133 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f781b1b1698af7f1201b5d0721fa7168.pdf 96fc308207bc0cb671ccb47beb330847 PDF Text Text CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN OCTOBER 2017 �ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Cleveland Township Supervisor Tim Stein Cleveland Township Planning Commission Steve Strassburger, Chairperson Dean Manikas Todd Nowak Travis Stein Joe VanderMeulen This Master Plan was prepared by the Cleveland Township Planning Commission and the Land Information Access Association (LIAA). This plan was developed with involvement from many organizations including Networks Northwest, the Leelanau County Planning and Community Development Office, the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, the Leelanau Conservancy, and the Little Traverse Lake and Lime Lake Property Owner Associations. Special thanks is owed to the residents of Cleveland Township who took time to participate in the development of the plan. All photos used in this Master Plan were taken by Joe VanderMeulen unless otherwise noted. LIAA@ Innm,ative ideas for sustainable communities since 1993 �TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduc on 1 Includes an overview of previous Master Plans, public engagement for this Plan, and the history of Cleveland Township. Community Profile 6 Chapters 2 through 5 of the Plan make up the Community Profile, intended to provide background information on the key trends and characteristics of the Township. Each chapter in the Community Profile provides information on a specific topic. Chapter 2. Natural Features and Land Use 8 Chapter 3. Public Services and Transporta on 30 Chapter 4. The People of Cleveland Township 36 Chapter 5. Economy and Housing 45 Implementing the Vision 59 Chapters 6 and 7 of the Plan outline the community’s vision and the steps needed to achieve it. These chapters are designed to create an easy to follow, practical guide for implementing the community’s vision for the Township’s future. Chapter 6. Goals, Objec ves, Ac on Steps 59 Chapter 7. Future Land Use and Zoning Plans 66 Appendices 77 Appendix A. Public Mee ng Summaries 77 Appendix B. Detailed Survey Results 96 �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Chapter 1. Introduction WHAT IS A MASTER PLAN? The Cleveland Township Master Plan serves as the official policy guide for Cleveland Township’s future development and growth, including the management of its many natural resources. In Michigan, master plans serve as a legal basis for zoning, and provide policy guidance for changes to infrastructure, land use, transportation, natural resource management, and other community systems. In general, the Cleveland Township Master Plan serves the following purposes: • Evaluates existing conditions and trends in the Township. • States the community’s long-range vision for the Township, extending 20 years or more into the future. • Provides the flexibility to respond to changing conditions with new resources or innovations that align with goals of the Master Plan. • Identifies opportunities for partnerships between informed citizens, community stakeholder groups, non-profit organizations, and county and regional entities that help support and participate in plan implementation. • Identifies where new development should be directed and the general character to which new homes and buildings should adhere. • Gives guidance to property owners, developers, neighboring jurisdictions, and A deer grazing in a Township field. county and state entities about expectations and standards for public investment and future development. • Provides guidance for the allocation and spending of funds. • Guides the day-to-day decisions of Township staff and the land-use policy decisions of the Planning Commission and Township Board. • Establishes a legal basis for the Cleveland Township Zoning Ordinance, capital improvements, land-use policies, and other implementation tools and programs. Chapter 1 ••• 1 Introduction �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP ,, Cleveland Township is located in Leelanau '-! County, Michigan, and is comprised of approximately 20,864 acres of land. Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore makes up 39%, or 8,128 acres, of Cleveland Township. n Leelanau \ Cleveland Township features many _( ; County I freshwater resources, including Good ; :., <,.,,( \,.,_;~ Harbor Bay and seven inland lakes: Bass / I \_ I /' I ( \_\ /·~/ - •""\_', ) ~- ( \, <\ - --{-1' : Lake, Hidden Lake, Lime Lake, Little Traverse Lake, Narada Lake, School Lake and Shell Lake. Sugar Loaf Mountain, one of Leelanau County’s highest elevation points, lies on the eastern boundary of the Township. Cleveland Township is located in northwest Lower Michigan in Leelanau County. PREVIOUS MASTER PLANNING IN CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP The 2017 Master Plan builds on a history of municipal planning in the Township. The 2002 Cleveland Township Master Plan was created by a Steering Committee of residents and community leaders committed to preserving the natural landscapes and agricultural areas in the Township while creating opportunities for housing and commercial growth. A remarkably engaged public provided opinions to inform the plan’s direction. The Steering Committee conducted focus groups and public meetings and mailed a survey to each household in the Township. Some elements of the 1984 Cleveland Township Master Plan were kept and used in the 2002 Master Plan. Master Plans in Michigan should be reviewed every five years. After completing its review, the Cleveland Township Planning Commission made a number of changes to the Master Plan in 2009. These updates included revised implementation strategies (as the 2002 strategies were largely completed by 2009) and new information where appropriate and relevant. Language from the 2009 Cleveland Township Master Plan is used in the 2017 Master Plan where appropriate, although most sections of the Master Plan contain altogether new Chapter 1 ••• 2 Introduction �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN information. In particular, the community goals and implementation strategies are a substantial addition compared to previous plans. PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT FOR THE 2017 MASTER PLAN In the spring of 2016, Cleveland Township began a community-wide planning process to create a new Master Plan. Throughout the remainder of 2016, residents and community leaders worked together to identify a shared vision for the future of the community and develop strategies to achieve this desired future. The Cleveland Township Planning Commission oversaw the planning process and guided the creation of this Master Plan. The Land Information Access Association (LIAA), a community planning nonprofit based in Traverse City, facilitated the process. The Master Plan process involved a variety of civic engagement activities including public input sessions, educational gatherings, and community workshops. These events are summarized on the timeline in this chapter. Each event provided opportunities for citizens, stakeholders and public officials to identify important community issues and generate a shared vision The public process to develop this plan included four advertised public meetings, monthly planning commission meetings, a mailed survey, and a number of other ways for the public to share input. for the Township’s future. A Master Plan Survey was also mailed to each address in the Township, and 312 residents and business owners completed the survey. The key themes from public input are included throughout the Plan, and full summaries of each public meeting as well as an analysis of the survey results are included in the appendices. Chapter 1 ••• 3 Introduction �Introduction PUBLIC HEARING TBD PLANNING SURVEY JULY 12th A survey, created by the Cleveland Township Planning Commission, was mailed to every address in the Township. The survey responses provided a basis for the goals and implementation strategies in this Plan. SUSTAINABILITY WORKSHOP FEBRUARY 23rd Approximately 35 residents gathered to have an in-depth discussion about the environmental goals of the proposed Master Plan. AUGUST 25th 2016 JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV PUBLIC KICKOFF MEETING JUNE 23rd Around 35 residents gathered to learn about the Master Plan process and hear presentations from local experts on topics like the National Park Service, broadband accessibility, watershed planning, and an aging population. STUDY SESSION NOVEMBER 2nd Planning Commission gathered along with several residents to draft the community goals and actions for the Plan. DEC 2017 JAN FEB MAR MASTER PLAN OPEN HOUSE MARCH 25th Residents gathered following the Annual Township Meeting to review the draft Master Plan and future land use map, and to help prioritize the goals, objectives and actions of the draft Plan through a series of hand-on activities. APR MAY PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD TBD • • • 4 Residents gathered to hear the results of the survey and share ideas for the future of the Township through various hands-on activities. Topics included the environment, economy, housing, and future land use. Chapter 1 CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN VISIONING WORKSHOP �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN HISTORY OF CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP Ottawa and Ojibwe Indian tribes were the first people known to inhabit what is now Leelanau County, migrating to the area in the 17th century in order to fish, hunt, and produce maple sap. In the mid-1600s, French explorers and fur traders settled in the region for its proximity to trade routes and profitable timber. Throughout the 18th century, the shipping industry on the Great Lakes increased rapidly along with the region’s population. The first European settlement in Cleveland Township was established in November 1855 by Bohemian immigrants. A bronze plaque at the corner of M-22 and Bohemian Road (County Road 669) commemorates this first settlement, known as North Unity. The early Bohemian settlers built a schoolhouse, sawmill, and a store. A gristmill on Shalda Creek at the outlet of Little Traverse Lake was built around 1860. The Shalda House across from the Cleveland Township Hall also served as a grocery store. The first post office was established in 1859. Lumbering was North Unity’s principal means of livelihood until a devastating fire destroyed the settlement in 1871. After the fire, families moved farther inland from the water’s edge and the community became more agriculturally oriented. The Port Oneida Rural Historic District is an example of traditional agriculture. The district is part of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. In the 1970s, many new homes were built in the Township, especially in the areas surrounding Little Traverse Lake and Lime Lake. Other homes were built along the Lake Michigan shoreline, along Maple City Road north of Maple City, scattered along Bohemian Road, and in the Sugar Loaf Mountain area. Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore was authorized by Congress in 1970 in order to preserve the area’s dunes and coastal habitats in perpetuity. The creation of the park was controversial at the time, as the federal government used eminent domain to purchase a number of private properties. In Cleveland Township, a number of homes along the lakeshore have been permitted to remain provided no changes in use occur. Sugar Loaf Mountain, along the eastern boundary of the Township, was used as a ski resort from 1947 until 2000. Current efforts to redevelop Sugar Loaf, and the community’s vision for this property as identified through this planning process, are included in Chapter 2. By the early 21st century, additional residential growth was seen along School Lake Road, Hlavka Road, Trumbull Road, Sullivan Road, and generally in the Sugar Loaf resort area, including some multiple-family housing. Chapter 1 ••• 5 Introduction �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN COMMUNITY PROFILE A community profile is an important part of any Master Plan. As stated in Michigan’s Planning Enabling Act, a Master Plan should inventory the components of a community in order to best plan for the future. Chapters 2 through 5 of this Master Plan contain information on the Township’s natural resources, including water, soils, and wildlife; public services like transportation infrastructure and parks; demographic characteristics of the population including age, poverty and household composition; and condition of the economy and housing markets, including housing stock growth, employment, and broadband accessibility. A summary of main trends is listed at the beginning of each chapter. The community profile was used throughout the planning process to inform this Master Plan’s strategic goals (Chapter 6) and future land use classifications (Chapter 7). SUMMARY OF COMMUNITY PROFILE The following is a short list of trends that are explained in greater detail in Chapters 2 through 5. Each of these were considered key issues throughout the planning process. Strategies and action steps to address these issues are included in Chapter 6. 1. Cleveland Township is part of a pristine ecosystem including inland lakes, Lake Michigan, wetlands, and many rare and protected species. Water quality studies indicate that steps should be taken to protect this environment from future degradation. 2. Land use is changing slowly over time in the Township, with 209 acres of natural lands converted to single-family housing since 2000. Agriculture remains a viable industry in the County and in the Township. The population in the County and the Township is expected to grow and may increase demand for new housing. 3. Leelanau County is close to job centers including Traverse City, and 40% of the County’s working residents commute out of the County for work. This increases stress on the transportation system and could support increased demand for public transportation. 4. The population in Cleveland Township may have fewer resources than in the past. Poverty is increasing, especially among those 17 and under in the Township, and the median household income has decreased by 18% since 2000. 5. The population in Cleveland Township is aging, with fewer young people and more elderly residents than in previous years. The population is sure to require access to Community Profile ••• 6 �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN services such as healthcare, recreation, transportation, and appropriate housing as residents continue to age. 6. Housing in the region, including Cleveland Township, is relatively expensive for prospective buyers and renters. The shortage of affordable housing has far-reaching impacts on Northwest Michigan’s regional economy. Community Profile ••• 7 �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Chapter 2. Natural Features and Land Use Cleveland Township is defined by pristine natural features including prime woodlands, picturesque coastal areas, high water quality, and abundant wildlife. CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP’S WATER ASSETS Cleveland Township’s identity is formed around its water assets. Lake Michigan’s Good Harbor Bay is along the Township’s northern boundary, providing many opportunities for residents and visitors to enjoy the beach, dunes, and beautiful views of Lake Michigan. There are also seven inland lakes (Bass, Hidden, Lime, Little Traverse, Narada, School, and Shell) within the Township, each used for a variety of recreational activities. Residential uses are permitted Shalda Creek near Lake Michigan, 2016. primarily around Lime Lake and Little Traverse Lake. The other lakes are within the National Lakeshore and are managed by the National Park Service. Generally, surface water flows south to north through the Township, from Lime Creek to Lime Lake, Shetland Creek, Little Traverse Lake, Shalda Creek, and finally emptying into Lake Michigan’s Good Harbor Bay. Map 2.1 shows the water bodies in Cleveland Township. Chapter 2 ••• 8 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township 2.1 - Lakes and Streams Hatt Pond I Good Harbor Bay Keldert-iou c L, ., 22 a:: ro E- . 0 """ N A 0 ... C (l) Cl) C (/ C: 0.5 H vk I • Miles [ssg j , CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP ' Rymt drl ck ....1 <ll E= CJ :.J 00 rrurT Roads C va Data Sources: Leelana u County GIS Mic higan Ctr for Geo. Info. - Lakes Map produced 4/201 7 - - Township Boundary - - Streams Chapter 2 -,; ••• 9 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Hidden Lake Cleveland Township Basch 2.2 - Major Watersheds Hatt Pond Good Harbor Bay ake Michi a Narada Lake ,raverse Lal<.e ~ Q) a, Little Traverse Lake Q) .c. ~ School Lake Schoo l Lake \ii-' "1\0~(\ N A 0 0.5 Ql C C ,: t2 Ne 1 Hlavka Lime Lake Miles Q) C ro E Q) R ant Narlock E ::i .c 0 CD Shimek Trumb II D D D Crystal Run - Township Bou ndary Good Harbor Bay __ Highways Lake Lee lanau - - Roads Chapter 2 Lakes - - Streams Data Sources: Lee lanau County GIS Michiga n Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 ••• 10 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Good Harbor Bay Watershed Nearly all (89%) of Cleveland Township’s land lies within the Good Harbor Bay Watershed. The Good Harbor Bay Watershed is about 45 square miles in area and extends generally from the uplands of Kasson Township north to Good Harbor Bay, westward through Glen Arbor Township and eastward through Leland Township. The watershed includes land in five townships (Centerville, Cleveland, Glen Arbor, Kasson and Leland). Cleveland Township makes up 66% of the Good Harbor Bay Watershed. In other words, Cleveland Township provides the majority of the ground and surface water flow of the watershed. Map 2.2 shows the boundaries of the Good Harbor Bay Watershed. Water Quality Data on water quality comes from Most of Cleveland Township, including Lime Lake and Little Traverse Lake (pictured above), are part of the Good Harbor Bay Watershed. the Good Harbor Bay Watershed Protection Plan (GHBWPP) and the Leelanau Conservancy’s Water Quality Database. The GHBWPP was developed in 2015 by a Steering Committee of 15 regional and state partners including the Lime Lake Association, Little Traverse Property Owners Association, and Little Traverse Conservationists. The goal of the GHBWPP is to protect the water quality in the watershed by creating partnerships between groups, identifying priority areas, and implementing tasks to help protect the watershed. The GHBWPP also provides baseline data on water quality trends and concerns. Many of the recommendations of the GHBWPP would require Cleveland Township to amend ordinances and create new regulations to protect water quality in the Township. Several recommendations of the GHBWPP are included in Chapter 6 of this plan. The GHBWPP summarizes water quality monitoring reports and scientific research conducted within the watershed through the Leelanau Conservancy (for its Water Quality Database) and by lake association volunteers. The following section describes two water quality variables — trophic status and total phosphorus — of the waterways and water bodies in Cleveland Township according to the GHBWPP. Chapter 2 ••• 11 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Trophic Status The trophic status of a lake is indicative of its biological productivity, or the weight of living material supported within the lake. Lakes with a high trophic status have high nutrient concentrations resulting in algae growth, cloudy water, and oxygen levels that can constrain aquatic life. Lakes with a low trophic state are cool and clear, with low nutrient concentration. The GHBWPP classifies the trophic status of Lime Lake and Little Traverse Lake within the “oligotrophic” state. This is the lowest trophic state on the spectrum, meaning that the Trophic Status Index (TSI) for the lakes are below 35. However, the TSI values for Little Traverse Lake (32.03) and Lime Lake (31.47) are close to becoming mesotrophic. Mesotrophic lakes have an intermediate level of nutrients and are closer to eutrophic status where algae growth, cloudy water, and low oxygen levels are characteristic. The GHBWPP identifies a number of steps that can be taken to keep the lakes within oligotrophic status. Total Phosphorus Water quality in the watershed can also be discussed in terms of the acceptable uses of the water bodies. Two designations are relevant to the Township: degraded and impaired. The degraded designation means that water quality in all of the water bodies of the Good Harbor Bay watershed currently meets water quality standards for the particular use but may not in the near future. This determination was made given trends in water quality monitoring data, most especially the Trophic Status Index noted above. The impaired designation means that current water quality does not meet acceptable standards for the particular use. Currently, there are four uses of the Good Harbor Bay Watershed’s water bodies, including those in Cleveland Township, classified as degraded or impaired:  Warmwater and Coldwater Fishery - Degraded  Other Indigenous Aquatic Life and Wildlife - Degraded  Partial/Total Body Contact Recreation - Degraded  Fish Consumption - Impaired Causes of the degraded and impaired designations identified in the GHBWPP include the presence of significant phosphorus levels in the water, the introduction and proliferation of invasive species, and the presence of mercury (a statewide problem). Of these causes, phosphorus levels are the most readily addressed by land-use regulation or other government efforts, though local efforts to limit invasive species can also be effective. Chapter 2 ••• 12 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Phosphorus is necessary to support plant growth in aquatic systems. However, excessive phosphorus triggers excessive algae growth, which clouds the water and reduces oxygen needed by other aquatic life such as fish. Human-caused sources of phosphorus include runoff from pastures and crops, urban runoff from pavement and rooftops, and the use of particular fertilizers on residential lawns close to a water source. Total phosphorus in Little Traverse and Lime Lakes decreased between 1990 and 2014 due to natural filtering by zebra mussel populations and efforts by land owners to reduce phosphorus inputs to the lakes. This Master Plan seeks to further reduce phosphorus loading and prevent phosphorus increases caused by humans in the Township’s waterways in order to protect water quality in Cleveland Township and the Good Harbor Bay Watershed (see Chapter 6). TOPOGRAPHY The Township’s landscape varies in elevation from approximately 577 feet to 1,105 feet above sea level, with two valley areas in the Township running north and south. There are also a number of low-lying areas in the Township, largely surrounding Little Traverse Lake, Lime Lake, School Lake, and Shell Lake. The topography of the Township is shown on Map 2.3. The dramatic topography in Cleveland Township has supported the development of a ski hill and resort facilities, has made fruit growing possible on many of the Township’s slopes, and adds to the desirability for vacation homes. Housing development along the Township’s ridgelines The Township's dramatic topography not only makes it picturesque, but it helps allow for certain agricultural crops, like fruit trees. has been raised as a concern and is addressed in Chapter 6 of this plan. Chapter 2 ••• 13 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN WETLANDS Wetlands are a valuable natural resource. They provide a number of important ecosystem services, including flood control benefits, nutrient and pollution filtration, groundwater recharge, and habitat for plants and wildlife. The Township has a number of wetland areas surrounding its inland lakes, found primarily in the areas south of Lime Lake, along Maple City Road, and along Bohemian Road. Wetlands in the Township are shown on Map 2.4. Many of the areas where wetlands are prominent are near lakes and scenic views, making these areas highly attractive to residential development. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) regulates development within some of the state’s wetlands, though the Township is permitted to be even more restrictive of development in wetland areas. The Township’s goals for wetlands and the environment are listed in Chapter 6. The Township's lakes, streams, and wetlands provide unique habitats for plants and animals. Chapter 2 ••• 14 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township 2.3 - Digital Elevation Model Good Harbor Bay Kelderhouse Lake Michigan ,ra'llerse t-1 N A 0 0.5 School ? School Lake \)Cf ,/ ..., sn°~ Nachatel. ~'{)'\ I ... -.!P i La\r.8 '::,,jg'C)\ . - - - CII CII UmeLake Nemeskal Js~sl Mi les April .J ~- ....: Ill Q) C: CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP ) ro .E Ryant Q) .c E Narlock :.J ~ :... 0 co ~ Shimek c3 CD 0. m .>o: ·2 .5 .c 0 al ci5 == / \ Trumbll - High : 1,075ft - - Township Boundary - - Highways Low : 580ft Centu Lakes - - Streams - - Roads Sullivan Data Sources: Geospatial Data Gateway Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 Chapter 2 ••• 15 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township Basch 2.4 - National Wetlands Inventory and Potential Wetland Restoration Good Harbor Bay ( ..School ~... Lake ~ I N A 0 0.5 1 # Hlavka Lime Lake Miles April (1) C E --E~ ::J Ryant a, t - - -- ' - - -- _ _ . / .c 0 cc I Shimek - Wetlands - - Township Boundary Wetland Restoration - - Highways - - - Roads High Potential Lakes - - Streams I Data Sources: Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 Moderate Potential Low Potential Chapter 2 ••• 16 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN PRIME WOODLANDS AND FARMLANDS The Township’s orchards, croplands and extensive stands of hardwoods not only support the local economy, but are also beautiful natural resources that residents and visitors enjoy. Northern hardwoods are especially predominant in western Cleveland Township, on the ridges of the sloped lands in the central part of the Township, and throughout the National Lakeshore. Lowland conifers are located south of Lime Lake, and pockets of pine trees are found throughout the Township. Map 2.5 shows the Township’s prime farmlands, farmlands of local importance, and areas that may be prime farmland if adequately drained. Prime farmland is comprised of a number of soil types, as defined by the National Resource Conservation Service. Low-sloping soils of the Emmet and Nester soil types are considered prime farmlands because the natural drainage of the soil is high and the Active agricultural uses, such as apple orchards, support the Township’s economy while providing an enjoyable quality of life for residents. slope is low. This is a general assessment, however, and successful agriculture may also be possible in other soil conditions. Farmlands of local importance are typically defined by state or local governments as areas that have economically high yield or host otherwise valuable farm activity. A number of areas in Cleveland Township are in this category, including just east of County Road 669 and along M-22 in the northwestern portion of the Township. Areas designated “prime farmland if drained” may or may not be currently drained and used for agricultural purposes. The Township has many areas of prime agricultural soil types. Trends in agricultural uses are discussed later in this chapter. Chapter 2 ••• 17 Natural Resources and Land Use �Hidden Lake CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township r 2.5 - Prime Farmland Soils aft Pond Good Harbor Bay Lake ake Michi a Narada Lake , ra\/erse Lal<.e Little Traverse Lake N A 0 Lime Lake 0.5 Miles CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP - All areas are prime farmland Farmland of loca l importance - - Township Boundary - - Hig hways Lakes - - Streams - - Roads Prime farm land if dra ined Chapter 2 Data Sources: NRCS Leelana u County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 ••• 18 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN FLOODPLAINS The low-lying areas (wetlands) along Shalda Creek, Shetland Creek, Little Traverse Lake and Lime Lake have been subject to flooding in the past. Map 2.6 shows a general assessment of flood risk as last identified in 2011 by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). It is important to note that these floodplains were presented as a draft to the public in 2011 and have since been retracted, due to evidence that flooding along the shoreline elsewhere in the County is historically less severe than noted by Flooding near homes at the outlet of Little Traverse Lake into Shalda Creek, 2016. Photo taken by LIAA. FEMA. Therefore, Map 2.6 shows areas where local flood risk may be high, primarily around Little Traverse and Lime Lakes. The shoreline flooding on Map 2.6 is less reliable given the contested nature of the FEMA study in 2011. Typically, times of flooding coincide with high water levels and high groundwater. Generally, flood risk can increase due to a variety of factors that may include the construction of additional homes, roads, and driveways; the filling of wetlands; and wildlife activity such as beaver dams. In 2016, Shalda Creek flooded over its banks and raised flood concerns for homes on the western edges of Little Traverse Lake. The Township is working with the Leelanau County Road Commission, the Little Traverse Lake Property Owners Association, and the National Park Service to investigate the cause of this flooding with engineeringbacked research and identify possible methods to reduce the flood risk to homes in this area in the future. Chapter 2 ••• 19 Natural Resources and Land Use �,-,-- -- - - - CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Hidden Lake Cleveland Township Basch 2.6 - FEMA Flood Zones Hatt Pond Good Harbor Bay School Lake School Lake N A 0 0.5 .... C: .!!! Cl) 3:: ~ Cl) f Ne Lime Lake Hlavka Miles April Q) C E (ll .E R ant Q) ,.._ .c: 0 CD fr(J z, 0 Shimek f"l/b(J/J Q) o_ ro (J a, E :.:::.; Narlock :.:J ~ C ..c (.) (ll ii5 Centu - A- 100yr flood , no Base Flood Elevations determined c::::J A E - 100yr flood, Base Flood Elevations determined - Township Boundary - - Highways Lakes - - Streams - - Roads Data Sources: FEMA Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 Chapter 2 ••• 20 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN ENDANGERED SPECIES The State of Michigan maintains an inventory by county of all state and federal endangered, threatened, and special-concern species and natural communities. Endangered species in Leelanau County include the piping plover, prairie warbler, peregrine falcon, pugnose shiner, deepwater pondsnail, and the Michigan monkey flower. Table 2.1 shows the endangered, threatened, and special-concern species in Leelanau County. Table 2.1 Endangered, Threatened, or Species of Special Concern in Leelanau County Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status Acris crepitans blanchardi Adlumia fungosa Ammodramus savannarum Blanchard's cricket frog Climbing fumitory Grasshopper sparrow T SC SC Asplenium rhizophyllum Walking fern T Asplenium trichomanesramosum Green spleenwort Berula erecta Cut-leaved water parsnip Botrychium campestre Prairie Moonwort or Dunewort Botrychium spathulatum Spatulate moonwort Bromus pumpellianus Pumpelly's bromegrass Calypso bulbosa Calypso or fairy-slipper Carex platyphylla Broad-leaved sedge Carychium nannodes File thorn Charadrius melodus Piping plover Cirsium pitcher Pitcher's thistle Coregonus artedi Lake herring or Cisco Cypripedium arietinum Ram's head lady's-slipper Dendroica discolor Prairie warbler Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon Galearis spectabilis Showy orchis Gavia immer Common loon Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle Huperzia selago Fir clubmoss Lampsilis fasciola Wavyrayed lampmussel Linum sulcatum Furrowed flax Microtus pinetorum Woodland vole Mimulus michiganensis Michigan monkey flower Myotis septentrionalis Northern long-eared bat Notropis anogenus Pugnose shiner Orobanche fasciculate Broomrape Panax quinquefolius Ginseng Pterospora andromedea Pine-drops Pyganodon lacustris Lake floater Stagnicola contracta Deepwater pondsnail Tanacetum huronense Lake Huron tansy Terrapene carolina Carolina Eastern box turtle Trimerotropis huroniana Lake Huron locust Triphora trianthophora Nodding pogonia or three birds orchid Venustaconcha ellipsiformis Ellipse Source: Michigan Natural Features Inventory, (12/2014) Chapter 2 ••• 21 LE LT LE LT T SC T T T T T E SC E T T SC E E T T SC SC T SC SC E S E T T T SC E T SC T T SC Federal Status Codes LE= Listed Endangered LT= Listed Threatened State Status Codes E= Endangered T= Threatened SC= Special Concern Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN ACTIVE LAND USES Map 2.7 shows the active land uses in the Township in 2014. To produce this map, aerial imagery was used to determine the approximate use of the land. The categories are agricultural, barren, forest, grass and shrub, water, wetlands, and urban and built up. Because aerial imagery was used to determine land use, this study captures a “moment in time” as opposed to a long-term trend. Table 2.2 shows the categories of land use in 2000 and 2014 by acreage and by percentage of the total land area in the Township. In 2014, the majority of Cleveland Township’s land was forested (61.7%). The second- and third-largest categories of land use were grass and shrub (14.2%) and agricultural (6.7%). Agricultural uses in the Township are discussed in greater detail in the Economy section of this chapter. Urban and built up land includes primarily residential homes concentrated around Little Traverse Lake, Lime Lake, and the Sugar Loaf Resort area. There were smaller The majority of the Township's land is forested. There are a number of residential areas, like these homes near Sugar Loaf. pockets of urban and built up areas near the intersection of School Lake Road and Wheeler Road, along County Roads 669 and 667, and south of Lime Lake along Lime Lake Road. Table 2.2 Land Use by Acres Agricultural Barren Forest Grass and Shrub Water Wetlands Urban & Built Up Total Acreage Acres 1,438 198 13,157 3,022 1,713 427 1,367 2000 % of total 6.7 0.9 61.7 14.2 8.0 2.0 6.4 21,321 100.0 # 1,583 208 13,463 2,315 1,747 506 1,500 21,321 2014 % of total 7.4 1.0 63.1 10.9 8.2 2.4 7.0 100.0 Change 2000-2014 # % 145.1 10.1 10.4 5.3 305.9 2.3 -707.8 -23.4 34.4 2.0 79.1 18.5 132.9 9.7 0.0 0.0 Source: Land Information Access Association Chapter 2 ••• 22 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township 2.7 - Land Use (2014) Good Harbor Bay N A 0 Lime Lake 0.5 Miles CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP Urban & Built Up Water - Agricultural Land - Grass & Shrub Land - - Forest Land - - - Township Boundary Wetlands __ Highways Barren Lakes - - Streams - - Roads Data Sources : LIAA Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 Chapter 2 ••• 23 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Change in Land Use Table 2.3 shows the number of acres that were classified differently in 2014 than in 2000. The columns of the table reference the land use in 2014, while the rows reference land use in 2000. Map 2.8 shows the active land uses in the Township in 2000, while Map 2.9 shows the areas where a change in land use has occurred from 2000 to 2014. Table 2.3 Acreage Change in Land Use, 2000 to 2014 Urban 2000 Land Use Urban Ag Grass Forest Water Wetland Barren Total 10 116 83 Ag 205 10 Grass 13 35 114 2014 Land Use Forest Water Wetland 63 5 26 545 3 89 5 209 220 Barren 10 5 162 613 34 89 10 Total 76 75 870 307 0 10 0 1,338 Source: Land Information Access Association Many land-use changes may be natural and cyclical in nature, such as the change from forest lands to wetlands (89 acres), or from wetlands to water (5 acres). Some changes result from manmade action, such as the change from grass and forest lands to urbanized areas (83 acres and 116 acres respectively). Specific manmade changes include:  A number of new homes were built in the community between 2000 and 2014. Roughly 209 acres of new urban areas have been developed on prior grass, forest, or agricultural land. Areas of new development include the southwest edge of Little Traverse Lake, Wheeler Road south of School Lake Road, South of Lime Lake along Lime Lake Road, and along Maple City Road. These areas of new growth are consistent with land-use goals identified in the 1992 and 2009 Master Plans.  A number of homes have been removed in the National Park Service land along the lakeshore (roughly 76 acres). This is consistent with the 2008 General Management Plan for the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. These areas have been returned to a natural landscape with plantings such as dune grass. Several homes still remain along the shoreline.  Several existing agricultural fields appear to have been expanded, although it is unclear whether this reflects a seasonal change due to crop rotation. Chapter 2 ••• 24 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township 2.8 - Land Use (2000) Good Harbor Bay N A 0 Lime Lake 0.5 Miles Urban & Built Up Water - Agricultural Land - Grass & Shrub Land - - Forest Land Chapter 2 - - - Township Boundary Wetlands __ Highways Barren Lakes __ Streams - - Roads Data Sources: LIAA Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 ••• 25 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township 2.9 - Land Use (2014) (hatching indicates change) Good Harbor Bay N A 0 Lime Lake 05 Miles CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP ~ Change Detected - Forest Land - - Township Boundary Water Uroan & Built Up - - Agricultural Land - Grass & Shrub Land - Wetlands - - Highways - - Roads Lakes - - Streams Data Sources : LIAA Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo . Info. Barren Map produced 4/2017 Chapter 2 ••• 26 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN BROWNFIELD SITES According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a brownfield is “a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.” Often, brownfields are vacant or abandoned. Restoring brownfields is an important way to maximize existing infrastructure, wisely control future growth, and create economic opportunities. Sugar Loaf Resort sits on one of the highest peaks in Leelanau County. Sugar Loaf Resort is the only brownfield site in Cleveland Township and has been the cause of much regional attention in recent years. The Sugar Loaf Resort originally opened in 1947 and had 478 acres of facilities, including a hotel, a paved airstrip, mountain bike trails, 25 ski runs, seven ski lifts, and 26 kilometers of cross-country ski trails. The Resort originally had 72 townhomes and a wastewater treatment plant. The Resort employed over 300 people and was the largest employer in Leelanau County. In 2000, Sugar Loaf Resort closed. Eventually, the townhomes and golf course were sold to private owners. The remainder of the property — including the hotel, airstrip, and hilltops — has since fallen into disrepair, and dilapidated buildings and dangerous ski lift equipment now occupy one of Leelanau County’s highest peaks. Leelanau County and Cleveland Township have been working to ensure that the future redevelopment of Sugar Loaf Mountain is not impaired by regulation. In 2009 and 2010, the County secured funding to assess the condition of the brownfield site and create a Brownfield Plan. Cleveland Township amended its zoning ordinance to accommodate a Planned Unit Development. As of 2016, Leelanau County was taking the steps necessary to condemn the property for code violations. Presumably, the vacant structures will be demolished, which may serve to attract new development to the hilltop. In 2009, through the U.S. EPA’s Technical Assistance for Brownfields program, experts from Michigan State University and Kansas State University led the community through a visioning workshop for the future of the abandoned Sugar Loaf Resort. The workshop identified three primary uses residents would like to see at the site: recreation, resort, and Chapter 2 ••• 27 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN the natural environment. Chapter 6 of this Master Plan contains a vision for Sugar Loaf that builds on this 2009 workshop. CLIMATE AND LONG-TERM WEATHER TRENDS From the quality of agricultural production to the number of extreme storms, climate and weather impacts everyday life in Cleveland Township. Well-documented changes in Northern Michigan’s regional climate need to be understood in order to plan for a resilient future in Cleveland Township. This section provides a short overview of some of the key indicators that are changing or have already changed in Northern Michigan’s regional climate according to statewide climate experts. Observed and expected changes in Northern Michigan’s climate include the following.1 • Storms are expected to become more frequent and more severe. Already, the amount of precipitation falling in the heaviest 1% of storms increased by 37% in the Midwest between 1958 and 2012. Due to changes in temperature and the seasonality of storm patterns, it is anticipated that increased precipitation will fall as rain instead of snow, and be concentrated in the spring and fall months. • Wetter weather can strain infrastructure, cause flooding around lakes, streams and coastlines, and flush toxins into water bodies. • Winter precipitation may increase in the Great Lakes region, as warmer temperatures may limit the amount of ice on the Great Lakes, causing increased lake-effect snow. However, northern communities may see less snow falling as a result of weather systems and more as a result of lake effect, causing less predictable snowfall overall. • Temperature changes may result in a longer growing season (earlier spring and later fall) for agricultural production. Temperature increases can also trigger more extreme heat days, a trend not typical for or anticipated by many Northern Michigan residents. Temperature increases also can trigger water quality concerns and changes for plants and animals, especially in coastal wetlands. • The number and severity of extreme storms on the Great Lakes are expected to increase. This can cause problems for coastal areas including flooding, greater erosion risks, and power outages. Increases in severe storms and rain events can create flooding and erosion challenges on streams like Shalda Creek. 1 This information comes from the Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments Center summary pages on climate change impacts. More information can be found here: http://glisa.umich.edu/resources/summary and here: http://glisa.umich.edu/climate Chapter 2 ••• 28 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN In general, this information underscores the importance of protecting the natural environment, preparing for emergencies, and carefully maintaining infrastructure. Chapter 6 contains the goals, objectives, and action steps identified to prepare Cleveland Township to face challenges related to our changing climate and weather patterns. Preserving Cleveland Township's natural resources was a key goal of this Master Plan. Chapter 2 ••• 29 Natural Resources and Land Use �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Chapter 3. Public Services and Transportation UTILITIES Cleveland Township is served by MichCon for natural gas and by Consumers Energy for electric services. Charter Cable holds a franchise agreement with the Township for cable television service. Several companies offer trash pickup within the Township, including Waste Management and American Waste. Those wishing to recycle newspaper, glass, aluminum, cardboard and plastic can drop off materials at several locations within the County. The location most convenient for many Township residents is at the Cedar boat launch north of Cedar. Recycling services are provided by a licensed waste management company through a county-wide contract. There is no public water service or public sewer disposal within the Township. SAFETY AND EMERGENCY SERVICES Police service is provided by the Leelanau County Sherriff’s Office Law Enforcement CEDAR AREA FIRE & RESCUE Division. The Division serves a total of 11 townships and three villages in the County. ...........---- SOLON - CENTERVILLE - CLEVELAND - KASSON - - In 2015, Cleveland Township became a joint owner of the Cedar Area Fire and Rescue Department. This Fire Department replaces the Solon/Centerville Fire Board. The decision to share this resource The Cedar Area Fire & Rescue Department was created in 2015. Photo source: Cedar Area Fire & Rescue Department Facebook page. between Centerville, Cleveland, Kasson and Solon townships was made to ensure that the Fire Department can provide highquality emergency and fire services. A representative from each township and one at-large representative participate on the Cedar Area Fire and Rescue Board to govern the Department. EDUCATION Cleveland Township lies within two public school districts: Leland Public School District and Glen Lake Community Schools. Each district is served by the Traverse Bay Area Chapter 3 ••• 30 Public Services and Transportation �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Intermediate School District (TBAISD). Map 3.1 shows the boundaries of the two school districts in the Township. Table 3.1 shows the total enrollment of each school district from 2010 through 2015. In general, enrollment in Glen Lake Community Schools and the Traverse Bay Area Intermediate School District overall has decreased from 2011 to 2015. Leland Public Schools enrollment has remained relatively stable, gaining about 20 students from 2011 to 2015. Table 3.1 School Enrollment Leland Public Schools Glen Lake Community Schools Traverse Bay Area Intermediate School District 2011-2 2012-3 2013-4 2014-5 2015-6 456 807 24,295 411 782 23,042 426 770 22,990 464 747 22,519 475 736 22,105 Source: Michigan Department of Education (2011-2016) Chapter 3 ••• 31 Public Services and Transportation �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township 3.1 - School Districts Good Harbor Bay ...m m m .r:. s: N A 0 Lime Lake 0.5 Miles CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP - GlenLake - - Township Boundary D Leland - - Highways Data Sources: Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Lakes - - Streams Map produced 4/2017 - - Roads Chapter 3 ••• 32 Public Services and Transportation �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN TRANSPORTATION The Township has a number of state, county, local, and private roads and trails that connect residents of Cleveland Township with other places in the region. Transportation is a key factor of economic capacity for both tourism and commuting, while recreational trails provide residents and visitors opportunities to explore the many natural areas in the National Lakeshore and the Township. Cleveland Township’s Transportation Network The Township contains state, county and private roads, and has access to public transportation and recreational trails. State Highway The Township has approximately five miles of state roadway (M-22). The remainder of the Township contains county roads and private roads. M-22 is a State Heritage Route that is often used as a scenic drive for tourists in the region. County Roads The Township has a number of county roads including County Roads 669 and 667. The Leelanau County Road Commission and Cleveland Township share the cost for the winter maintenance of county roads. Public Transportation The Bay Area Transportation Authority (BATA) provides the area with bus service. Although there County Road 669 or Bohemian Road. Photo source: United States Army Corps of Engineers. are no fixed routes in Cleveland Township, bus service is available on demand for a nominal fee. The Township’s aging population and commuter workforce would benefit from expanded public transportation options in the Township, as discussed in Chapter 6 of this Plan. Map 3.2 shows the state highways and county roads in the Township. Map 3.2 also shows where private, gravel and unimproved roads exist in the Township. Chapter 3 ••• 33 Public Services and Transportation �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Hidden Lake Basch Hatt Pond Cleveland Township '. 11'1rA 3.2 - Road Classification Shell Lake Good Harbor Bay .s:::. u :o Lake Michigan Cf) C1l Ill ~ Q) ai Little Traverse Lake Q) .s:::. s School Lake -- --------~ N A 0 Hlavk 0.5 Lime Lake Miles April C CLEVELAND C1l ·E TOWNSHIP Rant Q) .s:::. 0 Ill Shimek = State Hwy - Primary Route - - Paved = ~~ Private Township Boundary Gravel Road Roads Unimproved Lakes Map produ ced 4/2017 - - Streams Chapter 3 Data Sources: Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. ••• 34 Public Services and Transportation �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Recreational Trails The Sleeping Bear Heritage Trail is a shared-use pathway that runs the length the National Lakeshore and includes the Villages of Empire and Glen Arbor. The completed section of trail in the Township connects the Port Oneida Trailhead to County Road 669. The trail provides an opportunity for bikers, walkers, and others to enjoy the National Lakeshore and has a boardwalk that crosses Narada Lake. The final leg of the Sleeping Bear Heritage Trail is expected to begin near County Road 669 and extend east around Little Traverse Lake before connecting to the Good Harbor Trailhead. At the time of this writing, funding for the expansion of the trail has not yet been secured. M-22 is a major State Trunkline running through Cleveland Township that is frequently used as a scenic route for tourism. Chapter 3 ••• 35 Public Services and Transportation �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Chapter 4. The People of Cleveland Township The following section contains a series of tables and accompanying text to describe the Township’s population. In general, each table uses data collected on a rolling basis from 2010 through 2014 by the American Community Survey (ACS, a product of the United States Census Bureau) to represent current conditions in Cleveland Township. Census data from the 2000 Census is used as a point of comparison, and where appropriate, a change in both number and percentage (using a percent change formula) is also given. Where appropriate, data for Cleveland Township is compared to Leelanau County and the State of Michigan overall. UNDERSTANDING CENSUS DATA While the U.S. Census collects information every 10 years (1990 and 2000 data is used here), the American Community Survey, also conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, collects data on a rolling basis throughout each year. The American Community Survey summarizes data into five-year ranges. The estimates for 2010 to 2014 are used in this section in order to show the most recent data available. The tables on the next few pages display a number, a percent (where relevant), and a percentage change from the first year (2000 data) to the current conditions (2010 to 2014 data). Current conditions are labeled as 2014 on the tables for readability. POPULATION GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION According to U.S. Census estimates, Cleveland Township had 1,008 permanent residents as of 2014. This number is slightly smaller than the Township’s 2000 population of 1,040. Table 4.1 shows the population of Cleveland Township, Leelanau County, and the State of Michigan in 1990, 2000 and 2014. Cleveland Township and Leelanau County grew expansively from 1990 to 2000, increasing by 32.8% and 27.8% respectively. This growth tapered off after 2000, with Cleveland Township losing about 3% of its population, or 32 residents, between 2000 and 2014. For general planning purposes, one may assume that some, though likely not all, seasonal residents are included in these population numbers. In 2000, the U.S. Census counted a seasonal resident in the total population if that resident considered Michigan his/her “usual residence.” In 2014, a seasonal resident was counted if s/he spent at least two months of the year in Michigan. Seasonal populations are discussed in Chapter 5 in greater detail. Chapter 4 ••• 36 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Table 4.1 Population, 1990-2014 Cleveland Township Leelanau County State of Michigan 1990 2000 2014 % Change 1990 to 2000 % Change 2000 to 2014 783 16,527 9,295,297 1,040 21,119 9,938,444 1,008 21,739 9,889,024 32.8 27.8 6.9 -3.1 2.9 -0.5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (1990, 2000), American Community Survey (2010-2014) Population Projections Although the Township’s population has remained relatively stable since 2000, population projections suggest that the Township might grow in the coming years. Table 4.2 shows the population projections for Cleveland Township and Leelanau County. To determine the projected population for Cleveland Township, the growth rate of Leelanau County for each five-year period was applied to Cleveland Township’s population. Table 4.2 shows that between 2015 and 2020, Leelanau County’s projected growth is 5.071%. This percentage was applied to Cleveland Township’s 2015 expected population. The second column on Table 4.2 shows the 2014 actual population. The column on the far right explains that the expected percentage increase between the actual population in 2014 and 2030 is 20.7% for both the Township and the County. The impact of a growing population is discussed in more detail in the next chapter. Table 4.2 Projected Population Cleveland Township Leelanau County Actual Population 2014 1,008 21,739 2015 1,052 22,697 Projected Population 2020 2025 1,105 1,162 23,848 25,079 2030 1,217 26,237 % Change 2014 to 2030 20.7 20.7 Source: American Community Survey (2010-2014), Institute for Research on Labor, Employment, and the Economy, University of Michigan. Prepared for Michigan Department of Transportation, March 2012. AGE Perhaps the most striking quality of Cleveland Township’s population is its age composition. Table 4.3 shows the age distribution of Cleveland Township’s residents in 2000 and 2014, and the change between 2000 and 2014. From 2000 to 2014, the number of residents younger than 55 either decreased or remained stable. The number of residents age 55 or over increased from 2000 to 2014. Nearly 65% of the Township’s population is over the age of 44, while just 20% of the Township’s population is under the age of 20. Chapter 4 ••• 37 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN The cause of this significant change is unclear. However, a number of regional studies suggest that new residents tend to be of retirement age, and younger households with school-aged children have been leaving the area.1 It may also be true that residents are continuing to live in their homes after children have reached adulthood and moved. Table 4.3 Age Distribution of Cleveland Township, 2000-2014 2000 5 and under 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 74 75 to 84 85 and over Total Population # 52 42 88 81 22 87 160 192 62 72 98 64 20 1,040 % of total 5.0 4.0 8.5 7.8 2.1 8.4 15.4 18.5 6.0 6.9 9.4 6.2 1.9 100.0 Change 2000 to 2014 2014 # 33 39 47 80 22 81 66 173 102 93 157 90 26 1,008 % of total 3.3 3.9 4.7 7.9 2.2 8.0 6.5 17.2 10.1 9.2 15.6 8.9 2.6 100.0 # -19 -2 -41 -1 0 -7 -95 -19 39 21 59 25 6 -32 % Change -36.0 -5.5 -46.4 -1.8 1.5 -7.7 -59.1 -9.9 63.2 29.2 60.9 39.1 32.6 -3.1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (2010-2014) Figure 4.1 shows the number of Township residents in each age range by gender in 2014. In general, there are fewer children and young adults than those in older age ranges. The largest group of males are those aged 60 to 64, while the largest group of females are between 70 and 74 years old. 1 Network Northwest Framework for Health… Chapter 4 ••• 38 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Figure 4.1 Age Range of Cleveland Township Residents, by Gender Number of Residents 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 Under 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 Age Range in Years 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 69 70 to 74 75 to 79 80 to 84 Over 84 Source: American Community Survey (2010-2014) Male • • Female An Aging Population Cleveland Township’s age distribution is consistent with Leelanau County overall. Table 4.4 shows that Leelanau County’s median age is much higher and has increased more over time than in the state overall. Cleveland Township’s median age increased from 44.3 in 2000 to 51.9 in 2014, a 17.2 percent increase. Table 4.4 Median Age, 2000-2014 2000 2014 Cleveland Township 44.3 51.9 % Increase, 2000 to 2014 17.2 Leelanau County 42.6 52.5 23.2 State of Michigan 35.5 39.3 10.7 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (2010-2014) Chapter 4 ••• 39 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Figure 4.2 shows the percent change of each age group from 2000 to 2014 in Cleveland Township, Leelanau County, and the State of Michigan. The relative length of the bars indicate that Cleveland Township and Leelanau County have experienced similar changes in age distribution. Fewer children and young adults tend to live in the Township and the County in 2014 than in 2000. The exception is young adults aged 20-24, an age range that grew by a small number in the Township and County between 2000 and 2014. This may be caused by students or post-college adults returning to live with parents, a move that may be temporary. Figure 4.2 also shows the increase in populations over 55. Notably, the Township saw a greater increase in residents ages 65-74 than either the County or the State of Michigan. Change by Age,Group, 2000-2014 Figure 4.2 Percentage Percentage Change in Population by Age 2000-2014 6.0% 3.0% --- 0.0% _. -3.0% -6.0% -9.0% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-74 75-84 85+ •Cleveland Township •Leelanau County •State of Michigan Source: American Community Survey (2010-2014) Networks Northwest, a regional workforce development and planning organization for 10 counties in the region, notes that these trends hold true across northwest Lower Michigan, writing, “Natural age increases that are occurring as the Baby Boomer generation reaches retirement age are compounded by large numbers of retirees that are relocating to rural or shoreline areas in northwest Michigan post-retirement. At the same time, Michigan’s recent recession and the lack of employment or higher education opportunities in many communities have resulted in a significant decline in the number of younger individuals Chapter 4 • •• 40 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN and families.”2 The aging population of Cleveland Township is likely to increase demand for a number of services, and the Township is taking proactive steps to address these needs. For example, the Township is participating in the Cedar Area Fire and Rescue Department to protect the quality of life of residents. This topic was one key theme of the public meetings for this Master Plan and is discussed further in Chapter 6. RACE Both Cleveland Township and Leelanau County became more racially diverse between 2000 and 2014. Tables 4.5 and 4.6 show the racial distribution of Leelanau County and Cleveland Township respectively from 2000 to 2014. Overall, minority populations are growing in Leelanau County and the Township. More Hispanic, African American, Asian, and other minorities live in Leelanau County in 2014 than in 2000. The Township has more residents that identify as Hispanic, Native American, and two or more races. Table 4.5 Race Distribution in Leelanau County 2000 White Alone Hispanic Native American or Alaskan African American Asian Other Race Alone Two or More Races Total Population 2014 # 19,424 694 724 49 48 10 170 % of total 92.0 3.3 3.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.8 # 19,723 834 603 118 141 36 284 % of total 90.7 3.8 2.8 0.5 0.6 0.2 1.3 21,119 100.0 21,739 100.0 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (2010-2014) Table 4.6 Race Distribution in Cleveland Township 2000 White Alone Hispanic Native American or Alaskan African American Asian Other Race Alone Two or More Races Total Population 2014 # 1,018 5 5 2 1 0 9 % of total 97.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.9 # 940 21 32 0 0 0 15 % of total 93.3 2.1 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 1,040 100.0 1,008 100.0 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (2010-2014) 2 Networks Northwest, A Framework for Healthy Communities in Northwest Michigan, 2014. http://www.networksnorthwest.org/userfiles/filemanager/3188/ Chapter 4 ••• 41 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN INCOME Household income is one measurement of the economic condition of a community. Income helps determine how much a household can afford to spend on housing, retail, and other local investments. Table 4.7 shows the median household income for Cleveland Township, Leelanau County, and the State overall from 2000 to 2014. The median household income for the years 2000 and 2010 were adjusted for inflation in order to allow comparisons between years. Overall, median household income has decreased, more so in the State of Michigan than in Leelanau County and Cleveland Township. From 2000 to 2014, Cleveland Township’s median household income decreased nearly 19 percent from $64,832 to $52,632. Table 4.7 Median Household Income ($) Cleveland Township Leelanau County State of Michigan 2000* 2010* 2014 64,832 66,874 63,471 58,177 61,369 52,580 52,632 56,521 49,087 % Change 2000 to 2014 -18.8 -15.5 -22.7 *Adjusted to 2014 Dollars using the Bureau of Labor Statistics Inflation Calculator Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (2006-2010, 2010-2014) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Numerous studies have shown that educational attainment is related to an individual’s earning capacity. In other words, people with more education tend to make higher total incomes over their lifetime. A community’s average educational achievement, therefore, can be one indicator of economic capacity. Table 4.8 shows the percentage of adults (defined as ages 25 and over) with a Bachelor’s degree or higher in Cleveland Township, Leelanau County, and the State of Michigan overall. Table 4.8 Percentage of the Population Ages 25 and Over with at Least a Bachelor's Degree Year 2000 2014 Cleveland Township Leelanau County State of Michigan 28.9 31.4 21.8 28.1 39.5 26.4 % Change 2000 to 2014 -0.8 8.1 4.6 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (20102014) Chapter 4 ••• 42 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN POVERTY In general, the information in Table 4.9 shows that poverty has increased in the Township by 40%, or about 26 individuals, between 2000 and 2014. However, the poverty rate in Leelanau County has more than doubled since 2000, with an additional 1,263 residents living in poverty in 2014. About 9% of Cleveland Township’s population lives in poverty, compared to 11% in Leelanau County and 17% in the State of Michigan. Figure 4.3 shows the age distribution of the total population living in poverty in 2014. Just over 10% of the Township’s youth (ages 17 and under) lived in poverty in 2014. Less than 5% of the senior population (65 years and over) lived in poverty in the Township. Cleveland Township has a smaller share of each age range in poverty than either Leelanau County or the State of Michigan overall. Table 4.9 and Figure 4.3 rely on the U.S. Census Bureau’s definition of poverty. The U.S. Census uses one measurement of poverty, but government aid programs and other organizations may define poverty differently. The U.S. Census Bureau determines dollarvalue thresholds that vary according to family size, age of the householder, and family composition. If a family’s total income is less than the dollar-value threshold, then every individual in the family is considered in poverty. Additionally, non-related persons living with an individual or family in poverty are not considered in poverty. Table 4.9 Individuals in Poverty, 2000 to 2014 Cleveland Township Leelanau County State of Michigan 2000 % of total # population 65 6.2 1,128 5.4 1,021,605 10.5 2014 % of total # population 91 9.1 2,391 11.1 1,633,316 16.9 Change (2000 to 2014) # % change 26 1,263 40.0 112.0 611,711 59.9 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (2010-2014) Chapter 4 ••• 43 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Percent of Age Group in Poverty, Poverty,2014 2014 Figure 4.3 Percentage of Age Living Range in 25 20 15 10 5 0 17 and Under • Cleveland Township 18 to 64 • Leelanau County 65 and Over • State of Michigan Source: American Community Survey (2010-2014) Chapter 4 ••• 44 The People of Cleveland Township �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Chapter 5. Economy and Housing The following section describes several key datasets related to the economy in Cleveland Township. In most cases, data is not available at the Township level and is presented instead for Leelanau County. LABOR FORCE OVERVIEW Table 5.1 provides an overview of the population classified as employed, unemployed, and not in the labor force according to five-year estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey. This information was collected on a rolling basis from 2010 to 2014 and differs from the Bureau of Labor Statistics data used in the next section. The total labor force residing in Leelanau County and Cleveland Township was 10,470 and 486 respectively. Around 51% of Cleveland Township residents age 16 and older were employed in 2014, while around 45% (392 persons) were not in the labor force. Many of those not in the labor force are likely retired, while others may be currently attending school. Around 4% of Cleveland Township’s population was unemployed. Table 5.1 Labor Force Overview Employed Cleveland Township Leelanau County Unemployed Not in Labor Force # %* # %* # %* 450 9,630 51.3 52.3 36 840 4.1 4.6 392 7,946 44.6 43.1 * Percentage of the total working age population ages 16 and over Source: American Community Survey (2010-2014) Unemployment Table 5.2 shows the annual unemployment rate in Leelanau County and the State of Michigan from 2009 to 2015. Leelanau County’s unemployment rate was below Michigan overall for each year. One likely reason is that industries the county relies on, such as tourism and agriculture, were less impacted by the national economic recession in 20082010 than industries elsewhere in the state (such as heavy manufacturing).1 Unemployment rates have dropped steadily since 2010 in both the state and Leelanau County. 1 http://www.networksnorthwest.org/userfiles/filemanager/4221/ Chapter 5 ••• 45 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Table 5.2 Unemployment Rate Leelanau County State of Michigan 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 9.3 13.7 10.4 12.6 9.2 10.4 8.0 9.1 7.3 8.8 6.7 7.3 5.0 5.4 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Annual Averages (2009-2015) EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY Residents of Leelanau County work in a variety of industries as shown in Table 5.3. Notably, over one-quarter (26%) of Leelanau County’s labor force works in the education, healthcare, and social services industries. An additional 10.7% of the labor force works in the retail trade industry. A relatively smaller proportion of Cleveland Township residents work in these industries, while a greater percentage of Township residents work in industries such as Market 22 is one of few commercial establishments in Cleveland Township. manufacturing and professional, scientific and technical services. Table 5.3 Labor Force by Industry, 2014 Cleveland Township Leelanau County # Employees % of labor force # Employees % of labor force Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, mining 25 5.6 548 5.7 Construction 40 8.9 825 8.6 Manufacturing 47 10.4 742 7.7 Wholesale trade 0 0.0 156 1.6 Retail trade 39 8.7 1,031 10.7 Transportation, warehousing, utilities 8 1.8 242 2.5 Information 11 2.4 145 1.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate 26 5.8 416 4.3 Professional, scientific, and technical services 65 14.4 784 8.1 Education, healthcare, social services 104 23.1 2,507 26.0 Arts, entertainment, recreation, food services 56 12.4 1,123 11.7 Other services except public administration 17 3.8 585 6.1 Public administration 12 2.7 526 5.5 Total 450 100.0 9,630 100.0 Source: American Community Survey (2010-2014) Chapter 5 ••• 46 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN AGRICULTURE TRENDS Table 5.4 contains information on Leelanau County’s agricultural lands, according to the U.S. Census of Agriculture. Between 2007 and 2012, Leelanau County gained an additional 45 farms, and the acres of land in farms increased by 6.7%. The acreage of the average farm increased by just 3.3%, suggesting that newer farms tend to be smaller in size than existing farms in There are a number of active farms within Cleveland Township. Leelanau County. Table 5.4 also shows the acreage of farm land devoted to the county’s top crops. Cropland devoted to tart cherries, forage, corn, and apples all decreased between 2007 and 2012, while sweet cherries increased by about 3%. This suggests that farmers may be diversifying farmland with other crops. A 2015 regional jobs report by Networks Northwest found that many farmers are adding hop plants to their farms, contributing to the growing local craft beer industry in northwest Lower Michigan.2 Table 5.4 Agriculture in Leelanau County, 2007 to 2012 Number of Farms Acres of Land in Farms Acreage of Average Farm Tart Cherries Forage (Hay, Grass Silage, etc.) Sweet Cherries Corn Apples 2007 2012 % Change 449 55,751 120 Acreage of Top Crops 9,514 5,947 4,304 2,725 1,503 494 59,481.0 124.0 10.0 6.7 3.3 9,344 5,715 4,421 2,434 1,314 -1.8 -3.9 2.7 -10.7 -12.6 Source: Census of Agriculture, Geographic Area Series for Leelanau County (2007, 2012) PLACE OF WORK Of the workforce residing in Leelanau County, only one-third (32.5%) worked in Leelanau County in 2014. The other two-thirds of the county’s working residents worked outside of Leelanau County. A summary of the top employment destinations, both in and outside of 2 Networks Northwest Hot Jobs Report, 2015. http://www.networksnorthwest.org/userfiles/filemanager/4093/ Chapter 5 ••• 47 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN the county, for Leelanau County’s workforce is shown in Table 5.5. Notably, nearly 40% of the county’s workforce works in Traverse City. One implication of this information is that the county’s transportation network is a key asset for economic development and residential stability. Easy access to employment centers such as Traverse City, Leland, Suttons Bay and Northport is surely a priority for many working residents in the county. In addition, public transportation that connects residential areas to employment centers may be a viable way to reduce wear and tear from individual cars on roads, reduce traffic congestion, and improve overall air quality. Chapter 6 contains goals and action steps related to transportation. A second implication of this information is that Maintaining high-quality roads is an important economic development tool for rural townships. broadband and high-speed internet accessibility can be an important tool for economic growth in the Township. Remote access to work, healthcare, and other services can strengthen quality of life in rural areas Table 5.5 Top Employment Destinations for Leelanau County Labor Force, 2014 Traverse City Leland Suttons Bay Northport Glen Arbor Lake Leelanau # Employees % of labor force 2,111 248 248 199 156 145 39.8 4.7 4.7 3.8 2.9 2.7 Source: U.S. Census OnTheMap Tool (2014) Chapter 5 ••• 48 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN BROADBAND ACCESSIBILITY Access to broadband internet is another key economic asset. A number of studies have shown that broadband accessibility is correlated with new economic growth, including better access to and lower costs for healthcare, increased opportunity for telecommuting, and the ability for existing businesses to expand capacity and services.3 In addition to providing educational and entertainment benefits for residents, broadband internet can enable telecommuting, a priority frequently cited by those looking to purchase summer homes. Broadband accessibility is limited throughout Cleveland Township. Currently, some areas of the Township have access to wireless and mobile services, but coverage is limited and often expensive. Internet access over phone lines, such as DSL services, offer only limited bandwidth and can be very expensive. The number of residents that have chosen to adopt the services that are available is unknown, although survey respondents for this Master Plan overwhelmingly noted high-speed internet as low Cleveland Township is already zoning to allow communication infrastructure, such as towers. Height restrictions, careful placement, and other restrictions are in place to protect the Township's rural character while accommodating these services. Photo taken by LIAA. quality in the Township (see Appendix B). Cleveland Township’s current franchise agreement with Charter Communications, a primary provider of internet services in the Township, expires in 2022. In 2016, the Leelanau Peninsula Economic Foundation’s Technology Committee began the process of creating a Broadband Action Plan for Leelanau County. A Broadband Action Plan is a useful way to understand current gaps in service and identify cost-effective ways for a community to attract providers. There are a number of strategies Cleveland Township has identified to encourage investment in broadband, which are included in Chapter 6. 3 Broadband.gov contains a number of links to studies and information on the benefits of Broadband. Chapter 5 ••• 49 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN HOUSING Understanding the types and numbers of households, the choices households make to own or rent, and the value and affordability of homes are all important elements of a master planning process. The following section describes several key datasets related to housing in Cleveland Township. Household Size Table 5.6 shows the average household size in Cleveland Township, Leelanau County, and the State of Michigan overall in 2000 and 2014. In both years, Cleveland Township’s average household was slightly smaller than Leelanau County and the State of Michigan overall. Between 2000 and 2014, household sizes decreased overall in the State of Michigan, consistent with national trends. Nationally, a shrinking household size is attributed to married couples having fewer children and more people living alone.4 Table 5.6 Average Household Size Cleveland Township Leelanau County State of Michigan 2000 2014 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (2010-2014) Household Tenure Table 5.7 shows the number and percentage of housing units in the Township, County, and State of Michigan overall that are rented or owned by their occupants. Table 5.7 does not count housing units that are rented seasonally. Seasonal homes are discussed later in this chapter. Table 5.7 shows that a higher proportion of the Township’s residents own their home than in Leelanau County and Michigan overall. Statewide, 28.5% of all housing units are rented, while just 12.1%, or 56, of Cleveland Township’s units were considered rented in the 20102014 American Community Survey. 4 http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-families-idUSBRE97Q0TJ20130827 Chapter 5 ••• 50 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Table 5.7 Housing Units by Tenure Owner % of all housing units 87.9 85.4 71.5 # Cleveland Twp. Leelanau County State of Michigan 408 7,805 2,738,012 Renter # 56 1,331 1,089,868 % of all housing units 12.1 14.6 28.5 Source: American Community Survey (2010-2014) Length of Time Lived in Home Cleveland Township’s population is relatively stable, and many residents have occupied the same housing unit for many years. Table 5.8 shows the number and percentage of the Township’s householders that moved into their current housing unit during each decade since the 1970s. In general, nearly 60% of the Township’s householders moved into their homes between 1990 and 2009. About 17% of the Township’s households are new in the last six years. Table 5.8 Year Householder Moved Into Unit # of householders % of householders 2010 or Later 2000 to 2009 1990 to 1999 1980 to 1989 1970 to 1979 1969 or earlier 79 136 133 53 51 12 17 29 29 11 11 3 Source: American Community Survey (2010-2014) Housing Growth Cleveland Township records the number of permits issued for rehabilitation and construction of housing and commercial units, as well as the total cost of each project. Though an issued permit may not mean the project was completed, building permit records measure much of the investment made in residential properties. Total building permits issued for new construction from 2014 through June 2016 are summarized in Table 5.9. Chapter 5 Cleveland Township has experienced housing growth in the past several years, similar to Leelanau County trends. ••• 51 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Between January and June of 2016, five new building permits were issued for single-family homes, an increase over the entirety of 2015. Table 5.9 Building Permits Issued, 2014-June 2016 # of single family Total estimated cost homes of construction ($) 2014 2015 January-June 2016 7 4 5 2,819,000 970,000 1,730,000 Source: Cleveland Township Zoning Administrator If Cleveland Township gains population directly proportionate to Leelanau County’s expected growth, the Township may expect to gain 165 new residents between 2015 and 2030 (as discussed in Chapter 4). In 2014, owner-occupied homes in the Township housed on average 2.22 people. If the 165 expected new residents of the Township also occupy one unit for every 2.22 people, the Township might expect 75 new housing units between 2015 and 2030. This increase is important for Township officials to keep in mind, as demands for infrastructure and other services are likely to increase. Home Value The value of homes in Cleveland Township continues to rise. Table 5.10 shows that the median value of owner-occupied homes in Cleveland Township grew by nearly 49% between 2000 and 2014, while Leelanau County values grew slightly less at 45%. The values of owner-occupied housing in the Township and Leelanau County increased significantly more than the state overall, with the median value of owner-occupied homes in 2014 exceeding $250,000 in Cleveland Township. Table 5.10 Median Value of Owner-Occupied Homes 2000 2014 % Increase 169,100 251,200 48.6 Cleveland Township 164,900 239,100 45.0 Leelanau County 110,300 120,200 9.0 State of Michigan Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2000), American Community Survey (20102014) Taxable value in the Township has also increased. Table 5.11 shows that while values dropped between 2009 and 2010 (likely due to the national recession), taxable value had fully rebounded by 2013 and has continued to grow through 2016. Chapter 5 ••• 52 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Table 5.11 Taxable Value in Cleveland Township ($), 2009-2016 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 103,692,438 100,333,509 101,954,734 102,696,700 104,341,196 2014 102,285,215 2015 104,077,013 2016 104,789,576 Source: Leelanau County Equalization Department The Leelanau County Equalization Department also maintains records on the assessed value of parcels within the Township. Map 5.1 shows the parcels in Cleveland Township according to their assessed values. Table 5.12 shows the number of parcels that fall within six assessed-value ranges, including taxexempted land. In general, the Township has a wide range of assessed values. Higher assessed values are There are a number of unique places to live in Cleveland Township, including the condo development near Sugar Loaf Resort. clustered near Little Traverse Lake and Lime Lake, while many of the large agricultural parcels in the southern portion of the Township have relatively high assessed values as well. A majority of the Township’s parcels had an assessed value of between $1 and $141,000 in 2015. Table 5.12 Assessed Values in Cleveland Township, 2015 # of % of total Assessed Value ($) parcels parcels 93 6.4 0 (Tax Exempt) 592 40.7 1-60,000 413 28.4 60,001-141,000 229 15.7 141,001-243,000 109 7.5 243,001-411,000 20 13.7 411,000-825,000 1,456 100% Total Source: Leelanau County Equalization Department Chapter 5 ••• 53 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township 5.1 - Current Assessed Value Good Harbor Bay = N A 0 Lime Lake 0.5 Miles CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP CJ $0 - $1 - $60,000 - - Township Boundary - $60,001 - $141,000 - Highways D $141,001 - $243,000 - Roads - $243,001 - $411,000 - $411 ,001 - 985,100 Chapter 5 Lakes - Streams Data Sources: Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 ••• 54 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Home Affordability Using the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s definition, a housing unit is affordable when a household spends no more than 30% of its income on housing costs. For homeowners, this generally means that homeowners should pay no more than 2.5 times their annual income on a home. In Cleveland Township, the median household income in 2014 was $52,632, and the median value of an owner-occupied home was $251,200. This suggests that a household making the median income cannot afford a home at median value, according to this national standard. It is likely that many Township residents have retired with lower incomes than they had when they purchased their home. Additionally, given the rise in home values, it is possible that many existing homeowners who purchased homes in the 1990s and 2000s would be unable to do so today. The Township works to provide relief to households that may be struggling financially due to rising home values. Tax relief is available to Township residents living in poverty, a condition that may increase as more residents enter retirement. Regional Affordability Challenges A high home value is certainly an asset for many residents in the Township. However, several regional studies conclude that high home values are prohibitive to prospective residents. Leelanau County has the highest average home values in northwest Lower Michigan and is experiencing the region’s greatest affordability challenges.5 According to the Leelanau County Housing Inventory, 3,100 households in the County make less than $50,000 each year, yet only about 1,035 of the County’s owner-occupied homes are considered affordable to those households.6 Housing affordability is important for both owners and renters, as spending too much on housing restricts income left for childcare, food, healthcare, and other necessities. Housing affordability is also important for the regional economy, and shortages of affordable rental and owner-occupied homes have far-reaching implications. For example, northwest Lower Michigan’s recreation and tourism economy depends on lower-paying jobs in restaurants, resorts and shops. Further, an aging population depends on affordable services like inhome cleaning services or healthcare. 5 Networks Northwest, A Framework for Housing Choices in Northwest Michigan, 2014. http://www.networksnorthwest.org/userfiles/filemanager/3189/ 6 Networks Northwest, Leelanau County Housing Inventory, 2013. http://www.nwm.org/userfiles/filemanager/2707/ Chapter 5 ••• 55 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township is taking steps to reduce barriers for lower-income households while still maintaining its rural character. A number of strategies to address affordability issues at the local level were reviewed by Township officials and Township residents during this Master Planning process. Several recommendations are included in Chapter 6. Seasonal Homes The U.S. Census counts the number of housing units that are used during certain seasons, for weekends, or other occasional uses throughout the year. The Census does not, however, count the number of residents that spend part of the year in Cleveland Township and part of the year elsewhere. Seasonal units include those used for summer or winter sports or Lakefront living around Little Traverse Lake and Lime Lake is appealing to many looking to purchase a summer home or cottage. recreation, such as beach cottages and hunting cabins. Seasonal units also may include housing for seasonal workers. Interval ownership units, sometimes called shared-ownership or time-sharing condominiums, also are included in this category. Table 5.13 shows the number of seasonal units in Cleveland Township, Leelanau County, and the State of Michigan overall from 2000 to 2010. In general, this Plan utilizes the most recent available data, typically 2010-2014 American Community Survey five-year estimates. However, data on seasonal homes is not comparable between the 2000 U.S. Decennial Census and the 2010-2014 American Community Survey five-year estimates due to changes in methodology. Therefore, Table 5.13 uses data from 2000 compared to the U.S. Decennial Census taken in 2010. The information in Table 5.13 shows that the number of seasonal homes in Cleveland Township increased by nearly 100 units between 2000 and 2010. In 2010, nearly 37% of the Chapter 5 ••• 56 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Township’s housing units were used seasonally. This represents a greater proportion than either Leelanau County (31.3%) or the State of Michigan (5.8%). Table 5.13 Seasonal Homes, 2000-2010 2000 # % Cleveland Township Leelanau County State of Michigan 241 4,111 233,922 31.0 30.9 5.5 2010 # % 337 4,681 36.4 31.3 263,071 5.8 2000-2010 # % 96 570 29,149 39.8 13.9 12.5 Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010 The increase in the number of homes used seasonally may be attributed in part to new development. Additionally, it may be that some residents that once were permanent residents are now retiring to warmer areas in winter months. However, this contradicts anecdotal reports that many residents who once lived part-time in Cleveland Township have now become full-time residents. Homestead tax exemptions are another way to understand the number of seasonal properties. The homestead tax exemption is offered to residents with a primary residence in Michigan. Parcels that do not receive the homestead tax exemption are “non-homestead” parcels. Non-homestead residential parcels are a general indication that the parcel is used seasonally, although there may be exceptions. Properties can receive a partial Though summer is more popular for seasonal residents in Cleveland Township, winter is also beautiful and serene. exemption based on the percentage of the property that is used as a primary residence. Table 5.14 shows the number of residential parcels in Cleveland Township that were classified as homestead (at least 50% of the property) and non-homestead in 2015. In total, about 60% of parcels receive homestead exemptions, while 40% are likely used seasonally. The homestead and non-homestead properties are shown on Map 5.2. Table 5.14 Homestead and Non-Homestead Parcels in Cleveland Township, 2015 2015 # of parcels % of total parcels Homestead Non-Homestead 878 578 60.3 39.7 Source: Leelanau County Equalization Department Chapter 5 ••• 57 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township ch 5.2 - Homestead/Non-Homestead Good Harbor Bay N A 0 Lime Lake 0.5 Miles D No Homestead Exemptions - Homestead Exemptions D National Lakeshore Chapter 5 - - Township Boundary - - Highways Lakes - - Streams Data Sources : Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 - - Roads ••• 58 Economy and Housing �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Chapter 6. Goals, Objectives, and Action Steps The primary function of the 2017 Cleveland Township Master Plan is to guide future development and growth within the Township. The Master Plan identifies a vision for the future and a series of goals, objectives, and action steps to guide decision making. Goals identify the desired end result or target to be reached, while objectives identify the significant accomplishments required to reach each goal. Action steps list the activities that are needed to achieve each identified objective. The goals, objectives, and action steps in this chapter of the Master Plan provide guidance for the future planning of the Township, and are based on the input gathered during the master planning process. While Cleveland Township may need to initiate most of the action steps, many require the support and cooperation of a broad range of additional This chapter lists the goals, objectives, and action steps to achieve the community's vision for the future of Cleveland Township. participants. These other participants may include private land owners, neighboring jurisdictions, and county or state agencies. When appropriate, implementation measures may include new or amended ordinances, policies or operational procedures. Typically, these measures are within the scope of the Township’s authority, while others may require support and cooperation. Some may be undertaken with little cost or effort, while others may imply sizable investment. The table at the end of this chapter attempts to summarize the possible partnerships and top priorities needed to implement each action step. It is important to note that just because an organization is listed as a possible partner, it does not necessarily mean the organization has committed to take on the responsibility associated with each task. The following pages list the goals, objectives, and action steps by topic area. Chapter 6 ••• 59 Goals, Objectives, and Action Steps �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN HOUSING Goal: A mixture of housing opportunities in the Township to serve residents while maintaining a high quality of life for existing and future residents. Objective 1: Increase the housing supply appropriate for younger families and those that may require more affordable options. • Action Step 1: Amend the Cleveland Township Zoning Ordinance to provide additional housing growth in specific areas in the Township. Areas such as the former Sugar Loaf Resort area and the southern portion of the Township near CR-667 could support additional homes. • Action Step 2: Support regional efforts to supply affordable housing in the villages of Leelanau County. • Action Step 3: Lower the minimum square footage of residential units in the Township to allow for micro-housing, or “tiny homes.” • Action Step 4: Continue to support and market the Township’s property tax assistance program for low-income households. • Action Step 5: Research the potential impacts of allowing Accessory Dwelling Units to be constructed in certain residential districts, such as R-1, with regulations that would ensure units be used as long-term rentals. Objective 2: Accommodate the changing housing and financial needs of aging residents to maintain quality of life. • Action Step 1: Research the potential impacts of zoning ordinances and other Township policies and make necessary changes to encourage and support additional senior residential development, such as assisted living facilities and retirement communities. • Action Step 2: Research offering Elderly Homestead Exemptions to create additional property tax relief for low-income senior homeowners. This could exempt all, or a portion, of the assessed value of a senior’s property from school, state, or county taxes. • Action Step 3: Research accessibility standards that could be included in new construction. Zero-step entrances and extra safety features are two examples of age-friendly housing. Objective 3: Maintain high standards for residential development to protect and preserve rural character and quality of life. • Action Step 1: Research appropriate opportunities and create a Township noise, public safety, and/or nuisance regulation. • Action Step 2: Identify opportunities to strengthen blight regulations and code enforcement. Objective 4: Balance support and encouragement of short-term rentals with the need to retain overall affordability and rural character. • Action Step 1: Research and consider opportunities to regulate short-term rental properties (e.g., choose to require permits, limit the number of permits available). Chapter 6 ••• 60 Goals, Objectives, and Action Steps �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN • Action Step 2: Continue to support the creation of additional resort and lodging accommodations in appropriate zoning districts, such as the Commercial Resort and Recreational zoning districts. AGRICULTURE Goal: Protected agricultural lands and an enhanced rural character in Cleveland Township. Objective 1: Support agricultural operations and lands in the Township. • Action Step 1: Research the requirements farmers must meet to qualify for aid and/or programs that strive to preserve farmland, and work to ensure Township regulations would not prevent a person from qualifying. • Action Step 2: Continue to allow agricultural lands to benefit from tourism and reduce barriers to additional opportunities as appropriate, provided they do not adversely affect neighbors or the serene rural nature of the area. • Action Step 3: Support the continued success of agricultural operations in the Township through local policies and regulations. • Action Step 4: Retain agricultural lands in the Township by retaining a strong commitment to the areas currently zoned for agricultural use. ENVIRONMENT Goal: Protected natural features that make Cleveland Township a special place to live. Objective 1: Contribute to overall watershed health and the health of the Great Lakes through Township-wide policies. • Action Step 1: Adopt and enforce a time-of-transfer inspection ordinance that requires a septic system to be inspected for leakage and damage before a home can be sold with notice to the County Health Department. • Action Step 2: Work to adopt appropriate recommendations from the Good Harbor Bay Watershed Management Plan with support from lake associations and other organizations. Objective 2: Adopt water quality standards and regulations specific to waterfront properties. • Action Step 1: Research the following and other best management practices to determine appropriate standards and regulations: • Increase the setback from the water’s edge to 100 feet, especially in areas with steep slopes. • Require a formal Site Plan Review for any waterfront development. • Amend the Site Plan Review process to be outcome-based, requiring that new developments increase or maintain existing vegetation, do not increase erosion risk, and maintain rainwater retention. Chapter 6 ••• 61 Goals, Objectives, and Action Steps �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN • Develop frontage-based minimums or other lot division standards to prohibit future sharedfrontage developments or “funnel” developments, where more than one household shares access to a body of water. • Require proof of a greenbelt near the water’s edge during the Site Plan Review process. • Require and enforce landscaping regulations when property owners seek to significantly alter vegetation near the water’s edge. • Establish a maximum impervious surface lot coverage requirement for waterfront properties. • Limit the number and use of docks on waterfront parcels. • Establish boat-washing stations on Lime and Little Traverse lakes. • Ban the use of harmful fertilizers and pesticides near water bodies. Objective 3: Educate residents about water quality trends and proactive measures private property owners can take to reduce water quality concerns. • Action Step 1: Support the creation of educational materials for shoreline property owners, agricultural property owners, and large land owners in the Township on topics like water quality, invasive species, landscaping, and woody debris. • Action Step 2: Host educational events with the Township’s lake associations and regional environmental groups to train area landscapers and homeowners about additional landscaping and greenbelt requirements. • Action Step 3: Disseminate data on water quality in the Township through the Township website, at the annual meeting, and in other venues as appropriate. Objective 4: Continue to protect the dark skies in the Township to preserve the health of plants and animals and for the general enjoyment of the night sky. • Action Step 1: Continue to limit light pollution and identify ways to strengthen the Township’s Outdoor Lighting Ordinance. • Action Step 2: Increase awareness and enforcement of the Township’s Outdoor Lighting Ordinance. • Action Step 3: Support the efforts of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore to become a Dark Sky Park. Objective 5: Protect and enhance the many benefits that wetlands provide to people, infrastructure, and the environment. • Action Step 1: Adopt a local wetlands ordinance to give Cleveland Township the ability to regulate development near small wetlands that MDEQ does not oversee. • Action Step 2: Work with research groups, conservancies, and lake associations to identify ongoing threats to existing wetlands and opportunities to restore wetlands. Chapter 6 ••• 62 Goals, Objectives, and Action Steps �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Objective 6: Protect the natural environment from the negative impacts of human actions, including air quality, shoreline activities, soil erosion, vibration, and other negative impacts. • Action Step 1: Assure that the regulations and policies of associated agencies are upheld in the Township, including those of the Department of Environmental Quality, Soil Erosion Control, the County Health Department, and the County Building Department. • Action Step 2: Limit the visual pollution of billboards, dumping, and non-maintained properties in the Township through code enforcement. • Action Step 3: Expand the Township’s noise ordinances to include additional manmade noises beyond fireworks (see Housing objectives for more on noise regulation). • Action Step 4: Evaluate the size and capacity of culverts in the Township to determine areas where culverts may be impeding fish migration or damaging habitat. • Action Step 5: Encourage developers to designate open spaces linked to existing natural areas to prevent habitat fragmentation and preserve species migration. Objective 7: Review opportunities to protect the Township’s many scenic views from the negative impacts of development. • Action Step 1: Review opportunities to further restrict the ability of a landowner to clear-cut a lot designated for residential development. • Action Step 2: Identify barren ridges and other important viewsheds in the Township and provide guidelines or adopt ordinances to ensure development has a minimal impact on these areas. • Action Step 3: Craft open space requirements that balance goals of protecting significant resource lands and viewsheds, with a goal of providing balanced growth with no net loss of tax base. Objective 8: Work to protect water quality, the environment, and development from the damaging effects of flooding in residential areas. • Action Step 1: Continue to work collaboratively to address existing flooding concerns around Little Traverse Lake. • Action Step 2: Review opportunities to require homes near bodies of water or in flood-prone areas be built according to standards that would reduce flooding damages. • Action Step 3: Work with FEMA to obtain revised floodplain maps as available, and continue to ensure that Site Plan Review is conducted for development within the floodplain. LOCAL ECONOMY Goal: Reasonable economic opportunity and return for Township residents. Objective 1: Support the ability of property owners to use land for reasonable economic benefit. • Action Step 1: Continue to support new and existing home businesses that meet the standards for use. Chapter 6 ••• 63 Goals, Objectives, and Action Steps �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN • Action Step 2: Continue to support and encourage sustainable forestry. Objective 2: Protect opportunities for economic development within the Township, including opportunities for employment and access to resources. • Action Step 1: Support the redevelopment of Sugar Loaf by a private or public entity that supports the local economy and ideally provides access and recreational opportunities to the public. • Action Step 2: Balance support of economic development with the fiscal health of the Township government and its ability to provide appropriate levels of services. • Action Step 3: Permit commercial services at a scale, character, and location that will not take away from the residential quality and character of the area. BROADBAND Goal: Better high-speed internet services in the Township. Objective 1: Pursue opportunities to ensure Township residents have greater access to high-speed internet and cable services. • Action Step 1: Partner with Leelanau County, the Leelanau Peninsula Economic Foundation’s Technology Committee, and other groups as necessary to better understand gaps in the Township’s existing coverage and increase access to better services. • Action Step 2: Send a representative of Cleveland Township to the Leelanau Peninsula Economic Foundation’s Technology Committee as it seeks to create a Broadband Action Plan for the region. • Action Step 3: Educate community leaders and the public on the economic, social, and educational benefits of high-speed internet. • Action Step 4: Designate a portion of Township funds to address inadequate broadband through capital investments, cooperative cost-sharing models, and other funding mechanisms. PUBLIC SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE Goal: High-quality services and infrastructure for Township residents. Objective 1: Enter into multi-jurisdictional planning and service arrangements wherever appropriate to lower costs and improve efficiency. • Action Step 1: Continue to support the Cedar Area Fire and Rescue Department and support additional capital improvements in the future. Objective 2: Look for opportunities to improve the safety, reliability, and accessibility of transportation in the Township. • Action Step 1: Look for opportunities to include bike shoulders and bike lanes in the community through grant funding and partnerships with the Leelanau County Road Commission and the Michigan Department of Transportation. Chapter 6 ••• 64 Goals, Objectives, and Action Steps �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN • Action Step 2: Advocate for increased fixed-route access to public transit from the Bay Area Transportation Authority. • Action Step 3: Work with the Township board and elected leaders to budget future Township expenditures through a Capital Improvement Plan. Objective 3: Continue to provide access to high-quality recreational amenities within and near the Township. • Action Step 1: Explore opportunities to upgrade the Township Park to include an improved dock or other amenities. • Action Step 2: Continue to work with the National Park Service to maintain access points to Lake Michigan and the National Lakeshore. • Action Step 3: Support the expansion of Many of the action steps in this plan relate to the preservation of recreational opportunities for Township the Township's rural character and quality of life. residents as appropriate and as desired by the 2016 planning survey and other public input. • Action Step 4: Support the development of a Recreation Master Plan for Cleveland Township that identifies grant opportunities to upgrade recreational facilities as appropriate. Chapter 6 ••• 65 Goals, Objectives, and Action Steps �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Chapter 7. Future Land Use and Zoning Plans This chapter includes two components legally required to be in local Master Plans in Michigan: a Future Land Use Plan and a Zoning Plan. Each of these serve to help the Cleveland Township Planning Commission integrate the goals, objectives, and actions identified in Chapter 6 into local policies and ordinances. The Future Land Use Plan depicts the preferred, general composition of land uses and seeks to answer the question, “How should land be used in the future?” The Zoning Plan is designed to identify amendments to the Cleveland Township Zoning Ordinance recommended by this Master Plan. FUTURE LAND USE PLAN Developing a Future Land Use Plan is an important component of any master planning effort, as the Future Land Use Plan depicts the general preferred organization of land uses in the community. The Future Land Use Plan is the framework upon which land use and policy decisions should be based. This Future Land Use Plan was developed with careful consideration of several factors, including local and regional land uses, demographic trends, the location of environmental features, desired community character, public input during the planning process, availability of utilities and road infrastructure, and existing land uses. The Future Land Use Plan guides the development of the Zoning Plan (also in this chapter) and ultimately influences changes that may be made to the zoning ordinance. By Michigan law, the Master Plan must be reviewed every five years. There are two key elements to a Future Land Use Plan: the Future Land Use Map (Map 7.1), which designates specific land uses that are to occur on certain parcels or areas of the Township; and the Future Land Use Text, which defines the map’s classifications and summarizes the map’s overall purpose. Future Land Use Map Map 7.1 shows the locations of the Future Land Use districts described below. The Future Land Use Plan and Map are not intended to identify land use on a parcel-by-parcel basis, but rather to identify broad districts that may evolve within the Township. All rezoning requests must be considered on a case-by-case basis and in accordance with the rezoning process. Chapter 7 ••• 66 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Cleveland Township 7 .1 - Future Land Use Good Harbor Bay N A 0 0.5 Miles 0 ~ ) ,j) n Id c:: l .~ E Q),-t---- Ryant ~ ---./ - .c 0 al 'u Shimek - Agricultura l Preservation - Business Preservation Forest Conservation - g:,;:c] Wetlands Low Density Residential - Medium Density Residential - Business Development - -Commercial Resort -Recreational Resort - National Lakeshore Chapter 7 Township Boundary Highways Roads Lakes - - Streams ••• 67 Data Sou rces: Leelanau County GIS Michigan Ctr for Geo. Info. Map produced 4/2017 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Future Land Use Text This Future Land Use Plan bases many of its policies on the Future Land Use Plan from the 2009 Cleveland Township Master Plan. In general, the Township will continue to develop as a place with peaceful residential areas, pristine natural features, and limited commercial and industrial development. One goal of this Master Plan is to balance the demand for additional residential housing with the desire to protect rural, agricultural, and environmentally-sensitive land from untimely or inappropriate residential development. In support of such a goal, this Future Land Use Plan reflects a two-pronged strategy: • • Encourage residential development in areas near existing residential uses, or near existing infrastructure including roads and utility lines. Prevent significant residential development from occurring in areas designated for agriculture, forestry, or conservation. Agricultural Preservation Area The Agricultural Preservation Area is designed to protect the areas of the Township currently being farmed or used for agricultural purposes, or with prime soils for agricultural use. There are three sections of Agricultural Preservation Areas noted on Map 7.1. These blocks are contiguous to allow for cohesive agricultural operations as well as buffers from residential areas. Lands within the Agricultural Preservation Area should be prioritized for preservation and should, to the extent possible, be protected from development detrimental to farming. The Agricultural Preservation Area may include some forested blocks of land, but these areas are generally surrounded by active farmland or are woodlots associated with active farms. Similarly, some small parcels may be used for agriculture outside the Agricultural Preservation Area in areas predominantly used for forestry or residences. The boundaries of the Agricultural The Agricultural Preservation Area includes forest harvesting and sawmills. Preservation Area have not changed from the Future Land Use Plan in the 2009 Cleveland Township Master Plan. The lands in this area were determined to be the most valuable and Chapter 7 ••• 68 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN productive agricultural areas. This was determined using factors such as the presence of working farms, large ownership of 40 acres or more with at least 20 acres of agricultural use, and the presence of prime soils. The Agricultural Preservation Area includes areas of the Township currently being farmed, existing orchards, or areas with potential to be high-value farmland. Nurseries, sawmills, maple syrup production, and other facilities are permitted and encouraged in this area. The Agricultural Preservation Area comprises several large, continuous blocks of land to better allow buffers between agricultural and residential uses. Limited low-density residential uses are permitted in the Agricultural Preservation Area as outlined in the Cleveland Township Zoning Ordinance. Forest Conservation Area The Forest Conservation Area includes lands presently zoned for agricultural use, but may have soils or slopes not conducive to active agriculture. Some Forest Conservation Areas may serve as a transitional use between active agriculture and higher-density residential uses, while other areas may include wetlands and environmentally-sensitive lands not well suited for intensive development. Relatively small agricultural areas are located on suitable sites within the Forest Conservation Area, and these uses should be encouraged to continue and expand as appropriate. Generally, residential development within the Forest Conservation Area must adhere to a density of no greater than one unit per every 10 acres. In order to accommodate residential housing in this district, Ag-Residential lots may be created from parent parcels following certain guidelines identified in the Zoning Ordinance. Chapter 7 ••• 69 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Residential Areas Residential Future Land Use Areas are intended to provide for the development of homes. While limited residential uses are permitted in the Agricultural Preservation Area and the Forest Conservation Area, both residential Future Land Use Districts aim to protect the rural character of the Township by grouping single-family homes at low to medium densities. Map 7.1 shows that these districts Residential districts in the Township include Low and Medium Density Residential. are located primarily around and between Little Traverse Lake and Lime Lake. The growing demand for housing in the region and in the Township was raised as a concern throughout the planning process. In addition to identifying housing goals, objectives, and action steps in Chapter 6, the Cleveland Township Planning Commission reviewed the locations of the Residential Future Land Use Districts and made several changes from the 2009 Plan: • • • The Medium Density Residential Area now encompasses all properties touching Little Traverse Lake, except for the Township Park. The Medium Density Residential Area around County Road 667 near the southern portion of the Township has been expanded to include additional properties. A wetlands overlay district was added to the Future Land Use Map, in order to understand where residential development might be encouraged in balance with the desire to preserve the Township’s wetlands. Low Density Residential Area Map 7.1 shows that the Low Density Residential Area includes much of the land between Lime and Little Traverse Lakes, and just west and east of Lime Lake. Single-family residential uses are planned for this area at a maximum density of approximately one unit per three acres. These areas have significant environmental features including streams (Map 2.2) and wetlands (Map 2.4), and development in these areas may negatively impact water quality in Chapter 7 ••• 70 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN the Good Harbor Bay Watershed. The Low Density Residential Districts can form a buffer between Forest Conservation Areas and Medium Density Residential Districts. Medium Density Residential Area Map 7.1 shows that the Medium Density Residential Area is planned primarily for locations surrounding Little Traverse Lake and Lime Lake. Lakefront development is highly desirable in the Township, and when proper precautions are taken to protect water quality and the natural environment of the Township, this development is a strong asset in the community. Generally, development in this district is permitted where soils and separation from the water table can permit single-family homes with onsite water and septic systems. Supporting uses such as schools and parks are also encouraged within this district. Business Areas There are two types of Business Areas identified in this Future Land Use Plan: the Business Preservation Area and the Business Development Area. The goal of these districts is to provide reasonable space for limited commercial opportunities within the Township. Business Preservation Area Business Preservation Areas are The Little Traverse Inn is an example of a commercial use in Cleveland Township. located in three relatively small areas within the Township as shown on Map 7.1. The intent of this district is to preserve and retain the existing boundaries for small-scale businesses that provide services to Township residents. Significant expansions of existing or new businesses should not be accommodated within this district. Business Development Area There are three sizable Business Development Areas within the Township as shown on Map 7.1: near the intersection of Maple City Road and M-22; at the intersection of Maple City Road and Century Road; and at South Stachnik Road and East Sullivan Woods Road. The purpose of the Business Development Area is to provide for the reasonable expansion of Chapter 7 ••• 71 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN existing and new business uses. Zoning regulations limit business uses to those uses suitable to the Township and compatible with nearby residential areas, such as light manufacturing, office buildings, and small-scale retail uses. Commercial Resort Area Several small areas of Cleveland Township are designated as Commercial Resort Areas on the Future Land Use Map (Map 7.1). These uses are primarily clusters of cottages used for seasonal short-term rentals. Consideration should be given to removing parcels from the Commercial Resort Area that are primarily wetlands or otherwise unsuited to large-scale development. It is also important that Commercial Resort Areas are used in ways that honor neighboring homes and the residential character of adjoining districts. Recreational Resort Area The Recreational Resort Future Land Use District is planned for parts of the former Sugar Loaf Resort and some surrounding areas. The Sugar Loaf area was originally developed as a ski resort, golf course, and resort residential community of single-family and multifamily housing units. The closure of the resort and subsequent challenges in redeveloping the land have resulted in a continued loss of jobs, tax revenue, and recreational opportunities for the community. The Recreational Resort District is designed to accommodate the future redevelopment of Sugar Loaf in a manner consistent with the community’s vision for the land. As such, uses acceptable for this area include a wide range of residential development (including higher-density condominiums or apartments), resortrelated retail, conference centers, hotels, restaurants, banquet facilities, and business such as limited The Recreational Resort District includes much of Sugar Loaf Resort, including the hilltop. convenience stores that serve the resort area. Commercial uses in this district should serve recreational purposes. Active recreational uses, as well as public access to recreational amenities and scenic views, are desired elements of the redevelopment of the Recreational Resort Area. Chapter 7 ••• 72 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN National Lakeshore Area The boundaries of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Area extend across the northern part of the Township, including areas around Bass Lake and School Lake. The Township does not have control over uses within the Lakeshore boundary, but does contribute input on the long-range and management plans of the National Lakeshore Area. The recreational and scenic aesthetic of the National Lakeshore Area is valued by the Township’s residents, and the Township should continue to collaborate with the National Lakeshore to preserve the environmental habitat and recreational amenities the area provides. Wetlands Overlay Area Existing wetlands are included on the Future Land Use Map to support the Township’s goal of preserving wetlands wherever possible. One action step identified in Chapter 6 is to create and adopt a local wetlands ordinance that would allow the Township to regulate development near and within wetlands that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality does not currently oversee. Including wetlands on the Future Land Use Map represents a step toward developing this local ordinance in the future, as it provides a clear inventory of the likely location of wetlands in relation to other land uses in the Township. This data is general and is not meant to inform site-specific decisions. ZONING PLAN According to Section 2(d) of the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (Public Act 33 of 2008), a Master Plan must include a Zoning Plan that depicts the various zoning districts and their use, as well as standards for height, bulk, location, and use of buildings and premises. The Zoning Plan serves as the basis for the Zoning Ordinance and guides any changes made to the existing Zoning Ordinance as a result of a master planning process. Relationship to the Master Plan The Master Plan describes the Township’s vision, goals, and objectives for future land use and community development. As a key component of the Master Plan, the Zoning Plan is based on the recommendations of the Master Plan and is intended to identify areas where existing zoning is inconsistent with the objectives and strategies of the Master Plan. The Zoning Ordinance is the primary implementation tool for the future development of Cleveland Township. The Zoning Ordinance contains written regulations and standards that define how properties in specific geographic zones can be used and how they can look. The Chapter 7 ••• 73 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Zoning Plan is designed to guide the development of the Zoning Ordinance, based on the recommendations of the Master Plan. Current Zoning Districts The Michigan Planning Enabling Act requires the Zoning Plan to inventory the community’s existing zoning districts. The following section summarizes the existing zoning districts in Cleveland Township. Table 7.1 provides an overview of several key standards for new development in each zoning district. This section is meant to provide a general overview of the Township’s zoning districts and standards. In order to review zoning definitions, standards, and regulations in full detail, please see the Cleveland Township Zoning Ordinance. Residential Districts • • • Residential I – This district is intended to accommodate single-family homes. Residential II – This district is intended to accommodate single-family homes in addition to schools, churches, and hospitals. Residential III – In addition to the uses permitted in Residential I and II, this district accommodates dwellings built for multiple families such as townhomes and condominiums. Non-Residential Districts • • • • • • Commercial-Resort – This district is intended to accommodate uses such as inns, motels, mobile home parks, rental cabins, hospitals or nursing homes, and professional offices. Recreational – This district is intended to provide for orderly development of land compatible with the ski, golf, recreational, and residential facilities already present within the district. Uses permitted include single- and multi-family dwellings, motels, professional offices, private clubs, and outdoor recreational facilities. A Planned Unit Development option is available in the Recreational District to promote projects that provide recognizable and substantial benefits to users of the property and the community. Business I – In addition to accommodating the uses permitted in the Commercial-Resort District, the Business I district allows for a number of other uses such as retail stores, restaurants, hospitals, and institutions. Business II – This district accommodates light manufacturing facilities, warehouses and storage facilities, greenhouses, open-air markets, cable facilities, utilities, and lumber yards. Agricultural – The Agricultural District is designed to accommodate active farming activities in the Township as well as forestry, sawmills, maple syrup, plant nurseries, riding stables, mining, and parkland. Single-family homes are permitted in this district that follow the requirements for an Ag-Residential Lot. Government – This district is intended to accommodate picnic grounds, public lookouts, campgrounds, forest reserves, wildlife reserves, and public recreation areas that are under the control of Cleveland Township. Chapter 7 ••• 74 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Table 7.1 Zoning Districts Zoning District Residential I Residential II Residential II Commercial-Resort Recreational Business I Business II Agricultural Government Total Acres % of Total Land Minimum Lot Size (1,000 Sq Ft) Maximum Density (Units per Acre) Maximum Height (Ft)* Minimum Living Area (Sq Ft) Minimum Back Setback (Ft) Minimum Side Setback (Ft) Minimum Front Setback (Ft) Maximum Lot Coverage (% of Lot) Minimum Lot Width 1,245.8 6.4% 40 1.1 35 750 10 10 40 25 200 1,187.3 6.1% 30 1.5 35 750 10 10 40 25 150 18.9 0.1% 30 3.3 35 700 10 10 40 25 150 55.3 0.3% 15 8.7 35 15 10 40 25 748.6 3.8% 30 2.9 35 15 10 40 25 150 95.0 0.5% 30 35 15 10 40 50 100 78.9 0.4% 60 35 15 10 40 50 200 16,124.3 82.4% 30 35 10 10 40 25 150 12.0 0.1% 0.1 700 35 Blank = Not Applicable; *Maximum building height restrictions apply to properties designed for human occupancy. *Maximum building height restrictions apply to properties designed for human occupancy. Chapter 7 ••• 75 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Opportunities for Zoning Changes In order to remain consistent with the community’s vision for the future of Cleveland Township as identified in this Master Plan, a number of zoning ordinance amendments may be necessary. The Action Steps identified in Chapter 6 highlight several opportunities where the Township zoning ordinance could be amended to be more consistent with the goals and vision set forth in this Master Plan. Chapter 7 ••• 76 Future Land Use and Zoning Plans �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Appendix A. Public Meeting Summaries OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Many residents, landowners, and community leaders participated in the Cleveland Township Master Planning process. Residents were invited to participate through a number of communication tools including:  A project webpage, with background information, a comment form, and a newsletter signup  Announcements of public meetings on the Cleveland Township website  Printed announcements of public meetings in the Leelanau Enterprise  A community planning survey (see Appendix B), mailed to every address in the Township  Printed flyers posted at local establishments  A project e-newsletter The Master Planning process included four public meetings: a kickoff meeting on June 23, 2016, a visioning meeting on August 25, 2016, an environmental workshop on February 23, 2017 and a public open house in March 2017. In addition, the Cleveland Township Planning Commission discussed the Master Plan project at each of its regular public meetings from April 2016 through February 2017. PUBLIC KICKOFF – JUNE 23, 2016 The public kickoff meeting was an opportunity for the community to learn more about key issues and help to inform the Master Plan process. About 35 residents and community leaders gathered at the Township Hall to learn about issues ranging from water quality to broadband internet accessibility. Each speaker gave a short presentation and allowed for a question-and-answer period. Participants used interactive “clickers” to answer trivia and give opinions throughout the meeting. The agenda included:  Steve Strassburger Cleveland Township Planning Commission Chair Welcome  Katie Moss Sieb Land Information Access Association Introduction, What is a Master Plan?  Tom Ulrich National Park Service NPS Mission Statement and Overview of Current Activities  Sarah Lucas Networks Northwest Aging Trends in Leelanau County  Yarrow Brown Leelanau Conservancy The Good Harbor Bay Watershed Protection Plan, Leelanau Conservancy Projects Tom Stephenson Connect Michigan Broadband Accessibility in Leelanau County  Tim Stein Cleveland Township Supervisor Updates on the Township Appendix A ••• 77 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN VISIONING MEETING – AUGUST 25, 2016 The public visioning meeting was held on Thursday, August 25, 2016, at the Cleveland Township Hall. In total, 31 residents and interested parties attended the meeting. The purpose of the meeting was to capture the opinions of Township residents in hopes of creating a Master Plan that reflects the community’s vision for the future. The event was structured with the following agenda: - Welcome and Introduction - Steve Strassburger, Cleveland Township Planning Commission Chair - Explanation of the evening’s activities - Katie Sieb, LIAA - Self-guided station activities The bulk of the meeting consisted of six separate “stations,” each with a short activity focusing on one important element of the plan. Five of the six stations were facilitated by a planning commissioner, giving attendees an opportunity to interact with their community leaders. Additionally, posters were displayed to share the results of the community planning survey. The following summarizes each station’s activity and results. Sta on One: Asset Lis ng The asset listing station asked participants to write down one thing they love about Cleveland Township on a speech bubble board. The responses are included in this image which was created on Tagul.com. Sta on Two: Visioning Ques ons At this station, participants were asked to write their answers to two questions on flip charts. Below are the questions and the responses. Repeated comments are indicated by the number appearing next to an item. Appendix A ••• 78 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN In 20 years, how do you see Cleveland Township? - About the same or no change. (3) - Keep the Township quiet, with clean water and air. - Whatever happens to Sugar Loaf, keep the lights off! - Could Sugar Loaf become part of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Park? - Pedestrian road shoulders. - Clean water, protected ridgelines, and undeveloped open space. (2) - Multi-use housing and commerce at Sugar Loaf. (2) - Eco-Village in Maple City area near Co. Rd. 667 with housing, health care, food, eldercare, and childcare. (2) What would improve Cleveland Township? Housing-related responses - Reduced minimum square footage requirements to allow for tiny homes. (2) - Senior housing. (2) - Apartments to bring workers into the area. (2) Transportation-related responses - Infrastructure needs to accommodate increasing tourism and traffic. The National Park Service should share in the costs. - Improve M-22 road surface and shoulders. (7) - Bike shoulders and pedestrian shoulders. Environment-related responses - Clout on pressing environmental issues. - Work with the National Park Service to prevent development of farms in Port Oneida. No more asphalt parking lots. - A noise ordinance that is enforced. (3) - New culvert on Traverse Lake Road. - Improve the Township Park on Little Traverse Lake. (2) - Concern about water quality. - Capable planning and action with regard to climate-related challenges, supported by citizen involvement and objective communication. - Sustainable energy such as solar. Economic-related responses - Encourage year-round businesses. - Open Sugar Loaf to its original state. (2) - Make Sugar Loaf a four-season resort with skiing, hiking, public access, and quality housing. Responses pertaining to the Sleeping Bear Heritage Trail expansion - Finish the trail along Little Traverse Lake Road. (3) Appendix A ••• 79 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN - No bike trail on North Traverse Lake. - Stop the trail at Co. Rd. 669 to preserve wetlands, trees, and protected dunes. Sta on Three: Environment This station had two activities, a goal statement exercise and an open-ended question. Goal Statement Exercise Participants were asked to read the 2009 Master Plan’s goal statement for the environment and think about how they might change it to better reflect their opinion. Participants were invited to edit the goal statement by adding or crossing out language on the goal statement. The 2009 goal statement for the environment is: Protect important natural resources including ground water, wetlands, water bodies, native vegetation, wildlife, dunes, and shoreline through Township policies and requirements. Protect the Township’s dark skies and air quality and protect residents from noise pollution. In general, most participants did not want to make drastic changes to the goal statement, but may want to see greater emphasis on particular resources in the Master Plan. The following is a list of responses. Repeated comments are indicated by the number appearing next to an item. - No change. (4) - Emphasize dark skies. (3) - Emphasize air quality, and noise pollution. (2) - Add correct culvert inadequacy on Little Traverse Lake and support restoration of Shalda Creek to natural flow. - Delete “important” so statement reads, “Protect [all] natural resources…” - Add bolded words so statement reads, “Protect natural resources including…the diversity of native vegetation and wildlife…” - Emphasize native vegetation, wildlife, dunes, and shoreline. Open-Ended Question Also at the environment station, participants were invited to respond to an open-ended question: What environmental issues are you most concerned about in Cleveland Township? The following is a list of responses. Repeated comments are indicated by the number appearing next to an item. The Heritage Trail Expansion - Declining condition of the Township Park if the Heritage Trail goes down Little Traverse Lake Road. - Damage to the area of Traverse Lake Road if the Heritage Trail goes down Little Traverse Lake Road including sand hills, the tunnel of trees along the road, swampy areas, and the wealth of Lady Slipper Orchids along the road. - Completing the Heritage Trail in a cooperative way with the National Park Service. Appendix A ••• 80 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Inland Lakes - High lake levels may be having an impact on water quality, both through flooding and from septic systems that may now be compromised. - Protection of our wetlands and water. (2) - Write lake guardian best practices into the Master Plan, like Lake Charlevoix and Glen Lake. - [Create a] swimmer’s itch program. Invasive Species Removal - Invasive species on land and in lakes. (2) Growth and Development - Growth in the Township. - Township should remain rural, natural, quiet, and peaceful. (2) - The removal and clear-cutting of trees for residential homes. Other Concerns - Climate change and its impacts on stormwater, flooding, and washouts. - The increasing number of tourists visiting the National Park Service. - The declining condition of Sugar Loaf Mountain Resort. - A lake of “safe” shoulders on M-22, Co. Rd. 667, and Co. Rd. 669 for pedestrians and bicycles. - Fracking. - Air quality. Sta on Four: Housing At this station, participants looked at photos of a number of new housing developments and placed a green sticker on the type of housing that they most supported being built in Cleveland Township. Participants were reminded that local government in Michigan cannot exclude certain housing types, such as mobile homes, but can use zoning and other policies to encourage particular housing types. In general, participants most strongly support senior homes, senior neighborhood housing, and summer cottages being built in the Township in the future. Participants least support mobile homes, medium-density subdivisions, and duplexes. The list below ranks the most preferred housing types participants would like to see in the Township. The number of green stickers each housing type received is also included. - Senior Apartments (11) - Senior Neighborhood Housing (11) - Summer Cottages (10) - Low-Density Homes (7) - Apartments (6) - Mixed-Use Buildings (6) - Duplexes (3) Appendix A ••• 81 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN - Medium-Density Subdivisions (2) - Mobile Homes (1) - Housing of any type (1) Sta on Five: Economy At this station, participants were given 12 pennies and asked to distribute them as they wish among six cups placed on the table. Each cup represented an economic area where the Township could direct effort (not necessarily spending) that has an impact on the local economy. Participants could put all 12 pennies into one cup, or spread them around however they preferred. Listed below are the number of coins each cup received: - New resort facilities and vacation rentals (16) - The redevelopment of Sugar Loaf (99) - Continued support of agricultural operations (77) - Greater broadband internet speed and/or accessibility (66) - None, existing economic opportunities are adequate (0) - None, it is not the Township’s role to support economic development (0) Participants would most like to see the Township support the redevelopment of Sugar Loaf, followed by agricultural operations and greater speed and/or access to broadband internet. Sta on Six: Land Use At this station, participants were asked to identify areas where they would like to see land use change in the future. Participants were asked to place stickers on the map to represent four different uses:  Agricultural and Forestry – This category includes uses related to farming and forestry such as sawmills, maple syrup production, nurseries, and commercial riding stables. Single-family homes would be permitted in this district with certain restrictions.  Business – This category includes commercial, resort, and business uses such as retail shops, restaurants, light manufacturing, warehouses, and other similar uses.  Recreation – This category includes recreational facilities for skiing and golfing, with some residential uses permitted. This category may also include private clubs, motels or hotels, multiple-family dwellings, and office space.  Residential – There are three residential categories: o Residential 1 (R1) refers to single-family homes at a low density. In R1, homes must be situated on large lots that are at least 200 feet wide and exceed 40,000 square feet. o Residential 2 (R2) refers to single-family homes permitted at a relatively greater density than the R1 use. In this district, homes must be situated on lots that are at least 150 feet wide and exceed 30,000 square feet. This use might also include schools, churches, or health facilities. o Residential 3 (R3) includes all the provisions of R2 with the addition of multiple-family dwellings such as townhomes or apartments. In general, participants felt that the land should remain in its current use classification with the exception of the Sugar Loaf Resort Area and the southern part of the Township near Co. Rd. 667. Concern for housing young families and seasonal workers was commonly discussed throughout the activity. Appendix A ••• 82 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Sugar Loaf Resort Area A number of participants indicated that the Sugar Loaf area just west and east of Townhouse Road could support additional densities of homes. Stickers for both R1 and R3 were placed in this area. Others felt that this same area should be used as recreational lands. Southern Areas in Cleveland Township Several participants indicated that nearby Maple City, while outside of Cleveland Township’s borders, should grow to include higher densities of homes. Several stickers for R3 were placed on the map to indicate this. Others felt that the southern areas of the Township near Co. Rd. 667 could support R3 densities. ENVIRONMENTAL WORKSHOP- FEBRUARY 23, 2017 The Cleveland Township Planning Commission invited the public to attend an in-depth discussion about the Master Plan’s proposed environmental goals on Thursday, February 23, 2017. The meeting materials and facilitation were provided by the Land Information Access Association with grant assistance from Michigan’s Coastal Zone Management Program in order to enhance the Master Plan’s focus on resiliency and environmental sustainability. Local experts were also invited to share insight on proposed policies and join in the discussion. About 35 people participated in the meeting. While the meeting did not result in substantive changes to the Draft Master Plan, it did create buy-in for some of the environmental policies introduced in the Plan. The main takeaways from the public discussion include: - While the character and quality of the lake has remained largely desirable, it is important to guarantee the future conditions of Lime and Little Traverse Lakes through proactive zoning and programs. The vision for the future of the lakes include: o Swimmable, fishable waters o Healthy and clean/clear water o No flooding on nearby properties o Valuable homes along the lakeshore - Severe flooding near Little Traverse Lake’s outlet into Shalda Creek is caused by a number of factors such as undersized culverts, the presence of beavers, and road design. Improving the culvert is a less ideal solution than removing the road altogether and creating a bridge. While this would a significant capital project, it would likely alleviate flooding and allow the stream to return its natural course. - Education around inland lake water quality is a key need. Residents discussed the difficulties in reaching seasonal residents with information on ways to improve water quality. Possible ideas include a Township mailing, a voluntary signed compact for property owners to sign a pledge to protect the lake, and a lake guardian program similar to Glen Lake Association’s program. - Keyholing is a key challenge around a number of Michigan lakes, though a full ban on keyhole development is likely challengeable in court. However, the community would like to see as much restriction on keyhole development as possible. - Septic inspections, while adding some cost and burden on property owners, is a popular idea with residents. The Township would bear little burden in implementing this policy, as damaged systems would need to be brought into compliance with the County Health Department, not any local code. In addition, programs such as cooperative cost-sharing models to improve infrastructure are desired. - Wetlands, while largely regulated by MDEQ, have some ability to be regulated by the Township. Enforcement is a key challenge with any local ordinance to regulate develop in and near small wetlands. Another key challenge Appendix A ••• 83 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN regarding a local wetlands ordinance is the need for collaborative and responsive relationships with MDEQ staff and local zoning administrators. In light of these challenges, public acquisition of important wetlands may be a more favorable approach. PUBLIC OPEN HOUSE – MARCH 25, 2017 The public open house was held after the annual township meeting on Saturday, March 25, 2017, at the Cleveland Township Hall. About 38 residents and interested parties attended the meeting. The open house provided an opportunity to provide input on the proposed master plan. In addition, participants were asked to provide direct feedback at four specific “stations”. The first station provided information about some of the key finding or trends (demographic and land use related) of the Township. The second station provided an opportunity for participants to prioritize the goals, objectives and actions steps using sticky dots. In addition, participants were asked to list “possible partners” that would help implement each goal, objective and action step. The third station provided an opportunity for participants to review and comment on the proposed future land sue plan. The fourth station asked participants to fill out a short survey about the plan and opportunities for participation. The following summaries the results of each station (note; no comments were provided for station one and three). Station Two: HOUSING GOAL: A mixture of housing opportunities in the Township to serve residents while maintaining a high quality of life for existing and future residents. OBJECTIVE 1: Increase the housing supply appropriate for younger families and those that may require more affordable options. 2 sticky dots (Sticky Note: “Be interested in working on housing issues – Carol Waters ph. 228-6591) Action Step 1: Review the Cleveland Township Zoning Ordinance to determine where additional housing growth should be focused. Areas such as the former Sugarloaf Resort area and the southern portion of the Township near CR-667 could support additional homes. Nothing Action Step 2: Support regional efforts to supply affordable housing in the villages of Leelanau County. 2 sticky dots Action Step 3: Lower the minimum square footage of residential units in the Township to allow for micro-housing, or “tiny homes”. 5 sticky dots Action Step 4: Continue to support and market the Township’s property tax assistance program for low-income households. 1 sticky dot Appendix A ••• 84 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Action Step 5: Research the potential impacts of allowing Accessory Dwelling Units to be constructed in certain residential districts, such as R-1, with regulations that would ensure units be used as long-term rentals. Nothing OBJECTIVE 2: Accommodate the changing housing and financial needs of aging residents to maintain quality of life. Nothing Action Step 1: Research the potential impacts of zoning ordinances and other Township policies and make necessary changes to encourage and support additional senior residential development, such as assisted living facilities and retirement communities. Nothing Action Step 2: Research offering Elderly Homestead Exemptions to create additional property tax relief for low-income senior homeowners. This could exempt all, or a portion, of the assessed value of a senior’s property from school, state, or county taxes. 6 sticky dots Action Step 3: Research accessibility standards that could be included in new construction. Zero step entrances and extra safety features are two examples of age-friendly housing. Nothing OBJECTIVE 3: Maintain high standards for residential development to protect and preserve rural character and quality of life. Nothing Action Step 1: Research appropriate opportunities and create a Township noise, public safety, and/or nuisance regulation. 1 sticky dot Action Step 2: Identify opportunities to strengthen blight regulations and code enforcement. Nothing OBJECTIVE 4: Balance support and encouragement of short term rentals with the need to retain overall affordability and rural character. 1 sticky dot Action Step 1: Research and consider opportunities to regulate short-term rental properties (e.g., choose to require permits, limit the number of permits available). 1 sticky dot Appendix A ••• 85 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Action Step 2: Continue to support the creation of additional resort and lodging accommodations in appropriate zoning districts, such as the Commercial Resort and Recreational zoning districts. Nothing ENVIRONMENT (PART 1 OF 2) GOAL 1: Protected natural features that make Cleveland Township a special place to live. OBJECTIVE 1: Contribute to overall watershed health and the health of the Great Lakes through Township-wide policies. Nothing Action Step 1: Adopt and enforce a time of transfer inspection ordinance that requires a septic system to be inspected for leakage and damage before a home can be sold with notice to the County Health Department. 3 sticky dots (Sticky Note: “Lake level vs septic compromise and leaching  High lake levels threaten WQ as septics installed before the 48” isolation distance are submerged  LTL is at an ambient level ~ 30” above historic  We need to research elevations of systems and test shoreline locations for septic influences  Phos levels have risen nearly 300% and Ammonia nearly 600% in some locations” Action Step 2: Work to adopt appropriate recommendations from the Good Harbor Bay Watershed Management Plan with support from lake associations and other organizations. Nothing OBJECTIVE 2: Adopt water quality standards and regulations specific to waterfront properties. Action Step 1: Research the following and other best management practices to determine appropriate standards and regulations: Nothing Increase the setback from the water’s edge to 100 feet, especially in areas with steep slopes. Nothing Require a formal Site Plan Review for any waterfront development. Nothing Amend the Site Plan Review process to be outcome-based, requiring that new developments increase or maintain existing vegetation, do not increase erosion risk, and maintain rainwater retention. Nothing Appendix A ••• 86 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Develop frontage-based minimums or other lot division standards to prohibit future shared-frontage developments or “funnel” developments, where more than one household shares access to a body of water. Nothing Require proof of a greenbelt near the water’s edge during the Site Plan Review process. Nothing Require and enforce landscaping regulations when property owners seek to significantly alter vegetation near the water’s edge. Nothing Establish a maximum impervious surface lot coverage requirement for waterfront properties. Nothing Limit the number and use of docks on waterfront parcels. Nothing Establish boat washing stations on Lime and Little Traverse Lakes. Nothing Ban the use of harmful fertilizers and pesticides near water bodies. 2 Sticky Dots NOTE FOR 10 OF THE ABOVE BULLETED ITEMS IN THIS ACTION STEP #1 “Agree with all but 100’ setback – 75’ is fine” OBJECTIVE 3: Educate residents about water quality trends and proactive measures private property owners can take to reduce water quality concerns. Action Step 1: Support the creation of educational materials for shoreline property owners, agricultural property owners, and large land owners in the Township on topics like water quality, invasive species, landscaping, and woody debris. Nothing Action Step 2: Host educational events with the Township’s lake associations and regional environmental groups to train area landscapers and homeowners about additional landscaping and greenbelt requirements. Nothing Action Step 3: Disseminate data on water quality in the Township through the Township website, at the annual meeting, and in other venues as appropriate. 1 Sticky Dot (Sticky Note: “Leelanau clean water does this now – it is important) Appendix A ••• 87 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN OBJECTIVE 4: Continue to protect the dark skies in the Township to preserve the health of plants and animals and for the general enjoyment of the night sky. Action Step 1: Continue to limit light pollution and identify ways to strengthen the Township’s Outdoor Lighting Ordinance. 2 Sticky Dots Action Step 2: Increase awareness and enforcement of the Township’s Outdoor Lighting Ordinance. Nothing Action Step 3: Support the efforts of the Sleeping Bear Dune National Lakeshore to become a Dark Sky Park. Nothing OBJECTIVE 5: Protect and enhance the many benefits that wetlands provide to people, infrastructure, and the environment. Action Step 1: Adopt a local wetlands ordinance to allow Cleveland Township the ability to regulate development near small wetlands that MDEQ does not oversee. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 2: Work with research groups, conservancies, and lake associations to identify ongoing threats to existing wetlands and opportunities to restore wetlands. Nothing ENVIRONMENT (PART 2 OF 2) GOAL 1: Protected natural features that make Cleveland Township a special place to live. OBJECTIVE 6: Protect the natural environment from the negative impacts of human activities including air quality, shoreline activities, soil erosion, vibration, and other negative impacts. Nothing Action Step 1: Assure that the regulations and policies of associated agencies are upheld in the Township including the Department of Environmental Quality, Soil Erosion Control, the County Health Department, and the County Building Department. Nothing Action Step 2: Limit the visual pollution of billboards, dumping, and nonmaintained properties in the Township through code enforcement. 4 Sticky Dots Action Step 3: Expand the Township’s noise ordinances to include additional manmade noises beyond fireworks (see Housing for more on noise regulation). 3 Sticky Dots Appendix A ••• 88 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Action Step 4: Evaluate the size and capacity of culverts in the Township to determine areas where culverts may be impeding fish migration or damaging habitat. 4 Sticky Dots Sticky Note #1: “Huge issue! Restore Shalda Creek – enlarge TL culvert” Sticky Note #2: “Would help with organizing a committee focused on clean water issues – Carol Waters ph. 228-6591” Action Step 5: Encourage developers to designate open spaces linked to existing natural areas to prevent habitat fragmentation and preserve species migration. 1 Sticky Dot OBJECTIVE 7: Review opportunities to protect the Township’s many scenic views from the negative impacts of development. Action Step 1: Review opportunities to further restrict the ability of a landowner to clear-cut a lot designated for residential development. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 2: Identify barren ridges and other important viewsheds in the Township and provide guidelines or adopt ordinances to ensure development has a minimal impact to these areas. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 3: Craft open space requirements that balance goals of protecting significant resource lands and viewsheds with a goal of providing balanced growth with no net loss of tax base. Nothing OBJECTIVE 8: Work to protect water quality, the environment, and development from the damaging effects of flooding in residential areas. Action Step 1: Continue to work collaboratively to address existing flooding concerns around Little Traverse Lake. 4 Sticky Dots Action Step 2: Review opportunities to require homes near bodies of water or in flood-prone areas be built according to standards that would reduce flooding damages. 1 Sticky Dot Sticky Note #1: “Proactively correct storm drainage problems which will cause significant property damage and waterway pollution with new climate deluges.” Sticky Note #2: “Township/County needs to be capable of acting on storm water control. Road Commission will only act when roads are threatened – not lakes or property” Appendix A ••• 89 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Action Step 3: Work with FEMA to obtain revised floodplain maps as available and continue to ensure that Site Plan Review is conducted for development within the floodplain. Nothing Appendix A ••• 90 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN ECONOMY GOAL: Reasonable economic opportunity and return for Township residents. OBJECTIVE 1: Support the ability of property owners to use land for reasonable economic benefit. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 1: Continue to support new and existing home businesses that meet the standards for use. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 2: Continue to support and encourage sustainable forestry. 1 Sticky Dot OBJECTIVE 2: Protect opportunities for economic development within the Township, including opportunities for employment and access to resources. Action Step 1: Support County and regional efforts to sell Sugarloaf Resort for redevelopment by a private or public entity that supports the local economy and ideally provides access and recreational opportunities to the public. 5 Sticky Dots Action Step 2: Balance support of economic development with the fiscal health of the Township government and its ability to provide appropriate levels of services. Nothing Action Step 3: Permit commercial services at a scale, character, and location that will not take away from the residential quality and character of the area. 1 Sticky Dot BROADBAND GOAL: Better High Speed Internet services in the Township. OBJECTIVE 1: Pursue opportunities to ensure Township residents have greater access to High Speed Internet and cable services. 4 Sticky Dots Sticky Note: “My #1 Most important issue in Cleveland Township” Action Step 1: Partner with Leelanau County, the Leelanau Peninsula Economic Foundation’s Technology Committee, and other groups as necessary to better understand gaps in the Township’s existing coverage and increase access to better services. 1 Sticky Dot Appendix A ••• 91 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Action Step 2: Send a representative of Cleveland Township to the Leelanau Peninsula Economic Foundation’s Technology Committee as it seeks to create a Broadband Action Plan for the region. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 3: Educate community leaders and the public on the economic, social, and educational benefits High Speed Internet provides. Action Step 4: Designate a portion of Township funds to addressing inadequate broadband through capital investments, cooperative cost sharing models, and other funding mechanisms. 1 Sticky Dot AGRICULTURE GOAL: Protected agricultural lands and an enhanced rural character in Cleveland Township. OBJECTIVE 1: Support agricultural operations and lands in the Township. Nothing Action Step 1: Retain restrictions on residential uses in the agricultural areas such that agricultural pursuits are not compromised and reasonable use of the land is not denied to the property owner. Nothing Action Step 2: Continue to allow agricultural lands to benefit from tourism and reduce barriers to further opportunities as appropriate provided they do not adversely affect neighbors or the serene rural nature of the area. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 3: Support the continued success of agricultural operations in the Township through local policies and regulations. Nothing Action Step 4: Retain agricultural lands in the Township by retaining a strong commitment to the areas currently zoned for agricultural use. 2 Sticky Dots Action Step 5: Research the requirements farmers must meet to qualify for aid and/or programs that strive to preserve farmland and work to ensure Township regulations would not prevent a person from qualifying. Nothing PUBLIC SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE GOAL: High-quality services and infrastructure for Township residents. Nothing Appendix A ••• 92 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN OBJECTIVE 1: Enter into multi-jurisdictional planning and service arrangements wherever appropriate to lower costs and improve efficiency. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 1: Continue to support the Cedar Area Fire and Rescue Department and support additional capital improvements in the future. 2 Sticky Dots OBJECTIVE 2: Look for opportunities to improve the safety, reliability, and accessibility of transportation in the Township. Nothing Action Step 1: Look for opportunities to include bike shoulders and bike lanes in the community through grant funding and partnerships with the Leelanau County Road Commission and the Michigan Department of Transportation. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 2: Advocate for increased fixed-route access to public transit from the Bay Area Transportation Authority. Nothing Action Step 3: Work with the Township board and elected leaders to budget future Township expenditures through a Capital Improvement Plan. Nothing OBJECTIVE 3: Continue to provide access to high-quality recreational amenities within and near the Township. 1 Sticky Dot Action Step 1: Explore opportunities to upgrade the Township Park to include an improved dock or other amenities. Nothing Action Step 2: Continue to work with the National Park Service to maintain access points to Lake Michigan and the National Lakeshore. Nothing Action Step 3: Support the expansion of recreational opportunities as appropriate and as desired by the 2016 planning survey and other public input. Nothing Action Step 4: Support the development of a Recreational Master Plan for Cleveland Township that identifies grant opportunities to upgrade recreational facilities as appropriate. Nothing Appendix A ••• 93 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Station Four: Annual Meeting Survey Results (10 surveys handed in) 1. Public Engagement A. Other than today, have you participated in any of the public engagement events for this Master Plan? Yes: 8 No: 2 B. Do you feel you’ve been provided adequate opportunity to be involved in the Master Plan process? Yes: 8 No: 2. Key Issues What concerns do you see as most important in Cleveland Township?  Internet and cell phone problems  Protection of environment  Affordability for families and elderly  Opportunities for small business and agriculture  Sugar Loaf Resort  Water Quality  Housing Affordability  Property tax relief  Maintaining agricultural lands  Sugar Loaf being a viable business or housing  More businesses to Township  Water  Restrict density of residential  Culvert on () Rd./ Stream Restoration  Focus on water quality  Allow smaller dwellings  Septic inspections  Internet Access  Lower square footage requirements  Ignorance about storm water  Capacities and civil engineering  Lake level related pollution  Excessive traffic  Control housing growth 3. Future Land Use How supportive are you of the Future Land Use Map and descriptions? 1 – Totally Opposed: 2: 3: 4: (2) 5 – Very Supportive: (6) Comments: “To be aware of township changes” “Excellent work has gone into these uses by the planning commission” “Great work” Appendix A ••• 94 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN 4. Goals How supportive are you in general of the proposed goals, objectives and action steps? 1 – Totally Opposed: 2: 3: 4: (3) 5 – Very Supportive: (5) 5. General Comments for the Planning Commission “Guess I need to look into this as I have not been active for many reasons” “Thank you. Applause for getting the help of LIAA to work on Master Plan” “Subcommittees to reach the action objectives” “Thank You” Appendix A ••• 95 Public Meeting Summaries �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Appendix B. Detailed Survey Results This appendix offers detailed results of the community planning survey mailed to Township residents in the summer of 2016. The survey results were used throughout the planning process and helped support the goals and recommendations of the Master Plan. This appendix shows the survey results per question, with a number of tables representing different subgroups of the survey respondents. The first table in each topic shows the survey responses as a whole, while additional tables may show responses from a particular subgroup, such as those who live near an inland lake or some other category. A “blank” survey is included at the end of this appendix for reference. ABOUT THE SURVEY The 2016 Cleveland Township Community Planning Survey was mailed to every address in the Township in July 2016. Surveys were mailed to property address, and in some cases owner addresses, in an attempt to include as many homeowners and residents as possible. The survey was also able to be completed electronically on the project website. Surveys were anonymous but included a unique random number identifier to ensure that each property only completed one survey. In total, 974 surveys were mailed out and 312 surveys were completed either by mail or online. CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP’S CHARACTER Table B1 shows the results of Question 1 on the survey for all 312 survey respondents. In general, a large percentage of survey respondents identified clean water (92%), scenic views (72%), quiet (67%), and forested hills and ridges (66%) as a very important quality of the Township. Access to hunting and fishing opportunities was ranked as the least important characteristic of the Township, with 21% of respondents stating this was not important to them. 1. Please help us identify the most important qualities of Cleveland Township’s character. What are the most important qualities of Cleveland Township? Please choose one option that most closely matches your opinion for each item. Appendix B ••• 96 Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Table B1. Question 1 for All Respondents 22% 10% Not Important 21% 9% Response Rate 94% 96% 20% 6% 5% 96% Forested Hills and Ridges 92% 18% 48% 44% 47% 66% 5% 29% 20% 33% 37% 23% 0% 34% 14% 15% 10% 5% 0% 12% 13% 4% 2% 1% 97% 92% 95% 95% 95% 95% Low Amount of Traffic 54% 31% 8% 2% 95% Quiet Scenic Views (including high hills and ridgelines) Seeing Lots of Wildlife 67% 72% 54% 26% 18% 32% 3% 6% 8% 0% 1% 2% 97% 97% 97% Wetlands 49% 30% 14% 5% 97% Access to Hunting and Fishing Opportunities Access to Inland Lakes (e.g., Lime, Little Traverse) Access to the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Clean Water Gravel and Unimproved Roads Existing Bicycling and Walking Paths Farm Houses and Working Farms Farms and Open Fields Very Important 27% 52% 24% 25% 65% CURRENT CONDITIONS IN THE TOWNSHIP Table B2 shows the results of Question 2 on the survey for all 312 respondents. Several key results from the survey are listed below.  Over half (54%) of respondents disagree or strongly disagree that the Township is growing too quickly.  Over half (53%) of respondents disagree or strongly disagree that there are not enough short-term rental accommodations in the Township.  Over 60% of respondents disagree or strongly disagree that there are not enough commercial services in the Township.  Over half (55%) of respondents agree or strongly agree that the Township is experiencing a loss of farmland and/or orchards.  Survey respondents are divided on whether housing opportunities meet the needs of existing residents. Respondents are equally divided on whether more affordable housing or more senior/assisted housing is needed in the Township. Appendix B ••• 97 Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN 2. Listed below are statements about Cleveland Township’s current conditions. Please choose one option that most closely matches your opinion for each item. Table BX. Question 2 for All Respondents. Strongly Agree 9% Cleveland Township is growing too quickly. 51% Strongly Disagree 3% Response Rate 91% Agree Disagree 29% There are not enough short-term rental accommodations in Cleveland Township. 9% 26% 39% 14% 89% There are not enough commercial services in the Township. 6% 24% 46% 17% 92% Cleveland Township is experiencing a loss of farmland/orchards. 14% 41% 30% 3% 88% The housing opportunities do not meet the needs of the community residents. 11% 33% 36% 8% 89% More affordable housing is needed in Cleveland Township. 13% 33% 30% 15% 90% More Senior/Assisted housing is needed in Cleveland Township. 9% 33% 34% 10% 86% Table B3.1 shows the results of Question 3 for all survey respondents. In general, the majority of respondents identified utilities, fire protection, police service, rescue services, road maintenance, and snow plowing as either “good” or “fair.” However, 42% of respondents identified Cable TV as “poor,” while 51% identified Broadband/High Speed Internet as “poor.” 3. How would you rate the following services and amenities in Cleveland Township? Please choose one option that most closely matches your opinion for each item. Table BX. Question 3 for All Respondents. Utilities Fire Protection Police Services Rescue Services Road Maintenance Snow Plowing Recreational Facilities Cable TV Broadband/High Speed Internet Appendix B Good Fair Poor Never Used Response Rate 52% 47% 52% 46% 50% 66% 54% 12% 10% 31% 18% 18% 18% 35% 20% 29% 23% 21% 7% 3% 1% 2% 9% 3% 5% 42% 51% 5% 26% 25% 29% 3% 7% 7% 20% 14% 96% 95% 96% 94% 96% 96% 96% 96% 96% ••• 98 Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Table B3.2 shows how survey respondents under the age of 50 categorized Broadband/High Speed Internet in the Township. A greater percentage of those aged 50 or younger identified Broadband/High Speed Internet as poor (61% compared to 51% of all respondents). Table BX. Broadband/High Speed Internet, Respondents 50 years old or younger Broadband/High Speed Internet Good Fair Poor 3% 16% 61% Never Used 16% THE FUTURE OF CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP Table B4 shows the survey results to Question 4 for all respondents. The results help identify how respondents feel about future development in the Township. Most survey respondents (at least 50%) agree that:  New residential development should not be located along M-22, near the National Lakeshore borders, in agricultural or forested areas, or “almost anywhere” in the Township.  New residential development should be located along major roads such as 667 and 669, in the southern part of the Township around 667 [near Maple City], or concentrated in the Sugar Loaf area.  Cleveland Township has adequate areas zoned for residential purposes.  Business development should be located in compact areas similar to business parks.  Residential and business development should be located near similar land uses. Appendix B ••• 99 Detailed Survey Results Response Rate 100% �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN 4. The next two questions help us identify what you’d like to see in the future development of Cleveland Township. The following statements are about future homes and businesses in the Township. Please choose one option that most closely matches your opinion for each of the following statements. Table BX. Question 4 for All Respondents. I Strongly Agree New residential development in Cleveland Township should be… Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Response Rate 4% 21% 39% 26% 90% 5% 46% 20% 17% 88% …...located at or near major intersections 4% 37% 32% 13% 87% …...permitted near national lakeshore borders …...located in the southern part of the Township around Co Rd 667 3% 21% 28% 39% 92% 7% 46% 20% 12% 85% …...permitted in agricultural areas 3% 21% 40% 26% 90% …...permitted in forested areas 3% 22% 35% 29% 89% …...concentrated in the Sugar Loaf area 17% 36% 22% 14% 90% .......permitted almost anywhere in the Township 4% 20% 31% 37% 91% .......permitted almost anywhere in the Township provided that clustering is required to set aside open space 7% 41% 24% 20% 92% 15% 53% 10% 3% 80% 21% 50% 14% 5% 90% 18% 58% 9% 4% 89% .......located along M-22 …...located along major roads such as Co Rd 667 & Co 669 Cleveland Township has adequate areas zoned for r residential purposes I Business Development should be located in compact areas similar to business parks Residential and Business Development should be located near similar land uses Table B5 shows the results from Question 5 for all respondents. The results of this question help identify the types of new or additional housing survey respondents most support in the Township. In general, a majority of survey respondents favor or completely favor single-family homes on large lots (65%), on very large lots (60%), or in compact neighborhoods (52%). Senior housing also received support from survey respondents (64%). Respondents either opposed or totally opposed duplex housing units (56%), conversion of single-family housing to multi-family housing (69%), and mobile home parks (85%). Appendix B ••• 100 Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN 5. What types of new or additional residential housing should Cleveland Township encourage in the future? Please choose one option that most closely matches your opinion for each item. Table BX. Question 5 for All Respondents Completely In Favor Totally Opposed Response Rate Single Family Homes on Large Lots (over 1 Acre) 35% 30% 13% 13% 91% Single Family Homes on Very Large Lots (over 5 Acres) 32% 28% 16% 15% 91% Single Family Homes in Compact Neighborhoods 21% 31% 22% 17% 92% Duplex (Two Family) Housing Units Conversion of Single Family Housing to Multi-Family Housing 9% 26% 27% 29% 91% 5% 16% 25% 44% 90% Mobile Home Parks 2% 5% 12% 73% 93% Senior Housing 19% 45% 19% 9% 91% WATER QUALITY IN CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP Table B6 shows that the vast majority (96%) of all survey respondents believe it is important to protect the water quality of the lakes, streams, and groundwater of Cleveland Township. A majority of respondents (at least 50%) support each intervention listed on Table B7, while three interventions are supported by at least 80% of respondents. These include: require that septic systems be inspected before a home can be sold (89%), prohibit the use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers within 50 feet of an inland lake or stream (86%), and require that the amount of impervious (paved) surfaces on waterfront lot not exceed 15% of the lot’s size (83%). 6. Do you believe it is important to protect the water quality of the lakes, streams, and groundwater of Cleveland Township? Please check one. Table BX. Question 6 for All Respondents Yes 96% No 0% Response Rate 96% 7. Which of the following actions would you support to protect the water quality of lakes, streams, and groundwater in Cleveland Township? Please choose one option that most closely matches your opinion for each item. Appendix B ••• 101 Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Table BX. Question 7 for All Respondents Completely In Favor Totally Opposed Response Rate Require that the amount of impervious (paved) surfaces on a waterfront lot not exceed 15% of the lot’s size. 61% 22% 4% 4% 92% Forbid keyhole development along inland lakes. Keyhole development is where multiple homes are clustered around a single access point to the water. 50% 19% 13% 11% 94% Require a strip of vegetation (not grass) along the shore of inland lakes. Homeowners will be permitted a path to the water. 39% 25% 20% 9% 93% Prohibit the use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers within 50 feet of an inland lake or stream. 74% 12% 5% 4% 95% Require septic systems to be inspected before a home can be sold. 70% 19% 4% 4% 96% Sugar Loaf Resort Area Table B8 shows the results of Question 8. In general, most respondents feel that Sugar Loaf should be used as a multi-use resort (85%), while there was also broad support for Sugar Loaf being used for recreational purposes (69%) and as a public viewing area (69%). The results of this question suggest that there is an overall preference by respondents for Sugar Loaf to be used for economic development with some opportunity for public enjoyment. 8. This question is about the future of the Sugar Loaf Resort Area. Please choose one option that most closely matches your opinion for each item. Table BX. Question 8 for All Respondents Completely In Favor Sugar Loaf should be used for recreational purposes, such as a youth-family sports and fitness complex. Sugar Loaf should be used as a multi-use, year-round resort for skiing, biking, swimming, and golf. Sugar Loaf should be returned to its natural landscape and all buildings/structures should be removed from the hilltop. Sugar Loaf should be used for sustainable energy creation including wind and solar power. Sugar Loaf should be used for agricultural purposes such as crops, grapes, and cherries. Whatever happens with the Sugar Loaf area, the public should be able to access the hilltop to enjoy the view. Sugar Loaf should be redeveloped to support a higher density of homes. Appendix B ••• 102 Totally Opposed Response Rate 39% 30% 13% 9% 91% 63% 22% 4% 5% 95% 19% 16% 27% 29% 91% 13% 23% 20% 36% 92% 12% 24% 28% 29% 93% 43% 26% 13% 11% 92% 8% 16% 22% 46% 93% Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN RECREATION IN CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP Table B9.1 shows the survey responses to Question 9. In general, most respondents agree that the Township has access to a number of important recreational opportunities including the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, the Sleeping Bear Heritage Trail and its proposed expansion, and the Township’s many inland lakes. Most respondents feel that the Township park on Little Traverse Lake is appropriately maintained and offers the right facilities and amenities. Table B9.2 shows how respondents who live or own land in the Little Traverse Lake Area feel about the proposed expansion of the Sleeping Bear Dunes Heritage Trail. The responses are divided, with 48% agreeing with the trail expansion, and another 48% disagreeing. When compared to all respondents, a greater percentage of those selfidentified as living near or owning land in the Little Traverse Lake area disagree that the trail expansion will be a positive addition to the community. 9. THIS QUESTION IS ABOUT THE RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IN CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP. PLEASE CHOOSE ONE OPTION THAT MOST CLOSELY MATCHES YOUR OPINION FOR EACH ITEM. Table BX. Question 9 for All Respondents Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Response Rate The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore provides important recreational opportunities to residents of Cleveland Township. 76% 15% 3% 2% 95% The inland lakes (e.g., Little Traverse, Lime, School) provide important recreational opportunities to residents of Cleveland Township. 63% 28% 4% 1% 95% 24% 47% 7% 3% 81% 21% 44% 13% 3% 81% 54% 23% 6% 9% 92% 52% 14% 7% 19% 92% The Cleveland Township park on Little Traverse Lake is adequately maintained. The Cleveland Township park on Little Traverse Lake offers the right facilities and amenities. The newly constructed section of the Sleeping Bear Dunes Heritage Trail is a positive addition to the Township. The proposed expansion of the Sleeping Bear Dunes Heritage Trail from County Road 669 east around and beyond Little Traverse Lake will be a positive addition to the Township. Table B9.2 Question 9 for Little Traverse Lake Area Residents Strongly Agree The proposed expansion of the Sleeping Bear Dunes Heritage Trail from County Road 669 east around and 34% beyond Little Traverse Lake will be a positive addition to the Township. Appendix B ••• 103 Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Response Rate 14% 8% 40% 92% Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN TRANSPORTATION IN CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP Table B10 shows how survey respondents feel about transportation corridors in the Township. Most residents (at least 55%) felt there were no serious problems with Maple City Road or Bohemian Road. Over one-third of respondents feel that M-22 has excessive speeds (33%) and needs surface improvements (37%). The response rate for M-22 is over 100%, meaning that many respondents noted more than one condition (excessive traffic, excessive speeds, etc.) applies to M-22. 10. This question is about the traffic and road conditions along the major roads in the Township. In your opinion, are any of the following occurring in any of the following road corridors? Check any boxes that apply. Table BX. Question 10 for All Respondents M-22 Maple City Road Bohemian Road Excessive Traffic Excessive Speeds Dangerous Blind Curves Road Surface Needs Improvement No Serious Problems Seasonal Problem Only Response Rate 22% 33% 10% 37% 20% 25% 146% 6% 17% 4% 8% 55% 10% 100% 3% 9% 2% 12% 56% 11% 93% DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION The remaining tables summarize the demographic information of the survey takers. The majority (73%) of the survey respondents live in Cleveland Township, with 51% living in the Township full-time. Half of the survey respondents are registered to vote in the Township. An overwhelming majority (89%) of survey respondents are over the age of 50. The various areas in the Township were well represented, with no single part of the Township comprising the majority of respondents. The majority of the respondents have a household income of over $60,000 a year. Nearly half of respondents (46%) are retired, and just 12% have children under 18 years old living at home. 11. Do you live in Cleveland Township? Table B11. Question 11 for All Respondents Yes No Response Rate Appendix B 73% 25% 98% ••• 104 Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN 12. Do you consider yourself a part-time or full-time resident of Cleveland Township? Table B12. Question 12 for All Respondents Part-Time Full-Time Response Rate 13. 43% 51% 98% Are you registered to vote in Cleveland Township? Table B13. Question 13 for All Respondents Yes No Response Rate 14. 50% 48% 94% What is your age group? Table B14. Question 14 for All Respondents Under 18 18-25 26-35 36-50 51-65 Over 65 Response Rate 15. 0% 0% 1% 8% 44% 45% 98% In what part(s) of the Township do you live/own land? Check all that apply. Table B15. Question 15 for All Respondents Little Traverse Lake Area Lime Lake Area Sugar Loaf Area Bohemian Valley Area Maple City Area Wheeler Road Area Other Response Rate Appendix B 28% 29% 29% 6% 8% 8% 3 111% ••• 105 Detailed Survey Results �CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN 16. What is your household income? Table B16. Question 16 for All Respondents Under $20,000 $20,000-$39,999 $40,000-$59,999 $60,000 over above Response Rate 17. 2% 8% 18% 60% 89% What is your employment status? Table B17. Question 17 for All Respondents Employed (not self-employed) Self-employed Unemployed Retired Response Rate 18. 28% 18% 0% 46% 93% Do you have children under 18 years old living in your household? Table B18. Question 18 for All Respondents Yes No Response Rate Appendix B 12% 85% 97% ••• 106 Detailed Survey Results � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Cleveland-Twp_Master-Plan_2017 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cleveland Township Planning Commission, Cleveland Township, Leelanau County, Michigan Land Information Access Association Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-10 Title A name given to the resource Cleveland Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Cleveland Township Master Plan was prepared by the Cleveland Township Planning Commission and the Land Information Access Association in October 2017. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Cleveland Township (Mich.) Leelanau County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0b44a19e044eb4ae2cbdc261ca50ba2c.pdf ce9eb7668c32ad1a621fdf356f1956fe PDF Text Text Hidden Lake CLEVELAND TOWNSHIP ZONING Lake MAP Michigan 31 32 33 Shell Lake 6 Ü Lake Michigan Good Harbor 5 4 1 3 2 10 11 Narada Lake 7 9 8 12 Bass Lake 18 Little Traverse Lake M 22 17 16 School Lake 15 13 14 23 20 21 22 24 Lime Lake D Inland Lakes 1//,, National Park 29 28 Zoning Districts 25 ad Ro Residential 2 5 67 Business 1 Business 2 32 Commercial Resort 33 Governmental Recreational Glen Lake 0.5 1 2 Miles 26 34 County Road 667 -- Residential 1 Residential 3 0 27 Agricultural County Road 669 ty un Co D D D 35 36 Map for Reference Purposes Only Data from Cleveland Township Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development September 2012 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Cleveland-Twp_Zoning-Map_2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leelanau County Planning & Community Development, Leelanau County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-09 Title A name given to the resource Cleveland Township Zoning Map Description An account of the resource The Cleveland Township Zoning Map was prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development in September 2012. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Cleveland Township (Mich.) Leelanau County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a7dc603fab908a8084a601a8160eed08.jpg dc67e3ba41d25f55e9ec0cba3f731c8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Brigham-D_0036 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brigham, D. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Title A name given to the resource Climbing Mt. Baldhead Description An account of the resource Sandy Plummer and another man take a rest on the stairs up Mt. Baldhead. Slightly ahead of them is their golden retriever who is walking up, circa 1990s Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by D. Brigham as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/28391c79a53873e98713fa451241938b.jpg 8b586e1612444d3703249d44662832f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ClingerWilliam_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Clinger, William Description An account of the resource William Clinger, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/43ceb00b1d41b1ccac91e46fd77d3c35.jpg 0d15f1d6a3cbc128ac96d7b7c09c49a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ClingerWilliam_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Clinger, William Description An account of the resource William Clinger, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c93a7175bcbfca7c6c02f983a29c342b.mp4 e0056c23aebeeb82bea88737067b8134 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6f2d9702cae3f1fa324d54fac55be7cb.pdf 5fd54e33924b9c37c10d9f709b416796 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran's History Project Marine Corps Ken Clisso Total Time (00:38:25) Introduction (00:00:10)  Ken Clisso was born May 27th, 1959; he served in the United States Marine Corps from 1982 til 1989 and achieved the rank of Sergeant of the Guard (00:00:21)  Ken went to University of Texas for two years then graduated from Kansas State University (00:01:14)  He had a few friends and neighbors that had been in the Marine Corps; financial reasons pushed him towards the Marine Corps as well- he joined the Marine Corps at the age of 23 (00:02:14) ◦ Ken had multiple family members enter the Marine Corps as well as other branches of service (00:02:47) ◦ The Chief of Detectives in his local police department, Roger Larue, had the biggest impact on why Ken joined the military as he lived across the street from him (00:04:06) ◦ His parents were upset that he decided to choose the military and didn't want him to go in (00:04:57) ▪ Ken entered boot camp on August 18th, 1982 and finished around the 15th of November later that year (00:06:24) ▪ The training consisted of first aid, hand to hand combat, pushups, physical training, swim qualification and equipment training as well (00:07:45) ▪ Ken got to come home for about a week after boot camp and went to Camp Pendleton in California for six weeks of infantry training (00:10:07)  Within six weeks Ken went from PFC to Lance Corporal meritoriously (00:11:35)  He ended up going to Twentynine Palms in the Mojave Desert in California after Camp Pendleton (00:13:00)  Ken went to San Diego for a month and a half for water safety survival instructor training (00:14:27) ◦ The WWII battleship Iowa was being recommissioned and Marines were on board for nuclear security; Ken was hand selected for having done well while in the Marine Corps (00:18:44) ◦ Ken and a few others went through the recommissioning of the Iowa in Pascagoula, Mississippi around April of 1984 (00:19:29) ◦ He got to be involved with a recommissioning ceremony along with George H.W. Bush and Barbara Bush (00:20:03) ▪ The first deployment of the Iowa was to the Gulf of Mexico (00:20:55) ▪ The main job was to cruise around the world and show the flag Ken mentions (00:22:00) ▪ Ken mentions all of the places all around the world he has been up until this point in the interview (00:24:16)  Ken said he was pretty well crushed when they got an opportunity to tour the beaches of Normandy (00:26:30)  In the fall of 1984, Ken mentions an instance where four marines were gun downed while in San Salvador, El Salvador; the Iowa was on the � pacific side of Panama- six of the men on the Iowa including Ken were loaded up to stand guard at the embassy (00:31:54) He never imagined he would have to be a part of something like that but mentions that was part of their duty if it ever came up (00:33:11) ◦ To keep in touch, Ken wrote letters to his family while in boot camp (00:33:33) ◦ While overseas, he mainly wrote letters as calling was too expensive (00:34:46) ◦ Sometimes you could go up to three or four weeks without receiving mail but sometimes he would receive up to 25 letters or so at once (00:37:52) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ClissoK1628V Title A name given to the resource Clisso, Kenneth (Interview outline and video), 2014 Description An account of the resource Ken Clisso was born May 27th, 1959 and served in the United States Marine Corps from 1982 until 1989 and achieved the rank of Sergeant of the Guard. After graduating from Kansas State University Ken joined the Marine Corps for financial reasons and he had a close neighbor who used to serve as well. Ken finished boot camp around the 15th of November of 1982. He went to Camp Pendleton for infantry training and ended up at Twentynine Palms in the Mojave Desert in California afterwards. He was commissioned to the WWII battleship Iowa. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clisso, Kenneth Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Watson, Liam (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine Corps Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-05-18 Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a0cf16a9c9d6f7ef5477ebd5e731afe2.jpg 368922d26949aefbc035f157abf9aff3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ClockDaniel Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Clock, Daniel Description An account of the resource Daniel Clock, Mathematics Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/80ea82eaebed8a131b0f26ba8a71b601.jpg 1d92b6f819a97f6047c1e3bfc299b9db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00104 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1918-1919 Title A name given to the resource Close up loess country Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of about a dozen laborers hauling baskets strapped to their backs along a dirt path. Behind the people is a tall cliffside. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Loess--China China Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d0ba04cb2298e0a485bf829f47a91abd.jpg 335d122b3f42a692e831695af60b89d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource U.S.S. Michigan Memorabilia Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Ships--Great Lakes (North America) Battle cruisers Description An account of the resource The name U.S.S. Michigan has been shared by 3 vessels in the United States Navy. The first U.S.S. Michigan was the Navy's first iron-hulled warship (1843-1949). It was renamed the U.S.S. Wolverine in 1905 and decommissioned in 1912; the U.S.S. Michigan (Battleship BB-27) along with her sister ship U.S.S. South Carolina was the first “all-big-gun battleships designed and built for the U.S. Navy; the third and current U.S.S. Michigan SSBN 727 is a Trident-class missile submarine launched in 1980. This collection focuses on the U.S.S. Michigan (Battleship BB-27), but includes articles, images, and memorabilia of all three vessels utilizing the name of U.S.S. Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beasecker, Robert (collector) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/475">U.S.S. Michigan memorabilia collection (RHC-48)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-48 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-2002 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/475">U.S.S. Michigan memorabilia collection, RHC-48</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-48-USSM14 Title A name given to the resource Close View of U.S.S. Michigan at Target Practice Subject The topic of the resource Michigan (Battleship : BB27) Ships--Great Lakes (North America) United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Postcard of a U.S. Battleship in Action Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d8422d05fd01c06bce97b40f0468549e.jpg 60407396e329e9fd3c5deca7d80e332f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Pie-Factory-09 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lloyd J. Harris Pie Co. Title A name given to the resource Close-up of Oven Full of Apple Pies Description An account of the resource A photo of a large commerical oven with the phrase "Universal Oven Company, Inc. New York" engraved in the metal. The oven is completely filled with apple pies. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Factories Bakeries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7dd795a6fa6c6d7bd3b0d326c7dc7f4c.jpg 02e3547dbbb8160d4a4fa254bd371399 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_B010-0005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961-02-01 Title A name given to the resource Close-up view of MSU Building Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a close-up view of the exterior of a campus building at Michigan State University on February 1, 1961. Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan State University East Lansing (Mich.) Football--Michigan Football stadiums Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/64d326f3fd49838eff53432213900990.jpg 9504dbdcfbea74bf3e28dfd80bebed6d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ClossonRebecca Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Closson, Rebecca Description An account of the resource Rebecca Closson, Bookstore Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/22adaf6991cb24f2f9a5dbba281e9dc9.pdf 336b2ccf1e25184a218296895c238d39 PDF Text Text CLOTHESLINE PROJECT OCTOBER 19-22, 2009 You can batter my body, but you can't touch my spirit! Break the silence! Create at-shirt as a survivor or friend of a survivor of violence. Your Story Here. (Or the story of your mother, daughter, sister, or friend.) T-SHIRTS FROM WEST MICHIGAN INDIVIDUALS WILL BE ON DISPLAY AT THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS: T-SHIRT MAKING WORKSHOPS Monday-Thursday, October 19-22 from 8om-5pm Women's Center, Kirkhof Center/ Room 1201 Kirkhof Center Lobby- Allendale Campus DeVos Center Student Lounge- Pew Campus Meijer Campus Student Lounge- Holland Campus For individuals requiring special accommodations please coll the Women's Center at 616-331-27 48 or email at: womenctr<Q)gvsu.edu. Sponsored by: GVSU Women's Center, Eyes Wide Open Student Organization, Center For Women In Transition , GVSU Women & Gender Studies and GVSU Public Safely � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_2009_Clothesline-Project.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women's Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-10-19/2009-10-22 Title A name given to the resource Clothesline Project Description An account of the resource Flyer detailing a workshops on creating t-shirts for violence survivors. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Women's Center, Eyes Wide Open Student Orgaization, Center for Women in Transition, GVSU Women & Gender Studes, GVSU Public Safety Subject The topic of the resource Community centers Healing Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women's Center Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/792ab28ae7a0c5a1026a1eee19c855f8.jpg 5c538aef53572df6f7904a1f220a2204 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M222-0005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Cloud Farm, Exmoor National Park, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the Cloud Farmhouse, located in the area currently known as "Cloud Farm Campsite" within the Lorna Doone Valley along the northern coast of Exmoor National Park, England. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Farms--England--Exmoor Valleys--England--Exmoor Exmoor National Park (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/36202235e2c28335149105465dce9ef7.jpg 8962395e5a134dceda449b582a79ac74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M222-0015 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Cloud Farm, Exmoor National Park, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a bird's-eye view of Cloud Farm, located within the Lorna Doone Valley along the northern coast of Exmoor National Park, England. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Farms--England--Exmoor Valleys--England--Exmoor Exmoor National Park (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f4352ac828df666c4fff0a1c71fa7c92.jpg 741f7834e781fbb63233e32a7c901059 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M223-0003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Cloud Farm, Exmoor National Park, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the entrance gate leading up to Cloud Farm, located within the Lorna Doone Valley along the northern coast of Exmoor National Park, England. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Farms--England--Exmoor Valleys--England--Exmoor Exmoor National Park (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/184da0f3367bcabdd7d51dc6608b92ba.jpg 78445b8b2edb47df94ce87764c3b502e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M223-0025 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Cloud Farm, Exmoor National Park, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the fenced-in countryside surrounding Cloud Farm, located within the Lorna Doone Valley along the northern coast of Exmoor National Park, England. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Farms--England--Exmoor Valleys--England--Exmoor Exmoor National Park (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c39e733946248ce4e5494d747b5fd85a.jpg 910f6ffc9b8f787b04299027172122d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CloverJames Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Clover, James Description An account of the resource James Clover, Art Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7287dc425eafb172ac9ec48d6da3db78.jpg 8b9c7b9a4b0e8b66e896f1da231f1291 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ClubineM Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Clubine, Marilyn Description An account of the resource Marilyn Clubine, Intercollegiate Athletics Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/56c2d080efb277e3d317e86f3e8f5cd3.jpg e1ee768a82aaecd6d60291f491f09a6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CluneDotti Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Clune, Dotti Description An account of the resource Dotti Clune, Media Relations Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1ad179d1a1460032772023d030e5cc4a.jpg 35e0621beb23e49138a8e719ba511f40 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_3_1911-1915_009 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911-08-16 Title A name given to the resource Coach at Mammoth Hotel Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a horse-drawn coach at the Mammoth Hotel, Yellowstone National Park. Several people can be seen in and around the coach. Lettering on the side of the coach reads Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. Water damage is visible on the image, which was scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Yellowstone National Park Wyoming Horse-drawn vehicles Portraits, Group Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1baf7be356d6174fd85f643ffd75e1b2.jpg c987ece4bcf983fd8a89fcc3223b951f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_3_1911-1915_007 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911-08-16 Title A name given to the resource Coach in "Hoodoos" Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a horse-drawn coach in the Hoodoos, Yellowstone National Park. Five people are visible sitting on the coach. Subject The topic of the resource Yellowstone National Park Wyoming Horse-drawn vehicles Rock formations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/79e163c8e7672cdc7b4b2c4a6199ec75.jpg 9facfb8a6c424838ec415516273e7aa3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1682 Title A name given to the resource Coach transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Coach Russian transport, September 1, 1955. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education World War, 1939-1945 Slides Airplanes, Military--Recognition Russia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955-09-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d0977acf32f0f42cebeaf61e5accbb88.jpg df1e7e3ff96bdfb37a9d3e382f1d4773 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001044 Title A name given to the resource Coaches and trophies Description An account of the resource Left to right: Jim Scott (wrestling coach, GLIAC conference commissioner), Joan Boand (women's basketball, softball, and volleyball coach), and President Lubbers. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Sports Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo