17 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/49ddde5911b6ac1c645424fc69f506b1.mp4 5986581e24004680437de01c5d7aa22e https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fbd9e4cda891d9bf3497bb774b0fafd5.pdf b7f50cdf3ae239ab31684f7709e62f08 PDF Text Text 1 Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Oral History Interview Veteran: Rita Adams Interviewed by James Smither Transcribed by Grace Balog Interviewer: We are talking today with Rita Adams of Farmington Hills, Michigan, and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay now, can you begin with some background on yourself? And to begin with, where and when were you born? Veteran: Well, I was born in Wheeling, West Virginia. And February 7, 1922. Interviewer: 1922, so you are 99 years old. Veteran: Right. Interviewer: Not quite a record for me, but close. Okay. Now, did you grow up in Wheeling? Or did you move around? Veteran: I spent my first 21st years in Wheeling. Interviewer: Okay. Now— Veteran: And I went to school in Wheeling at a girls’ academy in high school. Interviewer: Okay. Now, was that a private school or a public school? Veteran: It was a private school. �2 Interviewer: Okay. Now— Veteran: You paid to attend there. Interviewer: Right. Now, what did— Veteran: I have a picture of that. Interviewer: Okay, now what did your family do for a living when you were growing up? Veteran: We were very fortunate because this was during the Depression and my father was in construction. So, we had a comfortable enough home. And we lived in the city. It wasn’t unusual to have a vagrant stop and ask for a meal in the evening. But my mother would serve him. They usually just came one at a time. Interviewer: Right. Now— Veteran: And so, then I grew up in Wheeling. Interviewer: Okay. Now, with your father’s business, did he do a lot of government contracts or…? Veteran: No. Interviewer: Just private work? (00:02:21) Veteran: No, it was just a…You know, work for the city. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: In the city. �3 Interviewer: Okay, but was he paid by the city of Wheeling or was he paid by just private people? What kind of contractor was he? Did he just do people’s homes? Veteran: Yeah, mostly. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And some businesses… Interviewer: Right. Veteran: …in Wheeling. But it was all in Wheeling. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, so even during the Depression there was enough work for him. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, so you got by pretty well. And how many kids were in your family? Veteran: There were 5. Interviewer: And where were you in the sequence? Veteran: I was the 4th from the 5th. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now, when did you finish high school? Veteran: 1940. Interviewer: Okay. And then what did you do after you graduated from high school? Veteran: Well, it was very popular then if you didn’t go away to college, why, the girls often were employed with the telephone company. Interviewer: Okay. �4 Veteran: And I—so, I was there for 2 years. Interviewer: Alright. And what were you doing for the telephone company? Veteran: Well, they called it representative. You know, service representative. You know, when you come in to pay your bill. Interviewer: Okay. So, you were not an operator, you were somebody who kind of worked at a desk and helped people. Veteran: Yeah. Of course, we all started out with just being an—you know, a telephone operator where you plug in. Interviewer: Okay, so you learned how to do the telephone operator job. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: So, after that, then one day I noticed this post card—not post card, but… Interviewer: Like an announcement or…? (00:04:39) Veteran: A big… Interviewer: Poster? Veteran: And it said woman Marine. And I looked at it and I thought now there’s a uniform that I could wear every day. And the other, you know, the WACs and the— Interviewer: The WAVES. Veteran: --and the WAVES never turned really, you know… �5 Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now, what— Veteran: And I liked—felt that—I was probably doing something for the war effort just by being there in Wheeling in the telephone company. But that really stuck my eye. And so… Interviewer: Okay. Now, I’d like to back up the story a little bit. Before Pearl Harbor happened, were you paying any attention to the news and the war in Europe or things like that? Veteran: I don’t think so. Interviewer: Okay. How did you learn about Pearl Harbor? Veteran: Oh, well everybody heard. You know, that was on a Sunday. And it was, you know, a very big happening. Interviewer: Now, did you listen to the radio or just hear from other people? Veteran: We must have had it on the radio. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: I remember I was—we were practicing Christmas hymns. And it was, you know, the 7th of… Interviewer: December. (00:06:26) Veteran: December. And yes, it was just—everybody was caught up in that… Interviewer: Okay. Right. Now— Veteran: …the bombing at Pearl Harbor. �6 Interviewer: Right. Now, after—once the war started, how did that effect life in your hometown? Is there rationing or things like that? Veteran: Everybody tried to do something for the war effort. Everybody was caught up in it. And well, as you probably know, the automotive kind of came to a standstill and they, you know, started making planes and all that. We had like food stamps, I guess you would say. Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: And they were rationed. And everything was rationed I would say. Interviewer: Right. Now, because of your father’s business, could he get more gasoline or anything else than other people? Veteran: Probably but you know I wasn’t privy to that. Interviewer: Okay. Now, after you finished high school, were you still living at home? Veteran: I was. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. (00:08:16) Veteran: And I had no dependents. I was pretty free. I wasn’t engaged or anything like that. So, I was really very free to, you know, to leave. Of course, I had to get it by my mother and my dad. Interviewer: Now, what did they think of the idea of your joining? Veteran: Mother was always open for us to improve ourselves. And but my dad? You know, that was a little bit different because he said, “What does your mother think?” you know. And so, I had to get it past him. And I said, “You know, we will be supervised…” you know. So, in that �7 era, my dad—we had two brothers—dad seemed to cater to the boys and mother to the girls, the three girls. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: So anyway, I got the permission from both of them that, okay, I could try out. Interviewer: Okay. (00:10:06) Veteran: So, I went to Wheeling enrollment, but they didn’t have an enrollment for women Marines in Wheeling so we had to go to Pittsburgh, which was 50 miles away. So, the—there was one other girl and—who was about to—enlisting. So, her dad volunteered to take us, the two of us, to Wheeling—or to Pittsburgh. And so, he knew his way around Pittsburgh pretty well. We went to the Marine enrollment, you know. And he walked in and he said, “These two girls want to be Marines.” So, we enlisted that day and then we were like on call for a month or two until we were… Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: …notified. And so, then we— Interviewer: Now, when did you originally sign up? What year was that? Veteran: I do have it on my record there. In April, like April 14, in 1941. Interviewer: Or…’43? The record says ’43. ’41 was before Pearl Harbor. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: So… Veteran: It wasn’t ’41. It was…Well, it would have been…Let’s see… �8 Interviewer: Well… Veteran: I signed up in ’43. Interviewer: Yes. Okay. So, we have that. That’s what the record says. So, we are good. So, April of ’43 you sign up and then do you go home then and wait for them to contact you? (00:12:22) Veteran: Yeah, exactly. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And we—then they—I was notified in I think it was June. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And then we went to…Went to—well, I think we went once more to Pittsburgh. Interviewer: Maybe Pittsburgh, yeah. Veteran: We went to see them and we were still in civilian clothes. And from there then we went to—we were notified to go to Hunter College in New York City. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: So, we were on a Pullman. Interviewer: Because you took a train, yeah. Veteran: And we were met in New York by a woman Marine officer. And then from there, we went to Hunter College for I think it was 6 weeks. Interviewer: Okay. So, you are in bootcamp now. �9 Veteran: Basic, right. Interviewer: Okay. So, what was that training like? What happened to you at Hunter College? Veteran: You learn to march. We marched in the rain or whatever. There were men who were the callers and they taught us to march. Then we also were screened at that time. And we were fitted with uniforms. I would say we were beginning to feel like we were Marines, you know. (00:14:36) Interviewer: Okay. Now— Veteran: So, everybody was assigned and I was assigned to Marine headquarters in Arlington. Interviewer: Okay. Let’s talk a little bit more about that time at Hunter College. Now, when men trained as Marines, there is a lot of emphasis on discipline; following orders, punishing people who don’t do it. How much of that did you get? Was there—were they teaching you to follow orders? Veteran: We—that was very important and a very important part of our training. The discipline, you know. So, we—I think the one thing that I missed most was the privacy. You know, if you wanted to cry or you had to cry, there was—you know, we just didn’t have privacy. But anyway… Interviewer: Now, were you all in an open barracks? Veteran: At Hunter College we were just in dorms. Interviewer: Dorm rooms, okay. �10 Veteran: Yeah. When we left Hunter College, I think they were—it was very new places to barracks Interviewer: Yeah. (00:16:20) Veteran: And there were…I don’t know, I would say maybe a lot of us people who were working in civil service. They had a long barrack, a long row of rooms. And we were housed there and then as that opened up and we would be transferred by trucks—Marine trucks—to the city in Washington. Interviewer: So, were you— Veteran: To headquarters. It wasn’t that—we were in the Arlington or we were in, sometimes, we were in Maryland. And we would be transferred to wherever we were assigned. And I was Marine headquarters. And that’s just like right across from the Arlington Cemetery, really. You know, it’s on a hill. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: So, there I assigned the Marines—the male Marines—to their duty on their nights. And where other people worked. We—it was I think just, you know, assigning the men on their duties. Interviewer: So, you were in charge of just keeping track of duty assignments and who was supposed to be where. So, you were just in— (00:18:46) Veteran: I worked in an office. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Veteran: And that was my job. �11 Interviewer: Okay. Now, in that office, who else was in the office with you? Veteran: Probably 3 other Marine women and then the management was all male Marines. Interviewer: Okay. Now, were they sergeants or officers or…? Veteran: Well, what is the term for, you know, they are not—almost an officer but— Interviewer: Well, there is a warrant officer. Veteran: That’s it. Interviewer: Okay. There you go. See, she knows her stuff. Alright. Veteran: Yeah. And he was our—the, you know… Interviewer: He’s your supervisor? Veteran: The supervisor. Interviewer: Okay. Now, how did the male Marines there treat you? Veteran: Usually, they were very good. Of course, you know, they organized women to release more men. And, you know, so we took over. But on the whole, I didn’t encounter any, you know, resentment… Interviewer: Alright. (00:20:25) Veteran: …to women. In fact, I think they were so glad to have women around, you know because, you know, it got pretty boring. And they were probably not assigned for a very long time and then they’d be out, you know, so everything was a very short relationship. �12 Interviewer: Okay, so a lot of these men that you are dealing with come in for a short period of time and then are transferred out somewhere else. And a lot of them were new to the service or they had just gotten in and they had just left home and… Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: And you are a nice person who can talk to them. Veteran: And I remember one incident. The people like myself, the women Marines, that were in very early in the organization, we would have the opportunity to go out on a subsistence [allowance] and many people in Washington D.C. were eager to make some money, rent out a room for four girls or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And so, we—before the barracks were finished in Henderson—that’s where the barracks were—we would have the opportunity to maybe go into a subsistence, what they called subsistence. (00:22:31) Interviewer: So, you are renting a room in a private home or apartment building or something. Veteran: Exactly. Interviewer: Yeah. And did you do that? Veteran: Yes. We did that from time to time. When they got—we first saw maybe a note in our luggage. And we—they would transfer us to a home. Interviewer: Okay. �13 Veteran: And maybe there would be four, you know, living in this home. And we would be able to come to the barracks that were accommodating some of the people who enlisted later on. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: But there weren’t quite enough barracks yet for all the women Marines in Washington. So, you know, we had the opportunity to go into other places. Interviewer: Now, when you lived off base, did you live in Arlington or Washington or where were you? Veteran: Some of—most of them were in Washington. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And before we went to Washington, we were in, as I mentioned, Maryland. They had some—a lot of places, but I imagine were built for the…You know, the people who worked in what’s—what I am trying to say, that worked in my—in social security. (00:24:31) Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now, while you are…So, when you are based at Arlington and you have your job and you are going in, did you have a lot of free time in the evenings? I mean, did you just work a day job? Or a night shift? Or what did you have? Veteran: Yeah, well we were all on a limited—I think it was 9 o’clock at night I think was the… Interviewer: Was that a curfew? You had to be in by 9? Veteran: Curfew, yeah. Interviewer: Okay. �14 Veteran: So, we had to be off the streets at that time. But to—we were—there were USO clubs and things to see other than—like the museums and so on. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay, but when you were living off the base, did you still have to be inside by 9? Or did you have more freedom? Veteran: Oh definitely. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: Because they had, you know, security on the streets, you know. But what did they call them? Interviewer: Could be military police or— Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: --Navy shore patrols and things like that. Veteran: Military police. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Veteran: And so, yes, everything was supervised. Interviewer: Okay. Now, how long were you at Arlington? (00:26:18) Veteran: In Washington D.C.? Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: 19 months. Interviewer: Okay. �15 Veteran: And then I volunteered to—when they opened up Honolulu, or Pearl Harbor, I volunteered to go. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: It was all volunteer. Interviewer: Alright. Now before we get there, when you think about the time that you spent in Washington and that area, are there particular things that happened that stand out for you? Or people or events that you remember? Veteran: Well, we were—in Washington, there were a lot of important people coming into the city. Every time that happened and every holiday, it would be a big march, which was really a lot of the time that we did because—I shouldn’t say a lot of the time, but those were things that I think they wanted to impress on people coming in. And so, we did a lot of marching. Interviewer: Okay. So, they had the women Marines marching in parades or welcoming people. Veteran: Parades, right. Interviewer: Yeah, parades. Okay. Veteran: Yeah. Other than that, we—I was working in an office and had the opportunity to go to the barracks for our mess hall. And so, it was…Pretty much day to day we would be transferred when we were living out of the barracks—or I should say when we were transferred into the barracks and we would be transferred in a Marine truck into the, you know, city. Interviewer: Okay. (00:28:51) Veteran: So, Arlington is very close to Washington D.C. �16 Interviewer: Right. Veteran: So, you know… Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now, did—when you went to the mess hall, for instance, were you there with the men as well and everyone together? Veteran: No, it was all women. Interviewer: Okay. So, they kept you apart so that— Veteran: Oh yes. We were not—they had their own—they were in from Quantico. Interviewer: Okay, alright. Okay, so you made a trip to Annapolis. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: So, talk—tell us about that. Veteran: Well, it was just like an overnight. So, I don’t know how we were transferred. It must have been on a bus. And it cost—we had to pay for the transportation. And this one girl who was going with us, she could not come up with the money. And we said, “Well here, just call—get in touch with your parents.” She was from Portland, Oregon. And she said, “Well, I’ve never asked them for anything.” (00:30:30) Veteran: But anyway, we encouraged her and she did. So, I said, “Well, what do your parents do?” She said, “They are both attorneys.” And she was afraid to even ask for probably $20, you know. So anyway, they sent the money and so, yes. So, we just toured the Annapolis and all the men that we joined up with were all officers—ensigns, probably. And we were all enlisted. And that didn’t set very well with the people in Annapolis, you know. They said, “Well, you really should, you know, cater to the…. officers.” �17 Interviewer: Yeah. Well, they did not want officers and enlisted fraternizing. They did not do that. Veteran: Yeah. I remember that was—the women were all enlisted and the men were all officers. So, they were—we just toured the place. And I can’t remember any great meals or anything. We, you know, somewhere or another we—it’s been a long time ago, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: So, all I remember is we had a great time. Interviewer: Okay. Now, when you are on the base back in Arlington or in Washington, were there rules about personal relationships? I mean, were you allowed to date any of the men? (00:32:28) Veteran: Oh yeah. Yeah. And most of the time, you know…Most of the time it was enlisted people with enlisted people. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: But that’s not to say that there weren’t a lot of officers with enlisted women, you know. Interviewer: But there was not a problem with enlisted men and enlisted women going out or whatever. Veteran: No, no. In the private school in Annapolis, you know, they probably… Interviewer: Well, that was a little different because that’s the military academy. So, they are a little different there. But on your base, for the regular personnel, there was not a problem. �18 Veteran: Right. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now, during that 19 months you are in Washington, did you ever go back home? Or did you just— Veteran: Oh yes, we had liberty. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And we would—most of the time, we were able to get home for Christmas, Thanksgiving maybe. Interviewer: Okay. Now, did you have any brothers in the service? Veteran: Yes, I had 2. Interviewer: And what did your brothers do? Veteran: My one brother was in the radio and he was—you know, they had a select[ive] service, which was really before Pearl Harbor. And he—there would be, you know, their name would be called and they would select. Interviewer: Right. Well, like drafted? (00:34:18) Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: So, he was in radio at that time. My other brother—and he was married and had a child. So, he, you know, didn’t touch those people until long—maybe ’44? Interviewer: Yeah. �19 Veteran: You know? And so, he went right into the infantry. And he went overseas. Interviewer: Did he go to Europe or to the Pacific? Or…? Where did he go? Veteran: Alsace. Interviewer: Okay, so France. Yeah. Veteran: And I can’t…I would have to… Interviewer: Okay. But he was in the European theater. Veteran: Oh definitely. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: I was in Washington when my one brother was going through to go overseas. So, that was nice. We met: he with a buddy and me with a friend, a girlfriend. And you know we sat around and didn’t do much, just until his train was up. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: That was…Yeah, he—it was good to see him before he left, you know. But they were—they both got through their Army and they were both in the Army. Interviewer: Okay. (00:36:17) Veteran: And also, the one boy that—one brother—that was in radio, he too went overseas about the same time. So, he was stateside quite a while. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And then he went over. And they both survived the war. �20 Interviewer: Very good. Okay. Veteran: But my one brother said he felt his time was near being—losing his life in some way because he saw so many die or the sister ship he saw go down. Interviewer: Okay. So, he was in a convoy going across the Atlantic and another ship sank? Okay. Veteran: And just to see your friends, you know…It was pretty…So, he felt his time would be… Interviewer: Yeah. Well, if he was in the infantry late in the war, there was a lot of hard fighting in northeastern France and then even going into Germany. So, the area he was in was hotly contested in ’44 into early ’45. So, he would have—he might have seen a lot there. Yeah. Veteran: Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: So anyway, when—I guess I did say that we now prepared to go to Pearl Harbor. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: To Honolulu. Interviewer: Right. Okay, so how did they get you to Pearl Harbor? (00:38:13) Veteran: How did we get there? Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: Oh, on a ship 5 days. I went on the Matsonia, which was a luxury—an old—luxury liner. 5 days. Sick the whole time. And but when we disembarked, it was beautiful. The highlight �21 of my career, you might say, because I was able to walk off the ship. And we were greeted…300 sailors, you know. And everybody welcomed us. And they had built a barracks. Our barracks were ready for us. Interviewer: Now, was that right there by Pearl Harbor or around that area? Veteran: It was on Pearl Harbor. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And then I—at first, I was assigned to the post office, which was right on Pearl Harbor. But that was in, you know, ’44. You could still see the smoke. But I didn’t get near the Atlantic. Interviewer: Well, the Arizona? Veteran: The Arizona. Interviewer: Yeah, because that was the ship that blew up and part of it was still sticking up. Yeah. Now, were you the first women Marines there? Veteran: Not the first, but probably the third group. Interviewer: Okay. And then about how many women Marines were at that base, do you think? Veteran: At the base? Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: I don’t…I wouldn’t venture to say. Interviewer: Do you know how many women Marines came out in your group? When you landed, how many of you were there? (00:40:27) �22 Veteran: Yeah, I am trying to think about how many were on the ship, you know, going over. I will backtrack there and say from Washington we went to San Diego to train. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: For 6 weeks. Interviewer: So, what kind of training did you get in San Diego? Veteran: Well, we had to make sure we knew how to swim. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: We exercised. That was—and that’s, you know, a real base for the Marines, for the male Marines. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: So, then from there, it’s always a time when you have to just sit and wait for the right time to go. And so, we mailed—we left from there from some…It wasn’t San Francisco because we came back from San Francisco. So, it was…I don’t know. Interviewer: Probably out of San Diego or Long Beach. Veteran: Probably. Interviewer: Or some place, yeah. Veteran: Someplace near San Diego, you know. And as I said, 5 days on the ship. Interviewer: Okay. �23 Veteran: And so, then we were assigned as I say. And left in the barracks, double deck barracks. And we had to, you know, have our night—you know, 2-4 you had to have your…You probably can tell me the terms of these things at night. It’s hard for me to pull it all out. (00:42:54) Interviewer: So, they have—you’re talking about bed checks, or you have to be in bed by a certain time? Veteran: Well, and you were always assigned, just like I was assigning people in Washington. Well, over there, I was being assigned. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And you had to, you know, peruse—go through all these—barracks and, you know, you’d usually get on a 2-hour shift. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And mine always seemed to be 2-4, you know. I was always kind of hesitant to…You know, I wasn’t too brave about walking up and down these corridors and, you know, hear all these… Interviewer: Okay. So, you are basically making sure everyone else is where they are supposed to be. Veteran: Exactly. Interviewer: And nothing funny is happening in the barracks. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. �24 Veteran: Yeah. So, sometimes I would, you know, encourage someone to go with me, which was crazy. But anyway, I was—you know, you hear all these funny sounds at night, you know. And one of the things I do remember was the night before we—are you looking at something? (00:44:41) Interviewer: No, I just saw somebody walking around out front. Veteran: Oh, okay. The night before we left, everybody was bedded down and you would hear this voice in the darkness preparing us for what we would encounter overseas, and what we might encounter. And it was such a wonderful talk to prepare us, you know. I think that was maybe that one time that I thought this could be really scary, you know. And before that, maybe I thought well, it’s just an adventure to get over to Honolulu. But she pointed out how important this particular venture was. So, but anyway, I was over in Honolulu. That was the city. Interviewer: Yep. Veteran: And Pearl Harbor was where the post office was. So, we—I was just over there for 7 months until the war ended. Interviewer: Right. Now, while you were there, could you get liberty and go to the beach and go into town and…? (00:46:29) Veteran: We had liberty, yeah. you had to apply for it, you had to have a—you know—pass. And you had to present that wherever you were. Interviewer: Okay, now— Veteran: Wherever you went, you had a time limit. �25 Interviewer: When you went off the base, did you wear your uniform or did you get to wear civilian? Veteran: We could wear civilian. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now— Veteran: And it was a great time to do it too, you know. Just to pretend like you were there visiting. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: But there were a lot of people over there who lived over there, you know. And they would invite us for parties and, you know…And it just so happened that I had a distant cousin who was a chaplain. And so, he had a lot of contacts. And so, there were I think just more or less that there were a lot of opportunities maybe to meet other people, to—and to meet some of the people who lived there. Interviewer: Right. (00:48:11) Veteran: And this chaplain took us to—took me—to a place like a convent of nuns. And I think now I wish I had a picture of that. But anyway, and being over in Pearl Harbor, they did give us opportunities to visit Diamond Head and you know all of the… Interviewer: The tourist places? Veteran: Absolutely. Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: So, I know I—it’s been hard for me to pull up this thing at 99. �26 Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: You know, but so I just hope you have been… Interviewer: Okay. Now, did you meet your husband in Hawaii? Veteran: Yes, at the—a friend of his…He was in the Army and a friend of his was to marry a woman Marine. So, I was invited by her and my husband was invited by the male, the groom. And it was in a little, you know, church. And then we had a little reception after. And I…When I met my husband at the reception, we just kind of took to each other. And he managed to—I don’t know how he did it—but we were all transported by truck, except the officers would have a jeep. And so, he took one of the jeeps afterwards and took me back to the back barracks. And he was up for—what do they call it? You know, when you have to report for being like AOL— (00:50:54) Interviewer: AWOL? Well yeah, so he is... Veteran: Or something like that, you know. So, an officer called him up and so he had to explain what happened. And but anyway, that was in June. And then the war ended in… Interviewer: In August. August? Veteran: Yeah. Yeah, August 15th. Interviewer: Now, what branch of the service was your husband in? Veteran: He was in intelligence. Interviewer: Was he in the Army? Veteran: Army. �27 Interviewer: Army, yeah. Okay. Alright. And was—and he was an enlisted man? Veteran: He was. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: That’s why he got in trouble for taking the jeep, right? Veteran: Yeah. But this distant cousin of mine who was a chaplain, you know, he was just so this man, but I didn’t know whether I really wanted…There were other things in the world that I thought maybe I might like to do, you know. And the service was—the Marine Corps—well, all of the services were very generous with education and GI Bill and all that. (00:52:27) Veteran: You know? So, I don’t know whether I would have agreed to get married at that time or not. But as it happened, the war ended and my husband was—had been in the service for four years so he was one of the first to be discharged. And he came back I think in September and I came back in November on another ship, the Solace. That was a hospital ship. And I was only sick for two or three days because they had some, I don’t know, saline solution or something to get me on my feet. And so, I kind of enjoyed the—you know, the… Interviewer: You got a good ocean voyage this time. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Now, where was your husband from? Veteran: Michigan but… Interviewer: Okay. �28 Veteran: Wyandotte. Interviewer: Alright. Now, had you—were you writing to each other or stayed in communication? Veteran: Yeah. I guess we…But we had planned to get married. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And—which we did. I was…I came back in November and we were married in November, the last part of November. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: So, then it’s whole different… Interviewer: Alright. Well, what kinds of things did you—after you got out of the military, you got married. Now, did you take a job after that? Or what did you do? (00:54:35) Veteran: For 9 months, my husband worked for the Veterans Affairs. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: In Wyandotte. And I learned how to cook. I think he was tired of poached eggs in the winter and strawberries and ice cream in the summertime. So, he presented me with a couple good house keeping books. And so, but I still wanted to do something more. Take advantage of the opportunities that was offered. Well, he wasn’t open to a 4-year college, so we settled for 2years of business college in Detroit. I don’t know whether you are familiar with downtown Detroit, but it was in the Pugh building. Interviewer: Okay. �29 Veteran: So, we graduated from there. Business, bookkeeping, type shorthand. I don’t think that shorthand is—people don’t even know what it is. Interviewer: They don’t learn shorthand anymore. Not too often. Veteran: We learned shorthand. Interviewer: Yeah. (00:56:07) Veteran: And, you know, men had secretaries. Now, the men have their own computers and do it themselves, you know. But anyway, my husband didn’t—after we graduated, he went with Ford, I went with GM. And so, that—I don’t think he was very comfortable that we were separated by the different automotive companies. He thought maybe I should be, you know, where he was in Ford. But anyway, that worked out fine. And I was in GM overseas. That was my—and I was doing secretarial work. I don’t know whether you want that. Interviewer: Well, I was just curious. Did you continue to work after you had children? Or did you leave when you started to have kids? Veteran: When I—after we were married about 4 or 5 years, I thought yeah, it’s time. You know, we should have…In that time, we had gone to business college. And I had worked a couple years. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: And I…So, we had—I stopped working and we had 3 children. And then I thought, oh, I want to go back to school or something as soon as that first one is able to stay home by herself if she had a cold, you know. So, then I started. Madonna College was, you know, there in the city that we were living in. We were living in Livonia at that time. �30 Interviewer: Right. (00:58:38) Veteran: So, I went and I talked to these nuns. And I said, “I don’t think I am going to have anymore children.” And I wanted her to say well that’s fine, you know. And so, I said, “I just thought maybe I would like to get a little more education.” And she said, “Well, what would you like to do?” And I said—the only thing I could think of was home ec, you know. And she said, “Well, we will start with history and English.” You know? So, I did part time in those subjects. And then—from then, I went to…We had the—I don’t—I think it was maybe the city or I don’t know who it was that offered this occupational therapy assistant. Excuse me. Yeah. So, I thought that sounds like what I would really like to do. And it was only a one-year course. And then you could be certified as an assistant. Interviewer: Alright. Now, we were talking about the education you got after you had kids. And you went into occupational therapy. So, you did a one-year program for that. And then, did you get a job in that field? (01:00:48) Veteran: I got a job with—in physical at—with the VA hospital. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And that was in Allen Park, at that time. And I worked and I have some pictures of that. I have…Let’s see. From there I think I was there four years. And then I went back to school. That occupational therapy course was given at Schoolcraft College. And it was the first year that they had the… Interviewer: That program? �31 Veteran: That program. Yeah. And there was a—our tutor was from Wayne State. She came and she was very good. Registered…You know… Interviewer: Nurse? Veteran: Occupational therapist. Interviewer: Occupational therapist, okay. (01:02:18) Veteran: But anyway, so after that, then I went back to Schoolcraft and I just got another degree in general studies. And then I… Interviewer: Well, did you continue to work? Did you go back to work again? Veteran: No…I think for a while I went to Schoolcraft. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: And then, we had a Right to Read program and I went through that at Madonna. And then…You know, I can’t remember. Oh, well then when I did get through the—I graduated from Madonna College with a degree. And then I did substitute teaching. I thought, you know, I was like 54 years old then. And I surely didn’t want to take on a class, you know, full time. So, I remember the first time I went in to have the—you know…Yeah, and so the next after that day— after—the teacher wanted me to come back, you know, the next day. And I said, “I don’t think they like me.” And she said, “Oh, that’s the way they always act.” So, then I made the adjustment and I—you know, I did substitute teaching for quite a while. (01:04:47) Interviewer: Okay. And where were you doing that? Which towns? Veteran: Where what? �32 Interviewer: Where were you substitute teaching? Veteran: Oh, just in Livonia. Interviewer: Okay. Now, were you doing high school or elementary? Veteran: Yes, it was one of those from kindergarten through high school. Interviewer: Oh, okay. All in one school? Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: So, I could have the, you know, the advantage of every one. Then substitute teaching kind of dwindled. Maybe—I don’t know why? But maybe some people dropped out. There wasn’t that need. And so, then I went into…Oh, like recreation therapy. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: You know, like that type of thing with some of the older…what do I say? You know, when they have occupational and also exercise. Interviewer: Right. (01:06:25) Veteran: Different activities. In several different… Interviewer: Yeah. With hospitals or— Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Alright. Now, so you did a lot of different things after you got out of the military. �33 Veteran: Why, I did. I did. And then for a hobby, I had always—as a kid—little girls were always encouraged to take piano, you know. So, I did a little of that. And when—after all these other things, I decided to—you know, to play piano you just had to keep practicing all the time. So, I took up keyboard. And I really enjoyed that. And I could make, you know, music sound pretty nice. But anyway, that was…But then, you know, things started to go. My eyes—I couldn’t see as well as I used to be able to. So… Interviewer: Alright. Well, to think back to the time that you spent in the Marine Corps, what do you think you learned from that experience or how did that effect you? (01:08:20) Veteran: What did I learn about it? Interviewer: Well, from being in the Marines, yeah. Veteran: For being…Just as I wrote here, and it was—this is what I learned, I think. You can read that, I can’t. Interviewer: You can go ahead. Veteran’s Daughter: It says—Mom said her memorable experience was: Being involved in World War 2 as a member of the Marine Corps was a once in a lifetime experience. Learning about discipline and how to carry out orders were very much a part of our day. During my two and a half years of service, most of which were spent in the clerical field, I was assigned to Arlington, Virginia, and Hawaii. Out of this wartime experience came lasting friendships, the most significant of which was meeting my husband in Hawaii. �34 Interviewer: Okay. And then, while we were off camera here, you also mentioned that at least one of your friends from Arlington kept in touch with you. And gave you a wedding present? Or…What was that story? Veteran: What was your question? Interviewer: Well, I just wanted you to tell us about how she found you or how you… Veteran: Oh, the wedding gift. Interviewer: Yeah. (01:10:02) Veteran: Betty Mitchell. And she was in Baltimore. Had horses. And so, she was going from coast to coast to visit her former Marines. And I think got back—our stop in downtown Detroit was—probably would have been her first. So, she was there for overnight. And we took her to the Statler and had another boy—she wasn’t married. So, we got her one of our friends so four of us, you know. Had a lovely evening at the Statler Hotel. And then when she left, yes, she said, “Don’t you have any china?” And I said, “No. You know, we were just married like that…Married in the uniforms when we got back.” So, then she sent these Audubon plates with the Audubon birds on them. And Amy has these. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: So, that was…You know…But if you look in that envelope that has the…Yeah, the— well, I just wanted to… (01:12:18) Interviewer: There you are. Let’s see, that is a graduation picture. Now, do you have— there’s the larger portrait picture of her in uniform. Can we pull that one? Because I can �35 just…That first one there, yeah. Because that one…And then that is her in her flashy Marine Corps uniform. Alright. Veteran: I—when I was discharged, I was a sergeant. Interviewer: A sergeant, yes. You have only got your one stripe in that picture. But you got three. Okay. And then the wedding picture. Alright. Now, let’s see if we can get that one there. There we go. Now, one miscellaneous question while I think of it: did the Marine Corps have limits on how long your hair could be? Did they make women cut their hair or just…? Veteran: I think it had to be above the shoulder. But they were very strict at first, you know? What the women wore and the hat was designed by…I wish I could tell you the name…Something like Knox or, you know, isn’t there… Interviewer: But by a fashion designer or…? Veteran: Well, they really had a nice uniform. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Well, all of this makes for a very good story, so I am just going to close here and thank you for taking the time to share it today. Veteran: Well, I’ll thank you for spending the time and coming. Interviewer: Alright. (01:14:33) �36 On file at the Women in Military Service For America Memorial: Poster: �37 United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve: Brother and sister newspaper announcement • Sep 1942: �38 Immunization card • Jun 29, 1943: �39 Tribute paid to Women Marine Corps • 1944: �40 I'm in the Marine Corps: �41 Moving into the new barracks at Henderson Hall • 1943: �42 Rita E Vogler • 1943: �43 Farwell parade for Gen Waller 1943-1944: �44 Franciscan Monastery • Aug 13, 1944: �45 All American kids! • 1944: �46 Rita in DC • Aug 1944: �47 Sightseeing in DC • Aug 13, 1944: A night out • 1944: �48 Rita and Nancy Saunders • 1944: �49 Dinner out with my pals • 1944: Fooling around • 1943: �50 On the base • 1943: 1943: �51 1944: �52 When one of your Marine Corps buddies has a brother at Annapolis! • 1944: Sightseeing in Annapolis, MD • 1944: �53 Apr 10, 1945: Enjoying a lunch out • 1944: �54 Mar 1945: �55 Father Bernard and me • 1945: Fr. Bernard knew a brother of a girl in this group. He brought us all together for a casual afternoon to socialize. • 1945: �56 Honolulu • 1945: 1945: �57 The day I would meet my future husband at this wedding • 1945: �58 Leaving the wedding: �59 Honorable Discharge • Nov 16, 1945: �60 United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve: �61 Our Wedding Picture 11/27/45: �62 After discharge Bob and I attended Detroit Commercial College • 1946: I attended Schoolcraft College to get my certification as an Occupational Therapy Assistant • Jul 25, 1969: �63 Associate degree in General Studies • Aug 15, 1974: I continued my education at Madonna College getting a BA in Social Science • May 5, 1977: �64 I live at Botsford Commons - Farmington Hills, MI now. Here are a few of our resident veterans that gathered to mark Veteran's Day: �65 My Marine insignia pin • 1943: �66 Women's Military Memorial: � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AdamsR2357V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adams, Rita Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-06 Title A name given to the resource Adams, Rita (Interview transcript and video), 2021 Description An account of the resource Rita (Vogler) Adams was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, on February 7th, 1922. She grew up during the Great Depression. She lived in Wheeling until the age of 21. Rita attended high school at a girls’ private school, which she graduated from in 1940. After high school, Rita worked at a telephone company for 2 years. She then enlisted in the Marine Corps on April 14th, 1943 during World War 2. She completed her basic training at Hunter College in New York City, New York. After completing her training, Rita was assigned to work in an office at Marine headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. After 19 months in her position in Arlington, Virginia, she volunteered to be sent to work at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. Prior to being sent to Honolulu, Rita was sent to train for 6 weeks in San Diego, California, to ensure that she was able to swim well and was physically fit. Her husband, Robert Adams, was in the Army, and she first met him while they were both stationed in Hawaii. Rita was honorably discharged from the military in 1945 after World War 2 ended, at which point she was a sergeant. Rita and Robert were married on November 27th, 1945. After leaving the service in 1945, Rita eventually attended 2 years of business college in Detroit, Michigan. She then completed training at Schoolcraft College to become an occupational therapy assistant. Rita later attended Madonna College, where she earned her bachelor’s degree in social science. She worked as a substitute teacher in schools in Livonia, Michigan, towards the end of her career. Rita currently lives in Farmington Hills, Michigan. Note: This video has images of photos and documents embedded it that help to illustrate different parts of her story. The images are from her personal collection. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource George, Amy M. (Interviewer) Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c1e1bc0d522f3b4097a77e3ab3762605.jpg b7909d518f5904ebf0f83f2ce66ef47b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AdamskiJoseph Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Adamski, Joseph Description An account of the resource Joseph Adamski, Computer Science Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3e2f0049812b3b229b7258ab2292039c.pdf 5db6a762a7a50e1f0fc454b8f9bab566 PDF Text Text ~bbison tlrotunsbtp ~lanntng etommission ©aklanb <ttountp, ffltcbtgan �'FROM THE'. ( !BRAR'( 0~ · . Planning & Zoning Center, fr£:!. MASTER PLAN PLANNING COMMISSION ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN WZACNY &McKENNA ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED Architecture• Community Planning• Urban Design 717 Penobscot Building Detroit, Michigan 48226 and 237 North Woodward Avenue Birmingham, Michigan 48226 ADOPTED BY PLANNING COMMISSION: September 13, 1983 I I �TOVVNSHIP OF ADDISON September 13, 1983 Board of Trustees Addison Township 1440 Rochester Road Leonard, Michigan 48038 Dear Board Members: We hereby present to you the Addison Township Master Plan. It has been prepared in accordance with the Township Planning Act, Act 168 of the Public Acts of 1959, as amended. In preparing the Plan, we have held a public hearing and considered all comments which were made. Subsequently, the Plan has been unanimously approved by the Zoning Coordinating Committee of the Oakland County Board of Commissioners. ' II 'I The purpose of the Plan is to provide a guide for the future development of the Township, recognizing the need to preserve the natural environment of our community. The Plan includes: a review and analysis of existing conditions and trends, goals for the future, a sound plan for land use and circulation, and implementation recommendations. Based upon present knowledge, technology and goals, the Plan represents our best thinking; however, the Plan is flexible so that it can be changed when the Township sees the need for change. It contains sound planning concepts which will guide the Planning Commission in its recommendations to you, and should serve as a guide for both public and private development decisions. We are proud to transmit the results of our efforts to you. We believe that planning is a continuous process and that it is essential that the Plan be periodically reviewed and evaluated. We look forward to working with you to maintain our fine community. Respectfully submitted, ADDISON TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION 1440 ROCHESTER ROAD LEONARD, MICHIGAN 48038 628-3317 - 628-5409 �I I I Acknowledgements I I I I I I I TOWNSHIP BOARD Robert W. Ousnamer, Supervisor Raymond E. Terry, Treasurer Mary Ann Thompson, Clerk Albert J. Patrell, Trustee Thomas Patch, Trustee PLANNING COMMISSION I I I I Arthur Shaw, Chairman Robert Koski, Vice-Chairman Barbara Stafford, Secretary Florence Mortimer Ronald Rolando Robert W. Ousnamer Fred Creamer Robert Spaulding* Marvin Acheson* TOWNSHIP PLANNING CONSULTANT Wzacny and McKenna Associates, Inc. I I I I *former members -i- I �Table of Contents Page IJ IJ IJ IJ IJ II II Title Page Transmittal Letter Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables and Maps i ii i ii Addison Township l SURVEY AND ANALYSIS Existing Land Use Population and Housing Circulation Environmental Concerns and Resources 2 8 18 21 GOALS AND GUIDELINES Goals and Objectives Development Guidelines 27 29 PLAN ELEMENTS Land Use Plan Circulation Plan Community Facilities 36 44 46 IMPLEMENTATION ' 'II Implementation Strategies 48 I- ' 'L -ii- �-- List of Tables & Maps Ill Ill II I I Ill II II II Ill II II II II J Table No. Page 1: Existing Land Use, 1983 2 2: Change in Number of Persons - 1960, 1970 and 1980 8 3: Number of Housing Units and Vacancy, 1970 - 1980 9 4: Occupied Dwelling Units (D.U.'s), 1970 - 1980 10 5: Population Per Dwelling Units, 1960, 1970, and 1980 11 6: Age and Sex of Population, 1970 and 1980 12 7: Dwelling Units Based on Residential Building Permits 13 8: Year Structure Built 14 9: Value of Owner Occupied Units, 1980 15 10: Population and Housing Projections, 1980 - 2000 16 Maps Follows Page 1. Existing Land Use 2. Ci rcul at ion 19 3. Land Use and Circulation Plan 36 2 -iii- ------. �• • • _, Addison Township Settlement The first record of land ownership in Addison Township dates to January, 1826 when Addison Township was slowly becoming the home for settlers primarily arriving from New England, Pennsylvania and New York. Early land purchases were sometimes by speculators who purchased property, often sight unseen, from the General Land Office in Detroit, later selling the property at a profit to the settlers. The Township, originally surveyed in 1818, was then described as "poor, barren,burnt,timber land, hilly, badly timbered and swampy". The first roads were improved Indian trails and later constructed along section lines, curving around hills, trees and swamps. The road layout established during this period is essentially the same pattern which exists today. Farming, lumbering and milling were a few of the main occupations until the early 1900's when farming eventually became the primary occupation. The last 50 years have seen a dramatic reduction in overall agricultural production in the Township; hence, its evolution as a rural-residential community. Early settlements in the Township were the Lakeville area and the Village of Leonard. Lakeville, was established due to its location adjacent to the mill stream. One of the larger gristmills was located in Lakeville as its power was provided by the stream which meandered through this area. Lakeville Lake was formed as a result of a dam constructed to control the flow of the stream for the gristmill. As the mill operation continued, a post office, small shops, two hotels and other businesses located in the Lakeville area. The Village of Leonard was established due to the location of the railroad and Rochester Road. Leonard, because of the location of the transportation links, became the hub of activity in the northern section of the Township. A post office, several churches, a hotel, factories and small businesses soon located in the Leonard area. Regional Context Addison Township is situated in the northeast corner of Oakland County approximately 45 miles north of Detroit. The Township is isolated from the major commercial and industrial centers of the Detroit area; however, county roads which traverse the Township provide direct transportation to commercial areas and major interstate routes. Addison Township Planning Prior to a Planning Commission,Addison Township's zoning issues were handled by a Zoning Board. The Zoning Board was responsible only to hear zoning change requests. When it became clear that the Township should address itself to planning matters beyond zoning, a Planning Commission was established in April, 1968. Through the formation of the Planning Commission under the Township Planning Act, organization of a Planning Commission allows the Township to become more responsive to planning related issues as well as functioning as an advisory body regarding rezoning requests. _,_ �I __ SU_R_V_E_Y_&_A_N_A_LY_S_IS_ _ _ _ _ _ I I I I J J �Existing Land Use A fundamental procedure prior to the formulation of a community master plan is to perform an analysis of existing land uses. This analysis not only identifies what and where particular uses have occurred,it also provides an insight to where future development might occur and where conflicts may exist or develop. Map l delineates eleven existing land use categories in addition to public and private rights-of-way and water bodies: agricultural; agricultural residential; single family residential (under ten acres) single family residential (ten acres or more); single family residential (mobile home park); commercial; industrial; public; commercial recreation; institutional quasi-public; transmission line (Detroit Edison right-of-way); and vacant land. In addition to graphic representation of existing land uses, Table l summarizes land uses by amount, in acreage and percent of total Township land area. The land use data which appear in Table l were formulated as a result of field surveys conducted in December, 1982 and January, 1983. TABLE l EXISTING LAND USE, 1983* ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND courin, MICHIGAN Acreage Percent of Total Area Agricultural (includes Agricultural/Residential) 4692.3 20. l Single Family Residential (under ten acres) 1419.4 6. l Single Family Residential (over 10 acres) 3091.3 13. 3 Single Family Residential (Mobile Home Park) 38.8 .2 Commercial 21.2 .l Industrial 170.0 .7 Commercial Recreation 502.75 2~2 Institutional Quasi-Public 341.65 1.5 Public 645.0 2.8 Transmission Line 152.20 .7 Water 679.5 Land Use Categories -2- 2.9 �_J r--v\, \ rv \)\ \"\ scale: l~liL~1 ~ _______,j Ch1stopher Wzacny & Associates, Incorporated Architectll'e · COlfflUlity Planning· lkban Desl{Jl ...... ~oit,t.tchigan DATlt: 1NI 80UJICI: OAKLAND COUfTY OE"Nl'nlmff 01' WOMI September, 1983 ~ 01' l'\AMetCt /' .__; .... MAP 1 EXISTING LAND USE mmffiilli AGRICULTURAL llliillilliltl - > > SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL AOAICUL TUA AL RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL TEN ACRES AND OVER SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL UNOEA TEN ACRES - SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL MOBILE HOME COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC D COMMERCIAL RECREATION ' INSTITUTIONAL /QUASI-PUBLIC TRANSMISSION LINE VACANT ADDISON TOWNSHIP• OAKLAND COUNTY• MICHIGAN �(Table 1 continued) Percent of Total Area Land Use Categories Acreage Vacant 11548~65 49.4 23302.8 100.0 Total *Source: Field Survey, Wzacny &McKenna Associates, Inc., January, 1983. Following is a brief definition regarding each of the existing land use classifications: Agricultural: Land parcels containing ten acres or more used predominantly or wholly as cultivated farmland, with or without related farm structures. Single Family Residential: (under 10 acres) Improved single land parcels located in a single family residential subdivision or in areas containing typically large lot single family residential structures. Single Family Residential: (ten acres or more): Improved single land parcels located in predominantly low density rural residential areas adjacent to large acreage parcels. Single Family Residential: (mobile home park or mobile home): Planned mobile home parks and mobile homes located on single family residential lots. Commercial: Improved land parcels used for wholesale, retail, office or commercial services including those predominantly used as commercial on primary thoroughfares. Industri a1: Improved 1and parce 1s used predominantly for industry, natura 1 gas processing or regulating or storage, and parcels used for surface mining and processing of gravel, stone, materials. Commercial Recreation: Land parcels, either improved or unimproved, used for private, commercial non-intensive activities including golf courses, skiing or commercial stables. Institutional Quasi-Public: Land parcels, either improved or unimproved, which are held in private interest; however, exempt from real property taxation plus loc·a1 streets or access ways, contiguous or associated with such parcels of land. Public: Land parcels, either improved or unimproved, which are held in the public interest and exempt from real taxation, plus any local street or access way, contiguous or associated with such parcels. Transmission Line: Land parcels, which collectively include the area utilized by the Detroit Edison Company for use as electrical transmission line right-ofway. L -3- �Water: Unimproved areas of inland depressions consistently filled with standing water supplied by streams, ground water or springs. Vacant: All parcels not included in one of the above definitions. The existing land uses in Map 1 and Table 1 illustrate a number of concerns and resources within the Township which are significant in future land use proposals and development decision-making. Following is a discussion regarding each specific existing land use in Addison Township: Agricultural: Agricultural land use in the Township represents the largest active land use category occupying twenty (20) percent or 4692.3 acres of al I land in the Township. Although agricultural land use has been slowly split and rezoned to a residential classification, it remains an integral land use and function in the Township. According to Map 1, the largest agricultural parcels are located in the northern half of the Township and occupy 80 to 160 acre tracts. The largest agricultural uses are located in the northeast and northwest quadrants and along Lake George Road north of the Grand Trunk Western right-of-way. To the south, agricultural uses are less predominant and located on smaller parcels. The largest agricultural use is located near Yule Road and Townsend Road occupying approximately eighty (80) acres. The southern portion of the Township (defined as being south of Lakeville and Mack Roads) has experienced the greatest lot split and subdivision activity which has splintered the agricultural property into smaller tracts and increased the amount of single family residential development in the area. · Single Family Residential: (ten acres or more) These areas include lands which have been split from larger agricultural parcels and large tracts which include a residence and the remainder of the property. These parcels range from ten acres to forty acres and are dispersed throughout the Township. This land use occupies 3091.3 acres or 13 percent of all land in the Township. One purpose for defining and locating these parcels is to illustrate the number of large lot parcels which have the potential to be split into smaller parcels. It is common in Addison Township for a forty acre or larger parcel to be split into four or more ten acre parcels which have the potential to be split again into smaller parcels. As mentioned earlier, the ten acre parcels are generally dispersed throughout the Township; however, the eastern third of the Township from the Village of Leonard south has experienced the greatest amount of ten acre lot development. -4- �I I I I I I I I ' I I I I I I I L L Single Family Residential:(under 10 acres) This category includes lots which are located within platted subdivisions and lots generally disbursed throughout the Township under ten acres in size.When a ten acre parcel is split, the split usually creates four 2.5 acre parcels or a similar combination of lot sizes. When a ten acre parcel fronts a local or primary road and is split into smaller individual lots depthwise, a sixty foot wide private road is then required to service these lots and may extend up to 1,000 feet or more in depth. Although these lot splits and subdivisions are developed within the requirements of the Township Zoning Ordinance and governing State acts, the preservation of large lot single family residential development may be threatened by the continuance of this trend. This pattern of development may increase the potential urban-type access maintenance and traffic safety problems generated by private roads. On the other hand, this type of development trend does not encourage rapid growth and the need to provide a greater number of services remains low. The residential areas developed adjacent to Lakeville Lake include a variety of lot sizes and housing types. The older neighborhoods are located within subdivided areas often developed as seasonal units, and possess the greatest mixture of housing styles. These areas also contain the greatest number of problems inherent to older lake front neighborhoods. When these areas were originally developed, features such as minimum lot area, floor area and setbacks were not regulated. Today, to varying degrees, many of these properties possess non-conformities. Another problem with small lake front properties is septic tank failure as is discussed further in t~is document. Generally, the platted lots in Supervisors Plat #4, Moffat Beach Subdivision, Chamberlain Subdivision, Echo Lake Subdivision and Kingston Subdivision range from 3,000 square feet to 20,000 square feet with a majority of lot areas · being approximately 12,000 square feet. Single Family Residential:(Mobile Homes or Parks) The 38.8 acre Hidden Lakes Estates Mobile Home Park on Rochester Road is the only planned mobile home park in the Township. It contains 267 mobile home sites and is currently ninety-eight (98) percent of occupancy. (Although there are several mobile homes off Rowland Road between Pond Road and Rochester Road, it is not an organized and planned mobile home park). Commercial: The need for commercial services is directly related to the population to be served. Since the Township has a relatively small population, the amount of existing commercial use is quite limited. Combined, the existing commercial areas in the Township contain approximately 21 acres (excluding the Village of Leonard). The land-extensive (non-ce~ter commercial) uses in the Township are relatively few. As the population increases the need for -5- �additional commercial (local and non-center) wi 11 be -rea 1i zed. are further discussed in the Land Use and Circulation Plan. These uses Industrial: Most of the industrial uses in Addison Township, are natural gas treatment and/or compression stations. Total acreage represented by these uses is less than one percent of all land area in the Township, about 20 acres. Unless new natural gas reserves are discovered within the next year, Michigan Consolidated Gas Company has indicated the sweetening facility will become obsolete and dismanteled within the next two to three years. The mining operation near Romeo Road in the southeast corner of the Township has begun the reclamation process and is expected to be completed within three to four years. When completed, the area will be used for single family residential purposes. Additional small industry is located in Lakeville. Institutional Quasi-Public: Institutional Quasi-Public land use in Addison Township includes several large sites: the Benedictine Fathers property on Drahner Road, the Congregation of the Servants of Christ property northwest of the BenedicUne .fathers, the Lakeville Swamp Nature Preserve on Rochester Road, the Salvation Army Camp, and the Kingsbury School property at the Oakwood Road and . Hosner Road intersection~ Combined, these properties occupy one percent of all land in Addison Township or 341 acres. Commercial Recreation: There is a variety of commercial recreational land uses currently in the Tow~ship which provide a combination of year around recreational opportunities. These uses, Mulberry Hills Golf Course, Upland. Hills Farms, and f-1t. Grampian comprise approximately 470 acres of total land area. Public: Public land uses in Addison Township account for 2.8 percent of total land area and include the Township Hall offices, United States Post Office, Hamilton Parsons Elementary School, Addison Oaks County Park and the Township cemeteries. Addison Oaks County ·Park accounts for nearly all of the 645 a.c res of public land area, with the remaining public facilities comprising approximately 24 acres. Transmission Line: The Detroit Edison electrical transmission line right-of-way crosses the Township from Romeo Road north to Dryden Township in Lapeer County. These parcels collectively combine in a total of 152.28 acres. In addition two crude oil pipelines traverse the Township. (See Map l.) -6- �' ' ' 'I I I I I Water: Surface water comprises three percent of all land in Addison Township. Lakeville Lake is the largest water body containing about 460 acres of surface water area. The smaller lakes including Lake George, Secord Lake, Slating Lake and Indian Lake make up the remaining area of surface water. Vacant: By far, the most significant portion (49 percent) of Township land is class i fied vacant. Considerable vacant tracts are located in the northern areas where the terrain becomes subject to sharp topographical changes and much of the low land is wet. Also, former agricultural tracts which have not been recently cultivated comprise of much of the vacant land pattern. ' ' ' 'I 'I I L L -7- �Population and Housing The purpose of this section is to identify the present and future population and housing trends of Addison Township and to determine the conditions and needs in Addison Township. The 1960, 1970 and 1980 U.S. Census reports are the primary sources of information for this profile and recent supplementary documents supplied by the Oakland County Planning Division and the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) were also used. Present Population According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Addison Township experienced its largest numerical increase in number of persons between 1970 and 1980. During this period, Addison Township's population grew from 2,809 in 1970 to 4,184 in 1980, an increase of 1,375 persons. Addison Township's population increased 247% in the twenty year period from 1960 to 1980 or from 1,691 persons to 4,184 persons by 1980. TABLE 2 CHANGE IN NUMBER OF PERSONS 1960, 1970 AND 1980 SELECTED COMMUN IT I ES* · 1960 Commun it.}:'. Number l , 691 ADDISON TOWNSHIP 2,469 Oakland Township 11 ,844 Orion Township Oxford Townsh·ip 5,561 2,453 Almont Township Bruce Township 3,288 l ,427 Dryden Township Oakland County 690,259 * U.S. Bureau of the Census 1970 Number 2,809 4,793 14,189 5,953 3,163 2,809 2,129 907,871 Percent 1980 Number Change 4,184 66 .1 % 7,628 94 .1 19,566 19. 7 7,823 7. 0 4,124 29.0 3,283 -14.6 2,977 50.0 31.5 1,011,793 Percent Change 49.0% 59.2 37.9 31 .4 30.4 16 .8 40.0 11. 5 Table 2 indicates that of the communities surveyed for this profile, Addison Township had the second largest percentage increase in population, exceeded only by neighboring Oakland Township. Whereas Oakland Township's population increased by 94.l percent from 1960 to 1970, Addison Township's population increased 66.l percent. Both Addison and Oakland Township had the largest percentage increase in the 10 year period from 1970 to 1980. Orion Township showed the largest numerical increase i n population from 14,189 in 1970 to 19,566 in 1980 or 5,377 persons. -8- �Number of Housing Units and Vacancy 1970-1980 Table 3 illustrates the increase in total number of housing units in Addison Township from 1970 to 1980. The increase from 947 housing units in 1970 to 1,348 in 1980 represents an increase of 42.3 percent, a growth attributed primarily to single family residential construction. As the number of owner-occupied units increased (637 in 1970 to 1,130 in 1980) the amount of renter-occupied units remained constant. Due to the overall increase in owner-occupied units in 1980, the percentage amount of renter-occupied housing actually decreased over the ten year period from 17.3 percent (164 units) in 1970 to 12.0 percent (163 units) in 1980. The vacancy rate of units also decreased from 99 units (10%) in 1970 to 55 units (4%) in 1980. (Vacant units are units in which no one is living at the time of the census. A vacant unit may be one which is occupied entirely by persons who have a usual residence elsewhere or new units not yet occupied, if construction has reached a point where all windows and doors have been installed). TABLE 3 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS AND VACANCY 1970-1980 ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN* 1970 Total Units 947 (including vacant and seasonal) Owner-occupied 637 Renter-occupied 164 Vacant units 99 % of Total 1980 Increase/ Decrease 100% 1,348 100% +42.3% 67.2% 17.3% 10% 1 , 130 163 55 83.8% 12.0% 4% +77.3% -1 % -55% TOTAL VACANT UNITS 4% 9 7% 4 1% 2 88% 40 For Sa 1e 4 For Rent 7 1 Occasional Use 88 Other Vacant *U.S. Bureau of Census. 1980. L L % of Total -9- 16.3% 7% 3.6% 72.7% �Occupied Dwelling Units Table 4 shows increases in total occupied dwelling units between 1970 and 1980 for Addison Township and neighboring Oakland County townships. During this ten year period in Addison Township, occupied dwelling units increased well over 50 percent. At the same time, as indicated in Table 2, township population was increasing at a rate of nearly 50 percent - illustrating a shift towards fewer occupants per dwelling unit. In terms of land use impact, this increase in the number of occupied dwelling units may have the most significance for planning in Addison Township. TABLE 4 OCCUPIED DWELLING UNITS (D.U.'S) ADDISON TOWNSHIP AND ADJACENT TOWNSHIPS 1970-1980* Township Number Occupied D.U.'s 1970 ADDISON Oakland Orion Oxford *U.S. Bureau of 791 1 ,066 1,760 1 ,414 Number Occupied D. U. 's 1980 l ,293 2,116 2,387 2,142 Change Number % +502 +1050 +627 +727 +63.5 +98.4 +35.6 +51 .4 Census Population Per Dwelling Unit Table 5 identifies th~ population per dwelling unit in Addison Township and selected surrounding communities. The trend, according to this table has shown a decrease in overall family size since 1960. Addison Township reflects the only increase in family size. From 1970 to 1980 the population per dwelling unit rose from 2.9 to 3.23 or 11 .3 percent. This increase is a result of the population increase in the family formation age group as shown in Table 6. Age Group Table 6 consists of an age/sex profile for Addison Township. As there were no unusual variations between the male and female categories, both categories were combined for this analysis. -10- �I I I I I I I I I I lJ I I I I I I L L TABLE 5 POPULATION PER DWELLING UNIT SELECTED COMMUNITIES* Community 1960 1970 1980 ADDISON TOWNSHIP Oakland Township Orion Township Oxford Township Bruce Township Almont Township Oakland County *U.S. Bureau of the Census 3.50 3.81 3.73 3.51 3.73 3.52 3.61 2.90 3.69 3.46 3.45 3.50 3.50 3.29 3.23 3.40 2.89 3.00 3.49 3 .13 2. 71 1970-1 980 % Change 11. 3% -7.9 -16.3 -1 3. 1 -.3 -10. 6 -17.7 In 1970, the largest age group category was the 21-44 year old group which comprised 29.6 percent of the combined male and female population. The second and third largest age groups were the 5-13 year old group which made up 21.2 percent of the total population and the 14-20 year old age group which consisted of 12.5 percent of the total population for 1970. In 1980 every age group showed an increase in size except the 60-64 year old group. The largest gain in population was in the 21-44 year old age group which shows an increase of 91 .16 percent or 761 persons. The population increased from 831 persons in 1970 to l ,592 persons in 1980. The second largest increase is shown in the 14-20 year old group with an increase of 351 persons in 1970 to 619 persons in 1980. This represents an increase of 76.3 percent or 268 persons in the 14-20 year age group. A significant population increase is shown in the 65 and older age classification. In this category the number of persons increased 38.4 percent, from 182 persons in 1970 to 252 persons in 1980. Addison Township's population is evenly divided between males and females, a factor of a low percentage of the elderly, a group which is characterized by greater numbers of females. This profile exhibits several important factors: 1) increase in family formation sector (21-44 year old age group), 2) an increase in both the number of school age children 5-13 year old (+19. %) and 14-20 year olds (+76 %), 3) a decline in the 60-64 year group with a minor increase in the 55-59 year group (+5.2%). This decrease and nominal increase in the 55-59 group indicates a smaller number of retirees and senior citizens in Addison Township over the next ten years. - 11- �I TABLE 6 Age and Sex of Population 1970 and 1980* ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN ~ I __, N I Number under 5 137 310 5-13 14-20 160 422 21-44 45-54 153 55-59 74 78 60-64 65+ 81 Totals 1,415 Female Male 1970 Percent 9.7% 21. 9 11. 3 29.9 10.8 5.2 5.5 5.7 *U.S. Bureau of the Census 1980 Number 179 356 332 796 217 69 61 ~ 2,115 Percent 8.5% 16 .8 15. 7 37.5 10.3 3.3 2.9 5.0 1970 Number 124 284 191 409 167 60 58 .J..Ql 1,394 Percent 8.9% 20.4 13. 7 29.3 12.0 4.3 4.2 7.2 Total 1980 Number 177 352 287 796 184 72 54 147 2,069 Percent 8.6% 17.0 13. 9 38.4 8.9 3.5 2.6 7 .1 1970 Number 261 594 351 831 320 134 136 ---1.!!.?. 2,809 1980 Percent Number Percent 9.3 % 21. 2 12. 5 29.6 11.4 4.8 4.8 6.5 356 708 619 1,592 401 141 115 252 4,184 8.5 % 16.9 14.8 38.1 9.6 3.4 2.7 6.0 1970-1980 Total Change _t!umber Percent +95 114 +268 +761 +81 +7 • -21 +70 +36 . 3% + 19.19 + 76 . 35 + 91. l 'i + 25. 31 + 5.22 -15.45 +38.46 �Overall the Township has an age profile which portends a relatively independent population for the forseeable future. The high percentage of 21-44 year olds is generally characterized by increasing income and expanding consumption. This group is relatively less dependent on governmental services yet is most able to support the cost of education and other governmental services. Residential Building Permits Residential building permit data are presented in table 7 below. Since 1970, Addison Township has annually averaged building permits for 31 dwelling units, including all dwelling units except mobile homes. Beginning in 1970, the number of single-family permits increased each year to a peak of 51 in 1977. Since 1977, the number has declined considerably. TABLE 7 I I IJ I I I I II I L DIJELLING UNITS BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED 1970-1981 ADDISOU TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN* Year 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 Totals Detached Single Family Units Two Family Units Multi Family Units Gross Total Less Demolitions Net Total 11 0 0 11 0 15 41 44 51 22 18 34 32 48 37 18 371 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 4 l 0 0 4 2 15 41 44 51 22 18 34 32 49 42 18 377 11 15 41 44 51 22 18 34 32 49 42 18 377 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * SEMCOG, Annual Reports: "Residential Construction in Michigan" for 1970-1981. -13- �Two important factors should be considered in this trend. First, this trend has been generally true throughout the southeast Michigan area where single family housing starts have declined steadily since 1977-78. The second factor is economic. The national economy and to a more serious degree Michigan's economy, has been in a major recession during the last few years. These factors,coupled with record high interest rates,have nearly precluded new single-family residential construction in Michigan as well as the entire country. Year Structure Built Table 8 indicates the number of structures built from 1939 and before up to 1981. This information is helpful in determining the age and condition of the housing stock in Addison Township. The average life of a house is approximately 50 years before it requires extensive repair or renovation. According to Table 8, 393 structures in Addison Township were constructed in 1939 or before. Within the next ten years 31 percent of all housing in Addison Township \A/ill be at least 50 ye,a rs old. Sixty-one ·(61) percent of ·housing in Addison Township is relatively new with over half of this figure (37.8 •percent) constructed since 1969. TABLE 8 YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN* Year 1970-1981* 1969-1970 1965-1968 1960-1 964 1950-1959 1940- 1 949 1939 or earlier Total Structures Number of Structures % of Total 353 132 72 98 121 98 393 1 ,267a 27.8% 10. 4 5.6 7.7 9.5 7.7 31.3 100.0% * Compiled from U.S. Census of Housing, 1970 and SEMCOG's Annual Reports of "Residential Housing Construction 1970-1981 11 aDue to the compilation methodology utilized in data gathering for Table 8, this figure may not include the total number "non-year round" housing units in Addison Township. -14- �Housing Value According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the 1980 median value of Addison Township's housing stock was $60,400 or approximately $7,200 less than the combined average of communities surrounding Addison Township. The median value of Oakland Township's housing stock ($99,400) escalates the overall median average of $67,250. Oakland Township has a considerable amount of newer housing which increases the median housing value. Addison Township is similar to Bruce Township in Macomb County ($60,700) and exceeds the median value of housing in Almont Township ($48,500),neighboring to the north in Lapeer County. This profile indicates Addison Township is very close to Oakland County's median housing value, whereas, 41 percent of all housing in Addison Township is valued at $50,000-79,999, 42 percent of all housing in Oakland County is valued at $50,000 to $79,999. Table 9 also suggests that the majority of housing in Addison Township is primarily of moderate value; however, housing types of all price categories are available in Addison Township. TABLE 9 VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED UNITS PERCENT OF TOTAL OWNER OCCUPIED SELECTED COMMUNITIES-1980* Values Addison Township Less than $49,999 28.0 50,000-79,999 41.0 80,000-99,999 13. 0 14.0 100,000-149,999 150,000 or more 4.0 Median Value $60,400 Oakland Township 15.0 35.0 29.0 19. 0 2.0 $99,400 Bruce Township 23.0 33.0 22.0 18. 0 4.0 $60,700 Almont Township 52.0 44.0 3.0 1.0 $48,500 Oakland County 27.0 42.0 12. 0 12. 0 7.0 $65,000 *U.S. Bureau of the Census Population Projections The projection or forecasting of population for a community over an extended period of time is subject to many variables, such as national population trends, migration and the regional economy. The most significant factor affecting local population growth or decline is the availability of employment. -15- �Assuming local employment trends, the employment centers serving Addison Township will at best remain similar to the employment patterns of the last ten years. Without any major increases in employment, population growth will be limited to a natural increase and there most likely will be no rapid increase in the number of persons. All methods of population projections make certain assumptions and based upon assumptions, different projections are derived. The following table shows the results of several methods used to project Addison Township's population in ten year intervals through the year 2000. TABLE 10 POPULATION AND HOUSING PROJECTIONS ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN 1980-2000 Method of Projection 1970-1980 Straight Line(a) Population Households Approximate persons per dwelling unit SEMCOG S.A.F. '8o(b) Population Households Approximate persons per dwelling unit Geometric Projection(c) Population Household Approximate persons per dwelling unit (a) (b) (c) 1980 1990 2000 4,184 l ,293 3.23 5,559 6,934 l , 639 3.39 l, 985 4,184 l ,293 3.23 4,982 3.26 6,889 2,182 3 .15 4,184 l ,293 3.23 6,229 l, 758 3.54 9,288 2,391 3.88 l ,528 ~.49 based on population growth which occurred between 1970-1980 based on SEMCOG's Small Area Forecast, 1980. based on percentage rate (48.9%) of population change from 1970-1980 -16- �The straight line projection is based upon an average annual increase in the population of 1,375 per decade as was experienced during the ten year period from 1970 to 1980. SEMCOG's forecast is based upon the incorporation of the: 1) Council's sewer service area map adopted in March 1980, 2) increased protection of environmentally sensitive areas and 3) increased housing rehabilitation. The above projections were calculated to illustrate possible future population patterns in Addison Township. However, the future population of Addison Township will be determined by the goals and objectives of the master plan, the resources and constraints of the Township and the areas of Addison Township that are suitable for development. The master plan assumes that a water and sewer system will be implemented only to abate a serious environmental hazard or in the event a critical environmental situation would be identified adjacent to the Lakeville Lake area or similar areas of the Township, therefore limiting large scale residential developments. The decisions made by Addison Township regarding water and sewer, transportation improvements, zoning controls and subdivision regulations, will ultimately restrict or promote and regulate the intensity of growth in Addison Township and therefore the ultimate population. -17- �Circulation Land use and the transportation system are functionally linked and the circulation system provides the framework for the land use pattern. More intensive land uses require a higher lever of circulation service; lower i~tensity land uses require a lower level of access, but must maintain a minimum level of service. Roads The existing transportation network of Addison Township consists primarily of Oakland County Road Commission (OCRC) maintained roads. As shown on Map 2, Rochester Road, Lakeville Road and Romeo Road are the only OCRC paved primary roads in Addison Township, combining in a total of 12.5 miles of paved thoroughfare. Rochester Road is the main north/south arterial. Lakeville Road serves as the only hard surfaced east/west route; however, Lakeville Road terminates at its Rochester Road intersection. Romeo Road is an east/west arterial located at the south edge of the Township. In 1970, Addison Township adopted the Inter-County Highway Plan which prescribes right-of-way (ROW) widths for various classifications of roadway in southeastern Michigan. Roadways classified as 11 major thoroughfares 11 dominate this 11 plan 11 and limit its utility. Major thoroughfares are defined as roadways which maintain a 120' ROW and serve through traffic with limited frontage. Railroad The Grand Trunk and Western Railroad track traverses Addison Township in a northeast/southwest direction entering the Township north of Lakeville Road and exiting into Dryden Township to the north in Lapeer County west of Hagerman Road. The frequency of service occurs on an alternating day basis originating in Pontiac, travelling north to Cass City and returning to Pontiac, and also handling freight for points between the two cities, including the Village of Leonard. Transit The Southeast Michigan Transportation Authority (SEMTA) provides 11 SEMTA Connector 11 service to Addison Township four times daily on a township-wide basis. The door-to-door service provides transportation from Addison Township south to the City of Pontiac linking the Township with public mass transportation available only in the metropolitan suburban areas. Southeast Michigan Region 1990 Transit Network Based upon 1990 regional population, employment and travel demand forecasts, the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) formulated a detailed transportation corridor analysis. The basis of this analysis is to determine methods of achieving high levels of transit service to areas within SEMCOG's jurisdiction. -18- �I I I I I I I I I I Rochester and Lakeville roads are classified by the plan as feeder and local transit routes. Essentially, the plan indicates that Addison Township, based upon the 1990 population and employment projections, could qualify for bus service which would utilize Rochester and Lakeville roads. Road Improvement Proposals The Oakland County Road Commission (OCRC) has several road improvement proposals under consideration that will affect Addison Township. Under considerati0n by the OCRC are roadway approach paving and curve widening. The approach paving locations are as follows: - Army Road and Rochester Road in section 22 - Frick Road and Rochester Road in section(s) 15 and 24 - The north and south intersections of Hosner Road and Lakeville Road Curve pavement widening proposals are under consideration for the following areas: - Moffat Road and Rochester Road - Brewer Road and Rochester Road - Yule Road and Rochester Road Township Road Improvements and Maintenance The basic source of revenue for road maintenance and improvement is the State-collected gas and weight tax which motorists pay at the pump for gasoline and diesel fuel and to the Secretary of State for vehicle registrations. I I I I I For paving and resurfacing of roads within Addison Township, the Oakland County Road Commission (OCRC) limits its contribution of gas and weight tax funding to 10 percent of the project cost. Addison Township or property owners in Addison Township, in coordination with the OCRC,may initiate special assessment districting for subdivision street improvements or vote a road improvement tax levy. Circulation Pattern The road system of Addison Township is characterized by some lack of continuity, reflecting the topography and natural features of the area. Lake George Road has a relatively straight and continuous course through the Township. The three improved and paved thoroughfares (Rochester, Lakeville and Romeo Roads) are not continuous or have significant sections of winding right-of-way. In terms of potential for major through traffic and urban -19- �MAP 2 CIRCULATION 111111111111• -_ , _ . . . . , . _ , , _ _ Ol' _ _ _ o, _ _ Uffl l Nl • • • • ·@· 22 : ! ! ! Traffic Generators by Section Number r Paved County Roads ::.111101111 ADDISON TOWNSHIP• OAKLAND COUNTY• MICHIGAN �development, these patterns have a limiting effect. The winding areas of road and the interrupted road pattern contribute to the character of the Township, and limit through traffic, maintaining a rural atmosphere of treelined scenic country roads throughout the community, reinforcing the case for low density development. About 60 percent of the Township's population resides in sections which abut paved improved roads and 19 of the Township's 35 sections abut a paved road. Four of the Township's six most significant traffic generators (identified on Map 2 on the previous page) are located with direct access to Rochester Road; another is accessed by Romeo Road, while one concentration (Section 31) is not served by an improved road. The Village of Leonard (an enclave outside of Township jurisdiction) which functions as a local convenience trade center, and has a 1980 population of 422,is located on Rochester Road in the northern part of the Township. The residential concentration in Section 22 (around Lakeville Lake) functions as another traffic generator. With a population of 258 persons, this section is significantly above the 116 person per square mile average of the Township and is served by Rochester Road. The unincorporated area of Lakeville, located in section 27 at the intersection of Lakeville and Rochester Roads, generates traffic from both residential, commercial and public land uses including the Township Hall. The Township's highest concentration of population is in Section 35 which includes Hidden Lake Estates Mobile Home Park. It is located with direct access to Rochester Road and contains a 1980 population of 825 .persons. Addison Oaks County Park, which includes all of the land in Section 33, generated in excess of 121,000 vehicles in 1982. This total included 64,000 day use vehicles and 25,000 camper vehicles and 32,000 vehicles attracted by the park's convention center facilities. Its entrance is from Romeo Road, an improved county primary road. Section 31 which contains the Seneca Hills Subdivision and a portion of Grampian Heights Subdivision, is a significant concentration which is not served by an improved thoroughfare. Other lesser generators include Mount Grampian Ski Resort, Upland Hills Farms, and the commercial concentration at the intersection of Romeo and Rochester Roads, which, although it is located in Oakland Township serves a portion of Addison Township as a local convenience center. -20- �Environmental Concerns and Resources Community planning treats the physical environment as a dynamic entity that can be used only in a sensitive consideration of the processes and interrelationships of nature and human development. Man in many respects is a factor of nature and his developmental proposals for land usage are studied in light of possible impact and disruption of nature. Land capability planning deals with the differences in the physical environment from place to place across the landscape of the Township. For example, physical landscape elements such as slopes, climate, drainage, and soils may interrelate to form a particular type of localized environment favoring the growth and predominance of trees9 If development removes the trees, the natural balance of processes and interrelationships responsible for the development and continuance of the woodlands is altered, and as a result, slopes erode, scenery is lost, wetlands are filled in with eroded soil, flooding results in backwaters which drowns unadapted vegetation and the ecosystem is disrupted. In addition to the aesthetic losses, the need for expensive, engineered compensating -structures such as dams, bridges and bulkheads arises. In considering the natural environment in the planning process, suitability of the environment to accommodate the artificial works of man is applied. The data on the natural environment was inventoried based on Oakland County maps and surveys and described in terms of capability and suitability ·· for development. The community's needs in terms of future land use and local goals and objectives are then used to generate the Land Use and Circulation Plan. Although it has a variety of land uses, Addison Township is essentially a very low density residential community. Its location and limited accessibility make it somewhat remote from employment, commercial and cultural centers. Its value lies in its attractive natural environment as opposed to the artificial environment of the densely populated areas in southeastern Michigan. To the extent that data is available, the physical environment, its resources for development and the areas of concern are located and described herein. For survey and analysis purposes the environment of Addison Township is divided into the following natural systems: woodlands, wetlands, topography, surface water, ground water, agricultural land, drainage patterns and soils. Topography The topography in Addison Township consists of a combination of rolling hills and low level, flat drainage basins known georgraphically as "outwash plains" created by the melting of the glaciers. The unique upland terrain found in much of Addison Township presents a land feature that exhibits variable topography ot: 'sloped land" defined as land that has a ten foot or more vertical rise in grade over a 100 foot horizontal distance. These areas exhibit the following characteristics: -21- �I I I I I I I • Slopes often contain a variety of plant a~d tree types, well adapted to steep land and have root syste~s which hold soil well. • Sloping areas have aesthetic and recreational value. They can be used for hiking, skiing or sightseeing. • Major man-made changes in the environment usually cause accelerated erosion and sedimentation of surrounding lakes and streams. Addison Township is generally sloping from the northwest to the southeast. The highest and lowest elevations as shown on the United States Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) map is 1,236 feet and located in section seven and the lowest elevation is 909 feet located in section 36 near the gravel pit on Romeo Road. Addison Township contains over 4,750 acres of sloped lands generally dispersed throughout the Township. Vegetation/Woodlands Vegetation in Addison Township is a dominant part of the Township's physical makeup and it should be treated as a valuable resource since it is the woods which create the rural atmosphere enjoyed by the residents of the community. Woods stabilize soils, control erosion, and retain water. Vegetation in Addison Township consists ·primarily of wooded areas which total over 6,000 acres of both hardwood and evergreen stands. • Hardwoods. There are over 5,890 acres of dominant hardwood stands in Addison Township consisting of a mixture of second and third growth, mixed hardwood including ash, poplar, oak, hickory, maple, birch, ironwood and other species. These tree stands result from the variety of soil types, drainage patterns and topography required to support such a diversity. 1 Evergreens. Approximately 145 acres of evergreen trees comprised of pine, hemlock, fir, spruce and tamarack are located in the Township. Evergreens adapt to sandy, well drained soils on higher land. 1 Lowland Brush. Also important in the discussion of woodlands, is the lowland brush vegetation usually found in wetlands and marshes. Over 200 acres of land in the Township is considered lowland brush. These plants stabilize the wetland environments through their root systems and also provide great water holding and flood control capacity within drainage basins. Low land brush areas in Addison Township are identified by cattails, sedges and marsh grasses. -22- �Wetlands Addison Township is classified as "poorly drained" in many areas due to the low areas and lowland channels which collect water. The wetlandmarsh areas (726.4 acres) retain large amounts of water and release it slowly. They are characterized by wet, muck-type soil conditions and can be identified by the cattails which grow there. However, there are instances where wetland areas appear "high and dry" and the normal visual signs of wetlands are not present. Only by taking soil borings will the presence of a high water table be revealed. _I Surface Waters Addison Township, as compared to other Townships in Oakland County, does not contain an abundant amount of surface water; however, Lakeville Lake is a significant body of water. The total acreage of surface water in Addison Township is 679.5 acres. This figure also includes the smaller lakes and ponds. Lakes and ponds are generally considered inland depressions, constantly filled with water which form a part of a larger drainage basin. The lakes are supplied by ground water sources and exhibit regular inflow and outflow patterns. Ponds often result from the side effects of small dams, spillways or other impoundments. Rivers, streams and small channels on the other hand, collect at the low points of a flow system. J I Soils and Groundwater The soils located in Addison Township are classified and defined by the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture as the Riddles-Marlette-Houghton concentration. These soils are described as nearly level to steep, well drained, moderately well drained and very poorly drained loamy and mucky soils found on moraines (an accumulation of earth, stones and rock) till plains (extensive flat areas) and in bogs. 1 Location of Soils. The Riddles and Marlette soils are generally located on knolls, ridges and on slopes and along drainage ways and depressions. The Houghton soil groups are located exclusively in drainageways and depressions. 1 Soil Suitability. Of this soil grouping, the soil most suitable for development is the Riddles-Marlette combination which occupies a majority of the upland and rolling area of the Township. The use of the upland soils for septic tank absorption however, is limited by the slow drainage ability of the Marlette soil. -23- J I �The flat to gently rolling Riddles-Marlette soils are well suited for cropland or pasture. The Riddles-Marlette soil group is also suitable for vegetable farming and fruit orchards. The Houghton soil group is not suited for cropland or pasture due to its generally inadequate drainage. It is muck soil and not suitable for building sites or septic tank absorption fields. • Septic Suitability. As discussed in the soils description, the type of soil and nature of its drainage ability will determine, to a great extent, where development may be permitted. The areas of the Township where marginal soils with limited drainage capabilities exist are often found in areas where the water table is high. According to the Oakland County Health Department, there have been septic tank failures in Addison Township. This is due to three factors: - Location on a lot, the area of which is too small to accommodate the sewage. - Location on soils which are not suitable for septic fields. Location in an area with high groundwater. A septic field will fail and groundwater will be contaminated when the water table rises to the same level of the septic field. On some of the smaller lots and peninsulas on Lakeville Lake the likelihood of septic failure increases. As the areas adjacent to these lots have developed, the drain fields have less area to function and their proximity to the Lakeville Lake water table increases the chances of failure~ Most of these problems exist around the Township's lakes where development has occurred prior to the enforcement of the health codes relative to private sewage disposal. Conversion of seasonal dwelling units to yearround residences on small lots contributes to the problems; however, the Township's lakes are not currently polluted. Although sewage-generated nutrients escape into the lakes, they are filtered and dilluted to an extent which mitigates their negative impacts. • Groundwater. Groundwater in Addison Township is an essential resource. The contamination of groundwater is a potential problem in any community which has considerable amounts of wetland. A high water table usually accompanies the areas dominated by wetland and/or surface water. Contamination results from chemicals filtering into the groundwater from -24- �septic fields, oil tanks and waste .disposal sites. Non-point sources of pollution from chemicals and effluent associated with commerce, industry and farming are potential problems. In many instances, these pollutants reach lakes and streams through groundwater supplies. Pollutants may also affect well water located near septic fields. Data on groundwater recharge areas are not generally available on a systematic basis; however, due to the Township's geomorphalogy, well depths range from shallow to 200-300 feet in depth. Because high quality groundwater is essential to the existence of the community, a waste disposal plan for each significant development should be considered. State regulations and enforcement on harmful substances are geared toward larger potential pollutants of groundwater. The potential problems of petroleum storage, motor oil disposal, the transportation, storage and handling of any materials which are potentially hazardous to the Township potable water should be a concern of local enforcement also. Agricultural Land Agricultural production in Michigan plays a key part in meeting food needs. Economically, agriculture is also a major contributor. In addition to these more obvious reasons supporting the importance of agriculture in Addison Township, there are more subtle, less tangible benefits gained from agriculture. Environmental, aesthetic, recreational and historic values are enhanced by the presence of farmland. Open farmland assists in the replenishment and maintenance of groundwater supplies. Farms also provide links with the cultural heritage of the Township. In Addison Township, the amount of agricultural land decreased from 5320.6 acres in 1979 to 4692.3 acres in 1983 - a decrease of 628.3 acres, or 11.8 percent. The trend toward fewer acres in agricultural production is particularly typical of communities which are experiencing development pressures. The effects of land speculation, increasing property values and taxes, and rural/urban conflicts tend to diminish active agriculture. The Michigan Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act, (Act 116, P.A. of 1974) is designed to lessen some of these pressures. Under this program, owners of farmland receive a credit against their state income tax liability. In return for this credit, the State of Michigan receives the development rights to the property for a specified number of years, but not less than ten. For undeveloped open space lands, the act also allows an exemption of the development rights from ad valorem taxation. This type of use-value taxation provides one approach to preservation and protection of certain types of land in Addison Township as well as the State of Michigan. -25- �In 1978, of farmland in Addison Township, 148 acres were under the farmland provisions of P.A. 116. By 1980, an additional 462 acres were under consideration for inclusion. Addison Township ranks fifth among Oakland County townships in terms of acreage included under the act. Floodplain Addison Township has no areas of floodplains identified under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968. The entire Township is considered to be nonflood prone; that is, no flood hazards have been identified or mapped and there are no mandatory requirements for flood insurance and no program related impediments to Federally insured mortgages or use of Federal funds in any portion of the Township. -26- �I __G_O_A_L_S_&_G_U_ID_E_L_IN_E_S_ _ _ _ _ _ _ �Goals and Objectives Addison Township is a predominantly large lot single family residential community which has generally developed in harmony with a natural landscape. The planned protection of the low rolling hills, swamps, laKes, woods, farms and fields is essential to the preservation of the community s character. These goals express the values of the community and form the basis for the Master Plan. The primary and community goals are supported by the Development Guidelines and the Master Plan Map. 1 Primary Goals There are four primary goals which are designed to include the overall objectives of the Master Plan. t To provide for lower intensity growth in harmony with the preservation of the Township s natural landscape. 1 • To provide for adequate community services in keeping with a lower density character. Urban services such as public water and sewer should be provided only to abate hazardous situations. • To provide for an adequate circulation system which is in keeping with a low density character, yet provides adequate access for essential needs. • To maintain the character of the natural landscape, by designing a human environment which is compatible with the natural features of the land and its vegetation. Community Goals t Provide for orderly and controlled distribution, location and extent of land for housing, business, industry, open space, agriculture, natural resources, recreation, historic and scenic assets, education, and essential services. • Guarantee the diversification, cohesiveness and balance of land uses to serve the essential human needs, residential areas, agriculture land; adequate public and health services, schools and cultural activities, access to commercial areas and employment centers. • Avoid strip commercial development along major routes. • Coordinate future land use with the natural characteristics of the land and the long term needs and desires of the Township. -27- �• Provide a balanced residential environment regardless of age or income with access to community facilities, services, an~ employment opportunities. • Implement a circulation system which will promote safe and efficient, movement within and through the Township without destroying the character of the Township landscape. • Promote protection and maintenance of the natural landscape and balanced use of the Township s natural resources including soils, lakes and streams, groundwater supplies; recognize that natural resources must be maintained for their ecological value as well as their commercial benefits to property owners. 1 • Provide for the protection, preservation and proper maintenance of woodlands (including trees and other forms of vegetation) for their economic support of local property values, for their natural beauty and wild character and geological, ecological and historical significance. • · Provide for the protection of the vital Township potable fresh water supplies from the dangers of pollution, and mismanagement. • Provide for passive and active recreation in keeping with the needs and desires of the residents and the limited capacity of the natural resources of the Township. • Retain, whenever possible, productive agricultural · and forest lands in the Township by protecting ·them from urban development. • Implement goals through the enactment and enforcement of local policies and ordinances, capital improvements, community information, and cooperation with other agencies. • Improve the quality of existing development encouraging rehabilitation and renovation of deficient structures and sites and the abatement of hazardous situations. • Provide for adequate community facilities and services. -28- �Development Guidelines The Development Guidelines relate to the primary community goals; however, the guidelines, also include methods of achieving the individual community goals. The Development Guidelines (Environmental,Land Use and Circulation) dictate the form of the Master Plan Map and are also useful for future planning decisions. Environmental Guidelines Woodlands Woodland growth,if preserved and maintained in an undisturbed and natural condition, will constitute important physical, aesthetic, recreation and economic assets to existing and future residents of the Township. Specifically. woodland growth protects public health through the absorption of air pollutants and contamination and reduction of noise; it has a cooling effect in summer, is a windbreak in winter, and prevents soil erosion, silting and flooding. Because environmental values, soil characteristics, tree growth, and related natural resource parameters are unique for each area or parcel of land in Addison Township, the following criteria shall be considered and balanced with respect to each woodland area. 1., The preservation of woodlands, trees, similar woody vegetation and related natural resources and values shall take priority over all forms of development particularly commercial and industrial development, unless there are no locational alternatives. 2. The impact of streets, highways and other transportation corridors on the woodlands shall be seriously considered along with alternatives for new or expanded transportation routes and for the location of proposed development. 3. All development, including residential living units shall blend into the natural setting of the vegetative landscape for .the absorption of noise, and for the protection of environmental values. 4. Woodland areas shall be preserved for low density residential development, outdoor recreation (including but not limited to hiking trails, sporting areas, trapping or hunting), forestry or nursery practices, natural beauty areas, or areas containing significant historic or cultural value. -29- �5. Density and intensity of development shall be reduced in woodland areas. 6. Roadsides containing signific~nt tree growth should be considered for classification as scenic or beauty roads to maintain the wooded character within the thoroughfare right-of-way. Wetlands Increasing development and its associated demands have the effect of encroaching upon, polluting or eliminating wetlands, and other natural hydrologic processes. Similar to woodlands, wetlands, if preserved and maintained in an undisturbed and natural condition, constit~te important physical, aesthetic, recreational and economic assets to existing and future residents of the Township. Wetlands in Addison Township shall be treated with the following criteria: l. Development shall be limited to outdoor recreation, grazing, farming, forestry and the operation and maintenance of existing dams and other water control devices, and temporary alteration or diversion of water levels or circulation for emergency maintenance or agriculture purposes, and only in compliance with State, County and local statutes and regulations. 2. Conservation of soil, vegetation, water, fish and wildlife shall take priority over any of the aforementioned permitted development in a wetland area. 3. Less density and less intensive development shall be encouraged adjacent to areas considered to be wetland. 4. Buffer zones along streams and swales shall be required by residential, commercial or industrial development to prevent run-off of man-made pollutants, erosion and other negative impacts. Lakes and Groundwater Providing and maintaining adequate water supplies to maintain a hydrologically balanced ecosystem is parallel with the importance of maintaining clean and safe water. Development often generates chemical by-products which can contaminate both surface waters and groundwater acquifers. Maintenance of groundwater is an essential element in the future of Addison Township. The following criteria shall be considered in making land use decisions in areas adjacent to surface waters or areas of known critical groundwater supplies: -30- �1. Increased minimum lot areas shall be imposed for single family residential areas adjacent to surface water or located in areas experiencing a high water table. 2. Septic systems and drain fields shall be located away from lakes and surface water. 3. Areas in the Township with higher water tables shall be considered wetland unless a suitable sanitary sewer disposal method approved by Oakland County and Addison Township is provided to protect the surface and groundwater quality. 4. Development shall be encouraged in conjunction with fixed densities and open space areas which absorb surface water, control run-off, filter surface nutrients and recharge groundwater supplies shall be encouraged. 5. On site retention and detention ponds to reduce nutrients and sedimentation and promote groundwater recharge shall be encouraged where useful and practical. 6. Filling and dredging activities that may destroy wildlife and acquatic habitats and seriously effect water table levels shall be discouragerl. 7. All industrial, commercial and institutional developments shall include plans for waste disposal methods which prevent wastes from entering water-flow systems including groundwaters, lakes, streams and wetlands. Topography and Soils The existing grades and physiography of Addison Township can be retained by discouraging mass grading or extensive filling and land balancing. Soil erosion from housing construction, commercial and industrial development, road and recreation use improvements, mining and agriculture may result in sedimentation of soils, impede storm sewers and road ditches, pollute streams, and silt lakes. Sedimentation resulting from erosion is a major water pollutant, therefore, preventative soil erosion and sedimentation techniques shall be employed in reviewing all land use proposals: 1. Development proposals shall be designed to relate with the existing topography and soils of the site. 2. Improvements such as streets, storm sewers or other -31- �I I I I I I I I I I I I features of the development, capable of carrying storm run-off in a safe manner, shall be scheduled for installation to the greatest extent possible before removing the vegetative cover from an area. 3. Whenever feasible, natural soil covers shall be retained and protected. 4. Temporary and permanent provisions shall be made to effectively prevent erosion and accommodate the increased run-off caused by changed soil and surface vegetation conditions during and after development. The permanent final vegetation and structures shall be installed as soon as practical in the development. 5. All mining and extractive operations shall be designed to prevent negative environmental impacts during the term of operation. 6. All permitted mining and extractive operations shall be designed from the onset of operations, to assure reclamation or restoration of mining sites after phase-out. Land Use Guidelines Agricultural 1. Maintain existing productive agricultural areas capable of producing without interference from non-agricultural uses. 2. Maintain agricultural lands on levels of generally less than 6 percent slope. 3. Include P.A. 116 farmlands as agricultural land. 4. Protect agricultural lands regardless of tract or parcel size as much as possible. 5. Agricultural land should be maintained in less intensely developed areas away from major thoroughfares as much as possible. 6. Preserve agricultural land in areas which are not proposed for increased density or intensive development. -32- �7. Consider agricultural land uses broken up by lot splitting for transition of agricultural to residential development. Commercial Development Center Commercial (Convenience and Office) l. Locate commercial center development near existing traffic generators on soils suitable for commercial development containing 4-20 acres. 2. Provide alternative locations for choice and competition. 3. Provide center locations on relatively flat large tracts with room for expansion. 4. Consider existing commercial areas as areas suitable for additional commercial development/expansion. 5. Locate commercial development on primary thoroughfares preferably at intersections of two primaries. Non-Center (General and Wholesale) l. Locate non-center commercial uses (land extensive uses such as lumber yards, nurseries, implement and vehicle sales), and similar uses along primary thoroughfares. 2. Locate non-center commercial uses near other similar uses which may negatively affect residential uses. 3. Locate non-center commercial uses away from residential uses as much as feasible. 4. Locate non-center commercial uses where an existing pattern is established. 5. Locate non-center commercial away from image establishment areas and Township gateways etc., avoiding strip-commercial development. 6. Recognize shopping centers outside the Township as commercial resources. Require low-traffic and seasonal commercial uses to maximize protection of residential areas from traffic, noise, trespassing, vandalism, odors and other negative impacts through site design, including buffers, setbacks and dust control. -33- �Industrial Land Use 1. Restrict industry to light industry to insure compatibility with the natural environment and residential community. 2. Locate light industrial uses on primary roads with adequate truck access. 3. Provide light industrial land with access. 4. Locate light industry away from existing and proposed residential areas. 5. Locate light industrial development with adequate soils for building, good drainage and access. 6. Coordinate industrial land uses with non-center commercial land uses. Residential Land Uses CWA 1. Provide range of acceptable housing units to provide a wide range of choice. 2. Maintain the environmental quality of all residential areas. 3. Preserve residential structures in sound condition, and encourage rehabilitation and renovation of deficient residential buildings. 4. Develop residential density patterns which relate to natural and man-made environmental features. 5. Limit higher densities to areas which are served by improved public roads. 6. Discourage strip residential development and recognize the desirability of controlled access to the primary road system. 7. Provide facilities and services designed to stabilize and improve residential areas, including a level of public, semi-public and community facilities consistent with the needs of the residents. 8. Improve living amenities in all residential neighborhoods through high standards of housing . design and construction, increased privacy and quiet, and protection of open space. -34- �9. Locate higher density residential uses such as mobile home parks and multiple family residential with access to improved roads only. 10. Locate higher density residential development in accordance with existing patterns of development. Circulation ,. CWA Insure recognition of Township plans by County and State highway planners. 2. Coordinate circulation planning with land use planning and development. 3. Provide a hierarchy of primary and local roads spaced so as to accommodate desired development density without encouraging over-development and disruption of the natural system and rural character of the Township. 4. Recognize the circulation relationships with surrounding communities, employment and commercial centers. 5. Provide adequate access to major seasonal traffic generators. 6. Provide a system of secondary and local access with capacity to serve residential and agricultural areas. 7. Protect natural beauty and scenic road rights-of-way. 8. Coordinate the location of private roads and local public roads. 9. Insure that the Township is consulted in detail on all circulation proposals. -35- �I __P_LA_N_E_LE_M_E_N_T_S_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ �Land Use Plan The Master Plan is a guide for the growth and maintenance of the community. The Plan, a product of the Township Planning Commission, is intended to guide development decisions through the next twenty years; however, the Plan is not a prediction, it is not a rigid document and should be understood as the basis of the continuing planning process of regular evaluation and periodic adjustment, updating and amendment. The Plan is comprised of both the map and supporting documentation which includes population and housing information based on the last ten to twenty years, circulation, environmental concerns and resources and the community's goals and objectives. Rather than a precise document, (like a zoning map) the Master Plan map actually constitutes the development policy of the Township for circulation and land use and community facilities. The land use proposals identified on the Plan map are generalized areas for development which do not follow property lines or define specific sites. Because Addison Township is generally undeveloped, to a great extent with large areas of uncommitted land without an established use pattern, it is appropriate for the Plan to indicate locations rather than sites. This allows for choice; however once a land use pattern is established within a general location, a more precise boundary can be defined by zoning. 1 The Plan is based upon several planning principles and has the following characteristics: • Long Range: Planning and responding to land development issues for the next 15-20 years. • Comprehensive: All major types of land use are considered. 1 Generalized: Land use allocations and relationships are general. The Land Use Plan map incorporates broad principals of land development and their inter-relationship(s). 1 Flexible: The plan is able to accept changes which do not affect the integrity of the total plan. 1 Site Sensitive: All map land use designations must necessarily be subject to the environmental conditions of each particular site. 1 Regional: The plan recognizes regional development and needs of adjacent communities as opposed to isolated development within arbitrary political boundaries. The Plan proposes a continuation of the very low density dispersed land use character whicn has been established in Addison Township. Modest orderly growth is recognized. Rather than concentrating growth in certain segments of the Township, or positioning the community for the provision of public -36- �------------------hr-~7'~\f=t=~nfml~~rmr~~r:mffi1~'mj:;~~~:ffi?~~;.:;;:;.= =t========,✓,:==::L._--,,rr,~--=--cou ~~NTY -·/1-----4\--'I. !--~\---------r-----.-------.,t-:=,---7' ~ --- ~ ~'1--- -1---c---F----1 f---------::Jl/-'-..L.L----i--1---L-l+-..LL____l__j~.L__J ! ~ _j TOWNSHIP MAP 3 - D CIYistopher Wzacny & Associates, Incorporated Archltectu"e · Coommy Planning· lkban Deslgl ~ D e t r o i t ' Michigan LAND USE & CIRCULATION PLAN Residential / Rural Residential / Low Density Residential / Medium Density Septeml>O<, 1983 lllllilll:lil:iil:lllill!ilil Local Convnercial Agrlcultu'e Res~ential I Multiple Dwelling - Non-Center Convnerclal - Institutional _, Fragile Watercourse Development Areas Convnerclal Rehabilitation District Recreational Conmerclal , Industrial Public ~ L....:....J Reuse limited to Recreation, Institutional, or Rural Residential uses. ~ Major Thoroughfare ADDISON TOWNSHIP• OAKLAND COUNTY• MICHIGAN �water and sanitary sewer, the proposed pattern is a dispersion of lower density single family residential areas with more intensive land uses located along Rochester Road and Lakeville Road, the Township's major arterials. The dispersed pattern approach will require a greater degree of independence on the part of individual citizens. If urban type services are ultimately required or demanded, the low density pattern as established and continued will become more expensive and less efficient; therefore, the f~1~re development a er st be continually monitored and ans r · d t insure densities which will not require ur an- e services: im roved roads ublic uti11 · · e police, recreationa1, public tr and soci l services b overnment. A description of the plan by land use is as follows: Agricultural The Plan attempts to maintain the primary existing agricultural areas of the Township. This does not preclude some residential development associated with agriculture; however, the Plan proposes that consideration be given to permanently maintain and protect these agricultural lands as areas for food production without infringements by non-agricultural uses which may generate conflicts with this non-renewable resource. Single Family Residential Three single family residential land use categories are delineated on the land use map according to:the predominate characteristics of existing single family residential development in the areas, access to circulation, and inherent natural development constraints or resources. As discussed in the existing land use section of the plan, much of the existing single family residential development occurred in three distinct patterns: small lot residential development is found near the Lakeville area and adjacent to Lakeville Lake, larger parcel single family residential development has occurred on parcels which were formerly used as farmland. The third pattern is found when the larger lots (+ten acres) are divided into smaller building sites, most often one to three acres. The following categories serve as guidelines for future zoning requests, land subdivisions and lot splits. The three single family residential categories provided in the Land Use and Circulation Plan: Residential/Medium Density, Residential/Low Density and Residential Rural, are further described as follows: Medium Density Residential Medium density single family residential is defined as densities ranging from two to three dwelling units per acre. Areas identified are generally -37- �located around Lakevi 11 e Lake where a narrow lot/ high density pattern has been established. Existing development would continue so long as sanitary conditions could be maintained without public utilities; but new development is proposed to be located on lots a minimum of 18,000 to 24,000 square feet in area. Low Density Res i den ti al Low density single family residential is perceived as areas accommodating development at a density of approximately one acre per dwelling unit or on one acre lots. Areas shown on the Plan include the existing Indian Lake area in the southwestern portion of the Township. Other areas have potential if subdivision laws are relaxed, i.e., along both sides of Yule and Brewer Roads, north side of Romeo Road and along Drahner Road in the southeast quadrant. Rural Residential This land use classification limits single family residential development to two acres or more per dwelling unit and is the proposed dominant land use in the Township. Development within this category will accomplish two major Township objectives: (1) keeping the density low so as not to generate a need for urban type services, (2) maintaining the natural environment's existing character of low density areas. The rural residential areas are widely distributed throughout the Township and include large lot areas,predominant natural features and in some cases, the large rural lots act as a buffer to existing and proposed agricultural land. Other factors contributing to the rural character of the areas are: the presence of wood~d tracts, slope and wetland areas which have minimized the intensity of development leaving deep single family parcels and large natural buffers to the rear of these larger lots. The secluded natural environment in these areas is further enhanced by unimproved roads or natural beauty roads which traverse many of these rural neighborhoods. The intent of this classification is to generally limit further splitting of large area parcels down to an average density of no less than two acres. Multiple Dwelling (Including Mobile Home Park) This land use would occur at a density of five to six dwelling units per acre and would need to be carefully designed to insure adequate water supply and waste disposal without public utilities. Developments of this density should be located only on paved primary thoroughfares and close to commercial development. Generally, multiple family residential or mobile home park uses are considered "transitional uses" and best located in such a manner to buffer lower density single family uses from non-residential uses or major thoroughfares. The area proposed for the use is the higher ground located west of Rochester Road north of Romeo Road extending to the Rochester and Brewer Road intersection. Other suitable areas are identified in the Lakeville area. -38- �Non-Residential Land Uses Non-residential land uses are located to provide a choice, generally along Rochester Road. Additionally, non-residential land uses are proposed in harmony with the existing pattern to the degree that it is established. Local Commercial This land use category is designed to satisfy the need for retail, service and office uses. Generally, this type of development will include several stores and perhaps a professional office to serve the day-to-day needs of residents. The primary function of local commercial is to provide convenient shopping at a planned location and to discourage strip commercial development and to encourage centers. The plan identified two areas specifically for local commercial to provide a choice of areas and separation from single family development: the Lakeville area; and the Rochester Road and Romeo Road area. In terms of satisfying commercial needs in the northern section of the Township, the Village will continue to provide goods and services required by the residents of this area of the Township. Non-Center Commercial Non-Center Commercial is provided to supply a wider variety of commercial goods requiring greater land areas (land extensive) along primary thoroughfares. These uses include retail and service establishments which are community oriented. Location for such establishments is commonly dependent on high accessibility and visibility. Also, because these uses may generate potentially heavier traffic volumes, and often undesirable visual impacts, proximity to single family residential land uses without proper site design requirements is discouraged. As these uses usually require outside sales and/or storage of equipment, materials, vehicles, implements, or related goods, non-center commercial sites should be at least 300 feet deep, relatively flat, and larger setbacks should be established. To minimize the negative impacts of non-center commercial uses, location of such businesses should be isolated from residential uses or proximate to industrial land uses and restricted to a concentrated area and should not be permitted to evolve and spread into commercial strips and residential areas. In areas where both local and non-center commercial development is proposed special precautions should be taken to minimize the potential hazards (i.e. on traffic, pedestrians, etc.) of such development. Marginal access roads may be utilized to minimize the number of curb cuts, thereby reducing conflicts with fast moving traffic and increasing the carrying capacity of the road. -39- �The plan includes an area along Rochester Road north of Frick Road. area provides for choice and site depth within a defined area. This Industrial Land Use There are a number of major factors which dictate the location of industrial areas. Access to major truck routes is in most cases the primary consideration. Flat topography, availability of utilities, soil bearing characteristics and compatible land uses are also important considerations. Industrial uses usually require land with no slope, unless regrading an existing slope is not a costly development expense. Land in Addison Township suitable for industrial development is limited due to the absence of sufficient utilities, an abundance of low and wetland areas and the existance of rural residential land uses. These limitations preclude heavy industrial uses and restrict industrial uses to light industry. This would include industrial uses which are generally not objectionable in terms of noise, glare, odor, dust, heavy truck traffic, fumes or similar characteristics or uses entirely located within a building. One large industrial area is shown on the land use map: on the east side of Rochester Road extending east to the Detroit Edison right-of-way. This site provides choice of location, expansion of use, access to major thoroughfares and is separated from single family residential. Commercial Recreation Corrmercial Recreation land use is proposed for several larger tracts located throughout the Township. These areas are in locations which are currently used as commercial recreation including: Mulberry Hills Golf Course, Mount Grampian, and Upland Hills Farm. These uses are located on property which could support residential development. Institutional Churches, private schools, private club land and other institutional quasipublic existing land uses comprise the properties proposed as institutional on the Land Use Circulation Plan Map. As these uses are located in or adjacent to single family residential districts, the potential reuse of these sites is therefore limited to a similar institutional use or a single family residential use of compatible density with surrounding neighborhoods. Public This classification is designed to include all public buildings such as the Township Hall offices, the U.S. Post Office, public schools etc. as a land use which will not conflict with adjacent residential uses, yet provide for -40- �needed community oriented public space and access. The maintenance of these buildings and properties is expected to continue to further provide the local public needs and services as required by the Township residents. All regional public space or any public uses under the jurisdiction of the county, State or Federal government, utilities and semi-public agencies and authorities, should be developed only in clo~e consultation with the Township. Commercial Rehabilitation District Commercial businesses require high accessibility and visibility to attract potential shoppers and compete with neighboring retail centers. Therefore, a community's commercial areas are highly visible and play an important role in shaping public perceptions on the quality of the overall community. In effect, these larid uses, such as retail areas on highly travelled r.6ads, become the "book cover" which either enhances or detracts from community image and property values. A characteristic of highly utilized or patronized commercial establishments is often the deterioration of building and site materials and surfaces. Facilities of this type require constant maintenance, regular reinvestment, and periodic rehabilitation to properly minimize the effects of climatic and user wear. A lack of reinvestment on one property is contagious and older areas generally require a coordinated rehabilitation effort to be effective. Also, this effort generally requires public coordination of design and installation of public improvements. The plan identifies Rochester Road within the Lakeville limits as a Commercial Rehabilitation District. The proper maintenance and rehabilitation of this commercial district is vital to the functional, economic, and aesthetic character and the positive image of the entire .Township. · A program of revitalization with shared public and private responsibilities should be initiated. Fragile \~a terf rant · Development Areas The development pattern of waterfront prop~rties in Addison Township has been, as in many communities in Southeastern Michigan, often characterized by narrow lots of minimum area and building setback. This pattern has largely resulted from the recreational, aesthetic, and environmental assets of watercourses desirable for summer cottages and year-round homes. By permitting these minimum development standards, more people have been given an opportunity to enjoy the unique features of lakefront living. In Addison Township, lakefront development pressures have been most felt on properties around Lakeville Lake. Presently, the lake receives heavy use from lakefront residents and those persons gaining access via the public boat launching facility off Lakeville Road. Lake 11 use 11 is not only characterized -41- �by boating, fishing, swimming, and sailing. Lakes must also endure the less obvious, often negative characteristics of lakefront growth, such as: the ability to handle stormwater runoff; the potential for reduced water quality due to soil erosion and sedimentation; and the hazard of water contamination from improperly designed, located and/or operating septic tanks~ Stormwater Management, soil erosion and sedimentation control, and septic system design are all controlled under the jurisdiction of either the State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR), the County Drain Commission, or the County Health Department. Although the Township is provided with verification that these lakefront concerns are properly addressed, all permits of this nature are obtained at one of these County or State agencies. Presently, no one governmental body, be it at the State, County or local level, functions to control water quality from a comprehensive viewpoint. The potential danger in granting a building permit based on a gathering of autonomous decisions is that the collective results of obtained permits may be damaging to water quality of a lake. · In recognizing the desirability of lakefront living, the pressure to develop those remaining areas as intensely as possible, and the subsequent potential for degradation of water quality, several Fragile Waterfront Development Areas are identified on the Land Use Plan. It is recommended that within these fragile areas future developmfnt be restricted to a density of one (1) dwelling unit per two (2) acres. Provision of parcels of this dimension would: permit more flexibility in building location; allow the preservation of more natural features and wildlife habitats; control the increase of stormwater runoff; allow greater separation of buildings and septic tanks from lakefronts; and limit the increase of lake users. The Township should not consider any increase in density beyond the one dwelling unit per two acres without complete documentation that such an increase in density would not adversely impact the quality of Lakeville Lake water. This 11 documentation 11 would be in •the form of an environmental impact statement which fully identified: all existing environmental characteristics of the site; proposed alterations to the site regarding topography, vegetation, drainage, soils, watercourses and wetlands; proposed land use, site access, and pertinent setbacks; location and type of site utilities; number of people to be housed and an estimate of vehicular and recreational lake traffic generated by the project; and detailed methods of controlling stormwater runoff, soil erosion and sedimentation. By requiring a developer to prepare an environmental impact statement when requesting a zoning ordinance variation permitting increased density, the Township places the 11 burden 11 on the developer to prove that no undesirable environmental impacts will result. In doing so, the Township obtains, in a complete and comprehensive manner, all the vital information on which to approve or disapprove a proposed project. -42- �Utilities (Detroit Edison and Lakehead Pipeline) Two major utility rights-of-way are located in the Township which absorb a significant amount of land area. Since these facilities have environmental impacts, their expansion or the development of new installations should be made only in close consultation with the Township. -43- �Circulation Plan Thoroughfares or arterials function to provide for through traffic, access for abutting uses and to collect and dispense traffic from hierarchy streets. Based on function, thoroughfares are classified in a hierarchial system which recognizes capacities and functions in a progresssive fashion. The circulation system in Addison Township consists primarily of Oakland County Road Commussion (OCRC) maintained and classified roads with the exception of private roads. OCRC roads are classified as primary, local, natural beauty or sub-local (subdivision) with right-of-way (ROW) width varying upon classification. The OCRC right-of-way master plan functionally classifies roadway as major thoroughfare or collector and proposes right-of-way width for each classification. The purpose of right-of-way width is to provide adequate improvements (traffic lanes, shoulder, utilities, intersections, medians, turning lanes, drainage and landscaping) and to accommodate volumes. However, within each right-of-way the function can be changed through improvements - subtracting or adding lanes, increasing or decreasing access points. Since the Township adoption of the Inter-County Highway Plan requires the Township to respect future ROW boundaries when establishing setbacks, the Township may want to reconsider adoption and amend its portion of the Plan. The purpose of the Cirr.ulation Plan for Addison Township is to recognize the circulation needs of the surrounding region and communities coordinate as much as possible the County master ROW plan with the Township Master Plan while protecting the Township from the negative impacts of traffic. Major Thoroughfares Major Thoroughfares with ROW's of 120 feet are proposed as the function classification for: North-South Routes Rochester Road Lake George, Oakwood, Hosner Road Dequindre to Leonard Road East-West Routes Leonard, Oakwood Roads Lakeville, Mack Roads Drahner, Brewer Roads Romeo Road These roads are generally spaced at two mile interval, and provide the circulation framwork for the community currently and within the scope of the plan. Improvements such as paving, (beyond lesser improvements and refinements to -44- �Lakeville, Rochester and Romeo Roads) should be limited to these thoroughfares and carefully timed with development. The primary function of major thoroughfares is to provide access to the community, provide inter-county continuity and to feed regional thoroughfares and freeways. The system provides major access and linkage to all areas of the Township and to adjoining communities and provides an adequate framework for the location of more intensive land uses. Natural Beauty Roads The natural beauty road program (as provided under Act 150, P.A. 1970, as amended) is designed to preserve in a natural, essentially undisturbed condition, certain township primary and local roads having unusual or outstanding natural beauty by virtue of native vegetation or other natural features within or associated with the right-of-way for the use and enjoyment of local residents and the public in general. In addition to the existing Natural Beauty roads, (Yule Road, Indian Lake Road and Ray Road) Lake George Road north of Oakwood Road meets the visual criteria for establishment as a Natural Beauty Road. Once the physical criteria can be met (i.e. enough signatures to satisfy OCRC petition) an attempt should be made to include this portion of Lake George Road in the Natural Beauty Road program .• Other roads should be studied for potential inclusion in the program. Private Roads Private roads through the Zoning Ordinance, must be constructed to OCRC Class 11 C11 road standards which includes a 60 foot minimum right-of-way. Additional controls may be placed on private roads through zoning ordinance amendment. Additional coordination of private road routes needs to be considered. -45- �Community Facilities Within the total development of a municipality, the prov1s1on of adequate community facilities is important. Often the desirability created by a particular community is directly related to its parks, libraries, schools, and public buildings. Government Services Center Currently Township government administrative services are located in one building in Lakeville. The Township is undertaking actions to make the site a permanent location. The location has the advantages of an existing building, adaptable to township use, convenient access on the Township major thoroughfare and location in the closely settled area of the Township thus reinforcing commercial businesses. As the Township grows, expansion of the site may be necessary to accommodate the following community facilities: recreation, library/museum, a community building, senior center, public safety facilities and a public works garage and yard. The site currently provides adequate area for these functions and related off-street parking. Even if the population should double, the site, properly designed for compatible use relationships, can accommodate these functions,with the exception of a community park site. Although expansion area and access are significant considerations in the location of a township governmental center, the importance of locating community facilities so as to support other land uses, particularly commercial uses, cannot be overemphasized. To locate governmental centers in isolated areas considering only land price and expansion area is usually a short-sighted decision which future Township generations must endure. Recreation At this time the need for Township recreation system parks remains quite low, particularly with the Township's abundance of open space, woodlots and lakes. As the Township becomes developed, both residentially and otherwise, it will be important to give consideration to a community park. Michigan State University Cooperation Extension Service recommends one and one-half acres of community park area for each 1000 residents. The minimum recommended area for a community park is 15-20 acres and would include: softball/baseball fields, multiple use paved areas, playground apparatus area, landscaped and picnic areas, other playfields for soccer and football and substantial offstreet parking. Prior to the establishment of such facilities, the cost of programming and maintenance must be given consideration. Overall, the Plan is designed to avoid densities which would generate a need for such recreational facilities. The unorganized outdoor recreation alternatives within the Township are recognized by residents as a primary community attraction and are perceived as an integral part of Township residency, precluding most of the need for organized facilities, with the exception of a small community park which would include ball fields, parking, and picnic area. -46- �If developed, such a facility should be located with access for the most residents and sited so as to enhance the community image or the image of the section of the Township where it is located. Other Community Facilities As the Township is currently planned, other community facilities can be located at the current Township hall site. The Township, because of its population can probably support only the current facility, equipment and program. The addition of another equipped fire·station would not add service beyond that which is currently available through mutual aid from adjacent communities. The level of police service currently available from the County Sheriff's office cannot efficiently be duplicated . at the Township level in the forseeable future. -47- �IMPLEMENTATION I �Implementation Strategies Implementation strategies are a key component of any community master plan. They determine how the plan's guidelines and recommendations become reality. The Addison Township Land Use and Circulation Plan should not be viewed as a finished product. As events or needs of the Township- demand, various adjustments or additions will need to be made. It is not anticipated that the P,an's major goals and objectives will require change,rather, as the plan is interpreted and implemented, certain aspects will require periodic adjustment, however. Zoning The To\'mship Zoning Ordinance is a primary tool in the achievement .of the Plan's goals. Although the plan map is not a zoning map, it should be used as a guide to zoning amendment decisions, whether they are initiated by the Planning Commission or by petitioners. _The timing of changes to the zoning map is key to implementing the Plan. The Township may choose to postpone the development of more intensive land uses in the western part of the Township and thus direct growth toward areas in central or eastern parts of the township or toward areas of existing development. Further, the map's proposals should be viewed as flexible when considering the zoning of specific sites, especially if no pattern has yet been- established. The P,lan does not follow property lines and with the exception of environmental concerns and existing and potential land use conflicts, whether a zoning pattern is established on the east or west side of a thoroughfare is often not the critical issue . - the pattern is. Depending on the rate of developmental change zoning map, an annual appraisal of the zoning generally accepted practice to provide zoning use projection, whereas the Plan is a fifteen and requests for change in the map should be made. It is on the basis of a five year land to twenty year projection. The current zoning ordinance should be reviewed to ins-ure that the environmental, land use and circulation proposals of this plan are reflected in the ordinance, particularly under site plan review and special land use approval standards. Capital Improvements Although the Plan is designed to limit the needs for capital improvements, the Planning Commission has a responsibility (under Section 7 of the Township Planning Act) in the capital improvements programming process. The Township Planning Act (Section 11:)requires the review and approval of all public facilities by the Planning Commission, yet it must be recognized that the Township Board is always the final authority on capital expenditures. Therefore, the Commission must work closely with the Board in all capital matters. Land Division Regulations Like zoning, Subdivision Regulations, under the State Subdivision Control Act (Act 288, P.A. of 1967,as amended) are tools for the implementation of -48- �this Plan.While zoning deals with land use on a site by site basis and activities in selected areas, subdivision .regulations are concerned with the process of dividing land and maintaining the quality of individual developments. Subdivision regulations protect the needs of residents by providing both site design controls and improvement standards. Design controls deal with the arrangement and location of streets, widths and depth of lots, the provision of open space, and the sufficiency of easements for utility i nsta 11 ati ons. Improvement standards insure adequate roads and physical improvements. Most land divisions in Addison Township do not come under the jurisdiction of the State Subdivision Control Act, but instead are regulated by the land division procedures and standards of the zoning ordinance sections dealing with private roads and the division of platted lots and unplatted acreage. Current regulations provide procedures and minimum standards for divisions and improvements, but need revision to adequately provide for maintenance, reconstruction and liability. Commercial Rehabilitation District The Plan designates the Lakeville commercial area as a Commercial Rehabilitation District. It is important that there be recognition given to the process of the physical aging and obsolescence of areas within a community. While rehabilitation and redevelopment reinvestments have traditionally been left to private initiative, townships have increasingly recognized the public interest in the apoearance ahd maintenance of the Township's commercial areas which often establish the community's image and set a standard for other developments. The rehabilitation of blighted areas usually involves a partnership between the Township and private land owners, based upon a plan which identifies both the public and private improvements, allocates financing, determines a scheJule and provides for implementation responsibilities. The rehabilitation of blighted areas is one of the primary purposes for Community Development Block Grant funds which the Township receives based upon a cooperation agreement with Oakland County. Much of the planning and implementation for rehabilitation of Township areas can be coordinated with the provision of Act 169, P.A. of 1970, as amended, which provides the mechanisms for preserving historic districts under the jurisdiction of the Michigan History Division of the Secretary of State's office. Such activities can help to preserve the cultural and historic values of a community and can also further economic development and planning objectives. Agency Liaison The planning program will continue to require coordination between the Township Board, the Zoning Board of Appeals, local school boards, officials of adjacent municipalities, Oakland County and citizen groups. The Plan is a means of assuring this coordination through its portrayal of an overall view of long-range Township goals. -49- �Public Understanding and Support The necessity of citizen participation and understanding of the planning process and the Plan cannot be over-emphasized. A carefully organized public education program is needed to organize and identify public support in any community development plan. The lack of citizen understanding and support can seriously limit implementation of the planning proposals. The failure to support needed bond issues, failure to elect progressive officials, and litigation concerning taxation, special assessments, zoning, and public improvements are some of the results of public misunderstanding of longrange plans. In order to organize public support most effectively, the Township must emphasize the reasons for the planning program and encourage citizen participation in the adoption of the Plan and the continued planning process. Public education can be achieved through an informational program involving talks, newspaper articles, and preparation of simple summary statements on plans for distribution. Participation by residents in various civic groups is evidence of community involvement. Continuous Planning A role of the Planning Commission is to provide planning recommendations to the Township Board. This planning function is a continuous process which does not terminate with the completion of thi-s plan. Rural-residential areas are in constant change and planning is an on-going process of identification, adjustment, and resolution of problems. In order to sustain the planning process and generate positive results, maintain momentum, and respond to change, the Plan should be reviewed and updated every three to five years. -50- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Addison-Twp_Master-Plan_1983 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning Commission. Addison Township, Oakland County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-09-13 Title A name given to the resource Addison Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource Master Plan for Addison Township, Oakland County, Michigan developed by Wzacny & McKenna Associates Incorporated. Adopted by the Planning Commission September 13, 1983. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Wzacny & McKenna Associates Incorporated (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Addison (Mich. : Township) Oakland County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/858de2dcae220de19d3b54a8b681ab50.pdf aa625c55d9636e10f9ce875ef4e15481 PDF Text Text I ADDISON TOWNSHIP \ I ZONING . ORDINANCE I PRICE TWO DOLLARS ' . . . .,., �-Outline of ADDISON TOWNSHIP ZONING ORDINANCE NO. 1 PREFACE Title Ordaining 01-ause AR'ttCLE ; 1 Short Title II Definitions m Geneml Provisions JJV Township Zoning Districts V •Residential #1 IDlstrlcts - "~1" VI Residential #2 DJstrlcis - .•'lt.i.'• , Viii[ Residential #3 Districts ,-· ''R- " VIII Subur,ban •F arms 'Districts :.. •~;, • IX Agricultural Districts - "A" X Mining Districts - "M" XI Commercial Districts· - "C" Xi[[ Oommereial Recreational Dlatrlets - "OR'· lCIJ!I Industna.l Districts·,- '"I''· XIV IPlibllc or Institutlon_a l ~tiicts : "Pl" :xv XJVI Trailer Oourt Districts ~ "TC" Administration XVliI ,Board of Appeals xvm XilX Changes and Amendm~nts Violations and Penalties xx severance Clause Conflicting iProvlslons Repealed XXI XXlI Effective Date 1 . ., �ZONING ORDINANCE of the Township of Addison, Oakland County, Michigan Ordinance No. 1 TITLE An Ordinance to provide for the establishment of Zoning Districts within the unincorporated areas of the Township of Aaaison, Oakland County, Michigan, within ·which Zoning Districts the use of land for residence, trade, in dustry, minµlg, agricu!:;ure, recreation, forestry, soil conservation and water con:servanon shall be regulated in order more effectively to protect and promote public health, safety, peace and welfa:rl!;; to regulate the use, location, hei~t, area, size and location of ,buildings and structures including tents and trailer-coaches; to regulate construction and ,alter.ation; to provide for An].~ndments, Supplements or 'Changes; to provide for the Administration of this Ordinance; to provide for Appeal by Persons A'ffe_cted; to provide Penalties for vJ9lation · of this Ordinance and 1(1 supersede the Addison Township Interim Ordinance of May . . . , . .. . . ~:i~~1955. .' .:.- THE TOWN!SHIP BOARD OF ~ADDISON TOWNSHlP ORDAINS adoption of this Ordinance in the interest of public health, safety, morals, convenience, comfort; and ·to provide for more favorable land use designed .t o stabilize and enhance property and civic values with reasonaible consideration .to the nature of existing structur-es and districts and their paDticular suitability for specific uses within t he· reasonable limits of a more uniform land use pattern; to lessen cohges-tion, disorder and danger. · In order more effectively to accomplish the aims and purposeiLof this comprehensive 'p1ari, the township is divided 1nto districts deemed most suitable for the use designated within the scope and intent of this Ordinance, in the best public interests; and by further regulation to limit the nature, location, use and occupancy of building, structures and land. This Ordinance is established . pursuant to aU'thority granted by Act 184 of Michigan Public Acts of 1943, as amended. ARTICLE I SHORT TITLE This Ordinance, of which the Addison Township Zo~ing Map is a part, shall be known and may for brevity .be: cited ·as thel 2 �ADDISON 'I'OWNSHIP ZONING ORDINANOE. ARTICLE II . DEFINITION OF WORDS AND TERMS For -the purpose· of this Ordinance, certain words and terms are here defined.. Words used in the present tense include the future tense; use of the singular includes the plural and use of plural includes. singular; 1ihe words "shall" ·and "will" are mandatory, not merely directory. · 2:01 ADDENDUM Any subsequent addition or Appendix to this Ordinance but not changing any existing provisions. 2:02 ALLEY Any dedicated public way not more •than thirty feei wide and affording secondary ingress and egress th ·1and or structures thereon. f 2:03 ALTERATIONS As applied to a bu1ldlng or structure, meail.$' a change or rearrangement in the structural par·t s or in •the exit facilities, or ,a n eµ.largement, whether by extencllp.g o_n a side or by increasing in height, or the -moving fr.om one loca,. tion or position to 'another. ~ , 2:04 APARTMENT HOUSE A dwelling for three -or more families living independently of each other and doing their·cooking in the premises. 2 :05 BASEMENT A basement is that portion of a bu1lding partly below ~ade but so loca;ted •t hat the v·ertical distance from grade to · the floor ls greater than the vertical distance ,from the gr,ade te the ceiling; provid~d that when the vertical distancti from the ceiling to the grade is five (5) feet or more such ,b asement shall be conside.r ed as a story. Any room otherwise _qualifying as. being habitable shall be subject to the ventilation and sanitary regulations of Addison Township and of Oakland County. the I "'i 2:06 BUILDING A structur,e having a roof suppor,t ed .by columns or walls for the shelter or enclosure of persons, animals or chattels. When any portion is completely separ~ted from every other par,t by division walls from the ground up and without optinings, each portton of such building· shall be deenied a separa·t e building. . . 3 �2:07 BUILDING PERMIT The written authority issued by the Building Inspector of the Township or by the Appeal Board permitting the construction, removal, alteration or use of a building in conformity to the provisions of this ordinance and the Addison Township Building Code. 2:08 CARPORT A structure permanently attached to a dwelling and having a roof supported by columns, -b ut not otherwise enclosed. 2 :09 COMMEROIAL or "Commercial Use" .relates to the use of property in connection with purchase, sale, barter,' display or exchange of goods, wares, merchandise or personal services and the maintenance or operation ,t h~reon of buildings, offices, stores, shops, recrea-tional or -amusement enterprises. 2 : 10 DWELLING Any house or building or portion thereof which is designed for or occupied as a ho.me, residence or sleeping plaee of one or more persons either perma nently or transiently. In case of mixed occupancy where a •building is occupied in par,t as a dwelling, the parit so occupied shall ·b e deemed a dwelling and shall be subject to the provisions of this Ordinance applying to dwellings. 2: 11 ERECTED Include~ built, constructed, reconstructed, or moved upon and any dirt moving, drainage or •fill related to erection. 2 : 12 ESSENTIAL SERVICES The erection, construction, alteration or maintenance by public utilities or municipal departments or commission, of underground or overhead gas, electrical, communication, steam or water transmission or distribution systems, including poles, wires, mains, drains, sewers, pipes, :conduits, cables, fire alarm boxes, police call boxes, traffic signals, hydrants, towers and other similar equipment and ·accessories in connection therewith, but not _i,:icluding buildings, reasonably necessary for the furnishing of adequate service by such public utilities or municipal depart-; 4 �men ts or commissions for the public health, safety or general welfare. 2:13 FARM All tlhe contiguous, nei,ghboring or associated land comprising not less than ten (10) acres and operated directly or indirectly for normal farm use but excluding the raising of fur.bearing animals, game, fish hatcheries, piggeries, stockyards, public or private dumping, mining and other operations ordinarily considered commercial rather than agricultural in nature. 1 2:14 GARAGE, PRIVATE A space or structure suitable for storing one · or more automobiles and designed and u.sed for private rather than public, commercial or industrial purposes. 2:15 GARAGE, PUBLIC A building or structure designed or used for the s•t orage, c,a re, repair or commercial display of a"Q,tomobiles, tractors. trucks or other power equipment. , i ·/ 2:16 GRADE ~·-· ,. .,:. l.r The average elevation of the finished .surface of the ground adjacent to the ~terior walls of •tI?-e building. 2: 17 HAZARDOUS USES All uses which involve the storage, sale, manufacture or processing of materials whioh are risky and combustible and are likely to burn moderately, but from which neither poisonous ;fumes nor explosions are to be anticipa,ted in the event of fire, and listed ,by the Basic Building Code 1954 amended edition prepared by the Building Official Oonference of America, Inc. 2: 18 HEIGHT, BUILDING Refe.rs to the vertical distance measured from the grade at the building front to the highest point of the roof for flait roofs; to deck line for mansard roofs; and to the mean height level (.between eaves and ridge) for gable, ihip and gambrel roofs. Where a buildi.n g is located on a terrace, the height may be measured from the average grade of the terrace along the front-to-back building walls. 2:19 HOME OCCOUPA'l'ION Any occupation or profession carried on by .a member of -a family, residing on the premises, in connection wi,th i 5 �is employed other than a member of the immediate family residing on the premises; and further, provided, that not over twenty-five (25) per eent of the total actual flo01:- · area of any one story is used for such occupation or profession. 2:20 KENNEL Any lot or premises on which ,three (3) or more dogs are kept, either permanently or temporarily boarded. 2:21 LODG]NG HOUSE A building where lodging is provided for three or more, but not exceeding twenty (20) persons. which there is used no sign other than one non-illuminated name plate, which is not more hllan one square foot in area, attached to the building entrance; provided that no commodity is sold upon the premises and no person :1.:22 LOT A lot is a piece or parcel of land occupietl or .t o be occupied by a buUding or structure, or use, or by .ot}:rer activity per- mitted thereon an-d including the open .:spaces ;required under this Ordinance. A lot need not be a lot of existing record. 2:23 LOT, CORNER A corner lot is a lot of which at least two adjacent sides abut for their full length upon a street. 2 :24 LOT COVERAGE The part or percentage of the lot occupied by buildings or structures, including accessory buildings or structures. 2:25 LOT, INTERIOR An interior lot is a lot other than a corner lot. 2:26 LOT LINE, FRONT In the case of a lot abutting upon one street, the f.ront lot line is the line separating such lot from such street. In the case of any obher lot one such line shall be elected to be the front lot line for the purpose of this ordinan~e, provided it is so designated in the building -p lans filed for -a pproval wit-h the Department of Buildings. 2:27 LOT LINE, REAR 'r.he rear lot line is that boundary which is opposite and most distant from the front lot line. In the case of a lot 6 �.I po-inted at the rear, the rear lot line shall •be that assumed line parallel to the front line, not less .t han ten (iO) feet long, lying most distant from the fr-ont 1-ot line and wholly within the lot. 2 :28 LOT LI-NE, SIDE A side lot line is any lot boundary line not a front lot line or a rear .lot line.· A side lot line separating a lot from a _street is a side .str_e et _lqt line.. A side lot line separating lot from another lot or lots is an interior lot line. a 2:29 MINI!NlG Refers fo the site and/or -~ctivity of st~ne quarries, gravel or sand pits, peat operations, commercial excavation of · ~rt and other mining or burrowing ,activities related to the physical removal .for intended profit of natural materials and resources other than lumber. · - 2:30 MOBILE HOME . .. . . ~e TRAII,ER COAC!H 2:31 ' ,'.•. MOTOR SURPLY STATION .-, /~-_: A motor supply station is a bullding or struS;ture designed or used for the retail sale or supply of. ,fuels, lubrlcants; air, water and other operating commodities for mQtor ve'hic1es, a_n;d including space or facilities for -t he· storage, r_e pair, refinishing or other servicing thereof, 2:32 PIGGERJY For the purposes of this Ordinance, the word ."piggery" applles to a .place where pigs are raised eommercially and are fed substantial amounts of garbage or · other waste food ma,teriaJs having obnoxious or unsanitary characteristics. 2:33 PUBLIC U'NLITY Any person, firm, corporation, municipal department or board duly authorized to furnish, :;1;nd fur11ishing under municipal or stat,e regulation to the public, transportation, water, g.as·,. electricity, telephone, steam, telegraph, sewage disposal or other essential services. 2:34 ROADSIDE STANDS A roadside stand is -a temporary or permanent building operated for the purpose of ·selling only produce raised or produced by the proprietor of rflhe stand or his family, and its use shall not_ mak;e into a commercial · district land 7 �which would oth erwise be an agricultural district, nor shall its use be deemed a commercial activity, but such stand, lf of a permanent character shall not be more than one story high nor larger than 20 feet by 20 feet. 2: 35 SETBACK 'Dhe minimum horizontal distance between the front line of the building, excluding steps and unenclosed porches, and the front street or right of way line is tlhe setback. 2:36 STORY That portion of a building Included between the surface of any floor and the ceiling next above is a story. A basement shall be considered a story If its ceiling is more than five (5) feet above the average established grade or if it is used for business purposes. 2:37 STORY, HALF A story which is situated wl•thi.n a sloping roof, the area of which at a height four (4) feet above the floor does not exceed two-thirds (2/ 3) of the floor ~ea directly below it and wherein living quarters -are used only as a part of the dwelling situated in the story below, 2:38 S.IGNS Any structure, or part thereof on which there is lettered, pictured, or displayed matter, the chief purpose of w.hleh is for advertising or publicity. 2:39 TOWNSHIP BOARD The words "township board" appearing in this Ordinance shall mean the Township Board of Addison Township. 2:40 TENTS Tents as used in this Ordinance shall not include those used solely for children's recreational purposes. 2:41 TRAILER COACH OR MOBILE HOME Mobile home or trailer coach ls hereby defined and declared to be any vehicle used or intended for use, as a conveyance upon the public streets or highways and Ii. c.eµsed as such; and shall include selfpropelled and nonselfpropelled vehicles so designed, constructed or recontruct.e d or added to by means of portable accessories or ot;herwise in such a manner as will permit the occupancy thereof as a temporary dwelling or sleeping place for one or more persons, and having no founda·tion other than 8 �wheels, jacks or skirting so arranged as to be integral with or part of said Trailer Coach. 2:42 TRAILER COACH OR MOBILE HOME PARK This term applies to any lot or tract of land upon which two (2) or more occupied trailer coaches or mobile homes are harbored either with or without charge and including any building or enclosure intended for use as a part of the equipment of such park. 2 :43 UTILITY ROOM A room or space, located other than in the basement, specifically designed and constructed to house any home utilities or laundry facilities. 2:44 USE The purpose for which land or buildings ther-eon are designed, arranged, or intended to be occupied or maintained. 2:45 /i-:.-. USE, NONCONFORMING A building or premises occupied by a use )that does not conform with the use regulations of the dist;,i'ict in which it is located, shall be considered a non-:coiiforming use. Existing buildings or str uctures, shall n ot' b e deemed nonconforming, because they do not meet the area, height, yard requirements or swe of 'buildings as specified in the district regulations. 2:46 YARD An open space •a•t gJ.'!llde line between a ibuilding and the adjoining lot lines, unoccupied and unobstructed from the ground upw.ard, shall be tJhe minimum horizontal distance between a lot line and the nearest line of the main building. I ,I, 2:47 YARD, FRONT A yard ·extending acrosss the full width of the lot between the front line and 1lhe nearest line of the main building. 2:48 YARD. REAR open space extending across ·t he rear of a lot measured between lot lines and being the minimum horizontal dist'lnce between the rear lot line and the rear of the main building or any projections other than steps, unenclosed balconies or unenclosed porches. On cornier lots the rear yard shall be considered -a s parallel to the street upon An 1 9 �which the lot has its least dimension. On corner lots and interior ·1ots, tihe rear yard shall, in all cases, be at the opposite end of the lot from -the front yard. 2:49 YARJD, SIDE An open space extending -between the side lot line and the nearest side line of the dwelling and extending from the rear line of dwelling ,to the front lot line . . ARTICLE Ill GENERAL PROVISIONS 3:01 No buildi_n g or land shall be used, altered, constructed, reconstructed or moved -e xcept in conformance wi.th general provisions ·of this Ordinance and with the specific provisions established for the Zoning Distrfot involved. 3:02 SAiFETY The building inspector, who is charge,r with administration and enforcement of this code, may decree structures improper or unsafe for occupancy and may suspend construction, alteration or occupancy un,til the conditions are corrected. Violation of t,he •building inspector's decree is puniShable as described by the Addison Township Zoning Ordinance and Building Code. 3:03 HEALTH AND SANITATION Regulations of the Oakland county Health Departme~ t shall be used by the building inspector in his examination of matters involving health and sanitation. No outside privies shall be built, constructed or used except those in connection with a farm and then only if located more than 200 feet from any boundary line of the farm and from all highways. No basement or habitable room shall be located adjacent to any lake, stream, or water overflow area, or Within a poorly drained area, unless it is so situated that the floor shall be above the high water level. 3 :04 INGRESS AND EGRESS Each dwelling and each commercial or industrial building shall have at least two doors providing ingress and egress. One of these doors shall be at the front and the other shall be at the rear or side . . 10 �3:05 TEMPORARY DWELLINGS It shall not be lawful for any person to erect or occupy a •temporary dwelling ; provided, however, that .a garage, basement or trailer may be occupied as a temporary dwelling for a period of not more than six months i1 construction of a permanent dwelling is actually under way and in active progress during the period of temporary occupancy and providing sanitary and other condi-tions are expressly approved by the ·b uilding inspector as meeting the minimum requirement under this Ordinance. Occupancy 1beyond ·six months or failure .to ,h ave the s tructure approved for temporary occupancy shall constitute a violation puniShable under Article XIX of this Ordirrance. 3: 06 GENERAL STRUCTURA'L REQUffiEMENTS Improper buildings. Any building, structuxe or part in violation of this Ordinance, as far as nature, use or location, shall be deemed an unlawful structure and a nuisance and may be required to be vacate,d, torn down or corrected and shall not be used or occupied af.ter written notice has ·been given by the Building· Iits'P.ector that the structure is unlawful. Penalties for viota,t1on are described 'in Article XIX of this Ordinance. ', Height. All -dwellings shall have a height, above grade of at least 9 feet but not more than 35 fee.t. Commercial and industrial buildings shall have a height of not less than 12 feet nor more than 50 feet unless otherwise specifically approved by the Appeal Board. 3 :07 - FRONT YARDS Every lot or parcel of land on which a dwelling or other principal building is hereafter -erected, altered or moved, shall have a front yard not less .~han thirty-five (35) feet in depth measuring from the established or map indicated road line. In the case of a lot or parcel of land located in a block or area adjacent to existing neighboring buildings on the same side of .the street or highway baving front yards less than said depth, the front yards of said ,b uildings shall be not less -than the average depth of the front ya-r ds of such existing buildings. 3:08 SIDE YARDS al Every dwelling 'hereafter erected, altered or moved upon a lot or pare-el of land shall have a side yard on each side thereof which shall be not less <than five (5) feet in width. bl Every commercial or industrial ·b uilding hereaf,t er erected, altered or moved upon a lot or parcel of land shall have 11 �c) 3:09 a side yard which shall be not less. th.a n twenty (20) feet in width. No building shall be located closer than three (3) feet to a property line. The . width of a side yard abutting upon a side street or highway shall be not less than the front yard required on an adjoining int,erior lot or parcel of land fronting upon such side street or highway, but this shall not reduce the buildable width of any lot or parcel of land existing and on puplic record at the time of passage of this Ordinance to less than thirty (30) feet. REAR YARDS Every principal- building, including dwellings, shall have a rear yard of not less than fifty (50) feet in deptJh. 3:10 Yards for Apar,tment Houses, Multiple-dwellings, Hotels and ,Motels are set forth under Article VII of this Zoning Ordinance. 1 3:11 GARBAGE DISPOSAL OR DUMiPING GROUNDS No gar,bagie, sewage, rubbish, offal, · r.endering products, or industrial waste may be dumped ''in' any area of the Township unless in a public dump approved and author~ ized by the Township Board; nor shall any garbage, sewage, rubbish, or offal be fed to poultry,~ live stock or other animals. 3: 12 HOUSEHOLD PETS Animals weighing in excess of 100 pounds may not be maintained on parcels having less than 40,000 square feet of ground area, exclusive of the space occupied by buildings. Facilities for housing such animals, unless kept in the dwelling, must be a minimum of 75 feet from any boundary line and the keeping of such animals must not constitute a nuisance. ARTICLE IV TOWNSHIP ZONING DISTRICTS 4 :01 For the purpose of this Ordinance, the Township of Addison shall be divided into the following districts, which shall be ·known by the names and symbols here shown: RESIDENTIAL #1 R-1 RESIDENTIAL #2 R -2 RESIDIDNTIAL #3 R-3 AGRICULTURAL A SUBURBAN FARMS SF MINING M 12 �COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL RECREATIONAL PUBLIC OR INSTITUTION,AL TRAILER COURT'S C I C. R. P T. C. Except as otherwise provided in this Ordinance, erection of buildings and use of land shall conform ,to the specific provisions for the zoning districts involved. However, any lawful nonconforming structure or use existing at -the time of passage of this Ordinance may be continued, provkLing this structure or use was not initiated in violation of pr,evious zoning regulati-ons and further providing that •the struc-tu11e, ·building, lot, or land involved shall neither be structurally altered nor enlarged except to comply with the provisions of this Ordinance. Further, when a nonconforming use is discontinued through vacancy, lack of operation or otherwise for a period of six continuous months, thereafter no rig,ht shall exist to continue the nonconforming use unless the Board of Appeals grants such privilege within an additional six months period. Change from a nonconforming use tQ a conforming use does not permit later return to a noacqnforming use. Installation and operation of necessary governmental and public utility services •Other than buildings ',and yards is permitted in all dis·tricts. The Board of •Appeals shall have the power -to permi-t the erection and operi:i.tion of public service ,buildings in such cases where compliance with other sections of this ordinance would be detrimental to public healoth, safety or welfare. ARTICLE V RESIDENTIAL #1 DISTRiICTS (R-1) 5:01 Individual lots in R-1 Districts shall c-ontain not less tihan 20,000 square feet with a wi-dth of not less than 100 feet at the front building line. In all Residential (.R-1) Districts no ,building or land, except as otherwis,e provided in this Ordinance, shall be erected or used except for one or more of the following specified uses: (a) One family dwellings. (b) Public schools, elementary and high schools, and other public or parochial educational institutions. lc) Public parks and playgrounds. (di Churches, community buildings, municipal faciUties, publicly owned and operated museums and libraries, af11er approval by -the Board of Appeals. (e) Home occupations after approval by the Board of Appeals. 13 ----- -_...,. - . ---- -· -= - -·-·- -~-' �II II Temporary buildings for uses incidental to construction work, which buildings shall be remov-ed upon completion or abandonment of the construc,tion work. Such temporary buildings shall not be used as dwellings. 1g) Accessory J:mildings or uses customarily incident to any of the above permitted uses, when located on the same lot and not involving any business, profession, trade or occupa,tion. (h) Private garages an d carports. (i) Publicly owned buildings, public utility buildings, t elephone exchanges, tr ansformer stations and substations without storage yard, afteer approval gr an t ed by the Board of Appeals. , f, 5:02 Every building or structure in R-1 Districts shall be built and used as a one family dwelling, with or without an attached or unattached garage ,except as otherwise specifically allowed in this Ordinance. t 5:03 Every one (1 ) story dwelling· shall have an enclosed first floor area (excluding garages, utility rooms, -porches a nd breezeways) o:f not less th an 720 squa:r e fe et. The same exclusions apply to Sections 5:04 and 5:05, following. 5:04 The corresponding enclosed first floor area of ev,ery one and one-half story dwelling shall be not less than six hundred twenty-four squar,e feet (624) and shall have aggregate floor area of not less than nine hundred thirty-six (936) ·:Square feet. 5:05 If the dwelling is a full two (2) story structure, the first floor area shall be not less than five hundred twenty-eight (52·8) square feet and the aggregate floor area shall be not less than ten hundred fifty-six (1056) square feet. 5:06 Provisions applying to other structures, yards, yard lines, health, safety, erection, alteration, repair and other pertinent matters not specifically described in Article V will be regulated in other Articles of this Ordinance and in the Addison Township Building Code. ARTICLE VI RESIDENTIAL NO. 2 DISTRICTS 6:01 Individual lots in R-2 Districts shall contain not less than 30,000 square feet with a width of not less than 125 feet at the front building line. In all Residential (R-2) Districts no building or land, except as otherwise provided in this Ord-inance, shall be erected or U,1Jed except for one or more of the following specified uses: 14 �One.family dwellings. Public schools, elementary and high schools, and other public or parochial educational insti-tutions. (c) Public parks and 'p laygrounds. (d) Churches, community buildings, municipal facilities, publicly owned and operated museums and libraries, after approval by the Board of Appeals. (e) Home occupations after approval ,by the Board of Appeals. (f) Temporary buildings for uses incidental to consti:uction work, which buildings shall be remov,ed upon completion or abandonment of the construction work. Such temporary buildings shall not be used as dwellings. (g) Accessory buildings or uses customarily incident to any of the aboVle permitted uses, when located on the same lot and not involving any 1business, profession, trade or occupation. (h) Private garages and carpor-ts. (i) Publicly owned buildings, public utility- ;puildlngs, telephone exch anges, transformer stations ,an:d substa,tlons without storage yard, after approval granted: ,by •t he Board of Appeals. ·· UlJ (b) .1 I ·/ ·r 6: 02 Every building or structure in R-2 Districts shall ,be built and used as a one family dwelling, with or without an attached or unattached garage except as otherwise specifically allowed· by this Ordinance. 6:03 Every one (1) story dwelling shall have an enclosed first floor area (excluding ,garages, utility rooms, porches and breezeways) of not less than one thousand (1000) square feet. The same exclusions, here described, apply to Sections 6:04 and 6:05, following. 1., I J. 6:04 The correspon ding enclosed first floor area of every one and one-half (1½) story dwelling shall be not less than eight hundred (800) square feet and the aggregate floor area shall be not less than twelve hundred (1200) square feet. 6:05 If the dwelling is a full two (2) story structure, the first floor area shall be not less than seven hundred twenty (720) square feet and the -aggregate shall be not less than fourteen hundred forty (1440) square feet. 6 :06 Provisions applying •to other structures, yards, yard lines, health, safety, erection, altera·tion, repair and other per15 �nl ADDISON I Fro'ft:;;_~ Geo Clar/( 320 I/fl._ ~ Mi' ::• , I €!5 ':; ,, IID!LI"\ 320 _ RE,j/ OEN TIA L I [,;;;;;;:;;;;ii;! R£SII)£Al TIAL JZ"·~ RE.SIl}f/VT//1 L .ZlZ !::;:-::.1 _AGR!CVLTI/RA L c=J MI/V/#Gtmm . CCJMMEl?CML llllllll · /)/ILJtlSTRIAL IOMM£1i'CIAL RcCl?EATIOIVAL~ , ,Po'8LIC PJ?tJ.Pf/i'TY or.7.4/STITO"T/cJAIA L ~ .5{!8/JRBU/?1311/V FAl?MSl\\m\~\\li TR/1/LfR COtll?TS ~ L. . • !"' ) �tinent matters not specifically d•escribed in Article VI will be regulatory as established in later ar-ticles of the Ordinance and in the Building Code. ARTICLE VII RESIDENTIAL NO. 3 DISTRICTS (R-3) 7:01 Individual lots in R-3 Districts (Multiple Dwellings) shall contain not less than twenty thousand (20,000) square feet, plus ,ten thousand (10,000) square feet for each family unit of a multiple family dwelling constructed. The lot width at the front building line shall be not less than two hundred f,eet. (a} One-family dwellings. (b) Public schools, elementary and high schools, and other public or parochial educational insti,tutions. (c} Public parks and playgrounds. (d) Churches, community buildings, municipal facilities, publicly owned and operated museums and libraries, after approval by the Board of Appeals. (e) Home occupations after approval ,by the •iBo,ard of Appeals. (0 Temporary buildings for uses incidental to construction work, which buildings shall be removed. upon completion or abandonment of -the construction work. Such temporary ,b uildings shall not be used as dwellings. (g) Accessory buildings or uses customarily incident to any of the abov>e permitted uses, when located on the same lot and not involving any business, profession, trade or occupation. (h) Private garages and carpor-ts. (i) Publicly owned buildings, public utlllty buildings, telephone exchanges, transformer stations and substS1tions without storage yard, after approval granted •by ·t he Board of Appeals. 7:02 Every building or structure in R-3 Districts shall be built and used as single or multiple dwellings wi.tb or without attached garages except as otherwise specifically allowed in later articles of this Ordinance. 7:03 Not more than six family units shall be included in any s,tructure erected within R-3 Districts. Such structures shall be continuous, with unbroken foundation lines and a single roof. 7:04 The enclosed living area shall be not less than one thousand (1000) square feet plus five hundred (500) square feet of 18 �enclosed living area for each dwelling unit in excess of two uni-ts and designed for other than transient occupancy. 7:05 ~ i Dwellings and units of dwellings shall not be constructed or used in R-3 Districts for transient rental. Structures designed for or used as Hotels, Motels, Rooming· Houses or Boarding Houses are confined. to Commercial Districts (C), only. ARTICLE VIII SUBURBAN FARMS DISTRICT (SF) I In a Subul"ban Farms District no building or land may be used except for either residential or truck gardening purposes but such use may include the raising of poultry and animals and the proper housing thereof and necessary accessary buildings for permitted uses. ~Ol 1 However, the continuous non-conforming use as agricultural land -of areas occupied and used as farms at the time of passage of this Ordinance shall not be in vJola-tion of this Ordinance. · "· No dwelling shall be erected, altered or moved mto this District which provides less than seven hundred twenty (720) square feet of enclosed living space on- the ,.fiJ:st floor and otiherwise conforms to the minimum requi'.r~ments estab/isbed for dwellings in R-1 Districts u.n der ,this O1'dmauce. 8:03 -~ yards in this di.s trict shall have a minimum width of two hundred (200) feet a·t the front building line and the total lot area shall be not less than forty thousand (40,000) square feet per dwelling. · · 8:05 TOILETS. No outside privies shall be permitted in this district, and all dwellings shall be equipped with inside toilets connected with adequate septic tanks. REFUSE. No piles nor accumulations of refuse or manure shall be permitted in ·this district unl-ess they be at least seventy-five feet (75) from all boundary lines. 8 :07 HEALTH. All dwellings in this district shall be subjec·t to the provisions of the Ordinance and Building Code. · 8:08 TRAILER COACHES, etc. The use of trailer coaches, tents, · or por-ta•ble dwellings shall not he considered either as a dwelUng nor permitted as a legal accessory use in this District. 8:06 8:09 ROAD SiIDE STANDS shall be permitted if they are not otherwise in violation of law or regulation. 19 �I I ARTICLE IX AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS (A) 1 In (A) Di.stricts, except as otherwise provided for in this Ordinance, all buildings shall be erected and all land shall be used only for one or more of the following specified uses: One-family dwellings. b) ;Public, pa.r-0chial, private and nursery schools, churches, community buildings, municipal facilities, municipal parks and playgrounds. ) General farming, including horticulture, dairying, livestock and poultry raising, farm forestry and similar bona fide ag. ricultural enterprises or uses of land and struc-tures, except farms operated wholly or in par,t for the disposal of garbage, sewage, rubbish, offal and wastes from rendering plants. d) Farm buildings and greenhouses. e) Truck gardening and nurseries. f) Private parks, gun clubs, golf courses'. ~nd golf driving ranges and game refuge areas. g) The rai.sing of animals for medical experimentation, dog kennels and public and private riding sta.bles and riding academies may be permitted by •the Zoning Board of Appeals subject to the conditions specified in ,the Zoning Ordinance. h) The raising of fur ,bearing animals where the lot area is sufficient in size ·to provide not less than two hundred (200) feet between any lot line and any strueture, cage or pen, housing such fur bearing animals. i) Public utility transformer stations, substations and gas regulator sta·tions without service or storage yards. j) Cemeteries including animal cemeteries or the extension of existing cemeteries on approval of the Township Zoning Board of Appeals. k> Carnivals, outdoor circuses or migratory amusement enterprises subject to the approval of the Board of Appeal& 1) Airports, landing fields and platforms, hangers and other facilities for the operation of aircraft and the extension of such facilities on approval of the Board of Appea.Is. m) Accessory buildings or structures and uses customarily inC.~d,en tal -to any of the above uses when located on the same property. ~ J 20 �n) Road side stands if not otherwise in violation of law or regulation. 9: 02 BUIDDING HIEIGlHT In (A) Districts, no residential buildings, hereafter erected or altered, &hall exceed tJ:lirty-five (35) feet or two and one~half (2½) stories in heigh-t. No barn or prlnclpe.l farm building shall exceed forty (40) feet in height. Provided, however, public or semi-public buildings, churches, cathedrals, temples, hospitals or schools may be erected to a height of fif ty-five (55) feet w.hen set -b ack from all l ot lines not les.s than one (1) foot in addition to the required yard dimension for each foot such building exceeds thirty-five (35) feet. 9 :03 LOT AREA In (A) Districts, every lot ah.all have an area of not less than ten (10) acres, and shall have an average width of not less than one-folll'th (¼) the average depth of th"e lot, provided., however, that a lot shall not be required to have a width greater than three hundred' fifty (350) feet. Any dwelling or dwellings construc-ted for, tenants or used as a residence shall comply with the requir~¢ents of the R-1 Districts. ,·. ARTICLE X MINING DISTRICTS (M) In a Mining District no land or buildings shall be. used or erected except as provided .by this Ordinance. 10: 01 Residences and the use of residences built in Mining Districts must meet the minimum requirements established for R 1 Districts. 10:02 Mining, quarrying and excavating must be conducted in agreement with the provisions of this Ordinance. 10:03 Processing plants mu.st be approved as safe and properly constructed by the Township Building Inspector. 10:04 No gravel, sand, stone, peat or other natural materials and minerals shall be mined, extracted, or removed in any part of Addison Township to which this Ordinance applies unless a permit for such work has been issued by the Township Building Inspector. Provided, however, that the intent of such work is that of mining for intended profit and not a normal agricultural ac-tivity. 10:05 Applications for mining permits shall be made in writing 21 �and proper public notice shall be accomplished before a public hearing on the application. 10:06 Approval by the Township Board shall be subject to the posting of a corporate surety Bond for the faithful performance of applicable land restoration requirements as set forth by this Ordinance and by the 'I'ownship Board of Appeals. 11 I ·! 10:07 Said ,b ond shall be in the amount fixed by the Township Board, but not less than ten thousand ($10,000) dollars and shall be with iSurety approved by the Township Board. Said bond shall specify the time far the completion of all the applicable requirements and land restoration. Such permit shall be renewed for like periods, provided an application accompanied by bond is filed within six (6) months befor,e any expiration date, with the said Township Board of Appeals as provided herein in case of original application, provided the applicant is carrying out the requirements of his permit in good faith and there exists no judicial determination at said time to the contrary. · 10:r:JB All equipment used for mining shall be constructed, maintained and open.ted in such a manner as to eliminate, as far as practicable, danger, noises, vibrations or dust which are injurious or annoying to persons living in the vicinity. 10:09 No mining shall be permitted nearer than fifty (50) feet to the boundary of the district designated nor shall such production •b e permitted nearer than fifty (50) feet to the boundary of an adjoining property within any such District unless the written c-o nsent of the owner in fee of such adjoining property is first secured. 10:10 No excavation shall be made closer than seventy five (75) feet from the right-of-way line of any existing or platted street, road or highway, except mining of sand and gravel may be conducted within such limits in order to reduce the elevation thereof in conformity to the existing elevation of the adjoining and existing or platted street, road or highway and provided ,further, however, that the excavated area shall be •b ackfilled within twelve (12) months for a distance of one hundred and fif·ty (150) feet from •the rightof-way line of any existing platted street, road or highway to assure an elevation in conf_o rmity to the existing eleva.tion of the adjoining pla·tted street, road or hlghway. 10:11 All excavation must either be made to a water producing depth, such depth to be not less than five (5) feet mea,. sured ,from the low water mark, or graded and backfilled with the strippings, to assure the following: 22 �a) 1 ,! "' Th::1.t the excavated area will not collect and permit to remain therein stagnant water. b) That the surfac•e of such are,a ,be backfilled with the strippings, over-burden and top soil removed from the excavation and grad'ed as necessary so as to reduce peaks and depressions thereof .to ·a surf.ace which will result in a gentle rolling •t opography. The banks of all excavations shall be •backfilled and graded as provided herein and shall be sloped at a slope which will not be less than one and one-half Cl½) feet horizontal to one (1) foot vertical and said ·b ank shall be sodded, or surfaced, with a minimwn of siX (6) inches of suitable soil and the same shall be seeded wi-th grass seed. c) To plant ·t rees, shrubs, legumes or grasses upon the parts of such area where revegetation is possible. 10:12 The banks of all excavations not backfilled as here provided shall be sloped to the water line at a slope which shall not be less tl\an one and on·e-half (1½) feet horizontal to one 1 (1) foot vertical and said bank shall •be sodde,cL or surfaced with a minimum of six (6) inches of suitab~' ~oil, and the same be seeded with grass seed. · •, 10:13 Whenever the permi,t hereof shall have explrl}q. or whenever any excavation shall have been abandoned for any period exceeding twelve (1'2) consecutiv,e months, ,t hen all plants, buildings, structures (except fences), stockpiles and equipment shall be entirely removed from such property. 10:14 No machinery or equipment shall be operated, and no trucks, trailers, or other conveyances shall be loaded or unloaded in a District dm-ing the hours between 7: 00 o'clock P.M., and 7:00 o'clock A.M. 10:15 All reasonable care mus,t be exercised to prevent danger or harm to employees and to the public. Provisions here established for mining shall also apply to the drilling for and the extraction of oil or other m1nerals. ARTICLE XI COMMERCIAL DISTRICTS (C) In a commercial district no buildings shall be erected or used and no land shall be used except as provided by this Ordinance. 11 :Ol Residences as permiotted in Districts R-1, R-2, and R-3 may be constructed and used according to the provisions of this 23 �Ordinance related to residential use and construction. 11: 02 Public and ecclesiastic buildings and properties; schools, hospitals (other than men•tal institutions), parish houses and clubs may be erected and used subject to the Township Building Code and other· provisions of this Ordinance. 11 :03 Subject to other p1·ovisions of this Ordinance and fJhe Addi- ,I ii son Township Building Code, buildings may also be erected and used for one or more of the following purposes: a) The executive or administrative offices or de()artments of professional, philanthropic .and commercial activities, theaters and other places of amusement and recreatton; mercantile esta.blishments for the sale of goods at retail; public garages, and the repair, conversion, alteration, finishing, assembling, fa•b rication or storage of goods or sale at retail on the premises; provided there is not in connection therewith •the operation of any madhinery or the conduct of any process or activity or the storage or display of goods in such manner as to ,be noxious, or offensive by reason of the emission of odor; n.9ise, fumes, dust, smoke, waste, vibration or activity involving the use of machinery in excess of five horsepower, except with the approval of the Board of Appeals. · b) A motor supply station when so arranged and maintanied as not to aHect ad-versely ·the normal development or use of nei-ghboring property in the same District or adjoining when permitted by tlhe Board of Appeals. c) Apartment houses, multiple dwellings, hotels and motels. All buildings, erected, altered, or moved into this district to be used for the housing or two or more families, either permanently or transiently shall conform to the requirements ,for other buildings permictted in this oistrlc;t except ,a s follows: 1) Area of Lot. A minimum width of one h~ndred 000) feet at the front building line, tog-ether with an a,rea of not less than twenty thousand (20,000} square feet, provided, !however, that in dwellings housing more than two (2) families the lot area shall be increased ten thousand (10,000) square feet for each additional family. 2) Side Yards. There shall be a minimum side yard width of ten (10) feet on each side of every princip;[e building. For 'buildings containing moi:e than two (2) famiUes thls width shall increase three (3) feet per family for each side yard, however, this shall not 24 �require in any case a greater side yard width than twenty (20) feet. 3) Rear Yards. There shall be a minimum rear yard of fifteen (15) feet for every lot, which shall not include any space alloted for parking areas. 4) Area of Buildings. For apartments, multiple dwellings, and motels housing two (2) or more families and containing complete housekeeping units, the floor area shall contain not less than four hundred twenty (420) square feet per family exclusive of any garage, accessory building or utility room spac-e and this area shall be divided into not less -than two (2) rooms and one (1) bath. For motels where no housekeeping facilities are provided the floor area of each unit shall contain not less than two hundred fifty (250) square feet and shall be divided into not less than one (1) room and one (1) bath. 5) Parking area. A definite ,allocating of space for offstreet parking of not less than two· ,hundred (200) square feet exclusive of driveways a,n,~ ,other areaways shall ,be provided and set aside for each dwelling unit for the purpose of parking motor 'y-ehicles. In case of par.t ial occupancy such .as .c,ammercial and dwelling, this space shall be in addition to that set aside for commercial purposes. · ii :04 Signs and other advertising structures will be permitted subject to the following provisions: · · Permits. A permit shall be required for each sign and shall be obtained from the ,bu.ilding inspector. Tl:_le original permit shall be issued for a one year period and may be renewed for ,a like p_eriod upon application qf a..t l~ast 30 days before the expiration date of the earlier permit. Signs -0r billboards will. not be permitted in or immediately adjoining residential sections except as described under "exceptions" in ,this section. b I Construction Requirements. Each sign or outdoor advertising structure shall be constructed in a sale and workman-like manner, and the provisions of the Americ:rn Stand<1rd Buildim; Requirements for Signs and Outdoor Display Structures, issued by the American Standards Association, shall apply. Each sign shall be properly maintained to irisure good appearance and safety in the area surrounding each sign, and shall be kept clean and free of rubbish or debris. Each sign shall be plainly marked with name of persons or firm owning same. a) 25 �cl Setback. Each sign shall be set back a distance of at least fifteen (15) feet from the public right-of-way line and a distance of at least three (3) feet from adjoining property lines. d) Excep,tions. The provisions of the Section shall not apply to signs concerning produce grown on ,t he premises, real estate signs, advertising the sale of premises or professional signs providing, however, that suclh signs are not in excess of twelve (12) square feet. 11:05 Construction and operation of public utmty buildings, ,telephone exchang-e buildings, transformer stations and substations is permitted in this district but storage yards and water sewage pumping stations may not .be oper.ated in a Commercial District. 11 :06 F-0r all buildings other ,than dwelling units in this District, parking area equal to the total floor area of the building must be provided adjacent to the building and exclusive of public parking otherwise available. ,, .ARTICLE xn INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS 12: 01 Within approved manuf-acturing districts, legal uses and buildings are allowed if •t he trade, industry, occupa.tion r or activity is not injurious, noxious, otfensive or hazardous by reason of odor, dust, fumes, smoke, noise, vibration, fire or explosion danger, or unsightly because of open storage or other causes. 12:02 If application is made for approval of an industrial or manufacturing operation having in the opinion of the Township Zoning Board, objec,tiona ble, noxious, offensive, hazardous or unsightly charac_teristics, an open bearing may be had before the Board of Appeals but no permit shall be issued unless the majority of property owners within 2000 feet of the perimeter of the site of .t he prc;,posed activity shall have .been properly notified at least five days prior to the open hearing ·before fille Board of Appeals. 12:03 All buildings permitted in Residential and Commercial Districts may be erected if first individually approved by the Board of Appeals but must comply to ResidentLal or Commercial limi.tations as set forth by this Ordinance and applying to the type of Building involved. 26 �12 :04 All buildings erected or used for manufacturing purposes shall be of fireproof masonry construction not more .than 35 feet in height and shall comply with all Federal, State and County laws ,and regulations in relation to health, sanitation and safety of the persons frequenting ,the buildings or grounds, or exposed to the manufactured waste products of the manufacturin,g or processing activity. l I 12:05 For all Buildings, ofiller than dwelling units in this District, parking area eq,ual to ·the total floor area of the Buildings must be provided adjacent to the buildings and exclusive of public parking otherwise available. ARTICLE XIII COMMERCIAL RECREATIONAL DISTRICTS 13:01 Residences constructed, moved to or occupied in CR DiStricts shall meet minimum standards established by this Ordinance for residences. 13: 02 Commercial or Industrial buildings other · -t han those expressly erected or used in direct connection : W'ith commerc.ial recreational activities are prohibited. -~ .- ' 13:03 Commercial buildings erected •or used fol' the ordinary and normal legal activities of commercial recreit,ion shall meet or exceed all specifications and requirements established for Commercial Structures within a Commercial District. 13:04 The distinction between Commercial Recreation and Public or Private Recreational use is defined as being that Commercial Recreational Activities ,are conducted for the purpose of. achieving profit and a charge is made for allowing the public or participating members to use equipment, facilities, buildings or grounds for sports or outdoor recreational purposes. 13 :05 Relating to thE! use of Commercial Recreational Areas, all activities prohibited or restricted for Agricultural Areas are also prohibited in Commercial Recreational Areas, even though directly connected with the recreational activities involved. ARTICLE XIV PUBLIC PROPERTY OR INSTITUTIONAL DISTRICTS 14:01 In all P Districts, except as otherwise provided by this Ordinance, all buildings shall be erected and all land shall be used only for one or more of the following purposes: 27 �a) b) c) All uses permitted in A, R, or CR Districts. State, MetropolHan, County or Municipally owned and operated parks and parkways -and accessory facili-ties. State, County, Municipal, Township or Legal Non4Profit Organization buildings and facilities. 14:02 Buildings erected or moved to be used as residences shall meet all minimum requirements established in tlhis Ordinance for single family residences. 14:03 YARDS FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL USES. No minimum yards shall be required, provided, however, no building or buildings, in conjunction with any park or parkway use, shall be located closer than one hundred (100) feet from any other property in private ownership. 14:04 BUILDING HEDGHT LIMIT. In P Districts no building, herea-fter erected or altered and used for private residence purposes, &hall exceed ,t hirty-five (35) feet in -height or two and one-hal-f (2½) stories. Institutional buildings may be constructed to any height as shall be approved by tlhe Sta,te Fire Marshal's Office. ,_ : , 14:05 -PARKING adjacent to buildings other than residential shall ,be provided and the of.f-str~t total of such parking area shall •be no less -than equal to the floor space enclosed within the buildings. ARTICLE XV TRAILER COURT DISTRICTS 15:01 In all Trailer Court Districts, except as otherwise here provided, buildings shall be erected and land shall be used only for one or more of tlhe following uses: a) All uses permitted in R-1 Districts. b) For mobile home parks or trailer coach parks on approval of the Board of Appeals at open hearing and subsequent to 5-day notification of the majority of the property owners within 2000 feet of the proposed perimeter of the• Trailer Court site. c) The use of trailers, tents or portable structures for human habitation is hereby prohibited except that trailer camps may be established by special permission granted by the Board of Appeals at a hearing as described under item ",b", aibove. d) Wlhen permission for a trailer camp or mobile home park District is granted, such permission shall be in wriiting, 28 �I 'I together with a definition of the health, sanitary, safety and protective measures to be followed by the applicant and by his lessees, rentees or tenants. Decision of the Board of Appeals on matters of health, sanitation, safety and protection shall be guided by site, area, nature of adjoining districts, county\ regulations and by current ordinances in adjoining townships at the ,time •the District is approved for trailers and mobile homes. Conditions may not be established which are discriminatory against the applicant or against residents in adjoining areas. ARTICLE XVI ADMINISTRATION The Addison Township Board is authorized and directed to enforce all provisions of this Ordinance. It may appoint an administrative official or assign to the Building Inspector the duty of enforcement. The appointed person shall, for the purpose of ;this Ordinance, have the powers of a police officer and he may delegate this authority to assistants. ·-.. ; ARTICLE XVII " , ·, ·' '·...~ ~- BOARD OF APPEALS 0 17:01 POWERS AND DUTIES. The Board of A~peals shall consist of three members, who shall :be appointed and have the duties, responsi'bilities and powers that are provided for them iby Act 184 of the Public Acts of the State of Michigain for 1943, ,as amended, and in addition may, in specific cases where ·there are practical difficulties or unnecessary hardships in complying strictly with the provisions of ,this Ordinance adjust suc!h conditions in harmony with the purpose and intent of this Ordinance so that the public health, safety and general welfare may be secured and substantial justice done. 17:02 MEMBERSHIP. The ,Board of Appeals shall consist of three members. The first member shall be the Chairman of the Township Zoning Board. The second member shall be appointed by the Township Board from its membership. The third member shall be appointed by the first two and be an elector residing in the unincorporated Portion of the Township and not currently holding an elootive ·or appointive position with the Township. 17:03 FEES FOR ABPEALS. A fee of twenty-five dollars ($25.00) shall ,be paid to the Building Inspector at the time of filing a notice of appeal from a ruling •by the Building Inspector 29 ------ - - - -- - - - -- -- - -- - -- - - - �or the Zoning Zoard. This . fee' will become a part of the Township general fund for covering the cost of the appeal. 17:04 HEARING. Applicants appealing to the Appeal Board will be notified of the -t ime and place set for the hearing as permitted by Act 184 of the Public Acts of Michigan for 1943 !ind all amendments thereto. ARTICU: XVIll CHANGES AND AMENDMENTS Provisions of this Ordinance may be changed or amendments made after majority approval of the Zoning Board, subsequent submission to and approval by the County Coordinating Zoning Committee and then submission to and adoption ·by the Addison Township Board. Public notice summarizing the change shall appear in at least one newspaper havlng substantial area circulation and such notice shall appear -at lea~ 10 days ,before decision .by the Township Board. If written protests "bearing twenty; (20) or more signa:tures of Township property owners are filed with the Township Board prior ,to vote on the change, the· amendment or clhange shall not ,be passed -except by the favorable vote of four-fif,ths (4/5) majority of the Township Board. . ARTICLE XIX ORDINANCE VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES It shaf l be unlawful for any person to erect, move, use, occupy, alter or maintain any structure or building in violation of any provision of ,this Zoning .Ordinance or to cause, permit o~ suf~r any such violation to be committed. Any such p~rson found to be in violati1:1n shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor ano. upon conviction shall be punished by a fine not exceeding .pne hundred ($100.) dollars, together wiith tJhe costs of prosecution, or by imprisonment in the Oakland County Jail for a period not exceeding thirty (30) days; or by .b oth such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the Court. :Vt shall be the responsibility of bhe offender to abate the violation as expeditiously as possible and each day such violation continues shall constitute a separate- offense. Also, the Township Board may, by wriitten resolution, order any public utility doing business in the Township to discontinue service to any violator of this Ordinance and shall assess against such violator all costs incurr~d by such utility in oarrying out these provisions: 30 �ARTICLE XX SEVERANCE OF PARTS If any portion of this Ordinance is adjudged unconstitutional or invalid for any reason, -t hat part shall be severed and such sev.;. erance shall not affect the remaining portions of the Addison Township Zoning Ordinance. ARTICLE XXI CONFLICTING PROVISIONS REPEALED. This Ordinance is not intended .to repeal, abrogate or annul any applica·b le law, ordinance, rule, regulations or permits previously adopted or issued pursuant to laws or ordinances relating to use of buildings or land; covenants or other agreements between parties except ,that this Ordinance supersedes the Addison Township Interim Ordinance of May 19th, 1955. Provided, however, that where any provision of this Ordinance imposes more stringent limitation on use of land .or ,buildings or upon land area or •bull-ding requirements, thjs Ordinance shall govern. The requirements of ,t his Ordinance shall not impair or affect these covenants, easentents, agreements or restrictions imposing greater limitations. ,, : , ARTICLE XXII EFFECTIVE DATE , The provisions of this Zoning Ordinance are h~reby declared to be immediately valid and necessary for the preservation of individual and public health, peace, saofety, morals, convenience e.nd for the enhancing of property and civic values and is established pursuant to authority granted by Act. 184 of the Public Acts of 1943, as amended. Passed and approved for publication this 16th day of March, 1959. Clerk Addison Township ROBERT A. Mc.CALLUM FRANK F. WEBBER Supervisor Addison Township 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Addison-Twp_Zoning-Ordinance_1959 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959-03-16 Title A name given to the resource Addison Township Zoning Ordinance Description An account of the resource The Addison Township Zoning Ordinance was approved by the Township Board on March 16, 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Addison (Mich.:Township) Oakland County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/349bba253b8037af87b61daf6574109b.jpg a4b7969c4e7b249d811ecad9c1c86545 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M126-0020a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Addison's Walk Area, Oxford, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a wooded footpath and footbridge crossing a narrow stream of the River Cherwell in the area known as, "Addison's Walk," on the grounds of Magdalen College in Oxford, England. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Cherwell, River (England) Magdalen College (University of Oxford) Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2abf05bf2a22c93f9b4e8ac04d5f62cc.jpg 43970d36b375e3eec900e91424f9b7aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M121-0036 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Addison's Walk, Oxford, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a man and a woman walking with their arms around each other along Addison's Walk, a popular picturesque footpath along the River Cherwell on the grounds of Magdalen College at the University of Oxford. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Cherwell, River (England) Magdalen College (University of Oxford) Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b5e142969a8e821e53ca4512987534ab.jpg ab1f5a51445d36594525b29c2fec8feb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M128-0004a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Addison's Walk, Oxford, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the calm, rippling waters of the River Cherwell in the Addison's Walk area of Magdalen College in Oxford, England. In the photograph, the river is framed with the canopy of leaves and branches hanging overhead and their images reflected on the water below. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Cherwell, River (England) Magdalen College (University of Oxford) Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7f01d142575ac3b2aa0b562d85113f1e.jpg 0abe669030b7ffba98584dc20f2c9e26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M128-0013a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Addison's Walk, Oxford, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the calm waters of the River Cherwell lined with trees in the Addison's Walk area of Magdalen College in Oxford, England. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Cherwell, River (England) Magdalen College (University of Oxford) Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3cfc90db3a9694aa26257734aa8f95a0.pdf 8b6e0189372822a730ec9940e39da03d PDF Text Text @ GRAND VAUfY MEMORANDUM STATE UNIVERSITY TO: Dean Anthonv Travis Social ScienCCS Division FROM: Doris Ruc~ator DATE: October 14, 1993 RE: Additional staff for Women's Studies Program Women's Studies Program At our recent conference you suggested that I put in writing our request for additional faculty for women's studies. Our present staffing includes one half time coordinator, Doris Rucks, and two visiting professors, Jean Blanchard and Suzanne Bellrichard-Perkins. We are presently offering four women's studies courses and have proposed the addition of a feminist theory course as one of the core courses for women's studies for Fall 1994. This proposed course has now been sent on to UCC and, if approved, should be offered in W 1995. With present staffing we could not meet what we anticipate as the demand fo r this course. To meet this eventuality and to supply increased resources for our growing program•, we request additional faculty allocation to the Women's Studies Program effective Fall, 1994. • The Philosophy Department is also proposing a feminist philosophy course for Fa!~ 1994 or Winter, 1995. Philosophy will provide staff but this will also require additional time for joint collaboration and for interdisciplinary cooperation which is one of the goals of our program. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_1993_AddtlStaffEmail.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women's Studies Program Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-10-14 Title A name given to the resource Additional staff for Women's Studies Program Description An account of the resource Memorandum of request for more staff to be added to the Women's Studies Program written by Doris Rucks, the coordinator of the program at the time. Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Memorandums Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/74b22de26d54cb9cac43994d4fb68577.pdf 59cd38cf3073ee7ebf0499cbb09016ca PDF Text Text SPEECH WASHINGTON 8 OCTOBER .1982 ----------------------------------------------------------OM TE BEGINNEN ZOU IK DE NEDERLANDSE AMBASSADEUR WILLEN BEDANKEN VOOR DE GASTVRIJHEID, DIE HIJ ONS AANBIEDT EN WAARDOOR HET MOGELIJK IS DEZE PLECHTIGHEID IN WASHINGTON D.C. OP NEDERLANDSE BODEM TE DOEN PLAATSVINDEN. DAT ZIJNE KONINKLIJKE HOOGHEID NAAR WASHINGTON GEKOMEN IS OM DEZE PLECHTIGE UITREIKING TE VERRICHTEN, GEEFT DEZE DAG EEN BIJZONDERE LUISTER. DOOR DE OORLOG EN BIJ DE BEVRIJDING VAN NEDERLAND ZIJN NAUWE CONTACTEN ONTSTAAN TUSSEN DE DEELNEMERS AAN HET VERZET EN Z.K.H. PRINS BERNH.A.RD. · IN DIE MOEILIJKE TIJDEN HEBBEN ZIJ DE PRINS LEREN KENNEN EN WAARDEREN EN ZIJN DEZE CONTACTEN UITGEGROEID TOT GEVOELENS VAN RESPECT, HOOGACHTING EN VRIENDSCHAP. DAMES EN HEREN, VANDAAG IS EEN HISTORISCHE DAG OMDAT 8 OCTOBER 200 JAAR GELEDEN HET VERDRAG VAN ".Af.UTY AND COM~ MERCE" GETEKEND WERD TUSSEN AMERIKA EN. NEDERLAND. DIT JAAR VIEREN WIJ HET 200-JARIG BESTAAN VAN ONAFGEBROKEN DIPLOMATIEKE BETREKKINGEN EN VRIENDSCHAP TUSSEN DE VERENIGDE STATEN EN NEDERLAND. BIJ DE VELE MANIFESTATIES E;-.J BIJEENKOMSTEN DIE GEHOUDEN ~ HtfN IS TOT UITDRUKKING GEKmIEN HOEVEEL WAARDE WORDT GEHECHT AAN DEZE RELATIES UIT HET VERLEDEN EN EVENZEER IS HET VERLANGEN EN DE HOOP UITGESPROKEN DAT DEZE �-2- WASHINGTON 8 Oct. 1982 -- ------ - - ------- --- --------- -- ------ - ----------- -- ---------ZULLEN WORDEN VOORTGEZET IN DE TOEKOMST. DAMES EN HEREN, STAAT U MIJ TOE DAT IK U OP DEZE FEESTELIJKE DAG EEN OGENBLIK TERUGVOER NAAR HET VERLEDEN. OOK UW VERLEDEN. NAAR DE-l)()NKERE JAREN VAN OORLOG EN BEZETTING, VAN VERZET EN STRIJD TEGEN EEN SCHIER OVERMACHTIGE VIJAND. ZEKER , HET IS VERLEDEN TIJD MAAR HET HEEFT OOK EEN BIJZONDERE BETEKENIS VOOR HET HEDEN EN DE TOEKOMST. VRIJHEID EN ONAFHANKELIJKHEID ZIJN EEN KOSTBAAR GOED, DAT ALLEEN BEHOUDEN KAN WORDEN ALS MEN BEREID IS ZICH DAARVOOR IN TE ZETTEN. HET VERZET IS GEPLEEGD DOOR MANNEN EN VROUWEN DIE VRIJWILLIG , VEELAL ANONIEM, TOETRADEN TOT HET VERZET EN DAARMEE HUN LEVEN OP HET SPEL ZETTEN. HET WAREN VROUWEN EN MANNEN UIT IEDERE SECTOR VAN ONS MAATSCHAPPELIJK BESTEL, JONG EN OUD, VAN IEDERE LEVENSBESCHOUWING. IEDER VAN HEN PLEEGDE VERZET OP ZIJN EIGEN WIJZE; WAT ZE GEMEENSCHAPPELIJK HADDEN WAS DAT ZE HET NIET MEER NAMEN. ZIJ VERZETTEN ZICH TEGEN BEZETTING EN ONRECHT EN KWAMEN OP VOOR DE MENSELIJKE WAARDIGHEID. DE EEN HEEFt MISSCHIEN DOOR OMSTANDIGHEDEN MEER KUNNEN DOEN DAN DE ANDER, MAAR DAT IS NIET HET BELANGRIJKSTE. WAAR HET OP AAN KWAM, WAS DAT DE BEZETTER ZICH IN ONS LAND NIET THUIS MOCHT VOELEN EN DAG EN NACHT BELAAGD WERD. '- ' �WASHINGTON 8 Oct. 1982 -3- VELEN HEBBEN EEN ZWARE TOL BETAALD IN GEVANGENISSEN EN co~- CENTRATIEKAMPEN. VELEN GAVEN HET HOOGSTE GOED: HUN LEVEN. NIEMAND HEEFT HET GEDAAN MET HET OOGMERK OM NA DE BEVRIJDING EEN ONDERSCHEIDING TE KRIJGEN. NA DE BEVRIJDING ZIJN ZIJ WEER GEWOON AAN HET WERK GEGAA.'J EN ZIJ MOESTEN DOEN ALSOF ER NIETS MET HEN WAS GEBEURD. MEESTAL ZWEGEN ZE OVER HUN ERVARINGEN: NIEMAND WILDE IMMERS NAAR HEN LUISTEREN. HET MOEST WORDEN WEGGESTOPT ALSOF HUN OORLOGSINZET GEEN ZL HAD GEHAD. ERKENNING VOOR HUN MOED EN VOOR HUN LIJDEN ONTBRAK. DOOR DE INSTELLING VAN HET VERZETSHERDENKINGSKRUIS HEBBEN DUIZENDEN ANONIEME DEELNEMERS AAN HET VERZET EINDELIJK ERKENNING GEKREGEN, ZOALS DAT NA DE OORLOG IS GEBEURD IN ALLE LANDEN DIE BEZET ZIJN GEWEEST. TER GELEGENHEID VAN DE 35-JARIGE HERDENKING VAN DE BEVRIJDING IN 1980 IS BIJ KONINKLIJK BESLUIT NO. 104 HET VERZETSHERDENKINGSKRUIS INGESTELD. HET VERZETSHERDENKINGSKRUIS, W:AER~AN frE PQ-STHlJUM ~ EKENNING OOK AN GESCHIEDEN, WORDT TOEGEKEND AAN EENIEDER DIE DAADWERKELIJK VERZET HEEFT GEPLEEGD TEGEN DE VIJA:"DEN VAN NEDERLAND IN DE TWEEDE WERELDOORLOG . ~hrh,,1.-~. ,.. ,l Ji., i ?_ r,11. .t.-u.d.vt-,,_ 1-1 ,f HET NE ERLANDSE VERZETSHERDENKINGSKRUIS IS ONTWORPE~ IN DE VORM VAN EEN VIERARMIG KRUI·S MET OP DE HORI ZONTALE BALK DE TEKST: "DE TYRANNY VERDRYVEN". �-4- WASHINGTON 8 Oct.1982 DE VERTICALE ARM VAN HET KRUIS TOONT EEN GEHEVEN Z\•;_:\..\RD. UIT HET GEVEST KOMEN VLAM.i>lEN. HET ZWAARD IS HET SY:-IBOOL VAN HET GEl~PEND VERZET EN HET VUUR HET SYMBOOL VAX HET GF.ESTELIJK VERZET. ONDER HET GEVEST STAAN DE J,1\ARTALLEN 1940 - 1945. HET GEHEEL WORDT GEDEKT DOOR EEN KONINKLIJKE KROOX, WEER.GEVEND DAT HET VERZET GEINSPIREERD WERD DOOR KONINGIN WILHELMINA. DE KEERZIJDE VAN HET KRUIS TOONT DE NEDERLANDSE LEEUW. DAARBOVEN HET JAAR VAN INSTELLING:1980. DE KLEUREN VAN HET AAN HET KRUIS VERBONDEN LINT SYMBOLISEREN DE EENHEID VAN NEDERLAND EN HET HUIS VAN ORANJ E, TEMIDDEN VAN DE DUISTERNIS EN DE ROUW, DIE DE BEZETTERS OVER DE BEVOLKING VAN HET KONINKRIJK DEDEN NEERDALEN. AANGEZIEN WIJ IN HET VERZET, IN DE GEVANGENISSEN EN CONCENTRATIEKAMPEN ALLEN GELIJK WAREN, ZULLEN DE NAMEN VAN DE ONTVANGERS IN ALFABETISCHE VOLGORDE, MET WEGLATI NG VAN IEDERE TITULATUUR WORDEN AFGEROEPEN . . HET VERZETSHERDENKINGSKRUIS IS TOEGEKEND AAN: �-5- WASHINGTON 8 Oct. '8 -_ MAG IK NAMENS HET NATIONAAL COMITE AL DEGENEN DIE HET KRUIS ONTVANGEN HEBBEN VAN HARTE GELUKWENSEN. DANK AAN ZIJNE KONINKLIJKE HOOGHEID PRINS BERNHARD DAT HIJ DEZE PLECHTIGE UITREIKING HEEFT WILLEN VERRICHTEN EN HERHAALDE DANK AAN DE AMBASSADEUR VOOR ZIJN GASTVRIJHEID. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1982-10-08-P-Termaat-Resistance-Remembrance-Cross-Speech-Washington-D-C-481 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-10-08 Title A name given to the resource Address on the receipt of the Resistance Memorial Cross Description An account of the resource Prepared text of a speech delivered by Pieter Termaat on his receipt of the Resistance Memorial Cross in Washington, D.C. on October 8, 1992. In Dutch. Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands -- Awards Dutch Americans Speeches Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource nl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ad7948ea59c2c8b16eaa98081885a04b.pdf 1800afa77334cac1623d4cd7ed0b8b8c PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Panama Era – Operation Just Cause John Adkins 05:30 Introduction (00:30)              Growing up, John had two sisters and one brother. Prior to his enlistment, he went to school and worked some part-time jobs. John chose to join the United States Army because it was something that he had always wanted to do and also because he could not find a good job. It was a growing experience. He remembers the friendships that were started while in the service, and he enjoyed the jobs that he was able to do and the people and places he met and saw along the way. John served during the conflict in Panama. He was there for two weeks and when the conflict ended he was stationed at Fort Polk, Louisiana. (02:25) While away, he was not able to communicate back home with his family. He has maintained quite a few friendships with people that he served with. When John first entered the service, his training lasted for nine months. The first six months was difficult and intense. After that first six months, he began training to drive fuel trucks, which was enjoyable. John’s grandfather was in the Air Force and then switched over to the Army and he also had two uncles in the Army. Some important life lessons that he learned were to be respectful to others and to be neat. (04:30) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adkins, John (Interview outline), 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adkins, John Description An account of the resource John joined the United States Army and spent nine months in training. He became a fuel truck driver, and eventually spent two weeks in Panama in support of Operation Just Cause in 1989. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Wisdom, Alaina (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-05-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AdkinsJ1494V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9cb8e4d32b43676ea32d4ea1a4390418.pdf 845b19ea4de7822c385ad3169fa2c8b1 PDF Text Text . . ·: , ..· ' ·.. .. ,,•· . •: ~ -- ADL Creates~·Group · >·-•· .· To Support.-~es_c uers .·. Th_e Michigan Office of the: · · tional director of the AntiAnti-Defamation League has Defamation League, and the created a Michigan Chapter _ : presentation •. of ADL's of the Jewish Foundation For. · ·· Courage 'To . Care awards to Christian : Rescuers. Linda· Peter N. and Adrienna B/TorSoberman, president of the maat; and to Ignacy, Helen , Michigan board of the ADL, . and Cezary Chorazyczewski, · i appointed Fran Gross who saved Jews from the (Linden) chair of the new Nazis during the Holocaust. group, which will hold a kick- . · The Jewish Foundation for : off event 6 p.m. June 4 at the Christian Rescuers provides Holocaust Memorial Center. monthly grants to over 700 A private viewing of the needy rescuers in 13 memorial center will be countries. followed by a talk by For ticket information, call Abraham H. Foxman, nathe ADL office, 355-3730. DETROIT JEWISH NEWS . ..,·.. ·MAY 3 11991 . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_NWS_1991-05-31-ADL-Create-Support-Group Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Detroit Jewish News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-05-31 Title A name given to the resource ADL Creates Group to Support Rescuers Description An account of the resource Photocopy of newspaper clipping about Anti-Defamation League support group for Christian rescuers. Subject The topic of the resource Anti-Defamation League World War, 1939-1945 -- Jews -- Rescue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/99af03005702c20bab2ca4e1f0d75d41.pdf 9108d2e518246369990be46527c274be PDF Text Text ADL Foundation Honors Righteous Gentiles ELIZABETH APPLEBAUM Assistant Editor braham Kashdan was a 17-year-old Jew in Nazi-occupied Poland. Helen Chorazyczewski was a Catholic who lived next door. On an afternoon in 1942 Abraham knocked on Mrs. Chorazyczewski' s door and -begged for help. "They've 'killed my parents," he cried. "I have no one left. Will you be my family?" A It took Mrs. Chorazyczewski no time to make up her mind. Despite the fact that she was endangering her life, the life of her husband and the life of her teen-age son, Cezary, Mrs. Chorazyczewski let Abraham into her home. She would look after him for years, until Abraham escaped to join the partisans. Her decision to help her neighbor, Mrs. Chorazyc• zewski would later say, was nothing special. It was simp• ly "the Christian thing to do." Today, Mrs. Chorazyczewski lives in Hamtramck. Together with Peter and Adriana Tur· maat of Grand Rapids, who during the war opened their Dutch home to Jews and Allied pilots, Mrs. Chorazyczewski was honored this week with the "Courage to Care" award. Presented by the Anti. Defamation League's Jewish Foundation for Christian Rescuers, the award is given to Righteous Gentiles who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Guest speaker Abraham Foxman, national director of the ADL, said the Righteous Gentiles had "rescued the conscience and reputation of mankind." They proved that "even in that hell called the Holocaust there was good; there was heroism; there was courage; there was love and compassion, and there was understanding." The Chorazyczewskis' and the Termaats' deeds show, Mr. Foxman said, "that if people have the courage to care, they can change the world." DETROtT JEWISH NEWS Peter Termaat was born in 1914 in Holland. At 18, he joined an anti-Nazi group. He met his future wife, Adriana, in 1936 and mar• ried her three years later. The day the Nazis invaded the Netherlands, the Ter• maats opened their home to a family of six refugees. Later, both Jews and Allied pilots, shot down by the Nazis, would find shelter in their house. Throughout the war, the Termaats stole ration cards to feed refugees and helped Jews out of the country. Once while helping a German-Jewish couple escape via train, the Termaats found themselves riding in the same compartment with a Nazi officer. The Termaats, along with their four children, settled in 1952 in Grand Rapids. After receiving his award, Mr. Termaat told those in the audience they must continually warn of the dangers of totalitarianism. He addressed audience members as "brothers and sisters" Continued on Page 22 JUM O7 199~ \ �... J EWW DETROIT" "Ew1sH Nis . . I.. 1cOCAL: N . ·JIii Q.,_ 1991 . Righteous Gentiles Continu~ from Page 1 "- · 1 ·~ and said that when he mar- j • ried, the minister recited the • 146th Psalm: "Happy is the man who has the God of Jacob for his help." Mrs. Chorazyczewski, supported by her son Cezary, was in tears when the son of Abraham Kashdan, the teen-ager whose life she saved, approached her during j the award presentation. : Photos of Mr . . Kashdan l_. covered a poster in the hall •1.<where the program was held. t, , Several pictures showed Mr. !: · Kashdan as a child with his I'. . parents and grandparents. Another photo, hand colored, 1.. showed him as a young man 1; . who closely resembled actor !! Gary Cooper. · · Near the Kashdan poster Abraham Foxman::~ .,.\ .-· was a different pl acard, . I Righieous Gentiles '. 'rescued the. showing those Jews who did j·,~ conscience and reputation_of.! not find a Mrs. Chorazyc- 11 mankind.i'" ~.b€t'.!;~::,J 11' zewski, an Adriana or Peterl ~ o:> ',i(,Jfmif1'.4°' ·os ed ·,o 1 t' 'Thrmaat. Men, women and ~ r "My father used to . say, children lay broken and !'' 'Everything. in excess is no .bludgeoned in ~ mass Nazi . good,'.'.'. Mr.I Foxman ' said. grave. · · · - · j 1 "It was too' much love that For the AOL's Mr. Fox-!~ ledtothattragedyl,;wb-,dtf.• man, this week's ceremony;' Joseph and Hele~ F o ~ was more than: just another · t r ied . to maintain contact speaking engagement. ~e,,: l. :witl?, the.nanny, sending her too, was saved by a gentile 1 ; letter s . and packages from during the Holocaust. When the United States, but she ;, .never responded. In 1958, · It was simply "the ' ~ the correspondence . was no · Christian thing to · I · ' longer accepted, and t~e do" ! . f~ ly assumed the w,o~ • · • died. .. · •• : ·7°,, ::.• ·:,•"i . · - 0 1. never had the oppor: the Nazis invaded · t unity to thank or acknowlLithuania, Mr. Foxman's edge her,'·.'~ Mr. Foxm an said. D -;,; . father, Joseph, and mother, Helen, were ordered to the Vilna Ghetto. Their son, Abraham, was 2. ·I "My parents made a deci~ sion they could never ex: ; · plain," he said. "They decid- • · ed to leave me with my · nanny." I -, Mr. Foxman said he doesn't think his parents ever imagined the war would last for so long, or could conceive the curious set of circumstances that would follow his placement with the nanny. · I l 7 • · .Both Mr . Foxman's parents survived the war · and came looking for their · son in 1945, when J oseph was liberated from a concentration camp in Estonia. But the nanny was not about to. give Abraham up. "He belongs to me," she said. · The Foxmans were forced to go to court to regain: custody of their son -a vie-: tory that was short -lived. After being reunited with his parents in Poland, Abraham was kidnapped by his. -.._Jlanny. Later, his parents:. managed to get their son: " back and immigrated to the: United States. I ' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_NWS_1991-06-07-Detroit-Jewish-News-Righteous-Gentiles Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Applebaum, Elizabeth Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-06-07 Title A name given to the resource ADL Foundation honors Righteous Gentiles Description An account of the resource Newspaper article photocopy from the Detroit Jewish News about the Yad Vashem Righteous Gentiles award. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The Detroit Jewish News Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 -- Jews -- Rescue Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) -- Europe Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8533d40f098b15479d8e2356d806e6aa.jpg 343fc38950ac65b908fe4acd42190acd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001151 Title A name given to the resource Administrators coordinate plans for Grand Valley State College Description An account of the resource Dr. Paul Miller, right, makes a point as he discusses plans for Grand Valley with Bill Seidman, Dr. Harold Dorry, and Benjamin J. Burkema, at Seidman's Ada home. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges College administrators Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a5811f3109f004b1d07701a05cc5095b.jpg c5208d2e493e41cec5362bde18dab50c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1736 Title A name given to the resource Admiral Makarov heavy cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Admiral Makarov (ex-Nurenberg) Russian CA (heavy cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education World War, 1939-1945 Slides Warships--Recognition Germany Russia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7ebcf9f596c54aef4b95d1c0fda2801a.jpg b88db19c6ebf0d78b0fa3bd62fe63f6c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1737 Title A name given to the resource Admiral Makarov heavy cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Admiral Makarov (ex-Nurenberg) Russian CA (heavy cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education World War, 1939-1945 Slides Warships--Recognition Germany Russia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/092aa859215b50907e4b26285fbb6752.jpg 6662a823f050adf7466f1608f7d0987f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1738 Title A name given to the resource Admiral Makarov heavy cruiser Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Admiral Makarov (ex-Nurenberg) Russian CA (heavy cruiser), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education World War, 1939-1945 Slides Warships--Recognition Germany Russia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9beab90c59c6fcdcdedab26cbb1e3912.jpg 2643029ddc7f6386e4311abe92c66aaa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_GVSCposter_01 Title A name given to the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College art program Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College art program. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/747b6bb2aad2696c445633a89e5a3234.jpg 28cbe2e4c578c0e9c5aff6f0d8ef0ba8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_GVSCposter_07 Title A name given to the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College future teachers program Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College future teachers program. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ed55a6ea55df468629c1a93a09450f97.jpg b87e27898f75ec9701f521ecff737e7f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_GVSCposter_08 Title A name given to the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College instrumental music program Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College instrumental music program. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fb51d70a7e979ff9fa9f5f728fe0ecc7.jpg 6bb8dafae73a9c56b4254d1f9353f504 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_GVSCposter_04 Title A name given to the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College languages program Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College languages program. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f4b69572ac1404c3cc756cd51832a55d.jpg 89ba8029244462bc50e80af25cf399cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_GVSCposter_05 Title A name given to the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College math program Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College math program. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b2299e91cea03a549d1fc7ae50e0c6ae.jpg 463c1f58929514efa52799c319d77bbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_GVSCposter_06 Title A name given to the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College student government Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College student government. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bff72e711b4345ad1514c0364ee69093.jpg a1ad7fba2682c0d0a180e1f33c502995 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_GVSCposter_02 Title A name given to the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College theatre and dance program Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource Admissions poster for Grand Valley State College theatre and dance program. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives