with all Federal and State of Michigan laws and regulations. N, Procedures and ~eneral provisions. 1. Petition requirements. a. Procedures. (1) A petition for this district shall be filed and processed as provided in Article XXV herein. The petition shall include an area plan and all information required in Section 25.04, herein. (2) At the public hearing the petitioner shall present evidence regarding the following characteristics of the proposed development: (a) The general character and substance; (b) Objectives and purpose to be served; (c) Compliance with all applicable Township ordinances, regulations, and standards; (d) Scale and scope of development proposed; (e) Development schedules; (f) Compliance with the adopted General Development Plan of Ann Arbor Township. 83 �130.1005 The Planning Commission may require that the petitioner provide information for the public hearing concerning economic feasibility of the proposed uses, community impact in terms of streets and traffic, schools, recreation facilities, and costs/revenues for the Township; and environmental analysis. Evidence and expert opinion shall be submitted by the petitioner in the form of maps, charts, reports, models, or other materials, and in the form of testimony by experts as will clearly state the full nature and extent of the proposal. Materials shall be submitted in sufficient quantity for public display and for review by the Planning Commission and other Township officials at least two weeks prior to the public hearing. (3) The Township Board shall attach appropriate conditions to its approval of a petition, including conditions concerning expiration dates, as provided in Section 10.05N(8), herein. b. Information required for area plan. (1) Density for each use area of the site. (2) Location, size, and uses of open space. (3) General description of the organization to be utilized to own and maintain common areas and facilities. (4) General description of covenants or other restrictions; easements for public utilities. (5) Description of the petitioner's intentions regarding selling or leasing of land. (6) Listing of all proposed uses. (7) General landscape concept showing tree masses to be preserved or added, buffer areas, and similar features. (8) Delineation of areas to be platted under the Subdivision Control Act. (9) Location and description of site; dimensions and areas. (10) General topography; soil information. (11) Scale, north arrow, date of plan. (12) Existing zoning of site; existing land use and zoning of adjacent parcels; location of adjacent buildings, drives, and streets. ( 13) General description of proposed water, sanitary sewer, and storm drainage systems. 84 �130.1005 (14) Existing natural and man-made features to be preserved or removed; location of existing structures, streets, and drives; location, width, and purpose of existing easements and proposed major easements. (15) All adjacent property in which the petitioner and owners of land in this district have any ownership interest. (16) Location, type, and land area of each proposed land use. (17) General location, function, surface width, and right-of-way of proposed public streets; general location and surface width of major private streets/drives. (18) Approximate number of parking spaces to be provided in each development area. (19) Location and area of each development phase; summary of land use information for each phase. c. Standards for petition review. In place of the findings required in Section 25.05 herein, the Planning Commission shall determine, and shall provide evidence of its determinations in its report to the Township Board, that the petition meets the following standards: (1) The proposed development shall conform to the adopted General Development Plan, or represent land use policy which, in the Planning Commission's opinion, is a logical and acceptable change in the adopted General Development Plan. (2) The proposed development shall conform to the intent and all regulations and standards of this district. (3) The proposed development shall be adequately served by public facilities and services such as but not limited to: streets, police and fire protection, drainage facilities, water and sanitary sewer facilities, refuse disposal, and sidewalks; or that the persons or agencies responsible for the proposed development shall be able to properly provide such facilities and services. 85 �130.1005 (4) Common open space, other common properties and facilities, individual properties, and all other elements are so planned that they will achieve a unified open space system, with open space and all other elements in appropriate locations, properly related to each other, the site, and surrounding lands. (5) Open space and common areas shall be irrevocably committed for that purpose. Provisions shall be made for financing of improvements shown on the plan for open space and other common areas, and proper maintenance of such improvements shall be assured. (6) The proposed development shall create a minimum disturbance to natural features and land forms. (7) Traffic to, from, and within the site will not be hazardous or inconvenient to the district or to the neighborhood. In applying this standard the Planning Commission shall consider, among other things: convenient routes for pedestrian traffic; relationship of the proposed project to main thoroughfares and street intersections; and the general character and intensity of the existing and potential development of the neighborhood. (8) Streets shall follow topography, be properly spaced, and be located and aligned in accordance with the intended function of each street. The property shall have adequate access to public streets. The plan shall provide for logical extensions of public streets and shall provide suitable street connections to adjacent parcels, where applicable. (9) Pedestrian circulation shall be provided within the site, and shall interconnect all use areas, where applicable. The pedestrian system shall provide for a logical extension of pedestrian ways outside the site and to the edges of the site, where applicable. (10) The Planning Commission shall determine, where applicable, that noise, odor, light, or other external effects which are connected with the proposed uses will not adversely affect existing or future adjacent and neighboring lands and uses. 86 �130.1005 d. Effect of approval of petition. Approval of the petition by the Township Board shall have the following effects: (1) Approval shall confer a right to the landowner(s) that the zoning regulations as they apply to the land in the petition shall not be changed within the time periods provided in Section 10.05N(7) and (8), herein. (2) Approval shall indicate acceptance of uses, layout of streets, densities, location and extent of open space, and all other elements of the area plan. (3) Approval shall authorize applications for review or preliminary site plans. (4) Approval shall authorize the applicant to file applications for review of preliminary plats for tentative approval. (5) No deviations from the area plan approved by the Township Board, or from any condition of approval, shall be permitted except through amendment or revision as provided herein. 2. Preliminary site plan requirements. A preliminary site plan shall be submitted for approval for each phase of development as delineated on the approved area plan. Preliminary site plans shall meet all applicable provisions of Article XXII, herein, and shall conform to the approved area plan and all conditions attached thereto. 3. Final site plan requirements. A final site plan shall be submitted for approval for each development shown on an approved preliminary site plan. Each final site plan shall meet all applicable provisions of Article XXII, herein. Final site plans shall conform to the approved area plan and to all conditions attached thereto, or to the approved preliminary site plan and all conditions attached thereto, whichever is applicable. 87 �130.1005 4 . Phasing. Development may be phased as delineated on the approved area plan, subject to the following requirements. a. A phase shall not be dependent upon subsequent phases for safe and convenient vehicular and pedestrial access, adequate utility services, and open spaces and recreation facilities. b. The Township Board, upon recommendation of the Planning Commission, may require that the development be phased so that tax and fee revenues resulting from such development will generally balance the expenditures required by public agencies to properly service that development; so that overloading of utility services and community facilities will not result; and so that the various amenities and services necessary to provide a safe, convenient, and healthful environment will be available upon completion of any one phase. The Planning Commission may require the petitioner to provide information necessary to properly and adequately analyze a petition for recommendation to the Township Board with respect to this requirement. c. Development shall be started and shall be diligently pursued in the manner and sequence shown on the approved area plan. 5. Common areas and facilities. a. The location, extent, and purpose of all common areas and facilities shall be identified on the area plan and on preliminary and final site plans. All such areas and facilities which are to be conveyed to any agency shall be identified accordingly on the final site plan(s). b. All public areas and facilities which are to be dedicated to a public agency shall be so dedicated prior to approval of a final site plan or a final plat, unless a binding agreement approved by the Township Attorney and Township Board is provided in lieu of dedication. 88 �130.1005 c. Legal instruments setting forth the manner of permanent maintenance of common areas and facilities shall be submitted to the Township Attorney for review before the Township Planning Commission approves a final site plan or the Township Board approves a final plat. 6. Amendment and revision. a. A developer may request a change in an approved area plan, an approved preliminary site plan, or an approved final site plan. A change in any approved plan which would result in a major change in the approved area plan shall require prior amendment of the approved area plan. All amendments shall follow the procedures herein required for original submittal and review of a petition. A change which results in a minor change shall require revision to the approved plan and approval by the Planning Commission. b. A request for a change in an approved plan shall be made in writing to the Planning Commission and shall clearly state the reasons therefor. The Planning Commission, upon finding such request reasonable and valid , shall so notify the applicant, in writing, of such finding, whether the change is major or minor, and of the procedure to be followed. Following payment of the required fee, the developer shall submit the required information to the Planning Commission for review. If the approved plan is to be amended, the Planning Commission shall promptly notify the Township Board. c. The following changes shall be considered major, for which amendment is required : (1) Change in concept of the development as shown on the approved area plan; (2) Change in use or character of the development as shown on the approved area plan; (3) Increase in total floor area as shown on the approved area plan, of over five percent (5%); (4) Increase in lot coverage or FAR for the total development as shown on the approved area plan, of more than one percent (1 %); 89 �130.1005 (5) Rearrangement of land use areas as shown on the approved area plan; (6) Change in the character or function of any street; (7) Reduction in land area set aside for common open space, as shown on the approved area plan, or relocation of such area(s); (8) Increase in building height above the limits established in the area plan; (9) Change in the boundaries of the district and area plan. d. A developer may request approval of minor changes in any approved plan. The Planning Commission shall notify the Township Board and other applicable agencies of its approval of minor changes. e The following changes shall be considered minor: (1) An increase in total floor area, as shown on the approved area plan, of five percent (5 %) or less; (2) Minor variations in layout which do not constitute major changes; (3) An increase in lot coverage or FAR for the total development , as shown on the approved area plan, of one percent (1 %) or less; (4) A change in phasing of development. f. The Planning Commission shall have the authority to determine whether a requested change is major or minor, in accordance with this section. The burden shall be on the applicant to show good cause for any requested change. 90 �130.1005 7. Expiration of approvals . a. The Township Board may, at any time following five (5) years after the date of approval of the petition, or such later time as might be specified in the conditions of approval, change the zoning classification of any or all parts of this district to one or more zoning districts as deemed appropriate by the Township Board. The Township Board may make such changes whether or not development is completed and shall follow all requirements of Article XXV, herein. b. Preliminary and final site plans shall expire as provided in Article XXII, herein. 8. Conditions ; expirations of approvals . The Township Board shall include, as a condition of approval, expiration dates as set forth in this Section, or such later expiration dates as the Township Board may approve . 9 . Extension of time limits . Time limits set forth in this Section may be extended upon showing of good cause, and by written agreement between the applicant and the Township Board, in the case of area plans, and upon Planning Commission approval , in the case of preliminary and final site plans. 10. As-built drawings. As-built drawings shall be provided in accordance with Article XXII, herein. 11 . Performance guarantees. Guarantees to assure completion of site improvements shall be provided in accordance with Article XXII, herein. 12. Continuing applicability of regulations. The location of all uses and structures, the kinds of uses, all yards and buffer strips, and all other information regarding uses of properties as shown on an approved area plan, and on site plans and plats approved subsequently thereto, and all conditions of approval, shall have the full force and permanence of the 91 �130.1005 Zoning Ordinance, as though such regulations were specifically set forth in the Zoning Ordinance. Such regulations shall be the continuing obligation of any subsequent interest in the land in this district, and shall not be changed except as approved through amendment or revision procedures as set forth herein. 13 . Violations. Violations of any plan approved under this Section or failure to comply with any requirement of this Ordinance, including conditions attached to an approved plan, shall be considered a violation of this Ordinance, as provided in Sections 20.10 and 22.13, herein. 92 �OFFICE PARK DISTRICT �130.1006 Office Park District (OP). Sec. 10.06. A. Intent. This district is intended to achieve the following objectives: To permit offices in a low density, spacious, campus environment. To permit and encourage uses that support and complement the principal uses that are permitted in this district, or are vital to such uses and must be located close to them. To protect existing and future uses in the vicinity of this district from spillover effects that might be created by uses in this district. To permit development in a planned, coordinated manner, according to an overall development plan for the district. To provide facilities and services that are necessary for the health, safety, welfare, and convenience of employees, customers, and visitors in an office park. To encourage provision of open space and preservation of natural features in an office park . To help diversify the local economy, expand employment opportunities and expand the tax base of Ann Arbor Township. B. Location of an OP district. An OP district shall be located in areas of Ann Arbor Township that are designated in the Township's adopted General Development Plan for office uses. A petition for an OP district in all other locations shall either follow, or proceed simultaneously with, an amendment to the adopted General Development Plan. C, Pennitted uses, Uses in an OP district shall be limited to those uses that are identified on the approved area plan, approved preliminary site, or approved final site plan, whichever is applicable. No other uses shall be permitted in the OP district unless the applicable plans are amended in accordance with this ordinance. Uses that will be permitted in an office park shall be selected from the following list. 93 �130.1006 1. Permitted principal uses. a. Administrative, business, professional and governmental offices. b. Uses listed as "Permitted Uses" in the A-1 district. c. Transmission and distribution lines, pipelines, and structures of public utility companies. d . Fire, police and ambulance stations . e. Medical and dental clinics. 2. Permitted accessory uses. a. Recreation facilities, indoor and outdoor. b . Service uses, such as barber shops, beauty shops, gift shops, dry cleaning and laundry pick up stations, wearing apparel sales and alterations, financial services, photographic services, and similar uses, intended primarily for patronage by employees in the office park but with a need for additional sales to the people not employed in the office park, shall be permitted, provided the uses are located entirely within buildings containing a principal use and their total floor area shall not exceed two percent of the total floor area existing in the office park with valid certificates of occupancy. c. Living quarters for personnel employed on a farm located in an office park district. d . Day care facilities for children of employees in the office park only. e. Conference, seminar, and business training facilities. f. Helicopter landing/take-off pads and related facilities. g . Research and product development facilities. h. Radio and television receiving and transmitting facilities. i. Display facilities. 94 �130.1006 j. Food services, intended primarily for patronage by employees in the office park, shall be permitted without limitation on their total floor area, provided the uses are located entirely within buildings containing principal uses, and any such food service shall not be advertised or promoted in any way for patronage by persons not employed in the office park. k. Operations and related buildings and structures required to maintain the grounds of an office park, or to maintain and support the permitted principal and accessory uses, such as maintenance shops, power plants, and storage buildings. D, Density re2J.Ilations, The following regulations shall apply to the entire land area within an office park, less any area within public street rights-of-way existing on the filing date of the petition to rezone the land to office park. Density regulations for individual lots shall be as shown on the area plan part of the approved office park zoning district. 1. The ground floor coverage (GFC) shall not exceed 10 percent. 2. The floor area ratio (FAR) shall not exceed 0.10. E, Minimum area requirements. The minimum area of land for initial designation in this district shall be 200 acres. Any parcel of land, regardless of area or dimension, may be added to the initial land if contiguous thereto and if the approved area plan is amended accordingly. The minimum area of a lot within this district shall be 5 acres. F, Required yards. 1. A yard at least 75 feet wide shall be required along an existing or future public street right-of-way. 2. A yard at least 75 feet wide shall be provided along a perimeter of this district that does not abut a public street, except where the adjacent property is designated by the Township's adopted General Development Plan for residential use, in which case the yard shall be at least 100 feet wide. 95 �130.1006 3. The following minimum yards shall be provided for each lot that is not subject to the yard requirements of subsections F-1 and F-2, preceding : Front Side, interior Side, comer Rear 75 feet 50 feet 75 feet 50 feet For purposes of this section, a parcel of land that is described only for purposes of financing of building construction shall not be subject to these yard requirements, provided development of the parcel so described shall be consistent with the area plan part of the approved office park zoning district. 4. A building that is more than three floors or 35 feet high shall be set back from any lot line not less than the distances required in Section 10.06F-1 through F-3, preceding, or not less than the following distances, whichever result in the greater setbacks: a. Not less than one foot for each foot of building height from a street line; b. Not less that 1. 5 feet for each foot of building height from an interior side or rear lot line. 5. Minimum yard requirements shall apply to all buildings and structures, drives, and parking and loading areas. Drives may cross required yards. 6. The preceding yard requirements, except those in subsections F-1, and F-4 may be reduced as part of the approved preliminary site plan. The reduction shall be based on findings that topographic conditions, existing trees or other vegetation, proposed land grading or plant materials, or other existing or proposed site conditions will perform the same function as the required yards . 7. All required yards shall be landscaped, and shall be adequately and regularly maintained. The yards required in subsection F-2, preceding, shall be developed and landscaped so as to function as a buffer between this district and abutting properties . 96 �130.1006 G, Distances between buildin~s. The permitted distances between buildings shall be as shown on the preliminary site plans, and shall be sufficient to meet fire regulations, and to provide for natural light, air circulation and solar access. H . Hei~ht limits . 1. No building shall exceed a height of three floors or 35 feet unless a height exemption is approved by the Township Board as part of the area plan. The Planning Commission shall include a recommendation on the exemption in its report to the Township Board on the petition and area plan. 2 . The exemption shall be based upon the following standards: a. The building height shall be based on an overall design concept for the office park. b. The building shall be properly related to the topography of the site and neighboring sites. c. The building shall not interfere with natural light, air circulation, and solar access of neighboring buildings or properties; with views from neighboring buildings or properties; and with aircraft flight patterns. d. Parking areas for the building shall be designed and landscaped with due consideration for the visual amenities of the site and the office park. e. The building height and location shall have been reviewed by the Ann Arbor Township Fire Marshal and a report thereon supplied to the Planning Commission. 3. Not more than one building that exceeds three floors or 35 feet in height shall be permitted on a lot. 4 . Height limit zones shall be shown on the area plan. The proposed height of each building shall be shown on the preliminary site plan and shall not exceed the height limit established in the approved area plan, including height exemptions approved under this section. 97 �130.1006 I. Parkin2 and loadin2 requirements, Parking and loading facilities shall be provided in accordance with Article 12, herein, except that the size of parking spaces may be reduced to not less than 9 feet wide and 18 feet long, if approved as part of approval of the preliminary site plan. Notwithstanding requirements of Article 12, herein, the number of spaces required for office and accessory service uses shall only be based on the rate of one space for each 300 square feet of office floor area. The number of parking spaces for all other uses, including medical and dental clinics, shall be provided in the number required for such uses in Article 12. The number of parking and loading spaces required may be reduced by the Township Board, upon the petitioner's showing that the proposed number of spaces will be adequate and a recommendation from the Township Planning Commission, as part of the Board's approval of the rezoning petition. Parking spaces shall be provided only in surface parking lots or in underground structures; above ground parking structures shall not be permitted in an office park district. The total number of surface parking spaces provided shall not exceed a rate of one space for each 300 square feet of total floor area in the office park, but in no case shall surface parking be provided in areas not shown for such use in the area plan part of the approved office park zoning district. Loading areas shall be screened from view from any street or property line. J, Outdoor operations. Outdoor storage of vehicles, equipment, supplies, or products; outdoor repair, or outdoor display of goods, materials, products, equipment, or processes shall be prohibited. Trash and other waste materials shall be stored as provided in Section 11.03A herein, shall be screened from view from a street or adjacent lots, and shall not be located in a required yard. K. Landscapin2. Landscaping shall be provided in accordance with the approved final site plan for each lot. All parts of each lot not developed with buildings, drives, parking and loading areas, and similar improvements shall either be maintained in a natural state or shall be landscaped with grass or other ground cover, shrubbery, trees, bushes, vines, or other suitable plantings. Parking lots shall be landscaped so as to reduce heat and glare, to divide parking lots into smaller units, and to buffer adjacent areas, where necessary. All plantings shall be live and shall be properly and regularly maintained. Dead or dying materials shall be replaced in accordance with approved plans. L, Si2ns. Signs shall comply with the regulations in Article 13, herein, except that the following regulations shall apply, notwithstanding the provisions in Article 13: 1. Sign setbacks shall not be less than one-half the required yards. 98 �130.1006 2. One freestanding identification sign for the office park shall be permitted along each public road frontage, including freeways, of the park. The area of each sign shall not exceed 80 square feet. 3. One freestanding identification sign, not more than 36 square feet in area, shall be permitted for each building, structure, or use area within the office park. 4. Outdoor advertising signs shall not be permitted in this district. M. Procedures and 2eneral provisions. As set forth in Section 10.05N (RRA zoning district) of this zoning ordinance. (Added : Ord. of 2-3-84, 2-3-84; amended: Ord. No. 88-2, 7-11-88; Ord. of 9-17-90, 9-17-90) 99 �--------- �ARTICLE XI 130.1100 SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRICT REGULATIONS 130.1101 Intent. Sec . 11.01 . Schedules of specifications, regulations, and standards governing land uses have been incorporated into this Ordinance for each zoning district. There are, however, at times, unusual conditions attendant upon land uses and zoning classifications which justify elaboration of the application of these specifications, regulations and standards. 130.1102 Public sanitary sewage treatment and disposal system. Sec. 11 .02 . In addition to the requirements established by the Michigan Department of Health, the following site development and use requirements shall apply to all public sewage treatment and disposal plants : A . All operations shall be completely enclosed by a fence not less than six (6) feet high . B. All operations and structures shall be surrounded on all sides by a buffer strip at least two hundred (200) feet wide within which grass, trees and shrubs, and structural screens shall be placed to enhance the appearance of the installation. The Township Planning Commission shall have the authority to review and approve the design and treatment of all buffer strips. C . No device for the collection, treatment, and/or disposal of sewer wastes shall be installed or used without approval of the Washtenaw County Health Department or Michigan Department of Health, where appropriate. 130.1103 Storage of materials. Sec. 11.03. The following provisions shall apply: A . Garbage, trash, and similar refuse to be stored outside a building in an R-5, R-6, R-7, R-8, R-9, and all Business and Industrial Districts shall be stored within containers approved by the Washtenaw County Health Department and said containers shall be stored within a screened enclosure. The enclosure shall be constructed of an opaque material, such as wood, concrete blocks, or brick, and shall be enclosed on at least three (3) sides. The fourth side may be open for access or access may be provided by one or more gates. The storage area shall have a concrete floor at least four (4) inches thick. 100 �130.1105 B. The location or storage of abandoned, discarded, unused, unusable, or inoperative appliances, furniture, equipment, or materials (but not including inoperative vehicles), shall be regulated as follows, except for junkyards, in which case the regulations set forth in Section 11.08, herein, shall apply. 1. On any lot or parcel in any recreation-conservation, agricultural, residential, commercial, or office district, the owner or tenant shall locate and store such materials within a completely enclosed building. Such storage shall be for future transfer to other premises and shall not be for the purpose of hire or sale. 2. On any lot or parcel in any wholesale and warehouse, research and development, or industrial district, the owner or tenant shall locate and store such materials: a. Within a completely enclosed building, where required; or b. Where outdoor storage is permitted, within an area surrounded by a solid, unpierced fence or wall at least seven (7) feet in height and not less in height than the materials located or stored therein, and not closer to the lot lines than the minimum yard requirements for said districts. Such storage shall be for future transfer to other premises and shall not be for the purpose of hire or sale. Cross reference(s)--Refuse Collection service, Pt. 72. 130.1104 Parking and storage of vehicles. Sec. 11.04. All automotive vehicles or trailers without current license plates, except recreation vehicles, which shall be regulated as set forth in Section 11.11, herein, shall not be parked or stored in any district in Ann Arbor Township other than in completely enclosed structures, unless otherwise permitted herein. 130.1105 Preservation of environmental quality. Sec. 11.05 . The following provisions shall apply: A. In any zoning district no river, stream, water course, or drainage way, whether filled or partly filled with water or dry in certain seasons, shall be obstructed or altered in any way at any time by any person, except when done in conformance with State and Federal law and standards. 101 �130.1106 B. No person shall alter, change, transform or otherwise vary the edge, bank, or shore of any lake, river, or stream except as provided in the Inland Lakes and Streams Act, Act 346 of the Public Acts of 1972. C. No person shall drain, remove, fill, change, alter, transform or otherwise vary the area, water level, vegetation, or natural conditions of a marsh, swamp, or wetland of one (1) acre or larger, except after receiving approval of a site plan therefor from the Planning Commission in accordance with Article XXII, ' 'Site Plan Review, 11 herein. Any such alterations shall conform to applicable State and Federal requirements. 130.1106 Transition strip. Sec. 11.06. A. A transition strip, when required by this Ordinance, shall be provided in accordance with this Section. Where permitted, a decorative wood screen or masonry wall, four (4) to six (6) feet high, may be substituted for the transition strip if the Planning Commission determines that such screen or wall will equal the performance of the transition strip and where such lot is too limited in dimension or area to reasonably permit the installation of such strip. A hedge may also be substituted for a transition strip, provided that it will obtain a height of at least three (3) feet at the end of the first growing season, and if the Planning Commission determines that such hedge will equal the performance of the transition strip. A screen, wall, hedge, or strip shall be adequately maintained at all times. · B. The transition strip shall be landscaped with living plant materials; such materials shall be planted within six (6) months of the date of issuance of the certificate of occupancy. C. A security deposit, where not provided as part of performance guarantees required elsewhere herein, shall be deposited with the Township Clerk until such time as the transition strip is planted. The transition strip shall be installed within the time required or the Township Board shall be authorized to use said funds to install the transition strip . 102 �130.1107 In all cases, however, the Township Board shall be authorized to withhold 10 percent (10%) of the security deposit for a period of two (2) years from the date of issuance of the certificate of occupancy, to insure that dead or dying nursery stock shall be replaced. Excess funds, if any, shall be returned to the depositor upon completion of the two (2) year period. It shall be the responsibility of the property owner to maintain the transition strip for its original purpose. 130.1107 Automobile service and repair stati.ons. Sec. 11.07. In addition to other regulations set forth in this Ordinance, all automobile gasoline service and repair stations and other automotive service and repair facilities shall conform to the following requirements: A. Sidewalks shall be separated from vehicular parking or circulation areas by curbs, wheel stops, or traffic islands. The portion of the property used for vehicular traffic shall be separated from landscaped areas by a curb. B. The entire area used for vehicle service shall be paved. C. Hydraulic hoist, service pits, lubricating, greasing, washing and repair equipment and operations shall be located within a completely enclosed structure. D. The maximum widths of all driveways at the right-of-way lines shall be no more than thirty (30) feet. E. The angle of a driveway intersection with the street from the curb line to lot line shall be not less than sixty (60) degrees. F. The distance of any driveway from any property line shall be at least twenty (20) feet, measured at the tangent points of the drive edge and the street curb return. G. The distance between curb cuts shall be no less than forty (40) feet, measured between the tangent points of the drive edges and the street curb returns. H. Outdoor storage of trash, including new or discarded vehicle parts, shall be contained within a solid, unpierced enclosure. 103 �130.1108 I. Storage of vehicles rendered inoperative, either through damage or disrepair or any other cause, and vehicles without current license plates, shall be limited to a period of not more than thirty (30) days, and then only for the purpose of temporary storage pending transfer to a junkyard. Such storage shall not be sold or advertised for sale on the premises. J. Sales of used cars and other motorized vehicles shall be prohibited. 130.1108 Junkyards. Sec. 11.08. In addition to other regulations set forth in this Ordinance, all junkyards shall confonn to the following requirements: A. The junkyard shall be located on a public arterial street, or equivalent major public street as defined in the adopted General Development Plan. B. Travel routes for trucks entering and leaving the junkyard shall be shown on a map of the Township at the time of application for the conditional use permit. Such routes except arterial streets or their equivalent shall not pass through residential areas. C. A site plan shall be provided at the time of the conditional use permit application and shall meet all requirements of Article XXII, "Site Plan Review," herein. The site plan shall also contain a description of the location and nature of any material processing operations to be conducted within the junkyard, and the location and nature of equipment for such operations. D. Junk materials shall be stored in organized rows with open intervals at least twenty (20) feet wide between rows for purposes of fire protection access and visitor safety. E. Junk materials shall not be stored in piles higher than the top of the fence surrounding the junkyard. Automobiles, trucks, and other vehicles shall not be stacked so as to prohibit fire protection and to protect the safety of visitors. F. The junkyard shall be maintained in such a manner as to present the breeding or harboring of rats, insects, or other vermin. G. The junkyard, when established and located within one thousand (1,000) feet of any existing residential district, as measured on a straight-line distance, shall not be open for business and shall not operate at any time other than between the hours of 7 :00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays; between 7:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon on Saturdays, and shall not be open for business or otherwise operate on Sundays or legal holidays. 104 �130.1108 H . Burning shall be prohibited except within an enclosed incinerator, and only if the burning operation and incinerator are approved by the Township Fire Chief, or other designated fire official, the Township Building Inspector, and the County Health Department. I. All flammable liquids contained in automobiles and other vehicle shall be drained from same immediately after such vehicles are brought to the junkyard. Such liquids are to be stored in containers approved by the Township Fire Chief, or other designated fire official, the Township Building Inspector, and the County Health Department. J. All drives, parking areas, and loading-unloading areas shall be paved, oiled, watered , or chemically treated so as to limit nuisances caused by windborne dust on neighboring properties and public roads. K. There shall be not more than one (1) entrance way from each public street which adjoins the junkyard. L. Fencing shall be required as follows: 1. A solid, screen-type fence or wall at least seven (7) feet high as measured from grade at each post in the case of a fence, or at ten (10) foot intervals in the case of a wall, shall be provided along each public street frontage. The fence or wall shall be located on the rear line of the required front yard . Gates shall also be made of solid, opaque material. The front yard shall be landscaped and continuously maintained as a lawn. 2 . Where the junkyard is adjacent to a rural, rural and urban residence, business, or R-D district, a solid, screen-type fence or wall, at least seven (7) feet high as measured in Section 1 l .08L(l) preceding, shall be provided on any side or rear property line or portion thereof, adjoining such lots. 3. Where the junkyard is adjacent to a lot in the 1-1 district, a chain-link fence six (6) feet high as measured from grade level at each fence post shall be provided on any side or rear property line or portion thereof, adjoining such lots . 4. Strips of metal , plastic, or other materials inserted into wire fences shall not fulfill the requirements of Section 1 l .08L (1) and (2) of this Ordinance. 105 �130.1110 M. Wrecking and processing operations are permitted in a junkyard but shall be described in the application for the conditional use permit. Cross reference(s)--Junkyard ordinance, Pt. 15. 130.1109 Drive-in theaters. Sec. 11.09. In addition to other regulations set forth in this Ordinance, all drive in theaters shall conform to the following requirements: A. Drive-in theaters shall be enclosed for their full periphery with a solid, screen-type fence or wall at least seven (7) feet in height. Fences and walls shall be of sound construction, painted or otherwise neatly and inconspicuously finished. B. All fences or walls shall be set back at least one hundred (100) feet from any front street or front property line, with the area between the fence and the street or front property line to be landscaped and continuously maintained as lawn. C. All ingress or egress shall be on a public arterial street or equivalent public major street as defined in the adopted General Development Plan. All traffic movement shall be accommodated within the site so that entering and exiting vehicles will make normal and uncomplicated movements between the site and the public streets. All points of entrance or exit for vehicles shall be located no closer than five hundred (500) feet from the intersection of any two (2) streets or highways. D. A site plan shall be approved in accordance with Article XXIl, "Site Plan Review," herein. 130.1110 Commercial kennels. Sec. 11.10. A commercial kennel shall be subject to the following requirements: A. The minimum lot size shall be ten (10) acres. B. Structures or pens shall not be located less than three hundred (300) feet from a public right-of-way or less than one hundred (100) feet from a side or rear lot line. C. The kennel shall be established and maintained in accordance with all applicable County and Township sanitation regulations. D. A site plan shall be approved in accordance with Article XXIl, "Site Plan Review," herein. 106 �130.1112 E. The kennel owner shall obtain a Conditional Use Permit from the Township, and a kennel license from Washtenaw County . 130.1111 Storage of recreational equipment. Sec . 11. 11. Recreation vehicles, boats and boat trailers, snowmobiles, trailcycles, all terrain vehicles, and similar equipment, and trailers, cases, and boxes used for transporting recreational equipment, whether occupied by such equipment or not, shall not be parked or stored in front of the front building line or any vacant lot in a residence district, provided, however, that such equipment may be parked anywhere in a driveway or parking area on residential premises for a period not to exceed seventy-two (72) hours during loading or unloading. Such equipment shall not be used for living, sleeping, or housekeeping purposes when parked or stored on a residential lot, or in any location not approved for such use. Storage of such equipment, when permitted in a commercial district as a principal use of a lot, shall be located behind all required lot lines with all required yards to be landscaped and properly and regularly maintained. The storage area shall have a gravel or paved surface, treated regularly to prevent erosion and blowing of dust. The storage area shall be fenced for security purposes, by at least a six (6) foot high cyclone-type fence. 130.1112 Quarries. Sec. 11.12. The removal of soil, including top soil, sand, gravel, stone, and other earth materials shall be subject to the following conditions: A. There shall be not more than one (1) entrance way from a public road to said lot for each six hundred and sixty (660) feet of front lot line. Said entrance shall be located not less than five hundred (500) feet from an intersection of two (2) or more public roads . B. Such operations shall be permitted only between the hours of 7:00 a .m . and 6:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, and between 7:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon on Saturday. Operations shall not be permitted on Sunday or legal holidays, except by special permit from the Planning Commission. C. On said site no digging, stockpiling, excavating or equipment storage and repair shall take place closer than one hundred (100) feet from any lot line, and three hundred (300) feet from an existing residence zoning district. Stockpiles of stripped topsoil shall be seeded with grass or other plant materials and shall be prevented from eroding onto other properties. 107 �130.1112 D . On said lot all roads, driveways, parking lots, and loading and unloading areas within one hundred (100) feet of any lot line shall be paved, oiled, watered, or chemically treated so as to limit the nuisance caused by windborne dust on adjoining lots and public roads. E. Each operator shall be held responsible for all public roads upon which trucks haul materials from the quarries to keep those roads in a driveable condition at least equal to that which existed prior to the beginning of quarrying operations; and to keep the roads dust-free and to clean any and all spillage of material and dirt, rock, mud, and any other debris carried onto the roads by these trucks or other equipment. F. Any noise, odors, smoke, fumes, or dust generated on said lot by any digging, excavating, loading, or processing operation and borne or able to be borne by the wind shall be confined within the lines of such lot as much as possible so as not to cause a nuisance or hazard on any adjoining lot or public road . G. Such removal shall not be conducted so as to cause the pollution by any material of any surface or sub-surface watercourse or body outside of the lines of the lot on which such use shall be located, or of any existing body of water located within the premises. H . Such removal shall not be conducted so as to cause or threaten to cause the erosion by water of any land outside of said lot or of any land on said lot so that earth materials are carried outside of the lines of said lot. Such removal shall not be conducted so as to alter the drainage pattern of surface or sub-surface waters on adjacent property. In the event that such removal shall cease to be conducted, it shall be the continuing responsibility of the owner(s) and the operator(s) thereof to assure that no erosion or alteration of drainage patterns shall take place after the date of the cessation of operation as specified in this paragraph. I. All fixed equipment and machinery shall be located at least one hundred (100) feet from any lot line and five hundred (500) feet from any existing residence zoning district. In the event the zoning classification of any land within five hundred (500) feet of such equipment or machinery shall be changed to a residential classification subsequent to the operation of such equipment or machinery, the operation of such equipment or machinery may continue henceforth but in no case less than one hundred (100) feet from any lot line adjacent to said residence district. A fence of not less than six (6) feet in height shall be erected around the periphery of the area being excavated. Fences shall be adequate to prevent trespass. 108 �130.1112 J. All areas within a quarry shall be rehabilitated progressively as they are worked out or abandoned to a condition of being entirely lacking in hazards, inconspicuous, and blended with the general surrounding ground form so as to appear natural. K. The applicant shall submit a plan for the use of the property during mining operations at the time of application for the permit. The plan shall provide the following information: 1. Boundary lines of the property; dimensions and bearings of the property lines, correlated with the legal description; 2. Aerial photo, showing property and adjacent areas, location and outline of wooded areas, streams, marshes, and other natural features; 3. Existing site improvements such as buildings, drives, wells, and drain fields; 4. Existing topography at contour intervals of two (2) feet; 5. Extent of future mining areas and depth thereof; 6. Location and nature of structures and stationary equipment to be located on the site during mining operations; 7. Location and description of soil types; 8. An estimate of the kind and amount of material to be withdrawn from the site and the expected termination date of mining operations; 9. Description of all operations to be conducted on the premises, such as, but not limited to, digging, sorting, and washing operations, and the type, size, and nature of equipment to be used with each operation; 10. Location and width of drives, sight distances; land widenings on public roads at intersections of same with drives; 11. Tree areas and other natural features to be retained; 12. Description of pollution and erosion control measures; 109 �130.1112 13. Certified statement by a qualified engineer, with supporting data and analyses, concerning expected impact on the water table and water supply wells in the vicinity of the site; and 14. Map showing truck routes to and from the site. L. The applicant shall file a plan for restoring the site to a safe, attractive, and usable condition. The plan shall be filed with the application for the conditional use permit and shall provide the following information: 1. Boundary lines of the property, dimens1ons and bearings of the property lines, correlated with the legal description; 2. Location and extent of all natural features to be retained during mining operations; 3. Contour lines at intervals of two (2) feet of the proposed restored surface, clearly showing connection to existing undisturbed contour lines; 4 . Schedule and areas of progressive rehabilitation; 5. Proposed ground cover and other plantings to stabilize the soil surface and to beautify the restored area; 6. Sketch plan of the proposed use of the site when restored; and 7. Description of methods and materials to be used in restoring the site. M. The applicant shall provide security deposits, in the form and amounts recommended by the Township Board and acceptable to the Planning Commission, to guarantee restoration of the site and to cover the costs of the Township Engineer in certifying conformance. N. The applicant shall provide a security deposit when required by the Township Planning Commission, to maintain and replace public roads traversed by trucks associated with the mining operation. The security shall be deposited with the Washtenaw County Road Commission in the form and amount required by the Road Commission. 110 �--------- �130.1114 0 . The applicant shall provide a date for completing the quarry operation, such date to be based upon the estimated volume of material to be extracted and an average annual extraction rate . The conditional use permit shall not be issued for a period to exceed five (5) years . Any extension of operations beyond that date shall require a new conditional use permit, which shall be applied for and processed as provided in this Zoning Ordinance upon proof by the applicant that restoration of the site has begun. P. Travel routes for trucks entering and leaving the pit shall be shown on a map of the Township at the time of application for the conditional use permit. Such routes, except arterial streets or their equivalents, shall not pass through residential areas. Q. Only equipment owned or leased by the operator of the quarry and used in the operations of the quarry shall be stored overnight or for longer periods anywhere on the premises of the quarry . Storage of any other equipment on the premises shall be prohibited . R. Potable water supply and sanitary sewage disposal systems shall be approved by the County Health Department before a conditional use permit shall be issued . S. Concrete, cement, or asphalt production shall not be allowed as part of a quarry operation unless located in a district which allows such use. 130.1113 Residential cluster development. Sec. 11 .13 . Deleted March 21, 1994. 130.1114 Mobile home parks. Sec. 11.14. A, Sale of mobile homes. The business of selling new and/or used mobile homes as a commercial operation in connection with the operation for mobile home development shall be prohibited. New or used mobile homes located on lots within the mobile home development to be used and occupied on that site may be sold by a licensed dealer and/or broker. This section shall not prohibit the sale of a used mobile home by a resident of the mobile home development provided the development permits the sale. 111 �130.1114 B. Commercial and service establishments. Commercial and service establishments may be permitted in a mobile home park, provided all the following requirements are met: 1. The establishments are of such nature, size, and location within the mobile home park so as to serve only residents within the mobile home park. 2. The establishments are designed, improved, and locate to protect the character of the mobile home park and the surrounding neighborhood. 3. Similar facilities and services are not conveniently available in the neighboring area. C. Si2ns. Signs shall be permitted in a mobile home park in accordance with the following regulations: 1. Not more than one identification sign, not exceeding 18 square feet in area, shall be permitted at each principal vehicular entrance to the mobile home park. 2. Not more than one sign, not exceeding six square feet, stating "Vacancy" or "No Vacancy" or similar terminology shall be permitted at each principal vehicular entrance to the mobile home park. 3. One identification sign, not exceeding 18 square feet in area, shall be permitted for each principal building for a non-residential use permitted in this district as a permitted or conditional use. D. Yards. Yards required along the perimeter of a mobile home park and principal non-residential structures of a mobile home park (Section 10.04C-7 herein) may be used to satisfy site area and spacing requirements for individual dwellings, but shall not contain carports, recreation shelters, storage shelters, any other structures, parking spaces, or active recreation areas. Drives may cross, but shall not occupy, required yards. E. Distances from a mobile home unit. The following minimum distances shall be provided and maintained from a mobile home unit, and shall be measured from the face, side, and back of the mobile home unit. If the mobile home has an attached or add-on structure, the applicable distances shall be rpeasured from the face, side, and back of the attached structure. 112 �130.1114 1. 20 feet between mobile home units or attached structure of another mobile home used for living purposes . 2. 10 feet from an on-site parking space on an adjacent site. 3. 10 feet from an attached or detached structure or accessory which is not used for living purposes. 4 . 10 feet from an attached accessory structure that is not used for living purposes. 5 . 50 feet from any permanent building. 6. 10 feet from the edge of an internal road. 7. 20 feet from the right-of-way line of a public street within the mobile home park. 8. 7 1/2 feet from a parking bay. 9. 7 feet from a common pedestrian walkway. F. Attachment of mobile home structures. Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 1 l.14E, preceding, two or more mobile home units may be attached along common walls if these walls contain no windows, doors or other openings, and are constructed to meet standards issued by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. G. Attachment of accessory structures, Notwithstanding the requirement of Section 11 . 14E, preceding, carports, recreation shelters, storage buildings and similar accessory structures on adjacent sites may be attached across site lines, provided they do not impede visibility at intersections of streets or of driveways with streets, or increase fire hazards. H. Maximum hei~ht of structures, The maximum height of structures in a mobile home park shall be as follows : 1. Principal structures--35 feet. 113 �130.1114 2. Accessory structures--15 feet . The height of storage buildings on individual mobile home sites shall not exceed the lesser of 15 feet or the height of the mobile home . I. Parkin~ reQ.Uirements. 1. Notwithstanding any conflicting requirement in this ordinance, a minimum of two parking spaces shall be provided for each mobile home site. The minimum number of parking spaces for conditional uses permitted in a mobile home park may be reduced to 2/3 the number required for such uses as set forth in Article XII, herein, as part of the conditional use permit approval. 2. The required parking spaces for a mobile home site may be provided either on the mobile home site or in parking bays within 100 feet of the site. 3. Additional parking facilities shall be provided as follows: a. For storage of maintenance vehicles. b. At the office location for office visitors. c. For general visitor parking, at the ratio of one (1) parking space for every three mobile home sites in the park, in a convenient location with respect to the mobile home sites served thereby. J. Streets. 1. Vehicular access to a mobile home park shall be provided by at least one hard surface public road. 2. Only streets within the mobile home park shall provide vehicular access to individual mobile home sites within the mobile home park. 3. Two-way streets within a mobile home park shall have a minimum width of 21 feet where no parallel parking is permitted, 31 feet where parallel parking is permitted along one side of the street, and 41 feet where parallel parking is permitted along both sides of the street. 4. It is the intent of this ordinance to discourage one-way streets in a mobile home park. If one-way streets are to be provided, each such street shall serve not more than 30 mobile home dwelling units. The minimum width of a 114 �130.1114 one-way street shall be 13 feet where no parallel parking is permitted, 23 feet where parallel parking is permitted along one side, and 33 feet where parallel parking is permitted along both sides. 5. A dead end street shall have a turning area adequate for turning of Ann Arbor Township fire fighting vehicles, and shall have a maximum length of 300 feet, measured to the center of the tum-around area. If turning circle is used, it shall have a minimum outside radius of 50 feet. K, Water and sanitary sewer services. Each mobile home unit, and every building that has plumbing facilities, within a mobile home park, shall be connected to Ann Arbor Township water and sanitary sewer lines, where available, or where not available, to facilities approved by the Michigan Department of Public Health and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. L. Outdoor stora2e, Common storage areas for the storage of boats, motorcycles, recreation vehicles, and similar equipment may be provided in a mobile home park, but shall be limited to use only by residents of the mobile home park. The location of such storage area shall be shown on the preliminary site plans required herein. No part of such storage area shall be located in any yard required on the perimeter of the mobile home park. Such storage area shall be screened from view from adjacent residential properties. M. Site constructed buildin2s, All buildings constructed on site within a mobile home park shall be constructed in compliance with the Michigan State Construction Code. Any addition to a mobile home unit that is not certified as meeting the standards of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development for mobile homes shall comply with the Michigan State Construction Code. Certificates and permits shall be required as provided in Article XX, herein. A final site plan shall be approved prior to construction of any principal structure, not including mobile home units, in accordance with Article XXII, herein. N. Television antennas. Exterior television antennas on individual mobile home units are prohibited. 0. Placement of a mobile home unit. 1. It shall be unlawful to park a mobile home unit so that any part of such unit will obstruct any road or pedestrian walkway within a mobile home park. 115 �130.1114 2. A building permit shall be issued by the Township Building Inspector before a mobile home may be placed on a site in a mobile home park. P . Occupancy. A mobile home in a mobile home park shall not be occupied until all required approvals have been obtained from the State of Michigan. Q. Required site plan review. Construction of a mobile home park shall require prior approval of a preliminary site plan by the Township Planning Commission. For the purposes of this section only, a preliminary site plan shall include all information required in Sections 22.03B and 22.04B, herein, except subsections 11, 12, 13, 17, 21, 23, and 26 of Section 22.04B, which shall not be required. In addition, the preliminary site plan shall show the location and size of proposed water, sanitary sewer, and storm sewer lines and appurtenances; location and type of waste water treatment facilities in the mobile home park; location of water supply wells for the mobile home park; location of fire hydrants; points of connection to Township water and sanitary sewer lines ; proposed drainage patterns; location and outline of storm water retention ponds; and the location of proposed electricity, telephone, and other cable lines outside the mobile home park. (Amended: Ord . of 4-14-86, 4-14-86; Ord . of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 116 ��130.1115 PUD regulations. Sec. 11.15. A. Location of a PUD. A PUD shall be located in areas of Ann Arbor Township that are determined by the Township Board to be suitable and desirable for such development, upon recommendation by the Township Planning Commission. In making its recommendation, the Planning Commission shall find that the location of a proposed PUD is consistent with Township policy, as expressed in the adopted General Development Plan, or represents land use policy that is a local and acceptable change in adopted policy. B. District re~Iations. 1. General. All uses, structures, and properties shall comply with all regulations in Article X, "Schedule of District Regulations," herein, and with all other regulations and requirements of this Zoning Ordinance, except as provided in this Section. 2. Minimum lot area. The minimum lot area to be developed under the regulations of this Section shall be twenty (20) acres, provided, however, that the minimum lot area may be waived by the Township Board if the parcel in question has certain unique characteristics such as, but not limited to, significant topographic change, significant trees or wooded areas, wet lands or poor soil conditions on portions of the property, water courses or utility easements crossing the parcel, unusual shape or proportions, and isolation from other undeveloped or developable lands. In such case, the applicant shall submit information to the Township Board to support the request for a waiver of the minimum lot size requirements. The Township Board shall consider the request and act thereon, and shall inform the applicant of the action in writing. The request for a waiver and the Township Board's action shall be made prior to the applicant's submittal of application for a PUD district classification. The Township Board shall not consider any request for a waiver in the twenty (20) acre minimum until it has received a recommendation from the Planning Commission on said request. 3. Permitted Uses. a. Uses permitted in a PUD district shall be consistent with the uses designated in the general development plan. 117 �130.1115 b. A residential area, designated on an area plan or final site plan, may contain one or more types of dwelling units, provided that such combination of dwelling unit types will not interfere with orderly and reasonable platting of an area, if such area is to be platted. c. Multiple-family dwelling units may be located in buildings containing, or intended to contain, commercial and/or office activities, provided that commercial uses shall be permitted only on the first, ground, or main floor, however defined. Dwelling units shall not be permitted on any floor on which commercial and/or offices are located or intended to be located. d . Home occupations shall not be permitted in any dwelling unit, including a mobile home unit, other than a single-family detached dwelling unit. Each such dwelling unit shall be subject to the home occupation regulations in Section 3. 09, herein. 4. Density regulations. a. The maximum permitted residential density for a PUD district shall not exceed the average residential density for the area included in the PUD as shown on Ann Arbor Township's adopted General Development Plan. b . The maximum ground floor coverage (GFC) shall not exceed twenty percent (20 %) . c. The maximum floor area ratio (FAR) shall not exceed 0.35 . d. Land areas to be used in calculating gross densities, ground floor coverages, and floor areas as provided in this Section shall each be delineated on the area plan, preliminary site plan, where applicable, and final site plan, so that the acreage and density computations can be confirmed . e . The land area used for calculating gross residential density shall include the total residential land area designated on the area plan or final site plan, less any area within existing and proposed street rights-of-way. 118 �130.1115 f. The horizontal surface area of lakes, streams, ponds (natural, man-made, or storm water retention), marshlands, and similar areas may be included in the acreage used for calculating gross residential density if fifty percent (50 %) of the frontage of such areas are part of lands devoted to parks and open space used for and accessible by residents of the PUD. g. GFC and FAR calculations for residential structures shall be based upon the acreage designated for gross residential density. GFC and FAR calculations for non-residential uses shall be based upon land areas including acreage for private drives, parking and loading areas, open spaces around structures, landscape areas, and similar areas , but not including acreage in existing public street rights-of-way . h. Land once used to provide acreage sufficient to meet density regulations in a project within a PUD shall not again be used to compute density in another project unless the gross and net densities, GFC, and FAR of the subject project and all previous projects are maintained at or less than the limits established in the approved area plan. i. The Planning Commission may exclude land with slopes of fifteen percent ( 15 %) or steeper from the gross residential land area if such land is not usable for residential or recreation/open space purposes . j . Top decks of underground parking structures may be included in the land area used in density calculations if such area is fully landscaped and is not used for circulation and parking of vehicles. k . The GFC and FAR for the PUD shall include assumed ground floor area and total floor area for the single-family detached dwelling units proposed in the PUD. Such assumed floor areas shall be listed in the required calculations . 5 . Yards . a. A yard fifty (50) feet wide shall be provided along the perimeter of the PUD district fronting on a public street. 119 �130.1115 b. A yard twenty (20) feet wide shall be provided along the perimeter of the PUD district not fronting on a public street. Such yard shall be designed and landscaped as a buffer strip; parking lots and driveways shall not be permitted in such yard, except that drives may cross such yard. c. A yard at least thirty-five (35) feet wide shall be provided along the right-of-way of a major public collector street proposed within the PUD, and a yard fifty (50) feet wide shall be provided along the right-of-way of a public arterial street proposed within the PUD. d. A landscaped yard at least ten (10) feet wide shall be provided between a parking lot of five (5) or more spaces and a property line within the PUD, and twenty (20) feet from the perimeter property line of the PUD, except when adjacent to a public street right-of-way line, existing or proposed, in which case the preceding setbacks shall apply. e. A transition strip at least twenty (20) feet wide shall be required in accordance with the provisions of Section 11. 06 on any commercial or office site when adjacent to a residential area, school site, park, and similar areas. Such strips shall be landscaped with trees, shrubs, mounds, ground covers, and other materials. f. The preceding yard requirements, except those in Sections 1 l .15B(5) (a) and (b), herein, may be reduced or waived when approved by the Township Board upon recommendation of the Planning Commission. The reduction or waiver shall be justified by the applicant and shall be based upon findings that topographic conditions, existing trees and other vegetation, proposed land grading and plant materials, or other site conditions perform the same functions as the required yards. Such reductions or waivers shall be clearly shown on the approved area plan. g. All required yards shall be landscaped and adequately and permanently maintained by the property owner, tenant, or organization responsible for maintaining common areas as provided in Section 11.15H, herein. 120 �130.1115 6. Distances between buildings . a. Any single-family dwelling structure shall be located at least ten (10) feet from any other single-family dwelling structure unless structurally attached thereto. b. The location of buildings and uses and the distances between buildings shall be clearly shown on the area plan and shall control the development and continued use of the property. c. Distances between the buildings shall conform to the requirements of Section 11.20 of this Ordinance. 7. Height. There are no height regulations in the PUD district, provided that any buildings exceeding a height of two and one-half (2 1/2) stories or thirty-five (35) feet shall be approved as to specific height by the Township Board upon recommendation from the Planning Commission. Approval shall be based upon findings regarding light, air circulation, views, airport flight patterns, and recommendations from the Township Fire Chief regarding fire protection and safety. 8. Circulation and access. a. Each lot or principal building in a PUD district shall have vehicular access from a public street or from a private street approved by the Township Board, upon recommendation from the Planning Commission, as part of an area plan. b. Each lot or principal building in a PUD shall have pedestrian access by a public or private sidewalk, and bicycle access by a bicycle path, where determined by the Township Board to be necessary for public safety and convenience, upon recommendation of the Township Planning Commission. c. Standards of design and construction for public and private streets within the PUD may be modified as deemed appropriate to adequately provide the anticipated service required. Right-of-way standards may also be modified, especially where the area plan provides for the separation of pedestrian and vehicular patterns and adequate off-street parking facilities. Any modification of proposed public streets shall meet the approval of the Washtenaw County Road Commission. 121 �130.1115 d. Public and private streets shall be designed and constructed according to established standards for public streets, except that such standards may be modified as provided in Sub-Section (c), preceding. If, in the future, private streets in a PUD are to be dedicated to a public agency, the owners shall first fully agree to bear the full expense of reconstruction or any other action required to make streets suitable for public acceptance. e. An individual dwelling unit in any single-family, two-family townhouse, mobile home, or similar residential structure shall not have direct access to a collector or arterial street. 9. Utilities . a. Each principal building in a PUD district shall be connected to sanitary sewerage and water facilities as required in Section 3.13, herein. b. Each site in a PUD district shall be provided with adequate storm drainage. Open drainage courses and storm water retention ponds may be permitted by the Township Board upon recommendation by the Planning Commission as part of the area plan. c. Electrical, telephone, and cable television lines shall be underground , provided, however, that distribution lines may be placed overhead after approval of the location of the lines and poles by the Township Board, upon recommendation of the Planning Commission as part of the area plan. Surface-mounted transformers and similar equipment for the underground wires shall be shown on the final site plan and shall be landscaped and screened from view. 10. Open space regulations. a. Buildings , parking lots, drives, and similar improvements may be permitted in open space areas if related and necessary to the functions of the open space. Other buildings and improvements shall be prohibited therefrom. b. Open space areas shall be conveniently and equitably located throughout the PUD in relation to the location of dwelling units and natural features. 122 �130.1115 c. Open space areas shall have minimum dimensions which, in the Planning Commission's opinion, are usable for the functions intended and which will be maintainable. d . The Township Board may require, upon recommendation of the Planning Commission, that natural amenities such as ravines, rock outcrops, wooded areas, tree or shrub specimens, unique wildlife habitats, ponds, streams, and marshes be preserved as part of the open space system of the PUD. 11 . Staging. Development within a PUD district may be staged as delineated on the approved area plan. Staging shall be subject to the following requirements: a. Any stage containing commercial and/or office uses shall have a residential land area containing at least three (3) times the land area in the commercial/office use. b . A phase shall not be dependent upon subsequent phases for safe and convenient vehicular and pedestrian access, adequate utility services, and open spaces and recreation facilities, and shall be capable of substantial occupancy, operation, and maintenance upon completion of construction and development of that phase. c. The Township Board, upon recommendation of the Planning Commission, may require that development be staged so that Township, school district, and county property tax revenues resulting from such development will generally balance the expenditures required by public agencies to properly service that development so that serious overloading of utility services and community facilities will not result, so that the various amenities and services necessary to provide a safe, convenient, and healthful residential environment will be available upon completion of any one phase. The Planning Commission may require the applicant to provide housing and commercial market analyses, traffic studies, and other information necessary for the Commission to properly and adequately analyze a PUD project for recommendation to the Township Board with respect to this requirement. d. The Planning Commission may require, as part of a final site plan review of a stage, that land shown as common open space on the approved area plan be held in reserve as part of a stage to be developed, in order to guarantee that density limits for the entire PUD as shown on 123 �130.1115 the approved area plan will not be exceeded when the subject phase is completed. Such reserved land may be included in subsequent phases if the density regulations will not be exceeded upon completion of that phase or if other land is similarly held in reserve. e. No building permits shall be issued for any commercial or office use in a PUD until building permits have been issued for at least one hundred (100) dwelling units or one-quarter of the total number of units in the approved area plan, whichever is less. 12. Parking and loading requirements. The parking and loading requirements set forth in Article XII, "Off-Street Parking and Loading Regulations," herein, shall apply except that the number of spaces required may be reduced in a PUD if approved by the Township Board, upon recommendation of the Planning Commission, as part of the area plan. Such reduction shall be justified by the applicant and shall be based upon a finding that sufficient parking will be available through sharing of spaces by different uses, that the parking requirement is excessive for the type of use proposed, that walk-in trade for commercial centers will reduce parking demand, or similar factors. 13. Continuing applicability of regulations. The location of all uses and buildings, all mixtures and allocations of uses, all yards and transition strips, and all other information regarding use of properties as shown on or as part of an approved area plan, and an approved final site plan, shall have the full force and permanence of the Zoning Ordinance as though such regulations were specifically set forth in the Zoning Ordinance. Such statements shall be the continuing obligation of any subsequent interests in the PUD or parts thereof and shall not be changed or altered except as permitted in this Article or except as approved through formal amendment procedures as set forth in this Article. The approved plan(s) and any documents attached thereto shall control any subsequent planning or development at any particular stage in the process. A parcel of land that has been classified as a PUD district by the Township Board shall not thereafter be developed or used except in accordance with the approved area plan and preliminary and final site plans approved subsequent thereto. 124 �130.1115 14. Construction. No construction, grading, tree removal, soil stripping, or other site improvements or changes shall commence, and no permit shall be issued therefor, on a lot with or under application for a PUD classification, until the requirements of this Section have been met. C. Pre-application conference. 1. A potential applicant for a PUD district classification shall request a pre-application conference with Township officials prior to filing an application. The request shall be made to the Planning Commission Chair, who shall set a date and shall inform the Township Supervisor, Clerk, and Treasurer, and other Planning Commission members of the conference and invite their attendance. The Planning Commission Chair shall also invite other officials who might have an interest in the proposed development, or who might assist the Township in the review process, such as but not limited to Township consultants, County Road Commission Engineer, County Health Department, County Drain Commissioner, and County Planning staff. 2. The purpose of the meeting is to inform Township and other officials of the concept of the proposed development and to provide the potential applicant with information regarding land development policies, procedures, standards, and requirements of the Township and other agencies in terms of the proposed development. To this end, the applicant is encouraged to present schematic plans, site data, and other information that will explain the proposed development. 3. Statements made in the conference shall not be legally binding commitments . D. Area plan requirements. 1. Procedure for petition and area plan approvals. a. Application for a PUD district classification shall be for an amendment to the Official Zoning Map and approval of an area plan. An application for a PUD district classification for a parcel of land may be made by the owner(s) of record or by any person(s) acting on behalf of the owner(s) of record of the subject parcel. The applicant shall have a substantial interest in the subject property prior to filing for a PUD district classification; said filing shall be in the name of and signed by all owners. The applicant shall provide evidence of full ownership of all land in a PUD, such as legal title or execution of a binding sales 125 �130.1115 agreement, prior to approval of the petition and area plan by the Township Board. b. The application shall be filed with the Township Clerk who shall transmit the petition and the area plan to the Planning Commission Secretary. The application must be filed at least two (2) weeks prior to the Planning Commission meeting at which it is first to be considered. Fees shall be paid to the Township Treasurer; no transmittals shall be made unless the required fees have been paid in full. c. Upo receipt of the petition and plan from the Clerk, the Planning Commiss n shall undertake a study of the same and shall complete said study wi · ninety-five (95) days of receipt by the Planning Commission. The Planning Commission shall advise the applicant in writing of any commended changes in the area plan as are needed to conform to the r lations and standards of this Ordinance. r d. The Planning Co ·ssion shall, at the meeting at which it receives the petition and area pl from the Clerk, establish a public hearing on the petition and area plan, aid hearing to be held within thirty-one (31) days of the date received by e Planning Commission. The Planning Commission shall give notice the public hearing as required in Section 25 .03B, herein. e. At the public hearing the applicant shall present evidence regarding the following characteristics of the proposed development: (1) General character and substance; (2) Objectives and purpose to be served; (3) Compliance with regulations and standards; (4) Scale and scope of development proposed; (5) Development schedules; and (6) Compliance with the adopted General Development Plan of Ann Arbor Township. ··126 �Article XI 130.1115 - Planned Unit Development. Section 11.15, Subsection D.1 Procedure for petition and area plan approvals, Subsection~ c. and d. are amended to read as follows: · · "c. Upon receipt of the petition and plan from the Clerk, the Planning Commission shall undertake a study of the same and shall complete said study within one hundred thirty-five (135) days after the date on which the Planning Commission sets the public hearing described ind. below. The Planning Commission shall advise the applicant in writing of any recommended changes in the area plan as are needed to conform to the regulations and standards of this Ordinance. d. The Planning Commission shall establish a date for a public hearing on the petition after confinning that the petitioner has provided all information and paid all fees required by this Ordinance. The Township Clerk, as designee of the Planning Commission shall give notice of the public hearing as required in Section 25.03B, herein." 5 �130.1115 The Planning Commission may require the petitioner to provide information at the public hearing concerning economic feasibility of proposed uses; community impact; and environmental impact. To this end, factual evidence and expert opinion shall be submitted by the applicant in the form of maps, charts, reports, models, and other tangible materials, and in the form of testimony by experts such as lawyers, architects, engineers, realtors, professional community planners, and economists as will clearly state for the record the full nature and extent of the proposal. Tangible materials shall be submitted in sufficient quantity for review by the Planning Commission and other officials. f. The report to the Township Board shall contain the Planning Commission's analysis of the petition and area plan, findings regarding standards, recommended conditions of approval, and recommendations for action. g. Following the public hearing and recommendation of the Planning Commission, the Planning Commission shall transmit a copy of the petition and area plan to the Washtenaw County Metropolitan Planning Commission for its review and comment to the Township Board in accordance with Act 184, P.A. 1943. h. The Township Board shall review the petition and area plan application and the Township and County Planning Commission reports thereon, and shall approve, deny, or table for further consideration, the petition and area plan. Changes in the zoning amendment or area plan desired by the Township Board shall be referred to the Township Planning Commission for review and recommendation prior to the Board action thereon. i. If the petition and area plan are approved by the Township Board, the applicant shall review the petition and area plan in their approved form . The applicant and all owner(s) of record or the legal representative of the owner(s) of record of all property included within the PUD shall then sign an agreement that the approved petition and area plan, and the conditions of approval, shall be binding upon the applicant and owner(s) of record and upon their heirs, successors, and assigns . The petition and area plan shall not be officially approved nor may the applicant submit a preliminary site plan, where applicable, or a final site plan for the lot or 127 �130.1115 any part thereof, until said agreement has been signed as required herein and has been received by the Township Clerk. j. Within three (3) days of the official approval of the petition and the area plan by the Township Board, the Township Supervisor shall accurately note, and the Township Clerk shall attest, the PUD district designation for the lot in question on the Official Zoning Map, in accordance with Section 3. 02C, herein. k. The approved area plan and signed agreement shall be recorded by the petitioner with the Washtenaw County Register of Deeds, within ten (10) days of the date of approval of the petition and the area plan by the Township Board. The petitioner shall immediately provide a certified copy of the recorded documents to the Ann Arbor Township Clerk. I. The Township Board may enforce any or all provisions of the approved area plan and agreement, and conditions of approval, against the petitioners, owners, successors, assigns, or agents. m. Performance guarantees to assure compliance with the approved area plan and conditions of approval may be required by the Township Board at the time of approval of the area plan. Guarantees to assure completion of site improvements shall be provided in accordance with Article XXII, "Site Plan Review," herein. 2. Area plan for PUD of eighty acres or less and for PUD of more than eighty acres . a. An area plan for a PUD consisting of eighty (80) acres or less shall contain all the information required for a preliminary site plan as set forth in Section 22.03, herein, and the following information: (1) Density of use for each use area of the site; (2) Location, size, and uses of common open space; (3) General description of the organization to be used to own and maintain common open space; (4) General description of covenants, grants, easements, or other restrictions to be imposed upon land or buildings, including 128 �130. 1115 easements for public utilities, by-laws, and articles of incorporation for any home owners' association, cooperative association, or minimum association; (5) Description of applicant's intentions regarding selling or leasing of all or portions of land in the PUD and of dwelling units; (6) Description of all proposed non-residential uses, including types of stores and offices; (7) General landscape concept showing tree masses to be preserved or added, mounds, and similar features; (8) Delineation of areas to be subdivided under the Subdivision Control Act; and (9) Average initial sales prices of dwelling units for sale and/of average initial rents of rental dwelling units. b. An area plan for a PUD consisting of more than eighty (80) acres shall contain the information as required in Section l 1.15D(2) (al) through (a9), preceding, and the following information: (1) Location and description of site; dimensions and area; (2) General topography; soil information; (3) Scale; north arrow; date of plan; (4) Location, type, and land area of each land use; density of dwelling units (dwelling units per acre); type of dwelling units; (5) Location, use, and size of open areas and recreation areas; (6) General location and right-of-way width of proposed public streets; general location and surface width of major private streets/drives; (7) General location of proposed parking areas and approximate number of spaces to be provided in each area; 129 �130.1115 (8) General delineation of areas of intended cutting or filling; existing natural features to be preserved or removed; location of existing structures, streets, and drives; location and purpose of existing easements; (9) Adjacent land uses; (10) Location and area of each development phase; summary of land use information as required in Subsection 4 preceding for each phase; and ( 11) General description of proposed water, sanitary sewer, and storm drainage systems. 3. Standards for petition and area plan review. The Planning Commission shall determine and shall provide evidence of same in its report to the Township Board, that the petition and area plan meet the following standards: a. The proposed development shall conform to the adopted General Development Plan or any part thereof, or represents land use policy which, in the Planning Commission's opinion, is a logical and acceptable change in the adopted General Development Plan. b. The proposed development shall conform to the intent and to all regulations and standards of the PUD district and of the Zoning Ordinance. c. The proposed development shall be adequately served by public facilities and services such as: highways, streets, police and fire protection, drainage courses, water and sanitary sewer facilities, refuse disposal, or that the persons or agencies responsible for the proposed development shall be able to provide in a manner acceptable to the Township Board, any such facilities and services. d. The common open space, any other common properties, individual properties, and all other elements of the PUD are so planned that they will achieve a unified open space and recreation area system with open space and all other elements in appropriate locations, suitably related to each other, the site, and the surrounding land. 130 �130.1115 e. The applicant shall have made provision, satisfactory to the Board, to assure that those areas shown on the plan for use by the public or by occupants of the development will be or have been irrevocably committed for that purpose. Provision, satisfactory to the Board, shall have been made to provide for the financing of any improvements shown on the plan for open space areas, and common use areas which are to be included within the development, and that maintenance of such improvements is assured by a means satisfactory to the Board. f. The location of the proposed uses, layout of the site, and its relation to streets giving access to it, shall be such that traffic to, from, and within the site and assembly of persons in connection therewith, will not be hazardous or inconvenient to the project or the neighborhood. In applying this standard the Commission shall consider, among other things, convenient routes for pedestrian traffic, particularly of children, relationship of the proposed project to main thoroughfares and street intersections, and the general character and intensity of the existing and potential development of the neighborhood. g. The mix of housing unit types and densities, and the mix of residential and non-residential uses shall be acceptable in terms of convenience, privacy, compatibility, and similar measures. h. Where applicable, the Commission shall determine that noise, odor, light, or other external effects from any source whatsoever, which is connected with the proposed use, will not adversely affect adjacent and neighboring lands and uses. i. The proposed development shall create a minimum disturbance to natural features and land forms. j. Streets shall follow topography, be properly spaced, and be located and aligned in accordance with the intended function of each street. The property shall have adequate access to public streets. The plans shall provide for logical extensions of public streets and shall provide suitable street connections to adjacent parcels, where applicable. 131 �130.1115 k. Major pedestrian circulation shall be provided for within the site, and shall interconnect all residential areas, community areas, and commercial and other services where applicable. The pedestrian system shall provide a logical extension of pedestrian ways from outside the site and shall provide pedestrian connections to the edges of the site, where appropriate. 4. Effect of approval of petition and area plan. Approval of the petition and area plan by the Township Board shall have the following effects: a. Approval shall confer a right to the applicant, for a period of three (3) years from the date of approval, that existing zoning regulations as they apply to the land included in the petition, and the area plan, shall remain unchanged , provided that required subsequent planning and/or construction are diligently pursued in accordance with the approved area plan within this time period. b. Approval of an area plan shall indicate the Township Board's and Planning Commission's acceptance of uses, building location in the case of a PUD of eighty (80) acres or less in area, layout of streets, dwelling unit count and type, floor areas, densities, and all other elements of the area plan. c. Approval of an area plan of eighty (80) acres or less in area shall authorize the applicant to file an application for final site plan approval for all or any phase of the development shown on the approved area plan. Final site plans shall not be required of any area which is to be platted for single-family detached residential use. Such approval shall also authorize construction to begin on- site improvements such as streets and drives , parking lots, grading, installation of utilities, and building foundations, provided the Township Board gives permission for such construction after recommendation by the Planning Commission. Grading , tree removal, and other changes in the existing topography and natural features shall be limited to the minimum required to permit construction as authorized in this Subsection. Construction shall be limited to those elements whose location, size, alignment, and similar characteristics will not require review as part of a final site plan or any plat. Engineering plans and specifications shall be approved, and performance guarantees shall be provided as required by Section 11.15M, herein, "Performance Guarantees," before such construc~ion may commence. 132 �130.1115 d. Approval of an area plan of more than eighty (80) acres shall authorize the applicant to file a preliminary site plan on each phase of the proposed development as delineated on the approved area plan. No construction shall begin within any phase until after a preliminary site plan is approved as required herein and only in accordance with Section 33.03E, herein. e. Approval of an area plan by the Township Board shall authorize the applicant to file a preliminary plat for tentative approval in accordance with the Subdivision Control Act (Act 288, P.A. 1967) and the Township's Subdivision Control Ordinance for all or parts of the areas included within the PUD which are to be platted. f. No deviations for the area plan approved by the Township Board shall be permitted except as provided in this Article. E, Preliminary site plan reQ.Yirements. A preliminary site plan shall be submitted for approval for each phase of development as delineated on the approved area plan, only for PUDs consisting of more than eighty (80) acres of land area. The preliminary site plan shall be submitted and reviewed, and shall meet all provisions of Section 22.03, "Preliminary Site Plan," herein. In addition to these provisions, the preliminary site plans shall conform to the approved area plan. F, Final site plan requirements. A final site plan shall be approved for each phase of a PUD as delineated on the approved area plan. Each final site plan shall be submitted and reviewed, and shall meet all provisions of Section 22.04, "Final Site Plan," herein. The Planning Commission shall transmit the approved final site plan to the Township Board for its information. G. Subdivision plats, 1. A preliminary plat for all or part of a PUD may be submitted for review and approval following approval of the PUD area plan by the Township Board. 2. The Township Board shall have the authority to deny or table an application for tentative approval of a preliminary plat if, in its opinion and after a report thereon from the Planning Commission, such plat will result in premature development of the area involved or will result in improper scheduling of various public improvements such as, but not limited to, roads, utilities, and schools. 133 �130.1115 3. A preliminary or final site plan shall not be required for any parts of a PUD which are to be platted for single-family detached residential development. 4 . Plats in a PUD shall conform to the Subdivision Control Act, the Township 's Subdivision Control Ordinance, the regulations of the PUD district, and the approved area plan. H, Common areas and facilities, 1. The location, extent, and purpose of all common areas and facilities shall be clearly identified on the area plan, on the preliminary site plan where applicable, and on each final site plan. All such areas and facilities which are to be conveyed to any agency if accepted by said agency, shall be clearly identified accordingly on the final site plan(s). 2. All public areas and facilities which are to be dedicated to and occupied by a public agency shall be so dedicated and accepted by said agency of a final site plan, unless a binding agreement for dedication is provided in lieu of dedication. 3. Legal instruments setting forth a plan or manner of permanent care and maintenance of common areas and facilities shall be submitted to the Township Attorney for review as to legal form and effect, and to the Township Board or Planning Commission, whichever is applicable, for review, as to the suitability of such areas and facilities for the proposed use. Said legal instrument shall become a part of the approved plat or final site plan, whichever is applicable. 4 . Where a Home Owners Association (HOA) is to be used to maintain and preserve common areas and facilities, the developer shall file a declaration of covenants and restrictions that will govern the HOA, same to be filed with the area plan application. The provisions shall include, but shall not be limited to the following: a. The HOA shall be established before any homes in the PUD are sold. b. Membership in the HOA shall be mandatory for each home buyer and for any successive buyer and shall be so specified in the covenants. c. Restrictions shall be permanent. 134 �130.1115 d. The HOA shall be made responsible for liability insurance, local taxes, and maintenance of common areas and facilities. e. Home owners shall pay their pro rata share of the costs and it shall be so specified in the covenants . Assessments levied by the HOA can become a lien on the property. f. The HOA shall have authority to adjust the assessment to meet changed needs. g. The Township Board shall review the proposed by-laws and articles of incorporation prior to approval of the area plan. 5. The permanence and integrity of common open space may be secured by conveyance of development rights of such areas to a public agency if accepted by said public agency. Such rights shall not include those needed to improve the common open space areas in accordance with an approved area plan, approved preliminary site plan, where applicable, and final site plan. 6 . Common areas and facilities may be deeded to a trustee who shall be responsible for the collection and disbursement of funds, and who shall account to the individual owners as to the use of their monies. If a trustee is utilized, the trustee shall employ a professional manager. The trustee may be a home owners' association, a trust company, or similar organization. 7. Easements shall be given to each individual owner for the use of such areas and facilities . 8. Where facilities are to be constructed as part of the common area open space system performance guarantees shall be provided as required by Section 11.15 M herein, "Performance Guarantees." L Amendment and revision. 1. A developer may request an amendment to an approved area plan, an approved preliminary site plan, or an approved final site plan. Any amendment to an approved preliminary or final site plan which results in a major change in the approved area plan, as defined in this Section, shall require an amendment to the approved area plan. All amendments shall follow the procedures and conditions herein required for original submittal and review, in full. 135 �130.1115 2 . A request for amendment shall be made in writing to the Planning Commission and shall clearly state the reasons therefor. Such reasons may be based upon such considerations as changing social or economic conditions, potential improvements in layout or design features, unforeseen difficulties, or reasons mutually affecting the interests of the Township and developer, such as technical causes, site conditions, state or Federal projects and installations, and statutory revisions . The Planning Commission, upon finding such reasons and requests reasonable and valid, shall so notify the applicant in writing. Following payment of the appropriate fee as required for original submittal, the developer shall submit the required information to the Planning Commission for review . If the approved plan is to be amended, the Planning Commission shall immediately notify the Township Board. 3. Modifications to be considered major changes, for which amendment is required, shall include one or more of the following: a. Change in concept of the development; b . Change in use or character of the development; c. Change in type of dwelling unit as identified on the approved area plan; d. Change in the number of dwelling units; e . Change in non-residential floor area of over five percent (5 %); f. Change in GFC and FAR of the entire PUD of more than one percent (1 %); g. Rearrangement of lots, blocks, and building tracts; h. Change in the character or function of any street; i. Reduction in land area set aside for common open space or the relocation of such area(s); or j. Increase in building height. 136 �130.1115 k. A developer may request Planning Commission approval of modifications which constitute minor changes, as defined in this Section, in an approved area plan, in an approved preliminary site plan, where applicable, or in an approved final site plan. The Planning Commission shall notify the Township Board and any other applicable agency of its approval of such minor changes. The revised drawings as approved shall each be signed by the applicant and the owner(s) of record or the legal representative(s) of said owner(s). 5. Modifications to be considered minor changes, for which approved plans may be revised rather than amended, shall include, among other similar modifications, the following: a. A change in residential floor area; b. A change in non-residential floor area of five percent (5 %) or less; c. Minor variations in layout which do not constitute major changes; and/or d. A change in GFC and FAR of the entire PUD of one percent (1 %) or less. 6. The Planning Commission shall have the authority to determine whether a requested change is major or minor, in accordance with this Section. The burden shall be on the applicant to show good cause for any requested change. J. Expiration of plan approvals. 1. An area plan shall expire eighteen (18) months after approval by the Township Board unless a final site plan for the first stage of the project, or the entire property in the PUD if development is not to occur in stages, is submitted to the Planning Commission for review and approval. Thereafter the final site plan for each subsequent stage shall be submitted to the Planning Commission for review and approval within two years of the date of approval of the immediately preceding final site plan. 2. A final site plan for the entire area classified as a PUD, or all final site plans for all stages thereof, shall have received approval of the Planning Commission within three (3) years, in the case of a PUD of eighty (80) acres or less in area, or within five (5) years for a PUD of more than eighty (80) acres in area, of the 137 �130.1115 date of Township Board approval of the area plan. All final plats in the PUD shall have been approved and recorded within the preceding time periods. 3. Expiration of an approved area plan as set forth in Section 11.151(1), preceding and failure to obtain approval of final site plans and final plats as provided in Sections 11.151(1) and (2), preceding, shall authorize the Township Board to revoke the right to develop under the approved area plan, after a hearing, and unless good cause can be shown for said expiration. In such case, the Township Board may require that a new area plan be filed and reviewed in accordance with the requirements for the original application. Said expiration shall also authorize the Township Board to initiate a zoning amendment to place the subject property into one or more zoning districts deemed by the Township Board to be appropriate. Expiration of an approved area plan shall be duly noted on the Official Zoning Map, and ·shall be signed by the Township Supervisor and attested by the Township Clerk. The Zoning Inspector shall notify the Township of the expiration of an approved area plan. 4. Approval of a final site plan in a PUD shall expire and be of no effect one hundred eighty (180) days after the date of approval of the Planning Commission unless the Building Inspector shall have issued a building permit for the development authorized by said approved plan. A final site plan in a PUD shall expire and be of no effect five-hundred forty-five (545) days after the date of approval by the Planning Commission unless construction is begun and is diligently pursued in accordance with the approved final site plan. Expiration of an approved final site plan shall authorize the Planning Commission to require filing and review of a new final site plan in accordance with the provisions of this Article. 5. Development shall be completed within two (2) years of the date of approval of a final site plan. If said development is not so completed, the Planning Commission shall not review or approve final site plans for any subsequent stages of the PUD unless good cause can be shown for not completing same. 6. If an approved area plan or an approved final site plan has expired as set forth in this Section, no permits for any development or use of the property included in the PUD shall be issued until the applicable requirements of this Section have been met. K, Extension of time limits, Time limits set forth in this Article may be extended upon showing of good cause, and by written agreement, between the applicant and the 138 �130.1115 Planning Commission or Township Board, whichever is applicable, in the case of area plans, and between the applicant and the Planning Commission, in the case of final site plans. L. Modifications durin2 construction. All site improvements and building construction shall conform to all approved plans required in this Article which authorizes such improvements and construction, and to all approved engineering and architectural plans related thereto. If the applicant or developer makes any changes in the improvements and buildings during construction in relation to such approved plans, he shall do so at his own risk, without assurance that the Township Board, Planning Commission, or Township official, whichever is applicable, will approve such changes. Where field changes are necessary, the applicant or developer shall, if reasonably possible, first obtain approval from the appropriate body or official. If such prior approval cannot be obtained, and the changes are made, the applicant shall immediately notify the appropriate body or official of such changes and shall, as soon thereafter as is reasonable, submit as-built drawings of all such changes. The Township Board, Planning Commission, Building Inspector, or Township Engineer, whichever is applicable, may require the applicant to correct any change made in the field without prior approval so as to conform to the approved plans. M, Performance ~arantees. Performance guarantees to assure compliance with the approved area plan and conditions of approval may be required by the Township Board at the time of approval of the area plan. Guarantees to assure completion of site improvements shall be provided in accordance with Article XXIl, "Site Plan Review," herein. N. Violations. 1. An area plan, preliminary plan, or final site plan approved under the provisions of this Article shall have the full force of the Zoning Ordinance. Any violation of such approved plan shall be grounds for the Township Board to order that all construction be stopped, and to order that building permits and certificates of occupancy be withheld until the violation is removed or adequate guarantee of such removal is provided to the Board. 2. Violations of any plan approved under this Article, or failure to comply with any requirements of this Article, including any agreements and conditions attached to any approved plan, shall be considered a violation of this Ordinance as provided in Section 20.10, "Violations and Penalties," herein. Cross reference(s)--Subdivision regulations for a PUD, 120.4130. (Amended: Ord. of 9-17-90, 9-17-90; Ord of 3-21-94, 3-21-94) 139 �PERFORMANCE STANDARDS �130.1116 Performance standards. Sec. 11.16. No lot, building, or structure in any district shall be used in any manner so as to create any dangerous, injurious, noxious, or otherwise objectionable element or condition so as to adversely affect the surrounding area or adjoining premises Uses in all districts shall comply with the following performance standards: A, Fire hazard, 1. Does not constitute a fire hazard per se; 2. Complies to the applicable laws of the State of Michigan (Act 207, P.A. 1941, as amended) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by all authorized agencies--state and local; 3. Is protected by adequate and proper fire suppression and fire fighting equipment; 4. Provides isolated and approved storage for all flammable, explosive and corrosive materials and substances. B, Water pollution, 1. Conforms to the applicable laws of the State of Michigan, (i.e. Act 245, P.S. 1929, as amended) and rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by all authorized agencies--state and local. C, Air pollution, 1. Conforms to the applicable laws of the State of Michigan (i.e. Act 250, P.A. 1965, as amended, and Act 348, P.A. 1965, as amended). 2. Does not emit or cause fumes, gas, mist, odor, smoke, vapor, dust--including road or other earth dust--or any combination thereof in excess of minimum standards established under the authority of the laws of the State of Michigan, or in such volume as to create a public nuisance. D, Noise abatement, 1. Is provided with noise abatement materials and equipment; 2. Will not generate unpleasant and objectionable noise greater in volume or intensity than the average of traffic noises at exterior property lines. 140 �130.1116 E. Vibrations. No vibrations shall be permitted which are discernible without instruments on any adjoining lot or property. F. Glare. No direct or reflected glare shall be permitted which is visible from any property, or from any public street, road, or highway. G. Radioactive hazards. Any use or operation which involves the use, possession, or transportation of any form of radioactive materials or substances is expressly prohibited unless the use is in conformity to specifications, regulations, and standards promulgated by the Atomic Energy Commission of the United States and by the Michigan Department of Public Health. H. Electrical disturbances. Manufacturing and processing machinery, other equipment and domestic appliances using electrical power which generates radio frequency interferences at levels in excess of those approved by the Federal Communications Commission are prohibited. I. Erosion. No erosion, by either wind or water, shall be permitted which will carry objectionable substances onto neighboring properties, lakes, ponds, rivers, or streams . Any use of land shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act of 1972, Act 347, P.A. 1972. 141 �SETBACK ON ARTERIAL ROADS �130.1117 Setbacks on arterial roads. Sec. 11.17. No building or structure shall be located less than a distance equal to the sum of sixty (60) feet and the required minimum front yard of the district in which located, from the existing right-of-way centerline of any of the following roads: 1. Whitmore Lake Road 2. Nixon Road 3. Plymouth Road 4. Dixboro Road 5. Geddes Road 6. Joy Road 7. Maple Road 8. Huron Parkway 9. Clark Road 10. Hogback Road 11. Huron River Drive 12. Earhart Drive 13. Dhu Varren Road 14. Warren Road, between Pontiac Trail and Whitmore Lake Road 142 �130.1118 Sanitary landfill. Sec. 11 .18. In addition to other regulations set forth in this Ordinance, all sanitary landfills shall conform to the following requirements: A. The sanitary landfill shall be located on a paved public arterial street, or equivalent paved major public street as defined in the adopted General Development Plan. B. Travel routes for trucks entering and leaving the sanitary landfill shall be shown on a map of the Township at the time of application for the conditional use permit. Such routes except arterial streets or their equivalent shall not pass through residential areas. C . Prior to the beginning of a sanitary landfill operation a license shall be secured from the State of Michigan Public Health Department. D . The dumping of industrial wastes shall be prohibited unless prior approval for the dumping of such wastes has been granted by the Washtenaw County Health Department. E . No such use shall be exercised on a land area of less than ten (10) continuous acres in one ownership. F . The operational area shall be enclosed by a fence of not less than six (6) feet in height, designed and constructed to bar entry to the area. The fence shall be located not less than fifty (50) feet from the fill operation. G . The area shall be operated and treated in a manner approved by the Washtenaw County Health Department for the control and elimination of rodents and pests. H. The area shall be closed and no operations shall be permitted except in the period between the hours of 7 o'clock A.M. and 7 o'clock P.M., and operations shall be prohibited on Sundays and legal holidays; provided, however, that a completely enclosed structure shall be made available for the depositing of inorganic materials by individual users. I. There shall be not more than one point of vehicular ingress and egress in any twelve hundred (1,200) feet of frontage on any public street or highway. J. All interior unpaved roads shall be regularly treated to control the generation of dust and to prevent its escape from the premises. K. The fill area and all public access roads shall be kept free from refuse and debris attributable, directly or indirectly, to the operation. 143 �130.1118 L. The premises shall be adequately drained and regularly graded to prevent the collection of standing water. M. An annual permit shall be required and an annual fee shall be paid to the Township Clerk in such amount as the Township Board may deem adequate to defray the cost of inspection and all other public costs which may be attributable, directly or indirectly, to the operation. N. The Zoning Inspector and agents of the Washtenaw County Health Department shall have the right of entry and inspection at their discretion. 0. A site plan shall be provided at the time of the conditional use permit application and shall meet all of the requirements of Article XXII, "Site Plan Review," herein. The site plan shall also contain the following: 1. A detailed description of the types of waste and refuse for which the landfill is to be used; 2. A description of the machinery and processes essential to the proposed use; 3. Aerial photo, showing property and adjacent areas, location and outline of wooded areas, streams, marshes, and other natural features; 4. Extent of future landfill areas; 5. Location and nature of structures and stationary equipment to be located on the site during landfill operations; 6. Location and description of soil types; 7. Location and width of drives, sight distances; lane widenings on public roads at intersections of same with drives; 8. Tree areas and other natural features to be retained; 9. Description of pollution and erosion control measures. 144 �130.1118 P. The applicant shall file a plan for restoring the site to a safe, attractive, and usable condition. The plan shall be filed at the time of application for the conditional use permit, and shall provide the following information: 1. Boundary lines of the property, dimensions and bearings of the property lines, correlated with the legal description. 2. Location and extent of all natural features to be retained during landfill operations. 3. Contour lines at intervals of two (2) feet of the proposed restored surface, clearly showing connection to existing undisturbed contour lines. 4. Schedule and areas of progressive rehabilitation. 5. Proposed ground cover and other plantings to stabilize the soil surface and to beautify the restored area. 6. Sketch plan of the proposed use of the site when restored. 7. Description of methods and materials to be used in restoring the site. Q. The applicant shall provide security deposits in the forms and amounts acceptable to the Planning Commission, to guarantee restoration of the site and to cover the costs of the Township Engineer in certifying conformance. 145 �130.1119 Underground wiring. 130.1120 Sec. 11.19. All lines for telephone, electrical, television, and other services distributed by wire or cable shall be placed underground throughout a subdivision or multiple family residential development. Overhead lines may be permitted upon recommendation of the Planning Commission and approval by the Township Board at the time of tentative approval of the preliminary plat or approval of the preliminary site plan where it is determined that such lines will not impair the health, safety, general welfare, design, appearance, and character of the subdivision. This Section shall not be construed to prohibit the construction above ground of surface equipment associated with an underground distribution system, such as surface mounted transformers, power terminal pedestals, meters and meter boxes, street lights, and street light poles. Cross reference(s)--Cable communications facilities, Pt. 30. 130.1120 Distances between grouped buildings. Sec. 11.20. In addition to other regulations set forth in this Ordinance, the following minimum distance shall be provided between two (2) or more residential buildings on a lot: A. Where buildings are front to front or front to rear, three (3) times the height of the taller building, but not less than seventy (70) feet. B. Where buildings are side to side, one and one-half (1 1/2) times the height of the taller building, but not less than twenty (20) feet. C. Where buildings are front to side, rear to side, or rear to rear, two (2) times the height of the taller building but not less than forty-five (45) feet. In applying the above regulations, the front of the building shall mean that face of the building having the greatest length; the rear shall be that face opposite the front; and the side shall be the face between the front and rear faces. 146 �130.1121 Group foster care homes. Sec. 11.21. In addition to other regulations set forth in this Ordinance, all Group Foster Care Homes shall conform to the following requirements: A. Shall not exceed twenty-two (22) residents including resident counselors. B. The following lot area shall be provided for each resident including resident counselors: 1. R-7 District--2910 square feet 2. R-8 District--1940 square feet 3. R-9 District--1450 square feet C . Act 287, Public Acts of Michigan, 1972. D. All applicable Ann Arbor Township codes and ordinances. E. All regulations and requirements of the zoning district where located. F. Be so constructed, arranged, and maintained as to provide adequately for the health and safety and welfare of all occupants. G. The atmosphere and routine shall be such that a resident may spend the majority of his non-sleeping hours outside his bedroom. H. A toilet, lavatory, and bathing or showering facility shall be provided for each six (6) persons. At least one (1) toilet and lavatory shall be provided on each floor having resident bedrooms. I. Provide distinct living and sleeping areas. All areas shall be well lighted, heated, and ventilated. J. Provide a living or dayroom area which affords privacy for use by a resident and his visitors. K. The living and sleeping areas for each resident shall not be in non-contiguous wings, units, or buildings. 147 �FENCE REGULATIONS �130.1121 L. A living room, dining room, or other room not designed nor ordinarily used for sleeping shall not be used for sleeping purposes. M. A room shall not be used as a bedroom where more than one-half ( 1/2) the room height is below grade except where the ceiling of such portion of a building is located five (5) feet or more above grade for more than twenty-five percent (25 %) of the perimeter measurement of the room. N. Bedrooms shall have at least one (1) window with a minimum sash area of eight (8) square feet. 0. A single-occupancy bedroom shall have at least eight (8) square feet of usable floor area. P . A multiple-occupancy bedroom shall have at least seventy (70) square feet of usable floor area per person with a maximum of four (4) beds and persons per bedroom. Q. A group foster care home shall be inspected and approved for fire safety prior to the issuance of an occupancy permit and shall be inspected at least annually. R. The number of off-street parking spaces for a group foster care home shall be established by the Planning Commission when the conditional use permit is issued based on the number of type of residents. All off-street parking areas shall conform to the provisions of Article XII, "Off-Street Parking and Loading Regulations," of this Ordinance. S. A group foster care home shall provide a minimum of two (2) adult resident counselors residing permanently in the home who provide care and guidance to the residents. T. Group foster care homes shall not be located closer than one thousand (1,000) feet to one another. 130.1122 Fence regulations. Sec. 11.22. A. General requirement. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to construct or cause to be constructed any fence on any property in the Charter Township of Ann Arbor except in accordance with these regulations. 148 �130.1122 B. Penn it requirements. Any person, firm, or corporation desiring to construct or cause to be constructed a fence that is subject to these regulations shall first obtain a fence permit from the Zoning Inspector. The application for a fence permit shall contain all information, including drawings, that is necessary to determine compliance with these regulations. A permit shall not be required for a fence that is to be constructed for the purpose of enclosing farmland. C. Fee. The fee for a fence permit shall be established, and may be amended, by resolution of the Ann Arbor Township Board. The fee shall be paid to the Township Treasurer at the time of application for the permit. D. Location of fences. All fences shall be located entirely on the property of the owner of the fence . Owners of adjoining property may jointly apply or a fence permit for the purpose of constructing a fence on the common property line. E. Hei~ht re211Iations. 1. Fences located on residential lots shall comply with the following regulations . a. Fences located in a required front yard or in any other required yard that abuts a public or private street shall not exceed 4 feet in height. b. Fences located in a required side or rear yard that does not abut a public or private street shall not exceed a height of 6 feet. 2. Fences on a lot in a business district and located in any required yard, shall not exceed 6 feet in height. 3. Fences on a lot in an industrial district and located in any required yard shall not exceed a height of 12 feet. 4. Fences enclosing farmland shall be exempt from the regulations of this subsection. 5. Fences on a lot in any zoning district that are not located in any required yard of that lot shall not exceed the height limit for structures in the district in which located. 149 �130.1122 6. In determining the height of the fence that separates two adjoining lots and that is located within 2 feet of a common lot line, the maximum permitted height at any point shall be measured from the highest grade at that point within 2 feet on either side of the common lot line. 7 . The height regulations in this section may be modified or waived for a fence on a common property line by written agreement between the fee simple owners of the adjoining lots. The agreement shall specify the location and height of the fence. The agreement shall be signed by said owners and shall be filed with the Zoning Inspector before a permit may be issued. F, Vision clearance, All fences shall comply with Section 3.08, "Visibility at Intersections", herein. A fence that is located at the intersection of a driveway and a public sidewalk, or a sidewalk along a private street, shall not obstruct vision between the driveway and sidewalk. G. Safety reiJ.Ilations. 1. No spikes, nails, barbed wire, or other pointed objects or sharp protrusions shall be placed on, attached to, or permitted to remain on, any fence below a height of 10 feet, except in the case of fences that enclose farmland, in which case barbed wire may be permitted at any height of the fence. 2. Fences shall not contain any electric charge or current, except fences that enclose farmland, in which case electric fence wires shall be permitted, provided such wires are attached to the inside face of the fence posts. All electric fences shall be of a type and make approved by Underwriters Laboratories. H, Retainini walls, A retaining wall shall be regulated as a fence if the wall projects more than 18 inches above the ground being retained. I. Temporary construction fences. Temporary construction fences, and fences required for protection around excavations, shall comply with Article 13 of the Basic Building Code. Such fences shall be removed promptly after one year from the date of the fence permit, unless a time extension is approved by the Zoning Board of Appeals. 150 �130.1122 J. Public utility fences. Fences that enclose public utility installations shall not be located in any required yard, where the lot is located in a residential district. Such fences may be located in any required yard where the lot is located in any other zoning district. Such fences shall comply with all other regulations of this section. K. Maintenance. Fences shall be maintained so as not to endanger life or property. Any fence which, through lack of repair, type of construction, or other condition that endangers life or property, is a nuisance. If an unsafe fence exists, the Zoning Inspector shall serve written notice to the owner, agent, or person in control of the property on which the fence is located. The notice shall describe the unsafe condition, shall specify the repairs or changes required to make the fence safe, or shall require an unsafe fence or part thereof to be removed. The notice shall provide a time limit for such repairs, changes, or removal to be made. L. Fences in special districts. Fences located on a lot in a PUD, RRA, OP, or other special zoning district shall be exempt from the regulations of this section, but shall be regulated as provided in the approved petition for that lot. (Added: Ord. No. 1-89, 4-17-89) 151 �----------- �130.1123 Site condominium review. Sec. 11.23 . A, Approval required, Pursuant to authority conferred by Section 141 of the Condominium Act, preliminary and final site plans for all site condominiums shall be approved by the Planning Commission. B. General req.uirements 1. No permits for erosion control, building construction, grading, or installation of water or sanitary sewerage facilities shall be issued for property in a site condominium development until a final site plan therefor has been approved by the Planning Commission and is in effect. However, the Planning Commission may, at its discretion, and with appropriate conditions attached, authorize the Building Inspector to issue permits for grading and foundation work on the basis of the approved preliminary site plan. This requirement shall include contractible, conversion, and expanded site condominiums. 2 . If a building, structure, or use to be placed on a condominium lot requires site plan approval under Section 22.02, herein, a site plan for that building, structure, or use shall be approved in accordance with Article 22, herein, before a certificate of zoning compliance may be issued. 3. The Planning Commission shall have the authority to review and approve or deny preliminary and final site plans for site condominiums. 4. Preliminary and final site plans shall be submitted, reviewed, and approved or denied in accordance with Article 22, herein, provided however, that preliminary and final site plans shall not be combined for site condominiums. A dimensionally stable copy of the as-built drawings shall be submitted to the Ann Arbor Township Clerk and a second dimensionally stable copy shall be recorded with the Washtenaw County Register of Deeds. 5. Each condominium lot shall be located within a zoning district that permits the proposed use. 6. For the purposes of this ordinance, each condominium lot shall be considered equivalent to a single lot and shall comply with all regulations of the zoning district in which located. In the case of a site condominium containing single-family detached dwelling units, not more than one dwelling unit shall be located on a condominium lot, nor shall a dwelling unit be located on a condominium lot with any other principal structure or use, except in a PUD 152 �130.1123 District. Required yards shall be measured from the boundaries of a condominium lot. Lot coverage and floor area ratio shall be calculated using the land area of the condominium lot. 7. Each condominium lot shall be connected to the Township's water and sanitary sewer facilities, where available, or shall have a well, septic tank, and drainfield approved by the County Health Department, where Township water and sanitary sewer services are not available. The well, septic tank, and drainfield serving a condominium lot shall be located within that lot, as described in the master deed, except in a special district, in which case this requirement may be waived by the Township Board as a part of its approval of the PUD district rezoning petition. 8. Relocation of boundaries between adjoining condominium lots, if permitted in the condominium documents, as provided in Section 48 of the Condominium Act, shall comply with all regulations of the zoning district in which located and shall be approved by the Zoning Inspector. These requirements shall be made a part of the bylaws and recorded as part of the master deed . 9. Each condominium lot that results from a subdivision of another condominium lot, if such subdivision is permitted by the condominium documents, as provided in Section 49 of the Condominium Act, shall comply with all regulations of the zoning district in which located, and shall be approved by the Zoning Inspector. These requirements shall be made a part of the condominium bylaws and recorded as part of the master deed. 10. All information required by this ordinance shall be updated and furnished to the Zoning Inspector until applicable certificates of zoning compliance have been issued, as provided in Section 20. 03, herein. C, Preliminar:y site plan reqyirements. 1. A preliminary site plan shall be filed for approval at the time the notice of proposed action is filed with the Township. 2. The preliminary site plan shall include all land that the developer intends to include in the site condominium project. 3. The preliminary site plan shall include all information required in Section 22.03B, herein, except that, in the case of a development that consists only of 153 �130.1123 condominium lots and not buildings or other structures at the time of plan review, the location and dimensions of the condominium lots rather than individual buildings or other structures, and required yards shall be shown on the preliminary site plan. D, Final site plan reQJJirements. 1. A final site plan shall be filed for review for each phase of development shown on the approved preliminary site plan. 2. A final site plan for any phase of development shall not be filed for review by the Planning Commission unless a preliminary site plan has been approved by the Planning Commission and is in effect. 3. A final site plan shall include all information required by Section 66 of the Condominium Act, and the master deed and bylaws. The final site plan shall also include all information required in Section 22.04B, herein, except that, in the case of a development that consist only of condominium lots rather than buildings or other structures at the time of plan review, the location and dimensions of the condominium lots, rather than individual buildings or other structures, and required yards shall be shown on the final site plan. 4. The applicant shall provide proof of approvals by all County and State agencies having jurisdiction over improvements in the site condominium development, including but not limited to the County Road Commission, County Drain Commissioner, County Health Department, and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. The Planning Commission shall not approve a final site plan until each County or State agency having such jurisdiction has approved that portion of the final site plan that is subject to its jurisdiction. E, Revision of condominium subdivision plan. If the condominium subdivision plan is revised, the final site plan shall be revised accordingly and submitted for review and approval or denial by the Planning Commission before any building permit may be issued, where such permit is required. 154 �130.1123 F, Amendment of master deed or bylaws, Any amendment to a master deed or bylaws that affects the approved preliminary or final site plan, or any conditions of approval of a preliminary or final site plan, shall be reviewed and approved by the Planning Commission before any building permit may be issued, where such permit is required. The Planning Commission may require its review of an amended site plan if, in its opinion, such changes in the master deed or bylaws require corresponding changes in the approved site plan. G. Relation to Subdivision Ordinance, The provisions of Articles 4 and 5 of the Township's Subdivision Ordinance shall apply to site condominiums and are incorporated herein by reference. In applying the design and development standards of Article 4 and the improvement requirements of Article 5 of the Subdivision Ordinance, the standards and requirements that are intended to apply to lots in a subdivision shall apply instead to condominium lots. Nothing in this Section shall be construed as requiring a site condominium to obtain plat approval under the Subdivision Ordinance or the Subdivision Control Act. H, Development a~reement. The Planning Commission may require, as a condition of approval, that the applicant enter into a development agreement with the Planning Commission and the Township, incorporating therein the terms and conditions of final site plan approval, and record the same in the Office of the Register of Deeds for Washtenaw County. I. Application for buildin~ permit, Any application for a building permit for construction to be located in a general common element shall include written authorization for the application by the Condominium Association. J, Monuments and lot irons, Monuments shall be set at all boundary comers and deflection points and at all road right of way intersection comers and deflection points. Lot irons shall be set at all condominium lot comers and deflection points of condominium lot lines. The Township Engineer may grant a delay in the setting of required monuments or irons for a reasonable time, but not to exceed one year, on condition that the developer deposit with the Township Clerk cash, a certified check, or an irrevocable bank letter of credit running to the Township, whichever the developer selects, in an amount as determined from time to time by resolution of the Township Board. Such deposit shall be returned to the developer upon receipt of a certificate by a surveyor registered in the State of Michigan that the monuments and irons have been set as required, within the time specified. If the developer defaults, the Township Board shall promptly require a registered surveyor to set the monuments and irons in the ground as shown on the 155 �130.1124 condominium site plans, at a cost not to exceed the amount of the security deposit. K, Road ri~hts of way: easements, Road rights of way shall be described separately from individual condominium lots, and shall be accurately delineated by bearings and distances on the condominium subdivision plan and the final site plan. The right of way shall be for roadway purposes and for the purposes of locating, installing, maintaining, and replacing of public utilities . The developer shall dedicate easements to the Township for all public water and sanitary sewer lines and appurtenances. L. Improvements, All improvements in a site condominium shall comply with the design specifications as adopted by the Township Board and any amendments thereto. M, Private streets, Any private street in a site condominium shall comply with the Township's Private Road Ordinance. (Added: Ord . No. 8-89, 8-21-89) 130.1124 Bed and breakfast operations Sec. 11 .24. A. A Bed and breakfast operation shall be permitted only in a single-family detached dwelling unit that is the principal dwelling unit on the property. A dwelling unit containing a bed and breakfast operations shall be the principal residence of the operator, and the operator shall live in the principal dwelling unit during the time the bed and breakfast operation is active. B. A dwelling unit containing a bed and breakfast operation shall comply with · State of Michigan regulations for bed and breakfast operations, and applicable fire safety regulations, and shall be regularly maintained so as to remain in compliance with all applicable codes and regulations. The applicant for a 130.1124 conditional use permit shall provide written evidence of inspection and compliance with applicable codes and regulations to Ann Arbor Charter Township before a certificate of occupancy is granted. C. A dwelling to be used for a bed and breakfast operation shall have a minimum floor area of 2,000 square feet, excluding basement and garage floor areas. Each sleeping 156 �room shall have a minimum floor area of 144 square feet and shall not have more than two occupants. Not more than six (6) rooms shall be provided for bed and breakfast operations in one single-family detached dwelling. If the applicant cannot comply with off-street parking, as required by Subsection M, and the other provisions of the zoning ordinance, the number of rooms for bed and breakfast operations shall be reduced to that number which is served by off-street parking. The Planning Commission may reduce the number of rooms under this Subsection if it determines that the use of the site for offstreet parking to meet the requirements of the Section would adversely affect the residential character of the site within the particular zoning district. D. Lavatories, toilets, and bathing facilities shall be available within the principal structure to all persons using the bed and breakfast operation in that structure. One ( 1) bathroom, containing a lavatory, toilet, and a bathtub or shower shall be provided for each two (2) sleeping rooms. Each such bathroom shall by physically separated from the living quarters of the resident family. Bathrooms required under this subsection for guests shall be in addition to the facilities utilized by the resident family. Sharing of bathrooms between guests and the resident family shall not be permitted. E. A single-family detached dwelling unit that contains a bed and breakfast operation shall not have, or be converted to, more rental rooms than the number of bedrooms that existed on the date of adoption of this amendment. Any addition to a dwelling for the purpose of increasing the number of bed and breakfast rooms shall be prohibited. For purpose of application of this subsection, bedrooms shall include rooms used on a regular basis for sleeping by the inhabitants prior to the conversion of the single-family detached dwelling to bed and breakfast operations, such rooms which have dual purposes as bedrooms are sometimes known or used as dens/bedrooms, studies/bedrooms, libraries/ bedrooms. F. No kitchen or other food preparation area of facilities shall be provided in or available to the rooms in a bed and breakfast operation. Cooking facilities in a dwelling containing a bed and breakfast operation shall be limited to the residential kitchen. G. No meals or food service shall be provided to a guest except the following: breakfast, snacks, coffee and tea service. H. Service of alcoholic beverages in a bed and breakfast operation shall be prohibited. I. One (1) sign, not more than three (3) square feet in area, shall be permitted for each bed and breakfast operation. The sign shall be wall mounted and shall meet all applicable regulations of Article 13, "Sign Regulations", herein. 157 �130.1124 J. A single-family detached dwelling unit containing a bed and breakfast operation shall have no outside appearance of the presence of the operations, except the sign permitted herein. K. Bed and breakfast facilities shall not be used for receptions, weddings and similar celebrations and parties. L. The maximum length of stay for any occupant of a bed and breakfast operation shall be fourteen (14) days in any period of ninety (90) consecutive days. M. One (1) off-street parking space shall be provided for each bedroom in a bed and breakfast operation. Parking spaces for bed and breakfast registrants shall be in addition to spaces required for the dwelling unit and shall comply with regulations of Article 12, "Off-street Parking and Loading Regulations", herein. N. A property survey, drawn to scale, with dimensions, and showing property lines and all structures and other improvements shall be submitted with the application for a conditional use permit. If the proposed use involves changes to the site outside the building, the Planning Commission may require that the applicant submit a final site plan, as required in Article XXII, "Site Plan Review", or portions of a final site plan that are applicable to the proposed changes and be reviewed and approved by the Planning Commission before the conditional use permit may be issued. 0 . An approved conditional use permit for a bed and breakfast operation shall not become effective, and a bed and breakfast operation shall not be opened for business, until all licenses required therefor have been issued. 158 �Sec. 130.1125 Child care facilities Sec. 11.25. Regulations A. The group day care home or child care center shall be appropriately licensed by the Michigan Department of Social Services. B. A child care center shall not be located within 1500 feet from another licensed group day care home, adult foster care home, substance abuse treatment center and any facility that houses an inmate population. C. All outdoor play areas shall be enclosed by a fence not less than four feet nor more than six feet in height and capable of containing the children within the play area. D. Signs are permitted as regulated in Article XIII, "Sign Regulations", herein. E. Off-street parking shall be provided for employees. Parking for drop-off and pick-up of children shall also be provided. F. The group day care home or child care center shall be inspected for compliance prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. G. A group day care home shall not require the modification of the exterior of the dwelling nor the locations of playground equipment in the front yard. H. The Planning Commission may establish additional conditions if necessary. 159 ��ARTICLE XII 130.1200 OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING REGULATIONS 130.1201 General provisions for off-street parking. Sec. 12.01. A. The regulations of this Article shall be met in all districts whenever any uses are established or any building or structure is erected, enlarged, or increased in capacity. B. Plans and specifications showing required off-street parking spaces, including the means of access, ingress, egress, and circulation shall be submitted to the Building Inspector for review at the time of application for a building permit for the erection or enlargement of a building or at the time spaces are added or altered, unless a site plan is required under Article XXII, "Site Plan Review," herein, in which case this requirement shall not apply. C. No parking area or parking space which exists at the time this Ordinance becomes effective, or which subsequent thereto is provided for the purpose of complying with the provisions of this Ordinance, shall thereafter be relinquished or reduced in any manner below the requirements established by this Ordinance. D. Parking of motor vehicles in residence districts shall be limited to passenger vehicles, and not more than one (1) commercial vehicle of light delivery type, not to exceed three-fourths ( 3/4) ton, shall be permitted for each dwelling unit. The parking of any other type of commercial vehicle, except those belonging to a church or school and parked on church or school property, is prohibited in any residence district. Parking of recreation vehicles shall be regulated as provided in Section 11.11, herein. Parking spaces for dwelling units may be provided in garages, carports, or parking areas, or combinations thereof, and shall be located on the premises of the principal building(s). E. The storage of merchandise or vehicle parts in any parking lot in any district is prohibited. 160 �130.1202 Specifications for parking areas. Sec. 12.02. A. Required off-street parking facilities shall be located on the same lot as the principal building for which the parking is intended or on another lot wherein the parking facilities are within three hundred (300) feet of the building they serve. B. Every parcel of land hereafter used as a public or private parking area shall be developed and maintained in accordance with the following regulations: 1. Off-street parking spaces and all driveways, shall not be closer than ten (10) feet to any property line, unless a wall, screen, or compact planting strip is provided as a parking barrier along the property line, except in RC, AR,A-1, R-1, R-lA, R-2, R-3, R-3A and R-4 districts, in which case a minimum distance is not required for residences only. 2. Off-street parking spaces shall not be located in the required front yard or within the required yard along any street. 3. All off-street parking areas shall be drained so as to prevent direct drainage onto abutting properties and surface drainage onto public streets. Parking areas shall be paved except in 1-1, in which gravel surfaces may be permitted. All parking spaces in paved lots shall be marked with striping. 4. Lighting fixtures used to illuminate any off-street parking areas shall be so arranged as to reflect the light away from any adjoining streets or residential lots. 5. Any off-street parking area providing space for five (5) or more vehicles shall be effectively screened on any side which adjoins a lot in any residential district, by a wall, screen, or compact planting strip not less than four (4) feet in height. 6. All off-street parking areas that make it necessary or possible for vehicles to back directly into a public street are prohibited, provided that this prohibition shall not apply to off-street parking areas of one or two family dwellings. 7. All spaces shall have adequate access by means of aisles or lanes. 8. Ingress and egress to parking lots shall be provided for all vehicles by means of clearly limited and defined drives. 161 �130.1202 9. Aisles for access to all parking spaces on two-way aisles shall be designed and clearly marked for two-way movements. Aisles for angle parking spaces shall have one-way movement only and shall be clearly marked for one-way movement. 10. Not more than fifteen (15) parking spaces shall be permitted in a continuous row in rural and urban residential districts without being interrupted by landscaping . Not more than twenty (20) parking spaces shall be permitted in a continuous row in business and industrial districts without being interrupted by landscaping. 11. All required landscape areas and screens shall be maintained in a healthy, neat, and orderly appearance. 12. Width and length of parking spaces. a. The minimum width of parking spaces shall be as follows: Residential and related uses; All spaces shall have a all uses not specifically listed herein minimum width of ten (10) feet. Retail and wholesale sales At least eighty (80) percent of the spaces shall have a minimum width of ten (10) feet; not more than twenty percent (20 %) of the spaces may have a minimum width of nine (9) feet. Restaurants, bars, entertainment, commercial recreation All spaces shall have a minimum width of ten (10) feet. Offices At least twenty percent (20 %) of the spaces shall have a minimum width of ten (10) feet; not more than eighty (80) percent of the spaces may have a minimum width of nine (9) feet. 162 �130.1202 Industrial, warehousing At least ten percent (10%) of the spaces shall have a minimum width of ten (10) feet; not more than ninety percent (90 %) of the spaces may have a a minimum width of nine (9) feet. In parking lots containing twenty (20) or fewer spaces, all spaces shall be at least ten (10) feet wide, regardless of use. b. The width of a parking space shall be measured on a line perpendicular to both sidelines of the space. c. The length of a parking space shall be at least nineteen (19) feet. 13 . The minimum width of parking lot drives or aisles shall be as follows: a. For ninety (90) degree parking, twenty-two (22) feet. b. For sixty (60) degree parking, eighteen (18) feet. c. For forty-five (45) degree parking, thirteen (13) feet. d. For parallel parking, eleven (11) feet for one-way traffic flow and twenty-two (22) feet for two-way traffic flow. C. Off-street parking facilities for trucks at restaurants, service stations, and similar establishments shall be of sufficient size to adequately serve trucks and not interfere with other vehicles that use the same facilities. 163 �130.1203 Rules for calculating required number of parking spaces. Sec. 12.03. A. Where floor area is the unit for determining the required number of off-street parking spaces, said unit shall mean the gross floor area, except that floor area used for parking within the principal building, incidental service, storage, installations of mechanical equipment, heating systems, and similar uses need not be included. B. In stadiums, sport arenas, churches and other places of assembly in which those in attendance occupy benches, pews, or other seating facilities, each eighteen (18) inches of such seating shall be counted as one (1) seat. In cases where a place of assembly has both fixed seats and open assembly areas, requirements shall be computed separately for each type and added together. C. For requirements stated in terms of employees, the calculation shall be based upon the maximum number of employees likely to be on the premises during the largest shift. D. For requirements stated in terms of capacity or permitted occupancy, the number shall be determined on the basis of the largest ratings by the local county or state building, fire, or health codes. E. Any fractional space shall be counted as one (1) additional required space. F. The number of parking spaces required for land or buildings used for two or more purposes shall be the sum of the requirements for the various uses computed in accordance with this Ordinance. Parking facilities for one use shall not be considered as providing the required parking facilities for any other use, except as provided in Sections 12.03G and 12.03H, herein. G. If a parking lot serves two or more uses where the operating hours of the uses do not overlap, the total number of required spaces may be less than the sum of requirements for each use, to a limit of the sum of one-half ( 1/2) of the parking requirements of each use. In no case, however, shall the number of spaces required be less than the sum of the largest number of spaces required for one use plus one-half (1/2) of the required spaces for each additional use. The Building Inspector shall determine the conditions of overlapping requirements and the amount of reductions in the required number of spaces which shall be permitted, in accordance with this Subsection. 164 �130.1204 H . Off-street parking spaces required for churches may be reduced by fifty percent (50%) where churches are located in nonresidential districts and within three hundred (300) feet of existing usable public or private off-street spaces where permission is granted. The Building Inspector shall determine if such public or private spaces qualify under this Section. The required number of off-street parking spaces may also be reduced in accordance with Section 12.03G, herein, if applicable . I. Where a use is not specifically listed in the Schedule of Requirements, the parking requirements of a similar use shall apply . The Building Inspector shall make the interpretation. 130.1204 Schedule of off-street parking requirements. Sec . 12.04. A. Uses permitted in recreation conservation, agriculture, and residence districts : 1. Dwellings--single family Two (2) spaces for each dwelling unit. 2 . Dwellings--mobile home park Two and one-half (2 1/2) spaces per unit plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees of the park. 3. Dwellings--two- and multiple-family Two (2) spaces for each dwelling unit. 4. Dwellings--senior citizens units One (1) space for each two (2) dwelling units, plus one (1) space for each employee. 5. Fraternities , sororities One (1) space for each two (2) occupants. 6 . Hospitals One (1) space for each bed, excluding bassinets, plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees . 165 �130.1204 7. Sanitariums, nursing homes, children's One (1) space for each four (4) beds homes plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees. 8. Elementary and junior high schools One (1) space for each employee plus one (1) space for each classroom, including portables. 9. Senior high schools, colleges, universities One (1) space for each employee plus one (1) space for each four (4) students of the rated capacity, plus one-half (1/2) the requirements for auditoriums. 10. Churches, auditoriums, sports arenas, One (1) space for each four (4) seats of maximum theaters, assembly halls capacity other than schools 11. Libraries , museums One (1) space for each five hundred (500) square feet of floor area. 12. Swimming pool clubs, tennis clubs, and similar uses . One (1) space for each two (2) member families plus spaces as required for each accessory use, such as a restaurant. 13. Golf courses Six (6) spaces for each golf hole and one (1) space for each employee, plus spaces as required for each accessory use, such as a restaurant. 14. Nursery schools, day nurseries, child care centers One (1) space for each three hundred fifty (350) square feet of floor area and one (1) space per employee. 166 �130.1204 B. Uses permitted in business districts: 1. General retail sales establishments, not elsewhere classified One (1) space for each two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area. 2. Furniture, appliance, household equipement stores and repair shops One (1) space for each four hundred (400) square feet of gross floor area. 3. Barber and beauty shops Two (2) spaces for each chair, plus one (1) space for each employee. 4 . Restaurants, cocktail lounges, taverns, night clubs One (1) space for each two (2) patrons of maximum seating capacity plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees. 5. Professional and business offices One (1) space for each two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area. 6. Medical and dental offices, clinics, banks One (1) space for each one hundred (100) square feet of floor area plus one (1) space for each employee. 7. Self-serve laundry or dry cleaning stores One (1) space for each two (2) washing, drying, or dry cleaning machines. 8. Automobile service stations One (1) space for each gasoline pump, plus two (2) spaces for each lubrication stall. 167 �130.1204 9. Automobile or machinery sales and/or service establishments One (1) space for each two hundred (200) square feet of showroom floor area plus two (2) spaces for each service bay plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees. 10. Bowling alleys Five (5) spaces for each alley plus parking for accessory uses as provided herein. 11. Motels, hotels, tourist homes One (1) space for each occupancy unit plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees plus parking for accessory uses as provided herein. 12. Funeral homes Four (4) spaces for each parlor or one (1) space for each fifty (50) square feet of floor area in parlors, whichever is greater, plus one (1) space for each fleet vehicle. 13. Shopping center Five and one-half (5 1/2) spaces for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross leasable floor area. 14. Private clubs, lodge halls One ( 1) space for each three (3) persons of maximum capacity. 15. Automobile wash, drive-in Five (5) spaces for each washing stall (not including space in each stall) plus one (1) space for each employee. 168 �130.1204 C. Uses permitted in industrial districts: 1. Wholesale establishments One (1) space for each two hundred (200) square feet of sales floor area, plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees plus one (1) space for each vehicle to be stored on the premises. 2. Manufacturing, fabricating, processing, research and testing One (1) space for each one and one-half (11/2) employees. establishments. 3. Warehouses One (1) space for each two thousand (2,000) square feet of gross floor area plus one (1) space for each vehicle to be stored on the premises plus one (1) space per employee . 4. Utility substations Two (2) spaces. 5. Contractors establishments One (1) space for each employee, plus one (1) space for each vehicle stored in the premises. 6. Junkyards One (1) space for each employee, plus one (1) space for each operating vehicle stored on the premises, plus two (2) spaces for each acre of land in yard. 130.1206 169 �130.1205 General provisions for off-street loading facilities. Sec. 12.05 . A . In connection with every building or part thereof hereafter erected, except single and two-family dwellings, off-street loading and unloading spaces for uses which customarily receive or distribute material or merchandise by vehicle shall be provided on the same lot with such buildings. Off-street loading spaces are hereby required in order to avoid interference with public use of streets and parking areas. B. Plans and specifications showing required loading and unloading spaces and the means of ingress and egress and internal circulation shall be submitted to the Building Inspector for review at the time of application for a building permit for the erection or enlargement of a use of a building or structure or at the time such spaces are added or altered , unless a site plan is required under Article XXII, "Site Plan Review," herein, in which case this requirement shall not apply . 130.1206 Specifications for loading facilities. Sec. 12 .06 . A. Each off-street loading/unloading space shall not be less than the following : 1. In any rural, rural or urban residence district, a loading space shall not be less than ten (10) feet in width and twenty-five (25) feet in length and, if a roofed space, not less than fifteen (15) feet in height. 2. In any business or industrial district, a loading space shall not be any less than ten (10) feet in width and fifty-five (55) feet in length and, if a roofed space, not less than fifteen (15) feet in height. B. Subject to the limitations of paragraph D following, a loading space may occupy part of any required side or rear yard, except the side yard along a street in the case of a corner lot shall not be occupied by such space. No part of a required front yard shall be occupied by such loading space. C . Any loading space shall not be closer than fifty (50) feet to any lot located in a residence district unless wholly within a completely enclosed building or unless enclosed on all sides by a wall, fence, or compact planting strip not less than six (6) feet in height, in which case such space shall not be located closer to the lot line than the required yard. 170 �130.1207 D. Off-street loading facilities that make it necessary or possible to back directly into a public street shall be prohibited. All maneuvering of trucks and other vehicles shall take place on the site and not within a public right-of-way. 130.1207 Schedule of off-street loading requirements. Sec. 12.07. A. Off-street loading/unloading spaces where required shall be provided at the rate of one (1) space for the first five thousand (5,000) square feet of gross floor area, and one (1) space for each additional twenty thousand (20,000) square feet of gross floor area, or fraction thereof. B. Required off-street parking spaces shall not be included in the counting of required loading spaces . C. In the case of mixed uses on one lot or parcel the total requirements for off-street loading facilities shall be the sum of the various uses computed separately . 171 �SIGNS �ARTICLE XIII 130.1300 SIGN REGULATIONS* *Cross reference(s)--Uniform traffic code, Pt. 42; outdoor advertising signs ordinance, Pt. 121. 130.1301 Purpose. Sec. 13.01. The purpose of this Article is to regulate all exterior signs placed for exterior observance so as to protect property values, to protect the character of the various neighborhoods in Ann Arbor Township, to protect health and safety, and to protect the public welfare. The principal features are the restriction of advertising to the use of the premises on which the sign is located and the restriction of the total sign area permissible per site. Any sign placed on land or on a building for the purposes of identification or for advertising a use conducted therein or thereon shall be deemed to be accessory and incidental to such land, building, or use. It is intended that the display of signs will be appropriate to the land, building, or use to which they are appurtenant and be adequate, but not excessive, for the intended purpose of identification or advertisement. With respect to signs advertising business uses, it is specifically intended, among other things, to avoid excessive competition and clutter among sign displays in their demand for public attention. It is further intended that all signs within one complex or center be coordinated with the architecture in such a manner that the overall appearance is harmonious in color, form, and proportion. It is also intended by this Article that all temporary signs erected for directional purposes, for public information or to call attention to special events shall be confined to those that are of general public interest and that such signs shall be limited to the giving of information. All other signs, commonly referred to as outdoor advertising, billboards, or poster panels which advertise products or businesses not connected with the site or building on which they are located, are deemed by this Article to constitute a principal use of the lot. Any widespread display of outdoor advertising is deemed to be inappropriate to the character and sound development of the Township and it is intended that such advertising be confined to undeveloped commercial or industrial property. 172 �130.1303 130.1302 General sign regulations. Sec. 13 .02. No sign shall be erected or replaced at any location where, by reason of position, size, shape, color, or illumination, it may interfere with, obstruct the view of, or be confused with, any authorized traffic sign, signal, or device so as to interfere with, mislead, or confuse traffic . All signs shall be designed, constructed, and maintained so as to be appropriate in appearance with the existing or intended character of their vicinity so as not to change the essential character of such area. Signs, including signs painted onto building walls, shall conform to all yard and height requirements of the district in which located unless otherwise provided in this Article. A permit for any sign, whether freestanding or mounted on or applied to a building, including signs painted on building walls, or other structures, or for any change in copy, shall be obtained from the Township Building Inspector before such sign may be erected , replaced , or relocated. Strings of pennants or flags attached to or part of a sign, or independently displayed for purposes of advertising, shall be prohibited. 130.1303 Signs permitted in all zoning districts. Sec. 13.03. Subject to the other conditions of this Ordinance, the following signs shall be permitted anywhere within Ann Arbor Township : A. One sign shall be permitted for all building contractors, one for all professional design firms and one for all lending institutions on sites under construction, each sign not to exceed six (6) square feet overall, with not more than a total of three (3) such signs permitted on one site. The sign shall be confined to the site of the construction, construction shed, or construction trailer and shall be removed within fourteen (14) days of the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. B. One temporary real estate "for sale" sign located on the property and not exceeding six (6) square feet in area shall be permitted for each lot. If the lot or parcel has multiple frontage, one additional sign not exceeding six (6) square feet in area shall be permitted on the property on each street frontage. Under no circumstances shall more than two (2) such signs be permitted on a lot. Such sign(s) shall be removed within seven (7) days following the sale. C. Street banners advertising a public entertainment or event, if such banners are approved by the Township Board and in locations designated by the Township Board, may be displayed fourteen (14) days prior to and seven (7) days after the public entertainment or event. 173 �130.1305 D. Name, directional, and informational signs and emblems of service clubs, places of worship, civic organizations, and quasi-public uses shall be permitted on private property and set back in accordance with the requirements of the zoning district in which located. Each sign shall not be more than three (3) square feet in area. The top of such sign shall not exceed eight (8) feet above grade. In the event that more than one sign is to be placed at one location, all civic organizations and service clubs signs must be consolidated and confined within a single frame, and all signs for places of worship shall be consolidated and confined within a single frame which may be separate from that for civic organizations and service clubs. 130.1304 Signs permitted in recreation-conservation and agricultural districts. Sec . 13.04. A . One incidental sign advertising the type of farm products grown on the farmstead premises is permitted. Such sign shall not exceed thirty-two (32) square feet in area . B. One sign for each public street frontage identifying a park, or school building, other authorized use, or a lawful nonconforming use, each sign not to exceed eighteen (18) square feet in area. 130.1305 Signs permitted in residential districts. Sec. 13.05. The following signs are permitted: A. One sign for each public street frontage advertising a recorded subdivision or development, each sign not to exceed eighteen (18) square feet in area. Such sign shall be removed within one year after the sale of ninety percent (90 %) of all lots or units within said subdivision or development. B. One sign on each street frontage of a new multiple-family development advertising the new dwelling units for rent, not to exceed eighteen (18) square feet in area. Such sign shall be removed within sixty (60) days of the initial rental of ninety percent (90%) of the dwelling units within the development or within the first phase, whichever is applicable. C. One sign for each public street frontage identifying a multiple-family building, subdivision, or development, not having commercial connotations, each sign not to exceed eighteen (18) square feet in area. 174 �130.1305 D. One sign advertising "For Rent" or "Vacancy" may be placed on each frontage of a rental residential development provided that such sign shall not exceed three (3) square feet in area and is incorporated into the identification sign permitted in Section 13.05C, preceding. E. One sign for each public street frontage identifying a school, church, public building, other authorized use or lawful nonconforming use, each sign not to exceed eighteen (18) square feet in area. 130.1306 Signs permitted in business and industrial districts. Sec. 13 .06. A. A sign, except outdoor advertising signs, which shall be regulated as set forth in Section 13 .07 herein, in C-1, 0 and R-D districts, is permitted only where it identifies an enterprise occupying the same lot upon which the sign is located and shall conform to the following regulations : 1. An identification sign, limited to one sign per building, may be affixed to a wall of the building . If the building contains more than one enterprise, as in a shopping center, each enterprise located therein may have one such sign. Total sign area for wall signs shall not exceed two (2) square feet for each foot of length of the wall to which it is affixed. Wall signs shall not project more than one (1) foot from the wall face, as measured to the farthest face of the sign. 2. Where more than one sign is permitted on a wall face, the minimum horizontal distance between such signs shall be two (2) feet. 3. One free-standing identification sign may be erected for an individual lot, or group of lots developed as one lot, when not provided for by Sections 13.06A-4 and A-5, following, and shall not exceed thirty-six (36) square feet in area for offices and eighty (80) square feet in area for other uses . If the lot fronts on more than one street, the total permitted sign area may be divided among two (2) or more such signs, provided, however, that the maximum permitted sign area shall not be exceeded. 4. One free-standing identification sign may be erected for a research park or office center, or combined research park/office center. Such sign shall not exceed thirty-six (36) square feet in area. If the lot fronts on two or more collector or arterial streets, one such sign may be permitted for each such frontage. 175 �130.1306 5. One (1) free-standing identification sign stating the name of a shopping center or commercial development, and major tenants therein, may be erected for a shopping center or other integrated group of store or commercial buildings. The sign area shall not exceed one (1) square foot per front foot of building, or buildings, for which it is erected; however, such sign shall not exceed two hundred (200) square feet in area. If the lot fronts on two or more collector or arterial streets, one (1) such sign may be permitted for each such frontage. 6. Identification signs for rear or side entrances shall be permitted, at the rate of one (1) such sign for each entrance, provided that the area of each such sign shall not exceed four (4) square feet. The area shall not be included in the area limitations set forth elsewhere in this Section. 7. Wall signs shall not extend above the top edge of walls . 8. Signs may be placed on the vertical faces of a marquee in place of a wall sign. One (1) identification sign per establishment, not exceeding four (4) square feet in area, may be placed on the underside of a marquee provided it does not project below the lower edge of a marquee more than twenty-four (24) inches , but the bottom of a sign placed on a marquee shall be no less than eight (8) feet above the sidewalk or grade at any point. No part of the sign shall project above the top of the vertical faces of a marquee. B. In 1-1 districts, a sign, except outdoor advertising signs, which shall be regulated as set forth in Section 13. 07, herein, is permitted only where it identifies a business occupying the lot upon which the sign is located. Such signs shall conform to the following regulations: 1. An identification sign, limited to one (1) sign per building, may be affixed to a wall of the building. If the building contains more than one enterprise, each enterprise may have one (1) such sign, similarly affixed. Total sign area shall not exceed one (1) square foot for each foot in length of the wall to which it is affixed . A wall sign shall not project more than one (1) foot from the face of the wall, measured to the farthest face of the sign. 2. One (1) free-standing identification sign may be erected for an industrial park, district, or subdivision, or for an individual lot or group of lots. The area of such sign shall not exceed eighty (80) square feet. If the lot fronts on two or more collector or arterial streets, one (1) sign may be permitted on each such frontage. 176 �130.1309 3. Identification signs for rear or side entrances shall be permitted, at the rate of one (1) for each entrance, provided that the area of each such sign shall not exceed four (4) square feet. The area shall not be included in the area limitations set forth elsewhere in this Section. 4. Wall signs shall not extend above the top edge of walls. 130.1307 Outdoor advertising signs. Sec. 13.07. Outdoor advertising signs are prohibited in Ann Arbor Township except where permitted by the Highway Advertising Act of 1972 (Act 106, P.A. 1972). Cross reference(s)--Outdoor advertising signs ordinance, Pt. 121. 130.1308 Signs for automobile service stations. Sec. 13 .08. Signs for automobile service stations shall be regulated as set forth in Section 13 .06A, herein. In addition, the following regulations shall apply: A. The permitted wall sign or legend may be attached either to a wall of the building or to the canopy of a fuel pump island. B. One (1) permanent sign for the purpose of advertising gasoline prices and similar announcements, when mounted on a free-standing structure or on the structure of another permitted sign, may be installed along each street frontage, provided that clear views of street traffic by motorists or pedestrians are not obstructed in any way. Such sign(s) shall not exceed six (6) square feet in area. All temporary signs for such purposes and all banners, streamers, flags (other than state or national flags) and similar advertising objects shall be prohibited. 130.1309 Exemptions. Sec . 13 .09. The following types of signs are exempted from all the provisions of this Ordinance except for construction and safety regulations and the following standards: A. Signs of a noncommercial nature and in the public interest, erected by, or on the order of, a public officer in the performance of his public duty, such as directional signs, regulatory signs , and informational signs . 177 �130.1310 B. Temporary signs announcing any public, charitable, educational, or religious event or function, located entirely within the premises of that institution and set back not less than ten (10) feet from the property line. Maximum sign area shall be twenty-four (24) square feet. Such signs shall be allowed no more than fourteen (14) days prior to the event or function and must be removed within seven (7) days after the event or function. If building mounted, these signs shall be flat wall signs and shall not project above the roof line. If ground mounted, the top shall be no more than six (6) feet above ground level. C. Names of buildings, dates of erection, monument citations, commemorative tablets and the like, when carved into stone, concrete, or similar material or made of other permanent type construction and made an integral part of the structure. D. Signs directing traffic movement onto a property or within a property, not exceeding eight (8) square feet in area for each sign. Horizontal directional signs on and flush with paved areas are exempt from these standards. E. Temporary real estate directional signs, not exceeding three (3) square feet in area and four (4) in number, showing a directional arrow and placed back of the property line, shall be permitted on approach routes to an "open house" and shall be displayed only during daylight hours. The tops of such signs shall not exceed three (3) feet in height. F. Political campaign signs announcing candidates seeking public political office and other data pertinent thereto. G. National, state, municipal, and university flags. H. "No trespassing," "no hunting," and similar signs prohibiting invasion of private property, provided the area of such sign shall not exceed two (2) square feet. 130.1310 Prohibited signs. Sec. 13.10. The following signs are prohibited anywhere within Ann Arbor Township: A. Signs which imitate an official traffic sign or signal, which contain the words "stop," "go," "slow," "caution," "danger," "warning," or similar words except as provided in Section 13.09D, herein. 178 �130.1311 B. Signs which are of a size, location, content, coloring, or manner of illumination which may be confused with or construed as a traffic control device or which hide from view any traffic or street sign or signal or which obstruct the view in any direction at a street or road intersection. C. Signs which contain or consist of pennants, ribbons, streamers, spinners, strings of light bulbs, or other similar devices. D . Signs which are placed on a street or other public right-of-way. E . Signs which are pasted or attached to utility poles, trees, or other signs, except as provided in Section 13.09H. F. Signs which move in any manner or have a major moving part or give an illusion of motion. G. Signs which swing or otherwise noticeably move as a result of wind pressure because of the manner of suspension or attachment. 130.1311 Permit and fees. Sec. 13 .11. A. Application for a permit to erect or replace a sign, or to change copy thereon, shall be made by the owner of the property on which the sign is to be located, or his authorized agent; to the Township Building Inspector, by submitting the required forms, fees, exhibits, and infonnation. Fees for sign permits shall be determined by resolution of the Township Board and no part of such fee shall be returnable to the applicant. No fee shall be required of any governmental body or agency. B. The application shall contain the following infonnation: 1. The applicant 's name and address in full, and a complete description of relationship to the property owner. 2. The signature of the property owner concurring in submittal of said application. 179 �130.1312 3. An accurate survey drawing of the property showing location of all buildings and structures and their uses, and location of the proposed sign. 4. A complete description and scale drawings of the sign, including all dimensions and the area in square feet. C. All signs shall be inspected by the Township Building Inspector for conformance to this Ordinance prior to placement on the site. Foundations shall be inspected by the Building Inspector on the site prior to pouring of the concrete for the sign support structure. D. Any sign involving electrical components shall be wired by a licensed electrician in accordance with the Ann Arbor Township Electrical Code and the electrical components used shall bear an Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., seal of inspection. E. A sign permit shall become null and void if the work for which the permit was issued has not been completed within a period of six (6) months after the date of the permit. A permit may be renewed and no additional fee shall be collected for the renewal. F. Painting, repainting, cleaning, and other normal maintenance and repair of a sign or a sign structure, unless a structural or copy change is made, shall not require a sign permit. G. All signs shall comply with the requirements of the building code of Ann Arbor Township. 130.1312 lllumination. Sec. 13.12. A. The light from any illuminated sign or from any light source, including the interior of a building, shall be so shaded, shielded, or directed that the light intensity or brightness shall not adversely affect surrounding or facing premises nor adversely affect safe vision of operators of vehicles moving on public or private roads, highways, or parking areas. Light shall not shine or reflect onto or into residential structures. B. No sign shall have blinding, flashing, or fluttering lights or other illuminating devices which have a changing light intensity, brightness, or color, or which are so constructed and operated as to create an appearance or illusion of writing or printing, 180 �130.1314 except that movement showing the date, the time, and the temperature exclusively may be permitted. Nothing contained in this Ordinance shall, however, be construed as preventing the use of lights or decorations related to religious and patriotic festivities. Beacon lights or search lights shall not be permitted as a sign for advertising purposes. C . No exposed reflective type bulbs and no strobe lights or incandescent lamps shall be used on the exterior surface of any sign so as to expose the face of the bulb, light, or lamp to any public street or adjacent property. 130.1313 Computation of surface area. Sec. 13 .13 . A. The surface area of a sign shall be computed as including the entire area within a regular geometric form or combination of such forms comprising all of the display area of the sign and including all of the elements of the matter displayed. Frames and structural members not bearing copy or display material shall not be included in computation of surface area. Where a sign has two (2) or more faces, the area of all faces shall be included in determining the area of the sign, except that where two (2) such faces are placed back to back, parallel to one another, and no more than twenty-four (24) inches apart, the area of the sign shall be the area of one (1) face. 130.1314 Removal. Sec . 13.14. A . The Building Inspector shall order the removal of any sign erected or maintained in violation of this Ordinance. Thirty (30) days notice in writing shall be given to the owner of such sign or of the building, structure, or premises on which such sign is located, to remove the sign or to bring it into compliance with the Ordinance. Upon failure to remove the sign or to comply with this notice, the Township shall remove the sign. The Township shall also remove the sign immediately and without notice if it reasonably appears that the condition of the sign is such as to present an immediate threat to the safety of the public. Any cost of removal incurred by the Township shall be assessed to the owner of the property on which such sign is located and may be collected in the manner of ordinary debt or in the manner of taxes and such charge shall be a lien on the property. 181 �130.1316 B. A sign shall be removed by the owner or lessees of the premises upon which the sign is located when the business which it advertises is no longer conducted on the premises. If the owner or lessee fails to remove the sign, the Township shall remove it in accordance with Section 13.14A, herein. These removal provisions shall not apply where a subsequent owner or lessee conducts the same type of business and agrees to maintain the signs as provided in this Ordinance or changes the copy on the signs to advertise the type of business being conducted on the premises, and provided the signs comply with the other provisions of this Ordinance. 130.1315 Nonconforming signs. Sec. 13 .15. Copy may be changed on nonconforming signs, provided that the sign area is not increased, and provided that no structural changes are made in the sign. 130.1316 Responsibilities for signs. Sec. 13 .16. The following regulations apply to all signs, except those signs permitted in Sections 13 .03 , 13 .04, 13.05A, 13 .05B, and 13.05D. A. The advertiser is hereby made responsible for copy, structure, lighting, and all other parts of a sign. B. Signs shall be constructed and erected only by individuals or companies licensed in the State of Michigan for such purpose. C . All signs requiring permits shall display, in a conspicuous place, evidence of the permit and containing such data as might be required by the Building Inspector, including the name of the individual or company erecting the sign. D. Each individual or company erecting signs within Ann Arbor Township shall annually provide the Building Inspector with a certificate of public liability insurance. A permit for erecting a sign shall not be issued unless such certificate is on file with the Building Inspector. E . All signs and components thereof shall be kept in good repair and in a safe, clean, neat, and attractive appearance. 182 �130.1317 Registry. Sec. 13 .17. The Building Inspector shall maintain an up-to-date registry of each sign erected in Ann Arbor Township after the effective date of this Ordinance. The registry shall contain the following information: location of the sign, name and address of the property owner, advertiser, and individual or company erecting a sign and height, dimensions, and face area, and date of placement on the site. ARTICLES XIV--XIX Reserved for future use. 183 �I ADMINISTRATION & ENFORCEMENT �ARTICLE XX 130.2000 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT 130.2001 Zoning Inspector. Sec. 20.01 . The office of Zoning Inspector is hereby created. The Zoning Inspector shall be appointed by the Ann Arbor Township Board. 130.2002 Duties and powers of Zoning Inspector. Sec. 20.02. The Zoning Inspector shall have the following duties and powers: A. The Zoning Inspector shall administer and enforce all provisions of this Zoning Ordinance and shall issue all necessary notices or orders to insure compliance with said provisions, except as otherwise provided elsewhere in this Ordinance. B. The Zoning Inspector shall receive applications for and issue certificates of zoning compliance in accordance with this Ordinance and shall issue certificates of occupancy as required herein. C. The Zoning Inspector shall make all inspections required by this Ordinance, and all inspections necessary to enforce the provisions of this Ordinance, and may engage the assistance of the Township Fire Chief, Building Inspector, and Engineer as deemed necessary in making such inspections. The Zoning Inspector may engage other expert opinion to assist in making such inspections, subject to approval of the Ann Arbor Township Board. D. The Zoning Inspector shall identify and process all violations of the Zoning Ordinance. The Zoning Inspector shall be responsible for making periodic inspections of the Township or parts thereof for the purpose of identifying violations of this Ordinance. E. The Zoning Inspector shall keep official records of applications received, certificates issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and notices and orders issued. F. The Zoning Inspector shall submit to the Township Board and Planning Commission an annual report in which a summary of the activities of the office is presented. 184 �130.2003 Certificates of zoning compliance. Sec. 20.03. A. Applications for certificates of zoning compliance shall be made to the Zoning Inspector. Each application shall include a site plan if required in Section 20.03K, herein, and all information necessary to determine zoning compliance. B. All plans to be submitted to the Building Inspector for a building permit shall first be submitted for review and approval by the Zoning Inspector with respect to the requirements of the Zoning Ordinance. No building permit shall be issued unless a certificate of zoning compliance has been issued by the Zoning Inspector for the same development and is in effect. C. In all cases in which an occupancy permit is required, but a building permit is not required, the occupancy permit shall not be issued unless a certificate of zoning compliance has been issued by the Zoning Inspector and is in effect. D. A certificate of zoning compliance shall not be issued for any use or structure unless said use or structure and the lot on which situated meet all requirements of this Ordinance; provided, however, that a certificate of zoning compliance shall be issued for a use or structure and the lot on which situated on which one or more legal nonconformities exist. In such case, the certificate of zoning compliance shall not be issued for any use or structure and the lot on which situated if any illegal nonconformity exists thereon. E. Application for a certificate of zoning compliance may be made by the owner or lessee of the structure or lot, or agent of either, or by the licensed engineer or architect employed in connection with the proposed work or operation. If the application is made by a person other than the owner in fee, it shall be accompanied by a duly verified affidavit of the owner or the qualified person making the application that the proposed work or operation is authorized by the owner in fee and that the applicant is authorized to make such application. The full names and addresses of the owner, lessee, applicant, and of the responsible officers, if the owner or lessee is a corporate body, shall be stated in the application. F. Subject to the limitations of Section 20.03H, herein, approved amendments to a plan, application, or other records accompanying the same may be filed at any time with the Zoning Inspector before completion of the work for which the certificate was approved and before a certificate of occupancy is issued; and such amendments, when approved, shall be deemed part of the original application and shall be filed therewith. 185 �130.2003 G. The Zoning Inspector shall examine or cause to be examined all applications for a certificate of zoning compliance and amendments thereto within a reasonable time after filing. If the application or the plans do not conform to all requirements of this Ordinance, the Zoning Inspector shall reject such application in writing, stating the reasons therefor. If the application or plans do so conform, the Zoning Inspector shall issue a certificate of zoning compliance therefor as soon as practicable. The Zoning Inspector shall attach his/her signature to every certificate, or he/she may authorize a subordinate to affix such signature thereto. The Zoning Inspector shall stamp and endorse all sets of corrected and approved plans submitted with such application as "Approved." H. An application for a certificate of zoning compliance shall be deemed to have been abandoned six (6) months after the date of filing unless such application has been diligently pursued or a building permit shall have been issued, or a certificate of occupancy shall have been issued for a use not requiring a building permit. The Zoning Inspector may, for reasonable cause, grant one or more extensions of time for additional periods not exceeding ninety (90) days each. Any certificate issued shall become invalid if the authorized work is suspended or abandoned for a period of six (6) months after time of commencing the work. I. In case of any false statement or misrepresentation of fact in the application or on the plans on which the certificate was based, any zoning compliance certificate issued thereto shall be deemed null and void. J. Issuance of a certificate of zoning compliance shall be subject to the following conditions: 1. No certificate shall be issued until the required fees have been paid. 2. All work or use shall conform to the approved application and plans for which the certificate has been issued and any approved amendments thereto. 3. All work or use shall conform to the approved final site plan, if required, except foundation and grading permits may be issued in accordance with Section 22.03E, herein. 186 �130.2005 K. An application for a certificate of zoning compliance shall be accompanied either by a site plan as required in this Section, or by a site plan as required under Article XXII herein, "Site Plan Review,"' whichever applies. If a site plan is not required under Article XXII, herein, a site plan shall be submitted as required by this Section. A required site plan shall be drawn to scale, submitted in three (3) copies, and shall provide the following information: 1. Scale, date, and north point. 2. Location, shape, and dimensions of the lot. 3. Dimensioned location, outline, and dimensions of all existing and proposed structures, and the location and extent of all uses not involving structures. 4. A clear description of existing and intended uses of all structures. 5. Additional information as required by the Zoning Inspector for the purposes of determining compliance with the provisions of this Ordinance. 130.2004 Building permits. Sec. 20.04. No building permit shall be issued for the erection, alteration, moving, or repair of any structure or part thereof which does not comply with all provisions of this Ordinance and unless a certificate of zoning compliance has been issued therefor by the Zoning Inspector and is in effect. No structure shall be erected, moved, added to, or structurally altered unless a building permit shall have been issued therefor by the Building Inspector. 130.2005 Certificates of occupancy. Sec. 20.05. A. Requirement: issuance. It shall be unlawful to use or occupy or to permit the use or occupancy of any structure or premises, or both, or part thereof hereafter created, erected, changed, converted, or wholly or partly altered or enlarged in its use or structure until a certificate of occupancy shall have been issued therefor by the Building Inspector. A certificate of occupancy shall not be issued until it has been signed by the Zoning Inspector, said signature signifying compliance with all provisions of the Zoning Ordinance. A certificate of occupancy shall not be issued for any building or structure or a part thereof, or for the use of land, which does not comply with all provisions of this Ordinance. The certificate shall state that the building, structure, and lot and use thereof, 187 �130.2005 conform to the requirements ofthis Ordinance, and shall list each legal nonconformity existing on the premises. Failure to obtain a certificate of occupancy when required shall be a violation of this Ordinance and punishable under Section 20.10, herein. B. Use of lot without structure. Any lot vacant at the effective date of this Ordinance shall not be used, nor may any use of a lot without a structure existing at the effective date of this Ordinance be changed to any other use, unless a certificate of occupancy shall have first been issued for the new or different use. A certificate of occupancy shall not be required for agriculturally used lands, such as cropland, pasture land, and woodland. C. Change in structure. A structure or part thereof shall not be changed to or occupied by a use different from that existing at the effective date of this Ordinance unless a certifi~ate of occupancy is first issued for the different use. D. New or altered structure. Any structure, or part thereof, which is erected or altered after the effective date of this Ordinance, shall not be occupied or used or occupancy or use, cause to be done, until a certificate of occupancy is issued for such structure. E. Existing structure and use. A certificate of occupancy shall be issued, upon request of the owner, for an existing structure or part thereof, or for an existing use of land, including legal nonconforming uses and structures, if after inspection of the premises, it is found that such structures or uses comply with all provisions _ofthis Ordinance, or otherwise have legal, nonconforming status. All legal nonconformities shall be clearly described on the certificate of occupancy. A certificate of occupancy shall not be issued for any premises on which illegal nonconformities exist. F. Accessmy structures. An accessory structure shall require a separate certificate of occupancy, unless included in the certificate of occupancy issued for the principal structure, when such accessory structure is completed under the same building permit as the principal structure. G. Application. Application for certificates of occupancy shall be made in writing to the Building Inspector on forms therefor furnished. H. Certificates to include zoning. Certificates of occupancy as required by the Township Building Code for new buildings or structures, or parts thereof, or for alterations or repairs to existing buildings or structures, shall also constitute certificates of occupancy as required by this Ordinance, provided said certificates are signed by the Zoning Inspector. 188 �130.2009 L Temporary certificates. Where permitted under the Township Building Code, a temporary certificate of occupancy may be issued provided that the temporary certificate is signed by the Zoning Inspector. 130.2006 Inspection. Sec. 20.06. The applicant for a certificate of occupancy shall notify the Zoning Inspector and the Building Inspector when inspection is desir.ed. The Zoning Inspector shall sign the certificate of occupancy within ten (10) days after inspection of such application if the Zoning Inspector finds, after inspection, that the building or structure, or part thereof, or the use of land, complies with the provisions of this Ordinance and with all approved site plans. If the Zoning Inspector refuses to issue such certificate, he/she shall notify the applicant in writing of such refusal and the reasons therefore, within the aforesaid ten (10) day period. 130.2007 Records. Sec. 20.07. The Zoning Inspector and Building Inspector shall maintain records of all certificates and permits issued under this Ordinance and said records shall be open for public inspection. 130.2008 Fees. Sec. 20.08 . The Township Board shall establish a schedule of fees for administering this Article. The schedule of fees shall be posted on public display in the office of the Building Inspector and may be changed only by the Township Board. No certificate or permit shall be issued unless required fees have been paid in full . 130.2009 Compliance with plans. Sec. 20.09. Building permits and certificates of occupancy listed on the basis of plans and applications approved by the Building Inspector authorize only the use, arrangement, and construction set forth in such approved plans and applications, and no other use, arrangement, or construction. Use, arrangement, or construction at variance with that authorized shall be deemed a violation of this Ordinance and punishable as provided by Section 20.10, herein. 189 �130.2010 Violations and penalties. Sec. 20.10. A, Notice of violation. The Zoning Inspector shall serve a notice of violation or order on the person responsible for the erection, construction, alteration, extension, repair, use, or occupancy of a structure or lot in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, or in violation of a site plan or application approved hereunder, or in violation of a Zoning Compliance certificate issued hereunder, and such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action or condition and the abatement of the violation. B. Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the Zoning Inspector is hereby authorized to issue an appearance ticket to the suspected violator pursuant to Public Act No. 175 of the Public Acts of 1927, as amended. The · Zoning Inspector shall also request the Township Attorney to institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct, or abate such violation or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful use of the lot or structure in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance or the order or direction made pursuant thereto. C. Violation penalties. Any person who shall violate a provision of this Ordinance or shall fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof, or who shall erect, construct, alter, or repair a structure in violation of an approved site plan or directive of the Zoning Inspector or of a Zoning Compliance certificate issued under the provisions of this Ordinance, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars ($500.00) or by imprisonment not exceeding ninety (90) days, or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day violation occurs shall be deemed a separate offense. D. Abatement of violation. The imposition of the penalties herein prescribed shall not preclude the Township Attorney from instituting appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct, or abate a violation, or to prevent illegal occupancy of a structure or premises, or to stop an illegal act, conduct, business, or use of a structure or premises. E. Stop-work order. Upon notice from the Zoning Inspector that work on any structure or premises is being pursued contrary to the provisions of this Ordinance, such work shall be immediately stopped. The stop-work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property involved, or to the person doing the work, and shall state the conditions under which the work may be resumed. Any person who shall continue any work in or about the structure or premises after having been served with a stop-work order, except such work as he is directed by the Zoning Inspector to perform to remove a 190 �130.2010 violation or unsafe conditions, shall be liable to a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100.00) per day. F. Public nuisance per se. Any structure which is erected, altered, or converted, or any use of any structure or lot which is commenced or changed after the effective date of this Ordinance, in violation of any of the provisions herein is hereby declared to be a public nuisance per se, and may be abated by order of any court of competent jurisdiction. (Amended: Ord. of 4-14-86, 4-14-86) 191 ��ARTICLEXXI 130.2100 CONDITIONAL USES 130.2101 General provisions. Sec. 21.01. The formulation and enactment of this Ordinance is based upon the division of the unincorporated portions of Ann Arbor Township into districts in each of which certain specified, mutually compatible uses are permitted by right. In addition to such uses, however, there are certain other uses which are essential or desirable for the welfare of the community and its citizenry or substantial parts of it. Such uses are entirely appropriate and not essentially incompatible with the uses permitted by right in a zoning district but not at every or any location therein, or without restriction or conditions being imposed by reason of special problems presented by the use or its particular location in relation to neighboring properties from a zoning standpoint. This Ordinance, therefore, requires approval as to location of all uses listed in the several zoning districts as conditional uses and specifies in this Article the procedures and standards to be followed in granting permits to allow such uses. If compliance with the procedures and standards set forth in Article X, "Schedule of District Regulations", and in Article XI, "Supplementary District Regulations", herein, if applicable, and this Article are found, then the right to a conditional use permit shall exist, subject to specific safeguarding conditions as may be imposed by reason of the nature, location, and external effects of such use. No conditional use shall commence until a conditional use permit is issued therefor in accordance with this Ordinance. The term "conditional use" as used in this Ordinance is the same as the term "special land use" as provided in Act 184, P.A. 1943, as amended. )30.2102 Authority to grant permits. Sec. 21.02. The Township Board shall have the authority to grant conditional use permits. 130.2103 Application and fee. Sec. 21.03. Application for a conditional use permit shall be made by filing an application form with the required information and the required fee with the Township Clerk. The fee shall be set by resolution of the Ann Arbor Township Board, except that no fee shall be required for a conditional use application for a single-family residence or of any governmental body or agency. No part of such fee shall be returnable to the applicant. The Clerk shall transmit a copy of the application form and the required information to the Chairperson of the Planning Commission within three (3) days of the filing date. 192 �130.2105 130.2104 Information required. Sec. 21 .04. An application for a conditional use permit shall contain the following information: A. The applicant's name, address, and telephone numqer. B. The names and addresses of all owners of record and proof of ownership. C. The applicant's interest in the property, and if the applicant is not the fee-simple owner, the owner's signed authorization for the application. D. Legal description, address, and tax parcel number of the property. E. A scaled and accurate survey drawing, correlated with the legal description, and showing all existing buildings, drives, and other improvements. F. A detailed description of the proposed use. G. A site plan, meeting the requirements of a preliminary site plan, as set forth in Section 22.03, herein. 130.2105 Public hearing. Sec. 21.05. L..!.:.~~~=~~~<!.il,~t~. The Planning Commission shall hold a public hearing on an application for a conditio 1 use permit within sixty-five (65) days of the filing date. A notice of the public hearing hall be published once in a newspaper which circulates in the Township. A notice shall so be sent by mail or personal delivery to the owners of property for which approval is eing considered, to all persons to whom real property is assessed within three hundred ( 0) feet of the boundary of the property in question, and to the occupants of all structures 'thin three hundred (300) feet. The notice shall be given not less than five (5) nor mo than fifteen (15) days before the date of the public hearing. If the name of the occupant ·s not known, the term "occupant" may be used in making notification. Notification nee not be given to more than one (1) occupant of a structure, except that if a structure con ·ns more than one ( 1) dwelling unit or spatial area owned or leased by different individuals, artnerships, businesses, or organizations, one ( 1) occupant of each unit or spatial area sh 11 receive notice. In case of a single structure containing mor~ than four (4) dwelling units r other district spatial areas owned or leased by different individuals, partnerships, b inesses, or organization, notice may be given to the manager or owner of the structure wlio shall be requested to post the notice at 193 �130.2107 the primary entrance to the structure. B. Contents of notification. The notice of public hearing shall: e of the conditional use requested. which is the subject of the conditional use requested. 3. State when and where the ublic hearing will be held. 4. Indicate when and where wri en comments will be received concerning the request. 130.2106 Planning Commission action. ~ Sec. 21.06. The Planning Commission shall r iew the application for a conditional use permit in reference to the standards and findings required ein and in relation to the information r"_ _.. provided at the public hearing. The Planning Co · sion shall recommend approval, approval f~ with conditions, or denial of the application for a cond1 ·onal use permit and shall transmit its recommendations, together with a report thereon, to the ship Board. The report shall contain the Planning Commission's analysis of the applicatio in relation to the required standards and findings, and shall include a summary of the fin s made as a result of the public hearing. The Planning Commission shall make its report and reco endation within sixty (60) days of the public hearing. This period may be extended by written a ement between the Planning Commission and the applicant. 130.2107 Township Board Action. Sec. 21.07. The Township Board shall review the recommendation and report of the Planning Commission and shall approve, approve with conditions, or deny the application of a conditional use permit within sixty (60) days of the meeting at which the recommendation was received from the Planning Commission. This period may be extended by written agreement between the Township Board and the applicant. The Township Board's decision basis for decision, and all conditions imposed, shall be described in a written statement, which shall be made a part of the record of the meeting at which action is taken. 194 �Article XXI. Conditional Uses. 130.2105 Public Hearing. Section 21.05, Subsections A and B are amended to read as follows, and n.ew Subsection C is added: "A . Notification requirements. The Planning Commission shall establish a date for a public hearing on an application for a conditional use permit after confirming that the applicant has provided all information and paid all fees required by this Ordinance. 1. A notice of the public hearing shall be published once in a newspaper which circulates in the Township. The notice of public heari!}g shall be published not less than five (5) nor more than fifteen (15) days before the .date of the public hearing. 2. A notice shall also be sent by mail or personal delivery to the owners of property for which approval is being considered, to all persons to whom real property is assessed within three hundred (300) feet of the boundary of the property in question, and to the occupants of all structures within three hundred (300) feet. The notice shall be given not less than five (5) or more than fifteen (15) days before the date of the public hearing. If the name of the occupant is not known, the term "occupant" may be used in making notification. Notification need not be given to more than one (1) occupant of a structure, except that if a structure contains more than one (1) dwelling unit or spatial area owned or leased by different individuals, partnerships, businesses, or organizations, one (1) occupant of each unit or spatial area shall receive notice. In case of single structure containing more than four (4) dwelling units or other distinct spatial areas owned or leased by different individuals, partnerships, businesses, or organization, notice may be given to the manager or owner of the structure who shall be requested to post the notice at the primary entrance to the structure. An additional notice shall be sent by mail or personal delivery to the persons described above not less than twenty (20) days before the date of the public hearing. B. Contents of Notification. The Notice of Public Hearing and the Notice sent by mail or personal delivery shall: 1. Describe the nature of the conditional use requested. 2. Describe the property which is the subject of the conditional use requested. 3. State when and where the public hearing will be held. 4. request. Indicate when and where written comments will be received concerning the 6 �C. Notice by Posting a Sign at the Property. For any proposed conditional use, the petitioner(s) or owher(s) of the property proposed for the conditional use shall place a sigri of no less than four (4) feet by four (4) feet in size on each side of the property which abuts a street. Each sign shall have lettering easily readable from the abutting street. The sign shall not be erected in the road right-of-way or in a manner to obstruct vision of motorists or pedestrians. Each sign shall be erected at least 21 days, but not more than 30 days, before the Planning Commission's public hearing on the petition for conditional use and shall remain in place until after the date of the public hearing. Each s'ign shall be removed from the property no later than three (3) business days following the pubic hearing or adjourned or continued date thereof, whichever is later. Each sign shall state in six (6) inch letters "PROPERTY PROPOSED FOR A CONDITIONAL USE," and shall state in letters of no less than two (2) inches the street address or tax code parcel number(s), acreage of the property proposed for the conditional use, state the zoning of the property, state the conditional use that is being requested, and state the date, time and place of the initial public hearing on the petition for conditional use. Upon request of the zoning inspector, the petitioner shall post a bond in an amount not to exceed $100 per sign to ensure the removal of the sign as hereafter provided. The zoning inspector shall inspect the property proposed for a conditional use to see that it complies with this Section, and shall submit an affidavit of such determination to the Planing Commission not less than seven (7) days prior to the public hearing on the petitioner. Signs erected under this section are exempt from other provisions of the Township ordinances regulating signs. Failure to comply with any provision of this Section shall not constitute grounds for invalidating or setting aside the granting of the petition for a conditional use, but shall constitute grounds for adjourning and rescheduling the public hearing. The recommendation filed by the Township Planing Commission with the Township Board shall state whether the petition has complied with this section. 7 �Article XXI Conditional Uses. 130.2106 Planning Co~ion Action is amended to read as follows: · "Section 21.06. The Planning Commission shall review the application for a conditional use permit in reference to the standards and findings required herein and in relation to the information provided at the public hearing. The Planning Commission shall recommend approval, approval with conditions, or denial of the application for a conditional use permit and shall transmit its recommendations, together with a report thereon, to the Township Board.' ··Toe report shall contain the Planning Commission's analysis of the application in relation to the required standards and findings, and shall include a summary of the findings made as a result of the public hearing. The Planning Commission shall make its report and recommendation within one hundred thirty-five (135) days after the date on which the Planning Commission sets the public hearing on the conditional use permit. This period may be extended by written agreement between the Planning Commission and the applicant." 8 �130.2109 130.2108 Required standards and findings. Sec. 21.08. The Planning Commission and the Township Board shall review the particular circumstances and facts of each proposed use in terms of the following standards and required findings, and with respect to any additional standards set forth in Article XI, "Supplemental Regulations," herein. The Planning Commission shall find and record adequate data, information, and evidence showing that the proposed use meets all required standards. A. Will be harmonious, and in accordance with the objectives, intent, and purposes of this Ordinance. B. Will be compatible with the natural environment and existing and future land uses 1n the vicinity. C. Will be compatible with the General Development Plan. D. Will be served adequately by essential public facilities and services, such as highways, streets, police and fire protection, drainage ways and structures, refuse disposal, or that the persons or agencies responsible for the establishment of the proposed use shall be able to provide adequately any such services. E. Will not be detrimental, hazardous, or disturbing to existing or future neighboring uses, persons, property or the public welfare. F. Will not create additional requirements at public cost for public facilities and services that will be detrimental to the economic welfare of the community. 130.2109 Conditions of approval Sec. 21.09. In granting a conditional use permit, the Township Board shall impose conditions it deems necessary to achieve the objectives and standards of this Ordinance, the standards of the Township Rural Zoning Act (Act 184, PA 1943, as amended), and the public health, safety, and welfare of Ann Arbor Township. Failure to comply with any such conditions shall be considered a violation of this Ordinance. An approved conditional use permit, including all attached conditions, shall run with the parcel in the approval and shall remain unchanged except upon mutual consent of the Township Board and the landowner. Any such change shall be entered into Township records and recorded in the minutes of the Township Board meeting at which the action occurred. A public hearing shall be held on any proposed changes as required for an original application. 195 �130.2110 13 0.2110 Re-application. Sec. 21.09. No application for a conditional use permit which has been denied wholly or in part by the Township Board shall be resubmitted for a period of three hundred sixty-five (365) days from the date of denial, except on grounds of new evidence or proof of changed conditions found by the Planning Commission to be valid. 196 �I SITE PLAN REVIEW �ARTICLE XXII 130.2200 SITE PLAN REVIEW 130.2201 Authority for site plan review. Sec. 22.01. The Ann Arbor Township Planning Commission shall have the authority to review and approve or reject preliminary and final site plans as required in this Article. 130.2202 Development and uses requiring site plan review. Sec. 22.02. Toe following buildings, structures, and uses require site plan review: A. A building containing two (2) or more dwelling units; B. A mobile home park; C. Any principal nonresidential building or structure permitted in residential districts and any principal building and structures except single-family residences and all farm buildings and structures permitted in recreation-conservation and agriculture districts; D. Any building with a floor area greater than five hundred (500) square feet, or additions thereto, in any business and industrial districts; E. More than one (1) building or structure, except a sign, on a lot or parcel, or combination of lots under one ownership in any business and industrial districts; F. Any principal use of a lot in any business and industrial district which does not involve a building, such as, but not limited to outdoor sales, outdoor displays, and storage of wrecked vehicles; G. Public utility buildings and structures, but not including poles, towers; H. Any parking lot or addition thereto containing five (5) or more parking spaces; I. Group Foster Care Homes; J. Conditional uses, as required in Article XXI, "Conditional Uses," herein; K. Planned Unit Developments, as required in Section 11.15, herein; L. Any condominium development. 197 �130.2203 The Zoning Inspector shall not issue a certificate of zoning compliance and the Building Inspector shall not issue a building permit for construction of or addition to any one of the above listed buildings or structures until a final site plan therefor has been approved and is in effect. A use not involving a building or structure, as above listed, shall not be commenced or expanded, nor shall the Zoning Inspector issue a certificate of Zoning Compliance, nor shall the Building Inspector issue an occupancy permit for such use until a final site plan has been approved and is in effect. No grading, removal of trees or other vegetation, landfilling or construction of improvements shall commence for any development which requires site plan approval until a final site plan is approved and is in effect, except as otherwise provided in this Article. (Amended: Ord. No. 8-89, 8-21-89) 130.2203 Preliminary site plan. Sec. 22.03. A. Application. Any person with legal interest in a lot may apply for preliminary site plan approval therefor by filing completed forms, the review fee, and five (5) full size preliminary site plan drawing(s) 24"x36" and ten (10) copies reduced to 1/2 size, 12"xl8", with the Township Clerk. The Clerk, upon receipt of the application, shall transmit the preliminary site plan drawings to the Planning Commission at least twenty (20) calendar days prior to its next meeting. B. Information required. Each preliminary site plan submitted for review shall provide the following information: 1. The site plan shall be of a scale not greater than one ( 1) inch equals twenty (20) feet nor less than one (1) inch equals two hundred (200) feet, and of such accuracy that the Planning Commission can readily interpret the plan. 2. Location and description of site; dimensions and area, and vicinity map. 3. General topography, soil information. 4. Property owner's name, address; applicant's name, address, interest in property; owner's signed consent for preliminary site plan approval application if applicant is not the owner. 5. Scale, north arrow, date of plan. 198 �130.2203 6. Proposed buildings/structures: location, outline, general dimensions, distances between floor area, number of floors, height, number and type of dwelling units (where applicable). 7. Location and size of open areas, recreation areas. 8. Proposed streets/drives: general alignment, right-of-way, (where applicable), surface type, and width. 9. Proposed parking: location and dimensions of lots, dimensions of spaces and aisles, angle of spaces, surface type, number of spaces. 10. Existing zoning classification of property; required yards; dwelling unit schedule, density of development, and lot area per dwelling unit schedule, density of development, and lot area per dwelling unit for residential projects; lot coverage (percent) and floor area ratio; location and size of required transition and landscape strips, if applicable. 11. Areas of intended filling, cutting; outline of existing building/structures and drives; existing natural and man-made features be retained or removed. 12. Adjacent land uses; location of adjacent buildings; drives/streets. 13. Location, area of development phases; building program for each phase; projected schedule of development, by phase. 14. Location and width of easements on site. 15. General description of proposed water, sanitary sewer, and storm drainage systems. 16. Location, size, and type of existing trees and brush; location and description of existing wetlands, water courses, and water bodies, whether intermittent or permanent; and the location and description of any other natural features on the site. 17. All drawings shall be on sheets no larger than 24"x36". 199 �130.2203 C. Standards for review. In reviewing a preliminary site plan the Planning Commission shall consider the following standards: 1. That all required information has been provided. 2. That the proposed development as shown in the preliminary site plan conforms to all regulations of the Zoning Ordinance for the district(s) in which it is located. 3. That the applicant is legally authorized to apply for site plan review. 4. That the movement of the vehicular and pedestrian traffic within the site and in relation to access streets and sidewalks will be safe and convenient. 5. That the proposed development will be harmonious with and not harmful, injurious, or objectionable to, existing and future uses in the immediate area and is compatible with the General Development Plan. 6. That natural resources will be preserved to a maximum feasible extent, and that the development as proposed will not cause soil erosion or sedimentation. 7. That the proposed development is adequately coordinated with improvements serving the subject property and with other developments. 8. That the proposed development respects natural topography and minimizes the amount of cutting and filling required. 9. That organic, wet, or other soils which are not suitable for development will be undisturbed, or will be modified in an acceptable manner. 10. That the proposed development properly respects floodways and flood plains on or in the vicinity of the subject property. 11 . That phases of development are in logical sequence so that any phase will not depend upon a subsequent phase for adequate access, public utility services, drainage, or erosion control. 200 �130.2203 D. Planning Commission action. e Planning Commission shall study the plan and shall, within sixty-five (65) days of i receipt of such plan, approve or reject the preliminary site plan. The Planning Co ission may require changes in the plan, and ~ may attach conditions to its approval. The lanning Commission shall advise the applicant in writing of its actions on a preli · ary site plan. The time limit may be extended upon a written request by the applic t and approval by the Planning Commission. The Planning Commission may extend the time limit up to thirty (30) days without written request after giving written notice of such action to the applicant. E. Effect of approval. Approval of a preliminary site plan by the Township Planning Commission shall indicate its acceptance of the proposed layout of buildings, streets, drives, parking areas, and other facilities and areas, and of the general character of the proposed development. The Township Planning Commission may, at its discretion, and with appropriate conditions attached, authorize issuance of permits by the Building Inspector for grading and foundation work on the basis of an approved preliminary site plan. The conditions to be attached to such permit issued for grading and foundation work shall include, but are not limited to, provisions for control of possible erosion, for exempting the Township from any liability if a final site plan is not approved, and for furnishing a bond for restoration of the site if work does not proceed to completion. F. Expiration of approval. Approval of a preliminary site plan shall be valid for a period of one hundred eighty ( 180) days from the date of approval and shall expire and be of no effect unless an application for a final site plan for all or part of the area included in the approved preliminary site plan is filed with the Township Clerk within that time period. The Planning Commission Secretary shall, within ten (10) days of the date of approval of the preliminary site plan, transmit a written certification of such approval to the applicant. If a final site plan is submitted for only a part of the area included in the approved preliminary site plan, successive final site plans shall be filed at intervals no longer than two (2) years from the date of approval of the previously approved final site plan. If such period is exceeded, the approved preliminary site plan will become invalid with respect to the remaining parts of the site, unless the applicant requests and is granted, by the Planning Commission, a one (1) year extension. (Amended: Ord. of 9-17-90, 9-17-90) 201 (I �130.2204 130.2204 Final site plan. Sec. 22.04. A. Application. Following approval of a preliminary site plan, the applicant shall submit to the Township Clerk five (5) full size final site plans 24"x36" and other data and exhibits hereinafter required, the review fee, and a completed application form and ten (10) copies reduced to 1/2 size, 12"x18". The Clerk, upon receipt of the application, shall transmit the final site plan drawing(s) to the Planning Commission at least ten (10) days prior to its next regular meeting. B. Information required. Each final site plan submitted for review shall provide the following information and shall meet the following specifications: 1. The site plan shall be of a scale not greater than one (1) inch equals twenty (20) feet nor less than one (1) inch equals two hundred (200) feet, and of such accuracy that the Planning Commission can readily interpret the plan. More than one (1) drawing shall be included as part of a final site plan where required by the Planning Commission for clarity. 2. Scale, north arrow, name and date of plan; date of any revisions thereto. 3. Name and address of property owner and applicant; interest of applicant in property; name and address of developer; owner's signed consent for final site plan approval application if applicant is not the owner. 4. Name and address of designer. A detailed site plan shall be prepared by a registered community planner, architect, landscape architect, engineer, or land surveyor. 5. A vicinity map; legal description of site; dimensions and lot area. Where a metes and bound description is used, lot line angle or bearings shall be indicated on the plan and the lot line dimensions and angles or bearings shall be based upon a boundary survey prepared by a registered surveyor. 6. Existing topography (minimum contour interval of two [2] feet); existing natural features such as trees, wooded areas, streams, marshes, ponds, and other wetlands; clear indication of all natural features to remain and to be removed. Groups of trees shall be shown by an approximate outline of the total canopy; individual deciduous trees of six (6) inch diameter or larger and individual evergreen trees twelve (12) feet in height or higher, not a part of group of trees, are to be accurately located on the plan. 202 �130.2204 7. Existing buildings, structures, and other improvements, including drives, utility poles and towers, easements, pipelines, excavations, ditches (elevations and drainage directions), bridges, culverts; clear indication of all improvements to remain and to be removed; deed restrictions, if any. 8. Owner, use, and zoning classification of adjacent properties; location and outline of buildings, drives, parking lots, other improvements on adjacent properties. 9. Existing public utilities on or serving the property; location and size of water lines and hydrants; location, size, and inverts for sanitary sewer and storm sewer lines; location of manholes and catch basins; location and size of wells, septic tanks and drain fields. 10. Names and rights-of-way of existing streets on or adjacent to the property, surface type and width; spot elevations of street surface, including elevations at intersections with streets and drives of the proposed development. 11. Zoning classification of the subject property; location of required yards; total site area and floor area; total ground floor area and lot coverage (percent); floor area ratio . In the case of residential units, the plan shall note dwelling unit density, lot area per dwelling unit, and a complete schedule of the number, size, and type of dwelling units. 12. Grading plan, showing finished contours at a minimum interval of two (2) feet, and correlated with existing contours so as to clearly indicate cut and fill required. All finished contour lines are to be connected to existing contour lines at the property lines. 13. Location and exterior dimensions of all proposed buildings and structures, location to be referenced to property lines or a common base point; distances between buildings; height and feet in stories; finished floor elevations and contact grade elevations. 14. Location and alignment of all proposed streets and drives; rights-of-way where applicable; surface type and width, and typical cross section of same showing base and sub-base materials, dimensions, and slopes; location and typical details of curbing; turning lanes (where applicable) with details; location, width, surface elevations and grades of all entries and exits; curve-radii. 203 �130.2204 15. Location and dimensions of proposed parking lots; number of spaces in each lot; dimensions of spaces and aisles; drainage pattern of lots; typical cross-section showing surface, base, and sub-base materials; angle of spaces. 16. Location, width, and surface of proposed sidewalks and pedestrian ways. 17. Location, use, size, and proposed improvements of open spaces and recreation areas; maintenance provisions for such areas. 18. Location and type of proposed screens and fences; height, typical elevation and vertical section of screens, showing materials and dimensions. 19. Location of proposed outdoor trash container enclosures; size, typical elevation, and vertical section of enclosure, showing materials and dimensions. 20. Location, type, size, area, and height of proposed signs. 21. Layout, size of lines, inverts, hydrants, drainage flow patterns, location of manholes and catch basins for proposed utilities; location and size of retention ponds and degree of slope of sides of ponds; calculations for sizing of storm drainage facilities; location of electricity and telephone poles and wires; location and size of surface mounted equipment for electricity and telephone services; location and size of underground tanks where applicable; location and size of outdoor incinerators; location and size of wells, septic tanks, and drain fields, if on-site facilities are to be used. Final engineering drawings for all site improvements, such as but not limited to water, sanitary sewer, and storm sewer systems; streets, drives, and parking lots, retention ponds and other ponds or lakes; retaining walls; are to be submitted to and approved by the Township Engineer prior to Planning Commission approval of the final site plan. If on-site water and sewer facilities are to be used, a letter of approval of same by the Washtenaw County Health Department shall be submitted prior to Planning Commission approval. 42. Landscape plan showing location and size of plant materials. 23. Plan for the control of soil erosion and sedimentation during grading and construction operations and until a permanent ground cover is established. Such plan shall be approved by the County Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Enforcing Agent. 204 �130.2204 24. Location of proposed retaining walls, and dimensions and materials of same; fill materials; typical vertical sections; restoration of adjacent properties, where applicable. 25. Location, type, direction, and intensity of outside lighting. 26. Right-of-way expansion where applicable; reservation or dedication of right-of-way to be clearly noted, dedication of right-of-way where applicable shall be executed, or provisions made for same prior to approval of the final site plan by the Planning Commission. 27. All drawings shall be on sheets no larger than 24"x36". C. Standards for review. In reviewing the final site plan, the Planning Commission shall determine whether the plan meets the following specifications and standards: 1. That the final site plan conforms to the preliminary site plan as approved by the Township Planning Commission. 2. That all required information is provided. 3. That the plan complies with all Zoning Ordinance regulations. 4. That the plan, including all engineering drawings, meets specifications of the Township for fire and police protection, water supply, sewage disposal or treatment, storm drainage, and other public facilities and services. 5. That the plan meets all specifications ofthis Article. 6. That the drainage plan for the proposed development is adequate to handle anticipated storm water runoff and will not cause undue runoff onto neighboring property or overloading of water courses in the area. 7. That the proposed development is coordinated with improvements serving the subject property and with other developments in the general vicinity. 8. That outside lighting will not adversely affect adjacent or neighboring properties, or traffic on adjacent streets. 205 �130.2204 9. That outdoor storage of garbage and refuse is contained, screened from view, and located so as not to be a nuisance to the subject property or neighboring properties. 10. That grading or filling will not destroy the character of the property or the surrounding area and will not adversely affect the adjacent or neighboring properties. 11. That parking layout will not adversely affect the flow of traffic within the site or to and from the adjacent streets. 12. That the plan meets the standards of other government agencies, where applicable, and that the approval of these agencies has been obtained or is assured. 13. That the plan provides for the property expansion of existing public streets serving the site, where applicable. D. Planning Commission action. The Planning Commission shall study the final site plan and shall within si -five (65) days of its receipt of said plan approve or reject the final site plan. This time · it may be extended upon written request by the applicant and approval by the Pl g Commission or the Planning Commission may extend the time limit up to thirty (30) d s without written request after giving written notice to the applicant. The Commissi may suggest and/or require changes or modifications in the proposed site plan as are ne ded to gain approval. The Planning Commission shall include in its study of the site Ian consultation with the Township Zoning Inspector, the Township Fire Chief, the To hip Engineer, other governmental officials and departments, and public utility c panies that might have an interest in or be affected by the proposed development. All en · eering drawings and plans shall be approved by the Township Engineer before a final sit plan shall be approved. Upon Planning Commission approval o final site plan, the applicant and owner(s) of record and the Planning Commission Seer ~ shall sign six (6) copies of the approved site plan. The Planning Commission Secre shall transmit two (2) such copies of the approved final site plan and any conditions a ched to such approval to the Zoning Inspector and one signed copy each to the To hip Clerk, Chair of the Planning Commission, and to the applicant. The Planning mmission Secretary shall attach a certificate of approval to the copy to be sent to the licant. One signed copy shall be retained in the Planning Commission's files. If the fin site plan is rejected, the Planning Commission shall notify the applicant in writing of sucfi action and reasons therefore, within ten (10) days following such action. 206 �Article XXII Site Plan Review. Section 130.2204 Final Site Plan. Subsection D, Planning Commission action, is amended to read as follows: "D . Planning Commission action. The Planning Commission shall study the final site plan and shall within sixty-five (65) days of its receipt of said plan confirm that the applicant has provided all information and paid all fees required by this Ordinance for final site plan review. Within one hundred thirty-five (135) days of the date of the meeting at which the Planning Commission confirms that all required information has been provided, the Planning Commission shall apptove or rej,ect the final site plan. This time limit may be extended upon written request by the applicant and approval by the Planning Commission or the Planning Commission may extend the time limit up to thirty (30) days without written request after giving written notice to the applicant. The Commission may suggest and/or require changes or modifications in the proposed site plan as are needed to gain approval. The Planing Commission shall include in its study of the site plan consultation with the Township Zoning Inspector, the Township Fire Chief, the Township Engineer, or other governmental officials and departments, and public utility companies that might have an interest in or be affected by the proposed development. All engineering drawings and plans shall be approved by the Township Engineer before a final site plan shall be approved. Upon Planning Commission approval of a final site plan, the applicant and owner(s) of record and the Planning Commission Secretary shall sign six (6) copies of the approved site plan. The Planning Commission Secretary shall transmit two (2) such copies of the approved final site plan and any conditions attached to such approval to the Zoning Inspector and one signed copy each to the Township Clerk, Chair of the Planning Commission, and to the applicant. The Planning Commission Secretary shall attach a certificate of approval to the copy to be sent to the applicant. One signed copy shall be retained in the Planning Commission's files. If the final site plan is rejected, the Planning Commission shall notify the applicant in writing of such action and reasons therefore, within ten (10) days following such action." The Ordinance amendments shall take effect seven days after publication. Dated: - - - - - - -, 1997 Catherine A. Braun, Clerk Ann Arbor Charter Township C :\ WPDOCS\AA TOWN\ORDINANC\ORDINAN4.AMD 10 �130.2206 E. Effect of approval. Approval of a final site plan authorizes issuance of a certificate of zoning compliance and issuance of a building permit, provided all other requirements for a building permit have been met. In the case of uses without buildings or structures, approval of a final site plan authorizes issuance of a certificate of zoning compliance and issuance of a certificate of occupancy, provided all other requirements for such certificate have been met. F. Expiration of approval. Approval shall expire and be of no effect unless a building permit shall have been taken out within one hundred-eighty (180) days of the date of approval of the final site plan. Approval of final site plan shall expire and be of no effect five hundred forty-five (545) days following the date of approval unless construction has begun on the property and is diligently pursued in conformance with the approved final site plan. 130.2205 Combining preliminary and final site plans. Sec. 22.05. An applicant may, at his discretion and risk, with approval of the Township Planning Commission, combine a preliminary and final site plan in application for approval. The Township Planning Commission shall have the authority to require submittal of a preliminary site plan separate from a final site plan, where, in its opinion, the complexity and/or size of the proposed development so warrant. A preliminary and final site plan shall not be combined for any development consisting of two (2) or more phases. 130.2206 Amendment of approved site plan. Sec. 22.06. A site plan may be amended upon application and in accordance with procedure and requirements provided in Section 22.03, herein, for a preliminary site plan and in Section 22.04, herein, for a final site plan. Minor changes in a preliminary site plan may be incorporated into a final site plan without an amendment to the approved preliminary site plan, at the discretion of the Planning Commission. The Planning Commission may require, in case of minor changes in an approved preliminary or final site plan, that a revised preliminary or final site plan drawing(s) be submitted showing such minor changes, for purposes of record. The Planning Commission shall have authority to determine if a proposed change is a minor or major change and if such change requires an amendment to an approved preliminary or final site plan. 207 �130.2209 130.2207 Modification ofplan during construction. Sec. 22.07. All site improvements shall conform to the approved final site plan. If the applicant makes any changes during construction in the development in relation to the approved final site plan, he shall do so at his own risk, without any assurance that the Planning Commission will approve the changes. It shall be the responsibility of the applicant to notify the Zoning Inspector, the Building Inspector and the Planning Commission of any such changes. The Planning Commission may require the applicant to correct the changes so as to conform to the approved final site plan, and shall notify the applicant within thirty (30) days of any required corrections. 130.2208 Phasing of development Sec. 22.08. The applicant may divide the proposed development into two (2) or more phases. In such case, the preliminary site plan shall cover the entire property involved and shall clearly indicate the location, size, and character of each phase. A final site plan shall be submitted for review and approval for each phase. 130.2209 Inspection. Sec. 22.09. The Zoning Inspector shall be responsible for inspecting all improvements for conformance with the approved final site plan. All sub-grade improvements such as utilities, subbase installations for drives and parking lots, and similar improvements shall be inspected and approved prior to covering. The applicant shall be responsible for requesting the necessary inspection. The Zoning Inspector shall obtain inspection assistance from the Township Fire Chief and Building Inspector and the Engineer, where applicable. The Zoning Inspector shall notify the Planning Commission, in writing, when a development for which a final site plan is approved has passed inspection with respect to the approved final site plan. The Zoning Inspector shall notify the Township Board and the Planning Commission, and the Building Inspector, in writing, of any development for which a final site plan was approved, which does not pass inspection with respect to the approved final site plan, and shall advise the Board and Commission and Building Inspector of steps taken to achieve compliance. In such case, the Zoning Inspector shall periodically notify the Township Board and Planning Commission and Building Inspector of progress towards compliance with the approved final site plan and when compliance is achieved. 208 �130.2211 130.2210 Performance guarantees. Sec. 22.10. A. Irrevocable bank letters of credit, cash deposits, or other security, acceptable to the TownshipBoard, shall be provided by the applicant to the Township Clerk. The guarantee shall be provided after a final site plan is approved but prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy for any building covered by the site plan. The guarantee shall cover site improvements shown on the approved final site plan which will not be completed prior to issuance of the certificate of occupancy. Site improvements shall include, among other items, the following: streets and drives, parking lots, sidewalks, grading, required landscaping, required visual screens, storm drainage, exterior lighting, and utilities. B. The applicant shall provide a cost estimate of the improvements to be covered by the guarantee and such estimate shall be verified as to amount by the Township Engineer. The form of the Guarantee shall be approved by the Township Attorney. C. If the applicant shall fail to provide any site improvements according to the approved plans within the time period specified in the guarantee, the Township Board shall be entitled to enter upon the site and complete the improvements. The Township Board may defray the cost thereof by use of the deposited security, or may require performance by the bonding company. D. If a cash deposit is used, the applicant and Township Clerk shall decide at the time of deposit on the means of rebating portions of the deposit in proportion to the amount of work completed. At no time shall the amount of deposit remaining be less than one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the estimated cost of completing the remaining required improvements. All required inspections for improvements for which the cash deposit is to be rebated shall have been completed before funds are rebated. E. The Zoning Inspector may refuse to sign a certificate of occupancy until compliance with the approved final site plan and approved engineering plans related thereto is achieved, or until adequate security is deposited as provided herein. 130.2211 Fees. Sec. 22.11. Fees for the review of site plans and inspections as required by this Article shall be established and may be amended by resolution of the Township Board. 209 �130.2213 130.2212 As-built drawings. Sec. 22.12. A. The applicant shall provide as-built drawings of all sanitary sewer, water, and storm sewer lines and all appurtenances which were installed on a site for which a final site plan was approved. The drawings shall be submitted to the Township Building Inspector, and shall be approved by the Township Engineer prior to the release of any performance guarantee or part thereof covering such installation. B. The as-built drawings shall show, but shall not be limited to, such information as the exact size, type and location of pipes; location and size of manholes and catch basins; location and size of valves, fire hydrants, tees and crosses; depth and slopes ofretention basins; and location and type of other utility installations. The drawings shall show plan and profile views of all sanitary and storm sewer lines and plan views of all water lines. C. The as-built drawings shall show all work as actually installed and as field verified by a professional engineer or a representative thereof. The drawings shall be identified as "As-Built Drawings" in the title block of each drawing and shall be signed and dated by the owner of the development or the owner's legal representative and shall bear the seal of a professional engineer. 130.2213 Violations. Sec. 22.13. The approved final site plan shall become part of the record of approval and all subsequent action relating to the site in question shall be consistent with the approved final site plan, unless the Planning Commission agrees to such changes as provided in this Article. Any violation of the provisions of this article, including any improvement not in conformance with the approved final site plan, shall be deemed a violation of this Ordinance as provided in Section 20.10, herein, and shall be subject to all penalties therein. 210 �'------------ �ARTICLE XXIII 130.2300 NONCONFORMITIES 130.2301 Intent. Sec. 23 .01. Certain lots, structures, and uses of lots and structures may exist within districts established by this Ordinance or amendments thereto which were lawful before this Ordinance was adopted or amended, but which would be prohibited, regulated, or restricte~ under the terms of this Ordinance and its amendments. It is the intent of this Ordinance to permit such nonconformities to remain until they are discontinued or removed, but not to encourage their survival. It is further the intent of this Ordinance that such nonconformities be steadily upgraded to conforming status. It is further the intent of this Ordinance that nonconformities shall not be enlarged, expanded, or extended, except as provided herein, and that nonconformities shall not be used as grounds for adding other structures which are prohibited in the same district. Nonconformities are declared by this Ordinance to be incompatible with the structures and uses permitted in the various districts. 130.2302 Nonconforming lots of record. Sec. 23.02. A principal structure and customary accessory structures for a permitted use may be erected on a nonconforming lot which is of record at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance, provided a variance for said lot is approved by the Board of Appeals in accordance with Article XXIV, "Zoning Board of Appeals", herein. Such lot must be in separate ownership and not of continuous frontage with other lots in the same ownership as of the date even though such lot fails to meet the regulations for minimum lot area, or width, or both, that are applicable in district, provided that other area, placement, and height regulations of the district are met. If two or more lots or combinations of lots and portions of lots with continuous frontage in single ownership are ofrecord at the time of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance and if all or part of the lots do not meet the requirements for lot width and area as established by this Ordinance, the lands involved shall be considered to be an undivided parcel for the purpose of this Ordinance. In such case, no portion of said parcel or lot shall be used or sold which does not meet the minimum lot width and area regulations established by this Ordinance, nor shall any division of the parcel or lot be made which leaves remaining any parcel or lot with width or area below the minimum regulations established in this Ordinance. 211 �130.2304 130.2303 Nonconforming uses ofparcels and lots. Sec. 23.03. Where, on the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance, a lawful use of a parcel or lot exists that is no longer permissible under the provisions of this Ordinance, and where such use involves no individual structure with a replacement cost exceeding One Thousand Dollars ($1,000), such use may be continued so long as it remains otherwise lawful subject to the following provisions: A. No such nonconforming use of a parcel or lot shall be enlarged, expanded, or extended to occupy a greater area of land than was occupied on the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance and no accessory use, building or structure shall be established therewith. B. No such nonconforming use of a parcel or lot shall be moved in whole or in part to any other portion of such parcel or lot not occupied on the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance. C. If such nonconforming use of a parcel or lot ceases for any reason for a period of more than one hundred eighty ( 180) consecutive days, the subsequent use of such parcel or lot shall conform to the regulations of the district in which such parcel or lot is located. 130.2304 Nonconforming structures. Sec. 23.04. Where, on the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance, a previously lawful structure exists that will become nonconforming under the regulations of this Ordinance by reason of restrictions upon lot area, lot area per dwelling unit, lot width, lot coverage, floor area ratio, height, transition and landscape strips, off-street parking, loading spaces, and yard requirements, such structure may be continued so long as it remains otherwise lawful subject to the following provisions: A. Such building or structure may be enlarged, expanded, extended, or altered only if such enlargement, expansion, extension or alteration is approved by the Board of Appeals, in conformance with Section 23.08, "Expansion and Substitution", herein. B. Should any such building or structure be damaged by any means to an extent of more than fifty percent ( 50%) of its replacement cost at the time of such damage, it shall not be reconstructed except in conformity with the provisions of the district in which it is located. Should any such building be damaged to an extent of fifty percent (50%) or less of its replacement cost, it may be replaced in its location and term existing prior to such 212 �130.2305 damage, provided such replacement is commenced within three (3) years of the date of damage, and provided such replacement is diligently pursued to completion. Failure to complete replacement shall result in loss of legal, nonconforming status. C. Should any such building or structure be moved for any reason for any distance, it shall thereafter conform to the regulations of the district in which it is located after it is moved. 130.2305 Nonconforming uses of structures. Sec. 23.05. Where, on the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance, a lawful use of a structure exists that is no longer permissible under the regulations of this Ordinance, such use may be continued so long as it remains otherwise lawful subject to the following prov1s1ons: A. A nonconforming use shall not be extended into any portion of a structure not occupied by such use at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance. B. A nonconforming use shall not be expanded or increased in area or intensity. C. An existing structure devoted to a use not permitted by this Ordinance in the district in which it is located shall not be enlarged, constructed, reconstructed, moved, or structurally extended or altered except in changing the use of such building or structure to a use permitted in the district in which such building or structure is located. D. When a nonconforming use of a structure, or structure and premises in combination, is discontinued for more than one (1) year except where government action impedes access to the premises, the building or structure shall not thereafter be used except in conformance with the regulations of the district in which it is located. E. Any structure, or structure and land in combination, in or on which a nonconforming use is superseded by a permitted use, shall thereafter conform to the regulations of the district in which it is situated, and the nonconforming use may not thereafter be resumed. F. Where a nonconforming status applies to a structure and premises in combination, removal or destruction of the structure shall eliminate the nonconforming status of the land. Destruction for the purpose of this Subsection is defined as damage to an extent of more than fifty percent (50%) of the replacement cost at the time of damage. 213 �130.2308 130.2306 Repairs and maintenance. Sec. 23.06. On any nonconforming structure or on any structure housing a nonconforming use, work may be done in any period of twelve (12) consecutive months on ordinary repairs or in repair or replacement of nonbearing walls, fixtures, wiring or plumbing to an extent not to exceed twenty-five percent (25%) of the then current replacement cost of the nonconforming structure or nonconforming portion of the structure, provided that the floor area or volume of such building or the number of families housed therein, or the size of such structure as it existed on the date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance shall not be increased. If a nonconforming structure or a portion thereof, or any structure containing a nonconforming use, becomes physically unsafe or unlawful due to lack of repairs and maintenance, and is declared by any duly authorized official to be unsafe or unlawful by reason of physical condition, it shall not thereafter be restored, repaired, or rebuilt except in conformity with the regulations of the district in which it is located. 130.2307 Change of tenancy or ownership. Sec. 23.07. There may be a change of tenancy, ownership or management of an existing nonconforming use, building, or structure. 130.2308 Expansion and substitution. Sec. 23.08. A. The Board of Appeals shall determine if a nonconforming structure may be enlarged, expanded, extended, or altered, and the conditions under which such improvements shall be made. The following provisions shall apply: 1. The reasons for a nonconformity shall be limited to minimum lot area, lot width, required yards, off-street loading and parking requirements, and transition strip and landscape strip requirements. In no case shall a building or a structure that is nonconforming because of lot coverage, floor area ratio, lot area per dwelling units, or height regulations be permitted to expand without removing the nonconformity, except as permitted under a variance. 2. The proposed uses of such buildings and structures shall be among those permitted in the district in which situated. 214 �130.2308 3. The proposed improvement shall conform to all requirements of the district in which situated. 4. The Board of Appeals shall determine the following in approving a request: a. That the retention of the nonconforming building or structure is reasonably necessary for the proposed improvement or that requiring removal of such building or structure would cause unnecessary hardship. b. That the proposed improvement is reasonably necessary for the continuation of activities on the property. c. That the enlarged or otherwise improved nonconforming building or structure will not adversely affect the public health, safety and welfare. 5. The Board of Appeals shall have authority to require modification of the nonconformity where such is reasonable, as a condition for approval. The Board of Appeals may attach other conditions for its approval which it deems necessary to protect the public health, safety and welfare. 6. All expansions permitted under this Section shall meet all requirements of Article XXII, "Site Plan Review", herein. B. A nonconforming structure shall not be substituted for, or replace, any conforming or nonconforming structure. C. A nonconforming use of a structure may be substituted for another nonconforming use upon permission by the Board of Appeals, as set forth in Section 24.08, herein, provided that no structural alterations are made, and provided, further, that such other nonconforming use is more appropriate than the existing nonconforming use in the district in which it is located. In permitting such change, the Board of Appeals may require conditions and safeguards in accordance with the provisions and intent of this Ordinance. A nonconforming use, when superseded by a more appropriate use as provided in this Subsection, shall not thereafter be resumed. (Amended: Ord. of 9-17-90, 9-17-90) 215 �130.2309 130.2309 Nonconforming extraction operations. Sec. 23 .09. A. A nonconforming extraction operation legally existing at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance shall be a legal nonconforming use of a parcel of land and may continue, subject to the following provisions: 1. Extraction may be extended within the property based upon the property lines of record at the time this Zoning Ordinance was adopted or amended, provided however that such extension shall not cross a public road. 2. All extensions to be commenced following the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Zoning Ordinance shall first comply with all provisions of this Section, and Section 11.12, "Quarries", herein .. 3. Any extension of operations shall not exceed the depth of extraction of the portion existing at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance unless extraction to a greater depth is specifically approved by the Township Board. B. If a nonconforming extraction operation ceases for any reason for a period of two hundred seventy (270) consecutive days or more, the extraction operation shall not be resumed and the subsequent use of such parcel shall thereafter conform to the regulations of the district in which located. C. The equipment and processes of legal, nonconforming extraction operation may be upgraded periodically in order to maintain the operation in a modern condition and in order to meet contemporary pollution control standards. Such changes shall be permitted, even if they will result in an increase of production, provided the following conditions are met: 1. Tue changes in equipment and processes shall not have the effect of changing the nature or character of the operation into a use prohibited in the district in which located. 2. The noise, dust, odors, water pollution, and other objectable attributes of the operation shall not be increased beyond the levels existing at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance. 216 �130.2309 3. The owner of the extraction operation shall notify the Township Board in writing of each change prior to the installation of such change. 4. Building permits for any structure shall be obtained prior to installation or construction (Amended: Ord. of 9-17-90, 9-17-90) 217 ��ARTICLE XXIV 130.2400 ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS 130.2401 Board established. Sec. 24.01. A Zoning Board of Appeals, hereinafter referred to as "Board of Appeals," is hereby established, in accordance with Act 184 of the Public Acts of 1943, as amended. 130.2402 Membership and terms. Sec. 24.02. The Board of Appeals shall consist of five (5) members: the Chair of the Planning Commission; a member of the Township Board appointed by the Township Board; and the three members selected and appointed by the Township Board, from among the electors residing in the unincorporated area of the Township. The term of the member from the Township Board shall not exceed his/her term of office on the Township Board, and he/she shall be appointed on the even numbered years. The Chair of the Planning Commission shall be Chair of the Board of Appeals and his/her term shall coincide with his/her term as Chair of the Planning Commission. The term of office for the remaining three members shall be three (3) years. Members may be reappointed. No elected official of the Township nor any employee of the Township may serve simultaneously as one of the three remaining members of, or as an employee of, the Board of Appeals. The third member selected and appointed by the Township Board and already serving at the time of this amendment shall complete the remainder of the two (2) year term previously provided under this Ordinance. The additional two (2) members necessary to constitute the first five (5) member Board of Appeals established by this amendment shall be appointed immediately after the effective date of this amendment. The length of the first term of the two additional members shall be set by resolution of the Township Board and may be for less than three (3) years to provide for staggered terms. After completion of the terms provided above, the term of each of the three remaining members shall be three (3) years. (Amended: Ord. of 4-14-86, 4-14-86) 130.2403 General procedures of the Board ofAppeals. Sec. 24.03. A. Rules. The Board of Appeals shall adopt rules and regulations to govern its procedures. B, Votes. A concurring vote of a majority of the members of the Board of Appeals shall 218 �130.2404 be necessary for any decision. The Board of Appeals shall not conduct business unless a majority of its members is present. C. Representation. Any person(s) may appear on his/her own behalf at a hearing or may be represented by an agent or attorney. D. Time limit. The Board of Appeals shall decide upon all matters within a reasonable time, not to exceed sixty (60) days from the filing date. The decision of the Board of Appeals shall be in the form of a resolution containing a full record of its findings and determinations in each case. The time limit may be extended by written agreement between the applicant or appellant and the Board of Appeals. E. Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Appeals shall be held at the call of the Chair and at such times as the Board in its rules of procedures may specify. Minutes shall be kept of each meeting and the Board shall record into the minutes all findings, conditions, facts, and other relevant factors, including the vote of each member upon each question, or if absent or failing to vote, indicating such fact, and all of its official actions. All meetings and records shall be open to the public. All minutes shall be filed in the Township Office. F. Oaths. The Chair of the Board of Appeals, or in his/her absence, the acting chair, may administer oaths and compel the attendance of witnesses. 130.2404 Powers and duties of the Board ofAppeals. Sec. 24.04. The Board of Appeals shall perform its duties and exercise its powers as provided in Act 184 of the Public Acts of 1943, as amended, so that the objectives of this Ordinance shall be attained; the public health, safety and welfare served; and substantial justice done. The Board of Appeals shall hear and decide, as provided herein: A. Appeals of any administrative decision of any official or body on any requirement of this Ordinance. B. Variances. C. Expansion of nonconforming buildings or structures. D. Substitution of nonconforming uses. Notwithstaning the preceding, the Board of Appeals shall not hear and shall have no authority regarding any issue that involves a conditional use permit or a planned unit development. The Board of Appeals shall not alter or change the zoning district classification of any property, or 219 �130.2408 make any change in the terms of this ordinance, and shall not take any action that would result in making a legislative change. 130.2405 Fees. Sec. 24.05. A schedule of fees of the Board of Appeals shall be established by resolution of the Township Board, and shall be paid at the time of application. 130.2406 Hearings. Sec. 24.06. The Board of Appeals shall hold a public hearing on each appeal for administrative review, and on each application for expansion of a nonconforming use, conditional use permit, and variance. The Chair of the Board of Appeals shall fix a reasonable time and date for the hearing, said date not to exceed thirty (30) days from the filing date. The notice shall be provided in accordance with Section 21.05A, herein. If the notice is delivered by mail, an affidavit of mailing shall be filed with the Board of Appeals by the Township Clerk prior to the public hearing. Where the hearing, as determined by the Board of Appeals, concerns matters of general applicability in the Township and does not concern only individual lots or parcels, such notice shall be given in a newspaper of general circulation in the Township. 130.2407 Expansion and substitution of nonconformities. Sec. 24.07. The Board of Appeals shall hear and decide upon applications for expansion of nonconforming structures and substitution of one nonconforming use for another such use in accordance with the provisions of Section 23.08, herein. An application for such expansion or substitution shall be filed with the Township Clerk. The application shall consist of a complete application form and fee, and shall contain adequate information to assist the Board of Appeals in reaching a decision in accordance with Section 23.08, "Expansion and substitution" herein. The Clerk shall transmit the application and information to each member of the Board of Appeals within three (3) days of the filing date. 130.2408 Administrative review. Sec. 24.08. The Board of Appeals shall hear and decide appeals from any order, requirement, decision, or determination made by the Zoning Inspector in the interpretation and enforcement of this Ordinance. The Board of Appeals shall interpret zoning district boundaries according to the provisions of Section 3.02, "Official Zoning Map" herein. 220 �130.2410 130.2409 Duties on matters of appeal. Sec. 24.09. All questions concerning the application of the provisions ofthis Ordinance shall first be presented to the Zoning Inspector. Such questions shall be presented to the Board of Appeals only on appeal from the decisions of the Zoning Inspector. Recourse from decisions of the Board of Appeals shall be to the courts as provided by the law. 130.2410 Procedures. Sec. 24.10. A. Appeals concerning administrative review may be made within such time as prescribed by the Board of Appeals by general rule, by filing with the Zoning Inspector and the Board of Appeals a notice of appeal specifying the grounds thereof. The Zoning Inspector shall transmit to the Board of Appeals copies of all papers constituting the record upon which the action appealed from was taken, within seven (7) days of the filing date. The appellant shall submit a clear description of the order, requirement, decision, or determination for which appeal is made, and may be required by the Board of Appeals to submit additional information to clarify the appeal. B. Appeals may be taken by any person aggrieved by a decision of the Zoning Inspector. C. A fee shall be paid to the Township Clerk at the time of filing the notice of appeal and shall be deposited in the Township's General Fund. D. An appeal stays all proceedings in furtherance of the action appealed from, unless the Zoning Inspector from whom the appeal is taken certifies to the Board of Appeals after the notice is filed with him/her that by reason of facts stated in the certificate, a stay would, in his or her opinion, cause imminent peril to life and property. In such case, proceedings shall not be stayed other than by a restraining order which may be granted by the Board of Appeals or by a court of record on application, on notice to the Zoning Inspector from whom the appeal is taken, and on due ~ause shown. E. The Board of Appeals may, so long as such action is in conformity with the terms of this Ordinance, reverse or affirm, wholly or partly, or may modify the order, requirements, decision, or determination appealed from and may make such order, requirement, decision, or determination as ought to be made, and to that end shall have the powers of the public official from whom the appeal is taken. 221 �130.2411 Variances. Sec. 24.11 . A. Intent. The Board of Appeals shall have the power and duty to authorize in specific cases a relaxation of the provisions of this Ordinance through a variance as will not be contrary to the public interest where, owing to special conditions, a literal enforcement of the provisions of this Ordinance would result in unnecessary hardship or practical difficulty. B. Filing. An application for a variance shall be filed by the owner of the lot in question with the Township Clerk. The application shall consist of a completed application form, fee, and the information required in this Section. The Clerk shall transmit the application and information to each member of the Board of Appeals within three (3) days of the filing date. C. Information required . Each application for a variance shall contain the following information: 1. Legal description, address, and tax parcel number of subject lot. 2. Boundary survey, showing all property lines, dimensions, and bearings or angles, correlated with the legal description; all existing and proposed structures and uses on the premises, and dimensions of such structures and their dimensioned locations; lot area and all calculations necessary to show compliance with regulations of the Zoning Ordinance. 3. Name and address of applicant, property owner(s), interest of applicant in the property and signature of the property owner, if other than the applicant, concurring in the submittal of the application. D, Standards of detennination. A variance shall not be granted by the Board of Appeals unless and until all of the following conditions are met: 1. A written application for a variance is submitted, demonstrating: a. That special conditions and circumstances exist which are peculiar to the land, structure, or building involved and which are not applicable to other lands, structures, or buildings in the same district. b. That literal interpretation of the provisions of this Ordinance would 222 �130.2412 deprive the applicant of rights commonly enjoyed by other properties in the same district under the terms of this Ordinance. c. That the special conditions and circumstances do not result from the actions of the applicant. d. That granting the variance requested will not confer on the applicant any special privilege that is denied by this Ordinance to other lands, structures, or buildings in the same district. 2. Any nonconforming use of neighboring lands, structures, or buildings in the same district, any permitted or nonconforming uses of lands, structures, or buildings in other districts, or any nonconforming structures shall not be considered grounds for the issuance of a variance. 3. The Board of Appeals shall find that the requirements of Section 24.11, D-1, herein, have been satisfactorily met by the applicant. 4. The Board of Appeals shall further find that the reasons set forth in the application justify the granting of the variance, and that it is the minimum variance that will make possible the reasonable use of the land, building, or structure. 5. The Board of Appeals shall further find that the granting of the variance will be in harmony with the intent of this Ordinance, and will not be injurious to the neighborhood, or otherwise detrimental to the public interest. (Amended: Ord. of 9-17-90, 9-17-90) 130.2412 Voiding of variance. Sec. 24.12. Each variance granted under the provisions ofthis Ordinance shall become null and void unless the construction authorized by such variance has been commenced within one hundred eighty (180) days after granting of such variance and pursued diligently to completion, or the occupancy of land or buildings authorized by such variance has taken place within one hundred eighty ( 180) days after the granting of such variance. 223 �130.2416 130.2413 Reapplication/or variance. Sec. 24.13. No application for a variance which has been denied wholly or in part by the Board of Appeals shall be resubmitted for a period of three hundred sixty-five (365) days from the date of such denial, except on grounds of new evidence or proof of changed conditions found by the Board of Appeals to be valid. 130.2414 Site plan requirements. Sec. 24.14. If an application or appeal to the Board of Appeals requires site plan approval by the Planning Commission, the applicant or appellant shall first apply for preliminary site plan approval as set forth in Article XXII, "Site Plan Review," herein. The Planning Commission shall review said plan and shall determine the layout and other features required to obtain approval of said plan. The Planning Commission shall then transmit the plan and the Commission's findings thereon to the Board of Appeals. The Board of Appeals shall, upon deciding on the application or appeal, return the plan and its decision thereon to the Planning Commission for Commission action on the preliminary site plan. 130.2415 Appeals to courts. Sec. 24.15. Any decision of the Board of Appeals may be appealed through the courts, as provided in Act 184, P.A. 1943, as amended. 13 0.2416 Conditions of approval. Sec. 24.16. The Board of Appeals may attach conditions to any affirmative decision, provided such conditions are in accordance with the requirements of this Ordinance and Act 184, P.A. 1943, as amended. Such conditions shall be consistent with procedures, requirements, standards, and policies of the Township Board, Township Planning Commission, and other Township agencies, where applicable. Violation of any condition imposed shall be deemed a violation of this Ordinance and punishable under Article XX, "Administration and Enforcement," herein. 224 �AMENDMENTS �ARTICLEXXV 130.2500 AMENDMENTS 130.2501 Initiating amendments. Sec. 25.01. The Township Board may, from time to time, amend, modify, supplement, or revise the district boundaries or the provisions and regulations of this Ordinance. Amendments may be initiated by the Township Board, the Township Planning Commission, or by petition of one or more property owners of Ann Arbor Township, or by one or more persons acting on behalf of a property owner(s) of Ann Arbor Township. All proposed amendments shall be referred to the Township Planning Commission for review and recommendation before action may be taken thereon by the Township Board. 130.2502 Fees. Sec. 25 .02. The Township Board shall establish, by resolution, fees for zoning amendment petitions. Such fee shall be paid in full to the Township Clerk at the time of filing of the petition and no part of such fee shall be returnable to the petitioner. Fees shall not be required for amendments proposed by any governmental agency or body. 130.2503 Amendment procedure. Sec. 25 .03 . A. The procedure for amending this Ordinance shall be in accordance with Act 184 of the Public Acts of 1943, as amended. B. The original petition and eleven (11) copies thereof shall be filed with the Township Clerk. The Clerk shall transmit the petition and ten (10) copies thereof to the Township Planning Commission for review and report to the Township Board. The Planning Commission shall establish a date for a public hearing on the petition and the Township Clerk shall give a notice thereof to the owner of the property in question, to all persons to whom all real property within three hundred (300) feet of the premises in question is assessed and to the occupants of all single and two-family dwellings within three hundred (300) feet. The notice shall be delivered personally or by mail to the respective owners and tenants at the addresses given in the last assessment roll. If the tenant's name is not known, the term '' occupant" may be used. If the notice is delivered by mail, an affidavit of mailing shall be filed with the Planning Commission prior to the hearing. The Township Clerk shall also give notice of the public hearing by two (2) publications in a newspaper of general circulation in Ann Arbor Township, the first to be printed not more than thirty (30) days nor less than twenty (20) days and the second not more than eight 225 �130.2504 (8) days be re the date of such hearing. The notice shall be made at least eight (8) days prior to the earing, and shall state the time, place, date, and purpose of the hearing. Not less than twen (20) days' notice of the time and place of such hearing shall also be given by mail to each lectric, gas, pipeline, and telephone public utility company that registers its name and ma1 ·ng address with the Planning Commission for the purpose of receiving such notice, and t each railroad operating within the district or zone affected. The notices shall includ the places and times at which the tentative text and any maps of the proposed amendment ay be examined. The Planning Commission shall also, for any proposed amendment t the zoning map within three hundred (300) feet of the boundary ,. Ay of any adjacent municipa 'ty, send by regular U.S. mail a written notice of the public Y' hearing to the zoning or pl .ng agencies of said municipalities and to the School Board (' of the school district in whi the subject property is located, in order that coordination with zoning ordinances and d velopment plans of adjacent municipalities may be /') promoted. Public hearing reqm ements shall also apply to amendments initiated by the {J • . J,/ Township Board, the Township Janning Commission, and by any other governmental ~, agency or body. V 1 C. The Planning Commission shall, llowing the public hearing but within one hundred twenty-five (125) days of the filing da , report its findings and its recommendations for disposition of the petition to the TownsH' Board. The report shall include a summary of comments received at the public hearing. 130.2504 Information required. Sec. 25.04. A. When the petition involves an amendment to the official zoning map, the petitioner shall submit the following information to the Township Clerk: 1. A legal description of the property, including a street address and the tax code number(s). 2. A scaled map of the property, correlated with the legal description, and clearly showing the property's location. 3. The name and address of the petitioner. 4. The petitioner's interest in the property; if the petitioner is not the owner, the name and address of the owner(s), and the owner(s) signed consent to the petition. 226 1, �130.2505 5. Signature(s) of petitioner(s) and owner(s), certifying the accuracy of the information. 6. Identification of zoning district requested; existing zoning district of subject property. 7. Vicinity map showing location of property and adjacent land uses and zoning districts. B. When a petition involves a change in the text of the Zoning Ordinance, the petitioner shall submit the following information to the Township Clerk: 1. A detailed statement of the petition, clearly and completely setting forth all proposed provisions and regulations, including all changes in the Zoning Ordinance necessary to accommodate the proposed amendment. 2. Name and address of the petitioner. 3. Reasons for the proposed amendment. 130.2505 Findings of/act required. Sec. 25.05. In reviewing any petition for a zoning amendment, the Planning Commission shall identify and evaluate all factors relevant to the petition, and shall report its findings in full, along with its recommendation for disposition of the petition, to the Township Board. The factors to be considered by the Planning Commission shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following: A. Whether or not the requested zoning change is justified by a change in conditions since the original Ordinance was adopted, or by an error in the original Ordinance. B. The precedents, and the possible effect of such precedents, which might result from approval or denial of the petition. C. The capability of the Township or other governmental agencies to provide any services, facilities, and/or programs that might be required if the petition were approved. 227 �130.2506 D. Effect of approval of the petition on the condition and/or value of property in the Township or in adjacent civil divisions. E. Relation of the petition to the adopted General Development Plan or development policies of Ann Arbor Township, and of other governmental units where applicable. All findings of fact shall be made a part of the public records of the meetings of the Planning Commission. 130.2506 Publication. Sec. 25 .06. Fallowing Township B d approval of a petition to amend the Zoning Ordinance, notice of the amendment shall be pub · hed within fifteen ( 15) days of such approval in a newspaper of general circulation in Ami bor Township and such a copy of said amendment shall be transmitted by the Township Cle to the Zoning Inspector forthwith. The notice of adoption shall meet the requirements set fo in Act 184, P.A. 1943, as amended. ~ ~~ (Amended: Ord. of 9- I 7-90, 9-17-90) 228 �CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR WASHTENAW COUNTY, MICHIOAN ORDINANCE NO . - - - - - - - - Adopted : October 29, 1997 Effective: [Seven days after publication] An ordinance to amend the Ann Arbor Charter Township Zoning Ordinance. THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR ORDAINS : Article XXV. 130.2503 Amendment Procedure. Section 25.03, Subsections B and Care amended to read as follows and new Subsections D, E, F, G and Hare added as follows: B. The original petition and eleven (11) copies thereof shall be filed with the Township Clerk. The Clerk shall transmit the petition and ten (10) copies thereof to the Township Planning Commission for review and report to the Township Board. The Planning Commission, shall establish a date of a public hearing on the petition after confirming that the petitioner has provided all information and paid all fees required by this Ordinance. 1. If an individual property or several adjacent properties are proposed for rezoning, the Clerk shall give a notice of the petition and public hearing to the owner of the property in questions, to all persons to whom all real property within three hundred (300) feet of the premises in question is assessed and to the occupants of all single and two-family dwellings within three hundred (300) feet. The notice shall be delivered personally or by mail to the respective owners and tenants at the addresses given in the last assessment roll. If the tenant's name is not known, the term "occupant" may be used. The notice shall be made at least eight (8) days prior to the hearing, and shall state the time, place, date and purpose of the hearing. An additional notice shall be sent by mail or personal delivery not less than twenty (20) days prior to the hearing. 2. The Clerk shall also give notice of a public hearing on the petition by two (2) publications in a newspaper of general circulation in Ann Arbor Township, the first to be printed not more than thirty (30) days nor less than twenty (20) days and the second not more than eight (8) days before the date of such hearing. 3. Not less than twenty (20) days' notice of the time and place of such hearing shall also be given by mail to each electric, gas, pipeline, and telephone public utility company and to each railroad operating within the district or zone affected that �registers its name and mailing address with the Planning Commission for the purpose of receiving such notice. 4. The notices shall include the places and times at which the tentative text and any maps of the proposed amendment may be examined. 5. An Affidavit of Mailing shall be maintained by the Clerk and filed with the Planning Commission prior to the hearing. ' 6. The Planning Commission shall also, for any proposed amendment to the zoning map within three hundred (300) feet of the boundary of any adjacent municipality, send by regular U.S. mail a written notice of the public hearing to the zoning or planning agencies of said municipalities and to the School Board of the school district in which the subject property is located, in order that coordination with zoning ordinances and development plans of adjacent municipalities may be promoted. 7. Public hearing requirements shall also apply to amendments initiated by the Township Board, the Planning Commission, and by any other governmental agency or body. C. The Planning Commission shall, following the public hearing but within one hundred thirty-five (135) days after the date on which the Planning Commission sets the public hearing, report its findings and its recommendations for disposition of the petition to the Township Board. The report shall include a summary of comments received at the public hearing. D. The Clerk shall publish the full text of the proposed amendment prior to its adoption by publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the Township or by posting at the office of the Clerk and five (5) other places in the Township, followed within seven (7) days by publication of a notice of the posting in a newspaper of general circulation in the Township. E. Following the public hearing the Planning Commission shall submit the proposed zoning ordinance, including any zoning maps to the Washtenaw County Planning Commission for review and recommendation. F. Upon receiving the report of the Township Planning Commission on the proposed amendment, the Township Board may hold additional hearings if the Township Board considers it is necessary. Notice of a public hearing held by the Township Board on any proposed amendment shall be published in a newspaper which circulates in the Township. The notice shall be published not more than fifteen (15) days nor less than five (5) days before the hearing. If the Township Board considers amendments to the proposed text or a zoning ordinance advisable, the Township Board shall refer the amendment to the Planning Commission for reports thereon within a time specified by the Township Board. After receiving the report, the Township Board shall grant a hearing on a proposed ordinance provision to a property owner who by certified mail 2 �addressed to the Clerk of the Township Board, requests a hearing and the Township Board shall request the Planning Commission to attend ~he hearing. After a hearing at a regular meeting or at a special meeting called for that purpose, the Township Board may adopt, by majority vote of its members, amendments to the zoning ordinance, with or without amendments that have been previously considered by the Planning Commission or at a hearing. G. The ordinance shall take effect upon the expiration of seven (7) days after publication of the ordinance amendment as described i? Section 25.06 below. H. For any proposed amendment to the zoning map, the petitioner(s) or owner(s) of the property proposed to be rezoned shall place a sign of no less than four (4) feet by four (4) feet on each side of the property which abuts a street. Each sign shall have lettering easily readable from the abutting street. The sign shall not be erected in the road right-of-way or in a manner to obstruct vision of motorists or pedestrians. Each sign shall be erected at least 21 days, but not more than 30 days, before the Planning Commission's public hearing on the petition for rezoning and shall remain in place until the date of the public hearing. Each sign shall be removed from the property no later than three (3) business days following the public hearing or adjourned or continued date thereof, whichever is later. Each sign shall state in six (6) inch letters "PROPERTY PROPOSED FOR REZONING," and shall state in letters of no less than two (2) inches the street address or tax code parcel number(s), acreage of the property proposed for rezoning; state the current and proposed zoning classifications; state the use proposed for the site; state the date, time and place of the initial public hearing on the petition for rezoning. Upon request of the zoning inspector, the petitioner shall post a bond in an amount not be exceed $100 per sign to ensure the removal of the sign as heretofore provided. The zoning inspector shall inspect the property proposed for rezoning to see that it complies with this section and submit an affidavit of such determination to the Planning Commission not less than seven (7) days prior to the public hearing on the petition. Signs erected under this section are exempt from other provisions of the Township ordinances regulating signs. Failure to comply with any provisions of this Section shall not constitute grounds for setting aside the granting of a petition or amendment to the Zoning Map, but shall constitute grounds for adjourning and rescheduling the public hearing. The recommendation of the Planning Commission filed with the Township Board shall state whether the petitioner has complied with this section. Article XXV. 130.2506 Publication. Section 25.06 is amended to read as follows: 25 .06 Following Township Board approval of a petition to amend the zoning ordinance, notice of the amendment shall be published within fifteen (15) days of such approval in a newspaper of general circulation in the Township. The notice of the ordinance adoption shall include the following: (1) either a summary of the regulatory 3 �effect of the amendment, including the geographic area affected, or the text of the amendment and (2) the effective date of the ordinance, :which may be no less than seven (7) days after publication, or such later date after· publication as may be specified by the Township Board, and the place and time where a copy of the ordinance may be purchased or inspected. A copy of the zoning ordinance amendment shall be transmitted by the Township Clerk to the Zoning Inspector. Notice of adoption shall meet the requirements set forth in Act 184, P.A. 1943 as amended. 4 �ARTICLE XXVI 130.2600 LEGAL STATUS PROVISIONS 130.2601 Severability. Sec. 26.01. A. Should any Section or provision of this Ordinance be declared by any court of competent jurisdiction to be unconstitutional or invalid, such declaration shall not affect the validity of the Ordinance as a whole, or any part thereof other than the Section or provision so declared to be unconstitutional or invalid. B. Should any court of competent jurisdiction declare the application of any provision of this Ordinance to any lot, structure, or use to be unconstitutional or invalid, such declaration shall not affect the application of said provision to any other lot, structure, or use not specifically included in said declaration. 130.2602 Repeal of existing Zoning Ordinance. Sec. 26.02. The existing Zoning Ordinance of Ann Arbor Township, adopted August 9, 1971, as amended, is hereby repealed. The adoption of this Ordinance, however, shall not affect or prevent any pending or future prosecution of, or action to abate, any existing violation of the Zoning Ordinance adopted August 9, 1971, as amended, if the use so in violation, is in violation of the provision of this Ordinance. 130.2603 Effective date. Sec. 26.03. This Ordinance was adopted by the Ann Arbor Township Board on December 13, 1976, and was ordered published within ten (10) days thereafter in the Ann Arbor News, a newspaper having general circulation in Ann Arbor Township. This Ordinance shall become effective immediately. 229 �"----... �INDEX -AACCESS Access roads To streets 130.1001 (H) 130.311 ACCESSORY USES AND BUILDINGS 130.l00l(D) ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT (Article XX) Building permits Certificates of occupancy Certificates of zoning compliance Compliance with plans Duties and powers of Zoning Inspector Fees Inspection Records Violations and penalties Zoning Inspector 130.2000 130.2004 130.2005 130.2003 130.2009 130.2002 130.2008 130.2006 130.2007 130.2010 130.2001 AMENDMENTS (Article XXV) Amendment procedure Fees Findings of fact required Information required Initiating amendments Publication 130.2500 130.2503 130.2502 130.2505 130.2504 130.2501 130.2506 AMUSEMENT ENTERPRISES, TRANSIENT 130.310 AREA REGULATIONS; EXEMPTIONS 130.1 00l(G) AUTOMOBILE SERVICE AND REPAIR STATIONS Generally Signs 130.1107 130.1308 -B130.2400 et seq. BOARD OF APPEALS See: ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS 130.1124 BED & BREAKFAST ESTABMNTS. 230 �BUILDING PERMITS 130.2004 et seq. BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES Accessory Construction, completion of Distance between: Office Park District Research and Research Applications District Grouped, distance between Nonconforming Permits Storage, in residential districts Temporary BUSINESS DISTRICTS Intent Permitted signs Schedule of area, placement and height regulations Schedule of use regulations 130.lO0l(D) 130.305 130.1006(G) 130.1005 130.1120 130.2304 et seq. 130.2004 et seq. 130.314 130.304 130.1002(D) 130.1306 130.1004(D) 130.1003(D) -C- CERTIFICATES Occupancy Zoning compliance 130.2005 et seq. 130.2003 CHILD CARE FACILITIES 130.1125 CONDITIONAL USES (Article XXI) Application and fee Authority to grant permits Township Board action Conditions of approval General provisions Information required Planning Commission action Public hearing Re-application Required standards and findings 130.2100 130.2103 130.2102 130.2107 130.2109 130.306, 130.2101 130.2104 130.2106 130.2105 130.2110 130.2108 231 �-DDEFINITIONS (Article II) Definitions Interpretation 130.200 130.202 130.201 DISTRICTS Establishment Permitted signs See: SIGN REGULATIONS Schedule of regulations See: SCHEDULE OF DISTRICT REGULATIONS Statements of intent Supplementary regulations See: SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRICT REGULATIONS DWELLINGS Number per lot Single-family detached, size of Temporary 130.301 130.1300 et seq. 130.1000 et seq. 130.1002 130.1100 et seq. 130.303 130.316 130.304, 130.305 -E- EFFECTIVE DATE OF ORDINANCE 130.2603 ENFORCEMENT OF ORDINANCE See: ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT 130.2000 et seq. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, PRESERVATION OF 130.1105 ESSENTIAL SERVICES 130.307 EXTRACTION OPERATIONS, NONCONFORMING 130.2309 -F- 130.1122 FENCE REGULATIONS 232 �-G- GENERAL PROVISIONS (Article III) Access to streets Completion of construction Conditional uses Essential services Establishment of districts Home occupation Mobile homes Number of residences on a lot Official Zoning Map Sanitary sewer and water facilities Size of single-family detached dwelling units Storage buildings in residential districts Temporary structures Transient and amusement enterprises Visibility at intersections Zoning Board 130.300 130.311 130.305 130.306 130.307 130.301 130.309 130.315 130.303 130.302 130.313 130.316 130.314 130.304 130.310 130.308 130.312 GROUP FOSTER CARE HOMES 130.1121 -H- HEIGHT REGULATIONS Exemptions Limits: Office Park District Research and Research Applications District 130.l00l(G) 130.1006(H) 130.1005(H) 130.309 HOME OCCUPATION -!INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS Intent Permitted signs Schedule of area, placement and height regulations Schedule of use regulations 130.l 002(E) 130.1306 130.1004(E) 130.1003(E) INTENT OF ORDINANCE 130.102 233 �-J- JUNKYARDS 130.1108 -K- KENNELS , COMMERCIAL 130.1110 -L- LANDFILL, SANITARY 130.1118 LANDSCAPING Office Park District Research and Research Applications District 130.1006(K) 130.1005(K) LEGAL STATUS PROVISIONS (Article XXVI) Effective date Repeal of existing Zoning Ordinance Severability 130.2600 130.2603 130.2602 130.2601 LOADING, OFF-STREET 130.1200 et seq. See: OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING REGULATIONS LOTS; NUMBER OF RESIDENCES PERMITTED 130.303 -MMAP, OFFICIAL ZONING 130.302 MOBILE HOME PARKS Generally Intent of mobile home park residential districts 130.1114 130.1002(C)(4) MOBILE HOMES As temporary dwelling Generally 130.304 130.315 -N- NONCONFORMITIES (Article XXIII) Change of tenancy or ownership 130.2300 130.2307 234 �NONCONFORMITIES, Contd Expansion and substitution Intent Nonconforming extraction operations Nonconforming lots of record Nonconforming structures Nonconforming uses of parcels and lots Nonconforming uses of structures Repairs and maintenance 130.2308, 130.2407 130.2301 130.2309 130.2302 130.2304 130.2303 130.2305 130.2306 -0- OFFICE PARK DISTRICT 130.1006 OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING REGULATIONS (Article XII) General provisions for off-street loading facilities General provisions for off-street parking Rules for calculating required number of parking spaces Schedule of off-street loading requirements Schedule of off-street parking requirements Specifications for loading facilities Specifications for parking areas 130.1200 130.1205 130.1201 130.1203 130.1207 130.1204 130.1206 130.1202 OUTDOOR OPERATIONS Office Park District Research and Research Applications District 130.1006(]) 130.1005(]) -P- PARKING AND LOADING REGULATIONS Generally See: OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING Office Park District 130.1200 et seq. 130.1006(1) PENALTIES 130.2010 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Generally Research and Research Applications District 130.1116 130.1005(M) 235 �PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT; INTENT 130.1002(F) PUD REGULATIONS 130.1115 -QQUARRIES 130.1112 -R- REPEAL OF EXISTING ZONING ORDINANCE 130.2602 RESEARCH AND RESEARCH APPLICATIONS DISTRICT 130.1005 RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT 130.1113 RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS Rural See: RURAL RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS Signs permitted Urban See: URBAN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS 130.1002(B) 130.1305 130.1002(C) RURAL DISTRICTS Intent Schedule of area, placement and height regulations Schedule of use regulations 130.1002(A) 130.1004(A) 130.1003(A) RURAL RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS Intent Schedule of area, placement and height regulations Schedule of use regulations 130.1002(B) 130.1004(B) 130.1003(B) -SSANITARY LANDFILL 130.1118 SCHEDULE OF DISTRICT REGULATIONS (Article X) General provisions Office Park District (OP) Research and Research Applications District (RRA) 130.1000 130.1001 130.1006 130.1005 236 �SCHEDULE OF DISTRICT REGULATIONS, Contd Schedule of area, placement and height regulations Schedule of use regulations Statements of intent for use districts 130.1004 130.1003 130.1002 SETBACKS ON ARTERIAL ROADS 130.1117 SEVERABILITY OF ORDINANCE 130.2601 SEWER FACILITIES 130.313, 130.1102 SIGN REGULATIONS (Article XIII) Computation of surface area Exemptions General sign regulations Illumination Nonconforming signs Outdoor advertising signs Permit and fees Prohibited signs Purpose Registry Removal Responsibilities for signs Signs for automobile service stations Signs permitted in all zoning districts Signs permitted in business and industrial districts Signs permitted in recreation-conservation and agricultural districts Signs permitted in residential districts 130.1300 130.1313 130.1309 130.1302 130.1312 130.1315 130.1307 130.1311 130.1310 130.1301 130.1317 130.1314 130.1316 130.1308 130.1303 130.1306 130.1304 130.1305 SITE CONDOMINIUM REVIEW 130.1123 SITE PLAN REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY PLANNING COMMISSION AND BOARD OF APPEALS 130.2414 SITE PLAN REVIEW (Article XXII) Amendment of approved site plan As-built drawings Authority for site plan review Combining preliminary and final site plans Development and uses requiring site plan review Fees 130.2200 130.2206 130.2212 130.2201 130.2205 130.2202 130.2211 237 �SITE PLAN REVIEW, Contd Final site plan Inspection Modification of plan during construction Performance guarantees Phasing of development Preliminary site plan Violations 130.2204 130.2209 130.2207 130.2210 130.2208 130.2203 130.2213 STORAGE, OUTDOOR Generally Recreational equipment 130.1103 130.1111 STREETS AND ROADS Access roads Access to Arterial; setbacks 130.1001 (H) 130.311 130.1117 STRUCTURES See: BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRICT REGULATIONS (Article XI) Automobile service and repair stations Bed & Breakfast Operations Child Care Facilities Commercial kennels Distance between grouped buildings Drive-in theaters Fence regulations Group foster care homes Intent Junkyards Mobile home parks Parking and storage of vehicles Performance standards Preservation of environmental quality Public sanitary sewage treatment and disposal system PUD regulations Quarries Residential cluster development (Deleted) Sanitary landfill Setbacks on arterial roads 238 130.1100 130.1107 130.1124 130.1124 130.1110 130.1120 130.1109 130.1122 130.1121 130.1101 130.1108 130.1114 130.1104 130.1116 130.1105 130.1102 130.1115 130.1112 130.1113 130.1118 130.1117 �SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRICT REGULATIONS, Contd Site condominium review Storage of materials Storage of recreational equipment Transition strip Underground wiring 130.1123 130.1103 130.1111 130.1106 130.1119 -T- THEATERS, DRIVE-IN 130.1109 TITLE AND INTENT OF ORDINANCE (Article I) Intent Title 130.100 130.102 130.101 TRANSIENT AMUSEMENT ENTERPRISES 130.310 TRANSITION STRIP 130.1106 -U- UNDERGROUND WIRING 130.1119 URBAN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS Intent Schedule of area, placement and height regulations Schedule of use regulations 130.1002(C) 130.1004(C) 130.1003(C) -V- 130.2411 et seq. VARIANCES VEHICLES, MOTOR Parking and storage Service and repair stations Generally Signs permitted 130.1104 130.1107 130.1308 VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES 130.2010 VISIBILITY AT INTERSECTIONS 130.308 239 �-W- WATER FACILITIES 130.313 -Y- YARDS Measurements Required, Research and Research Applications District 130.l00l(F) 130.1005 -Z- ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS (Article XXIV) Administrative review Appeals to courts Board established Conditions of approval Duties on matters of appeal Expansion and substitution of nonconformities Fees General procedures of the Board of Appeals Hearings Membership and terms Powers and duties of the Board of Appeals Procedures Reapplication for variance Site plan requirements Variances Voiding of variance 130.2400 130.2408 130.2415 130.2401 130.2416 130.2409 130.2407 130.2405 130.2403 130.2406 130.2402 130.2404 130.2410 130.2413 130.2414 130.2411 130.2412 ZONING BOARD; TRANSFER OF POWERS TO PLANNING COMMISSION 130.312 ZONING INSPECTOR; APPOINTMENT, POWERS, DUTIES 240 130.2001,130.2002 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ann-Arbor-Charter-Twp_Zoning-Ordinance_1994 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-09-15 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Township Zoning Ordinance Description An account of the resource The Ann Arbor Township Zoning Ordinance was originally prepared in and approved on December 13, 1976 this copy includes updates adopted through September 15, 1994. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Ann Arbor Charter Township (Mich.) Washtenaw County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/59c3e26f50b68c43300347ad9984126a.jpg f46779d2478fbef2e6753d23a8ab8841 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_Graflex_D_1941_005 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-10-06 Title A name given to the resource Ann Weston at Macatawa cottage Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a baby, Ann Weston (granddaughter of Merrill's wife Audie), laying against a pillow. Subject The topic of the resource Children Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8d6f3c3edde5c501f52cc358d79dbfe3.jpg 2bb88083515cffc90b37d0ec6aa83328 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_Graflex_D_1941_007 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-10-11 Title A name given to the resource Ann Weston in back yard 1115 Jefferson Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a baby, Ann Weston(granddaughter of Merrill's wife Audie), being held against someone's shoulder. Subject The topic of the resource Children Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9c41a2076096ac4dcfbd495fd08f701f.jpg edb6fe72aaf5045758b1da5e8e8ace65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_Graflex_D_1941_008 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-10-11 Title A name given to the resource Ann Weston in back yard 1115 Jefferson, closer Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a baby, Ann Weston, being held. Subject The topic of the resource Children Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/86705c170169dda6f310926af3b7ba2e.jpg 934eb793381398d1c319fd81e22321ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_FilmPacks_V_37_009 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-09-22 Title A name given to the resource Ann Weston in Taylor-tot Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a toddler, Ann Weston, playing in a Taylor-tot stroller Subject The topic of the resource Children Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c0598e412573a11a67641da94ddef0b2.pdf 7eb23df2b3b011f49df3d1018e30a498 PDF Text Text L'dor V'dor Project Interviews Interviewer: Jennifer Morrish Interview: Anna Alpert Date: November 17, 2018 AA: How did you get so lucky to choose me? [laughs] Did Marilyn assign them? JM: No, we chose. AA: Oh, really? JM: Yeah. AA: Thank you. JM: Yeah. JM: So today is November 16th, 2018. AA: 17th JM: It's the 17th? It is the 17th. AA: Tomorrow is Mickey Mouse's birthday. JM: You're right, it's November 17th, 2018. AA: Right [laughs] JM: I am here with Anna, conducting an oral history for the L'or v'dor Project. Would you please state your name for the recording? AA: My name is Anna Alpert. JM: Thank you. Do you consent to participate and have your history recorded for this project? AA: Yes. JM: Alright. AA: As long as I can keep eating my bagel. JM: Go right ahead. 1 �JM: Alright, so tell me about yourself and your life, and what you were like as a child/young adult. AA: Wow, that's a pretty big question! JM: It is. AA: It's huge. I mean, where do you start? If somebody was longer it wouldn't take as long, but... [laughs] Okay, I was born in Paris, France, and I'm the daughter of Holocaust survivors, which I'm very proud of. I did have a sister, who died before I was even born. I'm an only child and came to the United States when I was five. Lived in St. Louis, did not care for it; it was hot and humid. Did you say you were from St. Louis? JM: No. AA: Somebody I talked to was from St. Louis. We moved to St. Paul. Spent most of my childhood there. Not too many friends. Started dancing, taking ballet classes, which I still—I don't take classes, I teach now. Moved to California just before my senior year, which was horrible. JM: That would be horrible. AA: Absolutely terrible. After going through kindergarten all the way up, but my parents were practical: You wanna go to UCLA, we have to establish residency. Okay, so moved to Los Angeles, love it there. Love the weather, love the geography with the mountains and the palm trees and the beach. Love it there! Went to college at UCLA. Met my husband at a camp. Moved to Muskegon, because that's where his job took him, and love the people—I love—sometimes I say I wish I could do a Brigadoon, which is take the whole town of Muskegon—the musical—and just float it over to like around San Diego. Cause I love the people here. I don't care for the weather, and the gloom. No sun. You know last month we only had—we had 21 days with no sun? JM: I did not know that. AA: From October 23rd until this week. JM: Wow. AA: Yeah. JM: That's Michigan. [laughs] 2 �AA: I have three kids—unfortunately one of them passed way, is not with us—and an absolutely phenomenal best grandson in the entire world [laughs]. I think that kind of covers it. I'm sure there's a lot of other things that are in there. JM: Well, that's a good place to start. AA: Oh! I know one thing I forgot to put on my timeline. I'm a founding member of the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, which I'm very proud of, and also Gilana's fund, which was named after our daughter. JM: Going back to your parents, you're the child of Holocaust survivors, and not everyone in the Temple has had this experience. AA: No JM: So I was just wondering if you could tell me about it, because you're sort of the generation after, if that makes sense. AA: Yeah, I'm the child of survivors, I'm the second generation. JM: Right, so that specifically. AA: It's an added responsibility now because so many survivors are dying. Cause we're what, 70 years after 1945? Yeah, more than 70, and now about the only thing that's left are maybe child survivors. Those who were, you know, children. So now it's up to those of us who were children of survivors to carry on their story. One reason I am so passionate about it, is because I strongly feel that—the people who died—it has to mean something. It has to mean something, their death, their existence. So I use that—for good—cause I tend to be pretty optimistic, and I just want people to learn so that doesn't happen again. It's become a trite phrase: never again, but it's true, and today, when you see so many similarities, you really have to impress upon kids, and that's my focus. I mean, adults, yes, but I really feel that if you can get—especially middle school kids [laughs] yeah—if you can get them to realize that and internalize it, at least what happened to my family will have some positive outcome. So. I don't think there's anybody else, now in the congregation, who has that experience. JM: Yeah, I don't believe so. AA: There used to be. There is one woman, but she doesn't come that often. But as far as being an active member. JM: Right, yeah, you're the only one. AA: I love going around to schools and talking about it. I really really do. 3 �JM: Yeah, I was curious, so the center that you helped found, is that how you—like is that what you do your work under? AA: Yes, the Center for Holocaust and Genocide studies used to be called the Shoah Remembrance Committee. It was Pastor Anderson, my husband, and I. Trying to remember, I used to say Pastor Anderson was Moses, he was our leader. My husband was Aaron, who did the work. I was Miriam, who kept them on track. JM: [laughs] Yeah AA: Right? JM: Yeah AA: The maintenance stuff. But it's under that committee, and of course now we have more members, but we, for instance, did the Gathering of Healing and Solidarity after the Pittsburgh incident. We have a commemoration service in the Spring. We bring in speakers. We try and arrange programs to go out to schools. We're kind of—and we've broadened our base, not just the Holocaust, but and genocide studies. Because there are other—like this past week we had a speaker on the Armenian genocide, which is fascinating. God! I didn't know anything about that. But it basically, it's how can we combat hate and ignorance? How can we get people to think for themselves? That's something I'm really, really passionate about. JM: That's awesome. I think it's really great. AA: So, that's what I do. And Gilana's fund, which is another one that I'm really hoping to perpetuate, was named after our daughter, who died when she was 26, yeah. She—it kind of ties in with the center because our tagline is: celebrating acceptance, cause she was such an accepting person. That we raise money to give to various organizations that celebrate acceptance of themselves, of each other, the Elie Wiesel fund, Big Brothers Big Sisters, any organization that helps with the idea of acceptance, is what we support. So they kind of go hand in hand. JM: Definitely. Those are two awesome organizations. AA: Oh yeah. JM: Yeah AA: Oh yeah. JM: Okay, so— 4 �AA: Accepting my bagel too JM: [laughs] JM: We sort of just kind of talked about this but, one of the next questions is: what were the most important roles that you've had in life? AA: Being a person. JM: That's a pretty good role. AA: [laughs] Being a teacher. I think is very important because I've been able to influence so many people, hopefully for the good. Being married to Alan, because it brought me here to Muskegon, and the position that I hold in this community. Absolutely definitely being a mother. I mean, that's right up there. It's just been such an incredible experience. My parents had just me, that was enough. But having had three kids and seeing how two people can have three different personalities and raising them in the same household, three different personalities. It's just incredible. Then now as a grandmother, seeing my child in that position and how she’s improving on what I did. and seeing just the wonder and the excitement and the, you know, 'Oh look what I found!' 'It's just a blade of grass.' 'Oh but look it's wonderful!' I go, 'Yeah, I guess it is wonderful.' I think being the rabbi's wife here in Muskegon, being a mother, being a teacher, being a grandmother. Those are the four. JM: Can you describe what it means for you to be a Jew? AA: Mm. These questions you could just spend hours talking about. You know, interacting, not just talking. JM: Yes. AA: A responsibility. That's the first word that comes to mind, because I think our heritage and our traditions are so rich and deep. It's a responsibility. People always say, you know, we're “the chosen”, supposedly, or when God says: I have chosen you, it's not something taken lightly because throughout our history we have had that responsibility and then paid the price for it often. But I think that's my role primarily is that responsibility... and the joy! I mean, duh, not to negate that part, and the pride. So, I think that's kinda it. JM: How do you practice Judaism? AA: [pause] Jen. I'm married to the rabbi 5 �[both laugh] JM: But for you specifically. Like I know that, I think, rabbi keeps kosher, but you don't, right? AA: In the house we do. JM: Oh, you do, both, in the house? AA: Mmhm. The only place that we vary is when we eat out. But at home we have kosher home. Would I have that if he wasn't the rabbi? Maybe. I don't know. What was the question? JM: How you practice Judaism? AA: I guess, with me, it's talking about it. You know, letting people know, you know, with my star [lifts up necklace], being open to answering questions, being proud of it. I don't think it's so much—being a reformed Jew I don't think it's as important to have the ritual part of it. The ritual is the outward appearance of what you're feeling. I think talking about the way I feel about the way I feel about it. But definitely the holidays are very important. The way we raised our kids, was very important, and excepting that responsibility that I talked about. JM: Can you tell me about a time that you questioned your faith? AA: When my daughter died. JM: Okay, can you tell more Gilana? AA: Oh [laughs] oh Gilana. How do I describe Gilana? It almost sounds like that, you know, ‘how do you solve a problem like Maria?’ [both laugh] AA: How do you explain a person like Gilana? She was an imp. Red hair, brown eyes, edgy, very edgy, very passionate. You know, when she, when she got her mind on something, and that's why we have that celebrating acceptance, that Gilana's fund, cause she was so passionate about accepting people as they were, where they were. When she died, we said, it can't stop, she can't to her work, we have to do her work. But as a child she was—I remember one time, I think she was in middle school, probably taking government, and I was doing laundry. We had the best time that day. She just propped herself up on the dryer, which was probably the warmest place in the house, and we just talked about the government, and she was in middle school! You know, the different branches, the checks and balances, and she always was questioning, and I 6 �remember when she got to Indiana University, when we were moving her in, we were waiting for her to come back and we couldn't find her and we go out on campus and it was a bright beautiful fall day and she's just walking around, swishing through the leaves [laughs] and just enjoying life. And then I remember, she also said, ‘Mom, I'm finally able to have a conversation with somebody.’ In college. When she was in elementary school, she wanted to get to middle school. When she was in middle school, ‘I want to get to high school.’ Because she never felt she could really have a conversation. Cause, you know, you've gone through, when you get to middle school and high school it's like ‘what are you wearing?’ and all that kind of stuff. She didn't care. She wanted to get into things. And she had a phenomenal sense of humor. And she loved The Beatles. The Beatles were her boys. Those were her boys. She could listen to a song and say, ‘John's playing the guitar there, and that's Paul's voice.’ She just could pick them out. She loved the Beatles. JM: That's pretty cool. AA: And she introduced me to a lot of the songs, cause she was taking a class in the history of rock n’ roll. When I used to go down there, and I would sit in on the class with her, she would always—she just introduced me to so much. She was great. Yeah. I miss her terribly. I miss our conversations. JM: So do you still believe in God, or do you...? AA: Yeah, the thing—the turning point—after she died, I was furious. Because we have a tradition that with the high holidays, with Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, that the book of life is opened and it's sealed. And the decision is made who shall live and who shall die. Traditionally. And I sat there going, ‘Give me break!’ You know, why was this person chosen not to live, who had so much promise to do so much. I mean she [laughs] she worked at an adult toy store, and loved it, because she was helping people. You know, she didn't look at it as being, ‘Oh my goodness, I gotta keep this secret.’ She says, ‘Mom, I'm helping people.’ She wanted to go into either sex therapy or sex education. But I was so angry with the concept and I was saying, ‘oh God, how could you do this?’ And then I realized, how could you be angry at something that doesn't exist? So, God must exist if you're being angry, and that was kind of a turning point. And I think most people as they get older, start getting a little bit more spiritual. I'm not the kind of person—Alan, you're not hearing me say this—that believes I have to be in this building, and sometimes I don't want to be here for services, reading the same thing that everybody else reads. I'd rather go outside. I'd rather sit in the garden. I’d rather look up at the sky. You know, some part of me thinks that I may have been a Native American in my early life, because I really, feel the trees have a soul and that I don't like to cut down a tree, I don't like to pull the leaves off, cause they hurt. But that's, to me, where I feel that there's a God, is when I'm outside. JM: That's interesting. 7 �AA: Yeah. JM: And it's almost like earlier, how you practice, it's almost like that sort of, I feel like goes along… AA: Mmhm, yeah. Cause, I think if you feel that you have to be here at services to pray, it compartmentalizes it. It puts a beginning and an end. You know, I'm walking in, I'm Jewish. I'm walking out, I'm secular, it stops. And it's not the way it is. JM: That's interesting. AA: Okay. JM: That's smart. AA: You do what you want with that piece of information. JM: Okay, so kind of linked to that, what has it been like being the rabbi's wife? AA: [laughs] JM: And when you met Alan, did you—was he already planning on being a rabbi? AA: Mhmm, I knew what I was getting into. JM: Okay [laughs] AA: Let me start by saying that I am so fortunate that this is the congregation we're with. They're extremely accepting. When I was younger, there's a term called rabbitzen. I don't know if you've heard that? JM: AA: I think so, yeah That's the phrase that often times they'll call the rabbi's wife, and I didn't want that because that had a certain stereotype in my brain, of the woman who runs everything, and is forceful and domineering, and I'm going ‘nahh’ and I remember coming to Muskegon, going ‘I'm not the rabbitzen. If I'm married to the rabbi, I'm the playboy bunny. I'm not a rabbit, I'm a bunny’ [laughs]. But, they have been—in fact, within a year of coming here, I've always been involved in theatre and theatre sometimes is on a Friday night, and they've never been critical of my having to take it off. And one year we did The Merry Widow, and I don't know if you're familiar with that play, but it's about a man who falls in love with a courtesan and she goes to—and it takes place in France, so there's the can-can girls and we all know about the can-can girls. 8 �JM: Yes, AA: I was one of 'em! And I remember sitting there on stage, sitting on one of the guy's laps. The guy happened to be the daughter of somebody in our congregation, who was off stage cause she was involved in the play as well, and I'm going [awkward noise and laugh] you know, part of me is going, ‘I'm the rabbi's wife sitting on a congregant's son's lap, playing a can-can girl.’ [laughs] But, never, any questions as to why I wasn't there, or as to what I was doing. And I'm, by nature, somebody that gets involved, and likes to be involved and share things and whatever. So, they've given me that opportunity, within this—and they've never been demanding of me. Never thinking ‘you need to fit this role.’ So it's, it's just never been a problem, it's just kind of been an extension of me. JM: That's very interesting, that's cool. AA: Yeah, if you, if, there are some rabbis who are married to a spouse who are more introverted, maybe, and don't want to be involved, that might be a problem, depending on how the rabbi—but I think a lot of it has to do on what the rabbi—that's the connection between the congregation and the spouse, and I'm using those terms because there are rabbis who are women as well. You know, but the rabbi sets the boundaries that ‘my spouse will be doing some other things,’ the congregation will more or less accept it. And Alan has always done that. You know, ‘Anna is not gonna be here.’ Even now, I can't come to services, I'm involved with the Miss Michigan pageant, a studio recital, I'm not feeling well, and never, never any problems. JM: Can you describe your earliest memories of the temple? AA: Of this temple? JM: Yeah AA: Oh, yeah, huh [laughs]. Because I think, when we came here, I'm tryin’ remember, ‘76, I was just shy of being 28 and we were interviewed here and I just remember being at somebody's house being interviewed. And then the building itself, coming in here, is to me, is very stark, and that's not really my taste, but I can appreciate the fact that some people do like it. It was built in the forties, and it reflects that period, so being a historical...a hysterian... a hysterical historian [both laugh] I kind of look at it as reflecting the period it was built in. But I met the people before I was in the building. I think you're talking about the building, or about the congregation? JM: Either one. If your first interaction is with this building or with the congregation... AA: My first interaction was with the people. I remember after the interview, going home, and there were two or three women that I had already picked out that I thought, you know, I could probably get to be really good friends with them. And they were so 9 �accepting and natural, as you've experienced. I never felt that I had to impress or was intimidated by anybody. Eh, maybe one or two [laughs] but being who I am, even the people that I've felt were a little intimidating, I always kind of said, probably deep down, they're not like that. They're probably doing that for a reason or putting on a certain persona because they feel they have to, and there's gotta be something in there that's more relaxed. But my first impression with the people was, ‘they're pretty neat, really.’ JM: I agree with that. [both laugh] Okay. What changes have you witnessed at B'nai Israel? AA: Mm. [pretends to talk with mouth closed as she eats bagel] JM: That's alright [laughs] AA: Chewing and thinking. It's gotten smaller, for sure. It bothers me that we don't have kids as much anymore. That was one of the things that [recording glitches] here when we were trying to decide [glitch] I can remember thinking, ‘oh, there's a youth group! I can maybe in charge of the youth group.’ I think one of the biggest things, because as we've gotten smaller, there's more of a blending. That's the only word I can think of. It hasn't become congregant [holds up one hand] us [holds up other hand separate]. It's more like [interlaces fingers of hands] it's a bunch of people that get together. We have all these things, but it's not imposed, it's: we decide together. Obviously, not the holidays. Those are pretty much set, but even within the holidays there are things that people say, you know, ‘can we not do this?’ or I remember once, we were ready to start services, and Alan was up in the front wanting to start, and we were talking, and I don't remember who it was, it might have been Lee [leans forward and whispers to microphone]: don't quote me on that. [laughs] And we, a bunch of us, turned around and said, ‘wait a minute, we're not ready yet,’ and we kept on talking and he's just standing up there [laughs] but that's kind of the feeling. Or we'll come in and we'll say, ‘you know what, why don't we go outside and do services today?’ So it feels more, than it did before, because we are smaller, and also more distance from the previous rabbi. Cause the previous rabbi had certain standards that he set up, and then gradually it became us. But it's more of a—like a family, deciding what's gonna happen. That's a big change that's happened gradually. JM: It's become more family like. A [to M who entered room]: Who made up these questions? M: The students collectively. AA: Woah. [laughs] E [entered with M]: Questions by committee. 10 �AA: Yeah! JM: What are your worst memories and your best memories at B'nai Israel? AA: Oh, good grief [laughs] and this is going to be recorded, right? JM: Yes, it is [laughs] AA: Can I plead the fifth? [laughs] JM: You don't have to say anything you don't want to. AA: Worst memories and best memories… Best memories: oh my god, probably around my kids. I remember with Gilana, she was not even a year, and it was the high holidays, she must have been about four or five months, and at one-point Alan says, ‘and we all say amen’ and everybody goes ‘Amen,’ and then I hear this little voice going ‘Ah-eh-ah’ [laughs]. That's one memory I always have. I have one memory of, it seems to be mostly of Gilana, where we couldn't find her. She was three or four and she had climbed up the stairs in the kitchen, and there used to be a field back here [points out library window] and this guy walks up to the front door and he says, ‘are you looking for a little redheaded girl?’ I'm going ‘well, why didn't you grab her?!’ You know, she was heading that way [points out window] to the street, so I think that might not be a very fond memory. But it's also a little hard to say temple, or Jewish community. Very fond memory around our centennial when all of Muskegon celebrated us. We had Itzhak Perlman here, if you know who he is. JM: Yes, I do! I do. AA: Wow! You know, that was amazing! Weddings that have been held here, bar and bat mitzvahs of my kids, working with the Sunday school. Alan always used to say, ‘I wanna be a rabbi in a community where I can work through generations,’ and we've had that. We've known great-grandparents, grandparents, children, grandchildren, and that's been really neat. Worst memories: I can't think of any. You know, obviously probably the deaths of some people that were very important. People leaving, that meant a lot to us, that have moved on. That's pretty much it. I can't think of anything. It's interesting that you ask that question. I can't think of anything! Now [transition back to best memories], having my children, when they were brought into the community, and the way everybody accepted them, and they were raised by this congregation. That's a good memory. Having a bite of my bagel. JM: How would you describe the values of B'nai Israel? AA: Good. 11 �JM: Good? [both laugh] AA: I'm chewing! JM: Okay. AA: Very positive. There are times when I'll say, ‘Ah, oh my god we're so small. How are we going to do anything? Is it really worth putting this in? We're so small. Are we really going to be here that long?’ and the value of these people is: we're here, let's do it. Why shouldn't we plan this? Why shouldn't we put in a stairlift, people are going to be getting older. Why shouldn't fix the roof? As opposed to saying, let's just close down and get smaller. It's ‘No. We're still here. We're still thriving. We're vibrant.’ That's a very positive value. The value of their involvement in the community. I really think that Muskegon must think that we're bigger than we are, because we are so involved, in the symphony, in the museum, in the library, in, you know, in every aspect, we're there. I think the values are really positive. And you've experienced that. JM: Yes, definitely, I have. JM: Okay, so beyond—so you have kind of already answered this with what you've said, but beyond being married to the rabbi, what still keeps you a member of this temple? AA: It's the only one in town [laughs] You know, let's get practical, Jen. JM: Right, well why have you and Alan stayed in Muskegon? AA: Oh, going back to a positive thing that happened here! It just happened this summer! The feeling when Jen and Kim got married. Jennifer, a different Jen. When they got married, because they'd been going together for so long, but they wanted to formalize their union, and what was so wonderful about it, was when Ellen approached our president about whether they could get married, nobody thought anything other than ‘Are they members?’ and that was such a beautiful thing. Nobody questioned that it was going to be a same sex marriage. It was just: it's happening. Very natural, and that is such a positive value, and I'm so proud of this congregation for that. It was one of the most beautiful ceremonies, and most joyful and loving that we have ever ever had. It was wonderful. Then my son posted on Facebook ‘This is where I come from, I'm so proud of my father,’ and I'm going ‘aww, I love you David!’ [laughs] Anyway, that wasn't the question you just asked me. What keeps me here? JM: That's alright. So yeah, you and Alan have been here since 1976, right? AA: ‘76 12 �JM: So why have you stayed at this temple? Cause usually rabbis will move around, so what has...? AA: Cause there has always been something that's gonna be happening that we want to be a part of. You know, we had an opportunity to move at one point, and I remember thinking, ‘oh, but the centennials coming up’, ‘oh but I want to wait until so-and-so gets married’, or you know, ‘I wanna see what happens with this’, it's really the people that are so wonderful. I mean, when, again, I go back to when Gilana died, I don't know what we would have done. I mean can you imagine one of our congregants drove Alan down to Chicago in the middle of the night, and stayed with us? And was so instrumental when the doctors talked to us, obviously our minds were going all over the place, but he and his wife had this talent of listening, interpreting for us, and then leaving the room, to help us—they were just there. Then we came and, we came back on a Monday, and just like that the congregation had arranged sweets and coffee and all that to welcome us back. That whole week, you know. We had a huge celebration at the Frauenthal, which wasn't just the congregation, it was the whole city. And that's what keeps us here. It’s just every time I think we're gonna move or maybe we should retire, it’s like, can we take the town with us? [laughs] JM: Right, this your community. AA: But, you know, obviously, he is the rabbi and he's not going to move until there is no congregation, which I don't think will ever happen, I hope. JM: Yeah, that's, well actually the next question is how do you envision the future of B'nai Israel? AA: Who knows. We have been told so many times, going back 30 years, 40 years, no, not quite that much, ‘you might wanna start looking. This congregation has maybe five more years.’ In fact, my son, he says that scared his life. Cause Alan would always come home going ‘we may not be here much longer.’ Can you imagine saying that to a 5 year old, a 6 year old, a 10 year old? ‘Ahh, don't get too comfortable?’ [laughs] ‘Can I unpack my bag yet dad?’ But it's like the little engine that could, ‘I think I can, I think I can, I think I can.’ It just keeps going. Okay, so we don't have a function that attracts 100 people, so we have 50, so we have 30, so we have 20. But we have 20! It’s the congregation that always looks at the positive, not ‘well, we're not here anymore. maybe we should sell the building and move someplace.’ It's ‘no, we're gonna fix this up. This is our home.’ So I don't know what the future's gonna be. If Muskegon turns around, which it might, we might get more people. And we're here. JM: You're ready for ‘em AA: We're ready! Come and get it [laughs] 13 �JM: That's awesome. AA: Yeah JM: Yeah. I don't have other specific questions. Is there anything else that you… I actually do have one other question. When we talked about... ballet! So just tell me about your— why you do ballet? You teach it now, right? AA: Mmhm JM: And did you used to do it yourself? AA: Mmhm, not professionally, semi-professionally. I was a semi, I guess you could say semiprofessional, folk-dancing, it was really folk-dancing. I was a part of company, and we travelled, and we were paid. So I guess that's what makes it professional. I started taking ballet when I was six or seven, I don't remember what I put on there [referring to timeline of life]. JM: Yes, six, “started dance classes.” AA: It's always been there. I remember once, we had just moved to California, and my parents had gone somewhere, and I was home I had to wash my hair, or do something or other, and the landlord came up to fix something. And I was listening to Swan Lake, and he stops before he leaves, and he goes ‘Why are you so different?’ and I'm going ‘oh my god, where are we going with this thing?’ and I'm like, ‘whattya mean?’ and I knew him so we could talk. And he said, ‘You're seventeen years old and you're listening to Tchaikovsky. Why are you different?’ [laughs] That's just me, I've always been drawn to classical music. I'm always drawn to things that move. I'm always drawn to sculptures or pictures that have fluid things. You know, I'm not, I don't like—that's one thing with this building, it's so geometric. JM: It is very geometric. AA: Very geometric! But I love sculptures that have circles to it. That have movement. I love rhythms. I love drums! Oh my god. I love to embarrass my kids in the grocery store. ‘Mom, you're doing that again!’ ‘Yes!’ It's just been a way of expressing myself, maybe because I was an only child. It gave me that outlet. That brought me to theatre, and Alan loves musical theatre, and I do, and so, our son's a director, and Gilana was majoring in theatre too. One child that is practical and that's Aleza, she's a teacher! I always used to say Gilana and David were gonna struggle and Aleza was going to support them both. She's the practical one. God, I've talked more about Gilana than David and Aleza in this interview. But with theatre because it’s such—everybody talks about sports as being a way of teamwork and cooperation and discipline—so are the arts. There was a quote 14 �that I saw on Facebook, I can't remember what it is but basically with the arts, what do you have of past civilizations? You have their art. You have their sculpture. You have your literature. You have their paintings. That's what survives. Not their sports—except the Olympics—not the sports and the competition stuff. I'm not downplaying that, but when I teach my students, I've always said to them, you know they say, ‘well I can't come next week because I've got a final.’ I'm going: organize. You've got a class, discipline yourself. You’ve got a class on Thursday, you've got a paper due Friday, you get it done on Tuesday. You know, the organization part. It's also making the kids aware of what their bodies can do. It's like, okay you wanna reach for the cookie jar on the top shelf, what are you going to do with your body weight? How are ya going to support that, you know, that little—it's learning about their bodies and what it can do. And so, I just, I love teaching it now. JM: That's amazing. You never really think about it that way. AA: Yeah, and then in my class I always try to bring in—they always know that when we have a recital, if you're in Miss Anna's class, you're gonna do it to classical music. Not anything modern. Cause, when I do that, I teach them about the composer, about the music, about the period. I'm a history teacher, I can't get away from that. And, you know, I just, I try to give them some reason—none of them are going to become professional dancers—but some reason for why they should be there, an appreciation for that, developing that, learning how to steal the cookies from the top shelf when they shouldn't. JM: Were you a history teacher in Muskegon? So I know you taught ballet, but… AA: I teach ballet and my major is history, my minor is speech. That's why I talk so much. [laughs] I’ve never really taught—I did teach long term a little bit, but in Muskegon I did mostly subbing. No, actually I subbed once for almost an entire semester. As I say, I've never really had my own class to corrupt. [laughs] But I do like to tell kids—because history is a boring subject for everybody, I don't know if you liked history? JM: I did, I liked history. AA: But I always tell them, you've never had me for a teacher. Cause everybody looks at history as being all those dull facts and figures, and I'm going: that's just the coat hanger. It's not the whole thing. It's what you hang everything else on, and it's the everything else that's so exciting. And yeah, the dates never change, but your interpretation of what happened will change, and your interpretation will reflect where you live. And so, somebody living in the 20th century may look at the Civil War different from somebody who lived right afterwards, or somebody next year, or whatever. So history is constantly changing, but most teachers will teach it as go come and learn this dates, and I'm going ‘Ugh, please.’ So I would say, history and dance, and my family, are the three big things in my life. 15 �JM: Yeah, sounds like it. Can you tell me more about David and Aleza? AA: Yeah, oh my goodness. David, my youngest, being the only boy, and as he told me as he was graduating high school, that he says ‘Mom, you will never have a daughter-in-law,’ and I said, ‘Go forward.’ You know, he says, ‘you'll never have a daughter-in-law’ and I said, ‘so I'll have another son-in-law, that's okay!’ And, as I'm sure many parents of gay children will say, my first concern is for you, because luckily society is getting, hopefully, more accepting, but they haven’t always been. But he has done incredibly well. He’s very focused. He's very organized. He has tremendous people skills. And to be successful in that field in New York, is brutal. It's really, really—and sometimes when he feels down I say, ‘Hey, David, how many of your friends moved to New York when you did? How many are still here? How many are still here pursuing theatre, or gone into other careers? You are so focused,’ and I say to him, ‘If dad and I didn’t think you had the talent, we wouldn't be supporting you. By now we would have said, maybe you should find something else.’ But…I'd love for him to get off my payroll. [laughs] He's still on our payroll, but we don’t care because he has the talent. From what we've heard other people say about him, and the work we've seen, he has the talent, so why shouldn't we. He's going to make it. And then he comes back with, ‘what do you mean going to? I have.’ I go, ‘don't get too cocky. You know, I brought you into this world, I can take you out.’ [laughs] But he's right, he has made it because he's survived. And he's getting more and more known, and he's getting asked, and he's—you know, I think the bond between a mother and son is very special, and especially when that son is the youngest. And, I'm gonna say this, especially when your son has a lot of feminine traits, and obviously in dance I've met a lot of gay men, and they have always been the kindest, most generous, most loving, and to have a son like that? Why should I object to it? And so he has been, he calls, he still sits on my lap [laughs]. As he was growing up, being the last one out of the house, you know, going with me to run errands. And then Aleza has always been the stable one, I don't know if it's cause she's a middle child. Are you a middle child? JM: I am not. I'm the youngest. AA: Okay, so you're my David. JM: Yes. AA: Perfect example of Aleza, okay, we're at the dinner table, and Gilana being a redhead, and David being a redhead, and both being in theatre, [flicks arms up and down] boing! boing! boing! everything's flying around! And Gilana shares my husband's passion for things, just [makes movement and noise indicating discord] you know, fighting, and there's Aleza, and she, you know, she waits for a pause in the conversation and she goes ‘Can you pass me the salt?’ [laughs] That happened! You know, the other ones, the four people just going at it, and she just ‘can you pass me the salt?’ Just very calm, very focused, very generous, very stable. There's David and Gilana [holds up one fist for 16 �David, and the other for Gilana] and there's Aleza [puts fists together] holding on to them as they go. Just very—and I have been so fortunate that my kids are extremely close. Extremely. It was like, Gilana and David were very close, not so much Aleza, until Aleza, I always say kinda crossed the bridge, became closer Gilana as she aged, and then David was left behind. And then David caught up. When they were younger, because Alan grew up with two brothers, he would wanna go running in. I'd say, ‘wait.’ When he'd hear screaming, I'd go, ‘let ‘em work it out.’ And sometimes I wonder, how did I know that? I was an only child. But a friend of ours said, ‘if there's no blood, don't go,’ and they would solve it, and I think that's what did it. They learned to be together, and even now, David will say to me, ‘I'm flying down to Charlotte, next week. I just wanna see Aleza,’ or she'll go up to see him. I'll say to them, ‘have you talked?’ ‘Oh yeah, we talked to each other this morning, or yesterday.’ Feeling in myself, I'm going, ‘you didn't call me…’ [laughs] and then I go, ‘that's okay.’ You know, they're very very very close to each other. When David went to Western, and he was a freshman, and it was orientation week, and he was really lonely cause he was very much a home kid, Aleza borrowed her roommate’s car and drove in from Lansing, to spend the day with him. They do things like that. So, I'm very very fortunate to have those three kids. JM: They sound awesome. AA: Ah, they are. They really are. And I'm gonna see ‘em next week [laughs] JM: Yay! AA: So, did I answer everything? JM: You answered everything. Yeah, I mean [looks at Timeline] AA: Oh, that thing [looks at timeline]. Last year I was given the Friends of Hackley Library Humanitarian Award. I remember when I got it, I said to Alan, ‘I think this is a mistake.’ [laughs] I mean, what have I done. And then Susan Harrison Wolf, who’s a friend of ours and she worked for the chronicle, typical writer's response ‘just start writing down things.’ I guess, that was another highlight. I just kind of added that. JM: Yeah, I think that's great! I mean, from what I've heard, you've done a lot. AA: Yeah, I guess I have. But, this was fun! JM: Good, I'm glad that you enjoyed! AA: Yeah, and like I said, I love talking to classrooms. I love talking to—I love talking. I love eating bagels. What time is it? Oh my god, it's almost one o'clock. We've been talking for a while. 17 �JM: Yeah, looks like [looks at recorder] almost 50 minutes. AA: Really?! JM: Yeah AA: Wow JM: It's wild. I did notice one other thing on here [the timeline] you wrote down “met [your] best friend, Barbara.” You wanna tell me more about that? AA: Mmhm, Barbara and I just celebrated our 50th anniversary, that's what this rose is for [points to necklace]. This star [other necklace she is wearing] by the way was Gilana's. And um, there's the rose [points back to other necklace]. She [Barbara] was my big sister in the sorority, and an only child. In our first week, we went off on a retreat and it was the middle of the night, and we were out at a beach house and I couldn't find the key to the bathroom [laughs] and she got up to help me. And I figured, I think I'll get to know this woman a little bit more. And, it's interesting because our lives are so parallel. When we were growing up, I mean, throughout our friendship she'd say ‘god, I stubbed my toe yesterday,’ and I'm going ‘Really? So did I!’ ‘I'm coming down with a cold.’ ‘So am I.’ I mean there was so many things that would happen, at the same time. But they say that if you know somebody ten years, whatever, you'll know them for a lifetime. With her— and I have another friend from 8th grade that we were in the same city for one year, her family moved to New York, we stayed in St. Paul, we're still friends. JM: That's amazing. AA: Isn't it? JM: That's very amazing. AA: From 8th grade. Then I have another friend in Chicago from high school. JM: That's really amazing. AA: You have to work at it. JM: Yes, definitely! AA: And you have to have the right person. But Barbara, I know, in fact, sometimes when I— it's something about her, that I can't call her and ask her about [laughs] or complain about. It's like, well who do I complain about her to. But never. But that was a high point, meeting her. 18 �JM: Okay, well, I don't have any other questions. Is there anything else you'd like to say? AA: Thank you! JM: Thank you, this was amazing. AA: I'm gonna go eat my bagel now. 19 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6a84c2406041db477386ab65e8d53988.mp3 1805172fd9e8eeb170e6ac6d668eeca5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_AlpertA_20181117 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alpert, Anna Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-11-17 Title A name given to the resource Anna Alpert (Audio interview and transcript), 2018 Description An account of the resource Anna Alpert was born in Paris, France, and is the daughter of Holocaust survivors. She immigrated to the United States with her family at the age of five. She attended college at UCLA, where she met her husband, and later moved to Muskegon, Michigan and joined the B'nai Israel congregation. In this interview, she discusses her personal history, family, and memories of the temple and Muskegon Jewish community. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Morrish, J.R. (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States--Personal narratives Muskegon (Mich.) Oral history Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Recorded for the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/089e648bc2e9e83f40c1204617b390f2.pdf 8c7a9f6075cb78ab00d822fd63e9cbde PDF Text Text Speaking Out Western Michigan’s Civil Rights Histories Interviewee: Anna Fisk Interviewers: Zak Johnson, Andrew Guerkink, and Peter Braseth Supervising Faculty: Melanie Shell-Weiss Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 2/26/2012 Biography and Description Anna Fisk was born and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She is an advocate and activist. She discusses growing up being lesbian in a Christian household. Transcript JOHNSON: We are currently recording. GUERKINK: We are on the books. JOHNSON: Cool, forever. GUERKINK: Ok, so there are just a few things we have to get through. A little spew I have to say. So, My name is Andrew and I am here today with Anna Fisk it is February 16 the year 2012 ah and we are in grand valley's Kirkhof center here in Allendale Michigan. And we are going to talk about here experience here in West Michigan. so, could you, please, give us your full name. FISK: Ah, Anna Fisk. Anna Marie Fisk GUERKINK: And where and when were you born? FISK: I was born in Grand Rapids at Butterworth Hospital October 20th 1981. GUERKINK: And your parents, siblings, family? FISK: Names or? GUERKINK: Names, or whatever you like. FISK: My mother is Lou Ellen Fisk. My dad is Gene Fisk. Ah siblings, oldest is Kelly Fisk uh then Jeremy Fisk and then Elijah Fisk. We all have the same last name cuz of marriage and divorce reasons but [Laughter]. We're all Fisks. [Laughter] GUERKINK: And so we want to talk broadly about your experience in West Michigan, you were born here in Butterworth; I was born in St. Mary's so in West Michigan how do you define yourself? What is Page 1 �your identity? FISK: In West Michigan well, I am and advocate and activist firstly...at this point in my life anyway. I'm a lesbian. I am white I am privileged, I am working class. GUERKINK: Do you feel like, the things you described those are the things you see yourself as, in this area when people look at you do they see the same things? Do you believe that? FISK: I think they do, actually. Maybe because my hair, I like to do fun things with my hair I always have. I used to dye it all different colors when I was younger. I can't tell you how many times I’ve been called sir. Which I'm like? But throughout my life except when I had long hair but I cut it short when I was 16. And mostly it happens from people who are highly intoxicated and probably living on the street. I correct them or they see my face and they say sorry. so I think that it's kind of obvious and people are like, "she must be a lesbian." I present more masculine than feminine probably, and it’s obvious that I white and therefore privileged. I don't know if working class is all written on me, but maybe my values or something. GUERKINK: So you talk about your phase of doing things with your hair when you first cut it off. Sort of when, you are seen by other people, they say, "oh she's a different girl" cuz you like to different things with your hair. Was there a point in your life when you were like, "hey I'm totally different from others around me because I wanna cut all of my hair off and go something crazy?" FISK: Absolutely, especially coming from a rural place. I went to Tri-Counties Schools, quite rural, literally surrounded by corn fields. It's on the borders of Malcolm, Newaygo, and Kent counties so it's... I mean there were so many dirt roads when I was going to high school. so let's see, I came out when I was 16. It was during the next years or so that I cut off my hair. It was reflecting my inner feelings of feeling different. My clothing style didn't really change much. I guess you could say very tomboy. I was always athletic looking. I did start dying it really like platinum. I even shaved it a couples times when I was 17/18/19. JOHNSON: Demi Moore FISK: And that was cool back then, and I did not look cute. GUERKINK: It’s just so funny, I don't wanna get too personal but my sister did the same things, she had her phase of platinum and cut really short and its just funny because you do have those feeling inside and you wanna get them out and so i wanna stay on topic with you and go with when you were going through those phases. Were there people in your life around you who encouraged you to develop who you are and your identity and embrace the outward expression of what’s inside? FISK: No. [Laughter]. My family was and still is, I mean a little background. JOHNSON: Yeah, please I'd like to hear about it. FISK: They I grew up in the best way to describe it is Pentecostal tradition. Christian. a lot of shouting raising your hand in church a lot of worship and literally people doing like things that outsiders would come in and say, "what the hell are you doing?" right. Like, "what are you doing right now?" When I was Page 2 �little, I would sit and draw during church cuz it was like 3-4 hours long. so that was my religious upbringing. And I was actually quite involved in church. I mean we went to Pentecostal church when I was growing up and then we started going to Free Methodist Church because my mom's family went there so we wanted to be close to them or something. She also played piano also at all the churches we went to so they need pianists and so she went to the Free Methodist Church which was quite mundane compared to the Pentecostal churches. And I became quite active in the youth group there I was like a pre-teen and I was like a teenager it was very religious and I say religious because I really bought into the religion part of it. And I kinda developed by own spirituality from that also and started going to a different church called, Bella vista church by Rockford. I started going there when I was like 16. Anyway back to the original question. My family, I don't know. They didn't condone it, they said, or anything but they're very, very loving people. and my mom is very like very emotional and, (of her mother) "I'm very emotionally connected to my children, let's have a heart to heart talk and be honest with each other." And my dad actually worked 3rd shift most of my life so he was kinda absent honestly throughout most of my life I did really spend a lot of time with him he would uh work all night and then sleep all day, get up, have dinner, watch TV, take a nap, and go to work. That was it. And the weekends he was in the garage. I mean, the most he ever said to me when I first came out was, "ah, I kinda noticed you were a lesbian" I was like ok cool. "ah, ok I m gonna go work on some cars." [Laughter] and I was having my own internalized homophobia feelings and really just strugglin' and they didn't really offer to like help, necessarily, but "oh maybe you should go to therapy" because that was the only way, "go to therapy." So I could be like fixed or I could fight the desire and still have a "normal" heterosexual life. So, I mean, they weren't like were kicking me out. For a lot of teenager the coming out process you may as well, its almost better, if your parents or guardians are like, "well just leave then" because then you're leaving this place where they aren't accepting you and they're thinking things about you. GUERKINK: You know where you stand. FISK: Right. It's almost like so many things are unspoken and they're thinking so many things and there talking to each other about things. And my mom has a large family and I know she's calling every one, "Oh feel bad for me because my daughter is gay." So they were really, I mean, they knew that I was like this wacky teenager before I came out and I was always like the crazy teen out spoken and did weird things. So one time, when I did shave my head and I was a little bit older and I had actually kinda moved out but not really I was 17 it didn't really work out that well, I had shaved my head and moved back home and my dad was like, "look please don't shave you head again." [Laughter] and so I was like, "cool, ok I won't shave my head again." I mean there was really no encouragement. GUERKINK: So, no encouragement from home, but no one really discouraging you from being yourself it wasn't as if someone was telling you, "look you have to completely change who you are or else we are not going to love you." Was that, you don't paint that out to be particularity positive, but was that positive for you? At least you knew people still loved you, even if people didn't talk about it? FISK: I don't know, I mean I've struggled with it for some years. I've been out for like 14 years now and I don't know if it's like I don't know if it's worse to live with that and like almost like I condone because I am still participating and active in their lives i don't know its about love ta that point people use live as a masking of hate. to cover it up is like the white elephant. Even in general when people are commenting, "I don't care what you don you in the bedroom i still love you." Well it does matter because its not about sex it's about loving someone. It's likes saying racist doesn't exist because we love each other. And the fact that they never really did their own research or got books-and I could suggest books about being gay and being Christian and how to deal with having a gay son or daughter- when ur a Christian or Page 3 �something. Go to a PFLAG meeting or something like that, they never, no. JOHNSON: So what is your relationship like with your mom after coming out? FISK: Well m, I mean my mom and I have always been really close. I guess, we always had a lot of fun together. We'd laugh and go shopping. I was the only kid who would love to go shopping so we did that all the time. And just crack up about things and just laugh for hours on end. And that part continued, we still kinda but, there was always this tension after i came out. there still kind of is there's been some pretty good breakthroughs in the past couple of years only I think we kinda didn't talk about it much. I would try to talk about who I was dating or something and she would kinda like not really respond so it definitely strained it quit a bit. I went through so many years where I struggle with, if i should talk to my parents because maybe they're not saying, "screw you don't bring your partner home" m, I don't know it did change. GUERKINK: You talk about your deep spirituality and you talk about suggesting books to read for your parents to sort of balance your faith and your identity was that a struggle to get to get to a good place and was it a struggle to get to that point? FISK: I am in a fantastic point. GUERKINK: You seemed like it. FISK: It took me a long time and i struggle tremendously and I struggled for many years with it. Initially after I came out other than my family or she needs therapy. I, myself, put a lot of pressure to change. I did not really know what being gay meant. I was 16 I had like boyfriends but they were not sexually active. It's all for show then usually or it was when i was a teenager. Just, having my first girlfriend we were very much in love and it was about loving each other and then of course sexual discovery and we would back and forth, breaking up, getting back together, and then we have to fight our urges and still be best friends. Of course it doesn't work out like that. GUERKINK: How long was the back and forth? FISK: It was at least a year. It was quite a bit of time. And then she went to the same church that I had started going to, Bella Vista. I told her, "why are you following me? we're supposed to be separate and not do this." And then [Laughter] I got involved with the youth group there and made some friends. Disclosed to my small group that i was struggling, "my struggle" we'd pray about it and things and then I had like this, its' so weird to think about it know being so far removed from it part of myself and that community but, I went with the youth group leader and this other women and this interpreter and she went through this booklet called, "Breaking the Bondage" it like a 12 step literal; I used to have it before I-I think I burned it. You walk through this steps where you disclose stuff and it's kinda weird, they have get rid of the demonic spirits living inside of you. After I did that, it was supposed to be cured and obviously it didn't work so I kind of stopped being as active and became really angry with my first girlfriend and she was following me there, so I was like, "well I'm m not going to go there." So I started getting involved in other things teenagers do. Started to party and began to ignore my spiritual part. I remember one night, and that was when I moved out, I lived in what we called the, "drug house" in Cedar with my older friend. He got married and then his wife left him after that. We know now that he had schizophrenia, we didn't' know that at the time. So we had this little house and a bunch of us lived there and it wasn't terrible but it was bad. Everyone was like always smoking weed and I didn't really Page 4 �smoke... Andrew/JOHNSON: You did not have to, you probably had a contact high. FISK: That what I liked about it, just watch Pokeman and get super high or like, "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas." so I was living there and like a bunch of people and partying going on and I was like I don't wanna be here. So it was Thursday night and I was like, "oh, I'll go check out the youth group." It was kind of a large crowd there and you could stand in the back and blend in-or so I thought. I was standing in the back hanging out just, "strugglin'" and the youth leader, what was her name? Denise, oh by the way she works, I believe, at Mar's hill last time I checked, just an FYI. I like to call people out when I can cuz she a pretty horrible person. So, she pulls me aside, randomly found me, I was there for like 3 minutes and she taps me and starts to talk to me. So, she pulls me in this room and sits me down. All of the sudden my small group leader's there and someone else and her were like sitting around the table and I'm like, "what is going on" and she was like basically, "the pain you made us go through and all of this stuff and you put us through this stuff and your not changing and you obliviously don't have the desire to change and your negatively impacting the youth group." I was like, "First of all, I haven't been here for a while and second I'm not that important like not many people know me because I've not been there for a while." She says, "I'm not welcomed to any youth group events." I could still go to the big people church, and I was like, well, now way because no kid wants to go to that. And I was like so floored. Totally unexpected, caught off guard. I came there for refuse seeking refuge and they literally kicked me out. I mean I had to leave, they watched me leave. I got in my car and that was like as close I've ever come to just like killing myself quite frankly. It was, it highly impacted my emotional state. obviously I didn't. Andrew/Zak/BRASETH: Thankfully FISK: I just went back and to the party house and just sat there and whatever. So ya that was pivotal and then after that i didn't go to church anymore. I didn't seek fellowship with other Christians or anything kind of started to really--and I'm almost thankful for that moment because it really made me seek my own answers. JOHNSON: I'm sure you're really mad at God at this point. FISK: I was very much so like why? JOHNSON: Exactly you went back to this church to find refuge and find support and the one place you thought you'd go you saw the opposite. FISK: Yah, I was rejected and at that point I still believed in a Christian God and Jesus Christ, he's my Savior and all the principles I grew up with. But I was like I need to start doing this myself and really find the answers and forget what everyone else says... ANDREW, JOHNSON: Mhhm right FISK: But I’m like wow I need to start doing this myself and really finding these answers for myself and stop just listening to what everyone else says because that is quite ramped in the Pentecostal church to just listen to what the pastor says, and just go along with that. So I just started reading books, I found a book by Mel white, he used to write speeches and ghost write for people like Jerry Fawell actually, and Page 5 �pat Robertson and even- he’s a gay man, even after he came out he did write a couple of things for not jerry but I think maybe pat after he was out as a gay man, he's a reverend, he started a group called Soulforce, and they actually came to west Michigan a while ago, they are a non violent, direct action against spiritual violence against the LGBT community, he was like my hero for a very long time I read his book but I can’t remember the name, but it was very inspirational, and it sort of helped me to kind of look at things differently, what is this interpretation, what does this mean, obviously levitical code is all outdated it’s all old testament, so I going through the new testament, what does Paul mean, Corinthians, Romans I think people are surprised when people find out that I have a lot of knowledge about the bible and things JOHNSON: right FISK: because I don’t just readily go talking about it, so I kind of went through that phase, and then I started to get very angry with my parents and that’s when I was like I didn’t know if could talk to them, they are not listening to me they are totally rejecting me, even though they say they love me, and I can come over when ever I want, or hang out, it’s the principal of it JOHNSON: right FISK: so I went through that for quite some time, I tried not be gay a couple of times. During that time also, JOHNSON: what do you mean by that FISK: well, I tried – I know try not to be gay – [Laughter] GUERKINK: so far FISK: I was quite gay still [Laughter] but uh, trying to have a boyfriend and seeing if I could lead heterosexual life with a man. Zak right FISK: that didn’t JOHNSON: how did that make you feel when you tried to fight these – FISK: it, (exhales) it causes so much turmoil, having internalized homophobia is like talk about having a demon inside you, like having this turmoil GUERKINK: you need that 12 step program FISK: all the time, yeah, I mean just constant axiety, and rejection of your true self and covering it up, and playing roles because what they tell you, men and women have these roles, so you sort of try to be this role JOHNSON: try to make yourself fit in FISK: right, and just maybe dress more feminine, the shit the American family association tells you to do. Page 6 �JOHNSON: nuclear family, 2.3 children GUERKINK: yeah, the “bob” and a dress FISK: yeah and that lasted about 2 seconds and I was like JOHNSON: no way FISK: First of all this guy who was trying to like date was a complete asshole All: [Laughing] FISK: So and I actually knew him from Bellavista, and we like met somewhere at like Mars Hill or something. Cause I went to Mars hill for like 2.2 seconds. JOHNSON: A hot second GUERKINK: [Laughing] FISK: And actually I believe they are moving towards being an affirming church anyway, even though the Devo’s go there, or did, anyway, that’s a side note JOHNSON: Yeah, I read the Time article about Rob Bliss, he is very interesting FISK: Yeah, yeah he is, anyway I went there for like a hot second and I saw this guy and I was was like “oh this must be like divine intervention” [Laughter]. And so we like, we went to this Joyce Meyer conference together. And GUERKINK: Sighs JOHNSON: Who is Joyce Meyers? FISK: She a televangelist, basically, huge, huge, like worldwide following, and she’s a pretty funny lady, she’s southern, she has an accent, she has funny stories, and she’s really like quirky and people like her. She talks about abuse a lot so a lot of people can relate to her or something, or like overcoming an obstacle. And there was and I still really liked worship music, just because I still like music in general JOHNSON: Its good music FISK: Ah, the group from Australia, ah, can’t think of it know, anyway this woman Darlene Check, who wrote “Shout to The Lord” big in the 90’s, her group, her worship group was there and that was the only reason I wanted to go. So I was like oh sweet concert. GUERKINK: [Laughs] JOHNSON: [Laughs] FISK: Anyway and him and I went and by the end of that trip I was like “eff you, you suck”. JOHNSON: [Laughing] Wow Page 7 �GUERKINK: [Laughing] FISK: It was my birthday too. And he was just a complete asshole GUERKINK: Oh, awesome. JOHNSON: Sweet FISK: And then we had a conversation in my living room and he, well somehow we were kind of talking about sex, and he was like “oh yeah, well if you didn’t want to I would expect something else ya know”. And I was like well that ain’t happening. So see ya JOHNSON: Hooooo! sounds like a nice fellow FISK: Yeah he’s a great guy, great Christian guy GUERKINK: Yeah he sounds solid, not to judge your character. All: [Laughing] FISK: Anyway I didn’t have sex with him, he didn’t get what he was going for. Eventually I found out that [sex] was basically his motive. GUERKINK: Wow FISK: And after all that happened, I was like ok, I’m seriously super gay here All:[Laughing] FISK: Let’s just like get on with it, then I really started to go into the acceptance process I think JOHNSON: How long did that take, you came out when you were 16? FISK: Right JOHNSON: And you went through out these pretty formative years that were like, “maybe I’m not gay, maybe I can try and not be gay, but well no I am gay”. So what type of span in years are we talking to you finally saying “I’m gay, I love it, and I’m gonna go with it”? FISK: Let’s see (long pause), probably until maybe I was 23? I think JOHNSON: Took a while FISK: So quite a while, of back and forth JOHNSON: So 7 years GUERKINK: It’s not that long. Page 8 �FISK: Yeah it’s, yeah, having dysfunctional relationships because of it and that after I started really having meaningful, functional, long lasting relationships after that as well. JOHNSON: Great BRASETH: Could you tell me a little bit more about your childhood, just not specifically anything, but just general things you would like to talk about. FISK: Yeah, let’s see, well I grew up in a rural area, I loved where I lived it was a small town in the 80’s and you could run up to the party store, I would just run over there. You could run around without having fearing that something is going to happen to you. Ride your bikes all over town and go places. I really enjoyed my childhood and my friends. And then we moved to Grand Rapids for about a year and a half when I was in like third grade and fourth grade? I did not do well at all. JOHNSON: No? Big change FISK: Not at all, I became like severely depressed, missed like tons of school, they couldn’t figure out what was wrong with me, like my stomach hurt all the time. And eventually they took me to a psychiatrist or something and tried to give me medication but I would, I didn’t really eat that much so I would just like throw it up because it would upset my stomach. Apparently I found out later that my parents were having a really rough time as well, in their marriage. So like all this horrible shit happened when we moved to Grand Rapids so promptly moved back GUERKINK: [Laughing] JOHNSON: [Laughing] FISK: But we moved like out in the country as opposed to moving in town and I was like “oh this is great I’m going to be better here this is a great place”. And so, I had a fantastic time at that house it was a like an old school house JOHNSON: Cool FISK: We had friends that had horses JOHNSON: Nice FISK: It was a really good experience; I think my childhood for the most part. BRASETH: Could you tell me more about your family, not necessarily your parents but siblings anyone else you were close to. FISK: Yeah, I’m the youngest of 4. GUERKINK: hmph (sigh) FISK: My sister is like 11 or 12 years older than I am and then my brother Jeremy is a year younger than her. And then my brother Elijah and I are 3 years apart. so the dynamics were kind of weird. JOHNSON: Two and two Page 9 �FISK: My sister got stuck babysitting us a lot which she apparently resented JOHNSON: Mhmm FISK: Which she hated, she, she was quite rebellious, and got pregnant when she was 15 and had her first child when she was 16 and I was like 5 so my niece and I are like 5 years apart which kind of cool JOHNSON: That’s crazy FISK: Because I never had a younger sibling JOHNSON: Yeah that’s awesome FISK: Yeah well she ended up marrying the man of that child and he was extremely abusive to her so, they had another child, a few years later or something and she basically lived through hell and finally when he nearly choked her to death she finally left him JOHNSON: Thank God! FISK: Yeah and she came to live with us after that, her and this kids which was great, I loved it I loved having my niece and nephew around and I would babysit them, I was babysitting them when I was like 9 JOHNSON: Wow your grew up fast FISK: We were all very close, so they lived with us and that was great, especially because my dad worked third shift and my mom was always quite lonely so she, we just loved it. So it was my sister her to children, myself and my brother Elijah who was in high school at the time and my parents that lived in the house. My brother was signed up to go to the all night like basketball thing at the youth group JOHNSON: Like a lock in FISK: Yeah, a lock in and my sister volunteered to take him, it was like 10 or 11 at night, to go meet up with his friends and it was around Christmas time, she was going to bring him and come back and then we were all going to wrap like presents so my mom and I were getting the little kids in bed and are like popping popcorn. And all the sudden we get a phone call. Apparently on their way, they drove, or like a truck with those big headlights on top of it GUERKINK: Mhmm FISK: Had the headlights on and she was like messing with the radio and when she looked up she was blinded and spun off into the ditch and hit a tree. Luckily she like flew out of the door. It was a sweet car, it was beautiful 89 Monte Carlo, it was burgundy it was beautiful, and so like the big door flew open, and like some how she flew out. My brother like braced himself by doing this (acted out how her brother had braced for impact) and it impacted a tree on her side and it was completely crushed in. and he was like somehow safe, except he was like cut up really bad and his shoes came off for some reason All: [Laughs] FISK: He always remembers that he’s like “I didn’t have any shoes on and it was like winter” Page 10 �All:[Laughs] FISK: And they were in this swamp area, and so got out of the car and he could hear her like moaning and he’s like “oh, stay here” he was all bloody and he said “stay here I’ll go and get help” and the nearest house was probably a quarter mile away. JOHNSON: Oh my gosh FISK: So all this is going on, somebody, I don’t know, he eventually found some a woman’s house and knocked on her door and they called my mom and called the ambulance and everything and so my mom was just like “oh my god oh my god” and I was like what’s happening? JOHNSON: Right FISK: And I was in like 5th grade or something and she just like threw some clothes on and got in my older brothers, his, one of his cars was there for some reason even though he didn’t live there she didn’t really know how to drive it, but she like was smashing gears All: [Laughs] FISK: Like got to the site around the same time the volunteer fire people, because the nearest ambulance is like forever away JOHNSON: Right FISK: And some I’m just like there with the children and she like “I’ll call you or whatever” and there were no cell phones. My sister had broken her neck completely; it was like side by side and thankfully my brother didn’t touch her or move her when she was on the ground because that probably would have killed her. So she was in critical care for some time they had to like put her head in traction, bring it up set back on her neck JOHNSON: Like the halo FISK: Fuse it, yeah, and her spine was swollen but there was on spinal damage. GUERKINK: That’s good. FISK: Like I don’t know how she survived that. JOHNSON: Yeah, grace of god. FISK: Yeah and her lungs, her lung was punctured and stuff, she was on the verge of dying for quite some time. So that was pretty traatic for everyone. And I admire her so much now, and she went through another horrible relationship and divorce it wasn’t physical abuse but it was every other kind. JOHNSON: Yeah FISK: And she got out of that relationship and has been single ever since, we’ve actually grown quite close we would go to her son’s, my nephew’s football games together, we are pretty close now, and I’m close with both her children they are like my siblings. That is her story Page 11 �JOHNSON: She can walk and everything. FISK: Oh yeah, she is fine. JOHNSON: Oh my gosh FISK: She just has like a big scar, and she kind of turns like her whole body [Laughing] JOHNSON: Right FISK: We kind of make fun of her for it. JOHNSON: That’s unbelievable. FISK: Yeah she’s amazing, the fact that she is still living without having had any counseling or anything you know what I mean, and has just gotten through life in general so yeah, she’s, I admire her a lot, and then my other siblings, Jeremy married his high school sweet heart, and they have a two kids, he’s a mechanic. And Elijah got married when he was younger they have like 4 kids, they all actually live by each other GUERKINK: That’s cute FISK: Yeah like in a cul-de-sac, Jeremy lives a few miles away but both Kelly and Elijah and my parents live in like a cul-de-sac GUERKINK: [Laughing] JOHNSON: [Laughing] FISK: We call it the Fisk commune. GUERKINK: [Laughs] JOHNSON: [Laughs] That’s awesome! FISK: Yeah, Elijah, I don’t have anything big about Jeremy he’s cool, he’s whatever. GUERKINK: [Laughs] JOHNSON: Right FISK: Elijah has had the most trouble with, and has been the most vocal about my being gay. GUERKINK: Uh huh JOHNSON: Okay FISK: And he has condemned me, he has said he has felt uncomfortable with me around his children which I promptly said a big “eff you” and Page 12 �JOHNSON: Right FISK: You better not say that to me every again, like you… JOHNSON: Like you’re going to turn them gay or something? FISK: Right yeah, I don’t know what I’m like, what do you even mean JOHNSON: Sigh FISK: That doesn’t even make any sense. JOHNSON: No it doesn’t, there is nothing there FISK: And my dad was even like “what do you mean, what the hell are you talking about” GUERKINK: [Laughs] JOHNSON: Right FISK: Him and I don’t really speak, we haven’t for quite some years JOHNSON: Really? FISK: Even since he said that basically which was, man I don’t know, maybe 5 years ago JOHNSON: Really, so 5 years? FISK: We just say “hi” and “bye” GUERKINK: The only one in your family that’s like that FISK: Yeah nobody well, most of us can’t stand him too much, because he has a big mouth JOHNSON: Ah, I know the feeling FISK: He just says things without thinking JOHNSON: Yeah that one too FISK: He is very self righteous JOHNSON: Yeah I know the type FISK: Yeah, you can’t even do anything with him JOHNSON: You can’t crack the shell at all, not, there is nothing FISK: You can’t reason with him Page 13 �JOHNSON: No FISK: You can’t, they just like to get a rise out of you JOHNSON: yeah, it’s difficult I’m sure, because he is your brother. FISK: Right JOHNSON: Your closest sibling too so… FISK: Right, he always hated me growing up though JOHNSON: Yeah? FISK: He really despised me [Laughs] I really never knew why. JOHNSON: Because you’re the baby, that’s why, because you’re the youngest. FISK: Yeah JOHNSON: You got everything FISK: Well he did though JOHNSON: [Laughs] GUERKINK: [Laughs] FISK: That’s why I’m so confused, my mom seriously, he is the baby. JOHNSON: [Laughs] GUERKINK: [Laughs] FISK: My mom babied the shit out of him. JOHNSON: [Laughs] GUERKINK: [Laughs] FISK: Serious, my mom still does so… JOHNSON: Yeah FISK: He’s just odd, he pisses my sister off on a regular basis so… GUERKINK: Hmm, great FISK: Yeah Page 14 �GUERKINK: Was it just always like that though, all throughout your childhood, just back and forth back and forth FISK: He was always like beating up on me, and I was like a really small kid and we would kind of play together when we were younger, or whatever and then he started to just like not ever want to do anything with me and the most interaction we had when I was a teenager is he would like drive us to school, and he was always crashing cars JOHNSON: [Laughs] GUERKINK: [Laughs] FISK: We were in an accident together once, he’s had a lot of accidents. JOHNSON: Yeah FISK: Yeah we didn’t really interact, I tried to live with him, because it was closer to where I was working, him and his wife and their first child, and that lasted about 2 months. GUERKINK: Super successful there FISK: Yeah, yeah, that’s when he was still drinking, like he is not allowed to drink per his wife because he turns into even more of an asshole GUERKINK: If you can imagine FISK: So yeah, yeah he, he JOHNSON: A lot working there, a lot working there FISK: Yeah I remember one time he said, he was drinking and I don’t know we were playing games or something and he’s like “yeah, well I know how lesbians have sex, I figured it out”. I’m like “oh did you? You’re a creep shut up.” JOHNSON: Sighs, right GUERKINK: Sighs FISK: I’m like “why are you thinking about that” JOHNSON: Yeah. FISK: “Your sister is a lesbian that’s a little weird.” JOHNSON: Yeah, yeah GUERKINK: That’s a little messed up, kind of gross FISK: And don’t say that to me and don’t ask me questions Page 15 �JOHNSON: Yeah, yeah, right, right GUERKINK: So you guys, I forget how old, older is he from you? FISK: 3 years. GUERKINK: 3 years, so you guys didn’t really go to high school much with him, I’m assuming? FISK: No, actually he, we were both born in October, he started school when he was 4 and I started when I was 5, so I was in 8th grade when he was a senior. GUERKINK: Okay. FISK: So he graduated when he was like 17. GUERKINK: So in high school you were just all by yourself no siblings? FISK: I was, yeah well I dropped out the beginning for my junior year. GUERKINK: Ok FISK: I was very active in softball and basketball most of my life, I very much excelled at softball and probably could have gotten a… JOHNSON: Scholarship FISK: Like a full ride scholarship had I completed high school, our teams always went to like district regional’s and all that. GUERKINK: Sneezes ZAK/FISK: Bless you! FISK: So, but that still, that alone wasn’t enough incentive for me to stay especially after I came out. JOHNSON: Did you go back to get your… FISK: Yeah I went back and got my GED when I was like 19, (burps) excuse me, then started at [GR] CC for several years, then I came to Grand Valley and finished up. END OF INTERVIEW Page 16 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bc6b402cfe8fffdb9cc146da00bd4013.mp3 7d39dfa444bb5e664e7282a445b76403 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Civil rights--Michigan--History Personal narratives Oral histories African Americans--Personal narratives Gays--Personal narratives Lesbians--Personal narratives Bisexual people--Personal narratives Transgender people--Personal narratives Veterans--Personal narratives Women--Personal narratives People with disabilities--Personal narratives Muslims--United States--Personal narratives Hispanic Americans--Personal narratives Homophobia Discrimination Islamophobia Stereotypes (Social psychology)--Upper Penninsula (Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history recordings documenting the history of civil rights and social justice advocacy in Western Michigan. The collection was created by faculty and students as a project of the LIB 201 (formerly US 201): "Diversity in the U.S." course from 2011-2012. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Brooks College of Interdisciplinary Studies Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral History Project (GV248-01) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-05-02 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV248-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1930-2011 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV248-01_Fisk_Anna Title A name given to the resource Anna Fisk audio interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fisk, Anna Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson, Zak Guerkink, Andrew Braseth, Peter Description An account of the resource Anna Fisk was born and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She is an advocate and activist. She discusses growing up being lesbian in a Christian household. Subject The topic of the resource Civil rights--Michigan--History Lesbians--Personal narratives Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Relation A related resource Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral History Project Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-02-26 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/38ba2e0a5930a9772f09beaadc728b78.mp3 defe30c84d17c3b7a926a6098595e49e https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8e158f15afa2232df817176112e88ffa.pdf 4048f04b0b892e81afe14f2c2ac7221a PDF Text Text Anne Corlett interviewed by Sharon Bower June 4, 2018 SB: Hi, this is Sharon Bower and we're interviewing Anne Corlett. Anne, tell me, when was the first time you came to Saugatuck? AC: Probably as a baby, because my grandparents came as children separately. And then my father grew up coming every summer and my grandparents owned a big old farmhouse. So, we would come every summer from long before I was born. SB: When’s the first, what’s the first memory? AC: I was born in 60, I would say probably. I remember Easters. I know it's not summer, but we would come up for Easter. My grandparents would put on a big Easter weekend. We'd all fit. They had four children. They were 14 grandchildren. We all fit in that big farmhouse. And I remember walking on the frozen lake and, you know, Easter egg hunts and that. AC: But the summer, you know, they're all summers blended together. As you know, most of the days are on the beach. I probably I remember. I remember my sixth birthday. That might be one of the earliest. That's August 1st. McVeigh's Store was down... So we're on Lake Shore Drive, about a quarter mile north of Center Street. And McVeigh's Store was just that much further down. And I was old enough to walk by myself. And back then they had a post office. So, on my sixth birthday, I went to see if I got any mail, which I didn't. But I always kind of found some change around, you know, a nickel or a quarter or some pennies. And so, there was penny candy. So, it's always worth. That's a big memory. But all those beach days all meld together. SB: And, what do you remember about the area so much? I mean, was it just the water, the beach, the shops? I mean, it's changed a lot now. AC: Oh, we almost never we almost never went downtown sometimes maybe for ice cream at Around the Corner. I think that was there. That... what's now Kilwin's was a big store that sold like fabric and thread. I'm sure it sold a lot more. But as a little kid, I'd go with my older sisters who were loved to sew and we'd go to that big, huge building on that corner of. It's like kitty corner from the. From the ... SB: Drug store? AC: Yes, we are all.... SB: The drug store, wasn't there? AC: No, it was there. I just don't remember it being much of anything. SB: Did you go to church at any of the churches here? AC: No, no. I'm a pagan. [Laughs] �SB: Grandma? Family. AC: My grandmother. No. I don't remember them going to church. But. But I do. I'll tell you what. The Chain Ferry was a big event and I had older cousins and we would walk across the golf course, West Shore. It would take a long time, walk to The Chain Ferry and get into town that way. That was a whole day activity. And back then, right at the Chain Ferry where Wick's Park is now, there was a putt-putt course and I loved it. So, you know, you'd save up your money. You go with your older cousins, take the Chain Ferry, play putt-putt, get ice cream and go home. SB: What age do you think I was? AC: Probably anywhere between ten and fifteen. Sixteen. SB: So, what years? AC: So, that would be 1970-76, I would say. Yeah. So, downtown was pretty sleepy. If it was a beautiful beach day, nobody was downtown and we were lucky. AC: We had our own beach so we would walk down. You know, big memory is just going to the beach and spending most of the day, like I would wake up, put on my bathing suit, have breakfast and go to the beach and spend all day come up, you know, climb trees, find cousins, because by then we had several houses and so different cousins would come. My grandparents built one. Sold it. Bought this big old farmhouse. That's before I was born. CAPTA bought a different house. My grandmother's parents had built a house across the street. Those are all still in our family now. So now we're fourth. Well, I would be third generation, but we all have kids. So, there's four generations that are using that still, same property. SB: Where were you grandparents from? AC: Super cool. They're both from Oak Park, Illinois. They used to take the steam steamship across in the summer. My grandfather would come and camp on the property that my grandmother's parents eventually bought and built on. And that property was super cheap. I bet they well, relative to other property of the time because he couldn't grow anything on it. It was right on the beach. Nobody wanted. Isn't it crazy? And so that was probably in 1910, or something that they bought it. That was right across it. We still own it. It's still in my greater family as I said. 5:04 AC: Now there's 14 owners of because it's my generation. SB: And where were you living at the time? �AC: We were also a suburb of Chicago, River Forest. Well, my grandparents were River Forest too. And I say, Oak Park over. We would drive over. Mom would fill this station wagon. We'd pack in. She was very relaxed. There were six of us. We'd pack in pillowcases and our pillowcase would be our pillow for the ride up. I don't remember because 196 wasn't built then. At a certain point, you'd be driving probably what's now Blue Star. And you'd see as soon as you saw sand dunes, you'd be like, "Ugh, really close." But it would still be 40 minutes. There's probably like a four hour drive or more from Chicago. SB: Did your cottage have indoor plumbing? AC: Yes. Not when they bought it. They bought it. It used to be like a B&B, which back then. What's it called? Boarding house. When they bought it, it had an outhouse. They changed that into like an ice shed. And then they tried to run it as a boarding house. So, they made a his and hers bathroom out of one of the bedrooms, which were still there until the farmhouse, which is what we call it, had a big fire in the 90s. And then we had to remodel, which was nice. But anyway, but yes, there was indoor plumbing in this, you know, by the 60s for sure. SB: And what did you do in the evenings? AC: Games, cards, Scrabble. So, because cousins were often around, my sisters are enough older where I didn't really hang out. But I would go to my cousin's cottage or we'd drift around. So, my parents felt like it was super safe, and it was. And so, we'd drift, you know, from at least the age of 12, I could drift in the evening even and go see what the other Corletts were doing. And they might be playing charades or some other game, multigenerational games all the time. AC: Occasionally, and then every once in a while, my mom, who was a big party giver, would have like about once a year she'd have an art auction and she'd invite anyone who wanted to come in the neighborhood. And it was for dinner and your ticket to dinner was a piece of art you made. And usually, you know, it's all ages. So, it just be anything. It was a clothesline art show and then they'd had that hung clothesline in the dining room. They'd hang them all up and she'd make a big part of chili or something. And then we'd have an art auction, a penny auction at night. You know, that was great. SB: Did you contribute art? AC: Always, sure. I've always done. Ah, I'm a painter. SB: I know you were. What ways did you start? AC: Well, I would. Oh, well, we were always doing projects and stuff. I don't think I took art seriously probably until high school, till I was 15, maybe. SB: Did you paint while you were here during the summer? AC: Not till college. Not until... which is still the 70s. I went to college in 78. So yeah, I would watercolor all the time. My grandmother, that's Helen Corlett, was a water colorist. She used to �go to Oxbow all the time. Occasionally, I think probably twice in my life, I took a class at Oxbow as a young person, younger than teenager, like eight or nine, once or twice, maybe 10. SB: What was Oxbow like then? AC: Oh, it's just really just like a quiet, sleepy little, you know, that old fart, you know, the old Singapore hotel or whatever that is that, of course, that was there with its cricketing floor. So that hasn't changed. And they had little workshops and those little buildings. I think I did ceramic. I do remember doing ceramics one time. I was pretty young, though. I don't remember a whole lot. You know, it wasn't till I was an adult where till I took another class in 2000. SB: But you had to drive up there now? AC: Yes. Yes, we drove. So, my grandparents used to sail here. We always drove. We would come because it was my grandparents’ house. We we'd get three weeks in the summer, so we'd come for three full weeks. My dad would come up on the weekends and then right around when I was in high school, so in the mid 70s, maybe even early 70s, my grandpa bought another house and things happened so that we could be up there longer. And they moved to this little cottage behind that eventually became my mom's. AC: So, we would have three full weeks. It was just heaven. And then later we'd have most of the summer come up. Venetian Night was the height of every summer. AC: Oh, when I was another birthday memory and I might have been turning six. And my mom. I might have been five though, because I remember my sister gave me a purse full of candy. Best present ever. But that year we had all my cousins, different cousins on my mom's side who would go to South Haven in the summer. Just totally a different nut, you know, and my mom's side anyway. 10:06 AC: And they all came for my birthday party. And then mom said, "Honey, I've arranged some fireworks for your birthday." And it was Venetian Night, because my birthday was so close. She just pretended that was my birthday. So, of course, that's why I think I have a real healthy selfconfidence. SB: You thought the fireworks were for you? AC: Yes, I did. I really did, so I had to be only like five. AC: But we would go to the yacht club. My grandfather Corlett, Webster, was one of the very first members there. SB: And it’s the same location? �AC: Same location. You know, recently it's been built up, but it was just like this sleepy little cottage. It was great. And we would just go, you know, we'd lined the docks to watch the fireworks. It's huge. Back then, there was not a Fourth of July fireworks, much less, you know, New Year's Eve. It was just a Venetian Night and the parade of boats. You know, as a kid, I would hear while my parents were having. AC: So, the big thing is on the weekends during the week, there was no schedule. We floated around the house. It was just great on the weekends, a little more of a schedule because my dad was in town and there was always a major cocktail hour. And the kids. You know, I don't know what I did except listen to the dirty jokes. as they kind of got a little buzzed. AC: You know, all the stories on there were always stories like of like of the wild downtown, especially in Venetian Night. You know, we were supposed to stay away because the bikers were coming in town. And I do remember motorcycle, you know, tons of motorcycles parked in front of The Sandbar. SB: But you didn't go downtown? AC: I… Not... Not when... SB: Bikers? AC: No, no. I mean, not really. I couldn't. I was too young. You know, if we're talking 60s and 70s. By the 70s, I suppose I... but I didn't really spend... You know, evenings in the summer, we would go to the beach. And when I was old enough, go to beach fires. And back then, you kind of you could have a beach fire, or you could just look either way down the beach and say, "Huh? Are they having a beach fire there? Is there one in Shorewood, you know." Then we walked out. AC: Are we covering all the questions? Now, I know you're doing great. SB: You're fine, fine. AC: OK. All right. So, when I got older, so I was so like I would say by 73, when I was 13, I also was friends with other people on the lakeshore, the O'Donnells, or, you know, like 10 kids, the two oldest were my age. Chris O'Donnell, you know, the actor, one of them, but he was a baby then. The Quirks were across the street. There were you know, so there were all these people. We kind of had a gang my age that did the whole beach fire circuit. AC: So, you'd if maybe we would have it on my beach. It was usually my older cousins who would do it, or you'd walk down there might be one five houses down. There might be, north of us is Shorewood. That was always a huge gang. Some of those people became lifelong friends and, you know, like Tag Werneck, lifelong friend from beach fires. There's something about it. And so, we'd go down and there was always beer, but... SB: So, someone would build a fire on the beach? �AC: Yes. And I remember foraging for wood on the beach for beach fires people and bring logs down from their house. There was wood or you'd pick the dry beach grass and you'd you know, that was a big adventure. You learn to go to the bathroom in the beach grass, really young because you don't wanna go back up to the house. SB: All the way up there? AC: Yeah. SB: Because it was a hill, right? AC: Yes. Lots of steps. SB: Yep. AC: So, evenings were pretty much fun. And there was beer. You know, I was pretty careful till about well, maybe when I was 15, maybe 16. I'd have one beer, whatever. I got caught once and a lot of trouble. I was grounded for two weeks in the summer. SB: Your parents caught you? AC: Yeah. I came in and my mom's like… You I actually I had snuck out and it came back and she came up to my bed and I was like pretending I was asleep. She's like, "This is your ticket back to River Forest." But I knew she was faking. She didn't want to go back. But I was grounded for two weeks. SB: And it was that mean you had to stay in the house? AC: I couldn't go out at night. So, my friends, my cousins, they come by, they report. They go out. They come back. They report. It was kind of fun, actually. I wouldn't tell my mom that. SB: Did you ever go to Douglas at all? AC: Douglas was... There was a little grocery for a while. You know, I think that was Terry Byrne's father. But that's when I was really young. The Newsstand was always there and the post office. And that's all I remember about Douglas. The library back then, the library was downtown Saugatuck on Butler Street. AC: And one of my mom's really good friends was Bill Allen. He was a newscaster for WOOD TV-8, and they had been family friends, so she'd known him since a kid. 15:00 AC: And he lived. They lived on Campbell Road, which, you know, backs... It was pretty close to us. You could cut across a golf course or whatever. And why did I bring him up? Why did you just ask me about? Oh, no. Oh, no. I thought of the library. He was somebody was instrumental �in getting that library together. So, I think it came together in the 60s because I kind of remember that it was Brandon... SB: Where was it at in Saugatuck? AC: It was on Butler Street, like where... Just down from Landshark's. Like where it is where it is. It later became The Newsstand. I remember when The Newsstand was there. No. Yeah. Right now it's like American Spoon, or something. SB: Yes. AC: Yes. That was a library. SB: A one-story? AC: Yes, just one story. AC: I remember going with my cousin, Steph Higgins. She was a huge reader, four years older, loved her death, followed her everywhere and she went to the library. She took me there once and I had never been. And she knew where every book was. She was such a voracious reader. So, I would go to. And so that was very much fun. But I would go down to her cottage across the street, which was musty, musty, musty. And they had paperbacks like... That was another thing. Tons of reading. And they had paperbacks lining their bookshelves. And she had read every single one, like at least twice. And so, you'd pull out one, you know, it was like a great little secret. AC: Also, they had a huge collection of Archie comics, like they had the biggest. So, we'd sit on the porch and read Archie comics. And, you know, it was you could see the lake from their cottage. So, the breeze would come in. You'd be reaching, reaching Archie comics. SB: Did you like Veronica or Betty? AC: Of course, Betty. Veronica was a bitch and Archie was kind of a dweeb that couldn't like Reggie. Reggie was a jerk. Remember Archie? Wasn't it great? SB: Yes, I do remember them. AC: And then the neighbor next to them on the beach, Debbie Quirk. She was... She had two older sisters. And she she was kind of advanced. She was the first one that got me a beer, you know. And she they had love comics. So, you know, with a big tears, you know. I mean, it's very funny now thinking about like I was like, "Love comics, sort of dicey, you know, compared to Archie." [Chuckles] AC: And then Aunt Peg Higgins', who had been a Corlett who married a Higgins. There's a lot of double marriages in my family. But anyway, two Corletts married two Burmans. Two Corletts married Higgins. Cousins married brothers. �AC: But anyway, Aunt Peg. May she rest in peace. She just died last year. She she was an artist and she had art projects going all the time. So, I would go there and do whatever project they were doing. They were always different, all kinds. We would go we would also go to the beach and a bunch of us would play Star Trek on the beach. I was young, so I had to be the guy with the accent. I couldn't be Spock or, you know, I can't remember his name, not what's supposed to be. SB: How did you play Star Trek? AC: I don't know. We ran around and we'd hide behind Lost Rock and so... Lost Rock, do you know where that is? That's like south of our property. That was a big thing. Walk to Lost Rock and back. You could get you… Sometimes we would dig clay out of the bank there and bring it back and make like clay stuff on the beach. AC: What else? The rock that's at Douglas Public Beach, which we called Buffalo Rock. It's actually a little off of Douglas Public, but we would go there and get washed off by the waves. There was one rock and I found out recently that was way out in the water. But we called it Moby Dick. That was at our beach that we would find every summer. In fact, I would kiss it before I went home. SB: It's still there? AC: Yeah, I just found it not that long ago. We swam and swam and swam. SB: But that that rock was out of the water? AC: It was never out of the water. SB: OK, so you kissed it in the water? AC: Yes. Yeah. Oh, Daddy kissed. Yes. But it was so big. Even you know how the water changes so much. But you could find it every year. My cousins had a giant intertube. We spent hours on that in the water. SB: Then there wasn't any concession stand there or anything like there? AC: No. SB: It was just beach and people's property? AC: Right. Right. SB: Was there Oval Beach there? �AC: Oval Beach. We never... Well, we would walk down and as kids were, you know, the big thing would be walked to the lighthouse and back. And I remember when. We were walking down my cousin Mary and I, but we were 14, so that's being the 74. And we were walk into the lighthouse and back. And we're just walking. And Mary's like, “Anne, Anne, I think I see a naked man swimming." AC: And I'm like, "No, no, no." AC: And she goes, "Yes!" And then we're walking along. And there was a sand sculpture of a penis. [Both laugh] SB: Oh, jeez. AC: So, she's like, "I think that's a penis." AC: I was like, "No, it isn't." She was a year younger than me. She was always freaking out. 20:01 AC: "Come on. I don't think we should go. I don't think we should." And we went and we just kept walking. And most most of the men in there were in the beach grass and stuff. But there were I think there were some naked men swimming, but it was nothing. She was a little more shocked. than I was. AC: We go to the lighthouse, which, you know, isn't really a lighthouse. It's just that thing that's still the same. SB: The big lighthouse wasn't there? AC: Right. I don't know if it's the same, but it was just like a thing on the end of the pier there. And we come back and there was a man taking money. But you could always walk by because it's legal to walk by. But we came back and she told her mom and the police came to talk to us about it. “What'd you see?” AC: Because her mom, her mother was really a prude. She was really freaked out. SB: If you had... Were you cognizant of the gay community being here at all? AC: Not in here at all. Oh, yes. But not… not that whole beach. And and honestly, I can say this, maybe this because I'm an adult and I don't have a problem with anybody doing that, but or being gay or anything else like that. But I don't remember it bothering me, really. At all, because we still would do the whole walk. But Mary, it did freak out, Mary. AC: But I do remember. OK. Back to when we would sit on the front porch, I would sit and listen into, you know, these conversations as the adults. And I had adult sisters who who were married, you know, when I was very young. So, all our weddings, almost all six weddings were �up here in the summer or the spring. Not all of them, but I'd say four out of six at least. I remember the story of my dad and one or two of my brother-in-law's going to The Blue Tempo just to see if it was really gay and it was. SB: Where was the Blue Tempo? AC: The Blue Tempo was... And so that was the big talk. There's a gay bar. The Blue Tempo was... as you come into Saugatuck on I guess it's Culver now. It was on the left on the river. It was kind of you had to kind of go down. There was a sign. Blue Tempo. And I think it was where those were the condos are now. I'm not exactly sure. And so so ever after that, it's like, oh, The Blue Tempo isn't a myth. It really is gay. Now, that story could have been just a story because they were always laughing. But that's the only... SB: It was a wild town in those days, was it not? AC: Very wild. Yeah. That's why we weren't allowed to go in town, especially Venetian weekend. That was like. Up for grabs. Very well. Now, when I was older, I went to college in the fall of 78 in Wisconsin. AC: And then in the summer of 79, I worked at Coral Gables, which is funny because everybody who ever summer-ed here worked at Coral Gables, you know, and I. SB: As a waitress? AC: No. Yes. But it was just in The Galley. The Galley was a breakfast place where The Corner Bar is now, OK. And I worked with... I just talked to this woman who lives here, who grew up here. Maria Dross. Yes. She. She and I worked together there. And she remember the names of everybody. AC: I remember Bob Berger was the manager. Like Mike Johnson, who is older than I am. But he wasn't really in charge. His dad was still alive. And I think his brother was still alive, too. And but Bob Berger was managing and he had kind of come in and sort of scare us, you know, with his big size, a big voice. But Murt made donuts every morning and we'd have Frank Dennison and a couple other guys would come in every morning and have their coffee and donuts. And you just hoped you waited on them because you usually get a really good tip. But, you know, I was just 19. SB: And this was just a part time job or-? AC: This was a summer job in between in college. SB: Every day or just part time? AC: I can't remember. Probably. Yeah. But I mean, it was a breakfast lunch place, so I never. So it was probably part time, yeah. Yeah. My dad never wanted us to work at night downtown in the �restaurants. He's like, absolutely not. But then I got to be friends with the people who worked there. AC: So then even though I was... So, it was legal to drink when you were 18 in Michigan, when I was 18, but when I was 19, it changed to 21. So, I couldn't. But I was used to it because I was in Wisconsin and you could drink. So, my friends who worked there would get me into The Crone stuff. They weren't so tough with ages back then, but sometimes I'd go to a party. The guys who worked there used to live in apartments under what is now The Annex. Occasionally I go to a party there, you know, get in trouble because I come home late smelling like beer. SB: Did you walk home or did you go? AC: I had a bicycle. I rode my bike every day to work. SB: Oh, wow. AC: From the farmhouse to Coral Gables is, you know, four miles. 25:01 AC: Not that much. Five me. Oh, no. Two and a half or three. SB: You have to go down Blue Star, though, right? AC: Yeah. You were down Blue Star. That whole summer, there was a bird that went after my head for the hair, I think, right going over the bridge. Every time it was free, I finally learned to wear a hat because back then, nobody wore helmets. Yeah, so. So, by the time I was a teenager, I was spending time downtown. So, that's in the 70s. SB: And what do you remember about the Saugatuck downtown, then? Was it mostly restaurants, shops? You know, there were some shops. Ice cream stores, or what? AC: The only real, you know, the first like real store was East of the Sun, which was on the corner there, kind of right across from Land Sharks. I forget what's there now. And then across from that was Sue... Oh, you know her. She died young, unfortunately. She was a great golfer. Sue Lewis, Sue and Stubbe Lewis owned East of the Sun. And then they started across the street the like real preppy clothing store, Brigadoon. And those were all those stores. AC: Oh, and The London Shop. Those are the only clothing stores. So do you remember The London Shop? All those old ladies who weren't that old, but they look so old to me. They were the reading glasses on, fancy little stuff, you know, necklace around there. And there were two. In my view, little old ladies, and they had, you know, like really traditional classic clothing. It was called The London Shop, and it was kind of probably where the oh, The Butler isn't there anymore. You know, For the Love of Shoes, where The Butler used to be. It was right in that first block. And we would go there. Mom would drag me there because she wanted to go and only because it wasn't my clothes. It was mostly adults, but they were there a long time and they �were the only. They were the original clothing store in my memory. And then he's then Brigadoon came later. And also, there was a needlework needlepoint shop next to that, I kind of remember. SB: Restaurants? Did you go to any restaurants? AC: Well, The Butler was always there. And same with Coral Gables. But we never went out. But what you want to know where we would go? Oh, The Red Barn. Love The Red Barn. We went as kids. My grandmother went to every show and she would take us as kids out... SB: Now, these were plays they did? AC: Yeah, the plays at The Red Barn. SB: The one that's still there? AC: Yes. SB: By the Belvedere? AC: Yes. And they were top notch. You know, it's they were nearly as good as Mason Street is now because they had someone's gonna know the name of the guy from New York City who brought the New York cast over. And he did. I'll never forget Man of Lamancha. And I think I was about 14, you know, to be like 73 or 4 or 5. And I went twice and it just, you know, drowning in my own tears. It was so good. AC: But those show and there'd be a couple locals. And then Bert Tillstrom, the puppet guy. He always had Saturday afternoon things. We spent a lot of time at The Red Barn. And it was as a treat. If my grandmother took us, we'd go to The Elbowroom first. So that's where that was a restaurant back then. And that's where The Southerner is now. SB: Yes. AC: Yes. Right. It was The Elbowroom. SB: And then it was The Elbowroom again, but long after. AC: But way back in the 70s. Elbowroom. And I always ordered spaghetti because my mom never made noodles. But anyway, so we'd go to that. And I don't think they served alcohol, which so we'd be like if my grandmother took the grandkids, we'd go there and then we'd go to the show. And she always had lifesavers she'd passes and then there'd be an intermission and you'd go to. And that it was the same, of course, old building. It really hasn't changed much. And you go downstairs and they'd serve. Somebody made a cake. And, you know, there was kind of a concession. SB: There wasn't, they didn't have any air conditioner, right? �AC: No, fans. Seems like someone's word as hard as they are. SB: No. No. Because you didn't have... did you have air conditioning in your cottage? AC: No, still don't. This one I don’t get. We spent so much time on the front porch, which wraps around. It makes an L. And this is what always surprises me about new houses. Now that they don't have screened in porches, you know, you see these big, beautiful houses. My opinion, too big, but don't quote me, without a screened in porch. We spent so much time on the porches because that's where you get the breeze. You get wet from the lake. And then you'd sit in the breeze, you know, did a lot of climbing of trees, too, in a wet bathing suit. SB: What have you seen in terms of the changes here? Good and bad. AC: I felt very sad. And I remember my dad was just so sad when the first big condo thing went up. And I feel like the one... SB: Which one was that? AC: Well, I feel like it was the one right as you're first going into Saugatuck. I'm not sure that was the very first, but that was a first really big one. 30:02 AC: Oh, you know, Tara was a place we went to dinner, so that wasn't in Saugatuck, but it was over... Right here on Center and Bluestar. SB: Yes. AC: Yeah. It was up. It's so funny because there's so many condos there now. It was just one restaurant on the top of a hill, you know. And we went there all the time at both my grandmothers. My mom's parents also live. They ended up retiring up here, down by the wash out. Really close to Lake Shore Resort. Anyway, so, both sets of grandparents were around, which was lovely for me. But the The Tara, we went to with some frequency. SB: And your dad was upset about the condo because lost its charm? AC: It just made him sad. Right. It lost its charm. So, I think. And I'm sure there was some Tshirt shops. I don't really remember. I mean, we didn't shop the way people shop. Now, if you needed a pair of flip flops, which actually I don't think they were invented then, anyways. You know, something like that. Oh, we did Mount Baldy all the time. SB: Were there steps up to Mount Baldy? AC: Yes, there were steps. �SB: But at what age would you say this would be? AC: All through the 60s and 70s. We did. We'd go, we'd either we'd walk there, or we'd get driven and dropped off and we'd go up and down and we'd go up the stairs and run down the side, which you can still do. And there used to be a route rope swing on the other side. And I was never big enough to do that by the time it came down. But all my older cousins and siblings did. And then we go up and down and up and down. And then the last time we went up, we'd run down to the Oval and walk home on the beach. So that was great. We also toboggan it in the winter. SB: Oh, wow. AC: Scary. SB: From… From the top? Where Mount Baldy is? AC: From the top. Yeah. The top on Mount Baldy down the back. Actually, I did that with a boyfriend and that would be in 79 or so. Yeah. I'm glad I'm alive. That was something. SB: Do you remember how many steps it was in those days? AC: Well, it was the same steps that were here. You know, they rebuilt these not that long ago. But no, I have no idea. Numbers and I just don't... I can't remember any numbers. SB: Besides the condos, what other changes do you see? That you think were good or bad? AC: Let me just tell you about my family. It's a great story about my grandmother. Her husband, and they weren't married, so she was staying in the house. They ended up buying. They were residents of this boarding house. My grandfather, they were teenagers in like 15. And she told me this story after I got in trouble for sneaking out, which was really sweet. He came, threw stones on her window. They had they had a picnic breakfast. It was like before the sun rose and she snuck out and they went to Mount Baldy and climbed it to watch the sunrise. And there were no stairs then. But that would be like they were probably married in 1915.So that would be before 1912, or something. SB: She had to sneak out, though? AC: She had to sneak out too. So that was nice that she told me. That's true. I don't think they were drinking beer but. OK, let me see. SB: Did you have a boat or anything? AC: Yes, we had a boat. We still have it. It's a 1964 Boston Whaler. So, my grandfather, there was a lot of sailboat racing at the yacht club back then. My dad, my grandfather, my uncle. I never really learned. And I wish I had. I did not spend much time there, but we would go watch them race. And we had this little Boston Whaler. My Uncle Ted, Ted Corlett, did a lot of work �on the docks. You know, it was not fancy the way it is now. And he did a lot of the repair and he was just like. He's an engineer and he just loved to spend time doing it. So anyway, so we we had a really good slip right by the. And we had just a little seventeen and a half foot Boston Whaler. But we would waterski behind it. We waterski on the big lake or in Silver Lake. That hasn't changed really at all. It's funny, though, you go down the river. The houses are so big and fancy and they were just like little fishing shacks. AC: And I remember a lot all those little... Some are the same. SB: You would come from where the the yacht club was? AC: Yes. Down to the big lake. Down the river to... The cove was always a big thing. We would go as kids. We would go as teenagers. There's usually a party there. That whole thing that happens. Venetian weekend happened all the time. Well, not with a barge necessarily, but there are always boats there partying and getting sun. We spend time there too, or we go out in the lake and, you know, jump in the water when it was really hot. Way out there, which we still do. AC: OK. So changes. So the yacht club changing is a big thing, you know. I guess it's for the best. But I. I'm sad about losing the character that used to be there. It was very not fancy, which was lovely anyway. So that all. Same with all the condos. I think it's great. People can enjoy the area, but it's to me, it's lost a lot of that summer cottage thing. 34:58 AC: There's still some of those cottages on Park Street, and I just love them. And I hope that, you know, and I don't I never feel bad if somebody. I mean, I don't I don't disparage somebody putting money into the area. That's fine. But I it is. I miss that old. Like it was a sleepy little town that got a a little crazy in the summer, but it was just a sleepy little town. That was lovely. AC: I would say the Lake Shore hasn't changed a whole bunch, but I'm so lucky that we have a place, and that's remained the same. SB: You know, your grandmother's cotton grandmother's big barn or a farmhouse. AC: Yes, we called the farmhouse. SB: Yes. AC: Yeah. How’re we doing? SB: We’ve got time to talk. AC: OK. How much time to read? SB: An hour. OK. Yeah. And so, what... What other... You did, boating, swimming. You didn't do sailing. �AC: Well, I didn't personally race boats, but other people in my family did. But we did have a Sunfish on the lakeshore, which a lot of people used. I turtled at twice and then bent the mast. So, then I decided I was going to sail it anymore. But my Uncle Ted made surfboards like big heavy, almost like floating rafts. So, we did we'd just play in the water a lot. AC: Oh, I'll tell you another beach thing we did. And these are my creative older sisters. We did sand castings a lot. So, you get Plaster of Paris and a big bucket and then you get the sand wet. My oldest sister, Sue, was a master at it. You take something to make an impression in the sand. Maybe it's your hand. Or maybe it's like she loved to do impressions of, you know, like Mother Mary or I don't know. Stuff she found. And then you pour it. You make plaster with the lake water and you pour it in and let it harden. And then when you flip it out, it's a sand casting and we have him hanging all over. And I had my kids doing when they were a little. So that was a big beach tradition. And artistic. SB: So, you were, were always doing art, doing something artistic always? AC: That was that's how we kept busy. Never had a TV. Never, never had a TV there. Now we do. Which I don't like. But I think the men sort of overrode the new TV because they. Because of sports. SB: What do you think this place was special for you? AC: I mean, the family was there. Connection to family and connection to the lake. And, you know, I am always going to paint the lake. I I am so driven to connect to what what that how it makes me feel to be at the beach. And sometimes when I'm painting, I think all those hours. I mean, we used to lie in the sun and get sunburnt for hours. You know, baby oil or Copper Tone, you know, getting the perfect tan was really important. AC: And so, all those hours I spent on the beach, I did a lot of reading on the beach, too. And we would dig sand, sand castles, make, you know, drip castles. And, you know, there was all kinds of things we did. AC: But anyway, when I paint now, I think, oh, that's what all that time was like, stacking up my bank, like filling me up with all this information that I still need to get out canvas. I think that a lot. That's why I need to paint like the water I painted all the time, or the dunes, or the clouds. I mean, I'm so driven and you think I get tired of it, but I haven't get tired of it. SB: You say it has much changed since those days. AC: Right. Right. The dunes and the clouds. Dune Schooner rides, the same thing. I did him as a kid in the 60s, scared the death, scared me to death. I just took friends on them last year. They're really a lot the same. God bless them for keeping the dune rides. So Mount Baldy, the dune rise. That's all the same. I don't mind. I think it's kind of fun. �AC: The downtown has so many great restaurants. It really does. And it's fun. The bars, the restaurants are great. You know, the shops. I just I don't go to town when it's busy because it's too frustrating. SB: You live here, now. AC: Yes. SB: Now, how did you decide to do that? AC: 30 years now I've lived here. Well, because I married a person who who had a business here. He we met because he was my parents' dentist. So, I was living in Chicago in an art neighborhood, and they were frantic to get me married because I was an old maid, because I was 27. So, they introduced me to him and we hit it off and got married within a year. So, in 88 we got married and I moved here and I'm so happy I did because even though that marriage didn't work out in the long run, it was great. Well, it was great. And we have these wonderful kids, and it was wonderful raising the kids here. 40:02 AC: I loved being… I thought at first, I was afraid a little bit of such a small school system. But it's a stellar system. And you can I was on the school board. You could jump in with both feet and really make a difference. And I think a lot of parents do. I think it's so. So, I've lived for 30 years. So, even in the time I've lived here, it's changed a lot. AC: But especially since the 60s and 70s when I was growing up in the summer here, I think the lakeshore has changed the least, although it's real sad to see Westshore Golf Course gone. And I never really we would go we're right behind the 15th green. We would go in and, you know, put around, you know, goof around out there and we would have lemonade stands out there, made a lot of money, and then we would search for golf balls, sell them back to the golfers, and make a lot of money. I mean, really enough money to go to McVeigh's and buy candy. But the. But other than that golf course, you know, there's some big houses and stuff, but there's still a lot of cottages. And it's lovely. AC: It's so crowded. Like Douglas Beach is so crowded. You know, it's just for parking and stuff. Sort of too bad. But I'm so lucky. I know it doesn't matter to me. I think it's good if people can use it. It's I think that B&Bs are interesting, you know. And now it's AirB&B that that's brought so many more people. But I don't go in. I go into town to do yoga in the morning. I love there's some stores I love, but I don't go downtown in the summer. SB: And how would you compare Saugatuck-Douglas, to other places that you lived? Is it totally different? AC: Yes. SB: A little cocoon or what? How would you describe? �AC: Well, you know, I haven't lived too many other places. SB: You were in Chicago. AC: I was in a neighborhood of Chicago. I grew up in a suburb of Chicago. And then when I went to school in Madison, Wisconsin. But up north, I've spent a fair amount of time in a gallery up like in Harbor Springs. And I have a good friend in Traverse City. I've spent lots of time in Leelanau. I think I think Saugatuck, some of those towns way up north are kind of kind of still feel like Saugatuck used to. There's some big money, but mostly it's just local. I love that the farms are still close Here, you can go. And I love our artisan cheeses and, you know, like our like, Virtue's Cider and Fenne Valley and all these places. SB: And let's not forget Cranes. AC: Cranes. You know, I don't remember going as a kid. SB: You don't. remember it being here? AC: I don't remember it being here. SB: Picking apples? AC: It might have been here but I didn't do it as a kid. I can't. We always went to Pier Cove. We used to always go down there. No, I don't remember. SB: What was Pier Cove? Why did you go to Pier? AC: Just because it's a cool beach. SB: You don't like picking fruit here? Any of that stuff? AC: I didn't. I think my mom had too many kids to marshal around, but I took my kids picking fruit. But that would be in the 90s. Yeah. What else is big? Yeah, we put, you know, I think just hanging out outside, you know. We were talking about I was different from anything. SB: So how is it different from any place else? AC: Well, right now, the fact that it's a small town. Oh, it's very different because it's especially in the off-season, it has that wonderful small town feel where you drive in the gas station and you you wave at the owner, you know. AC: Now, I forgot. McGee, you know, from your car or you you know you know, the whatnot was always there. You know, the people there or whatever you see people, you know, all the time. It's a lovely small town, but it has so much sophistication. So even though sometimes people retired back then, now it's hugely a retirement community. And same with the gay �community, I think has has put roots down. They didn't just back then it was OK. There was a bar or two or whatever, and I don't really know. But now it's it's part of our bigger culture. AC: And I think there's such a wealth right now of of intelligence and experience and the willingness to volunteer. And so, this history center's amazing and our library is amazing. And, you know, our school system's amazing in part because of all the partnerships. You know, Rotary is amazing. I mean, there's just so much going on, I'm sure. And for all the SCA and Oxbow. All those things make it such a rich place to live. I don't think other small communities this size have that kind of, you know, at all. SB: Remember, this interview is going to be saved for a long time. AC: Yes. SB: Maybe 50 years from now. Somebody listens to it. What advice would you have for them or what would you tell them about this time? About this time right now? About your community and others right now? How would you explain it 50 years from now, it's going to be totally different. Probably. 45:06 AC: Well, I love this community and I don't think I ever want to leave. I like it. It's I think it's exciting that it's full of tourists in the summer. And I think it's delightful when it's just the people who live here year-round and some people live here, you know, come some people go away in the winter. That's a little different. I think that's delightful, too, to you know, I think we have a beautiful fabric. AC: We have our school, which is really strong and wonderful. And the and the teachers are amazing and the and the parents are amazing. So, we have her school. We have our businesses there. They're starting to dovetail more and more because some of the business owners like Landshark have their kids in the schools. You know, we have professionals living here and raising their families because now they can work remotely. And that's changed a lot. And I think that's lovely. Lots of people work from their home. And then we have the retired community. Or and or summer people who don't have children here, so maybe the gay community or just people that live here because they love it. It's beautiful and aren't necessarily connected with the schools. But then our connect and put all their energy in the historic society or that or the Center for the Arts or Oxbow or many others. AC: There are many other charitable causes like it just had that thing Paws for a Cause or Cause for a Paws or something, fundraising for the animals wide. I don't know exactly. But anyway, we have a great scholarship foundation and people give to that. There's Aware scholarships. Aware is another... So there's, there's all kinds of partnerships going on and. I think that's maybe one of the most lovely things about this community. AC: And then, of course, you have the lake shore and you just can't beat the beaches. And I hope I hope we always all have access to the beaches because they're amazing. And I think when I �stand and I'm painting or I'm looking out over the lake, I feel like it's timeless, like it's… it's the same as it was one hundred years ago. And it'll be the same in one hundred years. SB: Yeah. AC: Yeah. If it doesn't get polluted because of course they're going to let those oil pipelines through or something worse. SB: Yeah. So. So what advice would you give somebody 50 years from now if they were going to be living here or are thinking of living here? AC: I don't know. I mean, treasure it. Treasure it. It's beautiful. I hope it doesn't get out of the range of a regular person being able to afford to live here, you know, right now I live out of town. So, we raised our kids in town. And then when I became single, I bought a house out of town. And it's, it's not the country, but it's more affordable and still beautiful and still accessible to the town. So, I hope that I hope that that's still people are still able to live here and it doesn't price out. SB: And what's your favorite place to paint here? AC: You know, it's kind of might sound trite, but I love to go to the Oval. I love to go up in the dunes. And you can either look north where it's wilderness and dunes or you can look south on the beach with the people. Right now, I'm doing a whole series of people on the beach paintings. So much fun. So, I guess I still like to go to the beach to paint the most. AC: Dune State Park, there is another amazing resource, amazing resource. I go many days a week with my dog to walk her. So. That's a lovely place to paint and just to be. SB: In the park? AC: In the Dune State Park, I don't know how many acres, it's hundreds and it's mostly wooded. But then it has all those beaches too there. Gorgeous. But you need to be willing to walk a little to get there. SB: I need a compass. AC: You might need a compass. The trails aren't marked very well. SB: I could get lost. AC: You could get lost. Yeah. You have to know where the sun sets. SB: Figure, if I haven't asked you that, can you think of your memories of this town that you just remember standing out? �AC: You know, the docks that are along the river on the Saugatuck side of Lake Kalamazoo. You know, so in front of from the bottler all the way down to Wick's Park, those are pretty much the same. And I remember boats rafting off of each other on holiday weekends, and that just makes me so happy. I love to see it now. All the art fairs, I didn't bring that up. They were around. My grandmother did on the clothesline after she was part of the art club way back. It's still I just became a member. It's hopefully the art club will still be up in 50 years. 50:04 AC: And actually, they do a couple our fairs. And I just said, OK, I'm going to do it because I want to bring locals to it and to participate in and bring it closer to what it used to be, which was local people with their art, not just. And know commercial are people right now, visual artists like say. SB: Right. Right. AC: But the… So, the art club is another great resource. And there's a garden club or two. I don't really know. Anyway, and Oxbow. SB: Have you been back to Oxbow? AC: I love Ox by actually going to teach there the summer. I'm going to teach pastels. They have the art in the meadow classes. So that's not part of their accredited through the Art Institute. That's kind of more for locals. Oxbow’s fabulous. I can't believe how much the same it is. Even though they have new buildings and they've kept the old they've kept the feeling. It's really a wonderful, happy place. AC: You know, in the 60s and 70s, I was sort of a wannabe hippie. And I feel like, you know, your bare feet in the sand and you're wearing a halter top. Everybody else is wearing, you know, little cutoffs. I feel like that's still happening in Oxbow. Oxbow is timeless and that's lovely. And they have all those that Talmage words there. There's amazing art coming out of there. I hope that's still going in 50 years. AC: And if somebody was to here and live here, definitely go and spend time there and support it and get to know at. Because it's amazing and has been here, you know, a really long time. Hundred and fifty years or something. SB: OK for when you were a child and you would be coming up here for the summer? Well, what would be the thing that you would look forward to? AC: So, the whole thing was pure joy. Let me get one side. Pure joy. It was, you know, even the summers I worked or the summers I didn't work. It was just so it was just beautiful and it was safe. You know, it's kind of amazing. My parents just let me go. You were lucky to live in that time. I think so. And have the grandparents with the foresight, too. Yes. Oh, I can't tell you how lucky I am. I think that every day. I think that every day. �SB: Great. Thank you. AC: Well, thank you. It's been really fun and you're really good at that. SB: So glad to have preserved your history. I'm going to use it for people to understand what life was like. And we don't lose those memories. That is very interesting. It's really great. We’re done. Okay, turn that off. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-CorlettA_2018-06-04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Corlett, Anne Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-06-04 Title A name given to the resource Anne Corlett (audio interview and transcript) 2018 Description An account of the resource Anne Corlett describes her experiences as a summer cottage resident during the 60s and 70s. She recounts her experiences of the beaches, her connection to the arts and Oxbow, as well as her various experiences with the LGBT community. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Bower, Sharon (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Gay bars Oral history Audio recordings Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Stories of Summer project, Kutsche Office of Local History. Grand Valley State University Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3c82b5beb6f5142dd523c44602e8e313.jpg 1d9b3f493430b3314f95a6894649def6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1980s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001093 Title A name given to the resource Anne Jacques Description An account of the resource Student Anne Jacques. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7cea8ef82d7bce786ac404830ed7ad61.jpg 355406de5eba9b514b92ad1664049776 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Red-Misc-04 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-07-05 Title A name given to the resource Annie Get Your Gun Description An account of the resource A newspaper article titled "Annie Get Your Gun Opens at Red Barn Theatre." The article describes the plot of the show and its cast. There is also a picture of three performers in their show costumes. The woman is holding a gun, and one of the men is in an Indigenous headdress. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Community theater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0f88ab3355fade091693c75045d3fa98.jpg 7e6fce1338bfb49135c85fc35809fb16 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AnnisRobert_ScientechWinners Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Annis, Robert Description An account of the resource Robert Annis aboard the D.J. Angus with Scientech Winners Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d2a0555ae20a27e7427909c66572243a.pdf 569e1f12a53533ab14b35b5842a4f43b PDF Text Text   An Anniversary Prayer Prayer offered by Richard A. Rhem at the 50th Anniversary Celebration of Glenn and Arlene Yoas December 13, 2013 Oh God, Eternal One, in whom we live and move and have our being, in the midst of this happy celebration we pause consciously to experience and to acknowledge your presence, present to us. We do so naturally at life’s critical junctures, life’s moments awash with meaning – those moments that cause our hearts to sing or to break, our minds to be radiant with light and illumination or numb in somber darkness. We pause; we are still. We are present to you who are present to us – the presence of Mystery in whom and before whom our lives are played out. In the quietness of this moment, we pause to give thanks for the fifty years of life together shared by Glenn and Arlene – for their love and faithfulness, for the richness of their experiences, for the model they are of strength and steadiness, of faith and devotion. We celebrate their years as lovers, partners, friends, and we give you thanks that, as children, grandchildren and friends, we can share these moments with them. Memories wash over us of special times and seasons. The film of fifty years flashes through our minds – times when we laughed until the tears washed over our cheeks; times when the struggle was intense, and the goal far off; times when dreams came true, © Grand Valley State University   �Anniversary Prayer Richard A. Rhem Page 2   and times when dreams were shattered; times when joy burst the soul, and times when grief filled the heart; times of health and strength; times when health seemed threatened and the future put in question. Oh God, we remember with laughter and with tears, and we own it all, the whole long, wonderful, fragile, perilous, beautiful journey. For it is the tapestry of two lives lived well, lived fully, authentically, before your face – a tapestry with entwining threads of all the colors of the rainbow: brighter and more somber tones, light and shadow. And through it all your presence, your faithfulness, even your presence in absence. We give you thanks, O God, for your grace that has enabled them to be all they are, and we seek your benediction upon them as they move beyond this significant landmark. Fill their future years with the richness of harvest, enabling them to savor the fruits of their love and labor. Favor them with good health and even new adventure. Surround them with the loving care of their children, the happy exuberance of their grandchildren, and embrace of the circle of their friends. May your mercy be experienced with every breaking dawn and peace mantle them with every golden sunset. And as they gaze on the grandeur of the night’s starry heaven, may they know themselves enwrapped together in the Mystery of the abyss of your steadfast love. With gratitude we gather around these tables, acknowledging the gifts of bread and wine. And in the midst of this joyous feast, we remember the one who broke bread and poured the cup, and has become for us the Bread of Life, the Wine of New Creation, the one whose birth we celebrate in this beautiful season of Advent and Christmas – Jesus Christ our Lord. © Grand Valley State University � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Event A prayer at the 50th wedding anniversary celebration of the Yoas Location The location of the interview Grand Haven, Michigan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RA-1-20131213 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-12-13 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Title A name given to the resource Anniversary Prayer Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Description An account of the resource Prayer created, delivered, or published by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on December 13, 2013 entitled "Anniversary Prayer ", on the occasion of A prayer at the 50th wedding anniversary celebration of the Yoas, at Grand Haven, Michigan. Tags: Prayer, Anniversary, Life Journey. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Anniversary Life Journey Prayer https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/da7f90e429a1780af019a5393b1af663.jpg c629b5187135e4862f2246f0a35fc5b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection WGVC-TV 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Title A name given to the resource Announcer at WGVC-TV auction fundraiser Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001525 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Announcer at WGVC-TV auction fundraiser, holding "Big Bands of the Swinging Years" record near a jukebox and pledges sign. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges University television stations Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/185ab1996b4dbe188cca3273aca977b9.jpg 72906a80f1916dd30c9094a62bd7de43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection WGVC-TV 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Title A name given to the resource Announcer at WGVC-TV auction fundraiser Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001527 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Announcer at the WGVC-TV auction fundraiser standing next to a pledge sign. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges University television stations Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a72fb59ce71af18c38a95361464c4ab0.jpg 1438cf71b59fad27e1114fbba80b4a9d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection WGVC-TV 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Title A name given to the resource Announcer at WGVC-TV Festival of Favorites! Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001524 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Announcer at WGVC-TV "Festival of Favorites!" standing in the center of participants from City High School. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges University television stations Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/66846850ec9a0876303d6d62b5ae3c14.pdf 298194107906b2483c6b66112a4ee0cb PDF Text Text Author: Pamela Kellogg at FOl Date: 6/8/98 11: 40 AM Priority: Normal BCC: John Adamapaulas, Barb Ada.ms, Forrest Armstrong at POIS, Kathy Bailey, Dan Balfour, James David Ballard, Agnes Baro, William Baum, James Beale, Herb Bellrichard-Perkins, Suzanne Bellrichard-Perkins, David Bernstein, Bruce Bikle, James Blakey, Bryan Bolea, Mary Bower, Jan Brashler, Lawrence Burns, Caroline Cascini, Roy Cole, John Constantelos, Michael Costello, Sue Davis, Mary deYoung, Polly Diven, Cindy Driesenga, Terry Fisk, Dorothy Freeman, Laurie Gasahl, Patti Giuffre, Martha Golensky, Alexandra Gottardo at Internet, Nancy Harper, Edward Haurek, Robert Hendersen, Donna Henderson-King, Eaaron Henderson-King, Tom Herzog, Cindy Hull , Roger Hunt, Richard Jelier, Richard Joanisse,. Brian Johnson, Jacquie Johnson, Curt Jones, Dave Kalinich, Pamela Kellogg, Erika King, Cindy Laug, Dennis Malaret , Mike Mast, Frances McCrea,. Betty McGhee, Sherry Moyer, Kristine Mullendore, Bennie Nieves, Christine O'Connor, Deborah Orth, Helen Fan, Richard Paschke, Donald Paszek, Michael Fayne, Ron Poitras, Sandy Portko, Russell Rhoads, Senez Rodriguez, Deb Rotman, Doris Rucks, Linda Rynbrandt, Elizabeth Schaughency , Ellen Shupe, Christine Smith, Betty Sweet at Internet, Marilyn Tanner, Veta Tucker, Donna Vaniwaarden, Clifford VanMeter, Joan VanTimmeren, James Walker , Margaret Walker, William Whit, Jonathan White, Donald Williams, Allen Winebarger, Mary Wood , Xiaojuan Xu, Christine Yared, Joanne Ziembo-Vagl, Kathleen Blumreich at P015 , Victoria Brehm at P015, Anne Caillaud at P015, Linda Chown at F015 , Patricia Clark at POIS, Ann Marie Eligon at P016, Rosa Fernandez-Levin at POIS,. Shirley Fleischmann at F012, Catherine Frerichs at P04, Gretchen Galbraith, Phyllis Gendler, Julia Guevara, Leslie Henson at Internet, Jacqui Hill at P04, Gayla Jewell, Katherine Kim, Sufen Lai at POIS , Cynthia Mader at POH , Jo Ellen Miller at FOlS, Diana Pace at P0-4, Shirley Perkins at FOl-4 , Gabriela Pozzi at POlS, Diane Rayer at POlS, Kate Remlinger at POlS, Stephanie Schaertel at P016, Mary Seeger at P04, Carolyn Shapiro, Mack Smith at P015, Glenda Taylor at F016 , Beth Thacker at P016, Alexandra Tyler, Wendy Wenner at FOlS, Judy Whipps, Diane Wright at POlS Subject : Announcing New Coordinator - Linda Chown To: Women's Studies Advisory Committee From: Nancy L . Harper, Dean of Social Sciences Re: New Coordinator for WGS cc: All Faculty I'm pleased to report that Linda Chown , Associate Professor of English, has accepted the appointment of Coordinator of the Women and Gender Studies (WGS) Program effective June 1, 1998. She replaces Christine O'Connor (Psychology) who did an excellent jab this past year in restructuring curriculum to include women and gender course offerings from various disciplines and to get the program renamed. I know we all appreciate Chris' hard work and dedication. I have no doubt she' 11 continue to be active in the program. Linda has been quite involved with the Women's Studies Program in past years, co-chairing the Women Scholar's Faculty Forum for various years, participating in the Women's Festival, serving as Acting Coordinator AND Women ' s Festival Chair during Winter Semester 1995. In fact, it is Linda who established the basic format for the first Festival . Speaking of Festival, Linda is eager to get started on tying down some fundamental plans far the March 1999 interation. She WELCOMES suggestions and , espcially, volunteers who might like to act as co-chairs and/ or to become involved in the planning . She also would welcome volunteers to organize the Women Scholar ' s Faculty Forum. NLH � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_1998_LindaChownCoordinatorEmail.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nancy L. Harper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1998-06-08 Title A name given to the resource Announcing New Coordinator - Linda Chown Description An account of the resource Email to the Women's Studies Advisory Committee announcing the appointment of Linda Chown as the coordinator of the Women and Gender Studies program. Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives