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                    <text>Living with PFAS
Interviewer: Danielle DeVasto
Interviewee: Courtney Carignan
Date of Interview: 2022-11-18
Danielle DeVasto: I'm Dani DeVasto, and today, November 18, 2022. I have the pleasure of chatting with
Dr. Courtney Carignan. Hi Courtney.
Courtney Carignan: Hi
Danielle DeVasto: Courtney, can you tell me about where you're from and where you currently live?
Courtney Carignan: I'm originally from New Hampshire, and I currently live in mid-Michigan and work at
Michigan State.
Danielle DeVasto: Uh, how long have you been at Michigan State?
Courtney Carignan: Since 2017.
Danielle DeVasto: Courtney, can you tell me a story about your experience with PFAS or with PFAS in
your community?
Courtney Carignan: I sure can. Um, so I started actually first got involved in PFAS, um, when I was
doing a postdoc in Boston, and I was living in Southern New Hampshire, um, and actually in Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, which is right on the coast. Um, and I saw in the paper, our, our community, uh, news
Seacoast online, there was a woman who wanted PFAS blood testing for her kids, because PFASs had
been detected in the drinking water of Pease Tradeport, which is at the former Pease Air Force Base,
and, um, I guess the State had told her that they would do the testing and then a year later they still
hadn't done it and were saying now that they couldn't, she was getting very upset. Um, and so I actually
had training in PFAS, um, I have a degree in, a Ph.D. in environmental health from the Boston University
School of Public Health. And, um, I was trained in under a training grant called Environmental
Epidemiology in Community Settings, and I worked on flame retardant, human exposure flame retardants,
and, um, I was actually at that time doing a post doc on fertility and flame retardants at Harvard. And, um,
so anyway, so I had a lot of training, and you know, how to provide support, technical support for PFAS
impacted communities. And my advisor at BU had worked on the C health study. So people in my
research group had been working on PFAS for, you know, the past five years or more. Um, and so I just
sort of happened to know a lot about PFAS, um, and, you know, saw her in the paper. And so, um, I
asked the reporter to tell me, you know, to connect us, and I connected with her and started providing her
with technical support and started trying with her, the State with technical support. Um, 'cause I, you
know, seem to know more about PFAS than anybody in the area. Um, and you know, Andrea went on to
found testing for Pease. She was able to get PFAS blood testing for over 2000 people who worked, um,
or was at, were at daycare at Pease Tradeport. Um, from that we learned that PFHXS is, which is, which
is a PFAS that has a very long half life. It stays in the body for, uh, quite a long time. Um, that this was
something that was part of the, astroblast mixture. So people with astroblast, source of drinking water
contamination, um, have this kind of unique signature of PFAS in their bodies that, you know, at the time
really wasn't understood at all. So, um, I can remember people misunderstanding the blood test results
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�from Pease as, oh, well their levels aren't that high, but they were looking at PFOA, which is not a major
part of AFFF. Um, and if you looked over at the PFHXS, it was quite high, you know, um, a lot of people
in, in the community had levels that were elevated above, above what you see in the, the general
population. So, um, I worked with Andrea for a few years, and then we helped organize the, uh, national
PFAS conference. The first one that was at Northeastern University, um, we put in a proposal to NIHS,
um, to do more work on understanding effects, uh, of PFAS in the immune systems of children exposed
to 00:03:59 ___________ Pease and also had to community in Massachusetts. Um, and then I got
recruited to MSU and I came here. Um, and since I, you know, since I came here, a few communities
have learned about actually many communities have learned about PFAS contamination. Um, so I should
have mentioned another thing that I did when I was at, um, Harvard is I was part of a, a group that wrote
a paper, uh, using the UCMR3 data. So this is data from EPA, uh, that EPA had on PFAS across the
country and drinking water. We were able to get that out and published. Uh, we found that over 6 million
people had likely been served by PFAS impacted drinking water. Um, and we were able to sort of see
that people were more likely to have drinking water contamination if they lived, if the drinking water
system was closer to, um, a place that used Atripla for training airports, wastewater treatment plants. Um,
and so that paper really, um, set off, um, monitoring in places or helped set off monitoring places.
Michigan was one place that started doing statewide monitoring of public drinking water systems. Um,
and that happened shortly after I came to MSU and, um, you know, that's how a lot of communities found
out about their contamination, but of course, you know, um, in Rockford they had found out a different
way. And I think you have a lot of videos of people explaining that situation. Um, and then Portsmith
obviously found out was one of the first sites in the United States to discover PFAS contamination. Um,
so I've been working, you know, with those communities, provided them with technical sports. Since I
came to Michigan, um, I've been working with communities in the southeastern part of the State, um, that
had quite high levels detected in their water through the statewide monitoring. I have a small exposure
study, uh, where we're looking at exposure, via drinking water, diet and indoor environment. Um, so we
know that drinking water is the main way that, so if you have elevated PFAS in your drinking water, um,
we know that it's a, a large contributor to exposure and that's why, you know, a lot of the interventions are
focused around drinking water. Um, and so, you know, that's the main focus, but, but we also know in the
general population that the main exposure is through diet. Um, and so the question that comes up in a lot
of communities is, you know, if they have my drinking water, um, treated, and we intervene and, and
reduce or eliminate hopefully PFAS and the drinking water, um, do I have an ongoing elevated sources of
exposure? So for example, through local and homegrown foods, so some communities have been told
not to, you know, eat chicken eggs, not to eat the produce in the gardens. Um, if they irrigated using
PFAS contained water and so forth. So communities have found elevating level 00:06:59 ___________ in
fish or fish advisories for many PFAS impact communities. Um, and right, so this is a important question.
So that's one, one of the questions that we've really working on for the past few years, um, and then the
other, we got our, that NIHS project funded. And, um, I think what we've recognized, you know, through

Page 2

�work on contaminants over the years, I've been working on contamination issues for 20 years now. And I
look young, but I'm not actually that young. Um, so, you know, I've been working in this area for a long
time. And what we've, what we've found is that, um, you know, no one research group can effectively help
all communities, you know, not anyone scientists can do all the work that needs to be done. And so, um,
a big part of our project is, you know, trying to build out resources for PFAS impacted communities. We
started doing this before, you know, good resources really existed on federal or State agency websites.
Um, and we think has been, you know, hopefully have been used as a model for a lot of those websites
and help them, you know, um, give them ideas for how to improve and vice versa. Um, but we have a
website called the PFAS exchange. So ww.pfas-exchange.org, and we put up a lot of different tools to
help PFAS impact communities and also to help ourselves because we get a lot of emails from people.
Um, and it's really helpful to be able to refer them somewhere where all the, you know, things that we
think are useful for them are also located. So we have a tool that helps people understand their water.
Our blood test results, so puts them into context. Um, so one of the water tool will compare your water
results to state and federal agency advi, you know, advisories or MCLs. Um, and that's really complicated
'cause they're always changing, and there's a lot of, you know, to, to sort of dig up all that information on
your own as a, you know, even as somebody who works in PFAS is a lot of work. And so, um, it's a really
helpful tool, I think for people and also for professionals to be able to use, um, and then also compares
you to sort of a representative levels across the country. Um, and I think what you notice when you look
at that tool is that, you know, a lot of places are elevated above, you know, what the guideline, which
seems to just continue to decrease as we learn more about the toxicities of chemicals. Um, and then the
blood tool does something similar except there's no, I don't, I don't think we've come to a great guidance
level yet for whats safe in blood. Um, we see effects of PFAS in the general population in general
population levels. Um, so, you know, we think that we're, well, we know that we're all exposed, and we
think from the data that we have so far, um, in the literature, et cetera, that, you know, these are affecting
people at general population levels. Um, and of course that risk goes up as you're more highly exposed
and as you have more risk factors, um, and that communication is always difficult with people with, you
know, known occupational or drinking water exposures that, um, you know, just because you see this list
of health effects, it doesn't mean you're gonna get it. 'cause you've been exposed, we've all been
exposed. Some people have been exposed at higher levels than other people. And some people have
been exposed at much higher levels than other people. Everyone has been exposed unwittingly. Um, and
you know, there's a lot of risk factors that go into why would, why would you get a disease? Um, and so,
you know, reducing your exposure moving forward and um, you know, talking to your doctor and trying to
reduce your other risk factors and monitoring. So, um, I was part of, um, uh, community liaison for the
national academies of engineering and sciences. And 00:11:01 ___________ just did a study on PFAS,
um, blood testing and medical monitoring. Um, so as part of that group, and they came up with some nice
guidance for clinicians, for talking about to their doctors or for clinicians talking to their patients, they have
a nice guidance. Actually they came up with, um, some numbers so that people with levels in their blood

Page 3

�could, um, you know, sort of understand better doctors in particular could look at blood levels and then,
you know, make some, uh, informed decisions about screening. So there are medical screening guidance
that exist out there. We have one on the PFAS exchange on the resources page. Uh, it's a companion
guidance, so there's one for clinicians, and there's one for, uh, community members, and they're, you
know, really kind of meant to be used together. Um, and then we have a new resources page for
clinicians, and we've just put our new, um, continuing medical education video up there that we made
with, you know, um, PFAS experts and physicians and, um, people who've been impacted by PFAS. Um,
so that's up on our website now along with other tools for clinicians. So we're still building that out. Um,
and sorry. I feel like I'm like, um, going around a little bit um, this has been helpful information so far.
Danielle DeVasto: Absolutely. Yeah. I mean, that's kind of the way some of the PFAS stories works. I
feel like it kind of wins and winds its way around and kind of gets into everything in its own weird way.
Um, it sounds though like your, the PFAS exchange is still something that's kind of actively evolving or
kind of growing. It sounds like?
Courtney Carignan: Mm-hmm.
Danielle DeVasto: Are there any, um, obvious next steps that you guys have in mind or other ways that
you'd like to see it kind of keep evolving?
Courtney Carignan: Well, another recent evolution has been, um, a new map. So we have a mapping
tool on there under the community, connecting communities tab that, um, shares PFAS site data across
the country. And then also, um, my collaborators came up with this idea of, um, suspect sources. So they
actually map all, you know, kind of entities that may use PFAS in their, you know, processes, um, or at
PFAS. And so they've mapped all of those, and I mean the map just like lights up completely, and it helps
you see like all the places. 'Cause I think one of the things that is hard to communicate about PFAS is
that, you know, there's a whole lot of them. I think the, the number keeps growing. I think the last I
remember is like 20,000 PFASs um, when I started, I, I mean, I feel like just a few years ago we were
saying like 9,000 or 4,000 or 2,000. Um, so the number really gone up a lot and um, you know, I, I tend to
talk about them as legacy PFASs. So we know a lot about PFOA and PFOS health effects of these
PFAS. We've been for a long time that were faced out a decade ago in the U.S., all of a, of them. Um,
some countries have continued to produce some overseas, uh, in that time, but you know, in the U.S.,
we've been using other PFAS for many years now. And so we tend to talk about those as current use
PFAS. So, you know, there's been a focus on monitoring for legacy PFASs and a lot of the data that's out
there is legacy PFASs, it's a small panel. Um, and so a lot of our work focuses on looking at expanded
panels that include current use PFASs and talking about current use PFASs um, because, you know, it's,
it's basically doing a bunch of different jobs at the same time. You're looking back at all of the
contamination that's occurred over the past, you know, basically my lifetime, our lifetimes, right. Um, and
trying to clean it up, you know, for these bad, very persistent PFASs. And then there's all these new
PFASs that, you know, as we learn more about them, we're learning, you know, that they can act in
similar ways, a lot of them are less persistent. Some of them are precursors to the legacy PFASs of

Page 4

�PFOA, um, and the, the chemistries are very complicated. I work with a lot of analytical chemists and, you
know, part of the challenge of looking at PFAS in food is that, you know, different types of food are
different types of complicated matrices and the, um, chemistry just didn't exist, you know, to be able to, to
reliably, um, quantify large panels of PFAS and food. And then also, um, there are these interferences in
food that will give you false positives. Um, and so it's just, it's very complicated, and you know, I'm not
analytical chemist, but my work relies on good analytical chemistry. So, um, that's, that's a big challenge
for PFAS. We're just like we just been playing catch up. Um, I just feel like since I started working on it,
we're just playing catch up and, um, really communicating about, you know, moving to floral polymers,
um, doesn't solve the life lifecycle issue of PFAS, which is that you're creating, you know, you're using
PFASs to create Flor polymers, and then they're eventually gonna, um, break down back into PFAS over
time. You know, we think that hope right, that floral polymers are reducing exposure to the consumer and
during the lifetime of the, um, during the, you know, use portion of the product, but we know that, you
know, we're not completely solving the problem of PFAS that it's, um, really a life cycle issue. And, uh,
yeah, I'm not, did that answer your question? Did I just go off on like another —
Danielle DeVasto: No, I mean, it, it raised a lot of really interesting points and, um, you know, uh, wow.
And like, it actually makes me think of like probably five more questions that I could ask. Um, but one of
the things that struck me about what you're saying too, is that I'm thinking I'm listening and hearing all of
these different people that you're collaborating with to kind of, to do your work, you know, analytical
chemists, um, all the collaborators that you have as far as like creating the PFAS exchange, the
communities that you're interfacing with. And it just, um, it seems like you're, you're involved in a lot of
different kinds of conversations about PFAS, you know, whether it's talking about kind of like the, like the
chemical makeup and like the really technical nitty gritty, or talking with people who just wanna
understand like their test results or what to do next. And I guess, you know, having kind of worked in this
realm now for 20 some years, um, what, like, can you, can you say more about that or like what you've
learned by doing some of this, this interfacing between all these different groups in order to do your work?
Courtney Carignan: Um, I don't know. I, I mean, it's complicated. It's not, you know, we were talking
about this before a little bit before we started filming that, you know, it's a really complicated landscape
and that what I've learned. And I think I learned, you know, within the first decade of working on these
kinds of issues was that no, you know, so I, I got my Ph.D. 'cause I was working in a community where
they had drinking water contamination of trichloroethylene. It was a rural community in Pennsylvania and,
um, people there really weren't being told much, you know, I kind of witnessed on 'cause I was, I was
working in the community for two years doing the response action. I was a consultant. Um, we were, you
know, consulting for the responsible party. And so I got this unique, you know, I don't think it's a unique
look in, in terms of consulting. That's what consultants do, but it's unique in the sense of academic
academics, don't tend to have this perspective. Um, so I really saw what happens in a community when
this kind of contamination is discovered and, you know, understood what I thought they needed. I thought
they needed studies. So I went back to it, got my Ph.D. Um, I thought they needed people who knew

Page 5

�about contamination could help them, which is true. Um, and you know, I think in the process getting my
Ph.D. and then, you know, providing technical support at Pease, I realized that or learned, um, through
that work that again, you know, scientists and researchers do not have all the answers and do not work
on their own, which, um, I'm sure people told me along the way through my training, um, you know, you
hear that referred to the importance of community engaged work and the importance of working with your
agencies. Um, but I didn't really understand that until, you know, I started doing it and making lots of, you
know, probably lots of mistakes along the way. Um, 'cause it's very humbling to, you know, want to do all
of this work and then realize like you cannot achieve [LAUGHTER] the things that you think need to be
done without, you know, um, these relationships
Danielle DeVasto: That's, that's so true., it's so true. And because, you know, as you said, this isn't just
the legacy PFAS, it's kind of an evolving, it's an evolving story. Um, it's not just, you know, this one and
done kind of thing, which maybe leads me into my next question. Um, thinking about PFAS contamination
moving forward, what kinds of concerns do you have?
Courtney Carignan: Um, so I'm, you know, I'm concerned about our ability to monitor for and make
progress on the current use PFAS issue, right? The tap is still on, it feels very urgent, um, to make
progress on that issue quickly. Um, and while simultaneously, you know, addressing all of the legacy
pollution, you know, kind of how do we do that all at the same time? Um, the, you know, I, I do a lot of
biomonitoring and health studies. Um, that's my main, the main thing that I, if there's a main thing I focus
on, that's it, um, it's the, you know, maybe one of the things I'm best at, and you know, the way that we
monitor for exposure to legacy PFASs is easy in the sense that you do a blood draw. Um, we just
developed, um, or validated a new finger prick test, which is kinda exciting, um, because getting a blood
draw is there's a lot of barriers for people. So we've been working on those kinds of issues as part of the
reason we have the clinician resources page, we've got lots of resources there to help people get PFAS,
blood testing, 'cause that's one of the main things that people tell us that they want when they find out
that they've exposed. Um, but you know, legacy PFASs you can detect them in the blood for a very long
time after exposure. So if you were exposed five years ago, and you were exposed to PFLS or EFFF um,
and you do a PFAS blood test, um, and opposing your drinking water, you know, you could actually back
back calculate what your exposure was five years ago. Like we understand, you know, the behavior in the
body well enough that we can do that. Um, whereas with current use PFASs, they're gonna be eliminating
from the body more quickly. They're still persistent, but not as persistent. And so when, if you're doing bio
monitoring the blood, um, and you are ignoring the fact that all these different PFASs have different, you
know, longevity in the blood, um, you are not gonna understand exposure correctly. Um, and so I think
that's as an exposure scientist, I think, I think, you know, sort of the, the thing I'm thinking about the most
right now is, you know, I think a lot about like how, how not to do harm and how to make sure my work is
not harming anyone and making mistakes like that could be very big mistakes. So, um, being careful
about, you know, how do we make sure that we are understanding people's exposures and representing
them correctly, not only exposure assessment, but also importantly, in these environmental epidemiology

Page 6

�studies, because exposure misclassification is one of the biggest problems in expo, uh, environmental
epidemiology. Um, if you don't have exposure assessed well, um, you have a bias towards the mill, which
means you're more likely to conclude there's no effect when one, in fact is there
Danielle DeVasto: Can you just for people who maybe are listening and don't know, can you say a little
bit more about what biomonitoring is?
Courtney Carignan: So bio biomonitoring is, um, testing for or monitoring for, um, usually, you know, in
my context, contaminants in the body are in biological matrices. So in people, um, you know where we're
testing blood or urine or hair or fingernails, or, you know, you know, different biological fluids or matrices.
Um, and you know, before, when I was a consultant, we'd even do it. And in, in lots of people still do this,
right. Uh, you can do bio monitoring of, of IOTA also, um, but in my context I'm usually talking human
health studies.
Danielle DeVasto: Before we wrap, is there anything that you would like to add or, um, that we haven't
touched on today or anything you wanna go back to and say more about?
Courtney Carignan: Um, I mean, I, I plugged the PFAS exchange website. I think that's a really helpful
place for people to get information. Um, and you know, we do, you know, it is a work in progress.
Hopefully we can get funded to continue working on that, 'cause I think our project period is expiring, but,
um, you know, we, we always wanna make it better, and it's helpful to, you know, know from people not
only like what ways to improve it, but also, you know, sometimes we partner with people who can
volunteer their time or, [LAUGHTER] you know, can help us find funding to, to be able to continue
improve it. 'cause it is, like you said, I'm doing a lot of different things, and you know, spread pretty thin.
So it's, um, there's like the pie in the sky, what we wanna do. And then there's like the nuts and bolts of
getting it done and so people wanna, um, get connected. Uh that's great. And then I guess I would also
say, you know, I, I, I would encourage people who, you know, are exposed, and you know, wanna take
action. Um, there's a lot of different groups. So if you go to the PFAS exchange connection, connecting
communities page, uh, it'll help you find different groups that are working on PFAS and taking action in
their communities. And then we have a national PFAS contamination coalition, um, or shouldn't say we,
there is one, um, I serve, um, serve as a, you know, provide technical assistance for the coalition. Um,
and I provide technical assistance for a lot of community groups, you know, a lot of my funding, um, you
know, my salary, right. It's all comes from the public. So, you know, I see that work as, you know, as long
as I have the bandwidth to do it, you know, I'm gonna do that kinda work.
Danielle DeVasto: I imagine also find, find meaningful because it sounds like that's sort of, you know,
working with communities sounds like where your story started way back in Pennsylvania.
Courtney Carignan: Yeah. I mean, you know, I'm from a mill family. So my, um, grandfather actually was
a lumberjack in Maine and my grandmother worked at a shoe factory in Maine, Um, and you know, I'm,
you know, I'm from New Hampshire, but you know, we have a lot of, you know, my husband's family help
build the mills in New Hampshire. Um, so we kind of have this, um, history to our families that, um, you
know, we also are French Canadians, so we also have indigenous, you know, backgrounds. So, um, I

Page 7

�think I see those communities and, and I understand, you know, what challenges they face. Um, so yeah,
I do find a lot of meaning in that work.
Danielle DeVasto: Well, I have poked around the PFAS exchange website, and it looks awesome. I'm
very grateful to you guys for creating that. Seems like such a great resource in so many ways, and I'm
excited to see where it keeps going. Have you gotten much feedback about the website since it's launch?
Courtney Carignan: Yeah. I mean, mostly we get mostly we get, uh, feedback from the coalition 'cause
we meet with them and ask them, um, but, and then I have feedback from myself. Right. All things we
wanna do. [LAUGHTER' Um, so yeah, it's definitely a work in progress.
Well, I'm, I'm so glad that it's there, and I'm always happy to have it because you know, there are lots of
questions and there's so much information and confusing information. So having somewhere to be able to
send people is a really, seems like a really great thing. So.
Courtney Carignan: I guess another thing to mention is, um, that I am working with firefighters as well
cause firefighters have occupational exposures to PFAS. Um, and so I'm connected with a group that has
a website called PFAS for EPPE. Um, and I'm connected with the IFFF and, um, I'm doing a very small
exposure study on firefighters. I know that there's a bigger study going on in the State led by NDHHS, but,
um, I decided mention that as well, that, you know, occupational exposed groups, I think, um, you know,
there's been a lot of focus on drinking water. Um, and that's what I'm focusing on a lot on the last, you
know, five to 10 years. But, um, occupational exposure is something that is also very important, and
there's so many ways that people can occupation expose to PCOS and have no idea. So firefighters for a
long time were told that Atripla was like soap and water and, um, it's just, that's how they treated it. So
they, you know, exposed themselves, they, you know, spread it all over the environment. Um, PFASs are
used in, have been used in ski wax. Um, I'm trying to think of all 'cause I usually like rattle off a list of
occupations that you use PFAS and might not know.
Danielle DeVasto: Yeah. What are, what are a couple of the most surprising ones?
Courtney Carignan: Well, I mean, carpeting has been, you know, something that we were working on at
BU during my Ph.D. So our group was the first to show PFAS, you know, and in the indoor environment
from carpeting, um, and that, you know, it's in the air and dust and, and people also spray Scotchguard
on their furniture. It was very common in the past. I was at my local hot tub store last summer and didn't
get a hot tub, but I did notice that, uh, no, I wish I, they had a can of that kind of spray, and it actually said
on it, you know, perifluoro-, blah, blah, blah. And I was so shocked that they still sell this kind of spray.
And I told the cashier like, do you know what's in this? Um, so yeah, I mean that, those kinds of sprays
are still in the market and, you know, people, you know, for the past, you know, a few decades used to
spray it in their homes, um, parchment paper. Um, so the paper that you used to line, you know, holiday
seasons coming up and doing a lot of baking, um, I'm curious to know what PFASs are being replaced in
parchment paper. They think they're moving away from PFASs in food packaging, um, and food contact
papers. Um, and so I guess those are the two sort of indoor environments, I think about the most. Um, I
think UFM published a study on PFASs on floor wax, um, or they had a poster on it. So they found that it

Page 8

�was being used in the, those big machines that wax the floors. Um, so that, I think that's another
surprising place they're used in extrusion of plastics. So vinyl flooring there's trace levels at least of
PFASs in, uh, artificial turf. So the plastic blades of graphs, grass in artificial turf, um, I mean, it's just like
the list just goes on and on and on places that PFASs are used that are surprising. I mean, originally the
first sort of surprising place that that was discovered was popcorn bags, microwave, popcorn bags, and
again, I'm not sure what replacements being used currently, if it's still a PFAS or something else. Um,
people ask all the time about, you know, pans, um, stuff on pans or nonstick pans. Consumer reports just
put out a nice report on that. So I'm referring people to that report for more information. Um, but yeah,
there's a lot of sources, you know, kind of lurking sources of PFAS, um, that you expect or know about.
And often don't have control over, like right in your workplace, if you have a stain resistant carpeting, like,
you know, um, what are you gonna do about that or in your home even, um, can you afford to replace it?
Um, so I did that answer your question. on another tangent, but like in terms of occupational exposure
zone, people who actually did make stain resistant carpeting, people who work, you know, in paper, the
paper industry, you know, they actually mix the paper, you know, pull up in the PFAS together. Uh,
people who worked in tanneries and used PFASs on leather goods, um, people who worked in the plating
industry and are standing over vats of PFAS containing you know, so, you know, I think about those
people and, um, wonder what's being, what's being done for them.
Danielle DeVasto: Well, thank you so much, Courtney, for taking the time to share your story and your
work today. Um, it's been a pleasure talking with you,
Courtney Carignan: You too.

Page 9

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                    <text>April 23rd, 2020
Because of COVID my parents made me leave my off campus apartment, they feared it would be
too dangerous to live there. They came up to Allendale and helped my sister and I pack and move the
day the shelter in place order was given. Since my mother is a nurse my sister and I couldn’t move
back home out of the fear of getting sick. We were forced to move up-north until classes were over
because this was the only place that had internet, which we needed to finish our online classes. I
struggled a lot with my online classes because some of my professors were not lecturing and forcing us
to learn everything on our own. This resulted in me being swamped with additional readings and
assignments. Since classes moved online professors were assigning way more work than what would
have been assigned if we were still taking in person classes. Also, they made the exams were
extremely hard. I found myself studying substantially more than I ever did and still receiving bad
grades, due to time restraints and extremely difficult questions. I know both my friends and I became
extremely unmotivated after a few weeks and became very overwhelmed by everything, it felt like we
were drowning.
I was a part of the GVSU swim club and everything was canceled once the school shut down.
There were no more practices or team bonding because a lot of people moved home and the pool and
gym were closed. I am stuck up north with just my younger sister and I absolutely hate it. I have been in
quarantine with her and my dogs for an entire month and I could not wait to finish my classes so I could
move back home with my parents. My parents really miss being away from us, they have come up
every other weekend and dropped some food off with us and leaving us each time is very hard on
them, my mother especially. This pandemic but a lot of strain on my relationship with my boyfriend. But
I was able to see him and clear everything up but the isolation has made me go stir crazy.
I had a job working as a home aide with an individual who has muscular dystrophy. She had to
move home because of this virus since she is extremely immunocompromised. Me and six other girls
on staff all lost our jobs when this happened. I was unable to collect any unemployment from the state
of Michigan and I was also ineligible to receive a stimulus check since my parents still claim me as a
dependent. I was donating plasma while I still lived in Allendale but since I have moved I have no way
of bringing in an income to pay my bills.
Currently no one in my family is sick but we did have a scare with my mother. She had a high
fever two times as was turned away twice from work because of it. Two days ago she went somewhere
to be tested for COVID and just today we received the negative test results. But she still has to go back
and work at the hospital where she is constantly in contact with COVID patients so we worry about her
health. We also worry about my grandma’s because they are both extremely high risk for contracting
this virus. They have been in quarantine since the shut down and my parents drop off food at their
houses so they don’t have to go grocery shopping and put themselves at risk.
I used to work as a nursing technician for Spectrum Health in Grand Rapids and I actually quit
one year prior to this outbreak. When I worked there I never experienced any problems with having
PPE availability but those resources weren’t scarce then. I do have a friend who still works there as a
nurse technician though and she says that they barely have any PPE to go around. She doesn’t even
get a N95 for her 12 hour shifts. She is supposed to wear one of those basic surgical masks for her
entire shift and they are only supposed to be used for a max of 30 minutes. Everyone working in the
health care field is not being given the proper PPE to protect themselves.

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                <text>University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project</text>
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                <text>Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives.</text>
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                    <text>COVID-19 has changed my life in a lot of ways. I work in health care, and I am thankful to keep busy with
that during this stressful time. Although, I feel that my constant exposure to the general public dooms
me to eventual exposure to the virus. I am young and healthy and know that my body could fight this,
but it is still terrifying to think about.
I am trying everyday to be grateful. In some ways, this virus is my worst nightmare. I am extremely
extraverted, and I am also clinically depressed. I thrive from connection with my friends and family. On a
normal day, I leave my house early for work and do not return except to eat or freshen up, spending the
rest of my day with my friends or family. I know though that it could be so much worse, and stay
thankful for my safe home environment and try to stay positive.
I have been keeping vey busy, making art and watching various shows and movies. Zoom and facetime
have become my safe haven, thriving from speaking with my loved ones, but wishing I could give them a
big hug. Yesterday, my friend came over and sat on my porch while I sat inside and we spoke through
the door. It was so nice to see her!
I have always lived with my parents, but now I have reawakened a deep appreciation for all that they do
for me. While my mother is an essential worker like me, my dad has been off of work for at least 4
weeks now. He, like me, struggles when he is not kept busy. This has led him to make large
improvements on the house and start many projects. For this I am thankful, and yesterday I helped him
paint.
I am also very thankful for my coworkers. Together, we stay sane and keep each other company. While
we focus on keeping others separated by 6ft while in our building, it is nearly impossible to distance
from each other. This has led us to band together to stay sane. I feel that our conversations have
become far more intimate and meaningful, I feel very united with them and am thankful to be part of
such an amazing group, working together to make the world healthy again.
Overall, I will get through this. The hardest time for me was the initial couple of weeks. Now I know how
to handle negative thoughts, and how to keep busy and cope healthily. Honestly, just writing this journal
has helped clear my head, and I have plans today to make art and enjoy the sunshine. Thank you for
reading.
Grace Catherine Glemboski 4/26/2020

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                    <text>Sydney Hayward
COVID-19 Journal Entry
Being a senior in college my friends and I were really looking forward to our last couple
months of being college students. We had plans set as well as plans to celebrate
graduating. COVID-19 changed all those plans and memories. We have not got to see
eachother even though we are still all at our apartments near campus. It has been hard
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May move home and try to find a job there. It has been hard with everything being so up
in the air and not having any set plans. It has been exciting not knowing exactly what
lies ahead but also caused some anxiety. All in all it has been nice to step back from the
stresses of daily tasks but has added a different stress of uncertainty and missing out
on experiences.

�</text>
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