32 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1754da11059d8785142eb83acfe4c8e2.jpg 37669d66b227178113b38139d73831bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image a man in a dressing gown is seated in a plush red armchair. He looks angrily up at a woman in midcentury dress standing behind him. She rests her arm on the back of his chair and looks down at him. Beside the armchair is a small wooden table with a chorded phone and a picture frame. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cb717f2fbea616602e5334f24526d676.jpg 536b9121a57d5ef76038c3eb3d536ba3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image two men are on the floor of a living room. The first, a man in a dressing gown, grips the jacket of the other and reaches out with his hand as if not quite sure the other is real. The second man stares back at him and looks as if he is attempting to get away. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d699041ec297c56609849f478a8a1bcb.jpg 43deedcc2cf22fd0fad344e2afd24e16 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image a woman embraces her companion from behind. Both wear furred hats and winter jackets. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9112705089b81c0d5d0558ad1d5d0a06.jpg 12baa1682932c4575cf64983641a331b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_015 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image a woman in a raincoat recoils from another woman pushing a full shopping cart. The second woman holds out her finger accusingly. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cc9fe169a572055f80e6026e13feca3b.jpg d94296e5db6d309544e6eea836f2d90e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_021 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image four actors are posed around a large ornate bed. Sitting on the bed are two figures dressed in historical clothing, one extravagantly like an 18th century aristocrat, the other more modestly. Both are holding bundles of grass. Standing beside the bed is a man in a modern suit holding another man, dressed in pajamas, who appears to be sleeping in his arms. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/43425595d449ea99660e2d0854c31632.jpg fab32634bacca449187704efa18103ff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image a caretaker attends to her patient. He is shirtless and hooked up to an IV drip. The set behind them is an ornate façade. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/96e9df86a546d64b673f972f00e5cff4.jpg ee148c56f36e503485b9bcd2d7491a32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_050 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image an actor dressed as Jewish man and wearing a prayer shawl stands beside a wooden cabinet. The set in the background is dressed as an ornate façade. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/68317f682f470876a0c800054b6ee3f9.jpg d4908addecde6ec64c9d5ec6756407ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_052 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image two men rest on a sofa. One, dressed in pajamas, is lying with his head resting in his partner's lap. The other looks down at him and cradles him tenderly. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/99df0cc6af2646c433dbf02af8a85f09.jpg 85adacfde88f1795802f21993665c02e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_065 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image an actor in drag gazes at their reflection in a handheld mirror. They are wearing a floral dressing gown and pink turban. In the background a large crest made of an eagle, whose chest is a shield bearing the American flag and whose wings are the tablets of the ten commandments, is lit from behind. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/00515990f02d57787e3e561cdd0fcbe1.jpg 48fd65b5a7ffc342ebccabafd6ffa3d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2001_Angles-In-America_071 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Angels in America (theater production), 2001 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2001 production of "Angels in America." In this image an angelic figure has broken through the set. The two ornate panels that once made up the back wall are split apart. Behind the angel heavenly light filters through white smoke. She holds out her arms parallel to her wings. In front of her a man sits up in bed looking confused. Beside him is an IV pole. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2001s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/eada650bceddb281e964444b4b8c6c6f.mp3 99695311691d4d9f5aa397559a533f05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Midweek Lent Series What Wouldn't Jesus Do? Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-20000412 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000-04-12 Title A name given to the resource Angry Resentment Poisons the Soul Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on April 12, 2000 entitled "Angry Resentment Poisons the Soul", as part of the series "What Wouldn't Jesus Do? ", on the occasion of Midweek Lent, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/41655169c6ae5cfbbaf238c779194c93.mp3 9cb80ed67861b308ba7b134f4deaf512 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Midweek Lenten Service Scripture Text Luke 19:41-48 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19970319 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1997-03-19 Title A name given to the resource Anguish, Not Anger Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on March 19, 1997 entitled "Anguish, Not Anger", on the occasion of Midweek Lenten Service, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Luke 19:41-48. https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5d98397d26255c791b71ba5328cf3d8e.jpg 4ab28fdbda63071be6639b883d427897 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A10A313fix Title A name given to the resource Angus trip ready to leave for the Southwest Description An account of the resource Angus trip ready to leave for the Southwest. Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography Indiana Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2f3b0b4f91a00039a163017df07169eb.jpg 216d3864f8dddc77b3b1623c7f3d12c3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A9-150 Title A name given to the resource Angus trip ready to leave for the Southwest Description An account of the resource Angus trip ready to leave for the Southwest. Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography Indiana Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/873178e64d867c5e1f15adc170be1f52.jpg 71d7bfe48466cc7dec0a66a8bff9944e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A15-1592-A Title A name given to the resource Angus. D. J. Angus Description An account of the resource Portrait of D. J. Angus. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Indiana Photographs Photography Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b3fa47dbc3b029331ee2fb9558f1e16c.jpg 0bb28e84404f039c37cdb4e89bc54e9d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A15-1592-B Title A name given to the resource Angus. D. J. Angus Description An account of the resource Portrait of D. J. Angus. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Indiana Photographs Photography Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f42ed64aa0447b6b97c1dafd29757a94.jpg 15066728b597d3a2793e6763ea0a049d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A15-P28A Title A name given to the resource Angus. D. J. Angus and Hemsing Description An account of the resource D. J. Angus and Hemsing posing for a picture. Subject The topic of the resource Wisconsin Photographs Photography Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/427b590239e13b95ee9cf4dce8509e00.pdf 134f6514deacd98c541db37d4b3d8e66 PDF Text Text KATI-NEEK ANISHNABE +++++++++++++++++++++++++~~++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++az Dec./Jap. 19 !~¼~*;*~~;*!***************************************************************** Dear Reader: Welcome to the first issue of ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK. We hope you will find it interesting, informative, and enjoyable! Chemegwetch to Joe John and the other elders on his committee who selected the newsletter name which means INDIAN CATHOLIC. But for a newsletter to be effective, we will need to hear from you! Please contact us. If you have any news that others would like to read about, send it to us. If you have a favorite poem or reading, share them. Or if you would like to discuss your views on religion --Indian or Christian-- write them down and send to us. Or phone us. We want to hear from you! Fr. Pat, Fred, and Shirley Send all correspondence to: ANISHNABE ·KATI-NEEK Indian Catholic Ministry 650 Burton Street, s.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49507 Phone: 616/24)-0491 xJ5 HISTQ·RIC EVENT At the 9:JO AM liturgy on Sunday; December 28, an historic event will take place at St. Andrew's Cathedral in Grand Rapids when John Vallier, a Chippewa, will be ordained · to the transitional diaconate --the first Native American in the Diocese ·of Grand Rapids to do so. Vallier, an enrolled member of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, is the son of Francis and Eleanor Vallier of Portland. He received a bachelor's degree in Sacred Theology and a master's of Divinity on November 24 from St. Regis' Seminary, Toronto. The date of his ordination to the priesthood wiil be set after the first of the year. Because Vallier will be a diocesan priest, he will be assigned as transitional deacon to a parish within the Diocese of Grand Rapids. The Indian community is welcome to attend the December 28 ceremony. Or watch it over Channel 8 T-V. -1- �Our Indian Bishop: He's One Of Liturgy Plans The Indian Catholic Ministry's monthly liturgies in the St. James School chapel are well attended. The first liturgy was in November. Fr. Pat Cawley offered the Mass and gave an inspiring homily. He especially s~ressed the key point that Indians have much to offer the Church. Roger Martell Jr. assisted Fr. Pat as altar server. Jeanette St. Clair was the reader. And Fred Chivis Jr. assisted with the distribution of the Eucharist. The music was under ·the direction of Vi Cumming. Particularly meaningful was a song in the Ottawa language composed by her and Mabel Shomin. A guitar and drum provided the musical background. After the service the attendees met· for fellowship and refreshments. All are ·invited to attend the Wednesday, January 7, service at 7:JO PM in the st. James School Chapel, 750 First St., NW, Grand Rapids. And stay for fellowship afterwards. -2- Us ! America's first Native American bishop came from beginnings that many of us can relate to easily. Bishop Don Pelotte grew up amid the same kind of poverty that he will encounter on the reservations and in the poor Hispanic settlements of his new diocese in New Mexico. His father --an Abenaki and Algonqu'in Indian-- died of alcoholism. Two other family members also suffer from the disease. Bishop Pelotte grew up in rural Maine in an old, run-down house with no running water and an outhouse. Bishop recalls that they had to stuff rags in the cracks of the house during the winter. And the boys had to sleep three or four to a bed to keep warm. The family was also on welfare from time to time. Bishop Pelotte --he's one of us! �JESUS' BIRTH Kateri Circle Kateri Circles are spreading throughout the country. Each circle develops a program to fit its locality. The Grand Rapids Kateri Circle was formed to meet the needs of the Indian Catholic community in a rural -urban setting. The goals are three -fold: prayer, service; and development of a liturgy around Native American culture. Circle members serve the community in a variety of ways, such as assisting at funerals and sitting with the sick. The circle meets every Monday at 7:00 PM in the St. James Community Chapel, 750 First St., NW, Grand Rapids. Everyone is welcome! CO-ED Gym Activities The Native· American Education Program of the Grand Rapids Public Schools announces that it has the use _fo the West Middle School gym facilities {men's showers included) on Thursdays from J:00 to 6:00 PM. Anyone interested in participating in basketball, volleyball, and so on is invited. A youth basketball league is also being planned. {ORIGINAL BLESSING by Matthew Fox, Bear & Co., Inc. Pg. JOO) Interested persons should come down to the gym at 615 Turner NW, Oi call Ron Yob at 456-4226. -+ ... Jesus' birth comes about not through an ordinary father but through the Holy Spirit. This makes his birth a cosmic event, as was the original birth of creation. This makes Jesus not only a prophet of the New Creation but the New Creation itself ••• "Mary is a virgin who has not known man, and there.f ore the child is totally God' : work ••• a · hew creation." This spirit that begot Jesus resembles "the Spirit of God that hovered over the waters before creation" in Genesis 1 :.2. The earth was void and without form un~il that Spirit appeared; just so Mary's womb was a void until through the spirit God filled it with a child who was His Son ••. Not only does a new creation begin with the birth of Jesus, but at the end of his life Jesus sends the spirit of new creation on to others. "He breathed on them and said: 'Receive the Holy Spirit.'" {John 20122) This is the spirit who will make all things new. -J- �You Are Invited LITURGY FOR NATIVE AMERICANS First Wednesday of every month 7iJO PM in St. James SchooL Chapel 750 !irst St. NW (Behind the Church) Grand Rapids, Michigan KATE RI CIRCLE Every Monday at 7:00 PM St. James Community Center Chapel 750 First St., NW Grand Rapids, Michigan COED GYM ACTIVITIES Every Thursday, J:00 to 6100 PM Gym of West Middle School 615 Turner Ave., NW Grand Rapids, Michigan JOHN VALLIER'S ORDINATION TO THE TRANSITIONAL DIACONATE 91)0 AM Sunday, December 28, 1986 St. Andrew's Cathedral 267 Sheldon Ave., SE Grand Rapids, Michigan ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK is published six times yearly by the Office of Indian Catholic Ministries for the following purposesr (1) to inform the Ind~a~ Catholic of pertinent religious programs and liturgical events; (2) to disseminate news of personal, spiritual, and social significance to the Indian Catholic community; and (J) to provide a vehicle for discussion of Native American religious values and beliefs within the context of the message of Jesus Christ. SPIRITUAL DIRECTOR Fr. Pat Cawley MINISTRY COORDINATOR Fred Chivis, Jr. NEWSLETTER EDITOR Shirley Francis ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK Office of Indian Catholic Ministries 650 Burton Street, s.w. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49507 EDWARD GILLIS 2512 UNION ST. N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, Ml 49505 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_anishnabe_v1n1_1987-01 Title A name given to the resource Anishnabe Kati-Neek, December/January 1988 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-01 Description An account of the resource December/January 1987 (Volume 1, Number 1) issue of Anishnabe Kati-Neek by the Indian Catholic Ministry collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Catholic Ministry Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francis, Shirley (Editor) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/036f85ccac8328f0a2586cfe1148227e.pdf 02083bb96add72fc1620d2a3e8568c66 PDF Text Text ANISHNABE ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• +++++++++++++++++++- Vol. 3 No. 3 KATI-NEEK •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• fall 1988 t++++++++++++++++ ·······································•***************************•********* THE 49TH ANNUAL TEKAKWITHA CONFERENCE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY BOZEMAN,MONTANA AUGUST 10 - 14, 1988 During this week August 10-14, thirtyseven representatives of Michigan attended the 49th Annual Tekakwitha Conference held in Bozeman, Montana. Representatives from nearly 100 tribes, thirty-five states and five Canadian Provinces were present. Our first Native American Catholic Bishop, Bishop Donald E. Pelotte, Coadjutor Bishop of Gallup, New Mexico, along with our newest Native American Catholic Bishop, Bishop Charles J. Chaput, the sixth Bishop of Rapid City were present. The sharing of each others gifts, disappointments, struggles and joys all combined to make up a present and future vision for the Native People in the Catholic Church today. To have been a part of this memorable event has been a joyous spiritual uplifting experience - a true blessing to us all. One that we will not soon forget - nor wish to. The Vision Statement which was compiled by the participants and read by Bishop Chaput at the end of the conference appears in its entirety on page two. Joyous occasion: On September 7, 1988 at 7:30 p.m. at St. James Church, we held our monthly Native American Liturgy, in honor of Frank and Vi Compo's 25th Wedding Anniversary. Mr. Frank Bush (Pipe Carrier) performed the Pipe Ceremony. Father Edward Kubiak was celebrant of this Mass. A Reception followed the Mass. Please continue to pray for Mr. & Mrs. Compo. A big thanks to all who attended. On September 10, 1988 at 9:00 a.m. at St. Joseph's Center, 660 Burton S.E. there was a sharing of the trip to the Bozeman Tekakwitha Conference by those who went to Bozeman. Megwetch to all who shared. Due to various personal reasons Tim Pieri former Ministry Coordinator, has resigned. Fr. Pat Cawley is very much available as our Spiritual Director. Also Linda Floyd, Administrator of the Off ice for Social Concerns can be reached at 243-0491 ext. 26. The Kateri Tekakwitha Steering Committee will keep you updated on events. �"As members of the Tekakwitha Conference, we reaffirm our faith in Christ Jesus and our appreciation for the Native communities in which the Creator has placed us. We make the following statement to call all of God's People to a life of holiness and service sustained by the Holy Spirit and inspired by Blessed Kateri T ekakw i tha. "As Native Catholics, we are encouraged by the recognition of our Native cultures, traditions, and languages in the Roman Catholic Church. The beginnings of liturgical incultura tion are nourishing our spiritual lives. We are supportive of the work of the Tekakwitha Conference and all ministers who help to develop and support Native ministries. The dedication of our ministers, Native and non-native, bishops, priests, deacons, women and men religious, and lay ministers strengthens our prayer, our involvement, and our unity. We call for continued support and development of programs for all of our people, especially our youth, that they might be able to appreciate both their Native and Catholic traditions. "At the same time, we recognize that there are certain challenges we face. Addiction to alcohol and drugs is destroying many of our Native people. We need to develop awareness and recovery programs adapted to our Native communities. We need to address the lack of interest in, awareness of, and understanding of our Native cultures by the clergy and by the Church in certain regions of the country. This lack of understanding contributes to a lessening of efforts in inculturation and Native leadership. Our appreciation of the gifts of the women of our Native communities and their participation on all levels needs to be increased. We need to reach out to those who have fallen away from their Native and Catholic Traditions. The youth among us need to feel more welcome and nourished by our Traditions. Well-developed family life and youth ministry programs will begin to address the challenge of moral and values education. A stronger Christian community will concern itself with the small numbers of Native vocations to the priesthood, diacona te, and religious life. Inadequate and insufficient adult education hinders our understanding and acceptance of the changes begun by the Second Vatican Council. Moreover, we do not always have a voice in the decision making processes in our parishes, dioceses, and the Universal Church. Finally, for many of these programs, we lack the necessary financial support. "As a result, we would perceive the following needs in our Native Communities: We need to have a greater sense of pride in ourselves, in our clans, and in our tribes. A greater sense of hospitality will help in healing past wounds, in inviting our youth into the Church, and in Native People who live on our Native homelands and in our rural and urban areas of our country. Through increased inculturation and education, we will be able to participate more actively in our faith communities in roles of leadership and service. Our respect for life, the unborn, the handicapped, and our elders needs to be reinforced and supported. Finally, we need to develop our own Native ministries and leadership programs. "To address our needs we must undertake the following changes. We need more Native bishops and leaders. Our youth must be invited to a greater level of participation on all levels of community and church life. Through an increased appreciation of our Native American cultures and gifts, we will be able to help the process in inculturation as Native People become more involved in the life of the Church. With such active participation, there will hopefully be an increase in training programs for lay and ordained ministers and an increase in Native locations. Since many of our Native communities are experiencing a great shortage of priests, we would like dialogue within the Church to develop creative solutions for ordained ministry. We appreciate the ministry of our native deacons and call for continued support and encouragement for the permanent diaconate. We need to continue and strengthen our commitment to further the work of social and economic justice, not only for our own communities, but for all people who live on Mother Earth. �"We must be strengthened for this task by the many good gifts which we are experiencing in the Church: the active role of the laity, the ongoing dialogue between Native American and Catholic ways, the Tekakwitha Conference, the strong faith life which we share, and the involvement of our young people. "During the next five years, as members of the Tekakwitha Conference, we pledge to address the five following problems: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Insufficient religious education programs, catholic schools, and inadequate numbers of teachers Alcoholism and substance abuse Insufficient Youth Involvement Lack of unity Low self-esteem During the next five years, as members of the Tekakwitha Conference, we pledge to develop the following strengths: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Our Native Spirituality Our Unity Our strong family centeredness Our Youth Involvement Lay, Religious and Ordained Ministries in our communities" TEKRKW ITHR CONFERENCE 1988 A time to LEARN from one another Where two or three are gathered ... �NAVAJO CHANT .• i BL. KATERI TEKAKWITHA House made of Dawn. House made of Evening Light. House made of Dark Cloud. House made of Rain. House made of Dark Mist. House made of Pollen. House made of Grasshoppers. Happily may we walk. May it be beautiful before us. May it be beautiful behind us. May it be beautiful below us. May it be beautiful above us. May it be beautiful around us. In beauty it is finished. A time to SHARE A time to SING Bishops D. E. Pelotte &: J. C. Chaput �THE DIOCESE OF RAPID CITY P.O. Box 678 Rapid City, South Dakota 57709-0678 606 Cathedral Dr. Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-5498 Correspondence: CHANCERY OFFICE Parcel: 605 · 343-3541 August 25, 1988 Sister Anne Jeffrey, O.P. 109 Spruce Street Dowagiac, Michigan 49047 Dear Sister Anne, I do not know how else to thank the Native American Catholic Community of Michigan except through you. Would you please see that my "thanks" gets to the proper place(s). I am grateful for both the beautiful Bible and for the wonderful pipe that were your gifts to me at the time of my ordination and during the Tekakwitha Conference National Assembly in Bozeman. I will always have a special relationship with our Catholic Indians in Michigan. I feel like a part of your community. I am honored and humbled by the love and respect that you show me. I will be going to Rome tomorrow for a visit with the Holy Father. I will take him not only the love of the native people of our Diocese of Rapid City but of our whole country. May God give you peace and every blessing! With love, + B ~ e~ / ~ ·%7. Most Rev. Charles J. Chaput, O.F.M. Cap. Bishop of Rapid City �THIRD ANNUAL MICHIGAN TEKAKWITHA CONFERENCE Tentative dates for the conference are June 23, 24 & 25, 1989. It will be hosted by the Native American Ministry of the Diocese of Gaylord in Peshabestown. In an effort to cut conference registration fees, the dates and site were selected partially to take advantage of the excellent local camping opportunities. Limited housing will be available for invited guests and the elderly. An attempt will be made to reserve blocks of motel rooms in the area at reduced rates. Additional conference specifics will be available as developed. For additional information contact Andy Buvala (616) 271-6551, Sr. Ann Jeffrey (616) 782-5298 or Chet Eagleman (616) 363-5514 (h) (517) 335-8406 (w). NATIVE AMERICAN OLYMPIC BOXER Todd "Kid" Foster, 21 years old, is representing the United States at the Olympic games in Seoul South Korea as the U.S. 139 lb. light weight champion. Todd is Chippewa/Cree from Great Falls, Montana. Prior to leaving for Seoul in August, the city of Great Falls held a Todd "Kid" Foster day. Please remember Todd in your prayers. November 2, 1988 there will be a Potluck at 5:30 p.m. at St. James Family Center, 733 Bridge N.W., followed by 7:30 p.m. mass. December 7, 1988 will be a Native f..merican Liturgy mass at 7:30 p.m. at St. James. Anishnabe Kati-Neek edited by Pamela Maillet. URGENTLY NEEDED - Volunteers for: Social Committee Liturgical Committee Singers Please contact Pamela Maillet at 776-0889. ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK Office of Indian Catholic Ministries Diocese of Grand Rapids 660 Burton Street S.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49507 •• NON-PROFIT ORG. ••• :.0 8 1 : • ~-----·· * U POSTAGE! Edward Gillis 2512 Union Street N.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49505 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_anishnabe_v3n3_1988-08 Title A name given to the resource Anishnabe Kati-Neek, Fall 1988 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-08 Description An account of the resource Fall 1988 (Volume 3, Number 3) issue of Anishnabe Kati-Neek by the Indian Catholic Ministry collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Catholic Ministry Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francis, Shirley (Editor) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/31401ad725b8a188e7c45efb0a98e448.pdf b13d3d37f095330d70d49ee4330b5c50 PDF Text Text +++++++++++++++++++-Vol.I No. 4 July/August 1987 ~++++++++++++++++ ***************************************************************************** Dear Sisters and Brothers In Christ: The Office for Native Americans, in cooperation with the Secretariat for Social Concerns, will present a special mass to honor the Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha on Sunday July 12, 1987 at St. Mary's Parish in Grand Rapids. The mass will begin at 4:00 p.m. with a potluck immediately following. Please bring a dish to pass and table service. Beverages will be provided. Our guest celebrant will be Fr. Georges P. Mathieu of Prairie Band Potawatomi ancestry. This year, Fr. Georges celebrated bis 50th year as a priest on May 23, 1987. His service to his Creator and to his community has been outstanding. What's needed to make it special is you, your family, and friends. Sunday July 12, 1987 st. Mary's Parish 423 First st. N.W. Grand Rapids 4:00 p.m. Ble s s e d Kateri was a woman of great compassion and commitment. Let u s gather in her honor in gratitude to God and loyalty to her. Together In Christ, ,,/f.-ud' @a,0J,). Fred Chivis Jr. BLESSED KATERI TEKAKWITHA -Born at Auriesville, NY 1656 -Baptized at Fonda, NY 1676 -Died at Caughnawaga, Canada April 17, 1680 -Declared Venerable Jan. 3, 1943 -Declared Blessed June 22, 1980 -Feast Day celebrated on July 14 �PRAYER FOR HER CANONIZATION 0 GOD, who among the many marvels of Your Grace in the New World, did cause to blossom on the banks of the Mohawk and of the St. Lawrence, the pure and tender Lily, Kateri Tekakwitha, grant we beseech You, the favor we beg through her intercession --that this Young Lover of Jesus and of His Cross may soon be counted among her Saints by Holy Mother Church, and that our hearts may be enkindled with a stronger desire to imitate her innocence and faith. Through the same Christ Our Lord. Amen. IMPRIMATUR: Most Reverend Howard J. Hubbard, D.D. KATERI TEKAKWITHA: SOURCES OF INFORMATION We can thank the Society of Jesus for first-hand information about the only North American Indian to be delared "Blessed" --the second step in the process of canonization, of dejlaring a follower of Christ a saint (or resident of Heaven.) One of the duties of the Jesuit priests that came to Canada during the 17th Century as missionaries were to keep records. These were compiled into reports which were sent back to France --where they were widely circulated among Europeans. From 1896 to 1901 these reports of the Jesuits were translated, edited, and printed in English by Rueben G. Thwaites in Cleveland. Entitled Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, the 73 volumes can be found in the Grand Rapids Public Library and in the libraries of Grand Valley State and Aquinas colleges. The two-volume index is very helpful in locating information. Over 40 entries about Blessed Kateri are listed under "Tegakwitha" on page 355 of the second volume of the Index. These entries can be found mainly in Volumes 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, and 71. The Jesuit Relations are also a source of information about life in the villages of the Iroquois, the Huron, the Ottawa, and the Ojibwao But be prepared for biases on the part of the French as well as on the part of the 19th Century translators. �THE FIRST PORTRAIT OF BLESSED KATERI TEKAKWITHA This portrait, painted from memory one year after her death in 1680, is the work of Father Claude Chauchetiere, S.J, Fr. Chauchetiere --an amateur artist to be sure-- painted many pictures illustrating religious themes for his Indian converts, who had no written language. Fr. Chauchetiere was one of several priests who made up the religious community that served the Catholic Christian Indians at the Village of Caughnawaga, which is not far from present day Montreal. Because we have photocopied a photograph of the original oil painting, the quality is indeed poor. But accompanying the painting/picture found on page 176 of the Jesuit Relations is an excellent description of the clothing worn by Kateri and the other converts. PIERRE CHOLENEC, S,J,--BLESSED KATERI'S FIRST BIOGRAPHER When she arrived at the Christian village of Caughnawaga, Fr. Pierre Cholenec, S,J, became her confessor, Born in the Province of Leon, France on June 30, 1641, Cholenec entered the Society of Jesus at the age of 18. In 1674 he was sent to the Canadian missions, Shortly after Blessed Kateri's death, Fr. Cholenec wrote his biography of her. The original manuscript is still in the archives of the Jesuit Monastery of St, Jerome, Quebec, �YOU ARE INVITED • . • • SEND CORRESPONDENCE TO: MONTHLY LITURGY FOR NATIVE AMERICANS August 5, September 2, October 7 (First Wednesday of the month) at 7:30 pm St. James School Chapel, 750 First St., NW Grand Rapids, Michigan SESQUICENTENNIAL OF CATHOLICISM AMONG THE POKAGAN BAND POTAWATOMI INDIANS August 14 - 16 Sacred Heart of Mary Church Silver Creek, Cass County, Michigan Rustic camping available Contact Sr. Anne Jeffrey, o.p., 109 Spruce st., Dowagiac, MI 49047. 616/782-5298 I ANNUAL TEKAKWITHA LITURGY Sunday July 12 at 4:00 pm. Potluck following. St. Mary's Church, 423 First St., NW Grand Rapids, MI NATIONAL TEKAKWITHA CONFERENCE AND VISIT BY POPE JOHN PAUL II September 12 - 14, 1987 Phoenix, Arizona KATERI CIRCLE ACTIVITIES Contact Vi Cummings, 616/458-3979 ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK Indian Catholic Ministry 650 Burton Street, SE Grand Rapids, MI 49507 Ph, 616/243-0491 Ext, 35 ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK is pub- lished six times yearly by the Office of Indian Catholic Ministries for the following purposes: 0 to inform the Indian Catholic of pertinent religious programs and liturgical events; @ to disseminate news of personal. spiritual and social significence to the Indian Catholic community; and @) to provide a vehicle for discussion of Native American religious values and beliefs within the context of the message of Jes us Christ. SPIRITUAL DIRECTOR Fr. Pal Cawley MINISTRY COORDINATOR Fred Chivis, Jr. NEWSLETTER EDITOR . Shirley Francis +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK Office of Indian Catholic Ministries 650 Burton Street, S,W, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49507 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_anishnabe_v1n4_1987-07 Title A name given to the resource Anishnabe Kati-Neek, July/August 1987 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-07 Description An account of the resource July/August 1987 (Volume 1, Number 4) issue of Anishnabe Kati-Neek by the Indian Catholic Ministry collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Catholic Ministry Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francis, Shirley (Editor) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3f9dd6644a76328b3b6edab85771cdd8.pdf f0a5670a8afe8cad4da364b2b8b717c5 PDF Text Text GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Ann Arbor Charter Township �ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP BOARD Elizabeth Langford, Supervisor Catherine Braun, Clerk Virgina A. Forshee, Treasurer Peter A. Davis, Trustee Richard Dieterle, Trustee William Koeppel, Trustee John Wright, Trustee ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION James Schriemer, Chair John Allison William Koeppel Herbert Sloan James Snyder Rae Weaver John Wright Adopted by The Ann Arbor Township Planning Commission August 5, 1992 Approved by the Ann Arbor Township Board September 21, 1992 �GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 1 �CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN AUGUST 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTION SECTION 1.01 RELATION TO THE 1969 PLAN SECTION 1.02 PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLAN SECTION 1.03 THE PLANNING AREA PART 2 HISTORY OF ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP 2 2 3 SECTION 2.01 PHYSIOGRAPHIC HISTORY SECTION 2.02 TRAILS OF NATIVE AMERICANS SECTION 2.03 EARLY SETTLEMENT SECTION 2.04 RAILROADS SECTION 2.05 FREEWAYS SECTION 2.06 AREA GROWTH SECTION 2.07 CONCLUSION PART 3 EXISTING CONDITIONS: THE PLANNING AGENDA PART 4 OBJECTIVES PART 5 STRATEGY PART 6 POLICIES SECTION 6.01 AGRICULTURAL AREA POLICIES SECTION 6.02 RESIDENTIAL AREA POLICIES SECTION 6.03 COMMERCIAL AREA POLICIES SECTION 6.04 OFFICE AREA POLICIES SECTION 6.05 RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL AREA POLICIES SECTION 6.06 STREET AND TRANSPORTATION POLICIES SECTION 6.07 PUBLIC FACILITIES POLICIES SECTION 6.08 NATURAL FEATURES POLICIES PART 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN POLICIES 5 SECTION 7.01 INTRODUCTION SECTION 7.02 ZONING REGULATION SECTION 7.03 REGULATION OF LAND DIVISION SECTION 7.04 INFRASTRUCTURE PART 8 PLAN MONITORING PROGRAM SECTION 8.01 INTRODUCTION SECTION 8.02 BENEFITS OF A MONITORING PROGRAM SECTION 8.03 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM ii 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 18 21 26 27 32 34 34 35 40 44 49 49 52 52 55 55 55 �MAPS AND TABLES Number and Name Following page MAP 1 Planning Area and Sub-areas 3 MAP 2 Indian Trails 5 MAP 3 City Boundaries 8 MAP 4 Land Use Plan 24 MAP 5 Residential Areas Plan 30 MAP 6 Street Plan 38 MAP 7 Sanitary Sewer Service 39 MAP 8 Water Service 40 MAP 9 Public Facilities 42 MAP 10 Natural Features 45 TABLE 1 Future Land Uses 46 111 �PART! INTRODUCTION GENERALDEVEWPMENTPLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 1 �describes the intended uses of general areas. The plan is not intended to be a "blueprint" for the future, and should not b~ interpreted in this fashion. It also does not state that a certain action will be taken at a future time. To use the plan in either fashion would require that the Planning Commission make decisions today concerning future events, something that is impossible to do and, if attempted, would give the plan an unworkable rigidity. SECTION 1.01 RELATION TO TIIE 1969 PLAN The township's previous comprehensive general development plan was adopted in 1969. Since that time, conditions within and affecting the township changed to the point that a major revision of that plan became warranted. In addition, its day-to-day use pointed to certain elements that needed improvement. In light of these circumstances, the Planning Commission decided to completely revise that plan. The revised version will, upon adoption by the Planning Commission, replace the comprehensive general development plan adopted in 1969. C. The plan provides guidelines for making decisions or recommendations in the future. For example, it will provide the framework for Planning Commission recommendations on rezoning petitions and subdivision plats to the Township Board, and for Planning Commission decisions on site plans. Decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis at the time necessary and within the context of the plan. The plan will be amended if the analysis generated by the required decision indicates that a change is deemed appropriate. SECTION 1.02 PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLAN The Planning Commission's experience using the 1969 plan over the past several years resulted in the conclusion that the revised version should have a somewhat different orientation. The following are the principal characteristics of the new plan. D. The plan recognizes the fact that the future is uncertain and cannot be predicted, and that current perceptions of future conditions might change. The major issues it addresses also might change over time, and strategies and policies designed to respond to them might have to be modified or replaced with new ones. The Planning Commission intends to periodically review, refine, and otherwise modify the plan as events unfold. Refinement maybe in the form of restating, deleting, or adding to the issues, strategies, goals, or policies set forth in the following pages. It may also involve the creation of detailed policies for specific areas of the township, such as the sub-planning areas. These changes might result from an analysis of a specific development proposal, such as a rezoning petition; a capital improvement proposal by the township or other government body; or a periodic review of the plan or a detailed study of A. The plan describes the Planning Commission's strategies for growth and development of the township and the policies that are intended to implement them. Those strategies address the fundamental issues that the Planning Commission expects the township to face in the next 20 years. The plan is focused on a limited number of issues in order to concentrate on those that can truly make a difference to the township's future. B. Since the plan concentrates on strategies and policies, it is general in nature, focusing on the Planning Commission's intended response to various issues. Thus, it does not prescribe or predict uses of specific parcels of land, except in a few circumstances such as the Washtenaw Community College campus. Instead, it 2 �coincide with the current civil boundaries of Ann Arbor Charter Township. a part of the township by the Planning Commission. This approach can be viewed as a series of successive attempts to adapt the plan, as well as the planning process, to changing conditions. The planning area contains 12,518 acres, or approximately 19.5 square miles (see Map 1). It is divided into seven sub-areas, for purposes of reference and planning convenience. They will be referred to as planning areas # 1-7. The sub-areas are similar to those delineated in the 1969 plan, except sub-areas 1 and 4, in which land has been annexed by the city. In addition, the current sub-area 7 was a part of sub-area 6 in the 1969 plan. E. The plan is an overall guide to decision-making, but continual use of the planning process, and not just the plan itself, will assure that decisions regarding land uses and facilities will be better than they would be in the absence of such a process. It is the Planning Commission's intent to continually improve the planning process as well as the plan. F. The plan was designed for the preferred uses for all parts of the planning area, rather than for a projected population or a target year. The number of acres in each proposed land use category is shown in Table 1. G. The maps in the plan are intended only to illustrate some of the policies described in the text. They show general locations of uses and facilities. The text of the plan should be consulted for a description of policies that apply to specific areas or features . SECTION 1.03 THE PLANNING AREA The planning area encompasses all areas of the township except some scattered islands. These islands were not included because there are no significant planning issues associated with them. The area delineated as the planning area is a compromise between: 1) including all contiguous land that is now within Ann Arbor Charter Township and 2) incorporating reasonable boundaries, natural and constructed, between the planning area and land that is in the city. As a result, the planning area also includes areas that are within the corporate limits of the city, as in subareas 1, 4, and 7. Therefore, it should be understood that the planning area does not, and is not intended to, • 3 �JOY I I I -r I I I I PLANNING AREA & SUB-AREAS - - - Planning Sub-area boundary 4 and reference number Planning Sub-areas are bounded by either dashed line or shaded area toRTH 0 I Miles 1 I �PART2 HISTORY OF ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 4 �SECTION 2.01 PHYSIOGRAPHIC HISTORY saw, and paper mills on the river and its tributaries. The history of the Ann Arbor area began long before recorded accounts of initial settlement. The physical setting of the area was established approximately 14,000 years ago at the end of the last glaciation. The glacier, and its melting and retreat, created the area's topography and natural drainage systems. Each time the glacier's retreat paused, debris was deposited. Two ridges, one on the east side of the present city and one on the west, were formed as a result. Kettle holes were also formed and became ponds or lakes. The natural features of the area encouraged establishment of an agricultural industry from the first days of settlement. Crops and livestock were raised, which led to the establishment of grain mills and later to tanneries and wool mills. The site for the original settlement of Ann Arbor was selected because of its physical features. John Allen and Elisha Rumsey who explored Washtenaw County for a possible settlement site, chose the Ann Arbor area because they found here "a natural clearing with fertile soil, a nearby river to furnish water power and transportation, and proximity to the growing commercial center of Detroit." The glacier played an important role in the settlement and subsequent development of the Ann Arbor area. It, of course, created the final topography final until humans began excavating, filling and grading in the 19th and 20th centuries - and the Huron River and tributary streams, wetlands, and ponds. Many of the results are still visible today. It was also responsible for the area's fine soils, which supported agricultural production after the area was opened in the early 1800's for settlement. Sand, gravel, and boulders that were deposited by the glacier's retreat were used for building materials. Potential building sites were created. One Ann Arbor historian described this area's natural attributes in 1881 as follows: "The locality has had every advantage; nature made it beautiful, the American pioneer made it useful. The former conferred upon it a rich soil and a great water power; the latter utilized each, transforming the soil into well ordered gardens and turning the waters of the river into channels of industry." SECTION 2.02 TRAILS OF NATIVE AMERICANS The geologic feature with primary impact on the settlement and development of the Ann Arbor area was the Huron River and its tributary streams. The former was used as a transportation route from Detroit, and Lake Erie, west to Rawsonville (also known as Snow's Landing in early years). Since the river was not navigable west of this point, materials and supplies were shipped by wagon for the remainder of the trip to Ann Arbor. Land shipment was undependable, however; in wet weather the roads that existed in early years were impassable. Therefore, the early settlers were forced to be more self-sufficient, which resulted in the establishment of flour, Prior to the coming of the European settlers in the early 1800's, the area was inhabited by native Americans. They had two village sites close to Ann Arbor ·Township, but none within - one just to the north, between Pontiac Trail and Joy Road in Section 35 of Northfield Township, and one at Packard and Stone School Roads in Pittsfield Township. A number of their trails crossed the township. These usually followed high ground and waterways, skirting the edges of dense woods and swamps. They intersected on the west side of the current Ann Arbor central 5 �••• ••• ••• • • 5 • ••• EARLY TRAILS • • • • Early Trail location ioRTH 0 I Miles 1 I �business district. A map from a Washtenaw County history published in 1881 shows 11 trails in the township. Many of them became roads in the early settlement period; these remain to the present day. For example, Plymouth Road, Fuller/Geddes, Geddes/Huron River Drive, Washtenaw Avenue east of Stadium Boulevard, Main Street, Liberty Street, Dexter/Huron Street west of Main Street, and Miller Avenue all generally follow the earlier trails. Portions of Joy Road and Pontiac Trail also follow the route of earlier trails. The generalized location of the trails is shown on Map 2. coast via Lake Erie, the canal, and the Hudson River. By 1827, the settlement of Ann Arbor had a population of 150 people and 20 to 30 dwellings. Supplies were procured in Detroit and brought by wagon through Plymouth or by boats pushed upstream on the Huron River to present-day Rawsonville, where they were shipped by wagon for the remainder of the tnp to Ann Arbor. On April 23, 1833, the Michigan Legislative Council approved a statute that permitted incorporatio~ of the Village of Ann Arbor. The act made the corporate limits of the new village the same as the boundaries of the original plat that was laid out and recorded by Allen and Rumsey. A history of Washtenaw County shows the population of the village and remaining township as 2,900 people. At that time the area had 4 churches, 2 newspapers, 2 banks, 8 mills and factories, numerous stores, 11 lawyers, and 9 physicians. The state legislature, in 183 7, approved the transfer of the University of Michigan from Detroit to the new village. The university located on a tract of land on the east edge of the village plat. SECTION 2.03 EARLY SETTLEMENT The history of Ann Arbor Township from the days of initial settlement to the cµrrent time has been inextricably connected to the history of the city. Whereas the township of Ann Arbor was created in 1827, five years after Washtenaw County was formed, the city was officially founded as a settlement on February 2, 1824, when Allen and Rumsey registered their claim to 640 acres of land. The new settlement was named "Ann's Arbor", after the founders' wives and for the grove-like appearance of the site. Shortly after settlement, Ann's Arbor was designated the county seat. The railroad from Detroit was opened in 1839, spurring a new round of growth in the Ann Arbor area. Transportation to and from the area was now much easier, not to mention faster. Ann Arbor Township was created in 1827 when the Legislative Council of the Michigan Territory divided the county into three townships - Ypsilanti, Dexter, and Ann Arbor. Those townships were subsequently divided into the 20 that exist today. An 1843 map shows Ann Arbor Township with 36 sections, so its final size was established between 1827 and 1843. The earliest good map now available was prepared in 1843. This map, if it is reasonably accurate, shows a number of features that are historically important to the development of the area. First, the routes of most of the area's current surface roads were already established by 1843. There are, however, some notable differences between then and now. For example, Warren Road (all names are current ones) did not extend west of Pontiac Trail at that time; Dhu Varren Road crossed the entire township, from what is now Ford Road at Dixboro Road to Maple Road; and Dhu Varren Road had a bridge across The township, including the future city of Ann Arbor, grew slowly in the first few years. The area experienced a spurt of growth after the Erie Canal was completed in 1825. The canal linked Detroit and points west with the east 6 �the Huron River. Maple Road terminated at Dhu Varren Road and also crossed the river. of Joy Road, one in Northfield Township at Pontiac Trail and the other in Salem Township, at Dixboro Road. A post office was located in Northfield Township, just north of the school at Whitmore Lake Road. The map also shows six river crossings by roads in 1840. They were, Maple Road; Dhu Varren Road, across what is now Barton Pond; Beakes Street, as an extension of Plymouth Road; Maiden Lane, between Fuller/Glazier Way and Plymouth/Beakes; Fuller/Glazier Way; and Geddes Road. Three of these crossings were within one-half mile of each other in the village; the others were at the west and east edges of the township. The river was, therefore, a physical barrier to movement between the north and south parts of the township, between these widely separated crossing points. Thus, the map shows that almost all the economic and social facilities that had been constructed by 1843 were either in the village, along the river, or in the portion of the township north of the river. The map shows nothing south of the river outside the village, except a furnace just west of the village, in the vicinity of First Street and the aforementioned sawmill in Section 35. This suggests that developments existing by 1843 were either in the village or north of the river. The village occupied about one square mile of land in 1843, leaving the township with all but one of its original 36 square miles. The Michigan Central railroad is shown in the Huron River valley, but the Ann Arbor railroad is not shown; it had not been constructed at that time. A number of mills existed in the area in 1843: a sawmill (Chull's) and a paper mill in Section 7 (between the railroad and the river in the vicinity of Newport and Bird Roads); a sawmill (Kellogg's) and a flour mill on the east side of the river in Section 17 (west of Whitmore Lake Road); a sawmill (Woodruff) on Mallets(n) Creek in Section 35 (on the south edge of the swamp along Huron River Drive); a sawmill and flour mill (Geddes) between the railroad and river in Section 36) at the intersection of Dixboro and Geddes Roads and two sawmills on Fleming Creek - one south of Geddes Road in Section 25, probably Parker Mill, identified as Pages, and one in Section 24, on the present University of Michigan property. Another sawmill was located on Traver Creek (Traverse) in Section 21, just north of Plymouth Road. Three schoolhouses were in or close to Ann Arbor Township. One was located south of Joy Road at Whitmore Lake Road, and two on the north side SECTION 2.04 RAILROADS Construction of railroad tracks impacted the settlement of Ann Arbor Township and the surrounding area in two ways. Because of their ability to move people, produce, products, and equipment with relative ease, the stage was set for economic growth. But, the tracks also created a barrier. Road extensions were less frequent than they might have been in the absence of the railroad. With the additional obstacles posed by the Huron River, crossings were difficult and expensive. A current example is the Dixboro Road crossing of the river and railroad. Replacement of the existing crossing with an up-to-date, grade separated crossing will be very expensive. The township is crossed by two ·railroads. The Michigan Central, completed in 1839, crosses it in a northwest-southeast direction, generally following the Huron River. The original route still exists. The second railroad, the Ann Arbor, was constructed in the latter part of the 19th century. A map dated 1895 shows the railroad in its current alignment, except for the segment just north of Plymouth Road. The railroad track diverged from its 7 �delineations of city boundaries over the years, but the overall outline of the incorporated area is reasonably accurate. It should also be noted that the city's boundaries shown on Map 3 are highly generalized. As a result, numerous islands as well as irregularities in the boundaries are not shown because of the small scale of the map.) current route to the northeast in the southwest comer of Section 15 in the vicinity of Upland Drive. It then followed a northeasterly course through Section 14, and turned north through Sections 11 and 4 about midway between Nixon and Earhart Roads. The track turned northeast again in Northfield Township to Leland Station, at North Territorial and Earhart Roads. At this point it turned to the northwest to Whitmore Lake. The 1895 map shows a proposed "cutofr• route through Ann Arbor Township, which became the present alignment of the track. Since a 1911 map shows the entire railroad in its current alignment through the township, the cutoff must have been constructed between 1895 and 1911. The map shows that the city's growth, as expressed by its corporate limits, was quite well balanced in all directions through the 1940s. Major growth occurred to the east and northeast in the 1950-70 period. A smaller amount of growth occurred in the Ann Arbor Township portion of the city in the 1970-90 period. This most recent growth consisted primarily of infill of older islands and relatively small accretions of land on the perimeter, particularly in the northeast part of the city. SECTION 2.05 FREEWAYS Construction of the freeway system in the Ann Arbor area continued the improvements to transportation · that attracted economic development. The freeways, especially Ml4, improved travel time between the Ann Arbor and Detroit metropolitan areas, and made the Ann Arbor area a more functional part of the larger southeast Michigan region. Ann Arbor Township, in particular, became a more accessible place to live. The freeways were completed in the early 1960s. Since 1843, the township's land area, as shown in the following table, decreased by about 50 percent: 1843 1934 1949 1970 1991 35 29 27 18 17 square miles 1/2 square miles 1/2 square miles square miles square miles (Note: The average figures are estimates and include Barton Hills Village.) SECTION 2.06 AREA GROWTH The interweaving of the histories of the city and township is characterized by a pattern of expansion of the city's incorporated area into the township. Since its founding, the city has expanded into Pittsfield Township to the south and Scio Township to the west. But the largest part of the city by far is located in what was at one time Ann Arbor Township. The location of city areas in Ann Arbor Township for selected years is shown on Map 3. (Note: This map was derived from readily available information. Comparison of available maps suggests that there are some errors in the various The township's population fluctuated over the years since its founding. The decennial population figures are: 1850 1860 1870 1880 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 8 4,870 2,055 1,383 1,400 1,055 934 967 2,223 3,198 2,795 �II l ,nv II I ;;P," II ,nv ~· I I I -~ _, _, . :z: z 3 4 "'z 7 ~I ANN A RJBOJR ! "' '/ II I '1 1/, I ~ ~I I • I:: 1 ; - ,, K _; / AA '' A, I t ,\ "" ~ 21 ~ .· l\ ••••• •J r' ~ ll:P I~ ')C I I X ~ ,·- p ·~ -- ' t I i i - X \. .... ,. . I ", ~ ✓ ....... ' -- I ,u IC .~ ~ .r " "'~ I I -r \ I ' i I 0 ' JIii 0 25 ~ \ \ \ I I I I 'HI AA :-;., "- .. . X I II ''I: i L I I I I I ~ ' '~ ~ ~ ~ /. IA 1 I A (K ' ., ' ~ ' 0 \: L I ,., L V/ ~ -n 1/ CITY BOUNDARIES Approximate City boundary as of: ~ 1843 1934 ~ 1949 ems 1970 !{:}}j 1990 toRTH 0 I Miles 1 I c �1960 1970 1980 1990 3,521 3,488 3,445 3,828 Canadian border at Sault Ste. Marie to southern Florida. And fourth, throughout this period of development, the steady and sometimes rapid growth of the city took place primarily at the expense of Ann Arbor Township territory. Much of the original township area - about 50 percent has been absorbed by the city to support its growth. (Note: All population figures include Barton Hills Village.) SECTION 2.07 CONCLUSION This brief survey of Ann Arbor Township's past shows that the area's potential for growth was established early by several factors that would influence its character and the opportunities it offered. First, its natural setting, the result of the last glacial age, left the area with a scenic beauty, good soil for agriculture to support early settlers, and ample water supplies. Next, human settlements provided the foundation for development. Native Americans traversed the area with trails that established the pattern for most of the current road system. European settlers, who came later, founded the City of Ann Arbor and Ann Arbor Township. The city gradually became the dominant social and economic force in the life of the township: it was a magnet for urban growth and a consumer of township land to support that growth. The remaining township territory still has the natural character that made the area attractive for initial settlement. The attractiveness of these features is amplified many times by the fast, easy access provided by the freeway system, to millions of people and thousands of businesses. It is with these historical forces - natural beauty for a living and working environment, ready accessibility to a larger region, and the attraction of a major city on its doorstep - that Ann Arbor Township moves into the final years of the 20th century and into the 21st. The third factor that contributed to the area's growth potential was the major improvements that were made to the transportation system tying the area to much larger economic regions. The railroads created the first dependable and efficient economic connection between the Ann Arbor and Detroit areas and provided a north-south connection to the rest of Michigan and to Toledo. More recently, the freeway system repeated the railroads ' impact on the area of a century earlier, but on a scale many times greater. The primary freeway orientation was east-west, particularly to the southeast Michigan region. A north-south orientation was created with construction of the l75/US23 freeway system, from the 9 �PART3 EXISTING CONDITIONS: TI-IE PLANNING AGENDA GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 10 �able to live where they want, without the constraint of commuting time. These factors, together with the attraction of the Ann Arbor area as a place to live and, work, will likely bring pressure to develop in Ann Arbor Township. A number of existing and anticipated conditions will affect Ann Arbor Township. These conditions set the framework for developing the objectives and policies for planning in the ·next 20 years. These are the issues that the general development plan is designed to meet. 3. There is a growing threat of annexation of significant parts of Ann Arbor Township by the City of Ann Arbor. Expansion of the city to the south and southeast is blocked by urbanized areas in Pittsfield Township. Expansion to the east is prevented by existing development in PA #5 (although large developments, such as the Technology Park and Domino's Farms, might be vulnerable to annexation because there are no residents there to oppose it). The city is becoming increasingly blocked to the west by development in Scio Township. Expansion to the northwest is prevented to some extent by the Ml4 freeway and the Huron River, as physical barriers, and the Village of Barton Hills. The only remaining area that appears vulnerable is the central part of Ann Arbor Township in the Pontiac Trail and Nixon Road corridors. 1. Ann Arbor Township is located in a major development corridor. The southeast Michigan metropolitan area is growing .westward along the 196 freeway, 16 miles to the north, and west along the 194 and M14 freeway corridors to the Ann Arbor area and beyond. The convergence of the two freeways at the west edge of the City of Ann Arbor increases the strategic position of Ann Arbor Township in terms of development interest. This force is augmented by the north-eastward expansion of the city and the city's perceived need for additional land for development. North-south growth in the US23 corridor between Ann Arbor and Brighton might become a significant force in the next 10 to 20 years. The south end of the corridor is still somewhat dormant in terms of development activity, but is beginning to awaken. Development interest has intensified in the Whitmore Lake area and is substantial in the Brighton area. It is reasonable to expect that this development pressure will eventually fill the corridor between Brighton and Ann Arbor, but that process will not necessarily be complete in the next 20 4. Previous township policy has provided that the only urban part of the township will be the area south of M14, in planning areas # 5 and 7. There is a strong feeling among township officials and residents that the area north of M14 and east of US23, and the northwest part of the township, west and north of Barton Hills, should remain rural in character with low residential densities and some small scale farming operations. Existing low-density residential areas in planning areas # 5, 6, and 7 are expected to remain. years. 2. The township will also be affected by a general trend in the national economy toward continued and, in some cases accelerated, decentralization of urban areas - the scattering of work centers and a large increase in the potential living area that is within a reasonable commuting distance of the work place. A continued increase in working at home will augment this trend. As a result, many people will be 5. The desire to keep the north part of the township in low-density uses might conflict with the township's intention to prevent annexation in that area. Landowners in that vicinity might be willing to annex their land to the city in return for public water and sanitary 11 �sewer services; higher densities of development; and some non-residential uses, such as commercial services. Such patterns and types of development would completely change the existing and desired character of the area. It is reasonable to assume that the city would agree to permit higher densities and non-residential uses north of M14 in return for annexation. Annexation in this area could threaten the physical integrity of the township. the Pontiac Trail and Nixon Road corridors. d. Planning area #4: (Dhu Varren Road area) - A band of largely undeveloped land along the south side of the M14 freeway connected to the remainder of the planning area by Pontiac Trail. Its future use and density of development will be largely determined by existing developments to the south. e. Planning area #5: (PlymouthDixboro Road area) Most of the area has. public water and sanitary sewer services. It is the only part of the township with a wide range of uses, many of which are or will be urban in character. Readily identifiable boundaries are the two freeways and the Huron River at the area's south end. 6. The township is an integral part of the Ann Arbor area; it does not have a developed focal point, such as a central business district, but does have a character that is distinct from the city one of low density, generally open lands, and numerous natural features. The township is, in short, a rural contrast to the much more densely developed city. f. Planning area #6: (Washtenaw Community College area) The community college campus is the predominant feature; small parcels of land are undeveloped. The area is opposite the County service center and a future office park to the south (65 acres), in Pittsfield township. 7. The township is divided into seven parts, each with unique characteristics, for purposes of analysis and planning. These are: a. Planning area (PA) #1: (The Newport area) Between Ml4 and the Huron River; about 25 percent developed with single-family (SF) detached dwellings on one-acre or larger lots. g. Planning area #7: (Huron River area) The area is characterized by single-family dwellings on one acre and larger lots, and two large undeveloped parcels, 47 and 48 acres, adjacent to Arborland shopping center. This area includes single-family residences north of the river, and is surrounded on the west, north, and south by land in the city. b. Planning area #2: - (Barton Hills area) Large lot, SF detached dwellings; rolling to hilly terrain; several large undeveloped parcels. Its principal characteristic is its relative physical isolation from the remainder of the township and from the city, created by the river and the freeways. The area has a limited number of street access points. 8. The seven sub-areas are separated ·from each other by distance and physical barriers. These conditions, and the shape of the township, combine to create a challenge to develop planning policies that will integrate these parts into one, internally focused community. c. Planning area #3: (Warren Road area) North of M14 and east of US23. Scattered rural residences on large lots, but relatively undev~loped; significant wooded and wetland areas. The west part of the area is vulnerable to annexation attempts by the city through 9. At least half of the township planning area has a relatively fixed future land use pattern because of existing 12 �development, lot sizes, and location. Parts of this area are either fully developed or the existing land use pattern sets the stage for the future (as in the case of the Technology Park, Domino's Farms, and several residential developments). Not more than eight square miles of the planning area have alternative land use possibilities, and, in some cases, these alternatives are constrained by the location of the land and surroundmg conditions. plan. Policies in the neighboring part of Ann Arbor Township should consider these policies. 14. Land in the north part of the planning area is well suited for agriculture in terms of soil conditions described by the County Soil Survey. While economic pressures are working against long-term continuation of fulltime farming in this area, small-scale, specialized, and part-time farming operations are possible. Residential development in the same area is the major threat to continued agricultural activity. 10. The future land use pattern along the west edge of the township, in Scio Township, is generally established by existing uses: single-family detached dwellings on one-acre or larger lots. 15. Soils with severe limits for septic tanks and drain fields are not widespread in the part of the township north of M14 east of US23, according to the County Soil Survey. Soils with such limitations are usually associated in this area with wood lots. The positioning of woods and wet soils offers opportunities for continuous open-space systems. Large areas of land also appear to be suitable for residential development using septic tanks and wells. 11. The future land use pattern to the north, in Northfield Township, is not yet established by existing uses. The area on both sides of US23 is generally undeveloped. The Northfield Township plan designates it for agricultural and rural residential uses. However, it will be affected by pressure for development in the US23 corridor. That pressure will impact land use policy in the north part of Ann Arbor Township as well. The area west of US23 north of Barton Hills has some concentration of soils that are not suitable for septic tanks and drain fields, based on the County Soil Survey. These soils constitute an estimated 25 percent of the area. 12. Future land use to the east, in Superior Township, falls into two categories. North of M14, agricultural and rural residential uses predominate; these are also the uses that are designated in Superior Township's general development plan. South of M14, a suburban residential pattern with one-acre and larger lots is generally established by existing development (as in the Tanglewood subdivision), although the older part of Dixboro has smaller lots. University of Michigan property separates the two townships to the south as far as Geddes Road. Further south, the Catherine McAuley Health Services center is the predominant land use. Overall, soils with severe limitations for residential drain fields in planning areas #2 and 3 are scattered in random fashion. These areas are therefore suitable for large lots. 16. The housing stock in Ann Arbor Township prior to 1987 consisted almost entirely of single-family detached dwellings. With the construction of Village Green apartments and condominiums, the housing stock in 1990 included almost 25 percent attached single-family and apartment units. This percentage is likely to 'increase because of similar types of residential de- 13. Protection of the character and quality of life in the Dixboro community is a top priority of Dixboro residents and of the Superior Township 13 �velopments possible in PA #5. The Laurel Gardens condominium development now under construction is an example of attached single-family dwellings (at a density of three dwelling units per acre (3 DUs/acre). 19. Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) population projections for Ann Arbor Township, including Barton Hills Village, show a 2010 population of 5,606 people. The 1990 population of the township was 3,828 people. The projection predicts an increase of 1, 778 people, or 46 percent. However, projections for a relatively small area such as a township, are subject to a large degree of uncertainty. The livability of the Ann Arbor area means that Ann Arbor Township could be developed by the year 2010 to whatever capacity is permitted by the general development plan and zoning ordinance. The rate of growth and densities that will be permitted are the main policy issues. This suggests that the general plan should be prepared for an ultimate population based on land use policies, rather than a projected population. 17. Housing growth for 1970 through 1990 averaged about 42 dwelling units per year, based on · the number of building permits issued. However, multiple-family dwellings comprised 72 percent of the total number of residential permits issued during this period, and all but nine of these permits were issued in just three consecutive years 1987, 1988, and 1989. These units were located in the Village Green and Laurel Gardens developments. If the permits for these two developments are excluded, an average of 12 residential permits were issued per year since 1970. With development interest in Ann Arbor Township, and availability of public water and sanitary sewer service in PA #5, a higher rate of housing unit construction will likely continue for some time. 20. Census data for 1970, 1980, and 1990 show a progressively aging population in Ann Arbor Township. The 020 age group decreased a total of 52 percent over the 20-year period. In contrast, the 21-65 age group increased in both decades, especially in 1980-90, a total of 53 percent. The number of people 65 and older also increased by 64 percent over the 20 years, but comprised only 11 percent of the 1990 population (versus 7 percent in 1970). It is reasonable to expect this population trend to continue. 18. The township's population increased 10 percent between 1970 and 1990. It decreased 1 percent between 1970 and 1980 to 3,445 people, but increased 11 percent between 1980 and 1990 to 3,828 people. The population increase over the 1970-90 period might have been larger except for three factors: a) loss of occupied dwellings to the city by annexation; b) the small number of dwelling units added per year in all but the last four years of this time period, and c) a decrease in the average number of people living in each dwelling unit in the township. The total population of the township is likely to continue to increase in the future because of the additional dwelling units that will be constructed in the planning area. Household size (number of people per dwelling unit) can be expected to stabilize around a number that is not rriuch lower than the current one. (Note: The population numbers include Barton Hills Village.) 21. Census data for 1980 showed Ann Arbor Township residents, to be overwhelmingly employed in professional and professional support positions (84 percent of the employed people), approximately 50 percent of the employed people worked in professional services and public administration. The data also showed a high income population (in 1978 dollars): almost 70 percent of the families earned $30,000 or more in 1978 (compared to 40 percent in Washtenaw County), and the median family income was $40,000 in com- 14 �pared to $25,500 in the County. These occupational and income characteristics are likely to continue because of the type of work available in the Ann Arbor area, the nature of the township's housing stock, the existing character of the area, and expected socio-economic characteristics of people migrating into the township. 1984, proposed conversion of the Plymouth Road/US23 interchange to a full directional design to eliminate left turns to and from Plymouth Road. The traffic assignment that was made for the PA #5 amendment showed that the projected traffic volumes in the interchange area would require this improvement. This conclusion still appears to be valid. 22. The existing street system and traffic patterns in the Ann Arbor area create a number of important issues to be e. The PA #5 amendment to the previous general development plan proposed an interchange at Dixboro Road and Ml4 to provide access to PA #5 and the northeast part of the city from the east and northeast, and to relieve traffic pressure on Plymouth Road in the Dixboro community. The interchange would, however, increase traffic flows on both Dixboro Road south of M14 and on Ford Road between Dixboro and Earhart Roads. It would also open the land area north of the freeway to increased development pressure. Michigan Department of Transportation (MOOT) owns the right of way for this interchange. resolved. a. The Geddes/Dixboro/Huron River Drive route is carrying traffic volumes that are at or over the roads' capacities. The capacity problem is aggravated by the proximity of the Geddes/Dixboro intersection to the US23 interchange, the Huron River, and the railroad crossing; the Geddes/Dixboro/Huron River Drive intersections which are in an area of horizontal and vertical curves; and a large number of turns in the intersections. Funds have not been allocated for design of new corridor facilities, and financing for construction does not appear to be available in the near future. f. Road access to the northwest part of the township, PA #2, is restricted by the Huron River, railroad tracks, and freeways. The area has only two access points from the city to the south and both are substandard. Maple Road is limited in capacity by the one-lane Foster Bridge and the grade level railcrossing just south of the bridge. Whitmore Lake Road is connected with North Main Street by Ml4, but traffic must merge with freeway traffic for a short distance on the bridge. Barton Drive and Pontiac Trail provide an alternate route, but it is more circuitous from the central and west parts of the city. b. Upgrading the Geddes/US23 interchange to a full directional interchange is needed to eliminate the congestion caused by the large number of turns to and from the ramps. Additional right of way might be required, but will be difficult to obtain in the northeast quadrant because of the Village Green development. c. Hogback Road is basically an extension of Dixboro Road to Washtenaw Avenue, and to Carpenter Road further south. The alignment is not a smooth one, however, because its continuity is broken by the Dixboro/Geddes intersection and the at-grade rail road crossing. The road is currently operating close to its capacity limit. g. The Foster Bridge is a major limitation for access to the area north of the river because it is only one lane wide. The bridge provides access to Barton Hills and the northwest part of Ann Arbor Township, as well as the neighboring parts of Scio, Webster, and Northfield Townships. Continued residential d. The PA #5 amendment to the general development plan, adopted in 15 �development in the Maple Road area will eventually require a new bridge at least two lanes wide. the interests of the Road Commission, postal service, police and fire services, and school bussing could be protected. h. Maple Road provides access to the growing residential area described above. Paving will eventually be needed and might require removal of trees and brush in the right of way. m. The city's recently adopted transportation plan has httle overall impact on Ann Arbor Township, although park-and-ride lots could have significant specific site impacts. The elements in the plan that affect the planning area are proposed in the Plymouth Road corridor. These include express bus service on Plymouth Road west of Dixboro Road and provision of park-and-ride lots in the general area of the Dixboro/Plymouth and Earhart/ Plymouth intersections. The plan also proposes improvements to Dhu Varren Road. i. Joy Road is proposed as a segment of a north ring road in the Urban Area Transportation Study (UATS) street plan. Paving and elimination of the offset in the intersection at Whitmore Lake Road will be required if the road is to perform this function. j. Realignment of Earhart Road between Plymouth Road and the US23 overpass, as proposed in the area plan for the Ann Arbor Technology Park and the PA #5 amendment to the general development plan, is still needed. Construction of the realigned road will be the responsibility of the developer of the Technology Park. 23. The existing conditions regarding public water and sanitary sewer services in Ann Arbor Township suggest the following policy issues. a. Pressure will likely increase to allocate any sanitary sewer capacity that might be considered "excess" in PA #5 to other parts of the township, especially those areas that are not included in the official service area. It is also likely that the demand for additional sewer service will exceed the excess capacity that might be available in the township's total allocation in the waste water treatment plant. k. Extension of Clark Road from Hogback Road west to Huron Parkway has been proposed in various plans for a number of years. The extension would abut the south line of Ann Arbor Township east of US23, but the segment west of US23 would curve slightly to the north. The extension would have a significant impact on the layout of possible development of the vacant land north of Arborland shopping center. The feasibility and cost effectiveness of the extension, and therefore its need, has not been proven. b. There is a question as to the amount of sewage treatment Ann Arbor Township is entitled to in the facilities plan for the Ann Arbor area waste water treatment plant. The plan clearly allocates 1.65 million gallons/day (mgd) to the township in districts 3A and 5A, as defined in the facilities plan. Ann Arbor Township officials believe the facilities plan provides the township with capacity in districts 4 and 5C, as well. (See Section 6.07A and Map 7.) 1. Continued development in PA #5 and construction of an interchange at Dixboro Road, if accomplished, would increase pressure to improve Ford Road as a collector road between Dixboro and Earhart Roads. Improvement would require grading and removal of some of the existing trees and brush in the right of way. Breaking the continuity of the road might be considered as a way of avoiding major improvements, provided c. A utilities plan is an important element in the revised general development plan. It must be correlated with the land use plan. It is essential 16 �24. The entire area is in the Ann Arbor public school district. All existing schools that serve the planning area are located in the city; and there are no active plans to construct public schools in the planning area. that public utilities be planned to serve only those parts of the township in which township policies designate densities of development and uses that will require and support public services. d. The Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority (YCUA) is a possible alternate source of water and sanitary sewer services, if costs of extensions are feasible. It is reasonable to expect that an alternate source of water supply will eventually become necessary because of the limitations in the water service contract with the city and the city's own capacity limitations in its water treatment system. 25. The township's administrative office in the township hall was recently expanded. The new office area is expected to be sufficient to serve township government needs through 2010. The administrative center will therefore remain at its present location. 26. The township has two fire stations and these provide adequate coverage to all parts of the planning area. No additional fire stations are expected to be needed through 2010. e. The township should develop a policy regarding use of packaged waste water treatment plants. The township could face pressure for use of such sys. terns. Such plants might be a viable alternative for providing central sewer services to areas outside the official public sanitary sewer service area. It is possible that one or more of these plants could be used in various parts of the township, under ownership and management of the Utilities Department. They would add flexibility to the land use planning process because they would remove the restrictions that soil conditions place on development densities. In this situation, the character desired for an area, as established in the · general plan, would become more important in determining future land uses and densities than soil conditions and percolation tests. 27. All existing and likely future residential areas in the township planning area are located within two to three miles of major commercial centers on Plymouth Road, Washtenaw Avenue, and Maple Road. These centers provide complete coverage of the existing and potential market in the planning area and, with the exception of the proposed service center in the Technology Park, are more than sufficient, in terms of location, retail floor area, and range of goods and services offered, to meet existing and future needs of township residents. In addition, motels, restaurants, gas stations, and other highway commercial services are fully developed at the Washtenaw Avenue and Plymouth Road interchanges on US23. These service areas are only three miles apart and meet the needs of motorists on US23. Therefore, additional highway commercial services are not needed in the Geddes Road/US23 and Plymouth Road/US23 interchange areas. f. Provision of public water and sanitary sewer services might be used by the city as a lever for encouraging, or as a means of forcing, annexation of township land, especially in the area north of M14, as discussed above in item #5. To the extent that this occurs, protection of the township's territorial integrity might require that the township be able to provide public water and/or sanitary sewer services to certain key areas. 17 �PART4 OBJECTIVES GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 18 �Objectives are the heart of the general plan. They form the context for the plan's overall strategy and are the measures against which policies are evaluated. Objectives are derived from knowledge of the citizens' desires for their community and the Planning Commission's assessment of the existing and future conditions that the township faces. qu~ity of life, not only for township residents, but for city residents as well. In order to achieve this rural vision the to~nship must. remain a viable political entity, .and, m order to remain so , . an~exation attempts by the city must be res1s!ed, except as might be provided for m a boundary agreement, if one co~ld. be negotiated. A planning obJective of the township is, therefore to ac~ieve a perman~nt and equitabl; cessation of annexation of township lands by the City of Ann Arbor. Th_e ~rder of listing of the following obJ~tiv~s does not reflect or imply relative importance. • PrE:5!rve Ann .Arbor Township as a political entity. The primary objective of the plan is to support the Township Board's efforts to preserve the te~torial integrity of Ann Arbor Town~h1p. Territorial integrity is essential for the preservation and future development of the township. Since its founding, the City of Ann Arbor has exp~ded its boundaries by annexing portions of the surrounding townships. Today, less than half the original area of Ann_ Arbor Township remains in the township. Unchecked city expansion through annexa~ion will eventually cause the township to cease to exist or to ~rbanize itself as a means of defense. Neither outcome would be in the best interest of either the citizens of the township or the city. The township wishes to retain a largely rural character when it is fully d~vel~ped whil~ a~commodating a d1vers1ty of residential, commercial, office, research, and recreational uses. T~e lo~ ~pulation density associated ~1th this v1s1on would not require costly infrastructure and would not significantly increase demand for municipal services and amenities. Large green belt areas, either devoted to agriculture or rural residences will provide habitat ~or ~imal and pl~t life that cannot survive m an urban setting even in urban parks. The presence of ~ tranquil, rural setting close to the center of a large urban area will improve the • Preserve the township's rural character. The rural character that is unique to Ann Arbor Township should be preserved, not only to maintain the township's territorial integrity but also to preserve its identity. That' character ~efines _A~n Arbor Township and gives 1t a umfymg force. It is characterized by large open areas, some of which are actively farmed, and natural features such as woods, wetlands and strea~ corridors. It is accentuated'by proximity to and contrast with the more densely developed land in the city. The north end of the township - planning areas #2 and 3 - offers the opportunity to preserve the rural character. Even . the urban development in planning area #5 has a very low density for the types of non-residential uses that exist there and are planned for the futur~. ~oth the Technology Park and Dommo s Farms were designed to have an open, almost rural setting, even though they are urban uses. Domino's Farms was conceived as a rural setting: . two office buildings are surrounded by crop and pasture land that is actively used. Thus, the rural concept was cont~nued even ~n this area. The high density of the Village Green residential complex is somewhat modified by the proximity of a large expanse of open space to the east in the University of Michigan's Radrick Farms land. • Preserve natural featu res. Existing natural features - woodlands , 19 �• Road improvements should support land use policies. Future road improvements should be fully integrated with, and supportive of, the township's land use policies. Planning for traffic flows and necessary road improvements should be consistent with transportation policies of the Ann Arbor Ypsilanti urban area. Road improvements should respect natural features, especially trees and brush, and the natural character of the road corridors. Existing residential areas should be protected from road widenings and realignments. The major traffic problems that should be resolved are: 1) improvements in the Geddes/Huron River Drive corridor, 2) improvements to Dixboro Road, between Plymouth Road and Huron River Drive, and 3) improved access to the northwest area (PA #2). wetlands, stream corridors, and, in some cases, fence rows - should be protected and preserved. They should be respected in farming operations, in daily living on rural residential properties, and in development planning and construction. These features are important as visual amenities and are critical elements in sustaining the rural character of the township. Most communities, especially townships, have these features to varying degrees, but the patterns that they collectively create are unique to each community. So .it is with Ann Arbor Township. Its natural features play a vital part in establishing the township's character and identity. Protection and preservation of these features have an even more important purpose: they are vital elements in the natural system. They perform many interconnected functions. Disruption of one can have adverse effects on others and subtract something from the quality of life in both the township and city. • Protect existing residences from new development. Existing residential areas should be protected from potentially adverse impacts of new development. While higher density residential development, and even non-residential development, might be inevitable in certain areas that are close to existing residences, land use policies should be designed to create a secure, stable environment for existing residences. • Encourage farming operations. Farming operations, such as cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and crops and non-intensive raising of fowl and livestock, should be provided for and encouraged in Ann Arbor Township, where feasible. Such operations would serve an important market need in the nearby urban area and provide a useful balance and contrast to the more intensely developed urban area. They would also provide important economic support for the objective of preserving the township's rural character. 20 �PARTS STRATEGY GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 21 �agriculture. The area is defined by Stein and Warren Roads on the south, Gleaner Hall Road on the east, and township lines on the north and west. Agricultural uses will include cultivation of fruits and vegetables and nonintensive raising of fowl and livestock. Single-family detached residences will also be permitted in conjunction with agricultural operations or as alternate uses, but only at a very low density, consistent with an agricultural environment. Clustering of residences will be encouraged in this area to preserve the maximum amount of land in an undeveloped condition for agricultural purposes. The strategy underlying the general development plan derives from the conditions that have or will have significant impact on Ann Arbor Township. The strategy also derives from the objectives that have been established for the plan. It consists of a number of elements that, individually or together, create the context for the policies that follow in Part 6. These elements are listed below, .not in order of importance. 1. A distinct separation of rural, suburban, and urban areas and uses will be encouraged by using physical elements as dividers. East of Whitmore Lake Road, the M14 freeway will be used as the divider between suburban/urban and rural use areas. The Ford Road residential area, which is south of M14, is an exception because it is an established large-lot, lowdensity, rural residential area. The Huron River will be used as the dividing element west of Whitmore Lake Road. A mixture of small-scale farming and rural residential uses is intended for PA #3, generally east of the line formed by Pontiac Trail and Gleaner Hall Road. 5. The township recognizes the reality of the court-ordered mobile home park rezoning on the north · side of Warren Road, east of US23. This case was decided in circuit court in the early 1970s, in favor of the mobile home park, and the township lost its subsequent appeals. While it recognizes the courts' decisions, the township believes that the density represented by the mobile home park was totally inconsistent with the rural character of the area. The township still views the area as rural in character and expects it to remain so. Therefore, the township will permit the mobile home park to develop, but only because of the court order, and will not recognize the park as a precedent for other urban uses and densities in the area north of M14 and ·east of US23. 2. Public water and sanitary sewer services will be used to support the distinction between urban/suburban and rural use areas. These services will be provided only in the designated urban and suburban parts of the planning area. Central services will not be provided in the designated rural areas. (The Village of Barton Hills is an exception; it already has a water distribution system and has reserved 0.12 million gallons per day (mgd) in the Ann Arbor area waste water treatment plant.) 3. There are several low-density residential areas in the designated urban area that have a rural or suburban setting. These areas south of the Ml4 freeway, east of Whitmore Lake Road, will be protected from encroachment by urban uses and densities in order to preserve their existing character. 6. The Ann Arbor Technology Park and Domino's Farms areas were thoroughly studied prior to approval of each development. The previous general plan was amended to accommodate each project. Each development was approved as a special zoning district; therefore, each approved rezoning petition included an area plan. The 4. The northwest part of Ann Arbor Township will be preserved for very low-density, rural uses - primarily 22 �policies set forth in those area plans (except for changes in some of the policies for the service center in the Technology Park; see Section 6.03) are still considered to be valid and are included in this general plan in their approved forms. tures will be preserved when land is developed and will be used to maintain, and where necessary, create, a connected open space system. These features, together with large open areas and very low-density uses, give the township its unique character vis-a-vis the city. They are used in the plan to provide a visual and physical structure to the planning area, as a basis for preserving the township's character. 7. The existing low-density and rural residential areas have undeveloped lands within them or in their. general vicinities. Development of these lands will be consistent with existing densities and character; densities and uses on such lands will not be permitted to upset the stability of the existing areas. 12. The general development plan is designed for a population capacity that is consistent with existing conditions, objectives, and use and density policies. The plan is not designed for a projected population. 8. There are several undeveloped areas in Ann Arbor Township that are located south of the boundary between rural and suburban/urban areas. These areas will have suburban or urban residential development, which will be consistent with existing uses and densities in the neighboring areas. 13. The existing land use patterns and future land use policies in adjacent townships - Scio, Northfield, and Superior - will be recognized in formulating policies for Ann Arbor Township. 14. Areas outside the designated public water and sanitary sewer service boundary will be served by on-site wells and septic tanks/drainfields. This strategy, however, does not preclude the use of engineered sewage treatment or disposal systems in these areas in lieu of septic tanks and drain fields. 9. Ann Arbor Township has faced continuous pressure from the City of Ann Arbor over the years to annex parts of the township. One of the elements of the strategy of this plan is to stabilize this situation for the purpose of preserving the territorial integrity of the township within its present boundaries. The township will encourage landowners to keep their land in Ann Arbor Township; it will pursue negotiations with the city to reach an agreement on a permanent city/township boundary line; and will, when necessary, protect its interest by court action. 15. The major non-residential uses commercial, office, and research and development - are all designated in PA #5. They are not designated for any other part of the township, except the industrial area in the triangle formed by M14, Pontiac Trail, and the railroad track. The entire planning area is within an existing market area of one or more ·established commercial centers. Therefore, no additional commercial land is considered to be needed and none is designated in the plan. 10. Ann Arbor Township will cooperate with UATS and the City of Ann Arbor to solve the transportation problems in the Plymouth and Geddes Road corridors. Vehicular access to the northwest part of the township should be improved. ll. Ann Arbor Township has numerous areas with natural features such as woodlands, wetlands, fence rows, and stream/drainage corridors. These fea- 23 �PART6 POLICIES GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 24 �SECTION 6.01 AGRICULTURAL AREA POLICIES 2. The minimum lot area for each unit shall be one-half acre. A. The northwest corner of the township, north of Stein Road and west of US23 (the north part of PA #2), and the area north of Warren Road, east of US23 on both sides of Gleaner Hall Road (except the land in the court order for the mobile home park), in the northwest corner of PA #3, are designated for agricultural use. The total area ·so designated is 1,331 acres (1,078 acres west of US23; 253 acres east). 3. Each lot shall have at least one line that abuts land in the commonly owned agricultural area. F. Public water and sanitary sewer services will not be extended into the designated agricultural area. Smallscale, common waste water treatment plants and common water supply wells may be used for rural residences in the area if approved by the Township Board and the County Health .Department. Such systems will be permitted only within the rural residential density limit of the agricultural area, namely 1 DU/10 acres, and only as part of a Planned Unit Development (PUD) or other special zoning district. B. These lands are predominantly in agricultural use, have productive soils, and are generally held in large parcels. The township intends to preserve the option for landowners to use these lands for agricultural purposes. Rural residences are considered compatible with this intent, provided the rural residential policies in this part of the plan are met. G. Zoning will be the primary means of protecting the designated agricultural area. The PUD zoning district, or a similar special zoning district created specifically for this area, will be used for clustering rural residences. C. Agricultural uses that are considered acceptable in the designated agricultural area, and compatible with rural residences in and around that area, are the cultivation of crops, nonintensive raising of livestock and fowl, pasture lands, and specialty farming. H. New development in areas abutting the designated agricultural area will be required to provide a buffer of land and landscaping on the non-agricultural lands, along the common lines as a means of separating uses. Existing vegetation and other natural features may be used to provide the required buffers. D. A minimum lot area of ten acres should be required for the smallest farming operations. Rural residences may be clustered on smaller lots. E. In order to preserve as much land in agricultural use as possible,. ~d yet permit the landowner to ut1hze the allotted residential density, rural residences may be clustered on smaller lots. The remaining land in the total parcel would be in common ownership for agricultural use by the owners or for lease to farm operators. Clustering of rural residences will be permitted in accordance with the policies in Section 6.02 of this plan and those that follow: I. Existing natural features in the agricultural area, such as wood lots, stream corridors, fence rows, and wetlands, should be preserved. They · should not be modified or removed for the purpose of converting such land to crop land or other land for farming operations. J. The township will encourage Northfield Township to adopt policies and regulations that will help preserve agricultural uses in the southwest corner of that township, opposite the 1. Each dwelling shall be a detached, single-family unit. 25 �TABLE 1 FUTURE LAND USES ANN ARBOR CHARTER TOWNSHIP PLANNING AREA Area (Acres) Percent of Total Area Agriculture 1,331 10.6 Residential: < 0.2 DU/acre 0.2-0.5 DU/acre 0.5-1.0 DU/acre 1-2 DUs/acre 2-4 DUs/acre 4-6 DUs/acre >6 DUs/acre 2,448 1,837 1,059 772 882 196 52 19.5 14.7 8.5 6.2 7.0 1.6 0.4 Commercial 35 0.3 Office Park 326 2.6 Research Park 683 5.5 22 0.2 1,207 9.6 Institutional, Quasi Public 417 3.3 Huron River 460 3.7 Freeway Right of Way 707 5.6 Railroad Right of Way 84 0.7 Land Use Class Industrial Parks, Open Space 12,518 acres 100.0 Road rights of way, except the rights of way of freeways, are included in the acreages of adjacent land uses. �designated agricultural area in Ann Arbor Township. • 2 to 4 DUs/acre: low density •4 to 6 DUs/acre: medium density K. Limited agricultural activities will be permitted in areas designated for rural residential use, on lots five acres or larger. The type and extent of activities will depend on lot size; they could range from the raising of one small farm animal or intensive cultivation of a cash crop, such as berries, to all the uses permitted in the designated agricultural area, if the parcel were large enough. Such agricultural activities are considered to be compatible with rural residences, if the uses and lot sizes are in balance. •6 high density B. The rural residential area will not have public water or sanitary sewer services. The less than 0.2 DU/acre and the 0.2 to 0.5 DU/acre classes are intended for residences and certain agricultural activities that may be compatible with residences at a low density, such as small-scale farming and nonintensive livestock raising. The residential areas are located in areas of similar existing lot sizes. The 0.5 to 1.0 DUs/acre class is a transitional category between rural and urban residential areas, as far as density hierarchy is concerned, but not necessarily in a geographic sense. Lots in this class are considered to be too small for agricultural activities. L. The future mobile home park north of Warren Road, east of US23, is the result of a court order. Ann Arbor Township believes that the park is inconsistent with sound land use principles and with Ann Arbor Township policies. This decision is considered by the township to be an isolated event and will not be used as a precedent for permitting the intrusion of higher density residential uses into the agricultural or rural residential areas. C. The urban residential classes require central water and sanitary sewer services and are located in areas in which these services will be provided. The 1 to 2 and 2 to 4 DUs/acre classes are both located in primarily singlefamily detached areas, although singlefamily attached dwelling units are possible in 2 to 4 DUs/acre areas as well. These classes are located in areas in which dwellings at similar densities currently exist. SECTION 6.02 RESIDENTIAL AREA POLICIES A. The plan designates three major classes of residential areas based on density - rural, suburban, and urban. The rural and suburban classes consist of three sub-classes: The 4 to 6 DUs/acre class is for medium density residences, such as single-family attached dwellings, mobile home parks, townhouses, and low-density multiple-family dwellings. The · high-density class is intended primarily for multiple-family type dwelling units. • less than 0.2 DUs/acre: 5 acre or larger lots (rural) • 0.2 to 0.5 DUs/acre: 2-5 acre lots (rural) • 0.5 to 1 DUs/acre: (suburban) + DUs/acre: 1-2 acre lots D. Residential areas are designated in terms of density, .rather than type of dwelling unit or residential building type (single-family detached or attached, multiple-family dwelling, etc.). However, the density ranges do relate to certain types of dwelling units; for example, the rural residential classes The urban residential classification consists of four subclasses: 1 to 2 DUs/acre: low density 26 �are primarily single-family detached dwellings, and the high density class is primarily multiple-family dwellings. Density transfer might create a net density on a parcel of land within a density class that will be high enough to result in a change in dwelling unit type. An ex.ample is a concentration of density on one part of a site that is designated for rural residential use such that attached, rather than detached, single-family dwellings would be necessary to achieve the permitted number of dwelling units. G. The following guidelines should be used to determine the acreage for estimating the number of dwelling units that the general development plan intends for an area or parcel of land. 1. Street rights of way, existing or proposed, and rights of way or easement areas for major electrical transmission lines or oil or gas pipelines should not be included. 2. Wetlands regulated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) should generally not be included; however, up to 50 percent of the regulated wetland area may be included if the Planning Commission determines that it is necessary to permit a reasonable use of the property. E . A variety of dwelling units, in terms of types, sizes, and cost ranges, should be provided in Ann Arbor Township. This will insure a choice of dwelling unit types and prices and a socioeconomic mix of the population. F. The number of dwelling units that will be permitted on a parcel of land will be based on the estimated gross acreage and the assumed gross density of each residential area shown on the Residential Areas Plan (Map 5). Some of this designated future residential area might include land that should be retained as open space. In such cases, the number of dwelling units that would otherwise be permitted in the open space areas might be transferred to other parts of the designated residential area that are suitable for development in order to preserve the open space area in an undeveloped condition. Transfer of density should meet certain standards set forth in this plan and in the zoning ordinance, and could result in a concentration of dwelling units that would require housing types different than those suggested by the gross density designation. This will be acceptable as long as open space is preserved, the overall density limit is not exceeded, and the resulting residential development is compatible with existing neighboring residential areas. The PUD form of zoning district will be used to accomplish density transfer. 3. Land within a 100-year flood hazard area should not be included, except to the extent that regulations adopted by Ann Arbor Township for flood hazard areas permit certain uses. 4. Lands to be purchased for public use should not be included; lands to be dedicated for public use should be included . (This does not include street rights of ways as discussed above in #1.) 5. Land area required to expand rights of way of streets existing at the date of adoption of this plan, in accordance with the standards of this plan, may be included. 6. Lands that have soil conditions for which the County Health Department will not issue permits for septic tanks · and drain fields should not be included. If, however, an on-site waste water treatment system or a system serving the general area is approved by the Township Board and the County Health Department, the subject land area may be included, provided density standards are met. H . A property owner may transfer density allocated to one part of the 27 �result of clustering, and if County Health Department permits can be obtained. In rural areas, each lot in a cluster should have at least one lot line abutting open space. Clustering of residential lots or dwelling units will also be encouraged in urban residential areas within overall density limits established in the general development plan. owner's land holdings to another part, provided: 1. All lands are located in Ann Arbor Township, are contiguous, and the owner has fee simple title to the lands. 2. The total number of dwelling units allocated to the owner's total land area involved will not be exceeded. L. Residential areas should be organized around an interior street system and away from major streets. Dwelling units or lots should not have direct driveway access to major streets. 3. The transfer is made as a part of PUD or similar special zoning district that includes all land involved in the transfer. 4. The area from which the density is taken has at least the minimum density remaining that can support central water and sanitary sewer services, where such services are available or will be provided in the future, or that adequate water and sewer payments will be made in lieu of the minimum required density. M. Residential areas should be interconnected by local streets and pedestrian/bicycle paths or sidewalks, where such interconnections will not adversely affect adjacent residential areas (because of differences in density or building types). This policy is intended to promote a physically integrated community. Future street and pedestrian path connections should be provided as required to create an integrated circulation system. 5. The parcel of land receiving the transferred density will, with the additional dwelling units, be compatible with the existing or planned use of the surrounding area. N. All new dwelling units in designated urban residential areas should be connected to central water and sanitary sewer systems. (See Sections 6.07A and I. Natural features should be preserved in residential areas to the maximum extent feasible. Residential areas should be organized around natural features. B.) 0. Affordable housing should be encouraged in Ann Arbor Township. Such housing should be an integral part of larger residential neighborhoods with all amenities and public services that are commonly available to other residential areas. This policy is intended to provide a decent and pleasant living en·vironment for all residents, to avoid isolating lower cost housing areas from other parts of the community, to avoid excessive geographic concentration of people in one socioeconomic group, and to provide an opportunity for a population mix that will result in stable residential neighborhoods. J. New residential development should be compatible with existing residences, in terms of density, lot sizes, and building types. Existing sound and stable residential areas should be protected. In areas in which a change in land use or density is planned in or adjacent to an established residential area, density gradation, buffer uses or areas and natural features should be used to create a gradual transition. K. Clustering of residential lots or dwelling units will be encouraged in rural areas, provided natural features or agricultural land can be preserved as a P. Senior citizen dwelling units should be permitted in any area, provided the 28 �dences in the area and to serve as a transition to the agricultural area to the north and west. density and dwelling unit types are compatible with the character of the area as expressed in the general development plan. The portion of PA #2 north of Stein Road, with the exception of the northwest corner, is designated for agricultural use. While the primary use of that area is intended to be farming and other agricultural activities, rural residences should also be permitted as primary uses at a density of 1 DU/10 acres. However, the units should be clustered on much smaller lots through density transfer in order to maximize the area of land that will remain in agricultural use. The northwest corner is designated for rural residential use at a maximum density of 0.2 DUs/acre. Clustering of dwelling units is encouraged in this area as well. Q. Manufactured housing will be permitted on individual lots outside mobile home parks in all areas in which single-family detached dwellings are permitted. Such units, however, should be required to meet certain standards to assure their fit into the established or planned character of the larger area. Such standards should include attachment to a permanent foundation wall, removal of wheels, minimum dimensions, roof type and lines, exterior finish materials, and compliance with standards of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. R. Planning Area # 1 consists of two residential areas. The existing area, west of Newport Road, has one acre or larger lots with on-site wells and septic tanks/drainfields. This is a stable residential neighborhood and will continue. The area is designated for suburban residential use at a density of 0.5 to 1 DU/acre to reflect existing conditions. T. Most of PA #3 is designated for rural residential use at a density of less than 0.2 DU/acre (5 acre and larger lots). This is the established and prevailing density in the area. The west end of PA #3 is designated for slightly higher density - 0.2 to 0.5 DU/acre along the north segment of Pontiac Trail and 0.5 to 1 DU/acre in the vicinity of the Warren Road/Pontiac Trail intersection . In both areas, the designated densities reflect existing lot sizes. The undeveloped part of PA #1 is designated for low-density urban residential use at a density of 1 to 2 DU/acre. This density is similar to the existing residential area east of Newport Road. The area is entitled, as part of Ann Arbor Township, to public sanitary sewer service. The land in the court order for the mobile home park, 95 acres, located on the north side of Warren Road and the east side of US23, is designated for medium density residential use (4 to 6 DUs/acre). This designation is made in compliance with the court order. It does not represent Ann Arbor Township's ·policy for land use or density for the area and does not, in the opinion of the township, represent sound land use planning policy. This designation will not be used as a precedent for land use and density policies for the general area and will not be considered a precedent for zoning changes for residential densities that are higher than designated in this plan, or for zoning changes for non-residential uses. S. PA #2 consists of suburban and rural residential uses at various densities. The area south of Dhu Varren Road between US23 and Whitmore Lake Road is designated for a density of 0.5 to 1 DU/acre, similar to the density of the existing residential area along Dhu Varren Road. The area north, to Warren Road, as well as the residential areas to the west, south of Stein Road, including Barton Hills Village, are designated for a density of 0.2 to 0.5 DUs/acre (2 to 5 acre lots) to be consistent with existing lot sizes and resi- 29 �Ford Road. Density transfer may be used in this area but the transfer must ~e consistent with policies for preserving the natural features and character of the area. U. The west end of PA #4 contains an existing residential area of one-acre and larger lots and is designated in the 0.5 to 1.0 DU/acre density class. The remainder of _the \\'.est part, presently undeveloped, is designated for low-density urban residential use, 2 to 4 DUs/acre to be consistent with existing residentiai development to the south and east in the city. The Ayrshire subdivision, located south of Plymouth Road between the old and new. Earhci!1 Roads, is an existing residential neighborhood of single-family detached dwellings. It is almost completely developed with lots approximately one acre in size, and is designated for suburban residential use at a density of 0.5 to 1 DU/acre. This is a stable residential neighborhood that should be preserved. Preservation will requir: buffer u_ses or landscape screening along its boundaries on neighbo~n_g properties to protect it from existing and future non-residential uses to the south and east. Public water and sanitary sewer services are not intended for this area but are available if needed to replace on-site systems that might fail. The east part is designated for low-density urban residential use, 2 to 4 DUs/acre, west of Nixon Road to be consistent with existing residential development to the west. The area east of Nixon Road is designated for medium density use, 4 to 6 DUs/acre to be cons~stent with neighboring lan<l' uses in the city. Both the east and west parts of PA #4 except the existing suburban residentiai area in the northwest corner, will have p~blic water and sanitary sewer services. The area between existing Earhart Roa~, US23, and Plymouth Road, approximately 70 acres, is designated for urban residential use at a density of 2 to 4 DUs/acre. The low area should be retained as open space, with density transferred to higher ground. The low l~d is subject to water ponding by offsite surface water runoff. Development of this area should be preceded or accompanied by improvements that will remove the drainage problem. Access to the area should be limited to Earhart Road. V. The residential density pattern in PA #5 is largely established by two factors - existing residential development and availability of public water and sanitary sewer services in most of the area. The area north of Ford Road is designated for rural residential use at a density of 0.2 to 0.5 DU/acre (2-5 ~ere !ots). 1:he area is mostly developed m this density range. Public water and sanitary sewer services are not intended for this area. The residential area between Ford and Plymouth roads is designated for lowdensity urban residential use at a density of 1 to 2 DUs/acre. This area is undev_eloped,_ _has signifi_cant topographic vanation, and is partially wooded. Dwelling units should be located in a manner that will preserve as much of the natural features and character as possible. The type and net density of dwelling units along Ford Road should be compatible with the rural residential character of the area north of The area between the T~hnology Park, Plymouth Road, and Dixboro Road is undeveloped and is designated for lowdensity urban residential use at a density of 2 to 4 DUs/acre. The swale corridor and wooded area should be pres:rved by transferring density to the higher and more open parts of the site. The small, existing residential area on the west side of Dixboro Road between Arrowhead and Woodridge Drives is 30 �developed with several single-family detached dwellings on one acre and larger lots. This area should remain in !ts_ pre5C:nt use and density. Therefore, It IS designated for suburban residential use at a density of 0.5 to 1 DU/acre. The area should be protected from nonresidential uses in the Technology Park by landscape strips in the park suitable for screenmg and separation of uses. Public water and sanitary sewer services are not planned for this area but are available if needed to replace on-site systems that might fail. should be consistent with these established patterns. The area is designated for suburban residential use at a density of 0.5 to 1 DU/acre to reflect existing conditions. Wetlands and woodlands adjacent to Washtenaw Community College lands should be retained as open space. X. Most of PA #7 is developed with single-family detached dwellings and the density/lot size pattern is established. The western part is designated for low-density urban residential use, at a density of 1 to 2 DUs/acre. On-site water and waste treatment systems or public water and sanitary sewer services may be used in this area. Two areas on the east side of Dixboro Road are designated for low-density urban residential uses. The north area, partially developed with single-family attached dwellings at a density of 3 DUs/acre, is in the 2 to 4 DUs/acre density class. The remainder of this p_ar~l is exJ?CCted to be developed in simtlar fashion. The south area is mostly undeveloped and is designated for low-density urban residential use at a density of 1 to 2 DUs/acre. In both areas the layout of residential complexes should respect the adjacent open space owned by the University of Michigan. The area north of Geddes Road between US23, Dixboro Road, and the south end of the Technology Park is developed with multiple-family dwelling units and attached singlefamily dwellings at a density over 6 DUs/acre. Therefore, the area is designated for high-density urban residential use. The eastern part is mostly developed, except the area north of the Arborland shopping center, west of US23. This area is designated for medium-density urban residential use. The density should be graded down to the west to be compatible with the low-density residential area east of Chalmers Drive, and to the north to protect the wetland. The low area to the north should be retained as open space to buffer the lowdensity area north of Huron River Drive and to preserve the existing natural features. SECTION 6.03 COMMERCIAL AREA POLICIES ~- ~nn Ar~or Township is in a unique situation with respect to commercial land use. It has a full range of existing commercial facilities and services readily available to all its residential areas, existing and future. Each residential part of the township is within a 10-to15 minute driving time of convenience commercial facilities and within a 20to-30 minute driving time of regional commercial facilities. As a result, and with the exception described below, there is no need for the general plan to provide for commercial land use in the township, specifically: The south part of PA #5 between Geddes Road and the Huron River has two residential areas, both designated for rural and suburban residential use. The west part, west of Dixboro Road, is designated for 2 to 5 acre lots. The area east of Dixboro Road is designated for 1 to 2 acre lots. W. The residential parts of PA #6 are mostly developed with single-family detached dwellings. Therefore, the density and lot size patterns are generally established. Fill-in of undeveloped parcels 31 �1. The market area that includes Ann Arbor Township is already adequately served by existing commercial centers. No new facilities are needed for the convenience of existing and future township residents. densely developed, in contrast to the low-density, open space character of the research part of the park, and was to be obviously urban in character. The conditions on which these policies for the service center were based have changed. First, the research part of the Technology Park is developing at a much slower pace than was anticipated. Second, the development that is occurring is much smaller and less dense than was planned. The result of these two conditions is a much smaller employee base, one that is too small to support commercial activity at the present time. If this type and rate of development is projected into the foreseeable future, the employee base will still be too small to support the commercial service center as originally conceived. Third, current information calls into question the soundness of the extent and intensity of uses and buildings originally visualized for the commercial center and the idea that the center could be supported entirely by the Technology Park (and later by the Domino's Farms office park). Current market information suggests, in hindsight, that the original, approved concept was too large. 2. There are no locations in the township, with the one exception, in which new commercial operations would be appropriate since the established commercial centers occupy the key locations. 3. There are no locations in Ann Arbor Township, with the one exception, that are suitable for commercial development, given existing land uses, street patterns, and traffic problems. B. The one exception mentioned above is the service center proposed in the Technology Park. The service center was originally conceived and approved as part of the park's special zoning district, as a facility to serve the establishments in the park. The center was specifically not intended to serve the commercial needs of area residents. It was to have such uses as hotel and conference facilities, restaurants, retail shops, banks, travel services, recreation facilities, office services, and general offices. These uses were intended to support the research and related operations in the park, to provide convenient services for employees and visitors, and to eliminate pressure for commercial and office development on parcels of land neighboring the park, especially along Plymouth Road. The Planning Commission recognizes that because of these changes in conditions, a new set of policies is in order for the commercial center. These are the following: 1. The total area (35 acres) and configuration of the land allocated to the center should remain the same. 2. The loop road and access limitations should remain as originally planned. The center was to be designed as a mall type structure or as an integrated cluster of separate buildings with common parking and pedestrian facilities. It was to be heavily landscaped. A loop road was to be constructed between Earhart Road (relocated) and Plymouth Road along the south and east edges of the center to provide access to the center. Access was to be limited to that road; direct access to Plymouth Road was prohibited. The center was to be 3. The intensity of development should be reduced to be in keeping with current and expected market conditions. 4. A part of the center may be devoted to general retail uses to serve the general area if data are presented to show that a market exists for the addi- 32 �tional commercial floor area. The remainder of the center should be reserved for uses that will support the Technology Park and Domino's Farms complexes. protect the residential character of and setting for the existing residences in the Ayrshire subdivision south of Plymouth Road. The office floor area that would otherwise have been permitted in the buffer area may be transferred to other parts of the office park in accordance with an amended office park zoning district. 5. The center should be a totally integrated development in terms of site and architectural design. The design of the center should be consistent with the principles and standards adopted for the Technology Park; it should be visually integrated with the park. B. An office center of approximately 50 acres is designated for the area east of the commercial center in the Technology Park along Plymouth Road. The office center is intended to provide general office uses and incubator-type facilities for start-up research or high technology companies. It would also house support services for the primary activities in the Technology Park, such as financial services, meeting facilities, medical offices and facilities, data processing and computing centers, printing and publishing services, and laboratory and office equipment services. The office center should be designed as an integrated cluster of buildings with common open spaces, parking, and peclestrian facilities. Vehicular access should be limited to the loop road; the center should not have direct access to Plymouth Road. C. Commercial development on Plymouth Road will be limited to the commercial center in the Technology Park. Strip commercial development will not be permitted on Plymouth Road or on any other road in Ann Arbor Township. The presence of the commercial center in the park will not be recognized as precedent for additional commercial development anywhere in the general vicinity. SECTION 6.04 OFFICE AREA POLICIES A. Domino's Farms office park will continue to be developed according to policies approved for the office park zoning district. It will consist of one long low building, a single high rise building (not to exceed 30 stories) west of the low building, and a large open space and operating farm surrounding the office complex. Uses in the office park include the headquarters facilities of the Domino Pizza corporation; professional and administrative offices; supporting uses for offices in the park; a limited floor area of retail and personal services for employees, visitors, and incidental use by the general public; farming operations and activities; and certain special events. SECTION 6.05 RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL AREA POLICIES Industrial areas in Ann Arbor Township consist primarily of research-type operations. One area is designated for light industrial uses. A. Ann Arbor Technology Park 1. The park should be developed at a low overall density with substantial setbacks and a large amount of Qpen space on each lot. The natural setting should be emphasized. Buildings may be clustered on each lot, which would result in a high net density of development, but would retain much of the open area. Building heights should be related to topography, views, solar access, and impact on neighboring properties. The park currently consists of 290 acres. It may be extended south to Plymouth Road, provided the southernmost 500 feet of the property are held in an undeveloped, landscaped buffer condition. The buffer is intended to help 33 �2. The steep slope areas, drainage corridors, wooded areas, and fence rows should be preserved and made a part of the overall landscape design of the park in accordance with the design standards included in the approved RRA zoning district. is designated for light industrial uses, such as those permitted in the 1-1 and W-1 zoning districts. SECTION 6.06 STREET AND TRANSPORTATION POLICIES A. General Policies for Streets: 3. The park should be developed according to an overall plan with a unified architectural and landscape scheme as provided in the approved RRA zoning district for the park property. 1. Streets should be designed and constructed in accordance with the following functional classification system. This system is consistent with the functional classification system used in the City of Ann Arbor's transportation plan (adopted October 9, 1990). 4. Uses in the park will consist of scientific, business and industrial research operations. Related testing operations, pilot plants, prototype production, and manufacturing operations will also be permitted to support research activities. Commercial and office services needed to support the research and related operations should be located within the park to provide convenience for employees and visitors and to eliminate the pressure for commercial and office development on neighboring parcels outside the park. Such support services should either be located in the commercial or office service centers for the entire park, or in the buildings housing research and related operations. (See Section 6.03B.) Regional Arterials: Provide for regional traffic flows between cities in the region and between cities and major activity areas, such as employment centers, major airports, etc. They have controlled or limited access and a design speed of 45 to 55 mph. In the Ann Arbor area they are all freeways. Major Arterials: Surface streets that serve traffic movements in the Ann Arbor area, primarily between lower level streets and freeway interchanges, between cities in the area, and between the central area of Ann Arbor and outlying areas. Access control is desired , but frequently not possible, on older arterials with developed frontages, but is an objective in new development or major redevelopment. Design speeds are 35 to 45 mph. Their principal function is traffic movement; property access is secondary in importance and to be minimized where possible. 5. Uses in the park should not create dangerous, injurious, noxious, or otherwise objectionable conditions, either within the park or on neighboring properties. 6. Where the park abuts residential properties a buffer should be provided to protect the residences. The buffer may consist of topography, trees, shrubs, and distance. Existing natural features should be utilized as buffers where possible. Minor Arterials: Serve traffic movements within the Ann Arbor area, primarily between major arterials and collector or local streets, and between major parts of the area, such as neighborhoods, employment centers, shopping centers, etc. Design speeds are 30 to 35 mph. 7. Outdoor operations, such as storage, processing, and displays, should not be permitted in the park. Collector Streets: Collect and distribute traffic between origins and destinations B. The area between Pontiac Trail, M14, and the Ann Arbor Railroad track 34 �and the arterial parts of the street system. Design speeds are 20 to 25 mph. existing developments, trees or other vegetation, topography, or other conditions justify a change m standards. 2. All new streets in the planning area should be paved in order to reduce long term maintenance costs. B. Policies for Specific Streets: The following policies 1 through 3 are taken from the City of Ann Arbor "Transportation Plan Update," adopted in 1990. The improvements to the Plymouth and Geddes road interchanges, as proposed in the city's transportation plan, are considered to be the maximum feasible under existing conditions, but will leave both interchanges with capacity deficiencies, based on traffic projections for 2010. The improvements are proposed in the following three stages: 3. Plans for new development should provide for extension of streets to connect with existing or future streets at common boundaries where such extension is determined to be necessary for continuity in the public street system or to provide vehicular access to interior lands. 4. Private streets are discouraged; new streets should be designed and constructed to public standards and dedicated or otherwise conveyed to the County Road Commission. Stage 1 1992-95 Stage 2 1996-2002 Stage 3 2002-10 5. Through traffic should be routed around, rather than through, neighborhoods and other land use areas. Local and through traffic should be separated by the design of the street system. 1. M14 freeway: One lane will be added in each direction between North Main Street and US23 north (stage 3) and two lanes will be added in each direction between US23 north and US23 south (stage 2). 6. Each development will be required to provide its share of street improvements, based on the general development plan. 2. US23 freeway: One lane will be added in each direction between Washtenaw Avenue and M14 (stage 3). 7. The number of driveway openings on arterial streets should be minimized in order to reduce the need for additional lanes and to improve the safety of traffic flow. The number of driveway openings on collector streets might also be limited in certain areas where necessary to obtain the same objectives. 3. The following interchanges will be upgraded to increase capacity and improve traffic flow and safety: Barton Drive/Ml4: East-bound onramps will be improved and off-ramps widened (stage 3). Plymouth Road/US23: Interchange will be rebuilt and partial cloverleaf for directional flow constructed (stage 3). 8. Rights of way should be provided in accordance with the following standards: • • • • Major arterials: 120'-150' Minor arterials: 120' Collector streets: 86' Local streets: 66' Geddes Road/US23: Bridge and offramps will be widened (stage 3); construction of a full interchange will be considered. Variations in these standards, including increases in rights of way, will be considered by Ann Arbor Township where US23/Ml4 Interchanges, north and south, will be rebuilt to accommodate 35 �this increase. The city's plan recommends that a study be made of the corridor in the first stage of the plan to determine its potential to accommodate roadway improvements such as intersection expansion and additional lanes and the feasibility of installing high occupancy vehicle facilities in the Conrail right of way. additional lanes on the two freeways (stage 2). 4. Expansion of the freeways as proposed in the city's transportation plan should not be considered a basis for changing use policies for lands in Ann Arbor Township that abut the freeways. Residential areas, especially suburban and urban areas, should be protected from the freeways by noise barriers. 7. Plymouth Road, a major arterial, was widened in 1991 to four lanes plus turning lanes. The widened road is expected to be sufficient until the year 2003. The city's transportation plan proposes widening the road to six lanes in stage 3. 5. The · Michigan Department of Transportation (MOOT} owns the right of way for an interchange on M14 at Dixboro Road, but has no plans to construct one. The interchange is not proposed in this plan because the need for it has not been demonstrated. The city's transportation planning consultant considered an interchange at this location and found, in its favor, that it would decrease traffic volume on US23 by 15,000 vehicle trips per day (vt/d) and on Plymouth Road by 2,000-8,000 vt/d. On the negative side, however, the interchange would increase traffic volume on Dixboro Road by 15,00020,000 vt/d. The study concluded that the interchange should not be constructed. 8. Dixboro Road should be developed as a minor arterial between Geddes and Joy Roads . It should function as a connecting route between the Plymouth and Geddes/Huron River Drive corridors, and as a collector of traffic from the Technology Park and other adjacent developments for distribution to the two arterial corridors. The road should have a right of way of 86 to 120 feet, with two driving lanes and additional turning lanes at major intersections. The number of access points should be limited. Where necessary, they should be combined in order to limit the number of lanes needed on the road. Access points should be located at least 500 feet from the intersections with Plymouth and Geddes Roads. 6. The Geddes/Dixboro/Huron River Drive route should be developed as a major arterial between US23 and the major traffic generators to the east, such as Washtenaw Community College, Catherine McAuley Health System center, and Eastern Michigan University. It should be designed as a continuous route, and a grade separation should be provided over the Huron River and the adjacent railroad tracks. Access to the south side of Geddes Road between US23 and Dixboro Road should be prohibited; access should be provided by The existing wooded character of the road corridor between Plymouth and Geddes Roads should be retained by a combination of large setbacks and preservation of existing trees. Where existing trees cannot be saved, a program of advance planting of trees and shrubs should be started. Dixboro Road. The city's transportation plan concluded that much of the increase in east-west traffic flow in the Ann Arbor area will be in the Fuller/Geddes corridor and that traffic demand management alone might not be sufficient to accommodate 9. Earhart Road should be extended south from Plymouth Road to the existing Earhart Road overpass at US23. The road should be developed as a minor arterial with a 120-foot right of way 36 �properties and to serve as a feeder route for the major east-west arterials. The road should have a right of way of 120 feet and should be widened to four driving lanes with turning lanes at principal intersections. and four driving lanes south of Plymouth Road. The portion of the road north of Plymouth Road should also have a right of way of 120 feet, but two driving lanes are expected to be sufficient to meet traffic demands in the foreseeable future. The city's transportation plan proposes extension of Clark Road west over US23 to Huron Parkway. Ann Arbor Township does not agree with this proposal because the extension would not divert enough traffic from Washtenaw Avenue or other east-west arterials to justify to the cost of construction, and because it would have adverse effects on the design and development of the land in Ann Arbor Township north of the Arborland shopping center. The existing Earhart Road south of Plymouth Road should be improved as a local road with a right of way of 66 feet and two driving lanes. Design and reconstruction of the existing road should have as one objective the protection of the existing residential area to the east, Ayrshire Subdivision, from traffic impacts. Major, non-residential traffic should be required to use the new, relocated Earhart Road for access to Plymouth Road. Turning controls might be necessary at the existing road's intersection with Plymouth Road for reasons of traffic safety and to maintain maximum traffic flow capacity on Plymouth Road. The intersection with realigned Earhart Road should be reconstructed at 90 degrees. The portion of the existing Earhart Road between the overpass and the intersection with the realigned Earhart Road should not have any driveway openings; access should be provided north of the intersection. 10. Hogback Road should be developed as a major collector between Clark and Dixboro Roads. (The road will be a minor arterial south of Clark Road in Pittsfield Township.) The right of way should be 86 feet with two driving lanes and additional turning lanes at major intersections. The primary function of this section of the road will be to collect traffic from the adjacent areas and Huron River Drive west of the road. Access points should be limited to the minimum number necessary to serve the adjacent properties. 12. Dhu Varren/Green Road should be developed as a minor arterial between Plymouth Road and Pontiac Trail. The principal functions of the road will be to provide connections with Pontiac Trail, Nixon Road (Huron Parkway), Plymouth Road, and Glazier Way, and access to adjacent properties. The Dhu Varren portion should be paved. (The city's transportation plan proposes paving in stage 2). Two lanes with turning lanes at principal intersections should be sufficient for projected traffic by 2010; the right of way should be 120 feet. The intersection at Nixon Road should be realigned to permit continuous east-west traffic flow and safe turns. 13. Nixon Road should be developed as a minor arterial between Plymouth Road and Pontiac Trail. The road's principal functions will be to interconnect Pontiac Trail, Dhu Varren/Green Road, and Plymouth Road; serve as an extension of Huron Parkway; and serve as a connecting route between the central area of the city and the outlying areas in Ann Arbor and Northfield townships. Two paved lanes with turning lanes at principal intersections will be sufficient to carry traffic projected for the year 2010, based on the city's transportation plan. Right of way 11 . Clark Road should be developed as a minor arterial between Hogback and Golfside roads. Its principal functions will be to provide access to Washtenaw Community College, office and apartment complexes and other adjacent 37 �120 feet. The road should be paved when traffic volumes warrant; two lanes with turning lanes should be sufficient to meet traffic needs in the year 2010. The intersection at Whitmore Lake Road should be realigned to permit continuous east-west flow and safe turns. Open drainage should be provided and existing trees in the right of way and adjacent frontages should be preserved. should be 120 feet. An interchange should not be constructed on Nixon Road at M14. 14. Pontiac Trail should be developed as a minor arterial from beyond Joy Road to Beakes Street in the central area of Ann Arbor. The principal functions of this road will be to provide access to the north part of Ann Arbor Township and the north and central parts of the city from M 14 via Barton Drive, provide access to the north part of the township and city from areas north and east of the township, and provide access to properties in the general vicinity. 17. Maple Road should be developed as a collector street between Joy Road and Miller Avenue. The street's principal functions will be to provide access to the northwest part of Ann Arbor Township, Barton Hills Village, and the developing residential areas in the northeast part of Scio Township, as well as to adjacent properties. The right of way should be 86 feet, unless additional width will be needed for drainage purposes. Open drainage should be provided, and existing right-of-way trees and brush should be preserved in Arbor Township to maintain the road's character. The road should be paved, two lanes with turning lanes, when traffic volumes warrant. Access to abutting properties on both sides of the road should be reduced to minimum number required. A two-lane bridge across the Huron River will be needed within the planning period. The road should have a right of way of 120 feet in the township area. Two driving lanes with turning lanes at principal intersections will be sufficient m the township to carry the projected traffic in 2010, based on the city's transportation plan. 15. Whitmore Lake Road should be developed as a minor arterial from Barton Drive north. Its principal functions will be to interconnect major eastwest roads in Ann Arbor and Northfield Townships; serve as a feeder route for the Barton Drive interchange at US23; provide a connecting link between Barton Hills Village, other residential areas, and the central area of Ann Arbor; and access to properties in the general vicinity. The right of way should be 120 feet. Two driving lanes with turning lanes at principal intersections will be sufficient to carry projected 2010 traffic. 18. Huron River Drive west of Hogback Road currently functions as a collector street. It provides a secondary, alternate route between central Ann Arbor and the east-side residential areas and important points further east, such as Washtenaw Community College and the Catherine McAuley Health System center. It will continue to function in this manner, but should not be upgraded to a higher status, nor be widened or otherwise improved or changed to carry more traffic. The existing streetscape and corridor characteristics should be preserved, particularly the wetland south of the road and the river basin area on the north side. 16. Joy Road should be developed as a minor arterial. Its principal functions will be to provide connections between important north-south roads in the Ann Arbor area, such as Whitmore Lake Road, Pontiac Trail and Nixon, Earhart, and Dixboro Roads; serve as an east-west arterial across the north edge of the Ann Arbor area; and provide access to properties in the general vicinity. The right of way should be 38 �\\ q,, \ \ I - ~ ~ j \) STREET PLAN - Major arterial Minor arterial 11111111 Minor collector Land outside Township Planning Area - - - Major collector 'toRTH 0 I Miles 1 I �SECTION 6.07 PUBLIC F ACILITIES POLICIES 19. Warren, Ford, Stein, and Gleaner Hall Roads should remain as rural, local roads, whose principal function will be. to provide access for adjacent prop- A. Sanitary Sewer Services: Ann Arbor Township was a participant in the area-wide planning process for expanding the Arin Arbor area waste water treatment plant in the early-to middle-1970s, and was a signatory to the facilities plan adopted in 1976 for expansion of the plant. The south part of the township, generally south of Ml4 extended west along Stein Road was included in the service area as delineated in the final facilities plan. The service area consists of several sub-areas, . identified as 3A, 4, 5A, and 5C. Portions of Ann Arbor Township are included in each of these sub-areas. A total capacity of 1.65 mgd in the treatment plant was allocated to areas 3A and 5A. This capacity, together with the township's share of the capacity allocated to sub-areas 4 and 5C, constitutes the township's share of the current capacity of the Ann Arbor area waste water treatment plant. erties. C. Policies for Public Transportation: 1:he gene~ pl~ incorporates the poli':1es contained m ~he city's transportation plan for public transportation that apply to Ann Arbor Township. 1. Express bus service should be provided on Plymouth Road between Dixboro Road and the central area of the city, and in the Fuller/Geddes corridor between US23 and the city's central area. 2. A high-occupancy vehicle route should be considered in the Conrail corridor. 3. Park-and-ride lots should be proin the Earhart/Plymouth Dixboro/Plymouth, and Ged~ des/Dixboro intersection areas to support the express bus and high-occupancy vehicle routes. The location and design of each of these lots should be subject to review and approval by Ann Arbor Township. Each lot should fit into its neighborhood environment as a use that is compatible with existing and future residences and other uses. Traffic to and from the lots should not interfere with traffic flow on township streets or require street improvements that are not consistent with the character of the neighborhood or the policies in this plan. vided The facilities plan allocated a capacity of 0.12 mgd for Barton Hills Village as a reserve against a future time when central waste water treatment might be need_ed. Thus, th_e planning area, excluding Barton Hills, has a capacity of 1:53 mgd allocated for facilities planning purposes to sub-areas 3A and 5A plus capacities for the parts of the town~ ship located in sub-areas 4 and 5C. As of early 1990, estimated current sewage flow for Ann Arbor Township was 0.20 mgd, all from sub-area 5A. The follo~ing are policies for sanitary sewer service. 4. Ann Arbor Township, through the Planning Commission and Board, should be a full and active participant in ~ecis_ions regardin$ public trans-portation m the township. The planning process for public transportation should be a. joint effort involving the township, 1: The 1976 facilities plan is recogmzed as th~ ba~is for providing sanitary sewer service m the Ann Arbor area. For purposes of this general developmen~ plan t~e north boundary of the service area m Ann Arbor Township is refined to lie along the line of the M14 freeway and its extension westerly along Stein Road. city, and AATA (Ann Arbor Area Transportation Authority) . 39 �j)i 'L_Jlfr JOY ,I ~ --- \ I ,, SANITARY SEWER SERVICE - - - Sewer service area boundary 1111111111 Sewer service sub-area boundary • Waste water treatment plant • 15" Pump station Pipe location & size 1::::[::m::titl ~l~~nfnu~str:~ownship toRTH 0 I Miles 1 I �2. Sanitary sewer service from the Ann Arbor area waste water treatment plant should not be extended outside the service area boundary established in the facilities plan as refined above in #1. 8. Public sanitary sewer service is not intended for existing residential areas that have septic tanks and acceptable drain fields. The on-site systems are expected to continue in use as long as they function properly. 3. Sani~ sewer service in PA #2 will be limited to Barton Hills Village, based on its reserved capacity of 0. 12 mgd. The remaining 0.13 mgd that the facilities plan allocates to sub-area 3A should be . reallocated to other parts of the township in the service area, such as PA '#1 and PA #4. 9. Development in the sewer service area will be limited to uses and densities that are within the capacity limits of the facilities plan. Major water-using industries are not consistent with this policy because of adverse impact on sewage treatment capacity, and should not be permitted. 4. Excess capacity in the 1.4 mgd allocated in the facilities plan to PA #5 (sub-area 5A), if excess capacity exists after complete development of PA #5, should be reallocated to PA #7. 10. If conditions evolve to the point that Ann Arbor Township must develop its own waste water treatment plant, a possible location is along the Huron River, east of Dixboro Road. 5. Small-scale, common waste water treatment systems might be acceptable in parts of the township in which central sanitary sewer services are not available, if the following conditions are met. B. Water Service: 1. Central water service will be provided to all designated new urban residential areas and non-residential uses in PA #3 and 5. a. The system is approved by the MDNR, Township Board , and Washtenaw County Health Department. c. The development(s) to be served by the system will be consistent with the adopted general development plan in terms of use and density. 2. Planning Area #5 presently has water service under contract with the City of Ann Arbor. Alternate sources of water for PA #5 and other areas should be studied, including the Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority (YCUA) and large wells with above-ground reservoirs that would be owned by Ann Arbor Township or neighboring townships. d. The system will be installed by the developer and, upon completion, dedicated to Ann Arbor Township for ownership and maintenance. 3. Transmission and distribution lines should be looped to assure adequate system pressure and continuity of water service. 6. Lateral sewers and appurtenances will be installed at developer's expense. 4. Water transmission and distribution lines and appurtenances should be constructed at developer expense. 7. On-site septic tanks and drain fields might be permitted on properties in an area designated for public sewer service, but only on a temporary basis, pending availability of public sewer service. 5. Urban residential development of not more than 4 DUs/acre may be permitted in areas without public water b. An adequate outlet for effluent discharge is available. 40 �\ \ I ·o - 12" WATER SERVICE PLAN Water storage & Pump Pipe location & size toRTH 0 I Miles 1 I �service if all the following conditions are met: 2. On-site drainage facilities should be adequate to deliver surface water runoff to established drainage courses. a. Each dwelling unit is connected to a public sanitary sewer. 3. Drainage systems should be located and designed to prevent sediment and pollutants carried by surface runoff from entering water courses and groundwater aquifers. b. The water system for each dwelling unit is approved by the county or state health departments. 4. Suitable mechanisms should be established as part of each <Jevelopment to assure proper long-term maintenance of drainage facilities. c. Each dwelling unit will connect to a public water line when service becomes available. 5. Open and natural drainage courses should be utilized where possible as part of the drainage system. Open drainage courses that are constructed should be graded and landscaped so as to appear a part of the natural landscape. 6. Urban residential development at a density higher than 4 DUs/ per acre should not be permitted until public water service is available. C. Storm Drainage: The entire planning area is in the Huron River drainage basin. All storm water runoff either drains directly into the Huron River by permanent or intermittent drainage courses, or indirectly through major tributary streams, such as Fleming and Traver Creeks, and the Swift Run and Pittsfield Ann Arbor Drains. It is assumed that some areas drain into wetlands that have no regular outlets. The storm water drainage system consists of both natural drainage features as well as those constructed as part of farming operations or land development projects, such as retention ponds in Technology Park and Domino's Farms. These drainage facilities are important parts of the township's utility systems, even though most are not publicly owned or maintained. They are also important landscape features and elements in the ecosystem. The following are policies for storm drainage in the planning area: 6. Storm water retention should be provided as part of site development or as part of area-wide drainage systems. Retention basins should be used to control the volume, quality, and rate of storm water runoff and to recharge the groundwater supply. Retention basins should be designed to hold runoff from at least a one-hundred-year storm of 12hour duration. 7. Storm water runoff from any development should not exceed that existed under undeveloped, natural conditions in terms of volume and velocity. Runoff under existing undeveloped conditions that causes problems should be altered to acceptable rates and amounts by drainage improvements. 8. Natural water areas within the township should be preserved in their natural form and condition. Each storage area as well as its fringe area should be protected from encroachment by development. The quality of runoff water that might drain into such areas should be properly maintained. 1. Storm drainage should have equal importance with water and sanitary sewer services in determining the suitability of land for development and proper density and layout of uses, buildings, and other improvements. D. Township Government Offices: The Township hall is located on a one- 41 �dents will continue to be bussed. Freeman School, located in Dixboro, is still owned by the school district and might be reopened as an elementary school. In that case, it could serve residents in the east part of the township. acre site on Pontiac Trail between M 14 and Warren Road. The office portion of the building was recently expanded and the enlarged facilities are considered to be adequate to ineet the space needs of the township's government for the foreseeable future. The size of the public meeting room is also considered adequate to meet anticipated future needs. The west part of the planning area, PA #1 and 2, is in the attendance-areas of Wines elementary, Forsythe junior, and Pioneer high schools. The east part of the planning area is in the attendance areas of Logan, Northside and King elementary, Clague junior, and Huron high schools. The part of PA #7 west of Huron Parkway is in the Angell elementary and Tappan junior school attendance areas. E. Fire Stations: The township has recently expanded its fire protection services into ·a two station system. Station #2 is located on a one and one-half-acre site at the intersection of Woodridge Drive and Goss Road in the Technology Park. The station has three drivethrough bays, each with a capacity for three or four pieces of equipment, and a small meeting room, primarily for training sessions. The station is manned. The campus of the Washtenaw Community College, 223 acres in area, is located in the southeast corner of Ann Arbor Township. The academic facilities and most of the land area are located south of Huron River Drive. The outdoor recreation area is located north of Huron River Drive. A small part of the campus is located in Superior Township. No expansion of the campus land area is anticipated. The older fire station, station # 1, is located at the township hall. The building has two bays but does not have drivethrough capability. The station is also manned full time. No major expansion or remodeling is planned for station #1. The two-station configuration gives the Fire Department adequate coverage of and response time for all parts of the planning area. H. Parks and Recreation: Facilities are commonly planned on the basis of ten acres of park land for each 1,000 people. However, this standard does not apply to Ann Arbor Township. Much of the population will be living in low to very low-density residential areas, where public recreation is not very important. High-density residential areas, such as Village Green, provide their own recreation facilities. As result, the plan does not propose a system of neighborhood parks. It does propose a community park on a 120-acre parcel north of Warren Road. The park would initially provide passive recreation opportunities with facilities for active recreation to be added in future years. The plan also proposes a community park on the Road Commission gravel pit site at Pontiac Trail and Ml4. The community college campus has 15 to 20 F. Police Protection: Protection is provided by the Washtenaw County Sheriff's Department under contract with the township. This arrangement will continue in the future. The department's deputies periodically check in at the township's offices, but do not have permanent office space or other facilities in the building. G. Public Schools: The entire planning area is located in the Ann Arbor school district. However, none of the schools that serve township residents is located in the township; all are in the city. This situation is expected to continue through the planning period. There is no apparent need for new schools to be located in the township; all public school stu- 42 �I ''" 'L_ill\i:: JOY ~ ~ J 1- 1. :!',: + ,, PUBLIC FACILITIES • e * ~f~S§g Township Hall Fire station - I ll Existing other public facilities Land outside Township Planning Area Proposed Township Park Existing parks & recreation toRTH 9 Miles 1 I �acres of land for active, outdoor recreation activities. tract with private haulers. The contract service will continue through the planning period. Waste material is either sent to a landfill or a recycling center. There is no designated landfill or recycling center in Ann Arbor Township and none is planned. There are several open space areas in the township that provide opportunities for passive recreation. These are Braun Park, a 12-acre parcel off Chalmers Drive, owned by Ann Arbor Township but undeveloped; Hoemer-McGlaughlin Woods, north of Ford Road, owned by the University of Michigan (UM); Radrick Farms and Botanical Gardens, owned by ·the UM; Marshall Park, an 80-acre undeveloped wooded parcel at the intersection of Plymouth and Dixboro Roads owned by the City of Ann Arbor; and the 30-40 acre wooded area on the west side of the community college campus. I. SECTION 6.08 NATURAL FEATURES POLICIES A. General Policies: 1. Natural features consist of stream corridors, wetlands, ground water recharge areas, flood plains, watersheds, woodlands, fence rows, and steep slopes. 2. The natural features described in the plan are intended only to illustrate the concept of natural systems and the general location of such features. These areas are not intended to be specific for any site. The actual location, extent, and relationship to existing or proposed development will be determined at the time of development review when detailed information will be available. Cable Utilities: 1. Electricity, telephone, and similar lines should be placed underground. However, transmission and major distribution lines may be placed overhead. 2. Overhead lines and their routes should be approved by the Planning Commission for proper alignment, effect on the appearance and character of existing and future development, and effect on trees and other natural features before construction. Overhead lines and easements or rights of way for overhead and underground lines should be located to avoid disruption of stands of trees, specimen trees, or significant fence rows, and to avoid arbitrary or unwise division of land use or ownership parcels. 3. The policies in this part of the plan are generalized and are based on existing information, such as USGS maps, County soil maps, aerial photographs, and studies made by the County Planning Commission. 4. It is the intent of this plan to preserve continuity of natural features to create systems of open space. This will be accomplished by utilizing proximity as well as contiguity of natural features . An open space system may be any combination of natural features. 3. Surface equipment to serve underground lines should be judiciously placed as part of landscape design and should be screened from view. 4. Substations and similar buildings should be designed and landscaped to be compatible with the character of the area in which they are located. 5. Streams, water bodies, and wetlands should be used as part of the storm drainage system of the township. These features should be protected from disturbance by construction and from pollutants and sediment that might be carried by surface water runoff. J. Solid Waste Collection: The township provides collection services to all its residents and businesses by a con- 43 �6. Natural features should be used, where feasible, to create boundaries between use areas or to separate development areas from agricultural areas. They should also be used to help create a meaningful physical structure for developing areas and the township as a whole. 2. There should be no disturbance to stream hydrology or alignment by topographic alteration within the corridor unless such alteration will improve existing conditions or remove a hazard or threat to the community. Filling or removal of material; construction of buildings, culverts, bridges, or other structures; removal of vegetative cover; and the location of wells, septic tanks, and drain fields within stream corridors should be regulated and reviewed by appropriate agencies. 7. The following lands are generally considered to be unsuitable for development: a. Lands that are not developable in their natural state, such as flood plains and wetlands. 3. A stream corridor and its watershed comprise an ecological unit. Protection of slopes, woodlands, and wetlands and proper management of land use and development in that watershed are essential to maintaining the quality and quantity of stream flow within the corridor. Development projects should be reviewed not only in the context of the stream corridor, but also in relation to the corridor's watershed. b. Lands that are essential to the continuity and preservation of natural systems. c. Lands on which development would result in environmental destruction of a larger natural system or create hazards to the environment or the public. Density transfer might be used as a means of preserving such lands. In some cases, such lands might be used for development if the natural systems involved can be maintained by alternate means or by substitution, or if environmental problems created by development can be reduced to manageable and acceptable limits. Very low-density residential use might be permitted if the general area involved is designated in the plan for rural residential use. C. Watersheds: 1. Erosion and sedimentation controls, and surface water runoff controls, are essential to protect a watershed and the stream corridor that serves it. The township should insure that adequate erosion control measures exist to cover the period from the start of construction of a project to the stabilization of the site after completion of construction. 2. The rate of surface water runoff should not exceed that which occurs under undeveloped conditions. This policy will prevent overloading of streams receiving runoff and will help prevent long-term erosion created by uncontrolled, high velocity discharges. B. Stream Corridors: 1. The width of a stream corridor will vary, depending upon the configuration of the stream course, the types of soil on adjacent lands, the nature of the filtration of surface water into the ground, the types and amounts of vegetative cover, and the slope of land adjacent to the water course. Detailed information should be required at the time of development review to determine the nature and extent of the stream corridor and the specific area that should be protected or preserved. 3. Erosion control methods and drainage plans should recognize soil types and land slopes of a construction site. D. Wetlands: 1. Wetlands consist of low areas with poor drainage and either temporary or 44 �permanent standing water. They also include areas with a high water table and organic soils. Wetlands should be protected in order to preserve water quality, stabilize surface water runoff, and provide wildlife habitats. They should be retained as possible wild areas, but, where feasible, should be incorporated into surface water drainage systems, provided that inflow of sediment, pollutants, and nutrients will not damage their viability. future studies to develop detailed policies and regulations for wetlands: a. The wetland itself, i.e., the area actually containing surface water. b. The fringe area of the wetland. c. The remainder of the watershed that drains into the wetland beyond the fringe area. E. Ground Water Recharge: 2. Wetlands should be used as ground water recharge areas where possible, and as areas to stabilize runoff during periods of heavy precipitation. 1. Ground water recharge areas collect and hold precipitation and surface runoff for percolation into underground aquifers. They are vital elements in the hydrologic cycle because they restore water tables and supply water to lakes, streams, and wetlands. 3. Current information about the location, extent, and type of wetlands in Ann Arbor Township is generalized. Actual boundaries and significance of specific wetlands should be determined at the time of development review. 2. The location, nature, and extent of recharge areas should be identified during development review. 3. Development in a recharge area should be controlled to retain as much of the permeable surface as possible. Land grading should be controlled to retain the water holding characteristics of the land. Vegetation essential to the water holding characteristics should be preserved or, where necessary, enhanced as part of a development program. The balance and integrity of the hydrologic system should be maintained in a proposed development. 4. Uses permitted in or adjacent to wetlands should be compatible with the purposes and functions of wetlands. 5. Density transfer from wetlands to developable lands is a possible means of preserving wetlands. In such transfer, the receiving area must be capable of absorbing the additional density and must have characteristics that permit a reasonable development pattern. Density transfer should not be available to wetlands that are regulated by state laws or administrative rules. Transfer of density should be permitted for all wetlands that are not subject to state regulation to a limit of 50 percent of development potential. In other words, a wetland area that would be allocated ten dwelling units under township land use policy would be permitted a transfer of not more than five units to another parcel of land. 4. Recharge areas should be protected from pollution by regulating the uses permitted within such areas and by controlling the quality of surface water runoff from tributary areas. 5. Areas classified in the county soil survey as having soils with water tables at or near the surface should also be protected from pollutant entry because of the ease with which pollutants on such soils can enter the underground water system. 6. Three aspects of wetland protection should be recognized in reviewing proposed developments within or in the vicinity of wetlands and in conducting F. Woodlands: 45 �NATURAL FEATURES 111111 11 Watershed divides - - ~ Streams 1Mt Wetlands Q --- & • Huron River Ponds Wooded areas 0 I Miles 1 I �1. Woodlands should be preserved in order to protect water and soil quality, buffer air and noise pollution, moderate local climate and storm severity, preserve wildlife habitats, and preserve aesthetic values and community beauty. Associated flora and fauna should also be preserved. Development that is permitted in or adjacent to wooded areas or significant specimen trees should be planned, constructed, and maintained so that existing healthy trees and vegetation are preserved to the maximum feasible extent. Native trees that are healthy should be preserved rather than removed and replaced with young stock. Diversity of woodlands should be protected to improve their long-term stability. of natural contours rather than alteration by mass grading. H. Fence Rows: Fence rows perform several important functions, such as providing habitat and paths of travel for birds and animals, serving as natural snow fences and windbreaks, and providing visual relief in otherwise open areas. They are important connecting links between larger areas of natural features, such as woodlands and wetlands. Fence rows should be identified on development plans and should be preserved if evaluation shows they are performing one or more of these important functions. 2. The location, species, and quality of wooded areas or individual trees should be considered during review of developments to determine preservation requirements. 3. The type and density of uses permitted in and adjacent to wooded areas should be compatible with the objective of preserving woodlands. 4. Density transfer might be used to preserve woodlands. G. Slopes: 1. Areas of steeper slopes, such as more than 12 percent, should be protected to reduce erosion potential, maintain slope and soil stability, control amounts and velocities of surface water runoff, and protect an aesthetic resource. 2. Slopes should be considered in terms of soil types as well as steepness. 3. Development that is permitted on steep slopes should maintain or enhance the natural contours, vegetation, and drainage patterns. Existing land form should be a major factor in the land-use and site-planning processes. The primary objective should be preservation 46 �PART7 IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN POLICIES GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 47 �ready to sell or develop it, rezoning to a use district that is consistent with the designation in the general development plan can await petition by property owners. Such land that is designated in the plan for density transfer or specialuse districts should not be rezoned until a specific development proposal, in the form of a rezoning petition, is filed and reviewed. SECTION 7.01 INTRODUCTION Policies in a general development plan are implemented, for the most part, by day-to-day decisions by a municipal government's administration, planning commission, and governing body. A government agency might undertake a major project called for in the plan, such as construction of a road or acquisition of a tract of land for a public school or park, but these are infrequent events, and are not the primary basis for policy implementation. To be effective, the plan must be used in daily decisions. Used in this manner, the Ann Arbor Township plan will provide advance notice to prospective users of land and assurance of stability to property owners and residents. The plan can be a forum for modifying certain policies, with all affected parties involved, when conditions underlying the plan change or new opportunities arise. Thus, in terms of policy implementation, the plan is both a communication document and a reference document. Its continuous, daily use will help assure that it will be kept current and viable. 2. Density Transfer: This concept involves moving (transfer) proposed development (density) from one part of a site to another part that is considered to be more suitable for development. The process results in a portion of the site remaining undeveloped and the developed part having a higher net density (although the overall density of the site will not be increased). Density transfer should be used to preserve natural features, such as wetlands, woodlands, or stream corridors, while permitting a reasonable use of the entire property. This method is applicable to larger sites and requires use of a special zoning district, such as a PUD district. 3. Special Districts: Special zoning districts should be used for the following purposes: SECTION 7 .02 ZONING REGULATION A. Methods of Policy Implementation: The principal means of implementing general development plan policies is the zoning ordinance. Zoning should be used in any one, or combination of the five ways listed below. a. To create a compatible mixture on a site, where such a mixture is desirable and consistent with adopted policies, b. To fit a proposed use into an existing developed area in a compatible manner, 1. Zoning Districts: Land should be zoned in a manner consistent with uses and densities designated in the plan. For example, land currently used for residences on one-acre lots should be zoned R-2; land used for residences on lots less than one acre in area should be zoned R-3, and so on. In many cases, land that is designated in the plan for various densities of residential use in the future is currently zoned for agricultural use. Since most landowners in these situations do not want their land zoned for residential use until they are c. To permit density transfer within a site, d. To assure that a site will be developed in a manner consistent with the general development plan and in the manner promised by the petitioner. The principal characteristics of a special zoning district are its area plan, a form of a site plan sufficient to describe the essential features of the proposed development, and a specific list of uses that 48 �will be permitted on the site. Future use of the property, once the special district is approved·, must be in accordance with the approved district. Site layout and uses may only be changed by a zoning amendment which, in effect, would create a new version of the special district, if approved by the Township for the property owner and township officials to agree on a reasonable delineation of such features at the time of development or use review. 5. Site Plan Review: Site plan review is a means of assuring that proposed developments will meet certain established standards of the township, including applicable policies in the general development plan. The review process should be a- mechanism for the property owner or developer and township officials to tailor a proposed development to the specific site and immediate neighborhood, and to the policies in the general development plan, particularly those concerned with protecting valuable natural features. All new developments, except single-family detached residences on individual lots and new farm buildings, should be processed through site plan review. Completion of all improvements shown on an approved site plan should be assured by appropriate financial guarantees. Board. The township's current zoning ordinance has three special districts: Planned Unit Development (PUD), intended primarily for residential developments; Research and Research Applications (RRA), intended for research parks, such as Ann Arbor Technology Park; and Office Park (OP), intended for office parks, such as Domino's Farms. Additional special districts might be created in the future. 4. Overlay Zones: Overlay zones can be used to regulate the use of a specific part of a parcel of land. The regulations of the overlay district are in addition to the regulations of the underlaying, basic zoning district. For example, a lot zoned R-2 (single-family residential, one acre minimum lot area) might be covered in part by a flood hazard area overlay zone. All regulations of the R-2 district would apply to this lot, but the portion of the lot under the flood hazard zone would be regulated by the more restrictive provisions of the flood hazard district. The township could use overlay districts to protect wetlands, woodlands, and stream corridors. As in the case of flood hazard regulation, the area that would be subject to an overlay zone regulation might not be clearly identifiable at the time the zone is adopted and shown on the official zoning map. The boundaries of such areas, especially wetlands and stream corridors, seldom follow property lines, streets, or other features commonly shown on maps. In addition, the boundaries of such areas might be somewhat indeterminate until detailed surveys are made. Therefore, overlay district regulations should be designed to recognize this fact and to provide a mechanism B. Changes in Zoning Districts: A number of changes should be made in the existing structure of zoning districts to establish consistency between the general development plan and the zoning ordinance and to help implement policies in the plan . 1. A public lands zone should be created. This district would be used for lands owned by public agencies. It would replace the current Recreation Conservation (RC) district, which has been used, in part, as a substitute for that purpose. 2. The Recreation-Conservation (RC) district should be converted to a rural residential district for five acre and larger lots. The new district would be used in the areas designated in the plan for rural residences at a density of less than 0.2 DU/ acre. 3. The general development plan designates an urban residential use area at a density of 1 to 2 DUs/ acre. The 49 �current zoning ordinance does not have a district that corresponds with that density range; the closest is the R-3 district, which permits dwellings at a density of 2 .5 to 3 .5 DUs/acre. A new zoning district should be established for this density range. C. Major Changes in Regulations: A number of changes should be made in zoning regulations to help implement policies in the plan. 1. The list of permitted uses in the Agriculture (A-1) district should be reviewed to make the district compatible with its location in the township and with the intended character and purpose of the area. Specifically, intensive raising of livestock and fowl should be prohibited. 4. The Highway Service Commercial (C-3) district should be deleted. The district is intended to be used in areas that are suitable for highway commercial services, but the plan does not designate any areas for such use. 2. The general development plan provides an option for using small, on-site sewage treatment and water supply systems in certain situations. If situations arise in which such systems are required, the zoning ordinance should be changed to permit on-site systems. 5. The General Industrial (1-2) district should be deleted. The plan designates only one area for industrial use and the existing 1-1 district is suitable for that area. 6. The Warehouse-Wholesale (W-1) and the Limited Industrial (1-1) districts should be combined into one. The potential of Ann Arbor Township for developing industrial type uses is very small and two separate districts for these related uses are not necessary. 3. A landscape buffer requirement should be included, to be located on land that abuts land designated in the plan for agricultural use. 4. The R-1 and R-lA districts should be revised to permit certain limited agricultural activities that are considered compatible with rural residences, with certain minimum lot areas. The uses in these two districts would be more restricted than those in the converted RC district. 7. Overlay districts for various protective zones, such as stream corridors, wetlands, and woodlands, should be kept as an option for future use. Negotiations during development reviews will provide opportunities for protecting such features. If experience with a negotiation approach proves unsatisfactory in the future, overlay zones should be reconsidered. 5. The PUD district should be changed to permit agricultural activities, as permitted in a revised A-1 district, as permanent uses. The present ordinance permits agricultural uses only as temporary uses. 8. Consolidation of the R-1 and R-lA districts should be considered. 6. The statements of intent for the zoning districts should be changed to reflect policies in the general plan. These statements are an important link between the general plan and specific zoning regulations. 9. The zoning of the 23-acre area between existing Earhart Road and US23, south of Plymouth Road, currently R-D, should be changed to R-3, or to PUD with an appropriate petition. 10. The zoning of the 31-acre parcel in the southeast quadrant of the Dixboro/Geddes intersection should be changed from Oto R-2 or PUD. 7. The cluster zoning provision, Section 11. 13, should be deleted. The PUD district performs the same function in a more effective manner. 50 �8. The list of major roads, in Section 11.17, which require additional front setbacks, should be revised to be consistent with the street policies of this plan. condominium. In this method, land is divided under the Condominium Act. Purchasers acquire fee simple rights to described physical spaces in which dwelling units may be constructed. (Site condominiums may also be used for nonresidential developments as well.) The site condominium is a variation on the principles of land division involved in subdividing. However, the Condominium Act does not provide a specific review process, as does the Subdivision Control Act. Since the issues and interests are the same from the township's point of view in either approach to land division, the township's review process should be as similar as possible to that exercised in subdivision review. The site plan review process should be used to review proposed site condominium developments. Completion of all improvements shown on an approved site plan should be assured by appropriate financial guarantees. SECTION 7.03 REGULATION OF LAND DIVISION Land may be divided into smaller parcels by one of three methods: by metes and bounds descriptions; by platting under the Subdivision Control Act; and as a site condominium under the Condominium Act. In the first method, review at the township level is made by the administration to assure compliance with the zoning ordinance and other township regulations. This is usually a simple process; major issues regarding general development plan policies are usually not involved. However, overlay zoning districts might add some complexity to the review process. Nevertheless, Planning Commission or Township Board review is not a part of this method of land division. SECTION 7.04 INFRASTRUCTURE A. Roads: All roads in Ann Arbor Township except state highways and private roads are under the jurisdiction of the Washtenaw County Road Commission. (State highways such as US23 and M14 are under the jurisdiction of MDOT.) Costs of road construction and maintenance are the responsibility of the County Road Commission or MDOT. New developments should provide internal roads at developer expense. The developer should also be required to pay a reasonable share of any improvements to existing roads that might be needed to adequately and safely serve a new development. That share should be worked out by the developer with the agency with jurisdiction and all agreements should be in place before the township grants final development approval. Subdividing, or platting, is a more complex process of land division , and is regulated by the Subdivision Control Act and the township's subdivision ordinance adopted pursuant to that act. Township review involves technical review by the engineer and planner; Planning Commission recommendation; and Township Board action on the various stages of the plat. The review process is aimed primarily at zoning compliance, proper vehicular and pedestrian circulation, future street extensions, buildable lots, proper relationship with neighboring properties, and provision of all utilities. The township's reviews should be coordinated with those of county and state agencies. Subdivision review should be used as a means for the township to assure that proper infrastructure planning and construction occurs at developer expense and that natural features are protected. B. Public Utilities: The township's water and sanitary sewer systems were constructed by special assessment districts, and major extensions of these systems should be financed in the same In recent years, a third method of land division has become popular the-site 51 �manner. System maintenance is financed by user fees. Developers should be required to construct, at their expense, lines and appurtenances from the existing or future trunk sewers or water mains needed to serve their properties. The township's policy is that general fund money will not be used to support the water and sanitary sewer systems. C. Storm Water Drainage: On-site retention of storm water is required of all new developments. However, largescale retention areas serving several properties, in place of a retention area on each property, should be encouraged. Drainage courses, retention areas, and outlets should be constructed at developer expense, and should be maintained at the expense of properties served by the facilities. Proper longterm maintenance of all parts of a drainage system should be established in an acceptable manner before the township gives final development approval. 52 �PARTS PLAN MONITORING PROGRAM GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 53 �SECTION 8.01 INTRODUCTION policy changes resulting from such studies will made in the plan. The planning process, in order to be effective, must be continuous; it must be a part of the day-to-day decisions that affect the physical character of the township. Thus, the general development plan must have a character that encourages its regular use in the planning process. The plan is, in effect, the continuously changing representation of the township's policies for the future. If the plan is to perform its proper function in a continuing planning process if it is to be the official reference for discussions and decisions on many different matters - it must be kept up-todate on a regular basis. A plan for revision of the general development plan is therefore necessary. SECTION 8.03 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM The program will have two objectives: 1) to determine the extent to which the township is actually implementing the policies of the general plan, and 2) to determine whether the plan's policies are still desirable and appropriate in light of changing circumstances. The basic part of the program will consist of an annual review by the Planning Commission; the results will be transmitted to the Township Board in a report. Such review might result in a change to a portion of the plan affecting either a subject area or a geographic area. A major review of the general plan should be made at intervals no longer than ten years to enable the Planning Commission and Township Board to see the implications of accumulated annual revisions in perspective and to make proper adjustments. Annual reviews might indicate the need for a major review in less than ten years. SECTION 8.02 BENEFITS OF A MONITORING PROGRAM In addition to the benefit to the planning process of keeping the plan up to date, several other benefits will accrue to the township from a regular monitoring program. First, such a program broadens the area of community agreement on basic development policies over time. The process invites open reconsideration of alternatives to major decisions and encourages exploration of new issues and secondary questions. The actual components of an annual review will be determined by the Planning Commission at the start of work. The following should be among the elements studied by the Commission; others might be added as events suggest. Second, annual review of the general plan will broaden and deepen the Planning Commission's and Township Board's knowledge of the plan's elements, and of its shortcomings as well. Along with the plan's use in day-to-day decision making, the annual review process will assure that the plan will be a living document, that its policies, while firm and definite, will not be frozen in time. Third, annual review will avoid delays that might otherwise be caused by calls for more study on certain issues before the basic plan is adopted. An annual review program assures that issues that require further examination, will be studied at proper levels of detail at later times, and the 1. Development proposals approved or denied: rezoning petitions, site plans, and subdivision plats. 2. Land use regulations: zoning ordinance and subdivision ordinance amendments made in the past year or expected to be needed in the future. 3. Annexations requested: or denied. approved 4. Building permits issued, by land use category; estimate of number of dwelling units, by type, added to the 54 �housing stock; estimates of current population of the planning area. 5. Sanitary sewer and water connections; estimate of sewage and water flows and relation to contracted capacities. 6. State equalized valuation, by assessor's categories; track changes in agricultural and developmental classifications. 7. Traffic counts; relation to road capacities. 8. Programmed road improvements. 9. Changes in public transportation service, past year and proposed in the future, that affect the planning area. 10. Land divisions, other than in approved subdivision plats and condominium site plans. 11. Major zoning and land use changes on the perimeter of the planning area in the past year and likely in the coming year. 55 �GLOSSARY GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF ANN ARBOR AUGUST 1992 56 �AATA: Ann Arbor Transportation Authority The plan refers to several types of dwelling units: Central Water and Sanitary Sewer Systems: As used in the plan, the term refers to the public systems provided out of a central water treatment plant for water supply and a waste water treatment plant for sanitary sewerage. Single-family (SF) detached: A free standing dwelling unit; a typical house. Single-family attached: Two or more dwelling units attached at common walls. Each unit has its own ground floor access to the exterior and frequently has its own attached garage. Clustering: An arrangement of dwelling units, usually single family detached, that results in a tight grouping of a small number of units around a common, area or facility, such as an access road. The purpose of clustering is to reduce the size of the lot that is associated with each dwelling unit and to increase the land area in common open space. Multiple-family (MF): A building that contains a number of dwelling units. Access to these units is by common halls and entry ways, frequently including stairs or elevators. A MF unit is commonly a rental unit in an apartment building, but may be a condominium unit. Density: A measure of intensity of development. For residential uses it is commonly expressed as the number of dwelling units per acre of land, (DUs/acre). For non-residential developments, such as office or commercial . uses, density is expressed as the percentage of land area that is covered by the ground floor area of all buildings on the site, commonly referred to as ground floor coverage (GFC). A companion measure is floor area ratio (FAR), which is the ratio of the total floor area of all buildings on a site to the area of the site. Facilities Plan: The facilities plan is the plan adopted in 1976 as the basis for expanding the Ann Arbor area waste treatment plant and for obtaining the federal grant to finance that expansion. The facilities plan delineated the area that would be served by the expanded treatment plant and described the improvements to be made to the plant. Density Transfer: The concept of density transfer is explained in Section 7.02A-2. MGD: A measurement of water or sanitary sewage flow in million gallons per day. Drainage Corridor: A linear area that consists of a stream channel and adjacent land that, by topography, soil type, and vegetation, appears to be important to the functioning of the stream and its micro-enviornment. Package Waste Water Treatment Plants: These small-scale sewage treatment plants are used in individual developments, such as a residential complex or an office center. Each plant treats incoming waste water and discharges it after treatment into a stream or an approved receiving area. In many areas, the plants are privately owned and managed. The Ann Arbor Township plan proposes that such plants, if approved, be installed at private expense, then turned over to Ann Arbor l\IDNR: Michigan Department of Natural Resource~ . l\IDOT: Michigan Transportation. Dwelling Unit: The dwelling unit is the building or portion of a building that is _inhabited by one family. The typical house is one dwelling unit. A dwelling unit is sometimes referred to in the plan as a DU. 57 Department of �Township for ownership and maintenance. POD: An abbreviation for planned unit development, a special zoning district intended primarily for residential developments. The key features of the district include flexibility in the layout of lots and buildings and a preliminary type site plan, called an area plan, that shows the specific development that will be completed if the zoning district is approved. SEMCOG: Southeast Michigan Council of Governments. Ann Arbor Township is a member. Soils: The plan refers to soils with severe limitations for particular uses. The limitation ratings are assigned by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. Soils in the township and the remainder of Washtenaw County are described and rated in the Washtenaw County Soil Survey. Special Zoning Districts: These are described in Section 7.02 A-3 of the plan. UATS: An abbreviation for Urban Area Transportation Study. The study is an on-going transportation planning process in the urban area. The urban area is defined as the townships of Ann Arbor, Lodi, Pittsfield, Scio, Superior, and Ypsilanti, and the cities of Ann Arbor, Saline, and Ypsilanti. Representatives of each municipality participate in the transportation planning process. YCUA: The Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority. The Authority provides water supply and waste water treatment services to municipalities by contract. 58 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ann-Arbor-Charter-Twp_General-Development-Plan_1992 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ann Arbor Planning Commission, Ann Arbor Charter Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-09-21 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Charter Township General Development Plan Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Charter Township General Development Plan developed by the Ann Arbor Township Planning Commission August 5, 1992 and approved by the Ann Arbor Township Board September 21, 1992. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Ann Arbor Charter Township (Mich.) Washtenaw County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/425e8b29b4512ae0bf7a108e1099abb7.pdf ac68d8c08c8b643ec0a7cc4c5e798101 PDF Text Text Azizi Ar/Jor POWWOW APRIL 1st. & 2nd. Grand Entry SATURDAY 2=00 P.M. HURON HIGH SCHOOL Corner of Fuller Road and Huron Parkway OPEN DRUM Sponsored by NATIVE AM ER/CAN STUDENT ASSOC/A TION ANN ARBOR CULTURE SCHOOL PUBLIC WELCOME For more information contact JIM CONCANNON 764-9128 HAP McCUE 769-3417 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_ Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, April ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-04 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, April 1-2, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d0cfa64c03e76f54733a4a01b81f7e13.pdf 513995a7cb9e6070bfbf6eba2a2315af PDF Text Text +aa+ur-1 NS ~cr~;va Arf¥l.nc.:a~ C.r-at-\ ~, \ r&littDt-Ja\ DaNci~ ot-.ld -f60d.5 -1 ANN ARBOR -- - -· ~ ,p owwow April IZ aMd 13, 1~3D Huroll ~i~~ Jthtol c_DnJa.r of ful\a.r1'oad d~d ~\uru-i \.\i~hwa~ ~ r 11--iftm--yyo-\-lot.J- Sf O (\ S" 0 f' e.cl b~ c.a\\: the, 7t4·S4lf or 7i,,l·J1Lt7 N llt', V(l Ji 'M ,.r', CQ I'\ J\ssoc. a.1: u(\;V. f to 1' ~M..s b'-1·." : SJ. • 2 f ~ ]) 0 +,' o 1'\ s : t\ G... '/. 3 4cl""lt s , o; ~f u. d(..f\ f M~c.ht'1<AY\ .,.4 '6 f·"' ' .Suri. - ;,... f· ftl t 2. Si"'d~"-\s, 50 ~ • Z ~t\d. "" t'\ q @ r- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1980-04 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, April 1980 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-04 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, April 12-13, 1980, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b76fa1c81f84a9f7b384ebb17ae742a7.pdf ec47fd2a5f311acfed4b72d903cd39b6 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_ann-arbor-pow-wow_1984-04 Title A name given to the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow, April 1984 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-04 Description An account of the resource Ann Arbor Pow Wow flyer, Ann Arbor MI, April 21-22, 1984, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Student Association at University of Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>