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&#13;
Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. &#13;
&#13;
Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections.&#13;
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&#13;
Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. &#13;
&#13;
Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections.&#13;
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                    <text>ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW
KOLLEEN CRANE
Born: Midland, Texas
Resides:
Interviewed by: James Smither PhD, GVSU Veterans History Project
Transcribed by: Claire Herhold, February 2, 2013
Interviewer: 00:58 Basically, what I’d like to do here will be to just start out and I’ll ask
you kind of where you were and what you were doing at the time when the war started and
so we can get your background, and tell us something about where you lived, and then that
at that point you can introduce the story of how you met your husband and we can just
follow the two of you after that.
I was a telephone operator and I had been midnight to six at Abilene Christian College, and I’d
gone home for the summer and was on the switchboard between the long-distance calls and the
local calls. In those days you picked up a cord and punched it in one to the other to get them
connected. And all of the sudden both boards lit up like a Christmas tree and we couldn’t
imagine what’s going on and out chief operator finally got around to us to say that Pearl Harbor
had been bombed. 2:01 It was an exciting time. I mean, we were stunned, you know, that this
would happen.
Interviewer: And what happened in the community after that?
I don’t remember.
Interviewer: So Pearl Harbor hits and you remember where you were and what you were
doing. You were at the switchboard then. How much longer was it between when that
started and when you met your husband?
You know, I can’t remember. I know there were three of us girls from church that went bowling
on Sunday afternoon and we’d been paying for it ever since. But then the three fellows came in

�and we asked them to teach us how to keep score, so they did. And then we’d invite them to go
to church with us and then come home with me and so they all came out to the house to meet my
parents. 3:01
Interviewer: So was there an air base in town?
Oh yes, Midland Air Force Base came in there. The first bunch of troops came in, not for the Air
Force, but for the weather that would be the driest of any in our country over the summer time.
And we had the hardest rain we had had for years and Daddy got out his little canoe and we
paddled down the street in front of our house, it was so hard.
Interviewer: Do you know why they wanted the dry weather?
It was so the troops could camp out any way. I don’t remember.
Interviewer: That would make sense because there were troop camps all over the South in
that period, and so we’re familiar with that. Did you go back to school after that?
No, I didn’t go back.
Interviewer: So you continued to work for the phone company? 4:01
Right, everywhere I went, I got a job, didn’t have any trouble. I think I had six hundred dollars
in the bank when we got married. And we did real well. When we went to Massachusetts we
found that people were friendly and warm and very generous and helpful to us. I had thought
those Northerners would be cold.
Interviewers: Yankees aren’t all bad. Let’s go back to the time when you met your
husband-to-be, that is. Do you remember about how long it was between the time you met
him and when you got married?
It was about a year later.
Interviewer: And what was he doing during that year?

�He was a crew chief for the Air Force.
Interviewer: And what did that mean?
B-24s, to take care of the mechanical equipment. He served as a tail bomber too on some of the
training just to be ready in case he was needed. 5:03
Interviewer: Was his job to train other men to do these jobs or just to maintain the planes
while they were training in them?
Right.
Interviewer: Do you know why it was that he wasn’t sent for service overseas?
The war ended in Europe. He was in cadet training by that time when the war ended.
Interviewer: Do you remember what year you got married in?
February 14th or 15th, ’41.
Interviewer: Okay, well ’41, now that would be…
That was Pearl Harbor Day. I’m not really…
Interviewer: Well, Pearl Harbor was December of 1941, so the Army would have set up in
early in ’42. So maybe ’43?
Even ’44.
Interviewer: ’44. And that might make sense in terms of our time frame here.
February ’44.
Interviewer: What was it like to be married to somebody in the service at this time? 6:03
Well, I guess I was young enough I really didn’t see how bad things were in our world. Just to
be together, do my job…
Interviewer: So did you continue to work for the phone company in these places?
Oh no, oh no. When I came to Michigan I had a family and busy on the farm.

�Interviewer: But during that year when you were moving around?
Yes, every place I went I got a job with the phone company.
Interviewer: In your hometown, how did the people there view or deal with the guys at the
air base? What kind of relationship was there between the town and the base?
I think because the troopers that had come in first misused the friendliness, that people were
really careful about the Air Force men that came in.
Interviewer: How did they misuse the friendliness? What kind of things were going on?
7:04
Take advantage of the girls and things like that.
Interviewer: Did things improve later on in terms of how the men conducted themselves?
I think things went fine after that group left.
Interviewer: Do you know if they were Army soldiers or if they were just men who were
building the base to start with?
I’m not sure what their duty was there. I just know they got rained out.
Interviewer: When he went then to training at Ouachita college, what was that experience
like? What did he do? What did you do?
He was very regimented and classes and everything but he was free to come home at night.
There was some foolishness going on. The men were swinging out over the river, Ouachita
river, and the officers put a stop to that in a hurry. 8:03 We’re not going to have something
happen to these men we’ve invested so much in already.
Interviewer: And how long were you there?
Maybe six months? Nine months?

�Interviewer: And do you recall what kind of classes was he taking? Was he taking college
courses or military training?
For officership training. I don’t know. I know the plans later at South Carolina were for, they
were testing gasoline usage of the planes and the bomb site was fairly new at that time, so they
were working with that too. Then when things slowed down in Europe they put him to doing
hurricane hunters, they were groups of planes that did that. 9:05 They’d fly into the eye of the
hurricane.
Interviewer: What kind of aircraft were they using?
B-24.
Interviewer: And did he describe that or tell you what that was like?
No, it was just very interesting to realize you were getting into the center where it was still. I
guess it was still. That was the feeling I got from his description.
Interviewer: Did they act as if that job were particularly dangerous or was that just
routine?
Yes, that was very dangerous. He lost five buddies of a box around him. One above him and
two on each side. One plane crash. That really touched us all.
Interviewer: We’ll go back again to Ouachita college while you’re staying there. What
were you doing while he was in training or in class? 10:07
I was at the telephone company. We had an apartment there and we just lived like a family with
our meals there and everything.
Interviewer: Now was there a different relationship between the local community and the
men staying at the college than you had back at the air base?
The only thing I know, the church just opened us with arms. So good.

�Interviewer: Did they like having married couples come as opposed to all these single men?
I don’t remember any difficulty.
Interviewer: Then when you went up to Massachusetts, what was his assignment up there?
I don’t know. I know we arrived in a record-breaking blizzard.
Interviewer: And how did you get there? 11:02 Did you take a train?
I think we were on a train. We did most of our traveling by train in those days. And finally he
got together with his group and they went out to the field there, Westover Field, I think. And I
found an apartment with a couple and just really felt at home with them. They were wonderful
people. They welcomed the soldiers in.
Interviewer: What part of Massachusetts was that in? Do you remember?
Springfield.
Interviewer: Okay, so western Massachusetts then. Was this a large base at this time?
I’m not sure. I didn’t get out to the base. It seemed like we were just days or weeks there and
then shipped down to South Carolina.
Interviewer: And then how long was he stationed in South Carolina? 12:00
This all happened in a couple of years. I don’t think he was there that long. Maybe nine months.
Interviewer: Do you think that his experience in the military and training, was that
something that kind of followed him through the rest of his life?
Yes, he learned the big engine care and his father purchased a speed sprayer, and it’s made with
the propellers like an air plane and he used that for throwing the mist up in the air as you drove
through the orchards, sprayed the trees.
Interviewer: So then, what kind of career did he have? What was he doing?
He was an orchard man. He’s a fruit grower.

�Interviewer: Did you have your own orchard out in Fennville?
Yes, generations have been there. Still his cousins are still at it. 13:01
Interviewer: When we study the history of the war on the homefront and so forth, we get a
lot of stuff about shortages and rationing and all of these kinds of things, and sort of how
difficult it was just to run a household and that kind of thing. What kind of experiences
did you have with that? How was the war period different for you than what came after
just in terms of how you took care of things?
I guess after the war is when I learned, well during the war I visited Fennville several times, but
Dick’s father was not one to complain at all, but he did say he saw people misusing the tires
where the farmers really need to get their fruit to market. That was one thing that was a
hardship. The gasoline shortage, I think we were very careful. 14:01 I don’t remember too much
about the food and the sugar and those things. I remember one time my little garden had an
abundant crop of leaf lettuce and so the groceryman told me, “Would you bring in a supply?”
and I needed soap, so he traded me a bushel basket of leaf lettuce for a box of Tide or Oxydol.
Interviewer: Did you have to look after yourself and live on your own before you got
married? Or when you got married was that the first time that you sort of set up a
household for yourself?
Oh, it was the first time for both of us, and as we travelled we just rented an apartment. One
place we bought the furniture and as we were ready to leave we sold it. That was a good
education for me. 15:00
Interviewer: Did your husband feel like he was sort of doing his job or what needed to be
done or did he think that he should be serving overseas?

�He was ready to go overseas. Twice. Because we went out to Boise after Arkansas and I had
told you a little bit about the hunting, the incendiary balloons there.
Interviewer: Why don’t you tell me a little more about that? What was going on and what
was he doing with that?
He was flying in the plane to hunt for those and to shoot them down if necessary, or, I don’t
know how they would handle it if they saw one or if they saw one where the balloon had started
a fire, to alert the others to it.
Interviewer: And did he see any balloons or any fires?
He was threatened with death if they told anything that they saw, so I still to this day, I don’t
know.
Interviewer: We’ll have to go look that up. 16:02 Now, just some miscellaneous details.
What was your husband’s first name?
Richard.
Interviewer: And do you know what his highest rank was?
He was a staff sergeant, crew chief.
Interviewer: We’ll put them both down because they are both...
Voice offscreen: Crew chief is a billet. It’s like an MOS. I apologize.
Interviewer: Now you’re getting into really modern terms there. What that does, though,
those are two different things that will tell somebody searching a database what to look for
so that’s sort of helpful in terms of piecing things together.
There were two men from Michigan that left here with him. They didn’t get back together.
They didn’t get in the same group. 17:03
Interviewer: And did he see them after the war do you know?

�Oh yes. We visited Howard Beagle from Fennville, and he tells about the invasion of France and
dropping the paratroopers on and seeing them shot out of the air. He turned white overnight. It
was really terrible, and he met his wife in the hospital there where she had, she was nursing.
Then they came back to her hometown in Louisiana, and we visited them. We’d go down to
Texas to see my folks and swing by Louisiana.
Interviewer: Do you have other memories of those war years or things that stick in your
mind out of that period just about what life was like or what your husband was doing?
18:03
The anxiety and just trusting him to God when he was in danger, and not knowing what danger
he was in. So you didn’t dwell on it. I got by pretty well that way.
Interviewer: Aside from when he was doing the hurricane hunting were there other periods
or phases in his service where you were, you felt like he was in danger or he acted that
way?
Yes, well swinging on a rope over the Ouachita River.
Interviewer: Well, all right.
No they had to be children for a while when there was that much tension.
Interviewer: But was the rest of his duty particularly dangerous? Or were there a lot of
accidents on these bases? Did people crash the planes or other things like that?
Probably there were things, a lot of things that I didn’t hear about. 19:02
Interviewer: When he’d come home or wherever at night from his days of training and
flying, did he talk about what he was doing or did he just talk about other things?

�Oh, he was a communicator and he talked all the time, but I don’t remember his telling about
the…he was so shaken up about those five that he lost around him but that’s the only thing that
really stuck in my mind.
Interviewer: All right, then. I think that pretty well covers the basic set of things for us.
I’ll just quickly go here to see. What do you say when they’re drafted and then they’re delayed?
His actually going in was delayed? 20:04
Interviewer: It’s called “deferred.”
Because they let him and Howard Beagle stay home and get the harvest in that year because the
farmers were in such need of help. I guess that’s all I had.
Interviewer: Thank you very much.

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                <text>Kolleen Crane is the widow of WW II veteran Richard Crane. In the interview she tells of being a telephone operator when Pearl Harbor was attacked. She met her husband at Midland (TX) Air Force base, where he served as a B-24 crew chief, responsible for maintaining the air craft. He was sent to school at Washtenaw College as part of the Officer Training program. After leaving Washtenaw they went to Massachusetts, then to South Carolina where they spent the rest of his enlistment.</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans' History Project
Robert Crans
Vietnam War
1 hour 34 minutes 37 seconds
(00:00:40) Early Life
-Born in Hastings, Michigan on July 8, 1947
-Grew up in a single-parent home with his mother
-Grew up in Hastings through middle school
-Grandma ran a restaurant in Freeport, Michigan
-Moved there with his mother to help run the restaurant
-Attended Middleville High School
-Graduated from there in July 1965
-There weren't a lot of jobs in the area
-Uncle suggested that he look for work at Michigan State University
-Went to MSU to apply for a job and got hired on the same day
-Moved to East Lansing, Michigan and got an apartment so he was close to the school
-It was a little different being a worker at the school and not a student
-Worked at the Kellogg Hotel &amp; Conference Center
-Went to basketball games and concerts at MSU
(00:03:05) Enlisting in the Navy Pt. 1
-In January 1966 he received a letter notifying him to report for a draft physical
-Family had a military background
-Relatives served in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War
-Uncle advised him to look into the Navy
-Talked to a Navy recruiter and decided to enlist
-Worked at Michigan State until late May 1966
-Went home for a week to say good bye to his family and friends
-Reported for duty in June 1966
(00:04:5) Awareness of the Vietnam War Pt. 1
-Nightly news talked about the troop buildup in Vietnam
-There wasn't public support like in World War II
-Had friends avoid the draft and others friends that did military service
(00:05:25) Enlisting in the Navy Pt. 2
-No matter where you were in the military you could be in danger
-Had no problem with serving, but didn't want to be in the jungle
-Enlisted for four years
-No choice in training he wanted
-That was determined by an aptitude test
-There was a large pool of recruits in the Navy, so the Navy could be selective
(00:07:04) Basic Training Pt. 1
-Sent to Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois for basic training
-Emphasis on being neat, timely, and working with a unit
-Emphasizing that you were no longer an individual and other people depended on you
-It was hot that summer in Illinois
-Days were spent doing physical training or classroom work
-Came out of basic training feeling more confident

�-Lasted eight weeks
-Got done in August 1966
-There was one training company totally comprised of men from Wisconsin
-Rest of the men were from all over the country
-Exposure to different people and different mindsets
-Stark differences in mentality between the Northerners and Southerners
-Navy instructors were career officers and in their late 30s or 40s
-One officer called recruits into his office to tell them to work harder or face starting over
(00�:11:00) Adjusting to the Navy
-At his first duty station he was with completely new people and doing menial work
-At his second duty station he adjusted better
-At his last duty station he had experience and was comfortable
(00:12:05) Basic Training Pt. 2
-Terrified he would make a mistake in basic training and have to start over or get kicked out
-Uncertain whether he was really Navy material or not
-Remembers some recruits that got recycled
-They were made to do the same tasks over and over because they couldn't do them properly
-He had to get into the mindset of being in a unit
(00:14:49) Duty on the USS Lexington (CV-16)
-Assigned to the aircraft carrier the USS Lexington (CV-16)
-Operated out of Pensacola, Florida
-Ship's main duty was to train naval aviators for service on aircraft carriers
-Ship went to sea for a week so pilots could do day and night landing qualifications
-Spent a week at Corpus Christi, Texas for jet pilots
-Had pilots train with propeller-driven aircraft at Pensacola
-The first time he was at sea he still felt the ship rocking back and forth
-He was on the deck crew
-Got lines off the ship to get underway
-Spliced rope
-Older officers on the deck crew trained him
-They were good men, but they disciplined you if you did something wrong
-Enjoyed working on the carrier because he felt he was learning practical things
-Spent one week at sea, one week at Corpus Christi, and the rest of the time at Pensacola
-He felt it was boring duty
-Stationed on the USS Lexington from September 1966 to July 1967
(00:18:13) Downtime in Pensacola
-Went into Pensacola on leave
-Found it to be a pretty city
-Had never seen the Gulf of Mexico before
-New experience being in the South
-Remembers it was 75 degrees on Christmas Day 1966
-Going into the city got boring after a while
-There was a movie theater, a USO shop, and a place for sailors to sleep
-Befriended the men he worked with on the ship, and they went into Pensacola together
-Civilians in Pensacola treated the sailors pretty well
-Understood the servicemen were an integral part of the local economy
-As long as you weren't a troublemaker then the civilians didn't mind
-Found it hard to meet girls in Pensacola because they weren't interested in sailors
-Found them to be too transient

�-Girls liked the pilots better
(00:21:16) Awareness of the Vietnam War Pt. 2
-Didn't pay much attention to the Vietnam War
-Focused more on keeping up with his family and being in the Navy
(00:21:48) Getting Injured &amp; Orders for Vietnam
-Had an accident on the USS Lexington
-Worked in a compartment two decks below the fo’c’sle
-They were in the harbor at Corpus Christi
-He put everything away, went up the stairs, and slipped on a puddle of oil
-Which resulted in him slamming his jaw into the hatch on his way out
-He was taken to the hospital in Corpus Christi because he broke his jaw
-Had to have his jaw reset, wired shut, and he had to spend six weeks in the hospital
-The ship no longer needed him so he was sent to Charleston, South Carolina
-He thought he was going for a cruise in the Mediterranean Sea
-Instead, he received orders for Vietnam
-Shocking, but at the same time exciting
(00:25:36) Assignment to the USS Robert H. McCard (DD-822)
-Heard a petty officer on the USS Robert H. McCard (DD-822) needed laundry help
-He volunteered for that because he didn't want to be on the deck crew again
-Assigned to the destroyer, USS Robert H. McCard (DD-822)
-Named after a Marine, Robert H. McCard who was a Medal of Honor recipient
-Built at the end of World War II
-It rolled 15 to 20 degrees when it went to sea
-Had to delicately walk around the ship
-336 men aboard the ship
-Focused on antisubmarine warfare
-Rockets, torpedoes, and primitive drones for detecting submarines
-Converted to antisubmarine warfare after the Korean War
-Very small quarters
-Three high bunks with a footlocker for your possession
-Cramped eating quarters
-Had to quickly eat and move so other crewmen could eat
-There was decent food on the ship
-Baked its own bread and they had fresh food every week
-Had movies in the mess hall at night
(00:30:52) Duties on the USS Robert H. McCard (DD-822)
-Washing machines on the ship could wash 150 pounds of laundry in one cycle
-Weighed laundry bags to see how much laundry they could wash
-Had to wash and press officers' uniforms
-Did that for enlisted men's dress uniforms as a favor
-Worked eight hour shifts in the laundry room
-Three men worked in the laundry room, one at a time
-Men working in the engine room needed to have their clothes washed separately
-Worked on the night shift (11 PM to 7 AM)
-Nobody was up and bothering him
-Spent his time reading when he wasn't working
-Wasn't difficult work
-Had different work when they went to general quarters
-Specific duty for an emergency or if the ship was under attack

�-Worked in the aft aid station on a sound-powered telephone
-If someone got hurt he would be the first to relay that information
-Aid station was in the ship's barber shop
(00:35:04) Deployment to Vietnam
-Left the United States on November 1, 1967
-Sailed past Florida, through the Caribbean Sea, and to the Panama Canal
-All of the ships lined up at the Panama Canal to go through the locks
-It was very hot
-Had to refuel on the Pacific Ocean side of the Panama Canal
-Went to a huge warehouse that served as a bar
-Sailed to San Diego, then on to Hawaii, to Guam, and then to Subic Bay, Philippines
-Took a month to get to Subic Bay
-Got off the ship at San Diego
-Pretty city
-Not very Navy friendly
-There were a lot of interesting places to see
-Visited the San Diego Zoo at Balboa Park
-Spent three days there
-Hawaii was a really different place
-Friend was stationed in Pearl Harbor
-Went and visited his friend
-Had Thanksgiving Dinner 1967 together
-Not allowed to get off the ship at Guam because it was a strategic base
-Subic Bay served as hub for ships serving at Yankee Station off the coast of Vietnam
-Served as a place to get supplies
-Base was near the city of Olongapo
-It was a wild and different city
-There were bars everywhere and entertainment for sailors and Marines
-Decided that he was young and ought to take advantages of the opportunity
-First time in a foreign country
-Told not to leave the main street in Olongapo
-Told not to expect protection from the local police
-Told to avoid being alone in the city
-Easy to get mugged
(00:42:07) Yankee Station
-Ship was sent to Yankee Station in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of Vietnam
-Nicknamed the “Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club”
-There were two aircraft carriers
-Jets flying into Vietnam for bombing missions
-Destroyer provided two things:
-Pilot recovery if a plane went down in the Gulf of Tonkin
-Radar screen
-Carriers used their radar to track their own planes
-Destroyers watched for incoming enemy aircraft and ships
-Spent 21 days on station their first time
-Second time was during the Tet Offensive and the USS Pueblo Incident in January 1968
-The carriers had to provide air support to ground forces or go to North Korea
-Stayed on station for 32 days
-Incredibly tedious

�-Had to rendezvous with ships to get refueled and resupplied
-Got mail every three or four days to every two weeks
-Helicopters from carriers brought mail to the destroyers
-Needed to get ammunition resupplied
-Helicopters took off casings and a ship brought in fresh ammunition
-Provided gunfire support
-Meant they supported troops near the demilitarized zone or south of the demilitarized zone
-If US troops were under attack the ship sailed to within three miles of the shore to fire
-North Vietnamese had the ability to return fire at American ships
-Feared getting hit by NVA artillery and being forced overboard
(00:50:52) Emergency Leave
-Grandmother got very sick, so the Red Cross got Robert emergency leave
-He was picked up by a helicopter and taken to an aircraft carrier
-Flown to Subic Bay and spent the night there
-Flew to Guam, then to Hawaii, then to San Francisco
-Went from Chicago to Michigan
-Got two weeks of leave
-Ship went on gunfire support shortly after he left for emergency leave
-Able to attend his grandmother's funeral
(00:54:32) Public Opinion of Vietnam War
-While he was home on emergency leave he got an idea of what civilians thought of the war
-Went to a college party
-People asked if he had killed anyone
-Wide variety of opinions concerning the war
-He noticed a lot of dissent concerning the war
-Didn't want to argue with anyone about the war
-After the Navy, when he was at college, he only associated with other veterans
-Wanted to avoid tension or conflict
(00:56:20) Temporary Duty
-Sent to Charleston for temporary duty until the USS Robert H. McCard returned
-Worked in the laundry room on a ship in Charleston
-Pressed clothes all day and enjoyed that duty
(00:57:22) Barber Duty on the USS Robert H. McCard
-Rejoined the USS Robert H. McCard as a barber
-Received two weeks of training
-Did that until he left the ship
-Very routine since the haircuts were basically all the same
-Had a commodore as a regular customer
-Had been in the Navy for a long time
-Got to know each other fairly well
-Had evenings off
-Started at 8 AM and worked until 5 PM
-Cut the hair of officers and enlisted men
-Easy duty
-Met and got to know everyone on the ship
(01:00:41) Repairs &amp; Shakedown Cruise
-Had to go into dry dock for repairs
-He helped in the laundry room while the ship got repairs
-Once repairs were complete they went on a shakedown cruise to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

�-Note: Shakedown cruise is done after a ship gets repairs, insuring repairs held up
-Got to see some of the Caribbean islands
(01:02:17) Operation Silver Tower
-Participated in Operation Silver Tower in the north Atlantic Ocean
-Using new radar that made them look like a merchant ship on a radar scope
-They also put up lights to make the destroyer look more like a merchant ship
-Job was to “infiltrate” the area of operations of other NATO ships
-Command wanted to see how well the new radar worked
-Sailed to Nova Scotia, to Greenland, then to the North Sea
-Operated in the North Sea, undetected, before announcing who they really were
-Interesting operation
(01:04:25) Repairs in England
-A hole formed in the hull so they sailed to Southampton, England for repairs
-Spent three days in England
-Got to go ashore in Southampton and visit London, twice
-People in Southampton were very hospitable toward Americans
-Americans were a novelty in London
-Saw the Crown Jewels
-Visited Piccadilly Circus
-Saw the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace
(01:05:58) Storm in the Atlantic Ocean
-Left England and began sailing across the Atlantic Ocean to return to the United States
-Ran into a major storm and had to sail south to avoid it
-Wound up near the Azores off the coast of Africa
-Ship listed 30 degrees in both directions
-Had some leaking because of the force of the storm
-Glad to get back to land
-He had experienced a storm before when the ship participated in Operation Silver Tower
-Sailed through a storm in the North Sea
-Storm in the Atlantic was far more powerful though
-He didn't get seasick in the storm, and most men didn't either, but a few did
(01:08:25) Soviet Presence
-Always aware that the Soviets monitored NATO operations
-Didn't know the purpose of the operation, but knew they were happening
-Some friends in the Baltic Sea told him they encountered Soviet submarines
-The submarines didn't attack, but they did make their presence known
-Conducted antisubmarine drills to prepare for the possibility of a Soviet attack
-Chased around American submarines
-Difficult because the American nuclear submarines were faster than the destroyer
(01�:10:37) Assignment to the USS New (DD-818)
-Returned to the United States and shortly thereafter got reassigned to a different ship
-Different jobs became available to enlisted men
-Opportunity came up for him to work in ship store records
-Sent to Norfolk, Virginia to board the USS New (DD-818) as the ship serviceman clerk
-Had to pass a school before joining the crew in that position
-As the ship serviceman clerk he took care of three areas:
-Accounted for money spent on the ship
-Bought goods for the ship
-Kept track of duty-free goods (cigarettes and alcohol mostly)

�-Sailed down to the Caribbean Sea to pick up alcohol
-Each sailor was allowed a gallon of alcohol
-Some men didn't drink, but they took their ration anyway to give to other sailors
-This led to some sailors having three gallons of alcohol as opposed to one
-Cigarettes were only 10 cents a pack
-Customs agents came aboard to keep track of how many cases of cigarettes the ship had
-Came aboard before the ship left to note how many were on the ship
-Came aboard after the ship returned to see how many cases had been sold
-If the number they counted didn't match with Robert's ledger there would be problems
-If they believed Robert had altered the numbers he could have faced jail time
-Worked with an accountant that had worked for the Pillsbury Company
-He was very helpful and kept very good records
-For the sale of cigarettes it worked something like this:
-They left port with a number of cases
-Sailors would then buy the cases and Robert kept track of how many he sold
-If he sold X number of cases, then Y number of cases needed to remain
-Sailors were only allowed to buy duty-free cigarettes once they were at least three miles to sea
(01:15:54) Places Visited
-Got to go ashore in Hong Kong
-Extraordinary city
-Went to Tiger Balm Garden
-Murals, sculptures, pagoda
-There were tailors in the city that could make a good, but inexpensive suit in only 48 hours
-Visited the British naval club
-Traveled with friends whenever he could
-Went to Tiger Balm Garden on his own, but was with a group of tourists
-Visited Kaohsiung, Taiwan and went to the British naval club
-Huge club with a bar and a casino
-By traveling with the Navy he got to experience a lot of new things he otherwise wouldn't have
-Went to Montego Bay, Jamaica
-Went to the island of Saint Croix in the US Virgin Islands
-Spent a week there
-Got to go aboard an American submarine
-Cut hair for the men on the submarine and they all tipped him a $1
-He had never gotten tips before
-Worked in the forward torpedo room
-Got to eat dinner and have ice cream with the crew
-Had to sign a document that said where he was if something happened to him
-Got to go into the periscope room and watch as the sub submerged
-All of the hotels on Saint Croix were privately owned
-USO gave passes to servicemen so they could stay at the hotels and use the beaches
-Remembers going from Christiansted to Frederiksted
-On the way, he and his friends passed a place with a gathering of luxury cars
-Decided to go in and see what was going on
-Got some food from the buffet and a few drinks
-One of the guests asked who he was
-Simply responded that he worked for the government and was left alone
(01:22:56) Treatment of Veterans
-There were a lot of times when he didn't get respect as a Vietnam War veteran

�-In his hometown he remembers the World War II veterans got respect
-Had to wait 45 years for people to finally acknowledge and thank him for his service
-Family always respected him for his service, but other people only tolerated that he was a veteran
(01:24:27) End of Service
-Didn't want to have to go to sea every six or nine months if he stayed in the Navy
-Most of the jobs he'd had in the Navy weren't fit for shore duty
-Didn't want to be in the Navy Reserve because he still would have had active duty obligations
-Couldn't see himself making a career out of the Navy
-President Nixon was starting to downsize the military in 1970
-This resulted in men being discharged 90 days earlier than originally planned
-He was discharged at the end of February 1970
(01:26:23) Life after the Service
-Planned on going to college, getting married, and leaving his service behind him
-Met his first wife when he was home on leave
-They got engaged when he was still in the Navy
-Got married in 1971
-His son was born in 1972
-Wife was always proud of his service
-Went to college to study business
-Studied at Grand Rapids Junior College (now Community College) for one year
-Transferred to Western Michigan University
-Graduated from there in 1974
-Worked for Steketee's Department Store
-Worked as the assistant buyer for men's ware
-Became a sales manager
-Worked in boy's ware
-Had difficulty making money in that position though
-Worked as a manager for a national clothing company
-Problem with that job is it required a lot of travel
-Got a job in customer service with a local cable company
-Worked for them for 26 years
-Got a job in inventory control
-Worked that job for 20 years then retired
(01:30:32) American Legion
-Eventually decided to get involved with a veterans' organization
-Apprehensive about joining a veterans' organization due to being a Vietnam War veteran
-Filled out an application for the American Legion in 2008
-Visited different posts until he discovered Post #258
-Joined American Legion Post #258 in Grand Rapids, Michigan
-Only for Navy, Marine, and Coast Guard veterans
-Founded in 1922 by World War I veterans
-They were sailors and Marines that had served with the French as artillery crews
-Befriended some of the men at the post
-Became the 2nd vice commander, then 1st vice commander, and finally the commander
(01:33:43) Reflections on Servie
-Service allowed him to believe in himself
-Learned a lot about himself that he didn't know before he joined the Navy
-Instilled in him a sense of awareness
-Not only did he have responsibilities for himself, but for other people as well

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Boring, Frank</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project
Wade C. Cratsenberg
(00:54: 15)
(0:00) Growing up
• Born Wilcox Hospital, MI
• first of seven kids
• kindergarten through grade school went to a lot of different country schools
o dad drove truck so moved a lot
(2:20) Losing a finger
• At 12 years old, lost 2nd finger on left hand at first joint
• When enlisting, Cratsenberg had to have 2 or 3 sets of fingerprints taken because
the officers couldn’t decide if they wanted to print his stub of a finger or leave the
box blank
• During enlistment, a lieutenant told Cratsenberg he was going to get a medical
discharge due to his finger
• Cratsenberg was angry and said that it wasn’t his trigger finger and that he was
right handed and could shoot with either hand
(5:54) High school
• Attended 1 or 2 country schools
• Graduated from high school in 1964
(7:23) After high school
• Enlisted in the Navy
o Aviation and metalsmith with a cross training in hydraulics
• After the Navy, went into general mechanic work
(8:12) First days of basic training and the Navy uniform
• Basic was at Great Lakes, IL
• Had a hell of a time passing swimming – “swam like a rock”
• Every part of naval uniform is designed to be a floatation device
o Hat = if snap the brim down and put between legs, it will keep your lower
half afloat
o Pants = tie a knot in each cuff and can be used as water wings
o Blue shirt = if blow it up with air, it will keep you afloat
(10:07) More about basic training
• Learned to tie all kinds of knots and splice a rope or line
o Slip, half hitch, square, etc.
• Firefighting around naval air
• Learned how to put petroleum fire out with water
• Had to go through a “smoke house” for training
o Learned to put on gas mask with in the smoke house that was so filled
with smoke, could not see your hand
(15:30) Barracks

�• Same as the ones used in WWII
• 1 sheet board, bunks
• 150 people in a barracks
• 3 doors in the entire place
• Shower and bathrooms = no privacy
(17:11) After basic training
• Went to metalsmith school in Millington, TN for 2-3 months
• went to Naval Air Station on southern tip of San Francisco Bay, CA
• 3 squadrons – VR8, VR7, VR22
o VR8 (Mofit Field) was maintenance
o VR7 and VR22 were flying squadrons
• Cratsenberg was a part of VR8
o utilized and C-130s , which were some of the old military transport
services (aka military airlift command)
o the planes and supplies = Air Force
o bases = Navy
(19:37) Advanced training on a typical day
• Learned every aspect of how to make a patch using a doubler, how to put in
rivets, etc.
• In depth discussion of putting in rivets and how air planes were patched
(26:28) Transitioning to VR7
• Took A-7 course at Naval Air Station 42 miles out of Fresno toward coast of CA
• Became part of the training squadron
o Trained maintenance and pilots on A7 course prior to going over to
Vietnam
 Trained maintenance in how to maintain and repair planes
 Trained pilots how to fly, take off and land on aircraft carriers
(30:03) Aircraft carriers
• Would be out on the carriers for 2 weeks at a time
• Job on the carrier was the “final check”
o Check tail hooks and grease before the take off
o Very dangerous position
 If pilots miss arresting cable when the come in, the have “a wild
plane” coming at you
 If plane fails to take off, it would blow up next to you
• On the biggest aircraft carriers the military had at that time
o Coral Sea
o Kitty Hawk
o Ranger
(32:44) Living quarters on the aircraft carriers
• Sleeping spaces had ceilings not over 8 feet tall and bunks stacked 3 high
• 3 decks on the ship
(35:10) Duties on aircraft carriers
• Served three 2-week stints on the carriers
• In between stints, back at naval base

�• Discusses in great detail the work done on planes
(45:13) Discharge
• Once discharged, took a bus from Lemark, CA to MI
o Big homecoming
(47:02) Impact of the Navy
• Used training in hydraulics and metal smithing for years
• Worked close to home
o Garages and truck shops
 Did a lot of work on diesel engines
 In high school, worked for Detroit Diesel when it was called GM
Diesel
(50:00) Life now
• In late 1980s, took a fall that left him paralyzed from the waist down
• Last 5 or 6 years the injury has extended to being neck down

�</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455"&gt;Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner &amp; Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. </text>
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                    <text>COVID 19 Journal Entry

This whole COVID-19 situation has been a very interesting. When this whole thing got announced and
school was moved to online, I did not think I was going to have to go home. However, when the stay in
place was on the verge of being announced, I decided that it was best to move from my off-campus
apartment back to my hometown. I only packed a little bit of stuff, because I was not expecting it go on
for this long. It has been good to be around family, but I miss school and being around my friends.
Online classes have been an adjustment as well. The workload was a little more than actual in person
classes, but with time management it was not bad at all. A lot of professors have been really
understanding and helpful. Giving adequate time to complete assignments and realizing that technical
difficulties happen. Most professors have been stressing the importance of staying safe and healthy
over everything, and to make sure that we are taking care of our minds and bodies. I have really
appreciated the support from all of my professors. I am in the pre-Pa club on campus. The CVOID-19
situation pretty much shut the club down and moved all communication and mock elections for next
year to online. I was also supposed to be going on a Physician Assistant club trip to do service work in
Mexico. It was going to be a really cool experience and help with grad school applications; however, the
trip was cancelled. Originally, I was very bummed about this. I know It is for the best though, and they
provided trip vouchers and are working on getting refunds so hopefully in the future I can participate in
this trip. My daily life has been a challenge. It is really hard to stay active during this time, but I am
trying my best. Whenever it is nice outside, I try and get some fresh air because that seems to help a
lot with being stuck in one place. I also try and workout every other day or so. I have been playing video
games super late into the night because it seems to be the only time that I can communicate with all of
my friends and seems somewhat normal. Thankfully, I do not know anybody who has been affected by
COVID. I do work in a nursing home. Ever since going back to my hometown I have been unable to
work, but I am hoping to be able to get back to work soon. There have been zoom meetings for my
work every single week, and new guidelines being sent out every few days to keep residents safe.
Hopefully, things continue to get better and everyone stays safe and healthy.

�</text>
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                  <text>This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. &#13;
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The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. </text>
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                  <text>Epidemics</text>
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                  <text>Grand Valley State University</text>
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                <text>The Arboretum represents the most valuable thing the GVSU campus provides me: a space to learn, grow, and build communities. The Arboretum is essentially a park, a place for plants to grow and animals and students to congregate. It's simple places like these, areas where I and my peers are free to exist and socialize outside of other influences that I've seen the most personal growth and community growth on campus.</text>
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                <text>That small red smudge is a cardinal that had been resting on the vine covered awning outside the Arboretum. I believe that if you create the space for beauty and love, then beauty and love will flourish. Even if some beautiful things are fleeting, and prone to fly away. The communities we make and participate in while we are at college are often impermanent. Still, their beauty and importance cannot be understated, and more will surely follow in their wake. So long as students are given the space, resources, and freedom to create them.</text>
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                  <text>During the 2024 Winter semester at GVSU, the Kaufman Interfaith Institute and Interfaith Photovoice hosted nine students from different religious, spiritual, and secular backgrounds for a semester-long cohort centered on storytelling. By using predominantly mobile-phone photography, these students explored what it meant to believe and belong on campus and in the greater West Michigan community. This project was designed to help capture their experiences and stories, to enable them to find their voice through photography. The cohort culminated in an exhibition displayed on multiple GVSU campuses and curated by the students around three self-selected themes: Religious &amp; Spiritual Practices, Barriers to Belonging, and Creating Welcoming Spaces.</text>
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                <text>This is my Chimarrão mug next to my backyard fireplace. Chimarrão is a indigenous tea from my home region of south Brasil.  It's immensely popular and is often shared and passed around at parties and other gatherings. For me, it represents what I most value from the communities I grew up in and the ones I've found and created since then, which is the opportunity to sit around, drink, and talk with a group of friends who I love and love me in return.</text>
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