23 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/254ddbd8b06ee04af05a136a992bfa63.jpg 029a18eb406e3e4bc49b1064febc7ce0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00759 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-02-15 Title A name given to the resource Alabama. Mobile Glidden House Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of the Glidden House in Mobile, Alabama. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Mobile (Ala.) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/28ed2a8d83358e9099caeaef30a079a1.jpg a27f23328fd24080e1f920676ccd1737 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00760 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-02-15 Title A name given to the resource Alabama. Mobile McMillan House Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of the McMillan House in Mobile, Alabama. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Mobile (Ala.) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6a99dfcd48db5195bf1cd8010f8373df.jpg 49b83e17353721d852b6422051bfd3a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A15-331 Title A name given to the resource Alabama. Wilson Dam at Muscle Shoals Description An account of the resource Wilson Dam at Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Subject The topic of the resource Alabama Photographs Photography Muscle Shoals (Ala.) Wilson Dam--Alabama--Muscle Shoals Tennessee River Dams Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dbbdfbbade02a787fffd51ff9a1fa761.jpg 782e4508e2e7afc21867db972477d750 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A15-334 Title A name given to the resource Alabama. Wilson Dam at Muscle Shoals Description An account of the resource Wilson Dam at Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Subject The topic of the resource Alabama Photographs Photography Muscle Shoals (Ala.) Wilson Dam--Alabama--Muscle Shoals Tennessee River Dams Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d875bad4ce04dc23df384aaa66fe8e72.jpg b1c1025d9870f2c916421a26752992cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1349 Title A name given to the resource Alacrity British patrol vessel modified "Black Swan" class Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alacrity British PG (patrol vessel) modified "Black Swan" class, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/202cf597a17dea8c0818afb7cfbf400c.jpg 951f175a213d1db909bfa96189eb5abe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1351 Title A name given to the resource Alacrity British patrol vessel modified "Black Swan" class Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alacrity British PG (patrol vessel) modified "Black Swan" class, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/25c314b9654a34509ff2c59a7c874a46.mp4 3a79e52cea8d4d954d85b9f2b7d67179 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6406ae1b9118fd892e2c0cb2d2a8d8df.pdf a8682d79f16cd6d4b12aaaa5df014196 PDF Text Text Living with PFAS Interviewer: Danielle DeVasto Interviewee: Alan Eberlein Date of Interview: 2022-11-29 Danielle DeVasto: I'm Dani DeVasto, and today, November 29, 2022, I have the pleasure of chatting [BANG SOUND] with Al Eberlein. Hi, Al. Al Eberlein: Hello. Danielle DeVasto: Thank you for having me over to your house today. Um, Al, can you tell me where you're from, [CLICK SOUND] and, um, let's start with that. Where are you from? Al Eberlein: Right here in Rockford, born and raised. Danielle DeVasto: All right. So you've been here a long time. Al Eberlein: Yep. I grew up as a child on Myers Lake and went to Rockford Public Schools and then resided within a couple miles of town, or in town, my entire life. Danielle DeVasto: That's truly something. As someone who's moved around a lot, I wish that I could— Al Eberlein: Which is more the norm now than not. Danielle DeVasto: Unfortunately, yeah. Um, Al, would you tell me a story about your experience with PFAS or with PFAS in your community, please? Al Eberlein: Well, it's a funny thing because it's an unfolding story, right? And I lived through it, not knowing I was living through it for many years. Like I said, uh, went to Rockford schools, went to the junior high school and the high school here. Um, lived around, uh, Rockford, uh, for a number of years. Um, uh, my first home was a- a mobile homesite, uh, at Algoma Estates, [CLEARING THROAT] which I lived with several years after I was married in 1980, with my wife, Lori, and, um, as we were discussing earlier, uh, lo and behold in future years, I found out—and we always knew that it was something not quite right about the water there, uh, but we were close to the 12-mile dump because Algoma's off of 13 mile, and the 12-mile dump was, you know, backed up to that. And, um, [LIP SMACK] so I'm sure that we were probably drinking water that wasn't too great then. And, uh, we had our, uh, first child, um, there, uh, when we lived in Algoma Estates, Matthew, uh, in 1982. And, um, it was a- it was, um, [LIP SMACK] a strange birth. Matthew was, uh, born with what they described as immature lung- lung syndrome that you nor- normally don't experience unless a child is, like, two months early. His lungs were that bad or worse, but Matthew was full term. He was almost eight-pound baby, and they said they never had seen that before. Um, so, consequently, he almost died. Um, he was in neonatal unit in Grand Rapids, for two weeks and, um, he did pink up right away. For hours and hours after he was born, he was purple and, uh, he pulled out of it miraculously, um, [LIP SMACK] but consequently, uh, it left him with a lot of problems. He had episodes of schizophrenia, uh, odd, uh, feelings in his body, like his spirit was half out of his body. Um, uh, we tried some therapy with, uh, Wellbutrin and, um, [NOISE] Ritalin to try to help him, uh, control his thoughts, but they didn't work for him. Um, so anyhow, uh, they barely got him—kept him mainstream through, uh, grade school, and once he was junior high, and after, he ended up in special ed and unfortunately kids like Matthew, they fall through the cracks. They're not bad enough to be, you know, Page 1 �sent off to Kenosha, or something, but they're—they try to mainstream 'em, and they have a couple hours in special ed and put 'em in a regular class, and they're, you know, how children can be cruel and- and it was a terrible experience. Um, he was a very melancholy child and, uh—because by the time he got to high school, uh, he started self-medicating with alcohol, dropped outta school, and we didn't even keep alcohol in our house, but he sought out his own medication. And, um, consequently, he died at 24 years old, uh, from alcoholism. Well, like I say, he was born in, uh, '82. In 1986, we tried again for a child, uh, Christopher. And so we moved back into town in—before he was born— Danielle DeVasto: Into Rockford? Al Eberlein: — into Rockford, on Lewis Street, on the Wolverine plat, north of town, in an older home, and so that my wife could afford to stay home with the baby. And so consequently, Christopher was born a little early, not a lot, a little, and he was rather small birth weight, he's—but not terrible. He was about six pounds, and they thought he was normal at the- uh, at the moment he was born, but it quickly became apparent that he was not thriving, and they couldn't figure it out. Finally, after about a month or so, a geneticist in Grand Rapids, said, "Um, [CLICK SOUND] I can't tell you what's wrong with your son, but I'm heavily suspicioning that there's something wrong with him, genetically. Um, I think you should go to Chicago, uh, Children's Hospital." So we took Christopher down there five different times, and they did studies, and actually they did workups on Christopher. Uh, he's actually in a journal someplace. They took, uh, pictures of him, and he was very unusual and the best determination that they could come up with is they said, "Well, he sort of like neonatal renoleukodystrophy," and I go, what in the world is that? And they said, "Well, that's [CLICK SOUND] where the protozoa in the cell structure is low, and the ones that are there are deformed." So what does that mean? Well, the body does not have a good capability of dealing with heavy metals, like, uh, copper and so forth. And so as the months went by, all this kinda built up in his brain and damaged his brain. He lost his eyesight and, uh, he didn't thrive. He didn't get nutrition out of food well, and, um, they said he would only live two months, but, um, we loved him and took care of him, ended up having to feed him with a stomach tube, and we kept him alive for two years and two months, and gave him the best life that we could give him. But I remember them saying this towards the end of- of the time that we went to Chicago, at the Children's Hospital, and they said, "You know, there's several different kinds," that they had, uh, described at the time of- of that disease, but they said, "Christopher's really not like any of them, he's like his own thing." There again, both with Matthew and with Christopher, nothing remotely like this in my wife's family history, our family history. This was just crazy stuff out of the blue. So [SIGH] my daughter, Sarah, was born in 1992, and, uh, she was, uh, it seemed to be a normal pregnancy, and then all of a sudden my wife started having trouble and, uh, Sarah came, uh, two months and two weeks early. And, um, anyhow, trying to keep a long story shorter, [CHUCKLE] um, we, uh, you know, we, of course we were worried about these other things and, um, but I had a month old. They said, "Well, you know," they- they were worried about the Christopher disease, the neonatal renoleukodystrophy, but it- it didn't seem to, uh, manifest itself. And we don't know why she was born early. We don't know why she was red when she came out, but, um, she seems to be doing better Page 2 �now. So Sarah grew into a nice, healthy, young lady and, um, she got married at 21, and shortly thereafter, um, she got pregnant for my granddaughter. Well, my granddaughter's, uh, pregnancy seemed to be normal, and, um, along about six or seven months pregnant, my daughter said, "Dad," she goes, "Something's wrong. I'm just profoundly tired." And of course they checked out her iron and all the-, you know, the normal things, and, "We can't find anything wrong and your blood pressure's okay, you know, we just, you know, probably some people just get more tired than others, you know, during." She goes, "But dad," she says, "They're not listening to me. This is profound. I can hardly keep my eyes open." Lo and behold, the day that her water broke, and she went in for labor, she started hemorrhaging, and I mean, profuse blood loss. And she actually almost died twice, and they were pumping fluids into her, plasma, trying to keep her alive. And, uh, she basically died twice, and it was, uh, a rare form of, uh, HELLP syndrome. There again, no sign of it, neither side of the family. And, um, [CLICK SOUND] she actually saw her gr—, uh, deceased grandfather in the room, smiling at her, waiting for her to come to heaven with her- with him, but they pulled her through. And by-by golly, they saved my granddaughter, and they said for that to happen right at birth, it's almost very unlikely that both of 'em were to live.They said usually if you can save one or the other, [CHIME SOUND] you've done—you've had a good day, and they saved them both. My daughter was very weak. It took her over a year to get back on her feet. Uh, psychologically it did something to her because she still gets tired. I think it's mental. I think it's mentally tired. Um, it- it- it really goes deep into you. So anyhow, my granddaughter, we thought she was perfect, you know, beautiful little girl, and, um, went in for a two-month checkup, and they says, "You need to see a specialist. Something is wrong with her." And you know, here, my first son, second son, my daughter, and now my granddaughter, oh, what's wrong? "Well, we think she's not seeing good, and you need to see a specialist." Well, unfortunately my son-in-law was in the Navy, and he said, "Well, we're about ready to move." And my daughter, he was gonna deploy outta San Diego, and my daughter was coming back here with my granddaughter, uh, while he deployed for six months. [SNEEZE] Well, God bless Helen DeVos Hospital because they got down to brass tacks and figured it out quite quickly. What they missed is that she had cataracts in her eyes, but they weren't normal, I say_ normal cataracts that are more visible on the outside of the eye. These were deep with inside the eye. And they said it was rather unusual. And, uh, so they operated on her, got the cataracts out, and here she's just a lit—by this time, I think Natalie was five months old, and, it's so hard to have, when children to have to have operations right off the bat, it's—and she, you know, suffered through that. And then they, [CLEAR THROAT] she had these really thick glasses that we tried to put on her, and, um, also we had to force contacts into her eyes so that she could have enough imagery, you know, but still be fuzzy, but that she could—her mind could develop. And, um, that got actually very arduous 'cause by six, seven months old, she could fight back, and I actually had to leave the house because she would scream and fight not to have those contacts forced in her eyes. Well, they can't put lenses in a little baby's eyes right away, 'cause the eyes are too small. And they said, "We would like to wait at least till six, five, six years old." [NOTIFICATION SOUND] Excuse me, we will delay that message. Page 3 �Danielle DeVasto: Would you like me to pause? Al Eberlein: That's uh, that was my daughter. [LAUGHTER] She must have knew I was talking about her. Danielle DeVasto: She must have felt it. [LAUGHTER] Al Eberlein: So consequently uh, they—we had to wait till she was over two years old to put lenses in. So my beautiful little granddaughter, so she ended up having six surgeries all together. And they put the lenses in finally, and oh, what a joyous day that was, and the next day. All of a sudden, my granddaughter discovered going outside and said, "Oh, grandpa, look at the clouds," and she could see relatively clearly for the first time. And- and uh, we were so happy and overjoyed for her after all the torment she went through, and we could see her starting to regress. We could see her starting to act like she did before, when she didn't see good and straining her eyes. And so we called up and said, "Well, you better bring her back in." And so we took her back in and, um, they said, "Oh, we got bad news. Her eyes are rejecting the implants." And I said, I thought you said this, eyes, that this material- material you use, that the body doesn't reject, and they says, "For some reason, hers is." So they had to take the- the, uh, implanted lenses back out. And that was one of the worst days of my life, right up there with my two sons dying. And sh—I wheeled her out to the car, and she balled all the way out going, "Grandpa, I can't see, I can't see." And I go, oh honey, I says, we're gonna fix it, hoping that we could. Well, we—the doctors had a form online just to see if any other eye doctor in the nation, and even other countries, had any suggestions because Helen DeVos had run out of ideas, and that's a bad place to be. So we had everybody praying. [LIP SMACK] One man, I'd like to meet him someday, I'd like to know who he was, one man responded, and he said, "I had a- an adult patient once that had that exact thing happen." And this was one particular, really strong steroid, he says that worked for her. He said, "I've never used it on a child," but he says, "You don't have anything to lose." So we did it, and by golly, it worked. And so she's been progressing. She has to come every six months and be checked out, but from that second set of lenses, um, her- her eyesight has held and uh, you know, every time she gets checked though, you know, we've had so much trouble and turmoil that you always kinda tighten up a little bit, you know, and they come back and say, "Oh, her eyesight's even a little bit better," and I go, oh, thank God, you know. But, yeah, so my experience, you know, is—in our life is two sons with strange diseases that died, my daughter that almost died, and her daughter that almost died and almost lost her eyesight. So to find out—so like I said, it's like an unfolding story, right? We—I lived through all this when we know that in the '70s and '80s, and so forth, that the PFAS was being dispersed all over. And one thing that doesn't get talked a lot about, this river out here, the whole bed of that river that I—you dig down in that mud, and I'll guarantee it's got layers of PFAS in it. Our water, city water here in Rockford that, well, there's about 4,500 of us now that live here, they were getting all the city water out of the Rockford Rogue River. Who's talking about that? The water that I drank in high school and junior high school, and that I drank living all the decades that I lived here in town. Yeah, it was a horrible thing they did, burying it out in the countryside, and I have relatives that got poisoned by that. But in hindsight, and working at Wolverine Page 4 �Worldwide for 31 years and seeing how they used that strike to try to close the tannery down, I believe was nefarious that they wanted to cover up their sin. Danielle DeVasto: Can you—do you want to say anything more about the strike? Al Eberlein: About the strike? Danielle DeVasto: Yeah. Al Eberlein: Yeah. Danielle DeVasto: Or your experience at Wolverine? Al Eberlein: Well, my grandfather worked—my great-grandfather worked at Wolverine for 54 years. Nobody ever worked there longer than him. He was hired by Otto Krause back in 1903, when it was family own. And you know how it was back in these—that—those days of small towns and, you know, Wolverine was a big business, see, I mean even then for a small town, and, um, my grandfather went to work there at 16 years old. You know, times were hard back then. There wasn't safety nets, you know, and, um, people were glad to have a good job. He could walk to work. He lived on Main Street. His grandson, my cousin, still lives in the same house that my great-grandfather lived in. And, um, when times were hard, um, uh, in- during the depression, uh, several times Otto Krause came and said, 'Boys, I- I don't have money for payroll," but he says, uh, he said, "If you stick with me," he says, "I'll gladly pay ya in company stock." And my grandfather held onto that stock his whole life, and it divided. And, uh, my grandmother inherited a portion of it, and she gave it to all of us, her grandkids, that came from my greatgrandfather. You know, it was, like, a heritage. And you felt good about—we felt good about Wolverine back in those days, you know, in the old days. And, um, geez, half my relatives worked at the company. You know, it was a stepping stone company that a lot of people—my mother worked there in the office for a year or two, you know, to help buy a new car. You know, it was nice to have a big company that, you know, could facilitate and help out the local community, and everybody always felt good about it. And, uh, when I first started working there, uh, in the early '70s, um, there was still a—Wolverine was corporate by then. It went corporate, I believe in the '50s. And—but there was still, you know, oldtimers that- that worked there. There was—I remember one old guy that remembered my great-grandfather, you know, 'cause my grandfather worked till 1957, from '03. I started working there in- in '72, and I worked there 31 years, but I- I remember, oh, I remember your grandpa, Platton, you know, and- and just that continuity, you know, of community and the work and the pride that our little town, you know, is known worldwide for Hush Puppy shoes. And I personally—I was the dye maker. I- I made, uh, [SNIFFLE] I made dyes that made shoes for, uh, Shaquille O'Neal. [LAUGHTER] You know, hi- his personal loafers, you know, and I thought, you know, I made, uh, I made running shoes when- when we owned Brook's, uh, Running Shoe. I made running shoes for Greg Myers, you know, and- and you had pride in that, in- in our little town, you know, that all this wonderful stuff coming out of our little town and from my perspective, the way that, and this is my opinion, you know, this is the way I perceive it, but that because of PFAS and corporate greed, that they didn't have any problem covering it up, even though it was still currently poisoning people. When 3M told Wolverine in the '90s, that this stuff causes cancer and childhood, uh, diseases and maladies, Page 5 �okay, now I just gave you my testimony about all the childhood maladies that me and my sisters and my brother, who never had any children, he did end up adopting, uh, boy, that's a lot of damage. And for them, that's at the point in the late '90s, where I have a bone to pick with Wolverine Worldwide because they had to be forced to make penance for what they did to the people out in the countryside. How about people like me that lived in this town most of my life in or around the town and all of my—two of my sons are in heaven. You know, I got a—my daughter almost died and had extreme trouble. My granddaughter almost was blind. I mean, I could say if I wanted to be bitter person, I could say you owe me at least a million dollars. I know I'll never get—that would just be a token. That would be a token, you know? But, no, I'll tell you the strike was—so what happened. You see all this was happening at the same time. 3M tells Wolverine Worldwide, oh yeah, you know that stuff's bad. So what do you do? Did you come clean? No, you tried to cover it up. That's what you tried to do. And I believe with all my heart and that's why, you know, there's times in life I- I didn't like my career, I loved my career. I loved the people I worked with, you know, and you made my life a living hell by your corruptness, you know. And like they always say, even, like, with Watergate, the coverup is even worse. If you said, "Oh, we didn't know back in the '70s, and '80s, that this Scotchgard and all this stuff was so bad, oh, geez, you know, and that we went out to farmer John and paid him 40 bucks or whatever to dump it in his back acres," you know, "Oh, what can we do to, what can we do to make it right?" No, you didn't care about making it right. You cared about covering up your sin. They recorded their 12th record profit that year that they drove us out on strike. And why do I say drive us out on strike? Because they came to us with a proposal. They wanted to take a dollar an hour away from us across the board, a dollar an hour. Well, listen folks, I was their dye maker. I'd been their dye maker for 31 years, saving all their shows for 'em and everything, and I never made- I never made $18 an hour. So it wasn't that we were so greatly paid, and I'll tell you what, those guys down there, you know, I don't know what the average wage was, but I know a lot of those guys, their base pay was, you know, $13, $14 an hour, and if they worked real hard in that stinky place that, you know, they could make 125% sometimes on piece rate, but they worked hard in horrible conditions, horrible conditions. And they want to take a dollar an hour away from us while they were posting their 12th record quarter in a row. [BANG SOUND] Do you see how egregious that is? Well, geez, who would do something like that? Who- who would risk throwing away people? I- I, like I said, 31 years, that was on the- the small side of things. Man- many of those guys had 38, 40, 42 years. One guy had 45 years in there as a loyal employee, and they were throwing us away like yesterday's news. Who would do something like that? Oh, yeah, I can see a motive. Somebody that has a greater sin, they're trying to cover up, that's who would do something like that. That's exactly who would [BANG SOUND] do something like that. And you know, back then [SNIFFLE] we didn't- we didn't understand the PFAS thing in- in 2003. We didn't really understand what was going on yet, but we knew just by our innate common sense that something was terribly wrong. Something was terribly, terribly wrong. And so we stayed out on strike and I think we kinda surprised them. And we thought, well maybe when they see we've been out for five or six weeks, and of course, you know, Wolverine's a large company and that's gonna start hurting, Page 6 �hurt- hurt the profit, right? They still didn't care. I remember hearing they- they hired, uh, replacement workers. They said, yeah, we don't need you guys. And they- they kept going all through the summer and into the early fall. Well, we heard news that, um, they received back, I believe, now don't take this verbatim, but I think it was around 170,000 to 180,000 pair of boots, boots or shoes, because of inferior leather, because the replacement workers were not paying 00:27:42 ___________. Did they end the strike there? Did they try to come back to us and say, okay, okay, forget that taking a dollar an hour away, we'll give everybody, uh, 50 cents and next year you get a quarter, and we'll keep everybody happy? No. No, they were bald face as ever. No, not dealing with you. Went all the way past Christmas. And they came the day after Christmas and said, "Well, we'll take a third or so of you back." It'd give you, it was a paltry amount, I forget, 25, 35 cents, but the rest of you are gone, [NOISE] 'cause they still [BANG SOUND] wanted—had it in mind, they wanted to close that place down. I can't believe anything else. It's the only thing at that point. Now this is like six, seven months out on strike, and uh, they still wanted to get rid of us. And I knew I was gone 'cause at that point I'd done—I did an interview with a Christian, uh, radio station, and I did an interview with TV8 and I says, uh, how much is a man's life worth, 'cause most of these people, including myself, gave the best years of their life to that place, and they were throwing us away like yesterday's newspaper. I said, stark fact, while they were making record profit, there again, who would do such a thing? Hmm, somebody covering up a very large sin, I would propose. So anyhow, yeah, we had people die. So there, again, I believe they were covering up their sin. They wanted to sh—they wanted to get us—rid of us quite quickly, I believe. Uh, they wasn't counting on us, um, putting up such a fight. Of course, that got—that garnered, uh, attention from the powers that be, and because it was so egregious, the- the ones such as myself that they let go, and they finally did call us back, uh, long about the end of January, end of February, um, they- the people they let go, they had to, uh, either give a year of, uh, college or pay half of our wages at a new job for a year to help get us hired 'cause, you know, most of us were older guys. You know, I mean it- it's a sad fact, you know, there's nowhere in writing, especially nowadays, if things change so fast now in technology. You're over 50, and you can hardly get an interview, you know, especially then, things were pretty slow. So anyhow, a lot of us, uh, you know, got jobs elsewhere, and they took some of the guys back, and they worked them for, I don't know, I- I think around 2005, or thereabouts, they finally closed it down for good. And I did not get anything 'cause I was long gone by then, but I heard, and I felt a little bit good about this because we had gotten enough. We got enough sunlight shined on their darkness that they had, you know, people were watching them at this point, and I believe that the average person got $17,000 severance pay to, you know, to go somewhere else, and they had to help 'em out. Um, I was already at another, uh- uh, job shop, so I did not get any of those benefits, but, uh, [LIP SMACK] anyhow, so that all happened and then just about that time it starts being un- unveiled of the PFAS problem. And it became more and more apparent what had happened and that they were covering up this horrible sin of burying this stuff around. Oh, come to find out they had buried stuff right by the plant. Uh, I had—and afterwards, you know, in hindsight, now you start looking back and putting the little pieces of the jig pu- jigsaw puzzle together. I had a very dear friend Page 7 �of mine that used to live right next to the tannery, and he says, "Oh yeah, there was a low area there, and they were throwing all their hides right in there to fill up the low area, and then once it got full, they, you know, threw some dirt over it and covered it up." Well, that's one of the, you know, egregious areas that have been, you know, dug up and taken out of there. But that river is loaded with PFAS, from that plant sitting there. They said that- that 15 acres that sits down there now, where, you know, they quickly, you know, tore the tannery down, they were trying to, they almost had a deal going.They were going to try to build a, um, [LIP SMACK] a, uh, hotel there, if you can imagine. Oh, a lovely hotel on the river, you know? Quick, cover up our PFAS, but that dirt, there's areas in there that is one of the top toxic sites in the whole country for PFAS, and it's still sitting there. Now they've done some remediation along the river, but it's very possible with the way these people operated over the years that there could be other spots in that river, and I'll guarantee you, out there, how much PFAS over all those years do you think is lying in the muck of that river? I wouldn't eat one fish out of that river. I want—I had people park behind my house here in- in Pickett Park, and catching salmon and trout out there all the time, and I almost feel like I should tell 'em, I won't eat that stuff. That river's loaded with PFAS. And if you go down the river a little bit farther, the Rockford Paper Mill used to pump stuff. I can remember going behind the Rockford Paper Mill in- in, uh, the '70s, when I was in junior high school, and there's a pipe about that big, that was pumping red effluent right out into the river, you know. [NOISE] So we kinda got it at both ends that way, but I wouldn't eat- I wouldn't eat anything out of that river, you know. So, but let's come back to Rockford. So our water, until all this was coming out, our strike and, uh, the news of, uh, oh, there's a problem with PFAS in the early 2000s, well, what about all the people, the thousands of people that lived in the city all this year, and you fed us PFAS water. How about that? How about people like me that lost two sons andand all my families had childhood maladies, how's about that? [BANG SOUND] Where's the remediation for that? It would be real easy to be real bitter, but, you know, [SNIFFLE] time does heal to a point, and you have to go on living, right, and- and you can't live happily as a bitter person, but there is right and wrong. And I don't think Wolverine Worldwide has, by any means, has gotten to the end of their penance for what they did. And especially that they chose to do a cover-up and to throw people away that made their company for 'em because they wanted to cover up a sin. Well, that's a nice way to treat people that you've been poisoning for 40 years. See, but you have to go on. And so I just, you know, I thank God for people like you, for people like, no seriously, people like, uh, Lynn McIntyre, that actually care about people, like Wolverine used to. Oh, yeah, I got some real good memories of Wolverine. I remember when I first started working there and Tom Gleason would come down, and he wanted anybody that wanted to shake his hand. He'd look you right in the eyes, and,"Thank you for your service, you know, we truly need you around here," and maybe even have a cookie or a little holiday drink with you. It used to—it was like the last vestige of- of a good age. And somewhere in, when we started sending all of our work over to China, and we became a human resource, it became less and less. And it always happens by shades, right, less personable, a little less personable, and now all you are is a resource to throw you away like yesterday's news. And that's the way—it's a bitter pill. I definitely gave Wolverine the best, you know, Page 8 �my—I say, best years, I— that's not totally true 'cause you- you do think, you hope that you gained some wisdom, and, you know, and- and I did home care for 10 years and that was a wonderful time in my life. And I'm glad I did that 'cause it actually was a salvation for me because it really put some, uh, a deeper meaning back into my life and, uh, really did a lot of healing for how my career at Wolverine ended, with them trying to cover up their sin, you know, but uh, yeah, PFAS has done a lot of damage physically, probably mentally, to a lot of people and so on and so forth, but when companies like Wolverine go into cover-up mode, the mental and spiritual damage that they've done to people, you know, some people don't have the wherewithal to come back, and I think about those people often. I think I- I know probably a lot of 'em probably aren't even alive anymore. I- I know that, uh, yeah, there's several people I- I personally knew. There was a maintenance man down there that died from cancer at 42 years old. My friend's dad was having back problems, and he worked down there in the tannery, and [BANG SOUND] so he retired early at 54, only to find out, yeah, his back problems was he was loaded with cancer. And I think that had been repeated with maladies and cancer, people that worked down there over and over again, you know, and uh, so I just hope at some point, you know, we keep moving into the future, right, and then you get into, if I went up to Wolverine now there's probably not even anybody up there that I— even remembers me, or it's a whole new set of people. And you would- you would hope at some point they say, okay, you know, we know that our company, you know, probably did some wrong things, did things the wrong way, and we just- we just want to do whatever it takes to give us that good reputation again, and- and so forth. But, uh, yeah, I— for—looking back in hindsight over my life, after I knew all the facts, yeah, PFAS did a lot of damage. Danielle DeVasto: So then looking forward, what concerns, if any, do you have about PFAS contamination, moving forward? Al Eberlein: Well, for one thing, like I said, I believe it's- it's damaged my lineage. How- how long is it- is it going to keep doing that, you know. Oh, you know, are we still learning? I- I hope the science is- is still gonna find out more and more of, or how can we head things off at the pass, maybe. Like what happened to my daughter with th- this rare form of, uh, preeclampsia. How can we get, you know, more proactive about things like that? And on Wolverine side, I'm not convinced that they've totally come clean yet. I'm not convinced that that whole river is- is remediated yet. Um, and should people like me that lived here all my life, you know, is- is there any compensation for us, you know, is there, or- or any, uh, health benefits or anything? You poisoned this whole town, Wolverine. You poisoned the whole town. Nobody even talks about it. It's kind of convenient how big business and even, you know, unfortunately gov—you know, government, city governments, this little town that was all beholding to Wolverine, how they can kowtow down to money, but just a thought, you poisoned the whole town, the people that made all your money for you. [BANG SOUND] Danielle DeVasto: [SIGH] Big thought. Um, [CLEARING THROAT] before we wrap up, is there anything that we haven't talked about that you'd like to touch on or anything that you want to go back to and say more about? Page 9 �Al Eberlein: Well, there's other things I could say, you know, but I better not, you know. I don't want to get into other people's business, you know. But I'll tell you, like we were talking before you turned the cameras on, just want anybody that might s—watch this or- or maybe even somebody from Wolverine that would look in, do you really realize how deeply and generationally that this kind of thing affects people? And I would think going forward, any good thing comes out of this is that you would double, triple, quadruple down. Never, ever, ever let anything like this ever happen again [THUMPING] because if we don't learn that lesson, then what are we doing here? [NOISE] Danielle DeVasto: Thank you so much, Al, for taking the time to tell your story. Al Eberlein: You're welcome. And once again, thank you for caring, 'cause we've gone through a lot of years where it didn't seem like too many people were caring, and I'm glad to meet people such as yourself and Lynn McIntyre, to know that there are people being vigilant out there, and, um, [LIP SMACK] and, you know, I mean it's- it's all over, and it's not just one thing. Um, like I said, I grew up on Myers Lake. They just found out here recently. I mean, I swam in that lake my whole childhood. Oh, guess what, there's mercury in Myers Lake. Where did that come from? Some business at some point dumped something in there, you know, so how many times can we exponentially extrapolate that out to the countryside? You know, it's like there's landmines all over the place. And uh, so I- I don't think this is anything that's gonna be solved for a long time 'cause we had a lot of industrial years where, I mean, EPA didn't even come about to what, late '60s, into the early '70s, so, you know, it's, uh, we're just kind of getting on, excuse me, on top of a lot of these, uh, more egregious things, you know. But, yeah, do I believe PFAS damaged my life? Yeah, more ways than one. Career wise and personally with my family that even has come into the future with my daughter and granddaughter. And after she had all that trouble with preeclampsia and with the D&Cs that she had to have afterwards that, um, they scarred her for life, and she can't conceive now. So I've got one grandchild, and [KNOCK SOUND] hopefully they'll adopt someday 'cause we got a lot more love to give. Danielle DeVasto: Yeah, absolutely. Well, thank you again, Al. I really appreciate it. Al Eberlein: You're welcome. Danielle DeVasto: It was an honor to listen to your story. Al Eberlein: Well, thanks for saying so. Page 10 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Living with PFAS Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Devasto, Danielle Description An account of the resource Beginning in 2021, the Living with PFAS interviews were recorded to gather the personal stories of individuals impacted by PFAS contamination. PFAS, or per- and polyflourinated substances, are a large group of human-made chemicals used widely since the 1940s to make coatings and products resistant to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. They can be found in countless household items, including food packaging, non-stick cookware, stain-resistant furniture, and water-resistant clothing. These chemicals are often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily, can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, and build up in animals, plants, and people. PFAS have been linked to increased incidences of various cancers, increased cholesterol, decreased fertility, birth defects, kidney and liver disease, and immune system suppression, and thyroid dysfunction. It is estimated that PFAS are in the drinking water of more than 200 million Americans (Andrews & Naidenko, 2020). In Michigan alone, over 280 sites have PFAS contamination exceeding maximum contamination levels for groundwater (MPART, 2024). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In copyright Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-11 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Motion Picture Text Sound Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PFAS0034 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eberlein, Alan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-11-29 Title A name given to the resource Alan Eberlein, 2022 (Interview video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Al Eberlein lives in Rockford, Michigan, where he was born and raised. In this interview, Al discusses his family's history and medical troubles which can be attributed to PFAS exposure. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource DeVasto, Danielle (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0194dd5d731547cb81f08d3acb75c8f3.jpg a51934bd710a3d2ae4b012383404ca65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_755 Title A name given to the resource Alaska class battle cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alaska class, US CB (battle cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/185c680db670d447f331d8acdf7031de.jpg d9a64493779f03c659773cef7b8a8bbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_748 Title A name given to the resource Alaska class US battle cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alaska class US CB battle cruiser, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4fb0b6b475ccbe1324903fce01e60a89.jpg 1dcd3be7ba92ac57b04edf53d94d4e51 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_746 Title A name given to the resource Alaska class, battle cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alaska class, US CB (battle cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b61432cf24705fbaf3d45b9707ff5ad3.jpg 7ae291c7fd54cfd3945c495abad6cdf6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_751 Title A name given to the resource Alaska class, battle cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alaska class, US CB (battle cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/de2adef2b87e4b00ab2ba4302b3e4a0b.jpg dec72cb4b615c7b62aa0ce532e38c374 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_752 Title A name given to the resource Alaska class, battle cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alaska class, US CB (battle cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/477f98727451850c154312215072866d.jpg d8aeb03ceb897f8947a6575abe73717d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_753 Title A name given to the resource Alaska class, battle cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alaska class, US CB (battle cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2f78a149d11b2688439392237026edef.jpg d4245d69b7ae24741e6836ba93efc6bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_754 Title A name given to the resource Alaska class, battle cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Alaska class, US CB (battle cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/22d0ea809c790584029f77da8139e5f0.jpg b150c2854d8645b920ada0aba5cffd7d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00320 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1935 Title A name given to the resource Alaska soil layers Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of soil layers with measuring device. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Uyak Bay (Alaska) Archaeology Excavation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/23086414c5832cbe05e81971063104e5.jpg 74682cecae3e6590e7fe0e45fbd3682a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M1521plane Title A name given to the resource Albacore British torpedo bomber Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Albacore, British torpedo bomber. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Great Britain Military education World War, 1939-1945 Airplanes, Military--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5096165d92134b0a06131e0b59b51bfb.JPG 7663a19432960ce2d089ce8452360816 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ronald Oakes collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs by Ronald Oakes, who served in the U.S. Marine Corps during the Vietnam War, and in the U.S. National Guard in the Iraq War. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968/2005 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/628">Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq war photographs (RHC-80)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Veterans Photographs Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80_Oakes-Iraq-DSCF0574 Title A name given to the resource Albanian soldiers stationed at FOB Diamondback Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 United States--History, Military United States. National Guard Military life Soldiers Photographs Description An account of the resource Albanian soldiers stationed at FOB Diamondback. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq photographs (RHC-80) Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Iraq War Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a0db9ff861faa7859530baa119e02b06.jpg 23cfc2f893a2bfff022c6548348de128 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M3111 Title A name given to the resource Albemarle ground transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle British twin-engine transport used by the Royal Air Force. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Great Britain Military education World War, 1939-1945 Airplanes, Military--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6b34c9d6baa55d98308d8ccaa1845343.pdf fc3957c13c93e75785577c114bd15ccf PDF Text Text ·'EL'i.:'.,' ,'',• r,y vr A~ .,·h, -r1r..• 1.1 1 •>..11·<1 ·- ~: fRR P,i,,,.·····,-" __ .. , .:> (:' L·'an· ,·.,~, '•b C,. . cn~~r, rrt:f~ ALBERT TOWNSHIP ,- COMPREHENSIVE PIAN : , ' Prepared by the Albert Township Planning, .Zoning and Sanitation Commission, Albert Township, Montmorency County, Michigan, with the assistance of the Northeast Michigan Regional Planning and Development Commission. September 17, 1975. �I Northeast Michigan Region P.O. Box 457 Old Hospital Building Gaylord, Michigan 497 35 The Northeast Michigan Regional Planning & Development Commission I I (51 7) 7 32-355 1 . 76-072 September 17, 1975 II I I Albert Township Planning Commission Albert Township, · Michigan Members: We II are pleased to submit the Albert 'l'ownship Comprehensive Plan. Intended as a guide for future development of the township, this plcm is based on an extensive inventory of the social, economic, institutional and p!l.ysical cha:.:-acteristics of Albert To"vmship. The desires of the corn:muni ty for its future gro·t1th have been analyzed and goals, objectives and policies have been formulated cormnensurate with thes'-.c! characteristics and desires. I I II The Comprehensive Plan is by no means an end product. The success of the plan, the realization of its concepts, can be assured only if the township actively p-.irsues the goals included within. Very truly yours •I Howard L. Anderso~ Chief Planner I • • • • • John N. Evers Intern Planner JNE/cm ~r-... C1uhov1an Oaw[Qrd Montmorency Oscoda Otsego P_reSQUC Isle �• FROM THE LIBRARY OF Planning & Zoning Center, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • • • • • 1111 • • • No plan of this scope would be possible without the combined efforts of a variety of people in different capacities . It is not possible to list all of those who have contributed to the formation of this text, but the following have provided their time, efforts and interest in the planning process Albert Township Board William Moore Florence Moline Kenneth Rinke Raymond Hyek Eugene Thornton Albert To,mship Planning Commission David Paffi Eugene Thornton Jon Rise John Righi William Heine Bud Jones Earl Rinke Others Calvert Boyle - Zoning Administrator Clarence Smith - County Planning Commission These persons have spent - many hours of their time involved in the planning process for the township . Other individuals who have contributed their efforts include Mrs . Roberta Hanna, who provided the historical background of Albert Township; Pat Bolser of the Montmorency County Abstract Office who helped compile plat records for the land use map; and the staff of the Northeast Regional Planning and Development Commission who have provided extra efforts in the establishment of this document . 1111 1111 • • This document was prepared under the supervision of John Evers, under subcontract to the Northeast Michigan Regional Planning and Development Commission . ii Inc. �TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Letter of Transmittal Acknowledgments . Table of Contents Maps . . Tables. Figures ..... i ii iii iv V V Introduction. History . . . The Pase Planning Approach . . People . . . Activities. Services . . Environment. Goals, Objectives, Policies Goals . . . . . Objectives Population Local Government. Economic Objectives . . Residential I.and Use Commercial I.and Use . . Industrial I.and Use. Recreational I.and Use. Community Facilities Transportation . Health & Welfare Education . • Environment. Utilities. Future I.and Use . Implementation. 1 8 10 11 26 46 68 87 88 89 91 , , , , 93 . . . . 98 96 . 100 102 . . 104 . 105 107 . . 109 • 111 113 114 122 iii �I MAPS Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 I I I 24 25 26 I 30 31 32 I 21 22 23 27 28 29 33 34 35 Page Regional Setting. . . . . . • . Northeast Michigan Region . . . . . Albert 'fownship General land Use. Recreation Areas . . . . . . . . . . Proposed 40 Acre Park Facility . . 500 Mile Sphere of Influence for Tourism. Major Transportation Routes in Northern Lower Michigan. Existing-Circulation System . . . . . . . Region 9 - Railroads, Airports & Ports . • Media Available to .Ubert Township. . . . . . . . Average Well Depth of Groundwater . . Typical Ranges in Unsustained Yields, . Proposed Sewer Service Area . . . . . Lewiston Vicinity Storm Water Runoff Problem J\reas. Albert Township Sanitary landfill . • . . • . . . Public Health District 4 & Mental Health District 3 Lewiston Heal th Clinic. . . . • . . • • • . • . . . Region 2 - Department of Social Services. • • •.. Public & Semi-public Community Facilities - Lewiston Area Johannesburg-Lewiston Area School District. . .•. Cheboygan-Otsego-Presque Isle Intermediate School District . . Community Colleges in Region 9 . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . Normal Annual Precipitation Rate for 1940-69 . . . . . . . Average Rate of First Temperature of 32° or Lower in Fall . Albert Township Geologic Features . • . ..• Approximate Boundary of Niagaran Reef Oil & Gas Fields . . Albert Township General Slope . . . . . • • . . . • . . Albert Township General Soil. . . . . . . • . . Albert To,mship Slope & Soil Conditions . . ... /\lbert Township Areas of Potential Residential Development. Northeast Michigan Region - Unique Wildlife Areas . . . Albert Township Proposed Residential land Use . . . . . Lewiston Area Proposed General Commercial & Office Use. Albert To\.mship Future Industrial-Extractive lBnd Use Albert Township General Proposed land Use • . . . . . . I I iv I 4 6 28 35 36 38 41 43 44 48 51 53 54 56 57 60 61 62 64 66 67 67 69 69 71 73 74 76 80 82 85 116 118 119 121 �I II I -I I I II TABLES Number M_i gra ti.on Pat terns . . • . . • . . • . • . . . Percentage Increase in Projected Population . • Percentage of Total Population 1960 . . . . . Percentage of Total Population 1970. V Occupational Characteristics . . . . VI Employment Activj_ty Characteristics . VII Educa tional Characteristics of Persons 25 & Over VIII Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX Housing Units 13y Year St ructure 1970 . . . . . . I II III IV X XI XII XIII I 1· Page XIV Overcro,,rdin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suitability of Soil Types for General Farming & Forestry Degree of Limi tation for Recreational Use . . . . . . . Degree of Soil Limitation for Residential Development. Inventory of Game Species •- Montmorency· County • . • . . 11 12 15 16 17 17 19 21 29 31 75 78 79 86 FIGURES I I I I I I I l 2 3 4 Permanent - Seasonal Residents Population Distribution 1960 Population Distribution 1970. I.and Use Distribution . . . . V 13 11~ 15 27 �I INTRODUCTION Ill II II II Ill II • • •II II I • • What is a Comprehensive Plan? Any composition of people living in an area to form an identifiable community logically want to see that community develop in the best manner possible. In order to accomplish this, it is desirable to have broad guide- lines incorporated in a written document which attempts to analyze the community, its prior development and the people's needs and desires for the future. This is what this comprehensive plan does. It expounds upon those clements pertinent to the character and condition of Albert Township a nd synthesizes tllese components with the health, safety, and welfare needs of the township's residents. The result is a product· the people of Albert Town- ship can utilize in formulating their future physical, social, and economic development . Legal Jurisdiction This comprehensive plan was developed under the jurisdiction imparted to the Albert Township Planning Commission by the Michigan Townshj_p Planning Commission Act (Act 168 , P.A. 1959, as amended). One of the primary purposes of Act 168 is to provide for the health, safety, and welfare of the township's citizens by encouraging the wise allocation of existing resources "in accordance with their character and adaptability". Rationale of a Comprehensive Plan The comprehensive planning process is a rational means of meeting this responsibility, while at the same time allowing the people of Albert Township to guide the growth of their area. The comprehensive plan is an official -- 1 1 �public document adopted by a local govern~ent as a policy guide to decisions I about the pbysical development of the community. on anyone, but as a general development guide It is not lega l ly binding can indirectly determine local regulations and actions. I I The adoption of a general plan is looked upon favorably by private in dustrial and commercial interests seeking new locations, state and federal agencies concerned with community aid and local development programs, and potential residents in search of an orderly and desirable area to live . The word "comprehensive" denotes not only the physical, but also the social and economic development of the to,mship. I I I Since these tl1ree elements of the area cannot exist independently of each other, this document will consider them in light of their relation to one another. Re:?Jona1 Description Every jurisdiction is part of a larger entity which, to a greater or lesser degree, affects its operation and development. Consequently, Albert I I I I Township needs to be set in the perspective of the region and county in which it is located and should take into consideration the overall develop ment plan for the region . The Northeast Michigan Region consists of cigbt counties in the northeast section of the state incorporating 3,256,649 acres (5,088 sq . miles), of which 3,078,000 acres (96% ) is land surface and 122,000 acres (4%) is inland water surface . From the higher elevation of the western edge, tbe terrain gently slopes toward I.a.ke Huron, giving way to flatlands on the eastern boundaries . Wat er resources include numerous lakes and streams within heavily forested areas, as well as important watersheds such as: the Cheboygan . the AuSable; the Pt ne; the Ocqueoc; the Thunder Bay; and I I I I I I I I �I I I I i The region is prima rily dependent upon its land and ~~ter resources. From the advent of the lumbering industry) through the utilization of cleared land for agricultural production) to the r.ecent increase in small industries and tourism) the natural amenities of the area have been the major sustainers of the population. Approximately 9Li)OOO people resided in the region in 1970. result of a relatively steady population increase since 1930. and 1960J there was a net outmigration rate of 1. !~%. This is the Between 1950 From 1960 to 1970J the region experienced a net inmigration of 2,5%J indicating an increased popularity in the area. It is felt that the majority of this increase can be attributed to an influx of olderJ retired persons returning to northern Michigan after spending their productive years in the larger urban areas of the southern part of the state. On the other hand, a large proportion of outmigration can be traced to younger people seeking jobs in these urban areas. Regional Goals Regional goals include: the promotion of population growth while de- creasing outmigration; economic stabilization through diversified employment opportunities; reduction of dependence upon public assistance; improvement in the level of working skills; the provision for adequate educational! heal th welfare_, and other public services; the promotion of independence among local governmental units while maintaining liaison in programs of regional development; balanced recreation and tourism growth; quality housing for all residents; development of a comprehensive transportation system efficiently serving the region's residents while encouraging industrial and tourism activities; adequate delivery of utility services; the preservation and enhancement of environmental resources; and the development of necessary 3 �MAP 1 _______r r REGIONAL SETTING RI:X;IOH NINE 4 �I attitudes and programs for tl1e provision of a q_uali ty environment. I I I I I I I County Descripti on Montmorency County, in which Albert Township is located, contains 555 sq. miles with approximately 97% of the area as land surface and 3% inland water. As with the remainder of the region, the county's early development and growth can be attributed to the proliferation of lumbering activity. A rail- road network was constructed to facilitate the transportation of t:i.mber, and ~~s subsequently abandoned with the decline of the lumbering industry in the first half of this century. Farming has been rather limited in the county and today remains secondary to lumbering. Commercial forests comprise 81% of the county's land area making recreation as well as lumber:l.ng the two primary land uses. From 1959 to 1967, earnings in agricu·lture decreased 102'% - the greatest • • •• • • • • • decline in the region. · Earnings in manufacturing, on the other hand, :i.ncreased 602% during the same period - the highest proportional increase in the region . From 1970 to 1975, Montmore.ncy County employment figures reflected the great est increase in all categories in tbe region; a 69. 2o/o increase in the J.EJ.bor force; a 37% increase in the nw.nber of persons employed; manufacturing employment displayed the greatest growth rate in the county - an 84.6% increase from 1970. These figures indicate the county's trend toward greater manu- facturing activity. Urbanized land comprises only 0.4% of the entire area. 5,900 year-round residents lived in the county, per square mile. * Approximately a density of 10.65 people Net migration into Montmorency County between 1960 and 1970 was 15,5% of the 1960 population, compared to 2.5% for the region and 0,3% * 1973 Population Projections of Counties in Michigan; pub. by the Planning and Policy Division, Bureau of the Budget, Dept. of Management & Budget. 1974 5 �MAP 2 NORTI-iEAST MICI-IIGAN REc; roI'~ ,-FREEWAY -PRIMARY ROADS (f. 6 )NOARY CENTERS �I I I I I I I I I • for the state, indicating a movement pattern into more rural, recreational areas . I Coordino.t ion with Northeast Michigan Regional Planning and Development Commiss ion . The Albert Township Planning ·conimission, realizing the necessary benefits derived from the development of a comprehensive plan, has worked in close associat:ion with the staff of tbe Northeast Michigan Regional Plannin ,; and De'relopment Co:nm.i.s sJ.on in tl1e prcpa.rc.ti.on of this document . The Commi ssion realiz es tbe need for purposeful and ratj_ona l control of tbe township '· s future development. 'rl'1ey intend to efficiently discharge its goverrnuental functions and r.ocj_al obligations; j_mprove the overall economy of its jurisdiction while concurrently utilizing the area 's natura l resources in the most beneficial manner possible; and provide the township's residents with the highest quality of living environment possible . Tbe goals, policies, and objectives for future develop,nent of Albert I I I I Township are the result of a series of sessions during a three month period in which tl1e various social, physical, and economic components of the town ship were analyzed and placed in proper relationship to one another to achieve an objective and fairly comprehensive perspective of current ,lnd projected conditions . The characteristics of any living environment are predicated upon t}1e people and past activities whicb contributed to its present identity. I I I sequently, a brief analysis of the history of Albert Township will provide an insight into those components which combine to s'hape the locality as 'it is today. I I Con- 7 �Ill I I • II II Ill I Iii II Iii •II II I I I • • HISTORY • The history of Albert Townsbip is primarily the lJistory of Lewj_ston . The cultural character of Albert Township is heavily assocj_ated with events which occurred in this populated area . Lewiston was platted by the Michelson-Hanson Company in 1891 and named after Lewis Jenson) a company officer. Buildings were constructed at tbis time and a sawmill began operation in April of 1892 . A second operati on) the Kneeland-Bigelow Company) was initiated by two off:icers of the Michelson-Hanson Company . By the turn of the century 1 the village population had grown to approximately 800 with the two mills employing 150 men and as mo.ny more employed in the woods. The annual payroll at this time amounted to $70,000 and freiBbt costs fo.r :-;hipping lurnl)er· rose to !);80, 000 per year. A network of narrow gauge railroad tracks tra nsported logs into Lewiston and dumped them into East Twin lake for temporary storage . These logs were brought in from seventy lumber camps with the entire area 1 from East Twin lake to tl1e village, used as a storage yard for logs . Pine was harvested without adeq_uate reforestation and was depleted after a few years. By 1911, the mills bad closed and some of the existing houses were moved out of to,m 1 while others became dilapidated. Two major fires ( one in 1911+ destroying the east side of Kneeland Street and another approximately two years later demolishing the west side of the same street) ruined most of the commercial establishments . The two lumber mills 1 while in operation, supplied electricity to the business area and lake water for fire protection After the termination of activity in the mills, hardwoods were 8 �harvested in the township and sent to Grayl i ng, via train, where they were further transported to Bay City for milling . 1929 marked the end of this phase of lumbering activity in the township . The Michigan Central Railroad l had served the Lewiston area from 1892 to 1932 . The rail spurs between Grayling and Leuiston were removed .· In its "J-ieydc.y ", Lewiston contained five hotels a nd seven saloons to G.ccommodate the 2.umbcrje.cks work ing in the vicinj_ty. T}1e Congregntiona:i. Cl1w·ch (United Church of Christ) was const ructed in 1892 and j_s the only building in to-..--i.1 with one continuous identity. Agriculture ha.1; ahm.ys played a limited role in the eonomy of tb-3 townsl·J ip. During the 18':)0's, the Home Colony Company, a lo.nd-prorn ot ion co:i:pc,r- ation from Wisconsin, sold pnrcels for small farming operatior.s. Red clover and potatoes were grown until tl1e land becarce depleted and tlie railroad, which shipped potatoes as well as lumber, ceased operations . Currently, farming within ti1e township is insignificant . Tourism began to develop around 1935 . economic forces in the towns hip . Today this is one of the major Other important contributors to the local economy are building trades and a few small manufacturing industries . Today the to,mship bas a substantially greater population (approximate ly 5,000 permanent and seasonal residents ) than it sustained in its lumber ing era . Lewiston supports about 60 places of business, has three churches, a K-12 scbool district, curling and sportsmen ' s clubs, and various service organizations. The history of Albert Township, then, shows a chronological progression from fairly intense lumbering activity, to very limited farming, to a steady increase in - residential, recreational, service and indu strial a ct ivity . 9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �I I -I I I I I I I I I I I I I I THE PASE PIANNrnG APPROACH A variety of methodologies may be used in the formulation of a compre hensive plan . Some approaches are more applicable than others to a specific locality and others a.re_ fairly general in their adaptability . . proach, formu lated 1)y trie Nortbeas t Michigan Regional PlarLriing o.nd Development Commission falls in tl1e iatter category and i.s tl1e one used in this plan. PASE (People, Activities, Services, Environmerrl:,) re:f:'ers t o the classi-fication of rna,jo:r elements Jn tbe analys:i.s of Albcx·t '.ro,mship . It is a w-a.y of looking at the townsbip ' s social, institutional, economic, physical,_ and enviromnental features o.nd processes. An important phase of this analysis, and one utilized by tbe Albert To . . .rnship Plarming Commi ssion, is the esta.blishment of a matrix, or grid, -to clarify the results of interactions between tbese elements. In this manner, the effects of an action pertaining to one element (e. e . increased housing) are clearly seen in relation to other elements (e. g . increased property tax revenues or need for more classroom space). Tho se eff ects which a re desirable can be emphasized and those deemed undesirab le can be limited or abated. In many instances, therefore, trade-offs have to be made in arriving at the optimal combination of policies the township may adbere to. The PASE data, the matrix interaction approach, and the insi ghts of township's representatives, are combined to develop the goals, objectives, and policies whicl1 reflect the characteristics and attitudes of the township. This approach is, therefore, oriented toward the adoption of a realistic and viable guide to the future development of Albert To,mship . I I The PASE ap- J.b �-II PEOPLE POPUlA'rION The character, identity, and general atmosphere of an area is deter- I II II II II I mined by the combination of its people and natural environment and tl1e interrelationships occurring between these basic elements . berent capacity to define and change }1is physica.l environment to f.Ui t his immedjate and lon r~- r a n.?;e needs, it is important to analyze the human functions occm-ri.n3 :Ln the tO\mship. These activities and characteristics of the township's residents are establisbed for tbe maintenance e.nd improvement of their living conditions . A - J,11::i;ration I'atterns and Projections Migration in A.nd out of Albert 'l'ownship represents two major socioeconomi c characteristics. • •I • • •• --• Since man has a n in- They are tbe number of people entering or lea ving t he township, which contributes to the determination of future population statistics ; and the general origins of those entering the area, helping to formulate a broad, rationa l theory of tbe economic structure of these mi-grants . As Table I indicates, a substantially greater proportion of new residents migrate to tl1e area from different counties (probably from counties in the southern section of the state) • TABLE I MIGRATION PATTERNS - PERSONS 5+ BY 1965 RESIDENTS·>E- ~ of Tota l * Same Hous e - 554 5% Different House - Same County - 133 14% Di fferent County - Same State - 238 25% Source: 1970 US Censu s - Fifth Count Summary Tape ll �I Population projections for the township simulate the most logical and rational patterns of growtb up to the year 2000, and in tbis context, cirI cumscribe the elements included in the plan. _ To attempt to predict future population for the township is precarious at the least . •I The results depend upon a combination of past events and a I logical prediction of future national, state, and regional trends. Table II denotes the percentage increase projected during each ten year interval within tbe planning period for tl1e permanent and seasonal sec tors . I As clearly indicated, the projection assumes an equal proportional increase in both sectors. The se high projection rates are reinforced by the Northeast Michigan Regfonal Plannine; and Development Commiss ion's forecast that Albert Township will experience the l a rgest proportional increase in population in tbe county between 1970 and 1990. I TABLE II PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN PROJECTED POPULATION 1960-1970 Perma.nent Seasona l Total 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 170% 58% 29o/o 22% 7% 58% 29% 22% 42% 58% 29i 22% The current and projected population figures displayed in the trend lines of Figure 1 are based upon 1974 unit service data supplied by the Presque Isle Electric Co-op. Taki ng into consideration the current energy situation and the subsequent propensity to limit seasonal and week-end travel to areas witl1in a short distance of home, more leisure time for the working class, _and the increasing tendency of people (including young adults with families) to leave urban areas and adopt more rural lifestyles, these projections are considered to be the most realistic. 12 I I I I I I I I I I I I I �I F.IGURE 1 Permanent Residents I I I I I I I I . -. . , Seasonal Residents Total Population I 15,000 14,000 13,000 119~ 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7500 715 I I I I I I I ./ 7,000 / 6,000 5,000 473 4,000 / / 3076 3,000 ~ / 2,000 _:92~_ / 2838 / -. ~- 2629 --A- - -A( " 84-· 1,000 1950 1960 1970 • I - _ 13 1980 1990 200( �Because ·of lower national birth rates, the greater percentage of this population growth in the township will more than likely be a result of migration into tbe area. These migratfon and popul'a.tion projection factors reiterate the need for Albert Township to optimally accommodate a sizable increase in diverse human needs, and .their expected impac~s, through proper planning and implementat.ion. J3 - A~ The median age of the res:i.dents of Albert Tow11ship in 1970 was 40. 8 years (42 years for tlle female population and 39 years for the male population). This compares with a county median age of 36.3 and a regional median of 28.3 years, indicating a propensity for older, retired people to migrate to tbe tovmsbip and the younger productive age groups to leave the area for jobs elsewhere. This phenomenon is further substantiated by Figures 2 e.,, 3, which display the population pyramids for Albert Township for 1960 and ·1970. FIGURE 2 Age l+4 65 + 59 55 64 -57 45 54 35 !+4 25 34 15 2J+ 5 14 0 4 47 ., 24 32 51 19 90 80 70 I I I I I I I 60 50 40 30 20 70 -I '~ I I 32 · 20 30 Fema.l e POPU,IATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE ALBERT TOWNS HIP - 1960 14 I I 10 J.O I 40 50 M3.J.e 60 70 I - �FIGURE 3 Age I52 75 1 + 29! ; 65 - 74 ]56 I 79 37 35 ... 4.11- 37 25 - 311- 70 60 50 40 30 . f16 20 10 701 57 l 331 15 ... 24 i I- J.4 I 0 ... 4 5 6 80 681 45 - 54 - I 48 90 64 55 7 771 J 611 I ·- 241. 10 20 30 40 Female - 50 100 i . - --- . ---· 60 70 ·------J.----·- Male POPULt\TION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE ALBE.Wr TOWNS HIP - 1970 Compared with tbe county and region (Tables III & IV for 1960 and 1970), Albert Township shows a predominantly smaller percentage of younger age groups between the ages of Oto 44 years. There concurrently exists a relatively higher percentage of older people (45+) in the township than the county or · region. TABLE III AGE - GHOUP PERCENTAGE OF TarAL POPUIATION 1960 Albert Towns hi u County Region under 7% 10.2',t 12.81%, 14 16% 20.6% 21. 6<fo 15 - 24 9% 12. CY,L 12. O',h 25 - 44 19% 20.11%, 26.6% 45 - 64 3Cf/, 24.1% 19. 3% 65 161/, 13.(1% 8.~ Age Group 4 & 5 & over 15 80 90 1( �TABLE IV AGE - GROUP PERCENTAGE OF TarAL PORJIATION 1970 I Age Group Alber~ Township County Re5ion 1+ & under 3°'p . 6.7~ 8.5~ 5 - 14 ·19% 20.6% 23.4% 15 - 2h lo% 13.3% 15.1% 25 - 41~ 15% 17.Bt · 21. 1% 45 - 61+ 2% 25-7% 20.8% 65 2af, 15.si 11.3% & over Th~se statistics indicate two cogent needs of the township: 1. To attract production, younger age groups to the area . 2. Provide adequate services to meet the needs of the older, . . retired residents of the community. C - Occupation The working population of the township consists primarily of service, operative, and kindred workers. These groups compose approximately 39% · of the tota1 employees in the township. The vocational composition of the Albert To,mship can be seen in Table V, co:nparing the occupation cllaracteristics of the township wit}.J those of Montmorency County. 16 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �I I I I I I I I OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS No. in Employment by Occupation Township Professional, technical, and kindred % of Labor Force County % of Labor l~orce 35 ,10 141 9 5 1 73 5 36 10 156 11 · 17 5 99 7 Sales workers 23 7 69 4 Craftsmen, foremen & kindred workers 35 10 266 18 Operators kindred workers 71 21 300 21 Service wo rk e rs (inc. priva te hous e holds) 60 18 200 14 Laborers (e xcept farm 24 7 102 7 Fanners, farm managers Managers, officials proprietors & Clerical and kindred workers & & min e ) I '.mBLE VI EMPLOY1·1ENT ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS I No. in Employment by Industrv Township of Labor Force % of Labor Force % Construction 44 11 179 9 Manufacturing 74 19 417 23 65 17 399 22 Transportation 17 .4 41 2 Wholesale 98 26 316 17 Durable Goods & Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, Business & Repairs 10 · 2 50 3 Other Professional 21 5 59 3 9 2 114 6 12 3 69 3 ·21 5 145 8 .0 0 14 0 & Related Services Educational Services Public 7\dministration other Industries Communications, Utilities & Sanitary Systems Source: 1970 US Census, FifU·, Cow1t . Summary Tape 1'( �The township has the same general composition of professional and technical workers:, managers, officials, and prop)ietors as the remainder of the county. foremen. However, it retains a lower percentage of craftsmen and This particular combination of professions in Albert Township reflects the predominance of the wholesale and retail trade, and manufac turing industries. (See Table VI.) The overall analysis seems to indi- cate a need for economic opportwiity for skilled labor (craftsmen) and there seems to be a reliance upon the retail trade :i.ndustry, which utilizes unskilled and semi-skilled personnel. D - Education The educational composition of the residents of' Albert 'l'ownship is an important element in definin g its cultural and economic status at any point in time. The creativity, ingenuity, and comprebensive knowled ge of tbe I I I I I I I I I I population of the area, as well as, its ability to attract desirable economic activities, is related to educational endeavors. Table VII exhibits the completed education levels of tbe working a·ge population for the township and the county. Thirty-one percent of Albert Township's population over 25 had only an elementary education in 1970, compared to 38% for the county . age 25 and over in the township, 62</o had terminated their c Of all people i 11 cation or after high school, whereas 51'% had done so in the count y. during Seven percent of all those 25 and over in the township have had some college experience, and lo% of this aGe category in the cowity had attended college. of those 25 and over in the township were college graduates, county's 25+ population had college degrees . 18 4% While 2% of the I I I I I I I I I �These statistics direct attention to the fact that a smaller percentage of the township's residents over 25 had terrinated their education during or after elementary school than their cohorts in the county. Subsequently, compared to the county, a larGer proportion of the township's residents in this age category had a high school education. Montmorency County, however, contained a relatively greater ratio of college educated citizens. ,~1ile the township bad a greater percentage of high school graduates, the county retained a greater relative share of college graduates . In attempting to improve the socio-economic status of the township and become competitive with the remainder of the county in luring professional activities into the townsbip, the need to upgrade skills and professional capacitie s are of primary importance . Economy The economic characteristics of the township can be depicted by an analysis of employment, income, and entrepreneural activity. Industrial, commercial, service, and recreational endeavors determine the opportunities for employment and subsequent income levels. Referring to Table VI, retail trade is the largest employer in the township. Lewiston contains the majority of this type of activity including grocery stores, drug store, hardware stores, lumber yard, restaurants, bars, and gasoline stations, as well as, a variety of other retail businesses. Manufacturing is the second largest employment category. The major em- ployer in the to,msbip is Lewiston UJ.stre, manufacturer of automobile trim, wbose employment rate more or less fluctuates according to the production activity of the major auto manufacturers. The current number of employees ·at Lewiston UJ.stre stands at approxirr.o.tely 120, of which 6c:;fo are female. 20 I I I I I I I I I I I I �I I 'r I I I I I I I I I I I Other industrial operations include lumber mills and wood pallet manufa cturers, a special machinery production plant, a countertop manufacturer, and sand and gravel extraction and hauling operatibns. Other activities in the township which re~1ire professional experience include banking, real estate, insuranc_e, legal, medical, and educational services. Although there is a substantial variety of serv:i.ces and employment opportunities available in the area, the provision of mercantile, manufacturing, and professiona l services are not as adequate as can be fo~md in other nearby larger co:nrrrunities. As a result, residents and vacationers in the township must travel to these primary cent ers to secure those provisions and services which cannot be found in Albert Township. The 1970 unemployment rate for the tovmship was lower than that for the (See Table VIII) county and region. TABLE VIII Albert Township Montmorency Counti 207 965 11 84 5 8 Female Employed 99 447 %Unemployed 10 15 Male Employed Unemployed o/o Unemployed EMPLOYMENT Percent of labor Force unemployed: Source: Township - 6% County - 10.6% Region - 10.4~ 1970 US Census Fifth Count Data 21 �I Individual and family incomes in the township for 1969 were fairly similar to those in the county and region. The median per capita income for the township during that period was $2,341.ool while the county's was $2,294.00 and the region's was $2,678.00. The median family income level for the township in 1969 was somewhat less than the county or region; whereas, Albert Township sustained a $5,600.00 median, the county's level was $5,851.00 and the region maintained a median of $7,470.00. US Census Fifth Count Summary Data.) (Source: 1970 These lower income figures for the township reflect the predominance of small businesses which can not afford to offer competitive wages, as well as the absence of a skilled and professional labor force. There were forty-one families in the township in 1970 below poverty level and with no public assistance, while at the same time, nine families required public assistance to climb above poverty·level status. These fifty famiries constituted 16% of all families in Albert Township, which compared favorably to the 19% rate for families in this income category in the county. Overall, 6% of ail persons under 65 in the township were below poverty level in 1970; whereas, 13% of all the county's 65 and under residents were in the same economic category. (Source: 1970 US Census Fifth Count Summary Data.) The statistics, then, indicate that while the overall income level of the township's residents was lower than the county or region, there was not as great a distribution on the lower end of the income scale. Government The ability of the township to maintain its present resources and to provide - for the future needs of its residents lies in the degree of sopbistication the local government, with county, state, and federal assistance, 22 I I I I I I -I I I I I ,1 I I I I I I �I I displays in its decision making efforts. Local policies, programs, and res- ponses to citizen needs and desires is dependent upon the interest shown by, and innovative capacities of, the members of the township board, planning commission, and various local advisory bodies. I I I I I I In order to promote needed programs and changes and assert their constitutional rights, the -citizens of Albert Township should understand tbe people and processes involved in local decision making. Since Albert Town- ship is an unchartered township, its powers in exercising home rule are limited. agencies: Various governmental services are provided by state and county Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Montmorency County Road Commission, District 2 Mental Health Services, District Health Department Number 4, and Social Service District Number 2, to name a few. The Albert Township Board is the administrative and legislative branch of the local government; making decisions pertaining to fiscal spending, government services, physical development, and other matters of local con~ I I I I I I I I I cern. It is composed of five elected members. The To,mship has various appointed boards and commissions including the Planning, Zoning,and Sanitation Commission; and the Police and Fire Administration Board. The Planning Commission was created in 1969 under Act 168 of the M_j_chigan Public Act of .1959, as amended. The Commission's charge is to guide the growth and development of the township while promoting the health, safety, and welfare of its citizens. This entails holding hearings and making rec- ommendations on zoning changes and various requests and proposed development plans, and engaging in the .formulation of a comprehensive plan for the township. r·'• The Police and Fire Administration Board is appointed by the township supervisor to oversee the operation of the Police and Fire Departments. 23 �Recommendations are then made to the township board, which makes ~he final decisions on these manpower, equipment and monetary requisitions . f The township was the first in the county with its own zoning ordinance and building code, a reflection of the comprehension and foresight of local decision-makers in matters pertaining·. to growth . It is the responsibility of the loca l citizenry to insure that gove rnment keeps abreast of the needs of the area in light of new de velopment . This re- quires individual and group interest in local matters, a will ingness to respond financially and voluntarily, and insight mixed with innovation on the part of local elected and appointed officials . I I I I I I I I I I I 24 I I I I I I I �.f • • • • II II • • • • • I TOWNSHIP BOARD (5 Elected Members) Planning Commission Police and Fire Administration Board (5-9 Appointed Members) ALBERT TOWNSHIP ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE 25 �ACT T V '- E S �-I I I ACTIVITIES General Land Use: The physical development Albert Township is an outgrowth of the resident's attraction to, and confidence in, its social and natural environment. Spatial form, the proximity of various land uses to one another, is the expression of economic opportunities and constraints, accessibility, and aesthetic considerations. To facilitate the quality of living in the township, whereby these economic, social, and aesthetic considerations are optimized, the best quantity and distribution of the various land uses in the township need to be realized. (See Figure 4.) Analyses of current land use will expose existing assets and liabilities for accommodating human activities and protection of the environment. Map 3.) (See Knowledge of these characteristics is necessary for the formulation 1 of future plans for the township. I I I I I I I A - Residential Land Use -I bf Until now, the greatest residential activity has taken place in Lewiston and on properties surrounding East and West Twin Lakes, as well as, Big and Little Wolf Lakes. In these areas, the current density is approximately 1.53 persons per acre, the highest in the township. The majority of commercially sold residential subdivisions can be found in the Lewiston-Twin Lakes area, many dating back to the 1920's. Later subdivisions are located in outlying areas, primarily due to the fact that the Twin Lakes and Wolf Lakes areas have been substantially platted and developed. At the present time, there are over 3,000 of these subdivision parcels, and about 825 or approximately one-quarter have been developed for residen- tial use. �FIGURE 4 74.7% 32.7% Agriculture' 52 .0% Fore sted Land FORESTED 3. 2% Transp. · LAND 1. 7% Recreation .0% Urbanization Region 9 State 3.0% Urban 1.0% 8.0% AGRIC. l. 9% TRANSP. 0. l % REC. 80.8% 47.0% 49.0% Forested Land FORESTED vacant Land LAND. Albert Township Montmorency County I.AND USE DISTRIBUTION 27 �.MAP 3 ALBERT TCMNSHIP EXISTING GENERAL LAND USE Scale: l" Medium Density Residential Rural Residential & Open Space State Forest I~ commercial . [t)~'.N\U}Wi(W/:/W:I Industrial I- Primary Roads - ,~, Michigan Cross State Cycle Trail \,' 28 = 1. 37 Mi. �The more rural residential units are located on 5, 10, and 20+ acre privately owned parcels dispersed throughout the1township. The majority of I I I these are currently being utilized as seasonal residences for summer and winter vacationers. There are over 600 of these residential units in Albert Township not constructed within subdivisions; and of the over 1400 total dwelling units, approximatel y 130 (9%) are mobile homes or trailers. Housing quality and design ranges from simple one or two room huntin~ and vacat:i.on cottages to large ranch style homes. Even thou gh many of these ·1arger well built residences are now used for seasonal living, they can potentially be used as year round dwellings. Table IX depicts the chronological development of residential land use in Albert Township. TABLE IX* Housing Units by year structure built (1970) Year 84 9% 1940-49 223 24% 1950-59 283 3Cffo 1960 - 64 184 19% 1965-70 150 16% 1939 * c/o of Total now existing Number ) ~ 35% Source: 1970 US Census Fifth Count Summary Data The greatest percentage of residential units were built between 1960 and 1970 (35%), an increase from the preceding decades. There has been a steady increase since 1939 in the number of total units built in the township. 29 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �I I The percentage of these housing units that have been occupied (full-time residences) has remained constant as a percentage lof total units in the tmmship (approximately 39%). I I I I I I These statistics tend to reiterate the steady proportional increases in projected permanent and seasonal residents, as well as, the 58% projected population increase per decade . The quality of living conditions can be determined by the analys is of overcrowding 2.nd lack of plumbing facilities found in the township's housing stock and the average value of o'l-mer occupied residences in tl~e area. Table X compares overcrow<linG and plumbing faciliti e s rates for the county and the townsliip. 'l'here are proport:i.onately more ad equa te plumbin[s and sani- tary facilities per resid.e ntial unit in tl1e to'l-mslJip than the county. Home ownership in Albert Townsbip is relatively greater tban in the county (92% of all units compared to 86% for the county). 'l'his would indicate a rela- tively greater interest among townsbip residents in decisions affecting rea l property. Additionally, home o,mers would tend to have higher incomes than non-owners and be more stable in tenure than the more transient residents in rental hous:i.ng . Tbe average value of owner occupied residences in Albert To'l-msbip in 1970 was approximately $1L~, 000, compared to $12,000 for the county as a whole. If all of the existing subdivision parcels were developed, a total of about 9,060 people would reside in them (at 3.18 persons per unit). Since this is the projected population for 1992, there would seem to be an adequate number of tbese parcels now existing to satisfy the potential population demand at least until 1992. However, a large number of lots are inadequate in size under existing local standards, and they may have to be combined to 30 �facilitate development. Under these circumstances, and to maintain a variety in types of development, provision should be made for additional I planned subdivisions in the township. I TABLE X* Overcrowding Township No. County % No. 'f: 1970 0\-mer Occupj_ed Uni ts: 1 or less persons/room 1.1 - 1.5 persons/room 330 1~3 1+ 29 153 18 10 194 40 124 843 I I Units Lacking Some Plumbing Facilities: Occupied ·X-Source: vacant year rot,i.nd units & 17%, 1970 US Census Fiftb Count Summary Data B - Commercial and Office Activity Commerce and the economic activity it perpetuates is of prime importance in determinine the welfare of the township. I I I Renter Occupied: 1 or less persons/room 1.1 - 1,5 persons/room I I I The provision and distri- bution of commercial facilities are often dependent upon the size and socio- I I I I economic characteristics of the area they purport to serve. seasonal residents who desire non-durable goods and whose needs are somewhat I I different than those who live in the area throughout the year. I In Albert Township, commercial activity serves the permanent residents who bave needs for more durable items; however, it is more ' oriented toward The majority of residents are attracted to the area, not because of its commercial opportunities, but primarily because of the existing natural amenities and rural characteristics. 31 I I I ... �-I There is currently a variety of retail facilities available to fulfill immediate needs, but these are limited in the quantity, quality,and variation of items which are offered. I I I I I I I The gr~atest dive~sity and opportunity for choice exists in the grocery and restaurant bu sinesses . There are five outlets in the township where grocery items can be purchased, rangin~ from three larger stores in Lewiston to two smaller resort-type facilities outside the central business area. Restaurants are among the most prolific of c2mmercial activities, and are mostly located :Ln and around Lewiston . These facilities enjoy peak business during the summer months, declining in activity durin.1 the w:inter. Other comrnerd.al activities, t}1e majority located in Lewiston and e.d,jacent to East and West Twin Lakes, :i.nclude gas stations, hotel-mote.l--res or t establishments, sporting goods stores, motorized sports equipment sales outlets, drug store, barber and beauty shops, clot'hing stores, hardware stores, and several other independently run businesses. There are real estate offices, insurance offices, lega l offices, a banJ~, a telephone facility, and a Chamber of Commerce Information Center, providin~ professional services to the community. C - Industrial Activity Industrial and industrial related activities in Albert Township are one of the major sources of employment, especially those pertaining to the manu facturing of non-durable goods. (See Table VI - Page 17. ) The phenomenon is somewhat surprising, considering the rural - seasonal character of the township; but a potential trend toward dispersed, smaller industrial units in small communities may make this activity more common. Some of the rationale behind industrial location in a small community 32 �include the f ac t that people are more involved in tbeir work situation, there is a lower absenteeism than in larger urban areas, and property ta.xes are generally lower . Additional potential for atfracting industry into the township lies in the provision of an industrial park for efficient, minimum cost operation; recreation and leisure amenities; and the absence of traffic con;estion in daily employee work trips. The tm~1shi p currently hns a 40 a cre designated industria l park, en compass in g nine subdivided parcels located north of Lewiston. Par;e 28 . ) (See Map 3 - There are also several other industrial acti v:i.ties disper se d througr1out the a:cea ir:c 1udin3 a pullet manufacturer, truckin,s; company, countertop manufacturer, special equipment manufacturer,- several home construct:i.on companies, plurnb :i.ng and ele ctr:i.cal contractors, well drilline; companies, petroleum products distributors, sawmills, woodcutters, ready-mix concrete plants, and exca,~ting companies . Tbe largest single employer in Albert Tovmship is Lewiston lustre, manufacturer of metal automotive trim . Employment in this or ga nization fluc- tuates according to activity in the automobile industry and currently employs approximately 120 personnel, 60% of which are female . 'l'he largest percente.ge of industrial related employment is in tbe "operatives and kj_ndred workers" category (21%) . "Craftsmen, foremen, and k·indred workers 11 ; "professiona l, technical, and kindred workers" ; and "managers, officials, and proprietors" each constitute 101, of the total labor force. "Laborers 11 compose approximately 7% of the total labor force . Therefore, the range of occupational categories in industry-oriented activities is mainly composed of semi-skilled labor, with craftsmen and other skilled workers primarily engaged in tlJose occupations related to physical development (construction, heating and plumbing, electrical contractors ). 33 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �D - Recreational Activity Albert Township's identity lies primarily in its rural .recreational atmosphere. The low population density (approxi~ately .12 persons/acre) makes it an attractive area for open-space· recreation. Most of tbe recrea- tional activity takes place during the summer months and is generally oriented toward aquatic sports and outdoor camping . The 1316 acre West 'l'win and 830 acre East 'l'win Ls.kes, as well as, Little Wolf and Big Wolf I.r.1kes , (See Map 1+.) are the predominant recreational areas. Within 15 miles are Tee, Snyder, Big and Little Bear, Avery, and numerous otl1er lakes, as well as several streams, providin g a variety of fish habitats . There are two state forest campgrounds - Avery IE.ke and Little Wolf lake - witb :in the toun- • • • • • • • • • • ship and one - McCormick I1.1ke - located in Briley Township. 45 campsites. Avery J.ake has Little Wolf Lake contains 33 campsites and 12 ca10p sites are available at McCormick Ll.kc. In addition, Sage Lake Flooding l1as provisioP-s for boating and sanitary facilities . Four seasonal resorts are located on East Twin and I-lest Twin IB.kes and two are i.n the Little Wolf I..ake area . Two local picnicking and recreational parks are located in the Lewiston area, along with public and private bathing, and boat launching areas on East and West 'l'win IB.kes. A ski area., snowmobile trail, curline club, and bowling alley provide winter recreational activities . The township is presently attempting to establish a 40 acre park. Map 5.) (See This area is to be designed as a major recreational facility con- taining a variety of outdoor activities • Game available for hunting include deer, wild turkey, rabbit, woodcock, and ruffed grouse . The Michigan Cross State Cycle Trail is in the eastern ~ 34 �I I I MAP 4 J. McCORMICK .Q. LAKE CAMPGROUND 0 GOLF COURSE_ Jffi::R.EA. TI ON Aru1\ S 1~~1 Michiga n Cross State Cy cle Tra il ~~ Woodcoc k ··,. J.\ P.F.sf P}M'.:\}'./!i./\ri\:'J)));:";)_: :J l-----1 & Ruffed Grouse Area Public Fish.i.ng Site ski Area Source: "Autumn Color & Bird Hunter Guide" Montmorency Tribune 9-13-73 Snowmobile Trail 35 I I I I I I �I I I I I I I I I MAP 5 PROPOSED 40 ACRE PARK :ffiCILI'IY �portion of the tmmship. An eighteen hole golf course is located several miles south on state highway 489 i n Oscoda County. A variety of local recreational and enterta inment programs a re sponsored during the year by the residents of the township including a water ski show, service organization picnics, art shows, and a winter carnival . Key elements in determining the viability and success of recreational endeavors include environmental features such as climate, s cenery, natural areas, soils, and ,,c1ter, as well as, population characteristics ( s ize, dis tribution, n~e, and income levels) and proxj_mi ty o.nd access. M:lp 6 depicts the 500 m:Lle recreational and tourism spriere of influence for Micb:i.gan . Tl1is potential wo.rl<et 112.s been reduced from an origh1al 12 state attraction radius, to the current five state area and because of the "energy crunch" may dwindle even f\trther . By tbe same t oken, those people living in the soutbern sections of Michigan will tend to limit their vacation and weekend travel distances to attractive localities nearer to borne. Con - sequently, as the less dense northeastern section of Mi chi gan becomes more popular, access becomes more of a factor in tbe total recreational field . E - Forests, Agriculture, Open Sna£~ Almost 50% (22,000 a cres) of the township is state owned land, all in- cluded in the Thunder Bay River State Forest . 'l'he predominance of state forest land extensively limits the land area which the tmms1Jip can effec tively control, and in essence affects the overall population density of the area. Some logging of oak, red, white, and jack pines, aspen , birch, and maple, which are the major forest types , occurs on both state land and private • -I •I I - II J a I I I I I I ~ 37 I �M.7\P 6 . THE 500 MILE . PRIMARY SPHERE OF INFLUENCE FOR . GREAT LAKES TOURISM DU LU 1'H GARY RADIAL DISTANCE 500 Miles NO. PEOPLE 52 million excl. Ca nada '1n OF' ·U.S.- % E. MISS. R. 50%+ Michi ~an's tour is t traffic ori g i~ates primarily from within the above circle. It al s o represents an approxi~ate one day's d r i v e to N or th c a s t M i ch i ~a. n • Be c au s c o f g e o {-;r a p h y a 1 on o , ~ e, rt h e a s t Michigan is in the center . of this large population. �property. The primary wood using industries are related to wood pallet pro- duction, sa~mill operations, paper products, and building materials. While ' state property cannot be subdivided, it can be economically productive for lumbering activities. large, privately owned parcels of forested land are being partitioned into sma ller 10, 20-, and 40 acre parcels, making these units less economical for logging. Agricultur e ha s neve r b een a s predomina nt i n Albe r t Towns bip a s it ba s -A- in otber se cti ons of t be c ount y or re c;ion, prima ril y beca u s e of tl1e l a ck of ade q_ua te t ransportat ion, 1:1. short g:rowin~ s ea s on, and s oil limitations . At one per iod in tl1e t ownsh ip' s hist ory, r ed c lover and pot a t oes ,-,er e barve s t cd a nd sldpj)ed by t rain t o otber loca litj_e s . At pr es e nt, t bcr e i s no commerc ia l agricultura l pr oduction in the township. Several f act ors belp to expla in tbis current situa tion. As mentioned earlier, tbc soils (Rubicon, Gr_a yling, Ka.lka~ka, East lake, Ma ncelona , Leelanau, a nd Emmet) ha ve generally fair to poor suitabil i ty for farming. There are only 70 to 90 frost-free da.ys. The subdivision of lare;e acreo.f,e into 10 and 20 a cre parcels limits the amount of land that can effectively be put into agricultural production. Open space (vacant) l a nd substantially defines most of the area. The overwhelmin g ma jority of land use activity in the township pertains to residential units. As the area increases in population, many of the larger vacant parcels w-111 be utilized for both small and large residential subdivisions, diminishing the supply of a vailable vacant land. With proper planning to accommodate projected popula tion growtb, the optimum utilization of the vaca nt land can be realized. 39 . �I I F - Transportation Circulation and accessibility are important elements in the viability and growth of an area. Albert Township is removed from major transportation routes in the state, which reflects both beneficial and adverse conditions I I I I I I for the township and its environment. While economic progress may be achieved by easy access for commercial and industria l shipping of materials, the existing rural chara cteristics of tl1e area could diminish. Up until now, the loca l residents of a vicinity l1av0 not had much of a voice in tlJe tran sportation decision 1uaking procesf; at the state or county leve l) so a communit y may h3.VC exper:i.enced undesirable c;rowth as a result of exprc!ss,,c1y or thorougl1i'c.re placement witbout being ab le to control sucl1 growth. Eopef'ully , today the~; e larger units of gov<:::rnrnent are more r espon - sive to local concerns . Alb ert Township has an adva.ntage, then) of beinc; able t o determine t he direction it de~ires its future to take and can u s e I the transportation system, witllin ' its boundarie·s, and in conjunction with· I I I I surrounding toWJ1:sbip s and counties, as a means of influencing its rate of growtb. Map 7 displays the major transportation routes surrounding Albert Township. Interstate 75, US 23, and Michigan 33 are three major north-south traffic arteries in the vicinity of the township while Michigan 32 crosses Montmorency County in an east-west directj_on. I-75 is the main thorough- fare for traffic originating in the more urban sections of the southern part of the state and for vacatj_oners from other states. In addition, US 131 is proposed t o adjo in I-75 on EJ.n east--west coordinate) somewhere between Frederic and Vanderbilt. Thi s will increase the accessibility to the region for traffic emanating fr om tbe Chicago area . 40 �I JAY MAJOR TPJ\N'SPOR'JJ\TION ROll 'l'ES IN NORTIIEPl-l LO,qER ~HCHIGZ\N 41 I I �I I While these traffic flows do not directly pass tbrough the township) they increase the likelihood of travelers taking 'side-trips' into the area) as well as) improving the capab ility of Albert Townbhip to be accessible to I I I I I I I industrial and commercial transport. Map 8 gives a more deta iled perspective of the township's existing transportation system. The Montmorency County Road Commission is the over- seer of roads in Albert 'rownship . surface roads and 6. 21 miles of f;econdary roads within tbe tmmship . Propo sed improvementG to 1980 include 2 miles of paving and l.09 m:i.1es of curb and gutter instalJ.ation. A county ma i.ntcnance and stora c;e c;arac;e j_s also located in tlle to.mship . Access to tllc a rea is currently achieved via three pri~Qry ru~ds: County Road 61.2 , running ea st and wc:.t from I-75; County Roc~d l1 G9) whicb links t}1e township wi tll M-72 i.n Oscoda County _; County noad ~-91 , p2.ssinG in a northsouth direction from H- 32 . I I The county maintains 22. 78 miles of primary These are two-lane t11oroug11fe.res and are used by botb auto and truck traffic. There is a privately owned airport facil:i.ty loc:i.ted close to the industrial park. It contains two grass-strip runways, one being 3200 feet long and the other 1800 feet in length and can accommodate small twin engine aircraft. It is primarily used during the swnmer months. During peak periods an average of 12 planes per weekend use t11e airport, Map 9 indicates the airports wit}1in the northeastern reGion) the largest b.eing located in Alpena. Tbis airfield serves tl1e only commercial carrier in the area and bas the capacity to accommodate jet aircraft. There are numerous commercial flights serving Bay City and Traverse City, both of which are easily accessible from Albert To,rnship. 42 Gaylord also plans to expand their �ALI3ER'l1 TOi,'NSIJIP EXISTING CIRCULA'l1 ION SYSTEH Paved Roads Graveled Roads 1--.1 1-----1 --~---- Good Dirt Roads Poor Dirt Roads I I I I I I I I I • �- MAP 9 I I I I , 'I QJ..ndian flay ) L±_I I ICH [BOYGAN I _ _i_ _ _ - , O'A_.: I {G;, v10 1d I OlStGO 1 I - l ___ I ·0.:_ I A:l:1n~c J_ 0-~· - -· - .L~:·:::~-~c.. CR/\WFO rl J cru,v,•o I : OSCO Dr, --i- i Al. CON.C< ;,Zt ,·-,0' Gfdyl1ng I \I d ::::· I AI_P[NA M0h'll.1()1~[NCY I ' ~I A11oor1 :,:~ Greet Lah<.·s Sh!'Of)1ng H,Hf)O! I I I .'i"· ..;2, IH>r \ \!" I Cl of Re l upe:, way Det,011 ~ h'1ack1n;,c RY. - - r\lcw York Ccnlri1I f(y. Source: rvl1Chi9 <1n Den;,rtn1cnt of Na1,,,a1 Rr!>ourcc~ (Nor:hca s. t tv•11ct,i9an r~e9 to nal Plr1nnin9 £ Dcveloomcnt Comrr11!,!>1on) REGION 9 - MILRCT\DS, AIRPORTS & POR'I'S I I I 44 .!.. �airport facilities to handle jet aircraft . With these major facilities, Albert Township can be considered to be readily a ccessible by air . There are no railroad lines in the town s hip Jnd the region lacks pas senger rail service. The two lines that are within the region are aligned with the major motor vehicle routes . (See Map 9.) The state is currently studying the feasibility of expanding t he rail network in Reg i on 9 to in elude passenger service . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -I 45 I �s· ERV :" ( C E S • �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SERVICES The quality and quantity of services provided to a community either contribute to, or subtract from, its overall attractiveness. Healtb, safety, and welfare considerations are integral elements of any decisi.ons to institute and ID9.int_a in adequate police, fire, sanitary, educational, and recreational facilities and proerams . Additional conveniences, including telephone, electrical distribution, and gas and oil for l1eating and cooking, are made available to residents of the tovmship on a private or semi-public profit making basis. The provision o:f tl1ese services ( governmental and non-govern."';}ental) is dependent upon t}1e size, distribution, and econom:ic c}iaracteristics of the township. Those proGrc:"ms and ut i. lities the local government assumes respon- sibility for are supported primarily by the c ollection of property taxes. . . Conse quently, tl1e c:apaci ty to allocate required services to the res:Ldents of the townsl1i.p is dependent upon tbe ability and willingness of the residents to pay for these aJ;enibies . Pri vate and semi-public services, however, are such that economj_c :profit may be re-invested in ec1uipment and processes which upgrade the efficiency of the particular operation. Local government fi:--ids it difficult to maintain suffj_cient services while attempting to minimj_ze · property taxes. TJ1rough cooperation with other state and local agencies, additional support for instituting community facilities and services can be realized. A - Communication The role of disseminating information (verbal and visual) is allocated primarily to non-governmental enterprise . 46 As with other similar businesses, �these undertakings are profit-making concerns and theoretically provide com petitive and efficient services . Communication resources are located outside ihe boundaries of Albert Township and, hence, the tmmship has very lit tle control over the dissemi nation of news originating in the area . Publications available to the town - ship residents include the Montmorency County Tribune from Atlanta, the Detroit Free Press and the Detroit News, the Otse8;0 County Herald Times from Gaylord, a nd tlie Bay City Times . (See Map 10 ,) Cable television is not available in the area; reception is provj_ded vj_a individual antenna s . Several sta tions can be received on local television sets, including a Publ i c Broadcas ting System station. AM comrnercial rf!dio reception is limited, the nea rest transmitting stations bein~ in Gaylord and Grayling . I I I I I FM s t a tions genera te clear reception du r inG the daylii:;ht and even- ing hours, wJth a pprox:i.mately 6 stations reaching the township. Telephone service is provided by the General Telephone Company of Michi gan, which bas an exchange and storage facility in Lewiston. According to 19'/0 Census Data, 89% of all occupied uni ts in the township had telephones; assuming this rate has been consistent during the past several years, approxi mately 660 permanent residences had phone service in 1974, A Uq Post Office facility is located in Lewiston and services approximately 730 residences in the township utilizing two routes and post office boxes within the facility. Special purpose systems pertaining to police, fire, and health protection I I I I I I I I I are available in the form of radio communication units in the tllree township fire trucks, police and ambulance uni ts, and fire and· ambulance personnel. 1 1 1 47 l �.cv I I I I MEDIA AVAILABLE TO ALBERT TOvlNSHIP <> Q1B []j Weekly Newspape~ =I= TV Stations Daily Newspaper o , lH U', ) BAY ., l' ILLf I I l05£8U SH A S A B "T L. L A M I �B - Transportation No public or commercial transportation is ~vailable in the to"mship . The Jobannesburg-Lewiston Area School District provides school buses to transport students to the elementary sc11ool in Lewiston and Junior & Senior High School students from Albert and Greenwood Townships to the Jobannesburg School. C - Energy Supply Electricity was originally supplied by the lumber mills to the commercial areas of Lewi.ston. Around 1932, Presque Isle Cooperative, under the Rural Electrj_ficatJon Act, be,'5an to supply electric service to the townsliip and is now tbe source of electr:Lcal energy in tlle area . Other sources of' ene:q~y include oil and propane gas for- heating and cooking. No natura l gas utilities are located in the township, as the nearest gd.s transmission lines are loc1;1-ted in easter:n Otse80 County . The lack of natural gas service may be disadvantageous to tl1e to~ship in attempts to attract industries which may require this form of energy. D - Municipal Uti lities Since past development in Albert 'rmmship has essentially been cha.rac terized by slow -growth and low density, the capacity of the soils to G.ccommodate the water and sewage disposal needs of the area has been adequate .· As population erowtb and development has accelerated durin1s the last several years and will continue to increase substantially, the ability of these natur-al features to remain unpolluted will diminish . Even now, there are problems with waste water run-off in and around the more densely populated lakes of · the township and additional development will contribute to this problem . �I I I I I District Health Department No . 4 and the Michigan Department of Public Health have outlined four major pollution concerns pertaining to Albert Township: ' (1) Because of the more dense population and commerci a l activity in the 112wiston area and the shallow aquifier level in this vicinity, sewers should be established to eliminate water pollution; (2) The East Twin Iake area has a high groundwater level and several problems have occurred with individual sewage disposal in this area , contributing to the need for a comprehensive I I I I I I I I I I I I I I sewer syster.,; · (3) 'l'he eastern bay of West 'I'w:i.n Iake also has a hi gh water table; (!~) The proposed industrial park is encouraged to become part of a sc:rni tary sewer and water system, instead of utilizing individual sewer and water facJlities . In essence, unless action .is taken to provide sufficient sewage dispos:11 at this point in the township's development, more o.etri.mental irni,acts may oecur to the qu~:: li ty of local groundwater sources . Water Supply . dividual wells . At present , all domestic water :i.s extracted through in- Tests run by the Montmorency County Public Health Departmen t indicate that the average well depth in Sections 14, 15, 21 & 22 of the town -ship (See Map 11) is approxirr.ately 85 to 90 feet, while the average static water depth (the depth groundwater rises in the casing before it has to be pwnped) is 67 feet. Section 27, j_n which Pine Beach Subdivision and other areas adjacent to East Twin lal<e are located, has an average well depth of 38 feet and fe et average static water level. 1;1 15 These well readings tend to bear out the fact that groundwater near the lakes is substantially higher than in areas · further removed, contributing to the potential of hazardous pollution of domestic water in the vicinity of East '.I\:in and West Twin lakes. 50 It should �I I I I MAP 11 ALBERT 1ro;,rnsHIP AVERAGE WELL DEPTH FOR SEX::TIONS 14, 15, 21, 22 ., I I OF GROUNDWll. ~ & 27 ..,, 51~ I I I I �• • be kept in mind that these are average readings and the variation in water levels within an area can be substantial . The average groundwater percoJ.a t tion rate (500+ g .p.m.) is the highest in the county, as well as the region . (See Map 12,) In effe ct, there is no problem in the availability of good quality dome stic water in the township. The major problem is the potential for seepage from individual septic uni ts mixing with existing ..·a ter supplies. Sewage Disposal. Public heal th demands that adequate sanitation facili - ties, comm~nsurate with the characte r of the township and in light of incr eased densities, be cstablj_shed either on an individual or commun i ty-wic'le basis. At the present time, there is no municipal san i tary sewage system in the area; a study is being undertaken to determine the feasibj _lity of establishi ng such a system. Preliminary analysis indicates the most desirable areal distribution of sewage facilities, based primarily upon engineering principles and the topography, is the area ·where current and future resi den- -,. • t tial, commercial, a nd industrial activity is evident. Map 13 depicts the proposed ' immediate, and future service areas'. The immediate service area is based upon the dense population, high groundwater levels and commercial and industrial activ ity in the vicinity . This area is desi gnated to se rve existing and projected medium to heavy developmen t , includi.ng the northern sections of West Twin Lake, most of Ea-st Twin Lake, and an enlarged central I~wiston area . The future area is the projected range for service to low density residential areas in addition to those already served. Storm Water Drainage. Lewiston has a small 1200 ft. storm sewer system in the central business area which terminates at the edge of the district and becomes an open ditch run-off where sandy soils absorb the effluent. reported trouble areas around Lewiston are: 52 Three Flooding in the .Lions Club Park J �J - - .l .,LI,... TYPICAL RANGES IN UNSUSTAINED YIELDS TO 6 11 OR L?.\~ER DI.l\METER WELLS 100 - 500 GPM More than 500 GPM 53 �MAP 13 I ALBERT TCWNSHIP PROPOSED SEWER SERVICE ARE:l-1. Immediate Servi ce Area Future Service Area I I I I I I I I �area on Knee l and Street; flooding and ponding of run - off water in the Pine Beach subdivision; improper drainage in the vicini11Y north of S9.llings Ave nue. ( See Map 14. ) Normal storm water run - off in Lewiston and other more deve loped sections of the township contains fine sand and silt p-3.rticles, I I I I small amounts of oil from roadways and parl<ing lots, phosphate::; from ferti lizers, and chlorides fr om road salt. If these cher.iic:i ls and particles reac h the l akes i:1 the arcn, t hey t end to increuse the natural aging process of these bo dies of ,,ater . If they are allowed to drain into the soils nt an accelerated rate, they may affect the quality of existing groundwater. It I I I should be to the township's benefit , then , to consider the impact of storm water run-off on the environment and rectify any adverse conditions. Solid Wa!5te Dis poca l. site northeast of Lewiston. Albert '1 0,msb:i.p now bas one solid waste dispossl 1 (See :tv'iap 15.) It covers five acres and in 1973 handled 6500 cubic yards of refuse (2275 tohs)·, the largest amount in t he county for a sing le site. The solid waste this facility handles is generated primarily from residenti a l and recreational use. Collection is from either individual transport or a private, profit-making trash collection service . This facility digested . 553 tons per capita of solid waste. In 1980 it is projected to take in . 663 tons per capita and by 1990, . 771+ tons of material per person should be discarded jnto this facility . * The Montmorency County Solid Waste Plan calls for the consolidation of all solid waste dis,posal sites into a county administered system; utilizing a central facility near the middle of the county .q nd "transfer sites" for burning of brush, stumps, etc., storage of bulky items, and placement of metal containers . *Source : I I I Preliminar~r Comprehensive Solid Waste Pl an f or Montmorency County - June 1974. 55 I I I I I I I I I �• =====-========~ DOROTHY ST. w l') 0:: 0 w l') I j I -·- · •• I I I I I I • •I • -:·.j ~ (j I •• EAST TWIN LAl<E LEWI STON VICINI'I'Y srroRM WATER RUNOFF PROBLEM ARF..t~S MAP 14 / �- - ,--·- - - - - - ,._.,...~---n-----:-1 .... . . •· 4 3 11 AIBERT 'l\'.Y.\TNSH IP SANI'.i:7\.RY 1Al\1DFILL 12 -I I I I I I I 57 I I I �I • • • •I Solid waste would be removed from these "transfer sites" to the central facility by private contractors. The purpose of this system is to meet the health ' and safety standards of Act 87 of 1965 and as amended by Act 89 of 1969 . As of yet , thj_s plan has not been implemented; if and when this system becomes operative, the Albert Township facility will become a "transfer site" . E - Hea l th Fi nd WP.lfare. Proe;r ams and · fncili ties pertinent to the -,,,:ell - bc:i.ng of the to,:nship' s residents reflect the iEte r est and response of the local decision-,makcrs to I I II I I ·1 I I I I I I I human nee ds . Much of th e required social and physical aid is provided thi-:ough l are;er governrnentEtJ. and administrative bodies_; such as, the county, region , and state . However, those health and welf2.re deli very systems no t provided by these bi gger unj_ts can be instituted by the township to add to the comprehensive benefits furn:i.shec1 to the town~,hip's r esidents . Included j_n these benefits· are law enforcement, fire prote~tion, end health programs. Some are administered on a cooperative basis with these larger jurisdictions and others are operated independently within the township. Police. police car. Albert Township currently has two full-ti me officers and one Additional polj_ce protection is macle available through the Montmorency County Sheriff Department. The Sheriff Department dispatches all patrol ca rs and supplies detective services. In addition , emere;ency contact between the township and county agencies is mai ntained for mutual benefit. Fire. The township operates its own volunteer fire department and with assistance from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources maintains one �truck and two tankers . This voluntee r unit , comprised of 15 members , pro - vides protection to the township . The DNR has jurisdiction for fighting f fires on state owned property . Both the police and fire departments make requests for additional equip- •I I I ment and manpower through a five member board, which in turn makes recommendations concerninu; such r equi si Uons to the township board . HesJ.th . (See Map 16.) The township is a part of District Health De1--ia rtrnent No . J-1-. The se health districts provide services to the po1itica1 sub- divis:i.on with:Ln the j_r Jur:i.sdic:tion. These services are fairly co:npre:hensJve and coordinated throu~b the di strict headquarters j n ,UpcnE1. 'l'h c re is a d:i. strict office in 1\tlanta . Ambulance ser·,ice is provided through the township. Private medical treatment is avaiJ.able at the Lewiston Clinic, located north of Lewiston . ( See J,18.p 17.) There is currently one physi"ciEJn j_n the township who admin - isters medical aJd through the clinic. Welfare. 1--lelfare services a re administered by the state via facilities and personnel in Montmorency County. Map 18 .) The county is part of Region 2. (S~e Some of the programs offered through these facilities include sup- ervision of foster homes, financial and marriage counseling , juvenile delinquency counseling, /\id to Dependent Children programs, nnd general assistance programs. There is a volunteer organization, United People, to deal with local problems related to drug abuse and alcoholism . through the state . • 59 I I I This program is financed I I I I I I I I I I I I �• • • • • •• • C h C b ~ - ~. g~a'. - n. I I CHEBOYGAN ;=::·;·~ CJ ~ i,.,,,, c .. , I ' ~ PRESQUE ISLE !K·~;',-_M_O_,N_T_MO~EN-:r Gaylord ;---'- - . ~) I .,,..,, f~/~ I l '• l( , , •~~ '-;\ I I OSCODA ALCONA Gr~yling i'i:! PUBLIC HEA.LTH DISTRICT 4 PA[SQUE ISLE -7-=~- , o,sec.o ~ M0NTMORC~CY ! Gaylord ALPENA I _, ____ j ~ CAAWFOflD ,, --,-~r.t.~L-liX.:.~t:·:'!"£1'~- ~"'l:~!':...."'r.~~,-u!"·a r-~~i~~i\'(i:::i.lt"l:.. ;":') CAJl.WFOHD Cl1 l\,_ ~LP[NA CHEBOYGAN • • • . O SC ODA · ALCONA Grayling f!J MENTAL HE.l\LTH DISTRIC'l' 3 MAP 16 �• •I •I MAP 17 6 1 l CRrSTAL 9 ...., "' ..., ,- - 7 => = I II II II ., -I I I I I I LEWIS~l'ON HE.Z\L'l'H CLINIC 61 l I II I �REGION 2 - DEPZ\.R'IMENT OF SCCIAL SERVICES I I 62 �• • • • • • • F - Community Facilities. The physical structures and equipment the township establishes and maint tains for the provision of services are pertinent to the protection and wel fare of its residents. If these facilities are varied and comprehensive in their utility, there is a greater probability the associated services will be more effective in serving the people of the tovmship. Curr ently, the township's pub lic and semi- public fac :ilities are located in and around Lewiston. • • • •• • 'These range from heal th, ss fety, and welfare facilities to religious nnd sports organizations. Facilities belonging to the township include n fire station , library, and township offices located at the corner of Kneeland and Ihrisen st:reets. 'l'he Lewiston Chamber of Commerce maintains a publ:i.c information office in th.e business di strict. The township has juri sdi·ction over th e- public park and tennis court facilities in the same general location. II II (See Map 19 .) Access to East and West Twin lakes is available through publicly maintained streets converging on these lakes. Street. A Lions Club park is adjacent to the public beach on Knee.land Public recreation is also available with a sportsmen's club, a curl- ing club, and a township ovmed softball field. The elementary school, containing a public auditorium, is located on the ·northern edge of Lewiston, as is a privately owned airport. Religions facil- ities include Catholic, Con gregational, and Lutheran churches . The Lewiston Clinic provides health treatment to the residents of the area, retaining one physician for medical services. As population growth continues and more services are required, existing facilities will have to be expanded and new ones constructed . These should �, ~ I I . I. I w (!) er I 0 w I.!) EAST I I I TWIN LAKE MAP 19 PUBLIC & SE:·H-PUBLIC COM.MlJN ITY FACILITIES - A - Albert To·,mship Hall (Fire Dept., Library) n - El f:;-;-.entary School C - CLc::::1.;)er o;: Co r.une rce D - ·Lewi~ton Park E _:,• Lion·s Cltb Park F - Public Beach G - Albert 'I'm.-r.s_r1ip Recreation F ie ld H - Spor~srnens Club 64 LEiHS'I-ON AR.EA I I I - Curling Club J - US Post Office K - Cat.holi·c_ Church L - Masonic Temple M - LutJ,ercn Church N Congregational Church 0 - Air Field P - Lewiston Clinic -• I �• • •• • • ••• •, I • be distributed in such a manner as· to serve the greatest number of people with optimum efficiency. G - Education . ,. Albett Township is included in the Johannesburg-Lewiston Area School District. This district includes all of Albert and part of Vienna Township in Montmorency County, part of Greenwood Township in Oscoda County, and all of Charlton and parts of Chester and Dover Townships in Otsego County. 20.) (See Map Students in the elementary grades (K-6) attend classes in Lewiston, while those in the Junior High and High School grade levels are bussed to Johannesburg to attend school. Student enrollment in the elementary school has been decreas- ing for the past 5 years, although the 1975 projected enrollment is higher than in 1974. Lewiston. pupils. In 1970, 191 children were enrolled in the elementary school in In 1972, this number decreased to 187, and 1974 saw 151 grade school The 1975 projected enrollment, howe~er, is 156. Secondary (Junior High and High School) enrollment is projected to be approximately 144 in 1975. I I I I I I I I These students will be bussed from Albert Township to Johannesburg to attend classes. Johannesburg-Lewiston Area Schools are part of the Cheboygan-Otsego- Presque Isle Intermediate School District. The birth rate for the county as a whole is declining, anq subsequently fewer students will be enrolled in school, but this phenomenon will probably be offset in Albert Township by the projected increase in inmigration of child-bearing age groups . The nearest junior colleges in the region (providing a two year college education) are Alpena Community College and Kirtland Community College. Maps 21 & 22.) (See These community colleges can be utilized as a means of train- ing local residents for skills pertinent to employment in the township. �I I I :I I MAP 20 OTSEGO CO. MONTMOnENCY CO. ELMIRA ;I MONTMORCNCY CORWITH c,v.JJf~~1i] ·1 HILLMAN >- UJ ..J a: CD !l2~~~~·~---••f HAYES OTSEGC LAKE •c,, . I AVERY RUST :~":'r-~-~ ,,,...--. Cl..lNTON 'LMSR z UJ w COMING a: <., BIG CREEK :1 M ENY <.• :t OSCODA CO. JOHANNESBURG - LEWISTON AR.El\ SCHOOL DISTRICT II • • • •I I 66 - �I I I 1· MAP 21 ALPENA I .I I· I I 1· I Al pen~ I ·1 CRAWFORD ALCONA Gr>yling 11 CllEBOYGAN-OTSEX:;O-PRESQUE ISLE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL DISTRICT MAP 22 7 I I I I I I I Presque °Jsle _ _-::-=-----~ Cheboygan .;':,_, I EB I· Montm o,c_n_c_y_~.._-·_Al_pen a Otsego I t • I I Oscoda Crawford © Kirtl•na Alcona ! Community College! i I . i II I I CCI-1MUNI'IY COLLEGES IN REGION 9 �J\ E N V R O N M E N T �•I •I I I I I I . ENVIRONMENT The ma,jor asset of Albert Township and the tprimary contributor to its ~conomy is its natural environment. The c·ombina tion of forest type ve ee ta - tion, variety of lakes, and low-density population define those character is tics which give the area :its recrea tiom.l a_tmosphere . Si nce it is the desire of the residents of the township to r etain as much of the existing character of the are3. as possible in light of projected growth, it is pel'ti. nent in ' formulat ing a fu ture plan to an3.lyze the natural elements of ~1e a r ea . TI1ese elements should be s tud:i ed in reJ.atj_on t o their effect upon hur.n n act,-i vity and conven;ely an analysis should be made of tbe physi.c2.l and biolof;i.cnl con s equences c,f hunm.n act.i .vjty upon the area ' s naturnl processes . A - Climate . CJ.im3.tic cond iti ons tn the vicinity determine to a large extent the viability of the township i n offering seasonal recreation and establish its I I I I I I I subsequent econom ic identity . Map 23 i ndicates the norm3.l annual precipit3 - tion for the region over the past thirty years. The annual rainfall for the township averages 28", about 60%, occurring duri ng the May to October summer season. The average annual snowfall for thi's thirty year period was 70 i.nches to 90 inches, quite a subst9.ntial addition to the precipitation from rainfall. This heavy accumulation of snow is pertinent to the township's winter recreation popularity, particularly in reference to snow-skiing and sl)ow-mobiling. Map 24 shows the average date of the first below freezing temperatures for the fall. The t ownship is located in the earliest frost section of the region, a factor which may play an important part in any decision by a seasonal resident to leave the area during the winte~. I 68 In addition, there are �/ ., .. ,.., _____ ... ..... . ~ -- .I r--. i ,o I I ' NORMAL M iNUAL PRECIPI'JJ\TJ ; _RATE FOR THE PERIOD ' 1940 - 1969 ,, -··•..o· i ! -i i •' 1 i I iI j f MAP 23 i i i i. N , • c _s I S I j ____ _~ ---- ·r ·- --·-·- ·-·-·-•-.. ~·-·-·,! I . r·-·..J i O l ' S 0 lw:J-....,-., C , ····· Alp(NA ,,.1 I I \ \. · -- - ·- · - - >,~ ~ <'\. ··.--:· ~ \--- - ' '\...\ .. \.. --.s-L-~:J.-LA..- 1 i -ij C S A " '' I I fO R I, O l (. 0 H I. .. • n ;i I n · 11"" n :..- - - -- - - ·- - - -- ·-· MAP 24 r ·-·1· ' - ' OF 32°F OR LCWER IN THE FA] / I • --c.-.r - -· _J· ,.· I ' ·-·- ·7·-· . .I O l ' ~·-"". ~ i i I L .- --·~ I i - ij iI .. • .....,. I \._ ·.....,___ 1 SEPT 3u- 1 • OCT AUG 31- S(PT 10 0 • 0 0 S C .. • I - ow111i" -~=~·--- • i i 0 i c••wroRD i L 0 ' \ i i r ·- ·.J - ·- -- · - •- ·-r- •- ·- · - · - · - · '- l C 0 N A St~T 10 ·j20 i i ' I '---------' ' ...~ ,-: i I I I AVERAGE DATE OF FIRST TEMPE~ "· ~-~ -- I I I SEPT 20 - 30 -- - - - --- -- -- --·- -- - - 10 \_ I I I I I I �• • • •I I II I only 70 to 90 frost - free days in this vicini ty, affecting the propensity of seasonal residents to migrate from the area , a s well as , the capability of the township to sustain agricultural production . B - Geologl:._. The formation of the existing topography of the township can be attri buted to historic glacial deposits . The l ast glacier in the region , about 10,000 years ago, left the area with poor drainage characteristics resulting in a proliferation of swamps and larGer lakes . These areas are good sites for game refuge, contributing to hunting and fishing in the township. Glacial acU.vi ty also afforded a good supply of high quality groundwater at varying levels below the surface. In hilly areas, this water rne.y lie as deep as 300 feet; but in other locations, particularly near large bodies of water, the level may be relatively clcse to the surface and consequently more sub,1 ect to waste inundation from residential development. There are two gravel pits in the township - one located in an area of I I I I I I I • I outwash and glacial channels and another in moraines. (See Map 25.) Moraines are an accumulation of earth, stones and other geological materials resultin~ from glacial deposits. These pits are currently being used for extraction of materials for construction purposes . In a study prepared for the Center of Economic Expansion , Central Michi gan University-*, it is noted that Montmorency County has a potential for be coming a source of construction aggregates . Grayling sand ( See M~p 28. ) can be found in an extensive portion of Albert Township . can be used for various construction purposes . This sand is dry and Grayling sand ( gravelly phase) is also located in this area and contains a substantial amount of *A Comprehensive General Inventory of Aggregates Occurring in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan . Center for Economic Expansion , Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant 1970 . 70 �MAP 2 5 I Outwash and Glacial Channels Moraines Ponded Waters Ground Mora ine s I 71 I �• Ill .. • • ,. rounded gravel. It is not presently kno,m ,,hat the capacity of this soil type is for extractive purposes in the township. There is also an interest in oil exploratiofl in the region. tial for oil and gas deposits extends from· Otsego County through Montmorency, Presque Isle, and Alpena Counties. As can be seen in Map 26, the northwest corner of Albert Township is included in this areal deposit . Although the possibility of si gnifica nt oil production in the township is minute at this time, the J.)otential occurance of such activity should be kept in mind . C - Topography. Albert To,mship lies in an area where the terraj_n is more varied than most other sections of the regjon. Yet the topogrnphy is such that the slope limitations for developr. ent <1re not substantial. classj_ficat ion of slopes in tbe vicinity. Map 27 di splays a general The western half of the tmmsh:i.p, which is pr imarily in private ovmership, is predominantJ.y flat. • •I I I I I I The poten - 'rhe eastern section, on the other hand , is characterized by a more varied topoc;raphy . Although these slopes are generally slight , there are areas where the incline reaches 25% and can preclude construction or other dense activity, particularly if the soils in the area are conducive to erosion and instability . D - Soils. The ability of the to,mship to accommodate a variety of activities is heavily dependent upon the soils found in the vicinity. Because each soil type has its own water retention capacity, variety of plant nutrients, and suitabil ity for specific vegetation, the proper analysis and utilization of soils is critical to the success of a particular activity. Agricultural production, forest growth, and cultured vegetation rely upon soils for their existence and cause minimal modification of the natural 72 �MAP 26 I I C)f.·· ·· - - - - - - ·- ·· - - ~ --0.- - - - ;- • ~:-=~~~-=---_-_-__-_-_-_·:.-_-:: .·... -----:_;;,/ / .. ·--_-.---~ _,,,-~~ . .f~~----_-_-: _ =---===· W/, ·- - - - - - - - - - ZJ(,(L'. ~~~~=~i}1/ I 7 ::===::.:7 i :~- --:~·; A \V F O R D co. i - Ii I C ~~ . -~--------~-<, O SC OD A ALCONA co. co [ __ ___!__ _ _.:...,___ _ APPROXIMATE BOUNDARY OF NIJ\.GARAN REEF OIL & GAS FIELDS ~J I I I -I I I I ' ;~ 73 ' -I �I MAP 27 I ALBERT ··ravNSHIP GENERAL SLO;E'E MAP % S lope 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 74 . �character of the soil. Residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and other intense land uses which employ synthetic and natural materials for construction promote impacts which are often detrlmental to the natural state of soils in the area. Since erosion, siltation, and groundwater pollution are often the results of a combination of soil characteristics, contour of I the land, and degree of ·human activity, the suitability of a particular piece of property for a specific activity should be determined by analyzing I the effects -of the interaction of all three facto:cs. M-~p 28 is a representation of general soil types in Albert Township. These are generic classifications and are not applicable for detailed planning purposes, but do give a comprehensive overview of soil characteristics for comparative purposes and analysj_s of possible sites for large scale development. Table XI indicates the suitability of these soil types for general farming and forestry. This information ~efers -to farming activity that . varies in land use, degree of mechan:i.zation and production intensity, as well as, sustained production of marketable timber related to forestry. TABIB XI SUITABILITY OF SOIL TYPES FOR GENERAL FARMING & FORESTRY Suitability for Forestry General Farming Map Symbol 1 Poor Fair - poor 2 Fair Fair 3 Poor 4 Fair 5 Fair - poor 75 - fair Fair · good Fair- Good I I I II II II II .. II II fair g;ood I • • �MAP 28 ALBERT T(;J;,lNSHIP - GENERAL SOIL MAP Major Series and Approximate% of Each 2 • • Dominant Slope Rubicon - 50% Grayling 30% Croswell 10% AuGres - 5% 0-6% 0-6% 0-3% 0-3% Kalkaska - 40% East Lake 30% Mancelona 20% 0-6% 0-6% 0-6% Rubicon - 40% Graycalm 25% Montcalm 20% 2-18% 6-25% 2-12% Emmet - 45% 35% Leeland Onaway - 10% 2-12% 6-18% 2-12% Leelanau - 35% Emmet - 25% Kalkaska - 20% 6-25% 2-12% 6-25% - - .. �I I Since agriculture is not foreseen as extensive activities in the near future, the _s ignificance of its suitability is somewhat limited. Recreation I and residential land use, however, are projected ~o be predominant factors in the township's physical and economic development and the adaptability of I soil types to these activit ies need to be considered. Table XII refers to the limitations of the area's soils for recreation. These limitations, as mentioned before, depend upon the specific soil series I and topographic features. The impacts that human settlements have on soils are most profound in residential development. I While individual borne and subdivision location may not be as dense as commercial or industrial activity, the dispersion of these units has a more widespread effect. The need for paved streets, driveways, sidewalks, etc. as well as the siting of homes contribute to the increased water runoff and erosion poten- r tial of residential development. Consequently, the full direct and indirect environmental effects 9f home construction should be studied before this type of development is approved. tations. One of the most important factors to be considered is soil limiTable XIII is a brief analysis of soil restraints relative to residential development. ' .~ ." '. I I I I I I I I I I - I I �'I'.I\BLE XII DEGREE OF LIMI'mTION FOR RB:RFATIONAL USE* Map Symbol Dominant Soil Types Cottages & Buildings l· Rubican, Grayling Slight 2 Kalkaska, East Lake, Mancelona Slight Picnic Areas Paths & Trails Play Areas Golf Fairways Septic Filter Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Slight Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Slight Camp Sites •) Rubican, Graycalrn, Montcolrn SlightSevere Moderate- Moderate- ModerateSevere Severe Severe ModerateSevere Moderate Severe Moderate 4 Erranet, Leelanau SlightModerate SlightModerate SlightSevere SlightModerate Moderate Severe 5 Leelanau, Enunet, Kalkaska ModerateSevere Moderate- .t-~oderate- Moderate Severe Severe Severe Moderate Moderate 3 * Source: SlightModerate Slight ~ co r-- An Appraisal of Potentials for Outdoor Recreational Development for Montmorency County, Michigan February 1969 ,. .. .. - - - -- - --- - - - - -- - �TABLE XIII DEGREE OF SOIL LIMITATION FOR RESIDENTJ.AL DEVELOPMENT Map Symbol Limitation Major Management Problems . 1 Slight Possible groundwater pollution; - Difficult to maintain sod without irrigation 2 Slight - Seasonal high water table - Possible gr oundwater pollution; - Difficult to maintain sod without irrigation 3 ModerateSevere - Sloping Areas; - Erosion and Sediment damage; - Sidehill seepage from onsite sewage facilities 4 SliG;htModerate - Erosion and Sediment damage; - Sidehill seepage from onsite sewage facilities 5 ModerateSevere - Sloping Areas; - Erosion and sedimentation; - Sidehill seepage from onsite sewage facilities Tl1ese limitations pertain to intensive development common to subdivisions with onsite sewage facilities. Map 29 combines general slope characteristics with general soil characteristics. Those soils which have slight limitations for residential devel- opment are comparatively flat. Moderate to severe soil limitation areas are associated with relatively hilly terrain. It should be emphasized that degree of slope is a n important element in the classification of soil characteristics. 79 �II MAP 29 •I • • •• II I I I I I I I I ALBERT 'I'CMNSHIP - Residential Development Cond itions Area 1 & SLOPE & SOIL CONDITIONS 2 Slight Soil LimitationsJ Predominant 0% Slope 3 Moderate - Severe - Soil -Limitations; O - 2% Slope 4 Slight - Moderat~ Soil Limitations; 0 - 1% Slope 5 Moderate - Severe Soil Limitations; 2 - 5% Slope 8o �Map 30 indicates those sections of the township adaptable for development according to degree of limitation. Those areas designated as primary, secondary, and tertiary stipulate the preference f~~ residential land use based upon soil and slope characteristics. Primary areas should be developed first because they l1ave slight limitations which can easily be overcome. Secondary areas are less preferable because greater care must be taken to alleviate adverse consequences due to development. "Tertiary areas are the least desirable for residential activity insofar as limitations are severe enough to make development questionable. Again, these are very broad classifications and not applicable for detailed analysis. E ~ Vegetation. In addition to contributing to the scenic qualities of the township, the existing vegetation helps substantially in maintaining a viable environment. Without an adequate amount of forest, brush, and grass cover, soil erosion and wind blowing would become prevalent. Wildlife would decrease due to an absence · of cover and forage, and potential highway and industrial noise would travel further and with greater intensity. Albert Township has a variety of forest species and since much of the area is owned by the State of Michigan, it is assured a retention of these trees. The predominant specie is Oak (Red, White, and Black). of the pole and saw timber size. Most of these are Aspen and White Birch are also abundant, particularly at the reproduction stage of growth. Red Pine, Jack Pine, and N~rthern Hardwood are distributed throughout the•township. As mentioned in the Forest Activity Section of this document, Oak, Aspen, Birch, Maple, and Red, White, and Jack Pine are logged to a limited 81 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �II MAP 30 I I I I I I , 1. I ALBERT TCWNSHIP AREAS OF POTENTIAL RESIDEN'fIAL DEVELOPMENT Primary Development Area Secondary Dzvelop~ent Area Tertiary Development Area State Forest I I I I I 82, �extent for milling and wood pallet production. A major portion of this timber is sent out of the township for mjlling operations. I Upland brush, containing Cherry, Hazel, Service Berry, and Willow vegetation is interspersed throughout the vicinity. grass, weeds, Bracken, Fern, and Sweet Fern. Additional growth includes • • There is also a limited amount of lowland brush, consisting of Alder , Dogwood, Willow, and Huckleberry. In order to protect wildlife, soils, and aesthetic values in the area, the Huron Pines Resource Conservation and Development Project recommends the promotion of orderly and wise development of forest resources through educational and technical programs. It would benefit the township to insure tba t its citizens, particularly ow-ners of large parcels of land, are aware of constructive forestry practices in order to maintain and improve the envirQij,mental qualities of the vicinity. F - Wildlife. Wildlife is a major factor in the identity of the township as both a rural and a recreational area. As human population in Albert Township in- cre3ses, the habitation areas of wildlife will become more confined. To accommodate an optimum balance between human and animal populations (a balance whereby infringement of one upon the other is held to a minimum), and yet maintain the recreational atmosphere of the township, the variety of animal life should be studied and their living pa·tterns understood. Forestry practices, as mentioned oefore, affect the quality of the environment and its capacity to accommodate a.. variety of wildlife. • Controlled timber cutting enables young trees and low-lying vegetation to flourish, supporting more animal life. Tree harvesting, particularly Aspen adjacent to Cedar swamps, improves the quantity of feed for deer while they are yarding, improving their ability to survive tbe winter. Forests also affect water-born ·- II • - �I I wildlife. Proper tree harvesting increases the watershed supply, insofar as openings in the forest allow more snow to reach groundwater levels, increasing stream flow and improving fish habitat. f Albert Township has a heterogenous mixture of wildlife, which can be classified into three generic categories: fowl. small game, big game, and water- Small game consists of birds and mammals, including grouse, woodcock (See Page 44), wild turkey (See Map 31), cottontail rabbits, snowshoe bares, squirrels, raccoons, foxes, and other similar species. lar big g'dme animal. Deer is the most popu- Waterfowl includes ducks, geese, and sl1orebirds. XIV is an inventory of lfcl.me species in Montmorency County. Table Trout, Bass, Pike, and panfish are the main fish species in the townsl1ip. Since Albert Township is assured of continual vegetation, because of state forest land and its capacity for private development is confined, the ability of the area to sustain its existing variety of wildlife is not as limited as other l ocalities might be. I I I I I I I ~ I But proper control and management on the pa.rt of state and tmmship citizens is essentia l to define and insure an optimum distribution of wildlife. All facets of the township's distinct environment - soils, climate, geology, vegetation, and wildlife - are separate entities in their own right, but are highly interrelated in the establishment of environmental processes. The proper utilization of this environment for living and recreation requires a realization of the importance of the to"mship's natural characteristics and the impacts of human activity upon the environment. 84 �MAP 31 . . NORTHEAST MICHIGAN REGION - UNIQUE WILDLIFE AREAS \ Wild Turkey Range Major Bobcat Range Elk Range i l iI i I • -I ·:· I ·- I I �I TABLE XIV INVENTORY OF GAME SPECIES - MONTMORENCY COUNTY f I I I I I I , Species Relative Abundance Deer Moderate to High Entire Couhty Elk Low NW Part County Bear Low Entire County Bobcat Low Entire County Raccoon Moderate Entire County Squirrels Moderate Entire County Ruffed Grouse Woodcock Waterfowl Snowshoe Hare Moderate to High Moderate Entire County Entire County Entire County Low Moderate I •I I I • Game Ranq;e 86 Entire County ��• • •I I I I • •· .1 •I I I I • QOAI.S, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES Up to this point, the text has analyzed the va.rious elements which combine to formulate the particular identity of Albert Township. system has logically differentiated the elements of the area to permit a fairly comprehensive insight into the township's characteristics. The following section is • the synthesis of these elements into goals, objectives, and policies to guide the township in its physical, social, and economic development. These statements have been approved by the township's residents as the most applicable reflections of their desires and attitudes concerning the future of their area. Goals _are very broad descriptions of the overall desirable characteristics tlie people of Albert Township wish to attain within the general planning period. These are the bases 1or the_ more d~finitive objectives and policies statements. Objectives delineate these goals in accord with the elements included in the PASE analysis process. These objectives are underlined in the following section. Policies are more specific statements commensurate with the given objectives. These attempt to define more clearly the proposed actions the township desires to undertake, but are not so definite as to preclude variations which may be required in specific instances. While all policies may not be· achieved within tl:Je planning period, the decision-makers and citizens of Albert Township should promote the realization of as many of these statements as possible. This can be adequately done only if knowledge, creativity, and most importantly, community interest and involvement become an integral part of Albert To"\o/l1ship. ~ I The PASE 87 �GOALS 1. Protect the physical environment of the to,mship. 2. Maintain a residential and recreational atmosphere. 3. Maintain the existing balance between residential, recreational, co~mercial, and light indus~ry. 4. Maintain 'an efficient proportion between age groups and promote an orderly population growth. 5. Stabilize the local economy with a diversity of light industry. 6. Create quality educa tional and technical training facilities in order to upgrade working skills, 7, Attain efficiency, strength, and autonomy in local government, while retaining constructive liaison with other governmental bodies. 8. Create an effective health and social welfare delivery system. 88 �-I PORJLATION OB.JECTIVES I. -II environment of Albert Township define its attractiveness, it is desirable to maintain tl1e existing population balance. 1. I I I I I I I ~ I Control industrial growth to the existing proportion of the township's economic activity. II II II , Because the present atmosphere and characterfof the population and 2. Keep commercial activity in its current proportion to the township's economic base. 3, Maintain the physical environment and provide for residential land use that will continue to attract seasonal residents. II. Since the township's capacity to retain its unique environmental, social, and cultural characteristics is limited, an excessive population gro,rth will tend to bave an impact upon these elements. Conseq_uently 1 it is desirable to limit any detrimental change in the overall atmosphere of the to,mship by striving to incorporate policies and programs which will promote orderly population gro,rth to maintain 1 as far as possible 1 the existing character of Albert To,mship. 1. Continue the promotion of light industry. 2. Encourage small commercial activities. 3. Procure a desirable mixture of residential density. 4. Limit specific areas of the township to low-density residential use. 5. Secure an equitable distribution of open-space. 6. Consider the sodal, environmental, and political implications of all proposed land uses in local decision-making processes. 7. Rationally plan for development according to the capacity of the environment and the availability of services. �I III. Realizing that there is a lack of variety and expertise in cu r r ent available employment, the township will strive to attract those ele f ments of the population whose abilities will fill the existinrs gap in total provision of desirable community skills and services. 1. Attract industries which utilize skilled and professional labor . 2. Encourage construction of modern, convenient office spac e de signed to facilitate professional use, such as : medica l , dental, and legal offices, etc . 3. IV . Institute educational programs to serve local manpower needs. In order to alleviate any adverse changes in the existing character of the to,mship resulting from a disproportionate growth of working-age personnel, th~ continued inmin;ration of retired and seasonal population groups should be cncotlra,s ed . 1. Institute programs and, construct fa<!ili ties to serve as socio recreational attractions for senior c itizens . 2. Allocate priority to the r et ention and enhancement of those natural and man -made cbaracteristics (lakes, forests, campgrounds ) of tbe to,msbip, wb.i.ch will attract seasona l residents and tou rism . 3. Institute cultural attractions . • • • •I I I I I I I I I I I I I 90 I �I I I LOCAL GOVERNMENT OBJECTIVES I. I I I I I I Administration and regulation of township affl).irs oriented toward continued improvement of all facets of the human settlement requires efficient} comprehensive} and creative sensitivity to the natural and human environment. ·Albert Township should attempt to provide local government services which will most adequately fulfill the needs of its citizens wM.le simultaneously minimizing} as far as possible, the costs of these services. 1. Provide service levels which will attract the same type of population mix as currently resides in the township. 2. Regulate quantity} quality} and density of residential growth. 3. Regulate commercial desirability through zoning and aesthetic control. 4. I I I I I I I Regulate industrial growth tbrough · zoning and environmental control. 5. Promote highway and parking facilities} pedestrian and nonmotorized circulation systems, and airport facilities according to the needs of the populatfon and economic a ctivity of the township. Study the possibility of eventually institut- ing a public transportation system. 6. Promote and maintain adequate sewer and water systems in accordance with immediate and potential needs of the township. 7. Create local health and welfare services and facilities which will fulfill those needs not satisfied by county} regional, and state programs. I~ I 91 �8. Promote educational facili t ie s and services proportionate t o t he capacity and willingness of the t ownshif ' s re sident s t o fi nance them. 9. Determine the need for quality and type of community facilities to optima lly serve the township's immediate and futur e requi r e ments and establish provisions for meeting these requirements . Utilize a vailable federal, state, and local funds to implement the construction of facilities and provision of equipment . 10 . Incorporate methods of analysis to determine the social and environmenta l consequences of new population and deve lopment activity. Implement policies to promote environmental prote c- tion and maintenance of the township ' s overall identity . II. For any composition of pe,ople to be able to relate to, and take pride in their living environment, they must be allowed access to the local de cision ma king process . In addition, by promoting the interest of the local population in tovms hip issues, the ability of local decision makers to more properly reflect the desires and needs of their constituents is substa ntia lly increa sed . Tovmship decision-mal,; ers should attempt to promulga te policies a nd programs which will increase c itizen interest and i nvolvement in loca l public affairs . 92 I I I I I I I I I r- 1 I II I I I I I "I �• • • ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES I. capacity of attracting and retaining permanent (or seasonal ) residents, •I nor the ability to provide desirable governmental services; therefore, the township should promote an increase in the quantity 1 quality, and variety of its economic base. 1. I 2. tax base. II. In order to facilitate the attractiveness of Albert Township to skilled and professional people, as ·well as, increase its variety of economic activity, it is desirable to encoura~e nolicies a nd facilities to attract industrial, commercial, service, and recreational activities. 1. Implement zoning regulations which will allocate commercial uses to easily accessible locations and adjust the size of the activity to the proposed service area. I I Encoura ge quality residential land-use in designated areas of the township which will substantially contribute to the local I I I I I I Promote quality and variety of commercial activity that will attract retail spending. I I ~ Unless Albert Township is economically viable, it will not have the 2 . , Insure variety in the provision of professional services throl+gh promotion and advertisement of tbe tmmship' s amenities to attract these desired personnel. 3. Contribute to the variety of economic activity by promoting recreational facilities. III. In attempting to attain economic diversity, while at the same time ma.intaining the township's overall character, Albert Township should encoura~e 93 �the development of all economic activities in the same general relative proportions as they currently exist. 1. Emphasize the growth of wholesale and ktail trade outlets. 2. Provide and limit real property for industrial use that will enable the township to maintain its current proportion of manufacturin,3 · activity . 3. Restrain or discourage those economic activities which have tbe potential of substantially changing the t01-mship' s character and identity. IV. Economic growth and diversity is predicated upon competition among productive elements of the township. It is, therefore, beneficial to the residents of Albert Township that rational competition between commercial activities be enc ouraged . 1. I I I I I I I I I Allocate commercial activities to areas easily accessible to all residents. 2. Stimulate the establishment of similar commercial activities commensurate ',lith the needs and size of the township's population. v. The overall education level of _the citizens of the township will, to a large degree, determine the in~enuity and skill applied in attempting to improve the economic status of the township, as well as, contribute to its capac.i ty to attract new economic activities. An important objec- tive, then, is to attain an educated population which will satisfy the requirements of new and diversified economic endeavors. 1. Institute local training programs _which will equip the township's residents with skills required by potential industries. 2. Encourage those economic activities wbich prefer to train local personnel according to the specific needs of the activity. 94 I I I I I I I I I �I I VI, To attract wage-paying economic activities employing people residing outside the township or to maintain a lack of quality, quantity, and variety in goods and services limits the capadi.ty of the township to I I I I I I experience economic development. An important objective, therefore, is to encourage an economic environment which will enable the township to retain the money earned wj_thin its boundaries and encoura.ze the influx of income from outside its borders. 1. Provide a comprehensive range of services, skills, and mercl1andise at competitive prices. 2. Institute promotional programs to enhance the public's attitude toward tbe benefits of economic activity in the tmmship. 3. Encourage the location of industries which will influence the establishment of subsidiary w11olesale and service businesses. I I I 95 �RESIDENTIAL LAND USE OBJECTIVES I. Quality in residential land use is a reflection of the pride of individual ownership and the perception tbe residents have of the area in which they live. In order to maintain the existing quality of dwelling units in the area, the to-vmship should strive for orderly growth and development of residential land use. · 1. Through regulatory controls, attempt to insure sequential development outward from existing populated areas . 2. Effici_e ntly provide new residential development with facilities and utilities commensurate with unit density. 3, Restrict new large scale development surrounding water resources (lakes) in the township. II. In any populated locality, there is a diversity of social and economic characteristics among families and individuals, and the more populated the area becomes, the greater the variety of its residents. Consequently, Albert Township should endeavor to provide each member o:f the community .' with residential opportunitj.es wbich correspond to his social and economic characteristics. 1.. Provide a mixture of densities through zoning regulatio1~,; . 2. Insure there is an adequate supply of low income housing equitably dispersed throughout the tmmship. 3. Encourage the continued high rate of owner occupancy, wl1ile increasing the amount of rental units available to seasonal and permanent residents. III. Residential activities both determine and result from a general pattern ., I I -I I I I I I I -1 I I I I I I I I I �I I of human behavior and often conflict witb other types of land uses which facilitate different types of activity. In order to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the township's citizen51 and the attractiveness of the community, residential activlty should be planned to eliminate con- I I I I I flict with other land uses. 1. Attempt to provide natural or man-made barriers between residential and commercial activity. 2. Provide adequate open-space and recreation facilities at the nei~hborhood level, 3. Zone residential land uses to be easily accessible to commercial and industrial areas, yet adeq_uately separated to eliminate detrimental environmental conseq_uences. I 4. Design residential activity so as to limit the seneration and attraction of heavy automobile and truck traffic. I IV. I I I.and is a finite resource and the ability of tlle natural environment to optimally accommodate human impact is also limited. Since residential land use is not as restricted in its locational choice as commercial or industrial uses, its environmental impacts are more widespread. To pro- tect and maintain its existing level of enviroruuental q_uality, the township should encourage dwellin[, units in those areas where environmental impacts are least detrimental and discourage residential construction in locations where impacts are more profound. 1. Analyze the capacity of land, vegetation, and water to accommodate housing units and projected population for each development. 2. Promote policies to mitigate possible negative environmental effects from residential construction. 3. Adopt methods of analyzing and reviewing public and private facilities which will be required as a result of each new development. 97 �COMMERCIAL IAND-USE OBJECTIVES I. Accessibility to commercial development is a vrimary prerequisite for growth and development. At the same time, uncontrolled commercial growth creates traffic congestion and visual pollution . Albert Township should encourage development of commercial facilities which are easily accessible while alleviating congestion and "commercial blight" . 1. II").sure that adequate access and parking facilities are avail able for commercial activity to alleviate traffic congestion and excessive noise pollution . 2. Provide for the creation of "open space" or vegetation barriers between co~~ercial land uses and residential or recreational land uses. II. Tbe identity a community· portrays is heavily determined by the phys ical composition and aesthetic value of its commercial areas, particularly the central business district. .. To enhance the reputation of the to,m- ship and encourage c_ommunity pride and involvement, the characte r of the township 1 s centra l business area should be maintained as an area the residents can adequately utilize and identify with . 1. Project and enhance the character and identity of Lewiston as an attractive, competitive shopping district through innovative desi gn and architectural controx. 2. Institute a circulation system in the central Lewiston area to eliminate conflict between pedestrian and automobile movement. 3. Discourage the spread of strip commercial activities in all sections of the township. 98 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -, I I I I �-I 4. Attempt to attain a mix of commercial and service activities in the Lewiston business district . 5. I Promote the utilization of the central ~rea for night time activity throutsb the establishment of a theatre, outdoor commu·nity entertainment area, and adequate street lighting. ·1 I III. An overabundance of commercial facilities in a reas of the township which compete with the viability of the central business a rea tend to attract subsequent residential development and established commercia l activities I I I from the CBD, encouraging high vacancy rates in tbe central business area. This effect can be deterred if the t01mship provides for orderly commercial growth which be st serves tbe needs of the township. L Discourage ti1e development of large shopping facilities which will potentially create blight and inactivity in the central I I I I I I I I business area. 2. Discoura ge the location of commercial districts, particularly those which attract heavy automobile traffic, adjacent to conflicting land uses, such as recreation areas. 3. Determine the capacity of the township's commercial activity based upon the total population and their projected needs; then define the limit of commercial activity tbe township can endure to prevent outmigration due to a change in the township's charact er. 99 �lNDUSTRL'iL LAND-USE OBJECTIVES I. In order to ma intain an efficient economic balance in the township, in accorda nce with the maintenance of the existing population balance, Albert Towns hip should attra ct those industries which bave tbe lea st impact up on changing t he cha r a cter of tbe a rea. 1. Define i ndustria l a rea s for development in line with the desired proporti on of the activity in the township. 2. Limit t he size of individual parcels of industria l land to promote sma ller industries. 3. Encourage a variety of industrial activity to crea te a more balanced economic base. II. W'nile rea lizing that change is inevitable and tl1e township's cultural and physical environment will reflect the type of people attracted to tl1e area, the ability to upgrade the skills and profe_ssional q_uality of the township is reflected in the township's desire to attract those industries which utilize professional and sk illed employees. III. Detrimental effects on the environment, due to industrj_a l activity, tend to detract from the capability of an area to maintain a comfortable and pleas ing standard of living. Conseq_uently, Albert Township should attra ct t ho se i ndustrial activities which ha ve a limited environmental impact. 1. Regulate e"i:ivironmental impacts through the institution of local air, water, noise, and land impact standards. 2. Project the effects of industrial location as a catalyst for rei;ddential, commercial, and recreational development and limit detrimental land use mixes through zoning controls, 100 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �'• ~ ' I I -~ •I 3. Discourage excessive extraction of the to"mship's natural resources for industrial purposes. DI. Because local industrial firms employ people within the community} there is a strong potential for utilizing the economic and social resources of various industries in promoting the welfare of the community. Albert Township sbould attract those industries wl1ich display a community spirit in providing the p}1ysical and economic resources for the creation and ma:Lntena.nce of local community projects. 1. Through promotj_on, emphasize the community spfrit of the tmmship as a beneficj_al resource for industrial location. 2. Encourage the establishment of those industrial and business firms which display a definite interest in supporting community projects and desire to maintain the current township character. 1-1 I I 1 • I I II I 101 �Ill I RECREATION LAND-USE OBJECTIVES I. Most living environments can be recogni:z;ed and classified accord in~ to their predominant economic activity. Albert To"msl1ip, because of its environmental attributes and low population density, currently enjoys a favorable reputation as a recreational area. To maintain its current proportis:m of activities and population ase groups, the tOimship should encoura1se the growth of open-sp.'lce re_~!eation. 1. • • •II Provide outdoor camping facilities in designated sections of the township. 2. Encourage small parcels in new residential development as neighborhood parks . 3. Establish a larger community park to facilitate the needs of large orr,anizations, groups, and seasonal tourists. 4. Establish horse, bike, motorized recreational vehicle, ski, and walking trails in the township. II. The needs of the local residents for recreational activity are often different from those of the more seasonal, transient population. To meet these needs, recreational facilities and pro~rams should be provided for all elements of the population. 1. Establish community-wide craft and recreation programs, designed for all age groups, for seasonal and premanent residents. 2. Construct a centrally located facility equipped to offer a wide variety of educational, recreational, and social activities. 102 • • �• • III. The location of open space recreation facilities is a major factor in f the success of recreational endeavors. If these activities are adjacent to conflicting land uses, such as industrial or high density commercial and residential, the attractiveness of the facility is diminished. Open-space recreational facilities sbould be re~ulated and developed to eliminate conflicting uses. 1. Restrict the placement of camping facilities in densely populated areas and adjacent to co~nercial and industrial activity . 2. Encoura.ge the establishment of small park and picnic areas within or adjacent to industrial parks. • 3. area of Lewiston. IV. • Provide picnic and park facilities within the central business Community recreational activities are ·c ontributers to the physical and psychological attractiveness of the township. In order to accommodate the needs of individuals and groups of Albert Township and to attract new commercial and industrial activities desiring local recreational amenities, community recreation programs and facilities should be provided in conjunction w:i.th the character and desj_res of the township's residents. • 1. Establish community sponsored arts and crafts programs for children, adults, and retired persons. 2. Encourage community sponsored skiing, swimming, and health clubs. 3. Provide playground equipment for township and community parks commensurate with the density and population age group. 103 �C.OMMUNITY FACILITIES OBJECTIVES I. The success of health) safety) welfare) and edtcation programs are often dependent upon the , quality and variety of facilities provided. To enhance cohesiveness and public pride among the citizens of Albert Township and to make quality services available to all residents) comprel1ensi ve comnruni..t y factlities shouJ.d be establisbecJ and adequately maintained. 1. Combine accepted location and space standards with knowled .<se of local population and physical characteristics to determine the optimum distribution of school facilities. 2. Analyze existing and potential land uses in the area and correlate tberu with the physical and financial resources of the township to ascertain tbe needs and potential locations for fire protection facilities. 3. Locate a community-wide recreational facility) including areas such as tennis courts) outdoor theatre, baseball) football) and basketball areas, indoor social and cultural recreation) etc. which are easily accessible to the majority of the population. 4. Promote tbe construction of a communitl center, including public meeting room) library, museum and art gallery, and local office space in a central location to meet increasing demand for services. 5. Provide ma,ior public health and welfare facilities in an easily accessible central location. �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I jl ii I I '. ~RANSPORTATION OBJECTIVES I. The location of various land uses is often d!termined by the accessibility of the particular activity) especially commercial and industrial, The size and placement of roads is, therefore, an important element in the distribution of land use. The circulation system of Albert Town- ship should be planned to promote desired land use growth wl1ile limiting the distribution of undesirable activities. 1. Design circulation systems wi tb respect to the amount of activity tliey are proposed to facilitate. 2. Discourage tbe construction of primary and secondary roads in areas where development is not proposed or approved. '-.../' 3. Separate automobile and truck traffic from pedestrian and bicycle circulati9n. 4. Insure adeq_uate access and parking at public recreational facilities. 5. Improve the quality of local and collector streets in the developed sections of the township. 6. Encourage residential development which efficiently limits the amount of land devoted to streets, 7. Limit truck traffic to required industrial and commercial services. 8. Provide adequate access for movement of goods to and from areas outside the township. II. In recognizing the ch~nging pattern of lifestyles attributed to a decrease in the supply of available energy, and the need for offering 105 �I greater access a : · 1obili ty to different elements of the population, the township sh01 ·. ..d attempt to procure a var i ety of transportation modes which will serve all residents. · l. Promote the development of an airpor,t with facilities capable of supporting private and industrial requirements . 2. Establish bicycle routes throughout designated areas of the township to facilitate long distance touring , short distance shopping , and social recreation trips . 3. Study the feasibility of eventually incorporating a small vebicle public transportation system in the more densely populated sectors of the township. III. The construction of roads and other transportation modes requires the disruption of natural land _features, veg~tation, and water resources . In order to preserve as nruch of the natural environment as possible, the township will benefit by a thorou gh analysis and limitation of detrimenta l environmenta l impact resultin 0 from construction of transportation routes. 1. Construct man -made or natural barriers between residential areas and major thoroughfares. 2. Provide ad equate access to community facilities. 3. Determine the potential growth impacts result"ing from the proposed construction or improvement of township roads. 4. Limit the amount of paved area in the tmmship to efficiently meet the needs and comfort of the population, while confining the environmental impact resulting from increased run-off . 106 I I -I I I I I ~I I I I I I I I 1 I �l-I:$ALTH & WELFARE OBJECTIVES I. ' Because each individual residing in an area is different in personality I I and background from those around him, every community is unique in its I I I I health and community welfare services sl1ould be made avaik.ble to the population composition. dents of the township should reflect this uniqueness. Consequently, people of Albert 'rownship wl1ich will best fulfill the needs of tbe indivj.dual. 1. Through promotion, attempt to lure professional, medical, and social l)ersonnel to the tovmship. 2. Discourage overdependence on community welfare facilities and programs. 3. 'I I I I I I I I I The public services made available to the resi- Incorporate community welfare programs under one local agency to insure comprehensive and cohesive administration. 4. Promote the creation of public service programs (such as, dntg abuse, alcoholic crises center organizations) to meet the needs of .township residents. II. Through public avm.reness of health and sanitary practices, many health problems resulting from lack of individual knowledge can be alleviated. To instill and maintain a high level of public consciousness, educational programs and informative health practices should be instituted and made available to ·all members of the township. 1. Establish liaison between the school system and local health, education, and medica l services. 107 �III. Public safety and protection are pertinent factors in the attractiveness of any locality. If adequate police and fire ~ervices are available to all sections of the township, individuai insurance rates are decreased and personal loss from fire and theft are minimized. To insure personal comfort and confidence in local government, public safety pro.<_;,;rams should be created and continua lly improved to meet the demands of continued ~rowth. 1. Promote and maintain public safety programs. 2. Work in close ass ociation with county and state law enforcement authorities to establish the optimum efficiency in police protection. 3. Educate the public as to protection of personal property - both fire and theft control. l+. I I I I I I I I Promote community spirit and involvement in attempts to physically . ' and financially improve volunteer fire and comnrunity service organizations. I I I I I I I I 1o8 I �•I I I I EDUCATION OBJECTIVES I. The social, cultural, and economic future of the to,mship depends upon I the skills of its younger residents acting as catalysts for new, diversified growth. Township, educational facilities and programs should be established commensurate with the needs and ~haracter of the area . •-I 1. 2. 3. I Establ ish formal courses in technical skill trainins oriented toward the needs of existing and potential industrial and commercial act ivit y, procurir.g financial, physical, and instructional aid from these activities under a consolidated effort. 4. Promote communication between the local government and school board to obtain optimum efficiency. II. Education and information are synonymous witb the general awareness of the township's residents toward activities of local concern. To provide the citizens of Albert Tovmship with knowledge of various events, a comprehensive informat ion program should be established . 1. I I I I Stud y tl1e feasib:i.li ty of establishing a day care center for children of work:i.nB parents. , •I Formulate adult education classes employing local facil:i.ties and personnel when possible. I I I I To insure an increase in the economic base of Albert Construct a centrally located facility to disseminate public information . 2. Establish liaison between developers, realtors, entrepreneur~, and local eovernment authorities in improving communication and procuring cohesiveness in the township's overall development. 109 �III. Formal education is only one means of improvine the skills of the people of Albert Township. Informal community educa!ional pro.grams can be instituted to offer a variety of learninr; experiences to all members of the tmmship . 1. Local arts, cr·a fts, book clubs, etc. should be promOted to improve the overall skills and awareness of the township's residents. 2. Of·f er campin~, hiking, and outdoor recreation classes to seasonal and permanent residents. 110 �I I ENVIRONMENT OBJECTIVES r. I I I I I I Albert Township is currently a desirable placJ to live and visit primarily because of the character of its natural environment. Since the identity of an area is defined by its physical, as well as, social amenities, the maintenance of the township's overall attractiveness requires the feasible nreservation of the natural environment.. l. Create and maintain an oneoing environmental monitoring program to study the effects of development and human activity and ut:i.lize the results to institute protective measures. 2. Adopt noise and vj.sual pollution standards for inclusion in the zoning ordinance. ,.,, II. The abundance of natural and cultured vegetation contributes to the reduction of noise, soil, and visual pollutton resulting from human activities. I Therefore, the to,mship should strive to preserve as much of the existing vegetation as possible wbile E:ncouragi ng the growth of cultured plant life in areas affected by human activity. 1. 1. I Establish criteria for landscaping commercial areas and adopt these measures in the zoning ordinance. 2. III. Promote landscaping and garden-plot programs in tbe t .o wnship. The productivity and attractiveness of the natural landscape, as well as, the health of the township's residents, is closely interrelated with the rationai utilization of geologic characteristics. Consequently, the · capacities of the soils in th e township should be understood and adverse geoloGic impact s avoided or re st ricted. I, 111 �1. De fine areas and densities compatible for development based upon soil and groundwater characteristics, primtrily related to sanitation and pollution factors. IV. Except for limited sewage problems, Albert Township is presently devoid of any excessive environmental impacts. As the area experiences an expansion of human activity, tbe probability of subsequent pollution will increase. I I I I Provision sl1ould be made for acquiring federal, state, and local expertise and financj_aJ. aid in the limitation and abatement of future air, wa ter; noi s e, and visual pollution. I I I I I I - -~ -I I I 112 I �•• •• I UTILITIFS OBJECTIVES I. •· •I The hea·l th, safety, and welfare of the towns'iiip' s citizens is closely aligned with the adequate provision of water and sewer systems. Albert Township desires to maintain a preferred level of human, physical, and social welfare in the face of increasing population pressures, it must insure the provision of sewer and water facilities accordin.~ to the needs of the townsl1ip. I 1. I I 2. I I I I I I I Determine the capacity of tbe current ground water levels to sustain :fu.ture development densities. Insure adequate health and sani.tation in recreation areas by providing needed water, electric, and sanitary facilities . 3. r-1 I I If Construct and expand sewer systems in residential, industrial, and commercial areas, based upon immediate and long-range needs~ II. Since the ~o,mship's welfare is reflected in the protection of its people and environment from detrimental ecological impacts, the proper ut~lization of land according to its capacity for development should be of major concern. Therefore, the desi~n and placement of water and sanitary facilities are pertinent in defining areas of the tmmship where development is feasible. Albert Township should regulate undesirable growth, allocating sewer, ~Bter, and drainage facilities accordin~ to the capability of the township to sustain development. 1. Determine the impact additional growth and development will have on the financial, environmental, and facility characteristics of the to,mship and allocate development accordingly. 113 �' F U T U R E L A N D U S E �•I fUTURE IAND USE The physical development of Albert Townshipf is a reflection of its . • •I I •I ~"'I I •• I I I I (.I I social, economic, and governmental characteristics. Land use defines the living, working, and movement patterns of the to,mship's residents and conseq_uently must be considered in proposals relating to the area's future. This section will delineate very general distributions of land use, a broad portrayal of a future dispersion of uses which is in keepin .'5 wit}1 tbe purpose of a comprebensivc plan - to V,tide the ~~Eal development of an area. This level of specif:i.ci ty allows the toT,mshj_p to institute specific land use policies within the extended framework :provided by tbe proposed land use plan. Tiesidenti~l: As in the past, residential use is projected to be tbe pre- dominate development activity .in _the to,mship. Existing land use analysis indicates that tbe majority of residential units are in the Lewiston-'rwin Lakes area, many of these being seasonal homes. The density in t::iis general vicinity is approximately 1.53 persons per acre and since the majority of lots border-ing the lakes are already developed, this should not increase substantially. More dispersed residential distribution on 5, 10, and 20 acre parcels characterizes the outlying sections of the township, and hence these areas are more conducive to new development. Of the ' approximately 46,000 acres which constitute Albert Township, about 20,900 acres are in private ownership and eligible for residential land use. �J Because the health, safety, and welfare of the township 1 s residents is of prime consideration in the planning process, tht prevention of groundwater pollution via adeq_uate sanitation is a major factor in land u se activity~ Therefore, the proposed sewer line boundary mentioned in the sewa8e disposal section of this plan is a limiting element in residential dispersion . The prospective sewer system will incorporate 6300 acres, leaving 14,600 acres of privately owned land for residential development without sewers . According :J ~ I 1 I to projected population figures, if the 6300 acres served by sewers are devel oped at the existin3 density of 1. 53 persons per acre, about 9500 people or 75% of tbe total projected tow11ship population of 12,000, will reside in the area. The remaining 3500people would be located in the rest of tbe 14~6oo acres, at a density of .23 persons per acre (one person per 4.34 acres). The proposed sewer service area (1.53 persons per acre ) will be designated as medium density in the future land use map. This designation can accommodate both single and multiple family units. The remaining privately o,med sections of Albert Township will be c.lnssi fied as low density, rural residential at approximately .23 persons per acre . Since public health req_uirements stipulate a preferred minimum density of one unit per acre with individual septic systems , these parcels should be no less than one acre j_n area and preferably larger . Commercial : (See Ma.p 32 . ) Existing commercial activity is generally limited to Lewiston and the immediate vicinity. According to policies for commercial activit y formulated in the plan, Lewiston will continue to be the center of cornme1·c e in the township and the major. stores will locate here . ttstrip commercial 11 ·1 I I I I I I I I I I I 115 I �i '.£., .ol. I I I I I I 1· ..., .:.. ALBERT TClwNSH I P PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL LA1'.1D USE ~ ~ Medium De::-isity p:;~:7r:;::.<:y·;:,vcm Low Density - Rural ~ I 116 �.1 activity, should be discouraged and more dense commercial land use, to facilitate pedestrian circulation, should occur in thefpresent downtown area . (See Map 33.) In addition, smaller local neighborhood convenience stores should be considered . Industrial: 'rhe majority of industrial activity should be confined to tl1e present industrial park North of Lewlston. This area is included in the sewer service area, is in an easily accessible location, and would a.llow economies of scale in industrial operations. Extract:Lve industries will have to locate adjacent to their source of materials. Mc:1.p 34 depicts proposed industrial activity areas. Recreatj_onal: I I I I I Storage areas should be on property which is screened from public view and not within or immedj_ately adjacent to beavily trafficked areas. 1 I I Since recreation ls an important element in the economy of the township and is pertinent to the quality of life of its residents, tr1is activity should be dispersed to serve the optimum number of people wbile enhancing the area 1s environmental features. Major outdoor recreation areas (camping, I I picnicking, and water sports sites) to serve visitors and seasonal residents should be located in those areas of the township containing pertinent enviro!l.mental features and having the capacity to accommodate projected use . Neighborhood and community recreational facilities should be centrally located, as well as large and varied enough to facilitate all elements of the population. A community recreation center, incorporating indoor and out- door facilities, should be promoted in the Lewiston area. Transportntj_on: Pedestrian circulation systems and vehicular transportatio!l. 117 I I I I I I �I I 11...l ~ .) ..) .! ,. :.•: . I NORTHWOOD I I I 0 (/) -ri- 0: - o, er. . <t w w a 0 X ~ ~ w w . _J Cl .:w .. <t I _,l_o_oLI J' t- r a - - - - - J .___ _ __., ;;t; MONTMORENCY • •~ •~ r~ I . . . ij~,-futi••-~~! ~f=======~~~~;~~[] -lL n J l ~~-J 1' . ij~ [n o 'l u.J fi S.E8!1.CS;___/l__~!(;_ tiEL.,$.QI:L:· f-' qi~ I f:J ~. _ _ _J ; _ J - §- •' ._______ ' .-:.i:. 11r--------r-i~ ~~~-ifJt~:~i~~~~~-~~~~~~~t~~?~1~~~~~})\\~~-: :~:.::~~~\-~~\ ~~~\:)<":·i~~~-~'.~ :.~ -s-~~ ..;~'~@'~ f-:?,~~ :-;·\~~~':-"-~~-,~~)<~-~t~~:~~:~~~>>,~·;~~\~:~S:}> 7:.\~~,:@,l~!..-.;,~". . ~r~~~f..:·:".1~1--~.! l-t) ~i-!-¥) :.:,._1;i,~~~~'l,T,:-;., ~~- )i;-~~~~-~ /·~~--:_ Cu . R D. 61 2 i ,. , ~~~;,;'!{~\.:?.~~z~t.~~~ .;"--;~!!:~~·:-? ,...~-~~?~-=~-~~~~~t.z-:-~ir,: ~--. ~ ,-- . ---------- . ~L§_]~ ~i'j Ct~ - \ DARD Y ~ I. I I I I '.3 :t w I- TNNIS I 1... . - 1 >a:: E AS I_ 1~ ~ ~~ 0 r· <.:> IJJ . TWJN L A I< E 7 efl.LSP•~ J a:: <.:> ~e;J:1-----Of\)(~Q92-::1·, -~~-___.,..,., . : , , - - - ~ . . Lewiston Area Proposed General Commercial 118 & Office Use ~ . �I MAP 34 ~1 CRYSTAL 7 ..., 9 ........ ::, CD 15 "' TU.1NSIIIP ALBER.1. · , IN·•m.JSTRIAL FUTURE 14 SE E~1'RAC'rIVE LAND U ; I I ~ 119 I �networks often define residential, industrial, and commercial l and uses. Tlle development of the township, therefore, requires proper recognition of tlle possible effects of higliway and street patterns! New residential development should be designed to efficiently limit the •I I •I land area devoted to loca,l streets . Commercial and industrial activities should be easily accessible by automobile while concurrently facilitating pedestrian movement within tbeir boundaries. Public bicycle and pedestrian paths should be constructed in both medimn and low density areas of the township, preferably separated from truck and automobile traffic. These can be utilized for sbort shopping trj_ps, as well I as longer recreational cycling endeavors. should be undertak en for such Facilities : a Detailed studies end desi g ns system. Structures and areas dedicated to public use require easy acces - sibility in order to serve as .many of the township' £, resj_dents as possible, I -I I I I I I as well as be c f::icie:ni.;ly designed to fulfill required functions . Con se - quently, governmental and quasi-public facilitj_es should be located adj ac ent to each other or within one complex in the Lewiston area . Map 35 shows the combined f\1ture residential, commercial, and industrial land uses within Albert Tmmship . Combined with social ancl economic policies, tbe proposed distribution of these activities can enhance the quality ·of life available to the residents of Albert Tavmship while still enabling it to retain its individual character . l20 �MAP 35 ALBERT TOWNSHIP GENERAL PROPOSED L.~ND USE Medium Density Residential r.•.. . Low Density-Rural Residential S 'i . ~. r•••••o••••••o•f'•••••• O II e .... ( • ~ • ,. .. ... ···~·········~······· Commercial " µ L A . A . ~ ....................t ....:V.\.A..lt. ... , Industrial - Extractive State Fo res t 121 I I _I I I I I I I I �MP L E ME NT AT 0 N �-- 1. -~ I I I' I I I ·I I I I I I I I I I IMPLEMEI ITA'rION 1 The goo.ls, objectives, and resultant policies advocated in this document . cannot be realized unless programs ar·e adopted to facilitate tbeir implementation. Tbese programs include political, economic, and legal measures to induce action on the part of administrators in providing for local development. Tbe plan comes to light 01?lY when the people of the tovmship join tocether to work toi-.'B.rd the goals they ho. ve advoce.ted . This requires creative foretbougbt ter.Jper2d wit1i rationalism and political reality. Unless this is done, ~he plan becomes practically useless. Implementation procedures and programs are as varied as tbe indi--ridual elements of tbe plan, but for all practical purposes they can be classified into four major categories: Those concerned with physical improvement, such as public work s - capital improvements programs; those related to services o.nd programs, such a.s health and welfare delivery systems; tbe promotion of the tovmship t11rough public and pri va.te incentives and advertisements; township regul1;3-tions and polic:i.es tbrough zoning and planning. Public works and capital improvements programs are contingent upon tbe immediate ~nd long-range goals of the t01-msbip and more importantly, upon the availability of funds. Federal and state domestic programs are the major sources of additional funding for area or community development. The tovmsbip should review an- nually the federal and state programs which may be available to the locality and attempt to secure matching funds for projects deemed important by the decision-makers and members of the community. 122 �Monies for industrial park development , recreation facilities , health and welfare facilities, airport development , sewer and water systems devel opment, open-space land acquisition , bikeway systkms, and community facilities, as enumerated in this plan, are possible for the township depend:i.ng upon the availability of funds and the specific eligibility requirements for each proe;ram. It should be emphnsized that the township has a better chance of acquirin P,; ajd if the programs it desires to see implerr.ented are on-going, coordinated programs that the general community is aware of and has an i.nterest in . That is, individual "spur-of-the-moment" efforts are not desirable . State funding and assistance programs should also be analyzed in con junction with the to.mship' s needs. Fire and police protecU.on assistance The Michigan Dep3.rtment of Natural Resources has worked in conjunction with the township in the past in providine; fire fighting equipment and should continue to be utilized as a source of assistance. Montmorency County has jurisdiction over public roads in the township and as the area develops, the Montmorency County Road Commission should be Public I?ar.l~~ng facilities might possibly be built with the help of federal fund:i ng. Pu.blic services and programs can also be funded throug·;; .· t!deral and state agencies. Vocational rehabilitation funding ca,n be attained through federal project grants administered by state or private non - profit agencies. Tbese funds may be used to retrain individuals for gainful employment and could be applicable to retraining the unemployed in Albert To.msh ip fo r skilled employment positions. Local industries may also bene f it f rom in - stituting and coordinating training programs \ 123 I II can be found at the federal, state, and county levels . made aware of the need for local and collector street improvements. I I I I I I I - the area to prepare I II II II I I I • �• • •I prospective employees with particular. skills. Federal programs are available to provide technical and educational assistance fn environmental and recreational improvement. The art of "grantsmanship", the ability to define and acquire outside I I monies, is an important tool in implementing the goals a.nd objectives of tte II Albert Township, ar c a combine. tion of public and pri vatc effo:rts. •I I - tovmship. Promotional endeavors, those designed to att1·act people and business to Advertisin~~ through various media is a method of dissemin3.tin8 inforrcation about the township to outside professi.onals and firms . The township can institute an official public relations program empl1asizing the o.menities of the area and the community 1 s desire for preferable enterprises as outlined. in the comprehensive plan . weal organizations, particularly the Chamber of Commerce, should endeavor to publicize commercie.l a.ctivities in attempts to attract business. Special events, commensurate with existing attructions, should be main to.ined and expanded . J\.s tbe tmmship develops, more commer cial and indus- trial enterprises will contribute to the financi al back ing these activities reCJ.uire. In addition, team sports, local arts and crafts procrams, a nd I safety education can be sponsored by businesses within tl1e tmmship. "• controlling and coordinating future growth . land use and physical development policies are of primary importance in Tbe comprebensive plan is · an accepted method of ~iding long-range development to protect the welfare of the towns}Jip' s residents. Zoning is a rational means of allocnting and de- fining land use to facilitate desirable growth and avoid conflicting activities. In the past, zoning has been applied in many communities in a stan- dardized fashion and zoning ordinances have usually contained the same 124 �general stipulations. Recently, however, new and innovative zonin~ regula - tions have been proposed which attempt to promoteimore efficient control of loca l land use. One such method is tl1e use of timing and sequent ial controls, whereby development is controlled accordini to a general long-ranie facilities and utilities plan. Briefly, tbe riebt of an individual or corporation to de- velop property would depend upon the distance the propo sed develop:nent is from tl1e utilities and fac i lit ies network as outlined in the plan. A point system is used t o determine the priority a particular development has in receivi ng approval from the local aut hority. The closer the proposed cievel- opment to exiGting o:r. proposed facilities, the greater the numbe r of points it receives. I I I I ' ' ' ' Wben the requisite accumulation of points has been achieved, and otber re 6'Ulatory crit eria have been approved, t11e development will be allowed. Basically, t l1e impl ement ation of this type of program enables tbe to,ms}iip to develop in controlled phases, maint a in a desir2.b l e balance c.mong l and use s , achieve greater regulatory powers and maintain qual ity services and facilities. The institution of subdivision regulations and planned unit development crit eria will allow tbe townsbj_p to incorporate guidelines for a mixture of land uses with in a given zoning district. Advantages include the review of plans a t the conceptual sta ges to insure proper access, circulation, school and park development, and ade~uate utilities . The township ma y also retain professional aid in r eviewing and making recommendations pertinent to the proposed development. Performa nce zoning is another means of allocating land use ac cording to specific criteria. In addition to designated zones, the nature of the 125 I I I I I J J - �development and the resultant performances it promotes, define the accepta bi~ity of that particular activity in the com:nunity. St9.ndards such as the number of cars generated in a particular area, theipotential disturbance to tl1e environment and increased need for public facilities are based upon q_uantitative and qualitative measures . These standards then define tl1e pre - ferred densities and distrj_bution of specific developments . E:..1.ch proposed activity is there fore analyzed in rele..tion to its effe cts upon surrounding activities . Another legal method of controlling and planning future growth is tbrough transference of development rights ('rons ). This ideu is predicated upon tl1e fact that the bundle of property ri r;hts a land owner has can be ' separated. The rj_3;ht to develop, or not develop, can be acquired by the tovmship through outright purchase, taxation agreements, or tra din::s of rights wi tb tl1e owner. \-11,ile the loca l government attains development rights, the individual retains m-mership of the property. An al terna ti ve to outright purchase or tax reduction is to trade development ri ghts . If the township desires to limit grovtb in outlying areas an<l has already at tained development ri 5 hts closer to urbanized sections, it can dj_rectly transfer its rights to the developer in exchange for the development rig11ts in the outlying area; thereby promoting grovth in a desirable locality and limiting it in an undesirable area . There are nwnerous variations to these methods which would enable the -township to define and control its grovth . Aesthetic considerations are important in pr omoting the at t ractiveness of the township as a place to shop, live, and visit . Ordinances r e gulating size and location of signs, types of commercia l landscapin~, and architec tural controls can be developed according to the township's design preferences . 126 �. An Envj_ronmental Hevicw Board can be established to an::-1lyze and mal<e recommendations to miti 6s.te undesirable environmr,ntal conseq_uences resulting fI\Om individual larr-;e-scale development. The above are by no means a complete comprehensive listing of irnpler.1ent3tion programs and techniques. The elected and appointed decision - makers in Albert Township have the rcsponsibili ty to become a,;are of and analyze , as. thoroughly as possibl~, any techniques which will promote the goals, objectives, and policies of the comprehensive plan in light of the township's individual cbaracteristjcs and specific needs . While all policies may not be achieved within tbe planning period) t!J.e decit;ion - rnakers ar,d citizens o~ Albert To'.mship should promote the reali.zat:i.on of 8 s many of these statements as possible. T'ni s can be a de qua te1y done only if knowledge, creativity, and most importantly, coimunity inter est and involvement ber.01ne an integrq.l part ·of Albert 'rownship . 127 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Albert-Twp_Comprehensive-Plan_1975 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Albert Township Planning, Zoning and Sanitation Commission. Albert Township, Montmorency County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-09-17 Title A name given to the resource Albert Township Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource Comprehensive Plan for Albert Township, Montmorency County, Michigan developed by the Albert Township Planning, Zoning and Sanitation Commission with the assistance of the Northeast Michigan Regional Planning and Development Commission September 17, 1975. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Northeast Michigan Regional Planning and Development Commission (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications Albert Township (Mich) Montmorency County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/750cc5aeb6e71507f4ccb5a1a4ce5bea.mp4 0e8fd6958e8a2c0845109c153ff6c1ad https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9cd6ba7bb2f1bb5a12a3f1d311407dbc.pdf 6f417e9b606ef3ea77670e2b659be71e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Les Alcumbrack (01:02:00) Background • Full name is Lester Alcumbrack (00:14) • From Kentwood, MI (00:31) • Born in Grand Rapids, his family moved to the corner of 32nd and East Paris when he was about five years old. (00:44) • He was in the #8 District school, which had one teacher. (01:03) • The school was about five and a half miles away. (01:14) • He went to Godwin High School, as did all of his siblings. He was the youngest of five children. (01:21) • They usually walked to school. Sometimes his father dropped them off on the way to work. (01:34) • His father worked at a laundromat. It was initially called “U.S. Laundry,” and the name was later changed to “American Landry.” (01:53) • Les worked on nearby farms after graduating high school. (02:08) • Graduated 1939. (02:27) • He didn't pay much attention to international affairs, or WWII, he was too busy at the time. (02:40) • He heard about Pearl Harbor in Silver Lake. He and his girlfriend were delivering calendars for his sister's church, and they heard about it on the car radio. (02:55) • At the time, he didn't think about being drafted or enlisting. He was very afraid. (03:33) • Later on, he attempted to enlist and was rejected because he was set to be drafted very soon. (03:53) • He was drafted a few weeks later. (04:16) Training • Went to Fort Custer. (04:38) • He was given written aptitude tests. (04:47) • Next, he was sent out to Yuma, AZ in the middle of the desert. (05:15) • The trip to Yuma was his first cross-country trip. It was a long train ride. (05:27) • At this time, he was not yet assigned to a company. (05:43) • The dirt in Arizona was black, powdery and very dusty. (06:21) • He had his winter clothes on because he had left Michigan in September. Arizona temperatures reached the hundreds, and his clothes made him even hotter. The dust stuck to his sweat. (06:21) • They were split into four companies, A through D. He was in company A. (06:46) • The base was in a mountain. (07:03) • Basic training was in Yuma. It was mostly field hikes, and rifle training, but he missed most of it as he was very sick. (07:10) • He felt sick, and passed out in front of the doctor's office. (07:50) • He had a fever of one hundred and four. (08:18) • He was rushed to the hospital tent. (08:25) • His sickness may have been infection from the water. He was hospitalized for forty-nine days. (08:45) • He didn't do much, but eat and sleep. He gained a lot of weight during his hospital stay. The �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • lack of activity was a drastic change to his life at home on the farms. (09:00) A man wanted him to change units. (09:18) He talked with his superior officer about a transfer, and was denied. (09:42) He didn't find out about his duty until after basic training, which he had not still finished. (10:00) He drove a truck, and took care of garbage on the base. (10:30) Later on, he filled gas cans. There were about twenty truck drivers. (10:55) Patton trained his men nearby. Les brought fuel to him, and took the empties back for refill. (11:09) Patton was training a large armored unit, which used large amounts of gas. (11:32) Les' grandson later trained in the same area as a Marine. (11:48) Still in Yuma while he was driving trucks. (12:14) Big trucks brought in gasoline, which they pumped into five gallon drums. (12:18) Sometimes trains brought the gas instead of trucks. (12:40) He spent six months in Arizona. (12:49) Next he was sent to Fort Preston, FL for amphibious training. (13:00) He was assigned to a unit responsible for supplying gasoline. (13:12) During the amphibious training he had to be able to swim two miles and climb a mock ship. (13:25) He didn't practice climbing down nets onto landing craft. (13:54) He went from practicing on a fake ship to practicing on actual ships. (14:04) He practiced loading ammo cases filled with sand onto amphibious trucks called “ducks.” (14:17) The exercises didn't have much to do with driving trucks, but he followed the orders despite the seeming impracticality. (15:04) He did not have a discipline problem. (15:21) Some of the men had problems with discipline, but not many of them. (15:30) Many of the men disliked digging foxholes, including himself. (15:45) He once was training in foxholes, and found a pre-made foxhole. He planned on using the foxhole, but decided to make a new one when he noticed the rattlesnake inside. (16:07) Fort Pierce was about fifty miles north of Miami, halfway between Miami and Jackson. It was on an island. (16:33) The base being on an island made it hard to get into trouble. (17:06) He was in Fort Pierce for about six months, late 1943. (17:19) He was next sent to Camp Pickett, VA for more training. They had marching and an infiltration training course. (17:29) As part of the course, they had crawl up a hill on their hands and knees around fake land mines. The “mines” were very noisy and startled. They activated with strings. (17:55) He did well on the course. (18:33) The Army usually sent about ten men through the course at a time. (18:44) His training was not related to truck driving, it was in case of capture. (18:54) By this time, he was in a company which he trained with. (19:06) He had a fourteen day furlough. He spent most of it with his girlfriend. (19:21) He had asked his girlfriend to marry him before he was drafted. He then asked her father for his approval. Her father preferred them to wait as Les had been drafted. Les decided to follow his advice, and believes it was the correct decision. He didn't want to start out on the wrong foot with his in-laws. (19:42) He frequently received letters from his girlfriend, but did not answer them often as the Army kept him very busy. (20:40) �Deployment/Scotland and Wales • He was at Fort Pickett about two months, and then shipped out at Boston. (21:04) • The ship was an old gambling ship, the Evangeline, the ship came to Boston from New Orleans. (21:16) • The ship had been converted to a troop ship, but it still had many accoutrements from its life as a gambling ship. The dancing floor was still intact. (21:44) • The ship held 300-400 men. The bunks were stacked about three high. (22:22) • The ship was not very crowded. (22:34) • He was shipped out fall or winter of 1943. (22:42) • Once, during the night, the ship supposedly scraped sides with another ship in the convoy. He didn't hear the scrape, and didn't see evidence of it. (22:50) • The ship was bound for Glasgow, Scotland. They took the long way around to avoid U-boats. (23:27) • The convoy was large and involved about twenty ships. (23:54) • The weather was cold, but the sea was probably calm as he doesn't recall being sea-sick. (24:15) • Next, he was put on a train to South Wales. (24:51) • He stayed in South Wales, but didn't do much. (25:02) • They were in tents, in winter, in Wales. It was very wet, but not too cold. (25:15) • The tents were set up off ground a bit. (25:41) • There was a lot of mud. (25:52) • Trucks brought in sand to counter-act the mud. (26:00) • They were waiting for the invasion of Normandy. (26:18) • They also made roads, and improved the base. (26:30) • There were not many towns in the area. (26:46) • Swansea was the nearest town in the area, but he didn't go. (27:08) • His company was the only one there at the time. It was a small unit. (27:29) • They were sent to Plymouth, as a “holding tank” before the invasion. They were only there for a week. (28:05) • The invasion was soon underway. About sixty “ducks” were sent, but only about sixteen made it. (28:48) Service on the Continent • He was in Plymouth during D-Day. There were many German planes flying over that day. They didn't drop bombs; he assumes they were reconnaissance planes. (29:04) • He landed on June 23, he didn't remember a storm. (29:46) • Landed at Omaha Beach. (30:20) • France had many hedgerows. (30:36) • He drove the truck off of a landing barge, an LST with a drop down door [probably an LCT— ed.]. (30:48) • He dropped into water about four feet deep. (31:18) • Some of the later trucks partially flooded after dropping off. As each truck dropped off the transport, the transport floated higher in the water because of the lost weight. Each truck dropped from a higher point, and as a result the later trucks were splashed with water. (31:40) • Before the landing, he had to waterproof his truck with a layer of grease. After the landing the grease had to be removed. (31:45) • The ordinance outfits set up a tent. (32:05) • After they captured the area, they had to pick up loads and distribute them. (32:38) • Two men were assigned to each truck, one drove at a time in shifts. This way they were able to drive in forty-eight hour stretches. (32:50) �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The beach was sandy. (33:12) There was not much traffic, some roads were just trails. (33:33) He mostly transported food supplies. He only drove, other men loaded and unloaded the trucks. (33:50) After they took St. Lo, the travel distance increased. (34:16) Some WWII movies were very accurate, and brought back memories for him. (34:42) He drove along a road one day, and went to turn when about a hundred yards away he saw a cannon. The cannon had fallen over, and was pointing right at him. It scared him badly. (35:42) The Americans had a pipeline for gas which went through the English Channel. (36:58) The first time they used the pipeline, the gas was about ninety percent water. He got blamed for it. (37:55) Most supplies continued to come from Normandy, as it was the best place for a base for a while. The train tracks had been destroyed and could not be used. (38:55) A German bomber dropped a “blockbuster” bomb near his truck, sending large fragments of clay near him. (39:24) Back at the base, large tanks of water were used for showers. The tanks warmed in the sun, providing a warm, but not hot, shower. (40:13) He never had a problem with food. (40:42) Sometimes he stole food out of the trucks with his friends. Canned peaches were a frequent favorite. (41:05) He had to deliver gas to a nearby unit. (41:55) The unit wasted gas, the soil was moist from it. Some of the men got lead poisoning and lost their legs because of the gas. (42:07) As the troops moved forward, so did his supply trips. (43:18) He stayed in France until they entered Germany. (43:29) He supplied Patton's Army. After the war, Patton was killed near the area. (43:38) His unit began using refrigerated trucks after the war. (44:06) He was not in much danger, aside from the bomb incident. (44:26) He observed very little of the action, but knew how the war was going. The Army kept him informed. (44:40) Once, they had an emergency at an airfield. One of the planes couldn't get its landing gear out in time. He saw the pilot’s body in a nearby tree. It sickened him. (45:08) He met some of the French people, but didn't like them because he thought they were dirty. He believed they had low morals, and he was also not impressed by their public latrines. (46:36) He was once set to the outskirts of Paris to pick up empty gas cans. (47:38) He went to Paris on furlough once, and was not impressed. (48:28) He thought Germany was cleaner, despite the wreckage of Mannheim. (48:50) Some of the men moved into a nearby building, which had been an old girl's school. They used the classrooms as bedrooms. They played basketball in the gym, and used the showers and footbath in the basement. (49:29) He drove refrigerated semi-trucks later on. He had never driven a semi-truck before. (50:41) He went from Mannheim to Heidelberg, and a few other small towns. (51:42) The trips were about sixty to seventy miles. (52:06) He carried food supplies around in the semis. (52:10) When they stayed at the school, the officers put on a party which had a lot of alcohol. They had a dance, and brought in a few girls as well. The party helped him keep his mind off the war. (52:38) He left Europe shortly after, and arrived home Christmas Eve. (53:54) �• • • • • • • • • • • He went from Manheim into France, and disembarked on a Liberty ship from Marseille, through the Mediterranean Sea. They passed the Rock of Gibraltar. (54:27) Before leaving, the commander announced a storm was on the way. He asked the men if they wanted to try and beat the storm or wait it out. The men decided to go right away. They beat the storm. (55:12) They landed in Boston, it was cold. The ship was covered in ice from water that had splashed up at sea. (56:02) When they arrived home, they were given fresh milk. They had had powdered milk in Europe. (56:45) He called his brother to pick him up to avoid using a bus or a train. His brother was initially a little reluctant because it was the Christmas season. His brother offered to bring Les' girlfriend along, but Les advised him not to as the car would be full of men. His brother was also picking up a few men in his outfit who were from Grand Rapids. His brother thought she would be miffed at the exclusion, but went forward with it anyway. (57:29) His girlfriend/wife knew some of the men from school. The other men were from Grand Rapids, but from other parts of it. (59:20) He married January 30th. (59:52) He worked at a lumber company for twenty seven years, counting the years before the war. He started in 1939. (01:00:03) The company closed, and then he worked with a hi-lo. He only had two jobs, aside from working on the farms. (01:00:28) He doesn;t think the service changed him all that much, but it was a good experience. (01:00:42) Believes enlistment would help some kids with discipline issues. (01:01:10) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alcumbrack, Lester (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alcumbrack, Lester Description An account of the resource Lester Alcumbrack was drafted into the army in 1942. Les became very sick during basic training, and became a truck driver. He trained as a fuel truck driver and received amphibious training. He began duty in Scotland and Wales prior to the Normandy Invasion, and continued to serve as a truck driver in France and Germany during and after the Invasion. After the German surrender, he spent his last months working with a refrigeration unit delivering food to US occupation troops. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Kentwood Historic Preservation Commission (Kentwood, Mich.) WKTV (Wyoming, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-28 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AlcumbrackL Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/136c5948de33ed53617b0f693eb15a95.mp4 31062292ed7adc20dd9de4ed9c69a431 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/72ada9503b21a03deff53495fba5eb72.pdf 5786485af050f28f602184ce7b7567dd PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project World War II Charles Aldrich Interview Total Time: 1:50:34 Background  (00:11) Mr. Aldrich was born on February 7th 1925 in Hastings, Michigan  (00:35) He and his family lived on the farm  (1:00) After living on the farm for a few years, they moved to the Cascade area, SE of Grand Rapids  (1:25) Rented property, they had their own gardens o the property had cows, chickens, grew their own vegetables o picked apples and peaches o (2:00) They didn’t necessarily farm, but had gardens for their own personal use  (3:15) His father signed for him to enlist in the Navy at age 17  (3:26) Has younger twin brothers, 8 boys in his family altogether  (4:36) His brother Harold was in the Air Force  (5:11) Another brother was in the CCC  (5:30) Most of their information regarding the war, Pearl Harbor, etc., came from the Grand Rapids Herald newspaper  (5:57) Mentions that they didn’t have electricity in their house, so no radio Enlistment  (6:11) Mr. Aldrich was just 17 when he enlisted in the Navy  (6:30) Enlisted because he didn’t finish high school, didn’t have anything in particular to do  (7:20) Remembers his father taking him to the recruiting office at Reed’s Lake o Physical o Papers OK’d while father was on the job at WPA  (8:00) Took a train to Detroit for another physical and to do more paperwork  (8:20) After that, took another train to the Great Lakes, north of Chicago �Training  (8:45) Says that Great Lakes was a “mammoth place”  (9:43) It was busy, you were always kept busy from morning until night  (10:00) Had classes about Navy procedures, lots of marching  (10:24) Instilled the idea of following orders  (10:32) Blue Jacket Manual, they were supposed to read it and learn the rules and regulations  (10:50) On Sundays they marched to another base to go to church o Included a Catholic and Protestant church  (11:11) After 5 weeks of training, they were put in an Outgoing Unit  (11:44) Didn’t have a hard time adjusting to his training, thought of it as a job o (12:18) Mr. Aldrich noticed others having trouble with this o If someone decided they didn’t want to go through with it, they would jump over the fence, but eventually caught and put on trial  (13:20) After the first 5 weeks, and after the week in OGU, they were sent to Little Creek, Virginia o Gunnery school o Different training for different guns o Different sized guns o (15:34) Gunnery training was for service on merchant ships, but could be used on different ones as well o (15:55) They were being trained to be Navy Guards on merchant ships o (16:36) Stayed at Little Creek for about 4 weeks o (16:55) They were allowed to explore the area a bit, went to Norfolk and Virginia Beach o (17:29) The people in Norfolk weren’t necessarily fond of sailors because there were so many around, some felt they were disruptive  (19:00) They were supposed to get boating experience, but the boat happened to be broken down at the time  (19:17) Sailing experience was new to him  (19:38) After his training at Little Creek they took a ferry to Newport News, and took a train to New York, then went to the Armed Guard quarters at Brooklyn Navy Yard  (20:16) Brooklyn was where they were stationed until they were assigned to a ship  (20:30) While waiting, they got to visit New York a bit �Shipped Out  (22:18) Was in the Armed Guard Center from July 30th to August 4th o Shipped out on the John Penn  (22:27) John Penn was a Liberty ship, carried cargo o (22:56) Went out of New York to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada o Picked up more ships o Assembled in the ocean o Went to northern Scotland o Waited here for orders to proceed  (23:36) When he first got on the ship, he says there wasn’t too much to remember o They were replacements, Mr. Aldrich and another man o (24:26) His first night on the ship he slept in a bunk, had to get up at a certain hour o About 34 guys from the Armed Guard on the ship o (26:12) They took turns standing on gun watch; 4 hours on, 4 hours off  (27:00) Accommodations on the Liberty ship: o Bunk beds, some underneath the bridge, some under the stern o About 4 bunks per room o Each had their own locker o (28:05) They had their own lunchroom: gun crew, merchant marine, o Mess boy would deliver food o Says it was good food  (29:07) Mr. Aldrich remembers getting seasick once o They ran into a 72 mile an hour gale o He was on watch, getting sprayed with ocean water, was told to come back on the bridge because of the weather o One of the lifeboats was lost  (30:28) They didn’t have any U-boat scares on the way to Halifax or Scotland o Remembers the ocean being beautiful o (31:12) Mr. Aldrich remembered on the way to the British Isles the fog prevented them from seeing things, and once it cleared they had to get their convoys lined up again o This was the only problem they had  (32:23) He was put in a convoy at the British Isles and started heading over to the Soviet Union, it was PQ-18  (32:33) PQ-18 was escorted by a number of British destroyers o Remembers having a British cruiser in the convoy o Was told there was an aircraft carrier �      o They had a convoy master o Near Iceland was where they experienced the 72 mile an hour gale o (33:40) This was when they made a turn (33:57) On the morning of September 13th Mr. Aldrich remembers two ships being hit and sunk within 15 minutes o These were slower ships o (35:03) A submarine was also hit and sunk (35:13) Later that day, after everybody had lunch they went back on watch o About 3 pm a bunch of JU-88’s came out and sent torpedoes o This brought down some ships, the John Penn was one of them o (36:04) Mr. Aldrich was a first loader during this o His job was to put a new shell into the gun every time they fired it o (37:06) After numerous firings, the gun was lowered on the surface level and he could see a bomber flying over the convoy o The bomber blew up in pieces that flew all over o (38:09) His ship got hit just a few minutes after this o He infers that the bomber is the one who hit them with a torpedo o (38:44) He was looking in the opposite direction as they were hit o (39:22) In a matter of minutes, they announced “Abandoned ship!” o Mr. Aldrich couldn’t hear this, but he turned around and saw everyone running o (39:58) Remembers all the lifeboats being gone, there were 5 guys (including Mr. Aldrich) left  Remembers one was hanging on a pulley near the water  (41:18) They got in the lifeboat, and it was filled with water o (41:35) It was snowing during this time, so it was cold water, temporarily couldn’t move his legs because they were so cold o (42:20) A British destroyer picked them all up from their lifeboats o (43:00) There was oil in the water, his clothes from the waist down was soaked and had oil on them (43:33) They were all given food when they got on the ship (43:45) Legs were starting to warm up, remembers getting help walking around for a bit o (43:57) Thinks they didn’t know his rank and one man thought he was an officer o Ate with the officers during this time (44:30) After this, they were far enough into the Russian territory that the British escort left the convoy, and the Russians took over (45:11) 7 British Destroyers got their formation together and went back to Scotland, taking the rescued men with them o (45:37) They stopped and refueled in Iceland �                (46:39) Got on a train to Glasgow o (47:12) Remembers getting new uniforms here o They went to the Red Cross Center and got a British uniform o (47:43) They were free to travel around Glasgow for awhile, and then they were transferred to a training base for the Marines o (48:18) They stayed there until they got their next assignment (49:15) Remembers a Scottish castle being used as the training base for Marines (49:56) While they waited for their next assignment they marched around with the Marines o (50:12) They were US Marines (50:21) They had Navy shoes, and they weren’t good for marching, so they got army shoes. (50:43) They gave them M1’s, which were 30 caliber rifles, marched them around and taught them how to shoot the M1’s, load, unload, etc (51:18) Mr. Aldrich and his buddy took a bus to Glasgow in between all this (51:48) They packed up and went to the dock, and were headed towards Oran, Algeria in North Africa (52:38) They were put on a troop ship, which was British transport (53:30) They got to Oran in March of 1942 [1943] (54:20) He worked in Oran Harbor (55:30) His duty was to go back and forth between harbors and pick up supplies off of the merchant ships and bring them back to Oran (55:56) The distance between the two harbors was about a mile and a half (56:30) He remembers being in a schoolhouse in Oran while awaiting a new assignment and they were allowed to explore the area again (57:25) Remembers seeing French and Arab people, had dinner with a French family one night o (57:53) They could speak English too (58:11) Everyone seemed to be friendly in Oran (59:30) Remembers troops coming in to get the wounded transferred back to the US Leave  (1:00:18) Mr. Aldrich was given a 30 day leave o Went home and back to Brooklyn again  (1:00:58) Not a lot going on back at home o His brothers tried to entertain him as much as they could o They took him to shows, introduced him to girls �    (1:01:36) There were dances at halls, included drinks (1:02:00) They didn’t question age when they were drinking, he wasn’t quite old enough (1:02:22) Went back to Brooklyn, then took a train to Detroit, and Canada o (1:02:45) Mr. Aldrich enjoyed riding trains (1:03:16) After a short period of time in Brooklyn he was assigned to an oil tanker New Assignment  (1:03:29) The oil tanker was in Chester, Pennsylvania o The ship was new and hadn’t been in the water yet o Guns had to be cleaned  (1:04:01) They went to New Jersey, loaded up with oil, and went to Port Arthur, Texas, unloaded the oil  (1:04:25) Next stop, they loaded up with gasoline, then picked up a convoy and headed out for England  (1:04:55) First stop in England was Bristol, where they unloaded the gasoline  (1:05:20) The trip over was quiet, except for the fog again that made it difficult to see  (1:06:03) Mentions that when tankers hit rough water, they sort of bounced  (1:07:22) His job was to use the 20 mm gun  (1:08:36) After the 3rd trip, he was assigned back to Brooklyn  (1:09:01) Mr. Aldrich mentions on their final trip, they were told they were going to fire their guns o (1:09:33) 20 mm’s were supposed to fire at balloons o (1:10:02) But never saw any German aircrafts or submarines  (1:10:22) After 1943, they had more escorts, the Atlantic got safer  (1:11:09) To get from Curaçao to England it took about 15 days  (1:11:20) In England, they were also given the opportunity to travel around  (1:12:47) Eventually took out a war bond, and remembers sending $10-$15 a month home  (1:13:26) After doing the 3 round trips with the tanker, he was assigned back to Brooklyn  (1:13:42) He was then sent to Pier 92 in New York  (1:14:12) Mr. Aldrich was assigned to the USS Montcalm; a tugboat  (1:14:30) Took the train from Grand Central Station to Key West, Florida  (1:14:49) Went to Key West Air Base  (1:14:57) Then transported to a minesweeper, which took them to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba �        o This is where they were assigned to the USS Montcalm (1:15:34) They went to many other islands and picked up empty barges and took them back to Cuba (1:16:31) They hauled a target from a destroyer from a Caribbean island (1:17:00) Remembers Guantanamo City, Cuba, being a “liberty port” (1:17:43) Went to Puerto Rico and San Juan a couple of times, also Kingston, Jamaica (1:18:24) Remembers being assigned to Trinidad (1:18:46) There was two Armed Guards on a tugboat that he knew of (1:19:30) Got points towards discharge for sea duty, and also for being on land (1:20:39) The war was over when he got back from Cuba After Cuba/After Germans Surrender  (1:20:51) Came back to Norfolk, Virginia  (1:21:02) Mr. Aldrich was given another 30 day leave o Came back home, spent his 30 days there  (1:21:25) When his 30 days were up, he reported to Detroit  (1:21:38) From there he was shipped to Bellingham, Washington  (1:21:50) While waiting for his assignment, he worked in the Navy laundry  (1:22:27) Was able to travel around Bellingham  (1:22:55) Eventually put on another ship  (1:24:12) Went to the deck officer, got bunk assignments  (1:24:29) His duty was to wheel watch  (1:25:09) There were two man on the wheel, they would switch back and forth  (1:25:40) They headed for Okinawa, which took 30 days  (1:25:58) Believes the atomic bomb was already dropped when he was on leave, so Japan had surrendered  (1:26:20) They unloaded in Okinawa, and saw that a typhoon went through there  (1:27:06) Saw all the damage in Nagasaki from the bomb  (1:28:12) Also transported people from one port to another  (1:28:43) Didn’t see much of the Japanese people  (1:29:07) Remembers seeing Japanese kids on the docks to see what was going on, and saw rifles sitting there o Mr. Aldrich took one � (1:30:25) When he got back, he was asked if he wanted to go home, he said yes  (1:30:40) Packed up his sea bag and was gone within an hour Going Home  (1:30:55) He got on an American destroyer, was taken to another transporter, then went to San Francisco, then to Treasure Island for awhile  (1:32:38) Remembers eating dinner with a fellow seaman and his wife  (1:33:10) Didn’t have a specific assignment at Treasure Island  (1:33:29) Taken to Oakland, then took a train, remembers sleeping and waking up in Utah seeing snow o (1:34:36) Went through Denver, then to Great Lakes o (1:35:40) Remembers a sailor getting beer, almost missed the train and lost half of his beer  (1:36:10) Got a physical again at Great Lakes  (1:36:38) His only problem was hearing, which didn’t require any special treatment  (1:37:02) Finally got back home December 22nd, 1945  (1:37:15) Family knew he was coming home  (1:38:13) Once Mr. Aldrich was back home, he registered with the local draft board to make sure his discharge papers were registered with the county clerk, he was given unemployment compensation until he could find a job  (1:39:02) Continued living at home in the Cascade area  (1:39:30) Worked for a manufacturing company that made die cast parts for automobiles, refrigerators, etc o (1:40:09) He worked as a buffer o (1:40:20) Eventually switched to polishing o (1:40:54) Worked there for 29.5 years until they closed up in 1975  (1:41:10) He was on unemployment for about a year after that  (1:41:22) The last job he had was as a handyman  (1:41:48) Married twice �o (1:42:02) First got married in 1959, he was almost 25 years old o (1:42:21) 2nd marriage was in 1960  Wife passed away two years ago from this interview  (1:42:43) Had 5 kids from his first wife, 2nd wife had 3 from a previous marriage  (1:43:10) Has many grandchildren  (1:44:15) Has great grandchildren, and great-great grandchildren  (1:44:40) Being in the Navy helped him have more respect for people that were worse off, also had respect for the Japanese, and other soldiers  (1:46:19) Had a brother in the Air Force, another in the Korean War  (1:46:34) One of his sons was in the Army, drafted during Vietnam War o Had a lot of experience in the armed forces  (1:47:48) He would still join the Navy all over again  (1:49:05) Mr. Aldrich advises young people to take a chance on the Navy, says there are many opportunities � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aldrich, Charles (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aldrich, Charles Description An account of the resource Charles Aldrich was born in 1925 in Hastings, Michigan, and enlisted in the US Navy after Pearl Harbor at the age of 17. He trained for 5 weeks at Great Lakes, and then went to gunnery school in Little Creek, Virginia to train as an Armed Guard for merchant ships. On his first voyage, he was on the Murmansk run with convoy PQ 18. He shot down a German bomber, but his ship was sunk by a torpedo, and he was rescued by a British destroyer. He then spent time on a US Marine base in Scotland, Oran, Algeria, on an oil tanker In the Caribbean and Atlantic, a tugboat in the Caribbean, and finally on a cargo ship in the Pacific after the end of the war, visiting Okinawa and Japan. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-09-29 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AldrichC1266V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/29be5175996fed8dabf2567a5d54ca3d.jpg 5e9593c06e880cd1fcb2a180758d8ced Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AlegriaMauricio Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Alegria, Mauricio Description An account of the resource Mauricio Alegria, Spanish Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5660e9cf26af239a2fabef2d3e082f72.jpg 26809cf77657374d6b65c7077246b67a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00314 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1935 Title A name given to the resource Aleut burial and vegetation Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of an excavated burial site with a human skeleton. Three archaeologists stand at the edge of the pit, looking down at the remains. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Uyak Bay (Alaska) Archaeology Excavation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3e033954afcaac2587b886d1901f0509.jpg e3c3a00001b495526bef781cb6d0733f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00318 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1935 Title A name given to the resource Aleut burial extended Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide close-up view of a human skeleton excavated from a burial site. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Uyak Bay (Alaska) Archaeology Excavation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives