131 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c842a0f0377bf5e8bf2a4a5c5cbc4a9c.jpg fd49cea1f06e8326c88d74a0a5a01be4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Lake Superior Hall 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000046 Title A name given to the resource Lake Superior Hall. Students in beanies walking up the steps Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Students in freshman beanies walking up the steps of Lake Superior Hall, ca. 1964. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Facilities Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1208260c74f9b34e7a6785e64b648a2e.jpg 7463f0633e07b33e4cb7452136235583 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Meathe, Kessler & Associates Johnson, Johnson & Roy 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000114 Title A name given to the resource Architects reviewing plans for layout of Allendale campus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Architects from the firm of Meathe, Kessler & Associates review plans for Grand Valley State College, Allendale campus, ca. 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architects Architectural rendering Facilities Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ee726f7523f6d940b433e25b7d22219c.jpg 1f6606466c2d6ef8129fe8c6e8f4e431 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Grey House 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000120 Title A name given to the resource Grey House. Installing the front door to the first administrative offices Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Installing a front door to the Grey House, location of the first campus administrative offices at Grand Valley State College. Left: Don Lautenbach, Right: Ted Totoraitis, 1962. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Facilities Office buildings Universities and colleges Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4226aff27e9ecaab058a357f3f627564.jpg fe92c17354d5e17eec2c400dd62b38cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000146 Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Apartments. Male students in Grand Valley Apartment living room Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Male students at home in the Grand Valley Apartments. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Facilities Dormitories Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/398f1bb708e0bf7aac63af8aaa46bd6a.jpg ea89a35e5cc7f1497e3d343e383717a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000147 Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Apartments. Female students at home Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Female students at home in the Grand Valley Apartments. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Facilities Dormitories Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3d07b52d698af00ff9002bdb4185acdc.jpg b8d6ef2d7ac5c1165d5bd612f584d112 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000160 Title A name given to the resource Carol VanderMark using microscope in classroom Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Carol VanderMark using microscope in classroom. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges--Faculty Allendale (Mich.) Classrooms Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/484242104046a48ab6abf863c236bad9.jpg 1b8437e16cf764adc324f573da60d487 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000194 Title A name given to the resource Students studying in a Lake building library Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Students studying in one of the Lake building libraries. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Libraries Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/74cda0b81c126d387f063c9533627c4a.jpg 138ac02885f59ad510eefb0258ac68da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000246 Title A name given to the resource Students in library in Lake building Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Male and female student in library in Lake building. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/975d18f02949c3a2a7bf5a5cd577fd1e.jpg 62b15da578d607f6b633d6a6f4ef772d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000309 Title A name given to the resource George Potter with new AV equipment Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource George Potter, Assistant to the President for Academic Affairs and Dean of Faculty, with new AV equipment. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges College administrators Technology Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c6ac92d11184abd91217e4a1671c4320.jpg df1fb23a96049e1fefe54ddb2f2414c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000324 Title A name given to the resource Students in dorm room Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Students in dorm room. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Facilities Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5bb4c5f8c3b82a3aa5451619b036af0a.jpg 72f28a7e36c291d5c93fe1b9eef6be7e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000435 Title A name given to the resource Arthur Hills and Grand Valley Singers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Arthur Hills and Grand Valley Singers. From left to right: Christen Bergland, Arthur Hills, unidentified, Kathryn Tornga, four unidentified individuals. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Events Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6313b03e0f58544f24571fa1647d8296.jpg 677d5f32b6e7a29cc65ac6f227b2d125 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000652 Title A name given to the resource Harry Jellema Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Harry Jellema, Professor of Philosophy. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Faculty Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/77edef09c162b12688658a602c38944b.jpg 298c44f58930bbe48a7e1a74aa7feaa9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001028 Title A name given to the resource Students sitting on balcony of Lake Michigan Hall Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Students sitting on balcony of Lake Michigan Hall. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec84a4c57fb6a0ef5f8726798390fedb.jpg f06d2aba411ef723d8bae83deddd797f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001031 Title A name given to the resource Student reading on bench outside of Seidman House Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Student Linda Van Wyk reading on bench outside of Seidman House. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/11cd74b8490469ef19da5e2578dab31c.pdf 1df268ab2122b30a8f3a3130d1a13343 PDF Text Text )> 0 r- 0 en m l] r- 0 0 "z I )> M--.m.m0;~y )> en en m en en 0~ FIIIdI.--g;s 31: m z -f ,, 0 31: )> (.;. 0 l] r- 0 0 )> F en en C: m en ,,m,, )> 0 ::I z C) -+------- .£.sses III-e.:.~ oI i.Ia.,jor I..-oca.,I Iss-...es 4 ffec~•II.~ i.Ie~ro:poI•~a.,II. I>e~ro•~ 1993 The Community Needs Assessment Partnership �~ tRpM THE DBRA~Y OF e1annmg & Zoning Center, Inc, This is a summary of the needs assessment completed by the Community Needs Assessment Partnership. For a copy of the full report please write to: R. Ropkel United Way for Southeastern Michigan, 1212 Griswold, Detroit, Ml 48226. Or call (31 3)226-9270. 2 -- -- - -- �,,4--u .£..ssessIII.eII.~ o I ~0;jo:r Loc°'I. Iss-...es A:ffec~1...-.g; ~e~ro:.> De-tro:I.~ I.1..~°'.-. Table of Contents Letter from the Chair Executive Summary Community Profile Identified Problems and Ne ds Volunteer Committees �COMMUNITY NEEDS a u • 11 ASSESSMENT PARTNERSHIP PARTNERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS Citizens Research Council of Michigan City of Detroit Mayor's Office Community Foundation for Southeastern Michigan Detroit Economic Growth Corporation As health and human service needs in metropolitan Detroit grow faster than funding sources for programs, it is important to be responsive and make the best possible use of existing resources. With this objective in mind, a group of 19 prominent organizations formed the Community Needs Assessment Partnership (CNAP) last year to cooperatively identify and rate community needs. Detroit Renaissance Inc. Greater Detroit Area Health Council Greater Detroit Chamber of Commerce Hudson -Webber Foundation Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit W. K. Kellogg Foundation McGregor Fund Metro Health Foundation Michigan Department of Social ServicesWayne County New Detroit Inc. SEMCOG, The Southeast Michigan Council of Governments The result of their collaborative efforts is this comprehensive community needs assessment report, which provides a closer look at the problems and needed services in Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties. The findings are based on both factual data and community perceptions of the most pressing local problems. We are pleased to present this report and hope it serves as an effective tool for service providers, funding sources and the community at large. The information provided should be useful for creating programs and developing collaborative efforts and funding requests. Only part the total data collected is presented in this report. The remainder, much of which could be useful for planning purposes, is available, together with technical advice on its use and interpretation. Inquiries should be directed to Ron Ropke at United Way for Southeastern Michigan, 313-226-9270. This is the first time such a comprehensive community needs assessment report has been compiled from a community-wide spectrum of research and resources. We hope our collaborative efforts reduce redundant endeavors and lead to other joint efforts in working together to solve the problems of our community. United Community Services of Metropolitan Detroit United Way for Southeastern Michigan United Way of Oakland County Wayne State University- Center for Urban Studies CHAIR 11~,;~ Sincerely, Edgar A. Scribner Chair Edgar A. Scribner 1212 • GRIS WOLD C C DETROIT, Ml 48226 �---- - - - - - �The Study In early 1992, a coalition of 19 area organizations formed the Community Needs Assessment Partnership to identify and measure problems in the tri-county area. The partnership was created to share information and resources to complete this major analysis of metropolitan Detroit's health and human service needs. Community Profile The focus of the community needs assessment was the Detroit metropolitan area, consisting of Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties. Many of the problems facing the area's residents are closely linked to demographic and economic patterns which developed over many years. Information from a number of demographic, health, and economic sources available to the Partnership was compiled for analysis. Several issues were identified, including: • A fairly stable population over the past 30 years • Population shifts from Detroit and older suburbs to the outer fringe • Relocation of industry and commerce away from the center city • Persistent residential segregation by race • Localized high rates of joblessness, poverty, and crime • Fewer manufacturing jobs Methodology Telephone Survey The needs assessment used the major findings from a representative telephone survey of 1,534 adults aged 18 or older who live in Wayne, Oakland or Macomb County. Analysis was made of the tri-county population by geographic area, age and race. The sample for this survey was obtained in the same proportions as the population defined by 1990 census data. Community Forums Five community forums were held to serve as a catalyst for gathering direct information, while giving the community a chance to participate in the needs assessment process. Unlike the telephone survey, the responses were not expected to be representative of metropolitan Detroit residents. The forums were intended as a spontaneous, indepth complement to the more structured telephone survey. Four public meetings were held in the City of Detroit and in Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties. A session for policymakers was conducted as well. Agency Executive Survey Agency executives also identified community problems. The survey was conducted to consider the unique perspective of human service professionals. The rating of these problems was completed by the Data Committee and data experts, and approved by the Partnership. The results of each research tool was ranked based on perceptions and statistical data. Key findings The result of the research was a list of community problems classified by their perceived severity. Twenty-six problems, appearing below, were ranked as either critical, severe or serious problems. Key Community Problems Faced By Residents Of Wayne, Oakland and Macomb Counties Problem Ratings Critical Problem Areas: • • • • Lack of Jobs Alcoholism/Drug Abuse Crime Lack of Affordable Medical Care Severe Problem Areas: • • • • • • • AIDS Educational Disadvantages/Inadequate Education Family and Individual Stress Family Violence Hunger/Homelessness Racial or Ethnic Discrimination Teenage Pregnancy 5 �Executive Summary continued Serious Problem Areas: • Children/Teens with Behavior Problem • Children/Teens with No Place to live • Housing in Need of Major Repairs • Illiteracy • Lack of Affordable Legal Services • Lack of After School Care • Lack of Opportunity to Affect Community • Lack of Safe/ Affordable Housing • Not Knowing Where to Get Help • Not Taking Care of One's Own Health and Safety • Poor Bus Service • Shortage of Day Care • Shortage of Recreation • Unable to Get Help for Disabled • Unable to Get Help for Elderly Regardless of where survey respondents live, their race or gender, a lack of jobs clearly stood out as the number one problem facing the tri-county community. Alcoholism and drug abuse consistently ranked in the top third of all surveys and second overall. Crime is a concern of tri-county residents, regardless of residence, age, race or gender. Although it is perceived as a critical issue overall, Oakland County respondents ranked it sixth, while Detroit residents rated it as the second most critical problem. The lack of affordable medical care ranked fourth overall. Conclusion ·A Closer Look· provides an overview of the area's shortcomings and shortfalls in meeting community needs. Service providers, funding sources and the community at large can use this information to establish programs, solve problems, and develop collaborative efforts and funding requests. In the future, the Partnership plans to conduct a smaller version of this needs assessment every two years, followed by another comprehensive study every four years. The Partnership believes that the continual flow of information on the most pressing needs will be invaluable to the community and will reduce the need for redundant efforts. With this first community needs assessment, as well as those to be completed in future years, this community is now positioned to work cooperatively to solve its problems. Partnership members are : Citizen's Research Council of Michigan; City of Detroit Mayor's Office; Community Foun· dation for Southeastern Michigan; Detroit Economic Growth Corporation: Detroit Renaissance Inc.; Greater Detroit Area Health Council; Greater Detroit Chamber of Commerce: Hudson-Webber Foundation; Jewish Federation of Metropoli· tan Detroit; W.K. Kellogg Foundation; McGregor Fund; Metro Health Foundation; Michigan Department of Social Services· Wayne County; New Detroit Inc.; Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG); United Community Services of Metropolitan Detroit; United Way for Southea~ern Michigan; United Way of Oakland County, and Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies. ��of Southeastern Michigan The City of Detroit was once the population and employment center of the region. Beginning in the 1950s, however, expanding urban development gradually dispersed the population, resulting in today's fairly even distribution between the central city and surrounding counties. Because of outmigration, the area's total population has remained fairly stable over the past decade at between 3.9 and 4 million persons. A racially and ethnically diverse region overall, the Detroit metropolitan area's population is nonetheless highly segregated . African Americans comprise 76 percent of the City of Detroit's population, while 92 percent of those living in the suburbs are white. Hispanics comprise about 2 percent of the tri-county population, as do Asians, the fastest growing racial/ethnic group. The •baby boom of the 1946-1964 years is the principal factor influencing the age distribution of the area, at least for the white population. Persons born during this period are now in their middle years. The large number of women in this group has resulted in a rise in the number of births which peaked in 1990. The population over 75 is also growing, and will continue to do so. H As the population aged and redistributed itself, major changes were also occurring in the employment picture of the tri-county area. Manufacturing jobs moved from the City of Detroit, some to other states, others to newer facilities in Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties. Blue collar jobs declined, while white collar jobs increased, particularly in retail and wholesale trade, and services. Jobs today are more likely to require high school education or advanced training, and are more likely to exist in small firms. Unfortunately, despite rising average levels of educational attainment, many people in the tri-county area lack the necessary skills to effectively compete for high skill jobs, even in the best of times. These structurally unemployed persons are part of the reason the average unemployment rate since 1970 has been 9.1 percent for the Detroit area, compared to a national rate of 6. 7 percent. Problems closely associated with joblessness are family and individual stress, substance abuse, criminal behavior, and lack of adequate health care. Cost and accessibility are the two main health care problems facing the nation, including Detroit. Uninsured persons, as many as two-thirds of whom are employed, often delay needed treatment, thus compromising their health. The added costs of emergency and other health services resulting from this lack of preventive medicine also puts stress on the health care delivery system, and thus affects everyone, not just the poor. In sum, Detroit and its suburbs in Southeastern Michigan have developed into communities with different needs and different resources. The aging central city, along with industrial centers such as Pontiac, have lost many of the factories on which local incomes depended. The suburbs gained in jobs and population, while the older urban centers were left with a disproportionate share of social and economic problems. Against this backdrop, the Community Needs Assessment Partnership was formed to search for a common understanding. 7 a �Id~II.~1-~1-~d P r obI~m.s Ea,II.d N~~ds �P:robl.e:r.n.111 Problem Ratings Critical Problem Area: • Lack of Jobs • Alcoholism/Drug Abuse • Crime • Lack of Affordable Medical Care Severe Problem Area: • AIDS • Educational Disadvantages/Inadequate Education • Family and Individual Stress • Family Violence • Hunger/Homelessness • Racial or Ethnic Discrimination • Teenage Pregnancy Serious Problem Area: • Children/Teens with Behavior Problem • Children/Teens with No Place to Live • Housing in Need of Major Repairs • Illiteracy • Lack of Affordable Legal Services • Lack of After School Care • Lack of Opportunity to Affect Community • Lack of Safe/ Affordable Housing • Not Knowing Where to Get Help • Not Taking Care of One's Own Health and Safety • Poor Bus Service • Shortage of Day Care • Shortage of Recreation • Unable to Get Help for Disabled • Unable to Get Help for Elderly 8 �P::robl.eIII.s ~°'t :Ln..g:: U r iti..c8'I. Lack of jobs for people/ Someone u nemployed There is a high level of agreement over the critical nature of this problem. The lack of jobs is cited as the problem with the highest ranking in the majority of surveys. Social problems such as crime, alcohol/drug abuse, unaffordable health care, stress, hunger and homelessness and illiteracy, etc., in many instances can be directly linked to the lack of jobs. Unemployment has impacted the tri-county area through plant closings and labor and location shifts. Employment levels have been impacted by the lack of skilled workers needed to function in this technically focused society. Alcoholism or drug abuse/ an alcohol o r drug problem This problem was consistently ranked in the top third in all surveys and second overall. Substance abuse is closely linked with crime, child abuse and neglect, domestic violence, homelessness, AIDS, high risk pregnancy, malnutrition, family and neighborhood disintegration, fetal alcohol syndrome, and crack and cocaineaddicted babies. At the same time, substance abuse complicates the delivery of many human services. Crime Crime is a critical problem in the community. Survey results show that the impact of crime is viewed somewhat uniformly and that tri-county residents, regardless of age, ethnicity or gender perceive criminal activity as a critical issue. Lack of affordable medical care/ Not being able to get medical care or medicine The results of the various surveys demonstrate high level of agreement on the critical nature of this problem. Health care cost continue to rise. In the early 1990s more than one-third of all Americans have no health insurance or inadequate health insurance. Rnancial constraints often mean that those without insurance are prematurely discharged from in-patient settings or are denied hospital services totally. ~°'t:Ln..g;: ~eve r e AIDS In the_ telephone s~rvey, Oakland and Macomb responses ranked this problem area 1~ the to~ third of the ~~mmunity problems, while Wayne County ranked it in the middle third and Detroit 1n the lower third. AIDS was ranked third overall by 9 �Problems continued participants in the community forums. However, it was ranked in the middle third of the problems surveyed by participants in the Detroit forum. Although AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) can be prevented, the incidence of these problems is increasing. The fastest rate of increase is among adolescents and women. The financial strain to our nation of treating primary and secondary diseases related to AIDS and STDs is rapidly growing. Educational disadvantages/Inadequate education Education or school related issues ranked third among the additional problems mentioned in response to the open-ended questions during the telephone surveys. In a list combining additional problems with those originally presented to forum participants, lack of quality education ranked 12th, just below illiteracy. Agency executive respondents ranked education among the top third of unmet community needs. The significance of educational quality to the area's economic and social condition is recognized by community leaders and the public at large. The high dropout rates for inner city youth add to the problem of chronic joblessness, and economic opportunity is severely restricted by low educational performances. Family and individual stress/ Mental illness or emotional problems/Having a lot of anxiety or depression There is a high degree of agreement over anxiety, stress and depression as the number one household problem in the telephone survey. Mental illness and emotional problems are ranked lower as a community problem. Family or individual stress is related to a number of issues, including family instability, poverty, separation of family members, unemployment, substance abuse, teen pregnancy, divorce, family violence, economic conditions, financial insecurity, mental illness, delinquency and caring for people with disabilities. Family Violence, such as abuse of children or adults/violence in the household Based on the survey results, the group most likely to perceive family violence as a problem in their community (though not necessarily in their own homes) are white women, 30-59 years of age. Family violence is known by many terms "domestic violence, spouse abuse, child neglect or abuse, and the abuse of elderly parents." Many other problems have a direct relation to such abuse including alcohol/drug abuse, crime, and unemployment, which were ranked as the top three problem areas. Social research has demonstrated that "abusers" have frequently been abused them.selves. Hunger or Homelessness/Not having enough money for basic needs, such as rent, food or clothing The surveys suggest there is less consensus over the relative importance of "Hunger or Homelessness" as a community problem than there is over "not having enough money for basic needs ... " as a household problem. Many services have been affected by the economy, changes in the Department of Social Services policies, cuts in state and federal spending and the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill. �Problems continued Racial or Ethnic Discrimination .. tt appears that discrimination is perceived differently in different communities and by different populations. The specific rankings by geogr~phy, age, and gender show a wide range of importance being attached to this problem area by different groups. Teenage Pregnancy The telephone survey and community forums differ on the relative importance of teenage pregnancy as a problem area. The telephone survey ranke~ teenage pregnancy in the upper third of the problem areas and the community forums . ranked it in the bottom third. Teen pregnancy may be related to and/or result 1n problems such as substance abuse, educational disadvantages, abuse and neglect, children in crisis, family and individual stress, inadequate housing and economic stresses. I&~"tiilp;: 8e:ri.o-...s Children or teenagers wHh behavior or emotional problems Respondents ranked this problem in the lower third of the household survey problems. "Children or teenagers with behavior or emotional problems" was only asked on the household problem survey. In this part of the survey, respondents were read the problem statement and asked "Is it a problem for your household?" Because of the nature of this question, respondents may have been unwilling to admit to, or label their youth as having behavior or emotional problems. Children or teens with no place to live. This problem statement ranked in the lower third of all problem areas. The problem area addresses the fact that in many cases children are unable to live with their parents and runaway or become state wards and are placed in foster care or are awaiting adoption. Living in housing that needs major repairs Telephone survey respondents and agency executives ranked this problem in the upper third of household problems. Community forum participants ranked it in the lower third. Not all geographic areas or populations are uniformly affected by this problem. The relative age of the housing, owner occupancy vs. renter occupancy and available income for needed repairs all impact on this problem area. Illiteracy/Someone being unable to read, write or speak English well enough to get along This problem area ranked in the lower third of the problems names in the telephone surveys. Community forums ranked this problem area in the middle third of the probl~ms su~eyed, and frequently cited the "lack of quality education" as a problem 1mpact1ng on the community. Agency executives also consider the 11 �Problems continued need for educa tion to be a serious problem. Illiteracy and/or lack of quality education are key factors in many community problems including "lack of jobs." Lack of affordable legal services/Not being able to get legal help In the telephone survey, the lack of affordable legal services and not being able to get legal help ranked in the middle third of the problems surveyed . Detroit and Macomb counties ranked these problems higher than Wayne or Oakland counties. It ranked in the bottom third of the problems surveyed by community forum participants and by agency executives. Individuals unable to pay for a private attorney often lack the capacity to protect themselves from exploitation and are often unable to effectively act in physical abuse and other family situations. Lack of after-school care/Not being able to find or afford after-school care The telephone and agency executive surveys ranked this problem area in the middle third of the problems surveyed. The community forums ranked it in the lower third . The lack of opportunities for children and youth may lead to delinquency, substance abuse, early child bearing, chronic unemployment, poverty and mental illness. Lack of opportunity for people to affect what happens in the community In the telephone surveys Wayne, Oakland and Macomb County responses ranked this problem in the middle third of the problems affecting the community. Detroit respondents rank this problem area in the upper third of the problems surveyed. It was ranked in the middle third of the problems surveyed in the community forums, however, Detroit forum participants ranked this problem area last. Agency executives ranked planning and coordination services in the middle third of the problems areas surveyed . The ability to affect what happens in the community relates to a variety of issues including housing, recreation, crime and neighborhood development. Lack of clean, safe, affordable housing/Not enough room in your house for all the people who live there Not all geographic areas are uniformly affected by the lack of clean, safe, affordable housing. Factors such as the relative age and condition of existing housing, the respondent's occupational status, income and number of dependents are also likely to influence the results. Telephone survey respondents ranked this area much lower than community forum participants and agency executives. Not knowing where to get help when you need it There appears to be a high degree of agreement among telephone survey r~ spondents in ranking "not knowing where to go to get help" in the upper third of a �Problems continued the household problems surveyed. The lower ranking of this problem area among community forum participants and agency e~ecuti~es may stem from a larger degree of familiarity on their part with the service delivery system . People not taking proper care of their own health or safety There is a lack of consensus among various respondents on the relative importance of this problem area. Michigan ranks first in death rates for several chronic d iseases. Three conditions-heart disease, cancer and stroke can be linked to preventable risk factors. Health promotion, prevention and education activities, and the proper care of one's health can help reduce premature death from preventable causes. Poor bus service Poor bus service was ranked as the number three community problem overall by respondents over 60 years of age. Community forum participants and agency executives ranked this problem area in the top third of the problems surveyed. The lack of transportation can be a barrier to securing needed services. Shortage of day care for young children/ Not being able to find or afford child care This problem area ranked in the middle third overall. The cost and the inability to access quality day care for children can be deterrents to employment and force some families to choose welfare over work. Families where parents are employed in low to moderate income jobs find that day care costs consume a relatively high percentage of their income. Shortage of recreational facillties or programs/ Not being able to find recreational activities for a household member Telephone survey respondents ranked this problem in the bottom third of the community survey, but in the middle third of household problems. Both problem statements ranked in the top third in the City of Detroit. Forum participants ranked this problem in the bottom third overall, but community forum participants in Wayne and Macomb counties ranked this problem in the middle third. More than half of the agency executives rated this problem as somewhat serious to very serious. The fact that residents of Detroit ranked this problem higher than others may stem from budget cuts, related recreation center closings and the high number of persons under 18 who live in Detroit and have need for these types of activities. The lack of sufficient or appropriate recreational opportunities for youth may result in delinquency, substance abuse, sexual experimentation and vandalism. Inadequate socialization and recreation opportunities may lead to social tsolation of the elderly, disabled, minorities and populations with special needs. Not being able to get services or other help for someone with a disabillty or serious illness Telephone survey respondents ranked this problem in the middle third of the household problems surveyed, as did community forum participants. Respite and/or 13 �Problems continued adult day care for persons with physical disabilities were ranked as somewhat serious problems by slightly less than two-thirds of the agency executives. Accessibility to and availability of affordable resources are key issues. Lack of door-todoor transportation and insufficient funding for services to persons with disabilities may result in further disability. The future impact of the "Americans with Disabilities Act" on persons with disabilities is yet to be determined. Not being able to get services or other help for an elder1y person Telephone survey respondents ranked this problem in the middle third of the household problems. The rating of the problem increased as the age of the respondents increased, with the problem ranking first with respondents age t1J and over. It was rated in the middle third of the problems surveyed in community forums, except in Macomb County where it was ranked in the bottom third. Agency executives did not agree on the rating of the problem area, with about one-third rating it as not very serious and another third rating it as somewhat serious. Acquiring services for the elderly impacts both elderly persons and their caregivers, who are often their adult children. As the number of persons over age 65 continues to increase, the demand for in-home services as alternatives to institutionalization are likely to increase. 14 As of February 1993 0 �wwws �With Special Thanks to Volunteer Leadership We gratefully acknowledge the time and energy involved in making this report possible. During the past year, the volunteers listed below have spent countless hours on the community needs assessment project. Community Needs Assessment Partnership Myron L. Liner, Ed.D. Vice President - Agency Relations United Way for Southeastern Michigan* Michael Martinez Director of Planning United Way of Oakland County* fdgar A. Scribner, Chairman President Metropolitan Detroit AFL-CIO Council Mariam C. Noland President Community Foundation for Southeastern Michigan* ~amuel Chambers Jr. Director Michigan Department of Social Services - Wayne County W. Calvin Patterson Ill Executive Director McGregor Fund td Fleishmann Detroit Renaissance Inc. Robert L. Queller Vice President-Executive Director Citizens Research Council of Michigan Robert Guerrini Vice President, Business Services Greater Detroit Chamber of Commerce Paul Hubbard President New Detroit Inc.* Gilbert Hudson President Hudson Webber Foundation* Gerald K. Smith Associate Program Director W.K. Kellogg Foundation* Robert W. Spencer President The Detroit Economic Growth Corporation Paul Tait Deputy Executive Director Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Dr. James B. Kenney Pre~dent and CEO Greater Detrort• Area Health Council Glenn F. Kossick fxecutive Director Metro Health Foundation* Dr.lorry ledebur Duector ~enter for Urban Studies avne State University a Dr. James E. Weathers Executive Assistant to the Mayor City of Detroit Geneva Jones Williams President and CEO United Community Services of Metropolitan Detroit Larry Ziff er Director of Planning Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit* *Financial contributors 15 �Volunteer Committees continued Community Needs Assessment Partnership Data Committee Paul Good, co-chair Research Director Citizens Research Council of Michigan Dr. Mary Sengstock, co-chair Professor of Sociology Wayne State University Paul Ballew Economist Economic Research Division Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Paul Moore Director of Operations Analysis Michigan Department of Social Services - Wayne County Neva Naham Program Director Survey and Evaluation Services Center for Urban Studies Wayne State University Mark Neithercut Director Michigan Metro Information Center Wayne State University Patricia C. Becker Senior Research Associate Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Dr. Juliette Okoti-Eboh Chief, Social Planning and Development Assistant Planning Department City of Detroit Abel Feinstein Economist Michigan Employment Security Commission Gary Petroni Director of Research Greater Detroit Area Health Council Lindson Feun, Ph.D. Consultant - Research and Evaluation Oakland Schools James B. Rogers Manager of Data Center Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Andrew Gatewood Director of Research United Community Services of Metropolitan Detroit Ron Ropke Director of Data Services and Community Needs Assessment Partnership United Way for Southeastern Michigan Phyllis Johnson Associate Program Director W.K. Kellogg Foundation Vincent Kountz U.S. Bureau of the Census CAPP Winston Lang Director Human Rights Department City of Detroit Michael Martinez Director of Planning United Way of Oakland County 16 Wade Shull Economist Michigan Employment Security Commission Jack Steiner Research Director Greater Detroit Chamber of Commerce Steve Van Der Ploeg Manager Economic Analysis Michigan Bell Telephone co. Horacio Vargas Jr. Assistant to the President New Detroit Inc. �Volunteer Committees continued community Needs Assessment Partnership communications Committee Jomes August, co-chair President ~tone, August, Baker Communications Companies Geneva Jones Williams, co-chair President and CEO United Community Services of Metropolitan Detroit unda Clark ~upervisor, Public Access ~arden Cablevision Joe Cobb Regional Vice President Chilton Publishing Charlotte Dubin Communications Director Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Renee Farris Director, Community and Technical Assistance iew Detroit Inc. Michelle Hicks Agency Relations Associate United Way for Southeastern Michigan Jan Hubbard Marketing Communications Director nited Way of Oakland County Daphne Hughes News Manager WDIV, Channel 4 Gail A. Kaess Senior Research Analyst Wayne County Glenn F. Kossick Executive Director Metro Health Foundation Melissa Motschall Director, Communications Center for Urban Studies Wayne State University Georgella Muirhead Director of the Department of Public Information City of Detroit Tom Pride Associate Vice President-Communications Health Alliance Plan Alvina Ramsey Deputy Director of Community Funding and Technical Assistance New Detroit Inc. Donn Shelton Director of Communications Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Mary Solomon Smyka Assistant Director-Communications United Way for Southeastern Michigan Horacio Vargas, Jr. Assistant to the President New Detroit Inc. Patricia Williams-Taitt Communications Director Detroit COMPACT 17 �Volunteer Committees continued Community Needs Assessment Partnership Steering Committee Members Edgar A. Scribner, Chair President Metropolitan Detroit AFL-CIO Council W. Calvin Patterson Ill Executive Director McGregor Fund Paul Hubbard President New Detroit Inc. Dr. James E. Weathers Executive Assistant to the Mayor Glenn K. Kossick Executive Director Metropolitan Health Foundation Michael Martinez Director of Planning United Way of Oakland County 18 Geneva Jones Williams President and CEO United Community Services of Metropolitan Detroit Larry Ziffer Director of Planning Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit �Special thanks to the following individuals who wrote or played other major roles in preparing this report: Survey Summaries & Methodology Undo Remington Community Profile Patricia Becker Abel Feinstein Gary Petroni Paul Good Mary C. Sengstock Graphic Design/Layout Rebecca Turner Editing Mary Solomon Smyka Elaine Mccree Michelle Hicks Ron Repke Typing Cathy Jackson Gwen McNeal Joyce Sampson 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Detroit_Findings-Summary_1993 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Community Needs Assessment Partnership Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993 Title A name given to the resource A Closer Look: Summary of Findings Description An account of the resource A Closer Look, A Summary of Findings: An Assessment of Major Local Issues Affecting Metropolitan Detroit was prepared in 1993 by the Community Needs Assessment Partnership. Subject The topic of the resource Sociology report Detroit, Michigan Wayne County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c5eb8ba474850bf783559d9fae3ca2ae.pdf cbcb0c74e18d7cafb5e5e75a9c608ea4 PDF Text Text THE CITY OF ALBION COMPREHENSIVE PLAN •0 H SEPTEMBER 2022 �RESOLUTION #2022-33 TO APPROVE THE CITY OF ALBION COMMUNITY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN WHEREAS, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act ("MPEA," PA 33 of 2008) authorizes municipal planning commissions to prepare a "comprehensive plan" pertinent to the future development of the municipality; and WHEREAS , the City of Albion Planning Commission has prepared a proposed comprehensive plan for the City of Albion , to update and replace its previous community comprehensive plan , meeting all statutory requirements set forth in the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the City of Albion City Council authorized the distribution of the proposed City of Albion Community Comprehensive Plan to the general public and the various entities listed in the MPEA, for review and comment purposes; and WHEREAS, the proposed City of Albion Community Comprehensive Plan was made available to the various entities and the general public as required by the MPEA; and WHEREAS, a public hearing was held by the City of Albion Planning Commission on July 19, 2022 pursuant to notice as required by the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the City of Albion Planning Commission finds that the proposed City of Albion Community Comprehensive Plan is desirable and proper and furthers the land use and development goals and strategies of the City of Albion; NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Albion Planning Commission hereby resolves to approve the proposed City of Albion Community Comprehensive Plan as submitted for the public hearing , including all the text, charts , tables, maps, and descriptive and other matter therein intended by the Planning Commission to form the complete Comprehensive Plan, including the Future Land Classification Map. Motion by Planning Com& Commission Member ~ n Member and supported by Planning / ~ to approve the foregoing resolution . I hereby certify that the resolution adopted on September 20 , 2022 , in a regula r session of the Albion Planning Commission, and this is a true copy of the resolution . Ayes Nays Absent -&- 3 September 20 , 2022 �ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CITY COUNCIL PLANNING COMMISSION Victoria Snyder, Mayor Victoria Snyder, Mayor Donivan Williams, Precinct 1 Lenn Reid, Council Member* Lenn Reid, Precinct 2 Sharon Ponds Nora Jackson, Precinct 3 Joseph Verbeke Marcola Lawler, Precinct 4 George Strander* Vivian Davis, Precinct 5 Albert Amos Andrew French, Precinct 6 Mark Lelle* Linda LaNoue, Precinct 5 (former) Tom Pitt* Shane Williamson, Precinct 6 (former) Scott Kipp COMPREHENSIVE PLAN STEERING COMMITTEE Lenn Reid, Council Member Linda LaNoue, Former Council Member Haley Snyder, City Manager Ian Arnold, Director of Planning & Building Amy Deprez, Albion Economic Development Corporation George Strander Mark Lelle Tom Pitt *Planning Commission members on the Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee B R (J) Beckett&Raeder �List of Figures Figure 1: Population, 2020 Figure 2: Population Trend, 1940-2020 Figure 3: Population Change: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2010-2020 Figure 4: Population Change: Calhoun County & Surrounding Counties, 2010-2020 Figure 5: Racial Composition Albion & Calhoun County, 2020 Figure 6: Age Distribution, 2019 Figure 7: Households, 2019 Figure 8: Households by Type, 2019 Figure 9: Education, 2019 Figure 10: Veteran Status, 2019 Figure 11: Disability, 2019 Figure 12: Median Income, 2019 Figure 13: Median Earnings, 2019 Figure 14: Median Income in Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Figure 15: Households with Income Below $25,000, 2019 Figure 16: Employment Status, 2019 Figure 17: Employment Change, 2019 Figure 18: Commuting Patterns, 2019 Figure 19: Poverty, 2019 Figure 20: Housing Diversity, 2019 Figure 21: Median Housing Value, 2019 Figure 22: Housing Units, 2019 Figure 23: Housing Units by Type, 2019 Figure 24: Housing Occupancy Status, 2019 Figure 25: Housing Tenure, 2019 Figure 26: Age of Housing, 2019 Figure 27: Housing Costs, 2019 Figure 28: Missing Middle Housing Figure 29: Commute Modes, 2019 Figure 30: Vehicles Available, 2019 Figure 31: Employment Status: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Figure 32: Unemployment Rate: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Figure 33: Employment Status by Age, 2019 Figure 34: Employment Status by Race & Origin, 2019 Figure 35: Employment Status by Disability, Poverty Level, & Gender, 2019 Figure 36: Employment Status by Educational Attainment, 2019 Figure 37: Employment by Industry, 2010-2019 Figure 38: Calhoun County Economic Trends by Industry, 2014-2019 List of Tables Table 1: List of Stakeholders Table 2: Green Infrastructure Methods Table 3: Parkland Inventory Table 4: Area of Wetlands Table 5: PASER Rating Table 6: Complete Street Enhancements Along Major Corridors Table 7: Employment by Industry – Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Table 8: Workforce Qualification, 2019 Table 9: Existing Land Use Table 10: Zoning Plan List of Maps Map 1: Regional Map Map 2: Impervious Surfaces Map 2: Tree Canopy Coverage Map 3: Parkland Map 4: Watershed Map 5: FEMA-Designated Floodplains Map 6: Wetlands Map 7: National Functional Classification Map 8: PASER, 2016-2019 Map 9: Traffic Crashes, 2016-2020 Map 10: Corridors Map 11: RRC Redevelopment Sites Map 12: Existing Land Use Map 13: Zoning Map 14: Future Land Use 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 21 36 36 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 46 12 25 26 30 34 40 44 45 53 58 8 23 24 27 29 29 30 33 34 35 38 47 52 55 57 �TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND 6 2. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 10 3. COMMUNITY PROFILE 13 4. HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS 18 5. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 22 6. TRANSPORTATION & CIRCULATION 31 7. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 41 8. LAND USE 51 9. IMPLEMENTATION 59 APPENDIX 73 �BACKGROUND Image Source: City of Albion 6 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 1 �WHAT IS A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN? Albion’s Comprehensive Plan is a strategic document that guides the City in future decision making concerning land-use planning and social, economic, and environmental development. It studies the City’s history, evaluates present conditions, and gathers public input to provide a framework for future growth and development. Essentially a policy document, the comprehensive plan inventories Albion’s strengths and assets, as well as recognizes opportunities for growth and improvement, and provides a direct link between community preferences and policy. It also identifies the community’s vision, defines holistic goals that help achieve that vision, and steers the City towards a sustainable future. ALBION’S COMPREHENSIVE PLAN: 2022 UPDATE The Michigan Planning Enabling Act (PA 33 of 2008) requires a municipality to review its Comprehensive Plan every five years for relevance. Consistent with the requirements of the Act, in 2021 the City of Albion initiated a process to update its 2017 Comprehensive Plan. This 2022 update to the Comprehensive Plan aims to develop a succinct policy document which captures the current realities and future vision of the City and includes the following: » An analysis of latest demographic data describing the changes that have taken place in Albion over the past five years. » A summary of emerging trends within the City and the region. » A demographic dashboard that ties data to planning outcomes and action plan strategies. » A collection of maps and spatial analyses for each element of the plan. » A discussion of future land use categories and how they tie into community goals. » An overview of specific goals with actions tied to metrics, time frames, responsible parties, and potential resources. » A list of priority redevelopment sites. » A graphic representation of data and planning concepts. Another key component of this Comprehensive Plan update is community engagement. The process involved several community engagement methods including a community survey, youth engagement with college students, a stakeholder survey, and a community visioning session, which all helped to gain perspective on the needs and preferences of all of Albion’s citizenry. The input gained from these methods lays the foundation for this plan and has been documented and synthesized throughout the Plan. This updated Comprehensive Plan was adopted following a 63-day review and comment period and a public hearing. Relationship to the Zoning Ordinance The Comprehensive Plan is not a binding agreement but rather a planning framework. The Zoning Ordinance, on the other hand, is local land use law. The Zoning Ordinance is a set of regulations that provide the details and exacting specifications of how and where development will occur, and it is regulated by the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act (PA 110 of 2006). The MZEA requires a direct relationship between these two documents: the Comprehensive Plan supports the Zoning Ordinance, and the Zoning Ordinance implements the Comprehensive Plan. Only when the two documents are in sync can they serve as effective planning tools. Data Sources The demographic information in this Plan came from the following sources, in this preferred order: » 2020, 2010, 2000, and 1990 US Decennial Censuses. The decennial censuses are the most accurate source of demographic information in the United States, though the information is limited. Mandated by the United States Constitution, the aim of the decennial census is to count 100% of the US population. Because the decennial census has been operating since 1790, it offers a valuable reference point to illustrate how populations have changed over time. While the decennial census has been Background | 7 �administered for over 200 years, the questions have shifted to reflect cultural changes. For example, one’s history of rebellion against the United States is no longer a question on the form. Information collected in the most recent counts includes information about age, sex, race, the relationship between household members, and household tenure. » American Community Survey. The American Community Survey (ACS) replaced the “longform” Census questions beginning in 2000, collecting the same types of information about social, economic, and housing conditions on a continual basis. Including these questions in the decennial census would be more resourceintensive and could reduce the response rate for the more critical decennial census. The ACS is not a complete survey of the United States but a sample. A random selection of households receives the ACS every year, and the Census Bureau uses the responses to create estimates for the rest of the population. Map 1: Regional Map O tseg o An tri m Al p en a M on tm oren cy Leel a n a u K a l ka ska G ra n d Tra verse B en zi e C ra wford +~. i M a n i stee M a son Wexford La ke I M i ssa u kee O sceol a O cea n a R oscom m on l 1 I osco r() Aren a c G l a dL" wi n C l a re M ecosta i O g em a w M i dl an d I sa b el l a l ·---;--------, Tu scol '• a ;------- M on tca l m M u skeg on r'~ O tta wa t· Sagi n aw G ra ti ot i l ,~· K en t I on i a G ra n d R a p i d s C l i n ton i B a rry K a l a m a zoo Va n B u ren K a l a m a zoo La p eer G en esee B a ttl e C reek • C a l h ou n 1 l_ Li vi "i' n g...ston I n gh am Ja ckson •i S t. C l a i r S h i a wa ssee · It. E a ton San i l ac J La n si n g Al l eg a n H u ron B ay N ewa yg o j MIa com b O a kl a n d I ' f Ja ckson D etroi t An n Arb or Wa yn e Wa sh ten a w I C i ty of Al b i on C a l h ou n C ou n ty C a ss S t. Josep h B ra n ch H i l l sd a l e Len a wee 8 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan The Potawatomi (“People of the Place of the Fire”) were the original inhabitants of the land that Albion occupies today. The recorded history of present-day Albion began in 1821 with the Treaty of Chicago, where 55 Potawatomi chiefs signed the treaty that granted their land to the United States.1 Albion’s first settlers arrived in 1833. These visionaries formed a land development company called the Albion Company—from which the City draws its name. In 1835, Methodist settlers established Albion College, a private college that has emerged as a major employer and economic driver. In 1855, Albion was incorporated as a village, and as a city in 1885. The City of Albion, which is 4.5 square miles, is located along the I-94 corridor in the eastern portion of Calhoun County. The City is bordered largely by Sheridan Township to the north and Albion Township to the south. The City of Marshall, county seat of Calhoun County, lies approximately 12 miles west of Albion. Al con a O scod a SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY Location C h a rl evoi x Leel a n a u Because the ACS is a sample, smaller communities require multiple years of sampling to create accurate estimates. Communities with fewer than 20,000 people must be sampled over 60 months to create estimates, and these estimates are referred to as 5-year estimates. This plan will use ACS 5-year estimates, as Albion’s population is under 20,000 people. D a taroe S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n M on C ou n ty G I S 0 1 2. 5 25 M i l es Throughout its history, Albion’s location and access to transportation networks have been strategic assets that propelled its growth. Albion was founded at the forks of the Kalamazoo River—the confluence of the river’s north and south branches. During its early period as an agrarian economy, the river provided power for various mills that located on or near “the Forks.” Through the 19th and 20th centuries, the City’s steel facilities and foundries transported goods and products along the Chicago Road and two railroads. In 1844, the arrival of the Michigan Central Road brought with it an influx of industry and population. Another railroad, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad, was completed in 1872. In the mid-20th century, transportation was expedited by two major interstate highways – I-94 and I-69. �Downtown Albion. Source: City of Albion Albion is within a short driving distance of several regional and major metropolitan centers within Michigan and the Great Lakes area. Via the interstate highway system, Albion is only 15 miles from Jackson, 20 miles from Battle Creek, 40 miles from Lansing, 47 miles from Kalamazoo, and 53 miles from Ann Arbor. On a larger scale, it is 86 miles from Grand Rapids, 91 miles from Detroit, 93 miles from Fort Wayne, 98 miles from Toledo, 175 miles from Chicago, and 190 miles from Cleveland. In addition, Interstate 94 provides convenient access to international markets in Canada. The City of Albion is positioned between three international airports: 43 miles south of the Capital Region International Airport in Lansing, 46 miles east of Kalamazoo-Battle Creek International Airport, and 77 miles west of Detroit Metropolitan International Airport. Economic History Like many cities throughout the Midwest, Great Lakes, and northeastern regions of the United States, Albion suffered the effects of deindustrialization. The City’s economy has fundamentally changed with shifts that have taken place in domestic manufacturing and specifically in the automotive industry. Since 2001, Albion has lost nearly 1,000 jobs in manufacturing, healthcare, and retail. This economic shift has caused a reduction in real and personal property tax revenue and an increase in vacant or under-utilized industrial spaces. While no single industry has replaced the jobs and taxes generated by the automotive suppliers, several sectors have emerged in Albion with the potential of bringing new vitality to the local/ regional economy and community. These include small-to-medium sized manufacturing, craft production facilities, and alternative energy such as solar power. Furthermore, the existing industrial park is at capacity, and the City is currently in the process in designing a second industrial park to better allow for incoming industries. Albion College is an anchor institution in the City. The College employs hundreds of faculty and staff, and there are roughly 1,500 students who attend Albion College. Having a higher-education facility within City boundaries is uncommon for a small municipality in rural Michigan, and both the City and the College are dependent on each other for success. SOURCE 1 History. The City of Albion. 2020. https://www.cityofalbionmi.gov/residents/city_at_a_glance/history.php Background | 9 �COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 2 A key element of this Comprehensive Plan Update was community engagement. The community engagement program was quite extensive and had four main components: a community survey, a youth input session, a stakeholder input survey, and a community visioning session. Each engagement method is summarized below; full results for each method are in the Appendix. 10 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �COMMUNITY SURVEY The Albion Comprehensive Plan Survey garnered a total of 116 respondents, and the City distributed the survey through a variety of methods (social media, posting on the City’s website, announced at a Council meeting, included in an Albion College e-newsletter, and promoted through word of mouth). In terms of the demographics of survey respondents, the survey was well-represented in terms of age and households with children. It was less racially representative, though a significant number of respondents declined to indicate their race. Regarding housing tenure status, renters were clearly underrepresented. Responses to survey questions are dispersed through the Plan where relevant, and a full analysis of the survey results is in the Appendix. YOUTH INPUT On Tuesday, November 30, 2021, the City invited Albion College students to participate in Comprehensive Plan engagement exercises. The program included a brief overview of comprehensive planning, a scenario planning group activity, a survey, and asset mapping. The scenario planning activity consisted of blocks that represented land use typologies. Students were asked to “design” a city which captured two different land use scenarios: 1) designing their “dream” city where they would like to live, and 2) redesigning their “dream” city based on a list of constraints. Results highlighted a preference for mixed-use spaces in the center of the community with commercial corridors radiating outward. Other common themes included neighborhoods with denser housing and larger open spaces. The relationship between denser neighborhoods and more open/public space was a clear trend amongst the groups. The youth survey asked about students’ plans after graduation, and a total of 19 people completed the survey. Roughly 88% of students plan to leave the community after graduation to either pursue higher education or live in a different/bigger city. When asked what are the top characteristics of a community in which the students want to live, the top three results were housing options, higher paying jobs, and retail and entertainment variety. Students were also asked if they would ever consider returning to the community – 13% responded that they would and 40% were unsure. A full analysis of the youth survey results is in the Appendix. Students also completed an asset mapping activity where they identified locations for “strengths,” “weaknesses,” and “opportunities” in Albion. Highlights included an indication that downtown Albion has many strengths and opportunities. There was also a strong indication that the students see the parks and recreation features of Albion as a strength. Interestingly, most of the weaknesses that students identified were around the Albion College Campus, indicating that perhaps students are more familiar with the areas around the College. The youth engagement session included asset mapping (left) and a scenario planning activity (right). Community Engagement | 11 �Table 1: List of Stakeholders LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS Albion Economic Development Corporation Albion Downtown Development Authority Albion College Albion Healthcare Alliance Albion Housing Commission Albion / Marshall Public Schools Senior Millage Allocation Committee Calhoun County Senior Services AmeriCorps VISTA Folks Senior Center Local business owners Local nonprofit organizations Calhoun County Land Bank Authority Calhoun County Board of Commissioners Southcentral Michigan Planning Council Michigan Works! Habitat for Humanity Michigan Economic Development Corporation Michigan Department of Transportation USDA Rural Development Albion Community Foundation Greater Albion Chamber of Commerce Calhoun County Community Action Local health services STAKEHOLDER INPUT COMMUNITY VISIONING The City sent key stakeholders a survey which asked their opinions on the goals from the previous Comprehensive Plan. There was a total of 19 participants, and the list of stakeholders included a range of interests including: City, County, and State organizations/departments; education and health institutions; economic development organizations, and local business owners and nonprofits (full list in the table titled “List of Stakeholders”). Specifically, the survey asked participants if the goal should remain in the updated Comprehensive Plan, be changed, or be removed. The City used the results and input from this survey to update and modify the City’s goals. The City held a community visioning session on Wednesday, February 16, 2022 that was open to the public. The program included a brief overview of the comprehensive planning process, visioning exercises, and asset mapping. The visioning exercises asked participants to work in small groups to answer the following questions: 1) what is one word or phrase that describes Albion now?; 2) what has Albion done well over the last five years?; and 3) ideally, what does Albion look like in ten years? After each question, every group shared their top three results with the entire group. At the end, participants voted on their “collective priorities” for the future of Albion, and the top choices were strongly geared toward the City’s youth. Participants also did the same asset mapping activity as the youth session, identifying “strengths,” “weaknesses,” and “opportunities” in Albion. Similar to the students, the participants of the visioning session identified downtown Albion as the area with the most strengths and opportunities. Parks and recreation areas were also a significant share of the strengths that participants identified. Identified weaknesses focused on the appearance and conditions of the City, including trash, homes in disrepair, and poor infrastructure conditions. Community visioning session participants. 12 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �COMMUNITY PROFILE 3 Delicious and Refreshing 5~ j BRELIEVES FATIGUE •• •• 5 -SOLD_ EVERYWHERE ¢ A thorough understanding of Albion’s demographic and socioeconomic trends is imperative to identify growth and development challenges and the changing needs and preferences of the citizenry, which in turn aids decision-makers in an equitable planning process. The data presented in this section is sourced from the US Census and the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (years are noted in chart titles). Community Profile | 13 �DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Figure 1: Population, 2020 Figure 2: Population Trend, 1940-2020 S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 29 Mile 28 Mile 7,700 94 W 94 E l l i ot t Wa tson I == C l a rk M i ch n C l i n ton H u ron I on i a R i ver H av 8,616 7,700 2,000 n H an n ah si o 0 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey r 9,144 4,000 D i vi E ri e Ash 10,066 8,345 6,000 i gan C a ss I rwi n Pi n e B u rr O a k B erri en Al b i on si o D i vi si on 11,059 8,000 N orth ei n S u p eri or B u rst 12,112 10,406 10,000 B roa d wel l I n d u stri a l D i vi 12,000 M apl e B 12,749 14,000 7 1940 en 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 B Al b Since the 1960s, Albion has experienced a steady decline in population; between 2010 and 2020, the population dropped by 10.6%. However, ESRI Business Analyst projects that the City’s population will rise to 8,136 persons by 2026, an increase of 5.6%. i on As of 2020, Albion has a total population of 7,700. AL B I O N TO WN S H I P C i ty of Al b i on D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 8 0. 5 5 M i l es Figure 3: Population Change: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2010-2020 City of Albion 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% -4.0% -6.0% -8.0% Albion Homer Township Township I I -2.6% Homer Village I I -3.9% Figure 4: Population Change: Calhoun County & Surrounding Counties, 2010-2020 Calhoun County Marshall Marshall Sheridan City Township Township 1.3% -5.6% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -6.6% -1.0% -2.0% -10.6% Kalamazoo County St. Joseph County 4.5% 4.0% -10.0% -12.0% Jackson County 5.0% I I • -3.8% Branch County -I- 0.1% • -1.3% - -0.9% -0.6% Calhoun County also experienced population decline over the last decade. The significantly higher population decline in Albion suggests outward migration to other neighboring cities and townships in the county. Almost all surrounding communities have faced population decline over the last decade, but Albion’s rate is the highest at 10.6%. Figure 5: Racial Composition Albion & Calhoun County, 2020 0.1% 1.2% 0.3% 0.1% 2.3% 1.2% 8.3% 0.3% 2.3% 2.8% 2.1% 0.0% White alone 0.7% 8.3% 7.1% Black or African American alone American Indian and Alaska Native alone 10.8% Asian alone 28.7% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 59.1% Some Other Race alone Population of two or more races 76.5% 28.7% City of Albion 59.1% • White alone • Black or African American alone • American Indian and Alaska Native alone •Asian alone •Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone •Some Other Race alone • Population of two or more races Calhoun County Over the last 20 years, the racial makeup of the City has remained consistent; as of the 2020, nearly 60% of Albion’s current residents identify as White only. Albion’s Black population is nearly 2.5 times that of the County. Nearly 8.5% of Albion residents identify has Hispanic or Latino, an increase from the 2010 ratio of 6% (Hispanic or Latino identification is a separate classification from race). 14 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �0 Under 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 - 85 and over 75-84 65-74 55-64 45-54 35-44 25-34 20 to 24 15 to 19 10 to 14 5 to 9 Under 5 -15.0% -10.0% -5.0% = 0.0% • Male 5.0% 467 436 II II 590 627 649 489 447 1,104 1,015 899 897 700 779 670 II II II I II 11 II 11 11 20 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 74 75 to 84 10.0% 15.0% 2019 253 190 200 •2010 428 331 400 480 600 430 800 712 1000 671 574 1200 967 1,103 1400 1,178 Figure 6: Age Distribution, 2019 . 85 and over The median age in Albion slightly decreased from 31.7 years in 2010 to 30.8 years in 2019. The net increase in population in the 15-34 age range is likely due to the increasing student population but is also suggestive of a recovering job market and economy. However, the subsequent decrease in people in the 35-64 ages could either be due to lack of higher-level jobs or suitable options to raise “mature families” in Albion. The senior population (65 years and over) accounts for nearly 14% of the total population. • Female Figure 7: Households, 2019 Figure 8: Households by Type, 2019 • Married-couple family 38.2% 2,812 2.43 • Cohabiting couple household • Male householder, no 3.11 spouse/partner present In 2019, Albion had a total of 2,812 households, a 16.3% decrease from 2010. Deviating from the statelevel trend, the average household size and family size grew from 2.32 and 2.98 in 2010 to 2.43 and 3.11 in 2019 respectively, indicating the need for familyfriendly housing formats. Figure 9: Education, 2019 35.7% 17.4% 8.8% • Female householder, no spouse/partner present Nearly 39% of Albion’s households are female householders with no spouse/partner, a group which tends to live in higher poverty rates. Figure 10: Veteran Status, 2019 Figure 11: Disability, 2019 88.3% 18.2% About 89% of Albion’s population has a high school degree or higher; 18.2% has a bachelor’s degree or higher, and these people typically seek specialized job opportunities. 5.6% 15.4% 5.6% of Albion’s civilian population 18 years and older has a veteran status. Approximately 15% of Albion’s population has a disability; 32.5% adults over the age of 65 have a disability. Community Profile | 15 �Demographic Profile Summary Key demographic trends and the resulting impact on planning and development are highlighted below: » Albion is experiencing population decline at a much higher rate than the surrounding communities and the county, signaling that people are migrating outwards likely due to better housing and economic opportunities or quality of life. Population has an impact on state revenue sharing, and as a result of 2020 Census results which showed a population decline, the City will receive reduced funding from the State. » The City is seeing a net growth of the student-age population (ages 15-34). Retaining the youth population while simultaneously addressing the needs of the aging baby boomer generation will be crucial to controlling population decline. » The growing households and family size in the City indicates that the City also needs to be viable for families, which may be achieved by providing suitable housing options, higher-level and higherpaying jobs, and improving other quality-of-life aspects in Albion. » Providing an array of housing formats at different levels of affordability will be imperative in equitably supporting the different demographics such as students, seniors, families, single-parent households, veterans, and persons with disabilities. SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE Figure 13: Median Earnings, 2019 Figure 12: Median Income, 2019 t $34,467 Figure 14: Median Income in Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 $48,607 $34,467 I Albion $57,144 I I Calhoun County Michigan Figure 15: Households with Income Below $25,000, 2019 $62,843 I United States In 2019, Albion’s median household income was much lower than the national, state, and county values; this is not unexpected considering nearly 60% of the population is under the age of 24 or above 65. 16 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan ' The median earnings for female full-time year-round workers is approximately $240 higher than that of men. Albion’s median income in 2019 was $34,467. $80,000 $32,234 • $32,475 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 34.8% I Albion 23.9% 20.6% 19.2% I I I Calhoun County Michigan United States Perhaps because a percentage of the workforce is not engaged, nearly 35% of Albion’s households have an income below $25,000. �Figure 16: Employment Status, 2019 Figure 17: Employment Change, 2019 - 60.0% 50.0% Employed CiviliansCivilians Employed 43.9% 43.9% 0.0% 51.3% 51.3% • Unemployed Civilians • Unemployed Civilians Armed Forces Forces • Armed Not in labor force Not in labor force • 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 4.7% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Albion 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Calhoun County 4.7% A0.0% little over half of Albion’s population over 16 years of age are employed in the civilian labor force; the unemployment rate of the civilian labor force is 8.4%. The overall civilian labor employment in Albion has experienced periods of highs and lows; however, the net increase since 2017 is promising. Figure 18: Commuting Patterns, 2019 Figure 19: Poverty, 2019 With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 1,645 With cash public assistance income 501 With Supplemental Security Income 2,327 The existing workforce is very mobile; 501 people are employed and live in the City, 1,645 are employed in Albion but live outside, and 2,327 are employed outside Albion but live in Albion. The high number of residents with employment outside the City suggests a lack of diverse employment opportunities. With retirement income With Social Security 26.20% I 2.20% 9.60% 21.40% 39.40% The percentage of people living below the poverty level dropped form 32.7% in 2010 to 27.6% in 2019. About 40% of households receive social security income, and over a quarter of households receive food stamps/SNAP benefits. Socioeconomic Profile Summary Key socioeconomic trends and the resulting impact on planning and development are highlighted below: » The net increase in employment since 2017 combined with reducing poverty rates point towards a recovering economy and job market. However, the low median income remains concerning as a large percentage of the workforce is not engaged. » Nearly 45% of Albion’s population aged 16 years and over are not currently in the Civilian labor force; reengaging this population in the civilian labor force will be crucial in reducing the unemployment rate (currently at 8.5%), increasing the median income, and strengthening the overall economy of Albion. » Albion is transitioning from a manufacturing-based economy to a service- and consumer-based economy. With the City’s support, the growing “education services, health care, and social assistance” and “arts, entertainment, & recreation, accommodation & food services” industries can create new job opportunities. Community Profile | 17 �HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS 4 Image Source: City of Albion The City of Albion is collaborating with a diverse array of stakeholders to improve and expand the existing housing stock, redevelop and rebuild its neighborhoods, and create a more vibrant and equitable community. Local leaders and citizens alike recognize that a quality housing stock is a tremendous asset in attracting new residents and encouraging current residents to stay within the community. 18 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �HOUSING PROFILE Figure 20: Housing Diversity, 2019 Figure 21: Median Housing Value, 2019 $200,000 $154,900 $150,000 $110,000 $100,000 $56,800 • $50,000 Albion would benefit from promoting housing diversity. In addition to single-family homes, an array of housing formats like small-lot homes, duplexes, triplexes, apartments, and mixed uses are required to support smaller households and low- to moderateincome households. Figure 22: Housing Units, 2019 3,473 Albion had an estimated total of 3,473 housing units in 2019, as 15.5% decrease since 2010. Albion Calhoun County Michigan In 2019, the median housing value in Albion was $56,800, which is significantly lower than that of the county and state. Figure 23: Housing Units by Type, 2019 Boat, RV, van, etc. Mobile home 20 or more units 10 to 19 units 5 to 9 units 3 or 4 units 2 units 1-unit, attached 1-unit, detached 0.0% 0.6% 4.4% 3.5% 5.0% 4.8% 8.4% 0.6% ---I I 0% 72.8% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Nearly 73% of housing units are single-family detached units. Figure 24: Housing Occupancy Status, 2019 81% $0 19% In 2019, 81% of homes were occupied while 19% were vacant. Figure 25: Housing Tenure, 2019 58% 42% Owner-occupied housing units account for the majority (58%) of occupied units, while the remaining 42% are occupied by renters. Figure 26: Age of Housing, 2019 Built 2010 or later 0.0% Built 1980 - 2010 7.5% Built 1950 - 1980 36.0% Built before 1950 0.0% 56.6% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% Albion has an aging housing stock; approximately 56% of the City’s housing stock was built prior to 1950, while only 7.5% of all units have been built since 1980. Housing & Neighborhoods | 19 �Figure 27: Housing Costs, 2019 Cost-burdened households are those who pay more than 30% of their income for housing. Percentages in the graphics below represent the percentage of total income that owners / renters spend on housing costs. Owners with a Mortgage Renters $820 24.6% 36.5% 24.6% 36.5% 2.8% 4.5% 2.8% 4.5% 15.0% 15.0% $680 12.1% Less than 10.0% 16.5% 10.0 than to 14.9% 10.0% • Less 10.1% • Less than 20.0% 15.0 to to 14.9% 19.9% 10.0 •20.0 to 24.9% to 19.9% •15.0 25.0 to 29.9% 20.0 •30.0%to or24.9% more •25.0 to 29.9% 20.9% 57.0% •20.0 to 24.9% •25.0 to 29.9% • 30.0% or more • 30.0% or more 16.5% Nearly 49% of owner-occupied units had a mortgage and their median “selected month owner costs” was $820. About a quarter of owner-occupied units with a mortgage were housing cost burdened in 2019. In 2019, the median gross rent was $680 and about 12% of renter units experienced housing cost burden. 35% of survey respondents indicated a barrier In 2015, the City conducted a target market analysis (TMA) produced by Zimmerman/Volk Associates. The analysis highlighted that there is demand for new housing units in and around downtown Albion. to living in their preferred housing type. 1/3 of survey respondents indicated that a different housing type, if available, would better meet their current housing needs. Albion is a diverse community. Albion College, a premiere four-year residential college, attracts an influx of academic talent, both in terms of students as well as faculty and staff. At the other the end of the age spectrum, Albion’s senior citizens are an integral part of the fabric of the community. Therefore, it is important that the City’s housing strategy range from the development of loft apartments to considering specific options expressly designed for seniors, including assisted living. As new housing products are developed, it will be important to consider issues of accessibility and accommodations of barrier-free design, to allow all persons, regardless of physical ability, weight, height, or age, equal access to facilities. 20 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan There remains a wide range of housing options between single-dwelling units and multi-dwellingunit apartment complexes that remain unexplored in Albion. “Missing Middle” housing is a term that refers to housing that is similar in size to single-family structures, but rather than a series of detached units on individual lots, the units are clustered on a single lot or buildings contain multiple units.1 Missing Middle housing typologies (Duplex, Triplex, Quadplex, Bungalow Courts, Multiplex, Live/Work units) effortlessly integrate density, even into traditional single-family residential neighborhoods, and build housing diversity throughout the community (see the figure titled “Missing Middle Housing”). Gradually integrating density expands housing options and advances housing affordability for all income groups. Accessory Dwelling units (ADUs) are another effective tool to diversify the existing housing stock and offer low impact increases to density. Colloquially referred to as “in-law units” or “granny flats,” they are smaller units located in �Figure 28: Missing Middle Housing Single-family Home • • Beckett&Raeder the rear lots of residential parcels, subordinate to the principal structure, that may be used to house family members or to be rented to a nonfamily member. ADUs offer a lower-cost way to add new units without disturbing the composition of existing neighborhoods. Considering that students, young adults, and seniors together constitute a large majority of Albion’s population, smaller units such as ADUs could address some of these groups’ housing needs. A declining population over the past several decades has contributed to an increase in vacant buildings in the City. The apparent improvements to economic conditions in Albion present an opportunity to diversify housing options. Current and past efforts to diversify housing in Albion have included working in partnership with the Calhoun County Land Bank to demolish blighted residential structures and encourage infill housing development, and redeveloping abandoned industrial facilities into residential communities such as Sheldon Place Apartments. SHIFTING HOUSING PREFERENCES » Mixed Use, walkable urban neighborhoods » More singles or couples without children » Choose to rent rather than own » Enjoy living in downtown areas 70% of survey respondents either strongly agreed (47%) or agreed (23%) that the City would benefit from an ordinance insuring that rental properties are regularly inspected for safety. Blight elimination was noted as a major concern by a number of participants in the Community Input Survey. Some people did acknowledge the work that the City is doing to address this problem. Others called for greater code enforcement. SOURCE 1 Opticos Design. Missing Middle Housing. https:// missingmiddlehousing.com/ Housing & Neighborhoods | 21 �PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5 Source: City of Albion Founded at the confluence of the north and south branches of the Kalamazoo River, the natural environment and the built environment in Albion have been symbiotic since the City’s genesis. This section inventories and spatially examines significant natural, infrastructure, and cultural resources in Albion and sets a holistic framework to integrate the natural environment into the City’s future land use. 22 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �I M P E RVI O U S SU R FACE S S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 29 Mile 94 ' % ( & Impervious Surfaces N orth Al b i on B erri en S u p eri or te i n n C a ss C l i n ton H u ron i si o n R i ver H av I rwi n Div E ri e Ash H an n ah i si o ¹ I i gan I on i a Div M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e C l a rk M apl e tt Ellio I n d u stri a l B u rs 2 9 1 /2 M i l e Like communities throughout the State, infrastructure in Albion is aging. Maintaining quality infrastructure is important to every aspect of community growth and development, ranging from sidewalk and road maintenance to facilitating the use of high-speed telecommunications and other technologies to maintaining underground water and sewer mains. Upgrading aging water and sewer infrastructure is a top priority for Albion. By 2023, the City must have a list of all lead and copper pipes for the State, all of which must be replaced by 2040. Additionally, the City will install a new water tower to provide better service to the east side of the City and to provide adequate storage capacity for future development. Wa tson B roa d wel l E a ton Capital Improvements ã I F i n l ey Impervious surfaces are constructed surfaces that obstruct the infiltration of water into the soil. The map titled “Impervious Surfaces” uses a percentage scale between 1 and 100, where 100% denotes “fully impervious,” to spatially represent areas of high impermeability in Albion. The areas with the highest degree of impervious surfaces (depicted in purple) are clustered along major transportation throughfares and the City’s railroad. The impervious pocket located in the northeast quadrant of the city, along Clark Street, captures the heavy industrial development. Most areas in Albion, however, are only moderately impervious. Thus, despite several areas of highly impervious surface, development around natural features (depicted in white) is relatively low, and hence the total percentage of impervious surface is also relatively low. The City’s highly impervious areas are important to understand because this characteristic increases stormwater runoff, putting pressure on stormwater and sewer system and potentially causing flooding and drinking water contamination. 94 ' ( & % B B u rr O a k The built environment consists of structures, networks, and spaces that have been substantially physically altered by human effort. While the importance of investing in the built environment cannot be overstated, it is equally important to ensure that natural resources are protected. Map 2: Impervious Surfaces 28 Mile BUILT ENVIRONMENT en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I P ercen t I m p ervi ou s 0% 1 00% D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Redevelopment Albion’s revitalization strategy focuses on directing developers toward available resources. The City provides all of the information available to assist in accomplishing a specific development and acts as an agent that connects a prospective developer to the many resources available for redevelopment projects. Sustainable redevelopment is the desired approach – development that meets the needs of the present while being mindful of and not compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development ranges from reusing portions of existing structures, when possible, to minimizing impervious surfaces to reduce storm water handling/management and promoting green infrastructure as discussed in the following section. Physical Characteristics | 23 �» Increased wildlife habitat, Map 2: Tree Canopy Coverage » Reduced ground and water temperatures, TR E E CAN O P Y CO VE R AG E » Reduced energy costs, and 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 29 Mile » Visual barriers between conflicting land uses. 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & B ã I N orth B erri en C a ss i si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton Div E ri e Ash H an n ah n I on i a i si o ¹ I i gan H u ron Al b i on Div M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k te i n S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B u rs C l a rk Ellio tt M apl e Wa tson B roa d wel l R i ver H av I rwi n en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I P ercen t Tree C overa g e 0% 1 00% D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Green infrastructure is both a network of green space and natural areas, along with built techniques such as rain gardens and bio swales that preserve the function of the natural ecosystem. It is a system that protects water quality, functions as a filtering and drainage network at little to no cost, and provides recreational opportunities for citizens. Tree Canopy Trees are the most prominent type of green infrastructure, providing not only aesthetic benefits, but health and environmental benefits including: » Reduced erosion and stormwater runoff, » Reduced air pollution, 24 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan The “Tree Canopy Coverage” map shows the tree canopy for the City in 2016. Using remote sensing and satellite imagery, the federal government inventories the tree canopy for the contiguous United States every five years. The map uses a percentage scale between 1 and 100, where 100% denotes maximum tree canopy coverage (indicated in dark green). On one hand, areas with the highest tree canopy coverage coincide with parklands and or undeveloped/vacant land; on the other hand, when comparing the “Tree Canopy Coverage” map with the “Impervious Surfaces” map, it is evident that the areas with lowest percentage of tree canopy coverage correspond with the areas of high impervious surface or the extensively developed areas along major corridors, downtown, and industrial zones. The presence of trees or other green infrastructure methods near highly impervious areas can often mitigate many of the negative externalities of large swaths of paved areas by absorbing excessive runoff and filtering water. The Albion Tree Committee is a local nonprofit that has a tree farm just outside of the City and provides trees for the City and for Albion residents. This is a valuable local resource, and it represents the existing importance of tree canopy coverage in Albion. Green Infrastructure Methods Low impact development (LID) is a broad term for the set of practices that imitate natural processes to allow stormwater to infiltrate the ground as opposed to channeling it toward water bodies. The table titled “Green Infrastructure Methods” shows several examples of landscaping and low impact development standards that are appropriate in Albion. �Table 2: Green Infrastructure Methods METHOD DESCRIPTION Rainwater Harvesting Systems that collect and store rainwater for later use. Rain Gardens Shallow, vegetated gardens that collect and absorb runoff from streets, sidewalks, and roofs. Planter Boxes Boxes along sidewalks, streets, or parking lots that collect and absorb rainwater; they can be designed with a notch to allow additional stormwater to flow in, as with rain gardens. These also serve as streetscaping elements. Bioswales Linear and vegetated channels, typically adjacent to a road or parking lot, that slow, retain, and filter stormwater. Permeable Pavement Pavement that absorbs, filters, and stores rainwater. Green Roofs Vegetated roofs that absorb and filter rainwater. Tree Canopy Trees reduce and slow stormwater flow. EXAMPLE Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency Physical Characteristics | 25 �» Developing parks and programming; PARKLAND AND NONMOTORIZED CONNECTIVITY » Providing comprehensive and shared recreational programs and facilities for all ages; Parkland » Providing attractive entrances to the city with landscaping, welcome signs, and consistent branding; and Albion’s riverfront and parks are important community assets that provide recreational opportunities and contribute to placemaking and the overall quality of life. The City’s Parks and Recreation Master Plan prioritizes the following: » Promoting recreation programs and park facilities.1 » Providing adequate facilities for outdoor athletics and recreation; The map titled “Parkland” illustrates Albion’s parklands and nonmotorized trails and also provides information on parkland ownership. Correspondingly, the table titled “Parkland Inventory” lists and classifies the City’s parks, » Providing preservation and recreational uses of the Kalamazoo River and Albion River Trail; Table 3: Parkland Inventory # NAME OF PARK TYPE OF PARK AMENITIES 3 Bournelis Park Mini Park Seating, fishing, river trail access 4 Molder Park Mini Park Seating 5 Porter Street Canoe Dock Canoe launch 6 Harris Field 7 Ketchum Field 8 McAuliffe Park 9 McIntosh Park Mini Park Neighborhood Park/ Playground Neighborhood Park/ Playground Neighborhood Park/ Playground Neighborhood Park/ Playground 10 Holland park Picnic tables, playground, grills, concession stand, restrooms Picnic tables, playground, concession stand, restrooms 13 Barnes Park Picnic table, grills, restrooms, ballfields, basketball court, playground, restrooms Picnic shelter, sandlot, ball field, playground, basketball court, restrooms, drinking fountain, playground, future splash pad Intergenerational facilities: Picnic tables, seating, playground, Neighborhood Park/ children’s garden, basketball courts, restrooms, drinking fountain, Playground fitness equipment, Little Free Library Warming shelter, bandshell, pavilions, playgrounds, disc Community Park golf, shuffleboard, baseball, pond, fishing, observation deck, basketball courts, bicycle racks, bleachers Special Use Park Beach, river access, dock, picnic table 14 Crowell Park Special Use Park Water Tower, open space 15 Gold Star Park Special Use Park Memorial Park 16 Lloyd Park Seating, tables, performance deck, river access 17 McClure Park 18 19 20 Stoffer Plaza / Market Place Washington Street Park Riverside Cemetery Special Use Park Special Use Park/ Conservancy Special Use Park Special Use Park Special Use Park Special Use Park (Unofficial) Special Use Park (Mixed Ownership) Special Use Park (Mixed Ownership) Linear Park 11, Victory Park / Rieger Park 12 Albion Dog Park 22 Collaboration Corner 21 Weatherford Garden Albion River Trail Source: City of Albion Parks and Recreation Master Plan 2022-2026 26 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan River trail, historic bridge, river access Farmer's Market pavilion, picnic benches River access, fishing, picnic tables, grills Fishing and migratory bird watching Dog park Seating, paths, Little Free Library Seating Trails �Map 3: Parkland PAR K L AN D S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & ã I 94 ' % ( & M cI n tosh P a rk 9 K etch u m F i el d M cAu l i ffe P a rk 8 14 Wea th erford G a rd en 21 17 H a rri s F i el d 6 ¹ I 23 C rowel l P a rk M cC l u re P a rk 7 Al b i on D og P a rk C ol l a b ora ti on C or n er 22 G ol d S ta r P a rk 15 M ol d er P a rk H ol l a n d 4 19 P a rk 10 Wa sh i n g ton 3 1 6 Ll oyd P a rk S t P a rk K resg e G ym n a si u m 1 B ou r n el i s P a rk 18 5 P orter S t M a rket P l a za C a n oe D ock D ow R ecrea ti on 11 C en ter R i eg er P a rk 2 25 Vi ctory P a rk Wh i teh ou se N a tu re Tra i l s 12 24 Al b i on R i ver Tra i l R i versi d e C em etery 20 B a r n es P a rk 26 13 AL B I O N TO WN S H I P N a n cy G . H el d E q u estri a n C en ter ¹ I C i ty O wn ed F a ci l i ty M i xed O wn ersh i p F a ci l i ty P ri va te F a ci l i ty Tra i l P a rkl a n d D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Physical Characteristics | 27 �MDNR PARK CLASSIFICATIONS Mini Parks: Address limited, isolated, or unique recreational needs. Neighborhood Park / Playground: Serve as the recreational and social focus of the neighborhood and provide both active and passive recreation. Community Park: Serve a broader purpose than neighborhood parks; these focus on meeting community-based recreation needs, and preserving unique landscapes and open spaces. Special Use Park: Cover a broad range of parks and recreation facilities oriented towards a single-purpose use. Linear Park: Multipurpose trails located within greenways, parks, and natural resource areas with a focus on recreational value and harmony with natural environment. including a short description of the amenities available at each park. Nonmotorized Connectivity Nonmotorized trails are good for the health of residents and connect people regionally. The Albion River Trail, an important community asset, runs through Albion for three miles along the Kalamazoo River and serves as both a recreational and economic resource. Albion is the central point of four regional and national trail systems: The Calhoun County Trailway that will eventually connect to trail systems and routes in Kalamazoo County to the west and to Jackson County to the east; the Great Lake-to-Lake Trail from South Haven to Port Huron; the Iron Belle Trail from Detroit to Ironwood in the Upper Peninsula; and the approximately 4,800-milelong North Country National Scenic Trail that stretches from Vermont to North Dakota. The City of Albion has been designated as a “Trail Town” by the North Country Trail Association. Trail towns have developed systems of trails and created a welcoming environment with amenities such as bicycle and kayak racks and picnic tables at access 28 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan points. Wayfinding signage and kiosks encourage trail users to visit and patronize downtown businesses and use local amenities. Water trails also translate into regional economic growth. As one of the cities along the Kalamazoo River, Albion is thus located on the proposed Kalamazoo River water trail, a joint effort with the Southcentral Michigan Planning Council, the Potawatomi Resource Conservation and Development Council, and the Kalamazoo River Watershed Council. WATER Watersheds A watershed refers to a geographic area within which all stormwater and groundwater eventually flows via gravity to a large waterbody. Albion is a part of the Kalamazoo River Watershed, which empties into Lake Michigan. Since the watershed covers multiple political jurisdictions (see the map titled “Watershed”), a larger body known as the Kalamazoo Watershed Council (KRWC) manages the watershed. The KRWC and various stakeholders have developed several management plans and resources that serve as a road map to restoring and protecting the watershed and water quality of the streams and rivers.2 Floodplain A floodplain is the land surrounding a river, stream, lake or drain that becomes regularly inundated by the overflow of water. The map titled “FEMA-Designated Floodplains” shows the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated floodplains in Albion. The area of the floodplain indicated in blue on the map represents a 1% chance of annual flooding, also known as the 100-year flood area. The area of the floodplain indicated in yellow represents a 0.2% chance of annual flooding, known as the 500-year flood area. Small portions of land along the river, in the northwest and southeast parts of the City, have a 1% chance of annual flooding. The term “floodway” refers to the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas where there is moving water during a flooding event.3 Development is generally prohibited in the floodway. Small portions of land in the southeast part of the City adjacent to the river are in the floodway. It is important the understand �Map 4: Watershed Map 5: FEMA-Designated Floodplains WATE R SH E D F E M A - D E SI G N ATE D F L O O D P L AI N S 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en Al b i on M i ch n C a ss n H an n ah i si o 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton Div E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n ¹ I i gan H u ron i si o I on i a Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b i on AL B I O N TO WN S H I P ¹ I S TAT E O F I N D I A N A C i ty of Al b i on F l ood wa y C i ty 1 % An n u a l F l ood p l a i n K a l a m a zoo Wa tersh ed 0. 2 % An n u a l F l ood p l a i n D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0 5 10 M i l es 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Albion River Trail signage. Source: City of Albion Physical Characteristics | 29 �the location of flood-prone areas, especially in Albion where the river runs through the center of the City, as development in any portion of a floodplain can severely exacerbate flooding events. Additionally, Albion received a grant to conduct a feasibility study and review of the City’s dams, to be completed in 2022. The study will determine the viability of removing the five dams in the Kalamazoo River within City limits. Wetlands Wetlands are saturated areas which include swamps, marshes, bogs, wet meadows, mud flats, and natural ponds. They are beneficial because they filter, store, and recharge groundwater; serve as a buffer for flood control; nurture wildlife and biodiversity; purify water and produce oxygen; and often serve as recreational locations. There are approximately 170 acres of wetlands in Albion, over 53% of which are existing wetlands. Restorative wetlands, wetlands that need intervention to become fully operational again, make up about 46% of the remaining wetlands. Development on wetlands—of area five acres and above—is strictly controlled by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE). Therefore, it is the City’s responsibility to protect and preserve wetlands under five acres. Map 6: Wetlands TYPES OF WETLANDS WE TL AN D S S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 29 Mile 28 Mile Emergent: Characterized by rooted herbaceous hydrophytes, like moss and lichen. 94 ' % ( & ' % ( & Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e ã I Forested: Characterized by woody plants taller than six feet and are usually farther way from water than emergent wetlands. 94 B Restorative: Areas where wetlands may be fully or as closely restored to their existing conditions. C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en C a ss n Table 4: Area of Wetlands 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton i si o R i ver H av I rwi n Div E ri e Ash H an n ah n I on i a i si o Source: EGLE ¹ I i gan H u ron Al b i on Div M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en WETLAND TYPE B Al b .I AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I E m erg en t Wetl a n d F orested Wetl a n d R estora ti ve Wetl a n d D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es ACRES PERCENT Emergent 33.1 19.7% Forested 57.2 34.0% Existing Total 90.3 53.7% Restorative 77.9 46.3% Total 168.2 100.0% Source: EGLE SOURCES 1 City of Albion Parks and Recreation Master Plan 2022-2026 2 Kalamazoo River Watershed Council. About. https://kalamazooriver.org/about/ 3 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Glossary. https://www.fema.gov/about/glossary 30 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �TRANSPORTATION & CIRCULATION 6 Source: City of Albion Transportation infrastructure is a fundamental component of planning that determines a community’s land use patterns, mobility, and connectivity. Roads, sidewalks, bicycle infrastructure, and public transit allow residents to move between home, work, places to socialize, and other everyday destinations. Moreover, regional connectivity via road, rail, air, or other modes, provides residents with new social and economic avenues. Since transportation networks have a profound impact on the everyday lives of people, advancing community-driven strategies to improve this infrastructure enables an equitable community. This chapter inventories Albion’s existing infrastructure, discusses complete street enhancements along major corridors, and explores multi-modal transportation opportunities in the City. Transportation & Circulation | 31 �ROAD SYSTEM The City of Albion has 56 miles of road within its boundary.1 Albion’s major throughfare, the I-94 business loop, is a 4.4-mile route that runs south from I-94 along Eaton Street, east along Austin Avenue (M-199), south via Superior Street (M-99) into downtown Albion, then east on Michigan Avenue (M-99). The direct connectivity of Albion’s downtown and commercial center with an interstate is highly beneficial for the economic health of the City. These highways (Business I-94, M-99, and M-199) fall under the Michigan Department of Transportation’s (MDOT) jurisdiction, giving the City limited influence over their design. Either Calhoun County or Albion’s Department of Public Services manages the remainder of the roads in the City. NATIONAL FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION Principal Arterial Roads: Carry long-distance, through-travel traffic. Minor Arterial Roads: Carry long-distance commercial traffic between cities. Major Collectors: Serve local business districts and channel traffic toward arterials. Local Roads: Promote access to adjoining properties. Road Classifications and Traffic Volumes The map “National Functional Classification” represents Albion’s road system using the National Functional Classification (NFC)—a hierarchical system developed by the Federal Highway Administration in the 1960s, to determine the amount of federal funding to be allocated to each road type. All of Albion’s roads fall into one of the four NFC categories: principal arterial, minor arterial, major collector, and local roads. The principal arterial road in Albion—along Michigan Avenue and N. Eaton Street—will receive higher funding due to the NFC hierarchy, followed by the minor arterials: Austin Avenue and Superior Street. Because MDOT manages these roads, the City has limited control over any infrastructure decisions. This is notable, as these roads pass through Albion’s downtown, and any decisions made by MDOT regarding speed limits or road developments will directly impact pedestrian safety, walkability, and the overall character of the downtown and adjacent neighborhoods. Local roads, on the other hand, do not receive any federal funding; hence, the City is responsible for their upkeep through local funding. MDOT also calculates the average number of vehicles that travel on roadways daily throughout the year, a figure termed “average annual daily traffic” or AADT, also shown on the “National Functional Classification” map. Mirroring the NFC hierarchy, N. Eaton Street carries the largest traffic volumes with a maximum daily average of 8,727. Superior Street, Austin Avenue, Erie Street, and Michigan Avenue are some of the other busiest roads in the City. 32 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan Superior Street that runs through downtown Albion is a primary arterial. Source: City of Albion Road signage at the intersection of Ash and Superior Streets. Source: City of Albion �Map 7: National Functional Classification 28 Mile N ATI O N AL F U N CTI O N AL CL ASSI F I CATI O N 36 29 Mile 21 55 S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 08 0 23 94 ' % ( & 3 645 3 B 981 1 83 8 1 71 6 9 Wa tson 1 61 7 Ellio tt 371 M apl e N orth 1 5 1 1 C l a rk 6 C a ss 965 5724 2 82 7 61 ¹ I 3573 is Div 80 i on 9 906 en H an n ah H av 2 9 1 /2 M i l e 1 21 1 R i ver 5 06 F i n l ey C l i n ton 405 61 3 I on i a 7 96 I rwi n 5 961 35 882 E a ton 41 09 E ri e 1 92 1 7 87 3 3 93 0 n 87 8 i si o 692 B u rr O a k 93 1 5 441 1 643 Div Al b i on 737 B erri en 5 2 4 7 91 8 41 7 87 2 7 45 6 B u rste i n 3 42 1 07 0 1 1 43 ã I 2 3 80 7 81 2 17 1 639 94 ' % ( & B 22 71 Al b i on 1 442 ¹ I 1 573 AL B I O N TO WN S H I P I n tersta te P ri n ci p a l Arteri a l M i n or Arteri a l M a jor C ol l ector M i n or C ol l ector Loca l R oa d #### An n u a l Avera g e D a i l y Tra ffi c (2 01 9 ) D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Transportation & Circulation | 33 �Road Condition Map 8: PASER, 2016-2019 The quality of roads impacts mobility and safety, which in turn affects the overall quality of life for residents in a community. The Transportation Asset Management Council (TAMC) conducts a visual survey called the Pavement Surface Evaluation and ½ I Rating (PASER) to evaluate the conditions of roads. The surface conditions are rated on a scale of 1-10 and then categorized as good, fair, or poor; the map titled “PASER” presents the conditions of Albion’s roads using this scale. PASE R , 2 01 6 - 2 01 9 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en C a ss i si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton Div E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n ¹ I H an n ah n The map clearly depicts that a vast majority of Albion’s roads are recorded to be in poor (indicated in red) or fair (indicated in yellow) condition; only a handful of road segments are in good condition (indicated in green). As shown in the table titled “PASER rating,” a little over 65% of all roads in Albion are in poor condition. While Michigan’s extreme weather exacerbates the regular wear and tear, deteriorating road conditions throughout cause several issues in daily commute and safety. Not depicted in the map are roads that the City has recently upgraded, including: i gan I on i a i si o M i ch H u ron Al b i on Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I P oor C on d i ti on F a i r C on d i ti on G ood C on d i ti on D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es » » » » » » » » Irwin Avenue North Street N. Clark Street 1st Street 2nd Street 3rd Street Wild Street Hartwell Street The Michigan Department of Transportation has repair and maintenance scheduled in 2026 for North and South Superior, North Eaton, and Michigan Ave. Albion is also in the process of developing a Transportation Asset Management Plan, which will provide guidance for the use of funds generated by a proposed road millage. Continued coordination between MDOT and the City will allow these projects to complement each other. Table 5: PASER Rating Sidewalk along Superior Street. Source: City of Albion 34 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan PASER RATING MILES PERCENT Fair 15.2 27.3% Good 3.3 5.9% Poor 36.5 65.6% No Rating 0.7 1.3% Total 55.6 100.0% Source: MDOT �Map 9: Traffic Crashes, 2016-2020 B I CYCL E I N VO LVE D CR ASH 29 Mile 29 Mile 28 Mile 28 Mile P E D E STR I AN I N VO LVE D CR ASH E S TR AF F I C CR ASH E S, 2 01 6 - 2 02 0 94 ' % ( & B roa d wel l ã I S u p eri or n C a ss E ri e B u rr O a k R i ver I rwi n H a ven si o n H a ven B Wa tson ¹ I D i vi 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton H an n ah Ash F i n l ey 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton R i ver I rwi n B D i vi si on H u ron si o H an n ah D i vi on C l i n ton H u ron si D i vi Al b i on ¹ I C l a rk N orth ei n I on i a Ash B u rst B erri en I n d u stri a l C l a rk B u rr O a k S u p eri or C a ss E ri e M apl e B erri en C l i n ton n F i n l ey ã I N orth I on i a 94 ' % ( & B si o E l l i ot t Wa tson B roa d wel l ã I ei n Al b i on D i vi I n d u stri a l E l l i ott 94 ' % ( & B u rst 94 ' % ( & B M apl e 29 Mile B Wa tson M apl e 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P Al b i on Ellio tt Al b i on n FATAL O R SE R I O U S I N J U RY CR ASH E S C rowel l Vi n e B roa d wel l ã I B erri en P orter D i vi P orter si o n C a ss E ri e Al l en P ea rl Pa rk R i ver ¹ I D i vi si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e er E a ton I rwi n n eg de Ri Ash Ash I on i a Li n AL B I O N TO WN S H I P F i n l ey E ri e C l a rk C en ter B u rr O a k N orth ei n H u ron C en ter B u rst S u p eri or C a ss B erri en I on i a i on ¹ I M apl e t Wa tson E l l i ot Al b P erry 94 ' % ( & B ¹ I M i ch i g a n Wa sh i n g ton B H an n ah i g an Al b i on M i ch en C l i n ton H av I n d u stri a l H an n ah R i ver E a ton I on i a M u l b erry 29 Mile 28 Mile C h estn ut D O WN TO WN CR ASH E S C h estn u t C l i n ton i si o 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton 0. 5 M i l es n Pi n e Div E ri e I rwi n 0. 2 5 H u ro B erri en i gan Ash B i cycl e I n vol ved C ra sh 0 0. 5 M i l es H u ron M i ch C a ss 0. 2 5 M on roe n H u ron i si o ¹ I D i vi si on Pi n e ¹ I P ed . I n vol ved C ra sh 0 S u p eri or Al b i on Div ¹ I C l a rk N orth te i n B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l H a ven B Al b i on Elm I on i a N u m b er of C ra sh es Wa l n u t 0 30 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es • ¹ I Oak R i ver ¹ I M ech a n i c M on roe : D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S , M i ch i g a n Tra ffi c C ra sh F a cts 0 Ha C ra sh ve n 0 0. 05 M S eri ou s I n ju ry F a ta l ai n 0. 1 M i l es 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es I rwi n Troubled Intersections and Road Safety Safety is undoubtedly the most essential element of road infrastructure which focuses on reducing the risk of accidents, injuries, and fatalities. While accidents can unfortunately occur at any segment of a road, 31% of Michigan’s fatal auto accidents in 2019 occurred at intersections.2 Therefore, identifying troubled intersections is an important first step to improving road safety in Albion. Using official crash data between 2016 and 2020 from the Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (MTCF) website, the series of “crash maps” spatially present roads and intersections in Albion with the highest number of crashes. The four-way intersection between Austin Avenue and N. Eaton Street witnessed the highest number of vehicular crashes. Other troubled intersections include: » The junction where N. Eaton Street meets W. Broadwell Street and Bemer Street. » The railway crossing where N. Superior Street meets Michigan Avenue. The maps also show a concentration of pedestrian and bicycle crashes at or near these two major troubled intersections: Austin Avenue and N. Eaton Street and N. Superior Street and Michigan Avenue. A high percentage of downtown crashes occurred between the railway tracks; however, the map also clearly indicates that crashes occurred fairly evenly throughout Albion’s downtown. Furthermore, all of the five serious injury crashes and the one fatal crash occurred along the railway track. MDOT offers a detailed guide to selecting locations and treatments for pedestrian crosswalks that should be used to formulate specific improvement recommendations.3 Transportation & Circulation | 35 �PUBLIC TRANSIT Access to quality public transit at affordable rates and regular frequency enables mobility for residents of all age groups, income levels, and abilities. Calhoun County is currently conducting a countywide public transit study; therefore, public transit options for county residents are likely to increase in the coming years. Albion is located on Amtrak’s Detroit-to-Chicago route, and the company announced in May of 2021 that its accelerated service would extend eastward to Albion to complement existing accelerated service between Chicago and Kalamazoo. This service improvement ultimately intends to reduce the travel time between the two major cities by two hours, to about 4.5 hours, and may increase the number of travelers on the route overall. Communities along the route, including Albion, may find this an opportune time to consider improvements to their train station. PUBLIC TRANSIT OPTIONS IN ALBION Amtrak: Albion is located along the Wolverine passenger route between Chicago and Detroit with everyday stops in the City. Albion-Marshall Connector: The Albion-Marshall Connector serves a broad audience and provides intercity bus services between Albion and Marshall for a nominal fee. Community Action: Community Action specializes in providing curb-to-curb services in Calhoun County for seniors aged 60 and over and disabled persons aged 18 and over. This service operates on a donation basis, and it helps its clientele with day-to-day transit needs. Greyhound: Albion has regular Greyhound schedules to several regional and interstate destinations accessible via the ticketing office or online. Figure 29: Commute Modes, 2019 4.1% 3.4% 6.6% Work from home Michigan 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% Other means Calhoun County 2.2% 3.1% 14.7% Walk Albion 1.3% 1.0% 0.8% Public transportation 82.3% 82.4% 67.4% • • 20% 40% Calhoun County 60% • 80% 100% Albion Approximately 67% of workers 16 years and over drove to work independently, and almost 15% walked to work; only a handful 0.8% of workers used public transportation, likely due to the lack of availability rather than choice. The mean travel time to work was approximately 20 minutes in Albion. 36 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 92.3% 7.7% • Car, truck, or van – drove alone 0% • • 0% 8.9% 9.0% 9.3% Car, truck, or van – carpooled Michigan Figure 30: Vehicles Available, 2019 91.3% 8.7% 87.3% 12.7% 20% 40% At least one vehicle 60% • 80% 100% No vehicle Albion residents have lower rates of automobile ownership than Calhoun County and the State; nearly 13% of occupied households did not own vehicles. �COMPLETE STREETS The Complete Streets ethos is rooted in inclusivity and equity with a simple objective that streets are for everyone: auto users, bikes, pedestrian, and public transit users alike. From simple additions or modifications to full-fledged infrastructure revamps, complete street elements may be scaled based on the needs and budget of each individual community. Albion’s high percentage of commuters who walk to work—over five times higher than the state proportion—signals a need for safe, communitywide pedestrian access. Community engagement findings during the rebuilding of Superior Street revealed a strong preference against bicycle lanes which are unprotected from motorized traffic, suggesting that the traditional bicycle lane configuration needs adjustment in order to succeed here, perhaps in the form of a separated shared-use path or constructed and protected two-way bicycle lanes. The Michigan Department of Transportation’s 2019 Multi Modal Development and Delivery Guidebook (M2D2) contains recommended elements and appropriate contexts that may serve as a helpful reference as individual road projects offer opportunities to include Complete Streets elements. Enhancements along Major Corridors The City of Albion has several important gateways and corridors leading into the City and connecting it to other communities. The City aims to improve the appearance of its gateways and its primary corridors: Superior Street, Austin Avenue, Eaton Street, and Michigan Avenue. COMPLETE STREET ELEMENTS Sidewalks Bicycle Lanes Curb Extensions Safe Crossing Wayfinding Signage Street Landscaping Green Infrastructure Street Furniture Street Lighting Transportation & Circulation | 37 �Map 10: Corridors CO R R I D O R S 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Wa tson Ellio tt 3 M apl e B N orth M i ch n B erri en i gan C a ss E a ton E ri e Ash i si o n R i ver H av I rwi n Div 2 9 1 /2 M i l e F i n l ey C l i n ton 4 I on i a i si o ¹ I 1 H an n ah Al b i on Div B u rr O a k 2 C l a rk te i n H u ron B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P ¹ I i on #1 : S u p eri or S treet #2 : Au sti n Ave #3 : E a ton S treet #4: M i ch i g a n Aven u e D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 38 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es �1. SUPERIOR STREET CORRIDOR 2. AUSTIN AVENUE CORRIDOR The Superior Street corridor extends from Austin Avenue to the City’s southern border. At the Michigan Avenue intersection, it turns into the M-99 state highway. The predominant land use along the corridor is either residential or commercial, with commercial concentrated in the downtown stretch between Vine Street on the north and Ash Street on the south. The Austin Avenue corridor extends from Superior Street on the east to the western City border where it turns into the M-199 state highway. The predominant land uses along the corridor are either residential or commercial. This corridor also has a lot of vacant sites and/ or open space. 3. EATON STREET CORRIDOR 4. MICHIGAN AVENUE CORRIDOR The Eaton Street corridor extends from the City’s northern border where it intersects with I-94 to the intersection with Austin Avenue. It is also part of the I-94 business loop. The predominant land use along the corridor is commercial and the character is retail- and service-oriented, especially nearing the I-94 interchange. The Michigan Avenue (M-99) corridor extends from Superior Street on the west to the City’s eastern border. The predominant land uses along the corridor are either commercial or residential, being more residential on the eastern side of the corridor. The corridor also runs through the Albion College Campus. Transportation & Circulation | 39 �Table 6: Complete Street Enhancements Along Major Corridors COMPLETE STREET ELEMENT Sidewalks 1. SUPERIOR STREET 3. EATON STREET Comments Present Comments Present Comments Present Comments  Certain segments in poor condition.  Certain segments in poor condition.  South of Watson only.  None at Shell Station, Superior Street. Curb Extensions  Wayfinding Signage Buffer lanes Buffer lanes — — — — — — Pedestrian signals downtown; no clear lines to indicate crosswalks. Neither pedestrian signal nor crosswalk indication present along the residential stretch.  — Pedestrian signals at major intersections; no clear lines to indicate crosswalks. Neither pedestrian signal nor crosswalk indication present along the residential stretch.  Pedestrian signals at Austin and Watson intersections, crosswalks at both intersections have missing lines. Sidewalks, curbs, and crosswalks at Austin do not match up. Neither pedestrian signal nor crosswalk indication present along the residential stretch. — Albion College Landscaping  —  — No street trees at businesses. Green Infrastructure  Only green buffer zones between sidewalks and street.  Only green buffer zones between sidewalks and street. Only narrow (5’) green buffer zone between sidewalk and street. — — Street Furniture Street Lighting 4. MICHIGAN AVENUE Present Bicycle Lanes & Parking Safe Crossings 2. AUSTIN AVENUE —  Street lighting downtown; lighting faces road, not sidewalk. Interspersed lights facing road from utility poles.  Interspersed lights facing road from utility poles  Interspersed lights facing road from utility poles.  Pedestrian signals at Superior, Ingham, and Clark intersections; crosswalk at Clark is missing lines; school crossing signs near Lombard and Ingham; flashing school speed limit sign at Bidwell; pedestrian crossing sign at Fitch. Business district  Less as one progresses into the downtown. Green buffer zones between sidewalk and street. —  Interspersed lights facing road from utility poles. SOURCES 1 Michigan Open Data Portal, All Roads (v17a), https://gis-michigan.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/all-roads-v17a/ explore?location=44.564300%2C-86.307700%2C7.26 2 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts, 2019 General Facts, https://publications.michigantrafficcrashfacts.org/2019/Quick_Facts.pdf 3 Michigan Department of Transportation. “Guidance for Installation of Pedestrian Crosswalks on Michigan State Trunkline Highways,” March 2020. 40 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 7 Source: City of Albion Understanding broad economic trends in Albion, such as employment composition, educational attainment, and growing and shrinking sectors, will help the City determine short- and long-term economic development priorities to revitalize the local economy. The data presented in this section is sourced from either the U.S. Census or the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2010-2019). Economic Development | 41 �ECONOMIC PROFILE Figure 31: Employment Status: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Michigan Calhoun County 43.4% 3.2% 53.4% Marshall Township Marshall City 20% • Employed Civilians 43.9% 4.7% 51.3% 10% 49.0% 0.7% 48.6% 0% 35.2% 2.9% 61.9% City of Albion 34.8% 4.8% 60.4% Albion Township 39.5% 3.3% 57.3% Homer Township 36.7% 1.9% 61.4% Homer Village 40.1% 3.8% 56.1% Sheridan Township 38.5% 3.7% 57.8% 30% 40% 50% • Unemployed Civilians 60% • Armed Forces 70% 80% 90% 100% • Not in labor force Only a little over half of Albion’s population over 16 years of age are employed in the civilian labor force, which is lower than that of the surrounding municipalities except Albion Township; due to macroeconomic changes, automation, decentralization, and relocation of manufacturing operations and jobs, laborers and youth have been the hardest hit by the overarching economic restructuring. Students and retirees are typical populations who are considered “not in the labor force,” which may help explain this higher number in Albion. Figure 32: Unemployment Rate: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Michigan Calhoun County Sheridan Township Marshall Township Marshall City Homer Village Homer Township Albion Township City of Albion 5.9% 6.3% 5.6% 3.0% 5.4% 7.4% 4.5% 1.3% 8.4% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% In 2019, the unemployment rate in Albion was estimated at 8.4%, higher than the surrounding communities, the County, and the State. The unemployment rate in Albion (8.4%) is higher than the percentage of unemployed civilians (4.7%) because the Census unemployment rate calculation does not include people not in the labor force such as retirees and students. 30-34 35-44 45-54 50% 55% 55-59 41% 40% 60-64 75% 75% Some other race alone 83% 83% Asian alone II •• 65-74 • In Labor Force • Employed The moderate percentage of employed civilian population between 35-65 years indicates a lack of participation in the labor force. 42 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 60% 62% Two or more races 20% 20% 53% 51% 67% 62% 76% 68% 91% 83% 78% 70% 25-29 53% 58% Not Hispanic or Latino IIII IIIIIIII 20-24 Figure 34: Employment Status by Race & Origin, 2019 Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) 7% 7% II 16-19 70% 63% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 48% 42% Figure 33: Employment Status by Age, 2019 75+ 100% 100% American Indian and Alaska Native alone 46% 51% Black or African American alone 53% 57% White alone 0% 20% 40% •Employed •In Labor Force 60% 80% 100% The employment status data only shows slight fluctuations among the different races, a positive sign that no race is disproportionately impacted by Albion’s job market. �Figure 35: Employment Status by Disability, Poverty Level, & Gender, 2019 80% 70% 67% 70% 62% Figure 36: Employment Status by Educational Attainment, 2019 100% 60% 80% 70% 51% 50% 60% 50% 29% 30% 40% 22% 20% 63% 68% 59% 65% 51% 11 11 11 II II 39% 40% 90% 88% 90% 64% 32% 30% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% Male Female Below poverty level Less than high school High school graduate graduate (includes equivalency) With any disability • In Labor Force • Employed Some college or associate's degree Bachelor's degree or higher •In Labor Force •Employed There is a high unemployment rate for persons below the poverty level and persons with a disability. This exacerbates economic difficulties and indicates a lack of opportunity to improve economic standing for these groups. Higher educational levels directly correspond with lower unemployment rates in Albion. Figure 37: Employment by Industry, 2010-2019 3.8% 2.6% Public admin Other services, except public admin 2.4% 7.6% 11.5% 13.4% Arts, entmt., & recreation, accomm. & food services 24.8% Edu services, health care, social assistance Professional, scientific, mgmt., admin, waste mgmt. Finance & insurance, real estate, rental & leasing Information Transportation & warehousing, utilities Retail trade 6.3% 4.1% - 1.5% 2.0% 1.2% 3.3% 11.1% 9.0% 1.2% 0.6% Wholesale trade Manufacturing 19.2% 24.3% 1.5% 1.5% Construction Agri., forestry, fishing & hunting, mining 38.3% 5.4% 3.5% 0.0% 0.3% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% • 2010 • 2019 Albion is slowly transitioning away from a manufacturing economy—the industry shrunk by about 5% over the last decade; on the other hand, the “education services, health care, and social assistance” industry experienced the fastest growth, followed by the “transportation & warehousing, utilities” industry. Economic Development | 43 �Table 7: Employment by Industry – Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Industry City of Albion Albion Homer Township Township Homer Village Marshall City Agri., forestry, fishing & hunting, mining 0.3% 11.7% Construction 1.5% Manufacturing Marshall Sheridan Township Township Calhoun County Michigan 7.5% 5.0% 0.0% 2.3% 0.8% 1.4% 1.2% 3.4% 4.0% 4.5% 2.4% 3.3% 3.5% 4.1% 5.4% 19.2% 17.2% 34.3% 32.1% 19.3% 12.6% 29.1% 22.5% 18.6% Wholesale trade 0.6% 0.0% 1.2% 1.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 1.1% 2.4% Retail trade 9.0% 5.2% 9.0% 5.8% 13.0% 10.6% 10.2% 11.9% 10.8% Transportation & warehousing, utilities 3.3% 4.5% 1.6% 1.9% 4.9% 6.2% 5.8% 4.3% 4.4% Information 2.0% 0.9% 0.7% 0.4% 0.9% 1.6% 2.3% 1.1% 1.4% Finance & insurance, real estate, rental & leasing 4.1% 6.5% 3.4% 2.6% 3.3% 6.9% 2.5% 4.3% 5.4% Professional, scientific, mgmt., admin, waste mgmt. 3.5% 9.9% 4.9% 8.5% 6.2% 10.2% 8.0% 7.2% 9.5% Edu services, health care, social assistance 38.3% 25.5% 19.1% 23.3% 29.0% 28.6% 19.3% 22.8% 23.4% Arts, entmt., & recreation, accomm. & food services 13.4% 7.4% 4.9% 6.6% 11.2% 3.9% 12.0% 10.3% 9.6% Other services, except public admin 2.4% 3.8% 5.8% 3.4% 3.7% 8.2% 3.1% 4.6% 4.6% Public admin 2.6% 3.8% 3.5% 4.3% 5.5% 5.1% 2.6% 4.4% 3.4% Source: 2019 ACS Estimates Regionally, Albion tops the “education services, health care, and social assistance” and the “Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services” industries; Albion College’s strong presence in the community likely explains this trend. The City is also a strong competitor in the “retail trade” and “information” industries. The City falls behind in the agriculture, professional and management, and public administration sectors. 44 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �Table 8: Workforce Qualification, 2019 Industry Less than High School Diploma High School Diploma Some College Bachelor's Degree Advanced Degree (Master's / Doctoral / Professional) Total Management, business, science, and arts occupations Estimated Workers 21 133 161 134 150 598 Recommended Workers 8 46 116 194 231 595 +13 +87 +45 -60 -81 +3 Estimated Workers 67 222 142 33 8 472 Recommended Workers 61 182 242 111 28 623 Balance +6 +41 -99 -79 -20 -151 Balance Service occupations Sales and office occupations Estimated Workers 31 224 168 51 12 487 Recommended Workers 20 133 208 128 33 523 Balance +11 +91 -40 -77 -21 -36 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Estimated Workers 68 157 56 6 1 289 Recommended Workers 11 22 17 4 1 54 Balance +57 +135 +40 +3 0 +235 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations Estimated Workers 78 233 87 14 3 414 Recommended Workers 71 192 150 47 11 470 Balance +7 +41 -62 -33 -8 -56 Estimated Workers 265 969 615 238 174 2260 Recommended Workers 171 575 732 484 304 2265 Balance +94 +394 -116 -246 -130 -4 Total Estimated workers: Number of current workers in each occupation based on 2019 ACS estimates. Recommended workers: Recommended number of workers in each occupation based on national averages from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2019), scaled to the size of Albion. As the educational attainment level increases, the number of workers fall below the national averages (indicated in red), except in the “natural resources, construction, and maintenance” occupation. There is a shortage of jobs for workers who have a college degree or higher, especially in service occupations; supporting highly skilled employees is critical as they are essential to the current and future economy in Albion. Economic Development | 45 �Figure 38: Calhoun County Economic Trends by Industry, 2014-2019 2.5 Manufacturing 2 Health care & social assistance Retail trade 1.5 Location Quotient Public administration Arts, entertainment, & recreation 1 Agriculture, forestry, fishing & hunting Utilities Educational services Wholesale trade Information 0.5 Professional, scientific, & technical services Other services, except public administration 0 Real estate & rental & leasing Construction Mining, quarrying, & oil & gas extraction Finance & insurance Administrative & support & waste management services Transportation & warehousing Accommodation & food services -0.5 -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Employment Change The chart organizes Calhoun County’s industries into four categories: emerging industries, declining industries, mature industries, and growth industries. While Albion has also witnessed tremendous growth and economic opportunity in the “education services, health care, and social assistance” and the “Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services” sectors, the City has only captured a small portion of the emerging industries in the County. Retail trade is a mature industry in the County, but as shown in Table 7, there is opportunity for Albion to expand in this sector. REDEVELOPMENT PROPERTIES The Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) runs the Redevelopment Ready Communities (RRC) program, and the City of Albion is an RRC Certified® community. The certification acknowledges the City’s efforts to be transparent, predictable, and efficient in the economic development process. To achieve 46 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan certification, the City aligned with the program’s standards and best practices for planning, zoning, and economic development. One of the best practices is a routinely updated list of potential redevelopment sites that are underutilized and could better serve the community. The City of Albion has selected three priority redevelopment sites, summarized on the following pages. �Map 11: RRC Redevelopment Sites R R C R E D E VE L O P M E N T SI TE S 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P ½ I 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth Al b i on M i ch n E ri e Ash i si o n R i ver H av I rwi n Div 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey 406 S An n ¹ I i gan C a ss 3 2 I on i a i si o C l i n ton Div 5 00 N B erri en D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k 1 B erri en 6 00 Au sti n H an n ah te i n H u ron B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I R ed evel op m en t S i te D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es I Economic Development | 47 �1 AUSTIN 600 BLOCK PROPERTY DESCRIPTION The 600 Austin Block site is well-suited for mixed-use and commercial development that could provide goods and services to residents of adjacent neighborhoods, Albion Industrial Park employees, travelers, and users of adjacent McAuliffe Park. 600 Austin Block was historically a commercial corridor populated with BIPOC owned businesses that made for an attractive gateway from the west into the City. As commercial development moved towards the I-94 interchange, many businesses along Austin Ave closed. Infill development would fulfill the desire of citizens to bring back a sense of vibrancy and community once associated with this historically important commercial corridor. BASIC SITE INFORMATION ZONE Mixed Use SIZE 19,253 sf UTILITIES Electric, gas, sewer, water FEATURES Build to suit OWNER Albion Brownfield Authority SALES PRICE Negotiate terms COMMUNITY VISION Residents have expressed the idea that 600 Austin Block could be developed as a flexible community space with infrastructure that would allow it to support Food Truck rallies or small, seasonal Pop-up Businesses, particularly BIPOC-owned businesses. 48 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �2 UNION STEEL BERRIEN PROPERTY DESCRIPTION Union Steel Berrien includes two sites along an existing rail spur, just north of Michigan Avenue (M-99), and walking distance from downtown and the Albion College campus. Residential properties and small businesses on currently surround the parcels. The Albion Economic Development Corporation is accepting proposals from firms with an interest in developing these parcels. The City Planning Commission and City Council hold the right to approve or deny specific building site developments based on codes and covenants. This location has ready information on the following: Target Market Analysis, some Environmental Reports, soil conditions, demographic data, natural features, and GIS information. BASIC SITE INFORMATION ZONE Residential; Mixed Use available SIZE 9.94 acres UTILITIES Electric, gas, sewer, water FEATURES Build to suit OWNER Calhoun County Land Bank (parcel 1); Albion Brownfield Authority (parcel 2) SALES PRICE Negotiate terms COMMUNITY VISION The City of Albion Economic Development Corporation is in the process of developing a Place Plan for the site. The property is well suited for residential development, and the Place Plan will outline types of residential development that would be appropriate for the site. Economic Development | 49 �3 DALRYMPLE SCHOOL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION The Dalrymple School site is a prime location connected to infrastructure that could be developed with a variety of housing types that the Albion community desires. The site is inside a well-established residential area within four blocks of downtown Albion, one-half mile away from highway M-99, and less than two miles from the Eaton Street commercial corridor and I-94 interchange, making it a desirable location for commuters. Holland Park, which includes a playground and picnic pavilion, is just three blocks north of the Dalrymple School site. Downtown Albion is vibrant and growing; the Albion River Trail runs alongside the Kalamazoo River; and Albion College northeast of downtown, offering educational, cultural, and recreational opportunities for residents. BASIC SITE INFORMATION ZONE Residential SIZE 10.93 acres UTILITIES Electric, gas, sewer, water FEATURES Build to suit OWNER City of Albion SALES PRICE Negotiate terms COMMUNITY VISION The community’s vision for this infill site is based on the desire to see new housing development in already-established residential areas. Desired housing centers around “missing middle” housing that is attractive to residents of all ages who seek smaller homes on smaller lots that are easier to maintain. The community has overwhelmingly expressed the desire to see a variety of new singleand multi-family housing located in or adjacent to already established neighborhoods, and nearby to commercial areas, and social, arts and cultural and recreational amenities. 50 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �LAND USE 8 Source: City of Albion Land Use | 51 �Map 12: Existing Land Use E XI STI N G L AN D U SE 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P ½ I 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en ¹ I i gan n C a ss Div C l i n ton n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e F i n l ey E a ton E ri e Ash i si o H an n ah M i ch I on i a i si o H u ron Al b i on Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l R i ver H av I rwi n en B Al b i on ¹ I 0 R esi d en ti a l , I m p roved I n d u stri a l , I m p roved E xem p t, Loca l R esi d en ti a l , Va ca n t I n d u stri a l , Va ca n t E xem p t, E d u ca ti on C om m erci a l , I m p roved E xem p t, F ed era l E xem p t, R el i g i ou s C om m erci a l , Va ca n t E xem p t, S ta te E xem p t, O th er 0. 2 5 52 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n 0. 5 M i l es C ou n ty G I S �Table 9: Existing Land Use LAND USE ACRES PERCENT OF TOTAL 383.7 15.5% Improved 212.8 8.6% Vacant 170.9 6.9% 175.6 7.1% Improved 136.3 5.5% Vacant 39.3 1.6% 1127.1 45.6% Improved 722.2 29.2% Vacant 404.9 16.4% Commercial Industrial Residential Exempt 787.2 31.8% Federal 0.9 0.0% State 7.8 0.3% Local 534.8 21.6% Education 180.4 7.3% Religious 51.5 2.1% Other 11.9 0.5% 2473.7 100.0% Total Source: City of Albion Assessor EXISTING LAND USE The Existing Land Use map shows the relationships among the City’s fundamental land use categories. Because land is taxed based on how it is used, the map is based on information from Albion’s City Assessor. The “exempt” categories refer to land which is not taxed, usually due to ownership by local, state, or Federal government as well as religious exemptions. Any City-owned land is considered “local exempt,” which includes areas such as parks, City buildings, or City-owned redevelopment properties. The land use pattern in Albion in many ways epitomizes a mature small American city. The river and the railroad are the features that defined its establishment, and they figure prominently in the City’s core. Dense commercial uses dominate the center of the City, threaded through by parkland offering access to the Kalamazoo River. It also contains some of the City’s major redevelopment potential in the form of once-industrial sites that no longer rely on the river and rail as transportation assets. Residential development radiates outward from the core, beginning in a tight grid pattern, then a looser grid, and finally including suburban culde-sec development toward the edges. Industrial development has relocated from the center of town to the eastern and western outskirts. Albion College is a significant land use on the east side of the City that stretches northward from the river, straddles the southern rail branch, and crosses M-99. In this context, “vacant” properties are those which do not have a structure on them—sometimes also referred to as “unimproved.” These are development and redevelopment opportunities, and Albion contains both. Along the northern and southern edges of the City are large parcels suitable for unified development. Throughout the City are residential and commercial properties which are already situated within a neighborhood context that can host individualized redevelopment. Land Use | 53 �ZONING In 2018, the City of Albion adopted a fully revised Zoning Code that significantly decreased the number of zoning districts. This generally has the effect of increasing development flexibility, since the constraints must be loose enough to accommodate a wide variety of site conditions and existing uses. The new zoning map contains just eight districts (compared to the former 19 districts). The Residential categories demonstrate this flexibility clearly: the majority of the residential land in the City now accommodates multifamily development, even though most of it is already developed with single-family homes. Redevelopment of sites within this district can therefore proceed according to the specific context: where new multifamily is supported by the market, it may occur. Over time, this can lead to the creation of neighborhoods that have better income diversity than the standard practice of rigidly enforcing uniform lot and building sizes in a variety of highly specialized districts. Albion’s commercial zoning is similarly simplified. Where the commercial areas have a distinct and identifiable form, they are given their own districts: Albion City Hall. Source: City of Albion 54 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan the Central Business District of traditional “Main Street” development, and the suburban-style and auto-oriented commercial development that surrounds the I-94 interchange on the north side of the City. But where a traditional zoning district might try to establish several “business” categories to accommodate convenience shopping, office, and service uses that congregate around major arterials, Albion takes the approach of simply designating all arterial-fronting parcels as Mixed Use. This has a key advantage of reflecting how these arterials are actually used. For example, single-family homes are frequently converted to low-intensity businesses, which can now be done without a weighty rezoning process. Office uses, sometimes segregated into their own district, flourish in the presence of retail and restaurant amenities. Furthermore, because commercial and multifamily residential uses often share similar functional characteristics, they can now be sited at the place in the corridor where they make the most contextual sense. The remaining three districts are generally characterized by large-scale development. Industrial districts are separated into two classes based on intensity, while the Campus Development District accommodates Albion College. �Map 13: Zoning ZO N I N G 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P ½ I 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en n i gan C a ss Div E ri e Ash i si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton ¹ I H an n ah M i ch I on i a i si o H u ron Al b i on Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l R i ver H av I rwi n en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P 0 i on ¹ I R -1 : S i n g l e F a m i l y R esi d en ti a l D i stri ct C B D : C en tra l B u si n ess D i stri ct R -2 : M u l ti p l e F a m i l y R esi d en ti a l D i stri ct C D D : C a m p u s D evel op m en t D i stri ct C : G en era l C om m erci a l D i stri ct M -1 : Li g h t I n d u stri a l D i stri ct M U : M i xed U se D i stri ct M -2 : H ea vy I n d u stri a l D i stri ct 0. 2 5 D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n 0. 5 M i l es C ou n ty G I S Land Use | 55 �FUTURE LAND USE A Future Land Use Map is a policy document that is used to inform zoning decisions. It is often more generalized than the zoning map. The Albion Future Land Use Map focuses on use types, leaving intensity distinctions to the Zoning Ordinance. As a decision-making tool, this is in keeping with the maximum-flexibility approach demonstrated in the Zoning Ordinance. The Future Land Use Map is generally consulted as a guide for rezoning requests, to determine whether the proposed new zone is in keeping with the same desired future and area characteristics. (A rezoning which is not aligned with the adopted future land use map should be accompanied by a well-justified amendment to the Future Land Use Map via the statutory process in the Michigan Planning Enabling Act.) The Future Land Use Map is also an important tool when the City considers amendments to the Zoning Ordinance as it helps ensure that any changes align with the City’s desired future. Albion River Trail. Source: City of Albion 56 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan An exception to this singular focus on use rather than form is the designation of the Downtown on the Future Land Use Map. The downtown is a unique area that relies heavily on its form to achieve aims that support the district’s uses: walkability, customer-sharing among businesses, and the creation of a cohesive sense of place that is the City’s distinct identity. Where investment has already been made in buildings, streets, sidewalks, storefronts, and public spaces to achieve these goals, such investments should be protected by a policy that recognizes them and provides a procedural opportunity for the City to reserve sites with these characteristics for appropriate uses. The Zoning Plan on the following page shows the relationship between the Future Land Use classifications and the districts in the Albion Zoning Ordinance. The Michigan Planning Enabling Act requires this section to note any changes that must be made to the Zoning Ordinance so that it is aligned with the Future Land Use Map; however, the Albion Zoning Ordinance was adopted so recently that it accurately reflects the policies in this document. �Map 14: Future Land Use F U TU R E L AN D U SE 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P ½ I 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en n i gan C a ss i si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton Div E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n ¹ I H an n ah M i ch I on i a i si o H u ron Al b i on Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b i on R esi d en ti a l C om m erci a l AL B I O N TO WN S H I P M i xed U se ¹ I D own town C ol l eg e M a n u fa ctu ri n g D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Land Use | 57 �Table 10: Zoning Plan FLU CATEGORY Residential CORRESPONDING ZONING DISTRICT(S) R-1 Single Family Residential R-2 Multiple Family Residential INTENT This category is defined by the predominance of residential uses, and by the limitation of other uses to those which support, and do not compromise, the residential character of the area. These include community institutions (schools, churches), human care and social assistance services, professional offices, cultural uses, and wind energy systems. Low-to-medium density development in the R1 district is enforced by lot size, building coverage, dwelling size, and setback regulations. In the medium-to-high density R2 district, these regulations are scaled down to permit a compatible co-mingling of single-, two-family, and multiple-family dwelling units of similar residential characteristics. Commercial C General Commercial This category is limited to retail business and services, especially those which are auto oriented, in areas that abut major thoroughfares. There are no limits on lot size or coverage. Mixed Use MU Mixed Use This category accommodates the widest range of permitted uses: residential, office, retail and foodservice, entertainment, and service uses in addition to other compatible and supporting uses. Non-residential properties bear the responsibility of buffering and screening from residential uses; lot and structure specifications mirror those in the higher-density residential district. Downtown CBD Central Business Downtown offers retail and office services which serve the needs of a consumer trade area that extends beyond the corporate boundaries of the City. It is characterized by vigorous pedestrian activity and a unified architectural scale, and it is intended to be the most intensely developed area of the City. This is enforced by several regulations which apply only to this area, including a minimum building height, a build-to line in place of a front setback, and the ability to defer parking requirements to municipal lots. Specific design regulations are intended to prioritize pedestrian convenience and prohibit auto orientation, encourage a continuous retail frontage, provide employment opportunities, fully utilize downtown buildings including all stories, balance auto access with congestion and parking concerns, and preserve the existing historic character. Manufacturing M1 Light Industrial This category is composed of land with characteristics or context that make it suitable for industrial development. It is divided into two zoning districts which are defined by their impacts on neighboring districts: permitted uses in the M-1 Light Industrial district are expected to fully contain their impacts within the district, whereas the M-2 district is designed to permit the normal operations of almost all industries while acknowledging that nearby nonindustrial development may be directly affected. This distinction is accomplished through the siting of the districts as a whole, as their site-specific dimensional regulations are consistent. M2 Heavy Industrial College CDD Campus Development 58 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan The College category recognizes the unique aspects of campus development, including on-site residential and recreation opportunities, nearly exclusive nonmotorized transportation inside its boundaries, and unified development control. Regulation centers on ensuring that properties under the control of Albion College are well-integrated into the community fabric. �IMPLEMENTATION 9 Source: City of Albion Good planning uses data and preferences to shape a preferred course of action. In this section, findings from the previous sections and the community engagement series are used to build an Action Plan of strategies to advance Albion toward its goals over the planning horizon. The Albion 2017 Comprehensive Plan laid out a series of goals and objectives which were used as the starting point for this formulation. These were reviewed for continued relevancy by a team of City stakeholders, and this team elected to remove two of the goals and fine-tune the wording of two others. The updated goals are presented below, along with supporting data and public input. The action items derived from this information include assignment of a responsible party, partners, and timelines to help organize and facilitate implementation. Implementation | 59 �COMMUNITY PROFILE SUMMARY » Albion is experiencing population decline at a much higher rate than the surrounding communities and the county, signaling that people are migrating outwards. » Population has an impact on state revenue sharing: the City will receive reduced state funding as a result of the decline documented in the 2020 Census results. » The City is seeing a net growth of the student-age population (ages 15-34). Retaining the youth population while simultaneously addressing the needs of the aging baby boomer generation will be crucial to controlling population decline. » The growing household and family sizes in the City indicate that the City also needs to be viable for families, which may be achieved by providing suitable housing options, higher-level and higher-paying jobs, and improving other quality-of-life aspects in Albion. » Providing an array of housing formats at different levels of affordability will be imperative in equitably supporting the different demographics such as students, seniors, families, single-parent households, veterans, and persons with disabilities. » The net increase in employment since 2017, combined with reducing poverty rates, point towards a recovering economy and job market. However, the low median income remains concerning as a large percentage of the workforce is not engaged. » Nearly 45% of Albion’s population aged 16 years of age and over are not currently in the labor force; reengaging this population will be crucial in reducing the unemployment rate (currently at 8.5%), increasing the median income, and strengthening the overall economy of Albion. » Albion is transitioning from a manufacturing-based economy to a service- and consumer-based economy. With the City’s support, the growing “education services, health care, and social assistance” and “arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation & food services” industries can create new job opportunities. COMMUNITY INPUT » A majority of survey respondents valued the presence of a diverse community as one of Albion’s best characteristics. Source: City of Albion 60 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �COMMUNITY GOAL 1: Build a capacity and a network of organizations and services to promote growth and meet the needs of residents who cannot afford basic services. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Update comprehensive community needs Planning & assessments and asset maps to prioritize assets Zoning and determine needs EDC, MDOT, Housing Commission, DHHS, CMH 1-2 years (b) Strengthen Albion's workforce development EDC, Planning network and connect Albion's talent base with & Zoning employment resources and opportunities EDC, Michigan Works, Albion College Career and Internship Center 1-3 years (c) Support healthcare access and wellness programming in Albion Recreation Healthcare providers, patient advocacy groups, transportation services, AmeriCorps VISTA, Oaklawn, Healthcare Alliance 1-3 years (d) Develop a comprehensive resource guide to facilitate and improve access to community services City Departments Albion Housing Commission, Code Enforcement, Public Safety, USDA Rural Development 1-2 years COMMUNITY GOAL 2: Forge local, regional, and global partnerships that support the City of Albion - its people, its needs, and its opportunities. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY City Departments PARTNERS TIMEFRAME Local businesses, faith communities, and nonprofits; AmeriCorps; Albion Healthcare Alliance; Community Food Table; United Way; Albion College; Albion Community Foundation 1-3 years Local businesses, farms, and faith communities; Albion Community Gardens, farmers market; Sprout Urban Farms 1-5 years (a) Assess community needs, increase organizational capacity and expand access to education, health care, quality food, economic opportunity and the overall quality of life for all residents (b) Develop a local food culture through increased EDC access to healthy food and nutrition education that utilizes community resources (c) Strengthen and increase the number of strategic collaborations with global partners that bring international perspectives and attention to Albion Elected officials; Albion Sister City Committee, Administration Albion College, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-enYvelines, Gerstacker Institute, Sup de Vente 1- 5 years (d) Expand and implement a comprehensive marketing strategy, working in collaboration with partner entities, to promote Albion as a desirable place in which to live, play, study, and invest DDA 1-5 years EDC, Chamber of Commerce Implementation | 61 �HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS SUMMARY » Albion would benefit from housing diversity, especially “missing middle” housing. » The total number of housing units has decreased by 15% since 2010. » Approximately 56% of the housing stock was built before 1950. » Albion’s median housing value is affordable in comparison to surrounding communities. » A 2015 housing target market analysis highlighted demand for new housing units in and around downtown Albion. » Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) may be particularly suitable for the students, young adults, and seniors who, together, constitute a large proportion of Albion’s population. Housing along the Kalamazoo River. Source: City of Albion 62 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan COMMUNITY INPUT » More survey respondents indicated that they would like to live in rowhouses/ townhouses, duplexes, or above a commercial use than currently live in those formats; some respondents indicated that lack of availability is a barrier. » Students selected “housing options” as one of the top characteristics of a community they would like to live in. » “Housing affordability” was cited by 30% of survey respondents as an asset to the community. » A majority of survey respondents (70%) agreed that the city would benefit from a rental housing ordinance �HOUSING GOAL 1: Strengthen and beautify Albion’s neighborhoods. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Develop and implement neighborhood plans for each neighborhood in the City with substantial and equitable participation to eliminate blight, improve public safety and environmental health, ensure complete neighborhoods, and document local redevelopment preferences Planning and Zoning Neighborhood groups 1-10 years (b) Identify neighborhood groups who can serve as ambassadors and champions for their respective areas Planning and Zoning Neighborhood groups 1-3 years (c) Work with private and nonprofit housing developers and others to encourage infill forms of development and the redevelopment of vacant, underutilized, and brownfield sites Planning and Zoning Private and nonprofit housing developers; HUD; MSHDA; RRC 1-10 years (d) Develop and implement a certification/ registration program for rental and vacant properties Planning and Zoning Code Enforcement &. Building Safety, Land Bank, elected officials 1-2 years (e) Planning and Zoning Code Enforcement &. Building Safety, Land Bank, elected officials 1-2 years Develop a rental inspection ordinance to ensure that rental properties are regularly inspected for safety. HOUSING GOAL 2: Provide a diverse range of high-quality housing options for all income levels and life stages. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY (a) Expand, diversify, and market housing options to meet the needs of residents of varying life stages, lifestyles and income levels (e.g. Senior/retirement living, College corridor neighborhood, downtown lofts, affordable and low income housing, etc.) Planning and Zoning; EDC (b) Encourage all new commercial development in and around the downtown to include a residential element Planning and Zoning; EDC PARTNERS TIMEFRAME Private and nonprofit housing developers; HUD; MSHDA; RRC 1-10 years Ongoing Implementation | 63 �PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY » The Kalamazoo River is Albion’s defining physical feature. The City was founded at the forks of the Kalamazoo River, which runs through the downtown and provides local and regional recreational opportunities. » A feasibility study to determine the viability of removing the five dams in the Kalamazoo River within City limits is scheduled to be completed in 2022. » The City must manage impacts which spill over from the river to the community at large. Development in any portion of a floodplain can exacerbate flooding events, as can the removal of wetlands. » Highly impervious areas increase stormwater runoff, putting pressure on stormwater and sewer system and potentially causing flooding and drinking water contamination. » The presence of trees or other green infrastructure methods near highly impervious areas can often mitigate many of their negative externalities by absorbing excessive runoff and filtering water. » Upgrading aging water and sewer infrastructure is a top priority for Albion, including installing a new water tower and replacing lead and copper lines. » Sustainable redevelopment, defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, is the desired approach in Albion. This includes reusing portions of existing structures, minimizing impervious surfaces, using low impact development techniques, and promoting green infrastructure. » Albion’s River Trail runs through Albion for three miles along the Kalamazoo River and serves as both a recreational and economic resource. » Albion is the central point of four regional and national trail systems, and has been designated as a “Trail Town,” meaning it has created a welcoming environment with amenities such as bicycle and kayak racks and picnic tables at access points, and wayfinding signage and kiosks to encourage trail users to visit downtown businesses. » Albion is also on the proposed Kalamazoo River water trail, a joint effort with the Southcentral Michigan Planning Council, the Potawatomi Resource Conservation and Development Council, and the Kalamazoo River Watershed Council. 64 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �COMMUNITY INPUT » Recreation options, including the parks and the riverfront, were identified as some of Albion’s best assets in the community survey. » Residents and students both identified recreational amenities as a community strength at their respective community meetings. » 85% of survey respondents felt that natural features are an asset to Albion. » Survey-takers expressed support for activities protecting and preserving water quality, open space, wetland, and tree canopy. PHYSICAL GOAL 1: Support networks and systems that promote healthy living. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Provide preservation and recreational land uses along the Kalamazoo River and the Albion River Trail Recreation Advisory Commission Planning and Zoning, DDA, EDC Ongoing (b) Continue to provide wayfinding and amenities to serve and attract users of the four regional and national trail systems that converge in Albion Recreation Advisory Commission Planning and Zoning, DDA, EDC Ongoing (c) Continue to work with the Kalamazoo River Watershed Council, the Southcentral Michigan Planning Council, and the Potawatomi Resource Conservation and Development Council to develop Albion as Water Trail destination Recreation Advisory Commission, Planning and Zoning DDA, EDC, Kalamazoo River Watershed Council, the Southcentral Michigan Planning Council, and the Potawatomi Resource Conservation and Development Council 1-10 years (d) Enhance safe walking and cycling routes for citizens through transportation, land use, and design decisions Planning and Zoning Planning Commission, Administration, Public Safety, Recreation, Street Department 1-5 years Bridge across the Kalamazoo River. Source: City of Albion Implementation | 65 �PHYSICAL GOAL 2: Deliver high-quality municipal services that improve the quality of life in Albion. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Upgrade aging water and sewer infrastructure, Public Services including installing a new water tower Administration, Street Department, 1-5 years (b) Replace all lead and copper water lines Public Services Administration, Water and Sewer 1-20 years (c) Maintain the Capital Improvements Plan to enhance and maintain quality technological and physical infrastructure, including roads and sidewalks; parking; water, sewer, and storm sewer utilities, dam and millrace removal Administration Planning Commission (d) Evaluate and implement appropriate fiber optic communications and other emerging technology infrastructure Public Services Elected officials; Administration (e) Complete the feasibility study addressing the possibility of removing the City’s dams Administration MDNR; EGLE; consultant; Albion College (f) Planning and Zoning Administration, EGLE, consultant 1-2 years (g) Consider developing site standards to limit impervious surface coverage in addition to building coverage Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years (h) Require street trees as part of site design Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years (i) Clearly permit the use of low-impact development techniques to meet landscaping requirements, especially in parking lots Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years (j) Consider formal preservation or protection of local assets that provide ecosystem services, including water, trees, wetlands, and open spaces Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years Launch a community engagement process to disseminate the results of the dam removal feasibility study and to understand level of public support for its recommendations 66 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 1 year 1-5 years 1 year �TRANSPORTATION & CIRCULATION SUMMARY COMMUNITY INPUT » The direct connectivity of Albion’s downtown and commercial center with an interstate is highly beneficial for the economic health of the City. » Increased transportation options was the fourthhighest priority at the Albion visioning session. » However, the City has limited influence over the design of these arterials. » Survey respondents prioritized pedestrianand bicycle-friendly infrastructure » A little over 65% of all roads in Albion are in poor condition. » Maintaining public infrastructure was the second-highest challenge named by survey respondents. » Albion is developing a Transportation Asset Management Plan to provide guidance for the use of funds generated by a proposed road millage. » The four-way intersection between Austin Avenue and N. Eaton Street witnessed the highest number of vehicular crashes. Other troubled intersections included the junction where N. Eaton Street meets W. Broadwell Street and Bemer Street, and the railway crossing where N. Superior Street meets Michigan Avenue. » Community engagement findings during the rebuilding of Superior Street revealed a strong preference against bike lanes which are unprotected from motorized traffic. » There was a concentration of pedestrian and bicycle crashes at or near two major intersections: Austin Avenue and N. Eaton Street and N. Superior Street and Michigan Avenue. » Albion is located on Amtrak’s Detroitto-Chicago route, which is experiencing upgraded accelerated service. » Albion has a high percentage of commuters who walk to work—over five times higher than the state proportion. Albion Train Station. Source: City of Albion Implementation | 67 �TRANSPORTATION GOAL 1: Improve Albion’s transportation network to accommodate and promote various modes, including walking, biking, automobiles, passenger rail, and public transportation. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Develop a motorized public transportation plan Street Department; Administration Administration, Planning and Zoning, Calhoun County, Albion­-Marshall Connector, MDOT, Street Department 1-5 years (b) Develop a nonmotorized transportation plan that identifies priority multimodal routes and the improvements needed to achieve comfort for various user types using MDOT’s Multi Modal Development and Delivery Guidebook Planning and Zoning Planning Commission, Administration, Public Safety, Street Department, Calhoun County Trailway Alliance, North Country Trail Association/Chief Noonday Chapter, and Friends of Albion Trails 1-10 years (c) Encourage walking, biking and other recreation by strengthening Albion's nonmotorized trail network within the city as well as its connections with the region's nonmotorized network Planning and Zoning, Administration, Street Department, Recreation Advisory Commission Iron-Belle Trail, North Country Trail, Kalamazoo River Water Trail, Michigan Trails and Greenways Alliance (Great Lake to Lake Trail), Michigan Department of Natural Resources (Iron Belle Trail), Calhoun County Trailway Alliance, Friends of Albion Trails, Kalamazoo River Watershed Council, Calhoun County Parks Department. 1-3 years (d) Continue to work cooperatively with MDOT, AMTRAK and other regional transportation partners and authorities to coordinate and improve major streets and other public transit systems Street Department, Administration MDOT, AMTRAK and other regional transportation partners 1-10 years (e) Engage with AMTRAK to learn about the expected impact of accelerated service; consider station improvements as needed Planning and Zoning; Administration AMTRAK (f) Use MDOT’s “Guide for Installation of Pedestrian Crosswalks on Michigan State Trunkline Highways” to review each of the City’s troubled intersections Planning and Zoning Street Department 68 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 1-3 years �TRANSPORTATION GOAL 2: Focus planning and resources to enhance and transform the City’s major corridors (Superior Street, Austin Avenue, Eaton Street, Michigan Avenue). ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Develop a Corridor Improvement Plan that strengthens the visual and physical connections between the Downtown Commercial District, Albion College, the 1-94 Business Corridor, Austin Avenue, and the south entrance on M-99 Planning and Zoning EDC 1-5 years (b) Enhance the City's major gateways with appropriate landscaping, street-scaping, signage, and branding Planning and Zoning EDC 1-10 years (c) Fill in gaps in sidewalk coverage on Eaton Street and Michigan Avenue Planning and Zoning Street Department, MDOT 5 years (d) Use MDOT’s “Guide for Installation of Pedestrian Crosswalks on Michigan State Trunkline Highways” to improve each of the crossings in the corridors Planning and Zoning Street Department, MDOT 1-3 years (e) Require street trees as part of site development standards specifically in these corridors Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years (f) Install lighting that is scaled and oriented toward the pedestrian Planning and Zoning EDC 1-10 years (g) Add street furniture such as benches and waste receptacles where appropriate Planning and Zoning EDC 1-10 years (h) Explore the possibility of establishing a Corridor Improvement Authority Administration Elected officials, Planning and Zoning 1-2 years (i) Work with surrounding municipalities to extend/connect Albion's major corridors to the region (e.g. establishing an MLK corridor between Albion and Marshall, and complementing corridors with non­motorized, regional trail systems) Recreation Advisory Commission Calhoun County Trailway Alliance, Calhoun County 1-5 years Implementation | 69 �ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY » Albion has lower labor force participation than surrounding communities (51%). » There is a high unemployment rate for persons below the poverty level and persons with a disability. •0 » Higher educational levels directly correspond with lower unemployment rates in Albion. » The number of workers in the manufacturing economy shrank by about 5% over the last decade. » “Education services, health care, and social assistance” experienced the fastest growth, followed by the “transportation & warehousing, utilities” industry. » Regionally, Albion has the most residents employed in the “education services, health care, and social assistance” and the “Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services” industries; it is also a strong performer in the “retail trade” and “information” industries. Cl( 3 f~llo IJU » The City falls behind the region in the agriculture, professional and management, and public administration sectors. » There is a shortage of jobs for workers who have a college degree or higher, especially in service occupations. The Bohm Theatre. Source: City of Albion 70 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan ...... ~- .' .. •• ...•• -~ •• I ~ ' �COMMUNITY INPUT » Downtown investment and recruiting new businesses were two items most frequently cited by Albion visioning session participants as something the community has done well. » A youth-oriented community with activities and spaces was the top priority at the Albion visioning session. » Abating and redeveloping contaminated sites was the third-highest collective priority at Albion’s visioning session. Several brownfield or contaminated sites were identified as both weaknesses and opportunities by Albion citizens. » Youth selected “high paying jobs” as one of the top characteristics of a community they would like to live in. » A majority of students (57%) felt their career goals could not be met in Albion. When asked type of career they were planning, the largest share of students selected professions: legal (29%) or management, business, and finance (24%). » The top three challenges named by survey respondents were all economic in nature (employment opportunities, a thriving downtown, and blighted structures). » Over three-fourths of survey respondents have noticed an improvement in the downtown over the last five years. » When asked to prioritize the top three elements of downtown for attention, survey respondents selected building facades, beautiful public spaces, and pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly infrastructure. » Survey respondents said that restaurants, events, and entertainment are the top features that draw them downtown currently. » Retail options were cited in the survey as the top opportunity to make the downtown more lively and vibrant. Downtown upper facades. Source: City of Albion Implementation | 71 �ECONOMIC GOAL 1: Retain and attract jobs to Albion by supporting business growth, development, and attraction. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Encourage broader participation with local stakeholders (public, private, nonprofit, educational institutions, civic, and business) in the formulation of Albion's economic diversification strategy Administration EDC; public, private, nonprofit, educational institutions, civic, and business 1-3 years (b) Continue support for programs and initiatives that foster entrepreneurship (e.g. promote Albion business incubators and encourage entrepreneurship among all segments of the population, including minorities, women, youth) EDC DDA, Chamber of Commerce, local businesses 1-10 years (c) Support local businesses with a proactive business retention and development strategy EDC DDA, Chamber of Commerce 1-3 years (d) Encourage reuse and redevelopment of brownfield sites EDC DDA, Chamber of Commerce 1-10 years ECONOMIC GOAL 2: Stabilize the downtown, enhance its historic character, and support its economic growth. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Find creative ways to increase the number of Downtown Development Authority (DDA) initiatives Administration DDA 1-3 years (b) Analyze and evaluate the City's parking situation and create a plan for improving parking management and balancing parking space supply with demand Planning and Zoning Consultant 1-3 years (c) Expand the downtown tax base and maintain a fiscally healthy balance between taxable and non-taxable properties DDA EDC 1-5 years (d) Attract commercial development to the downtown that will serve the needs of the community and complement the existing mix of businesses (e.g. restaurants, retail, entertainment, etc.) EDC Chamber of Commerce, DDA 3-5 years (e) Continue to create incentives and attractions for residents, college students and tourists to visit the downtown (e.g. Hotel, Bohm Theater, Kids ‘N’ Stuff, the Ludington Center) EDC Chamber of Commerce; Albion College; Planning and Zoning, DDA 1-5 years 72 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �APPENDIX The Appendices include all results from the community engagement efforts that were conducted as part of the Comprehensive Planning process. The results listed do not reflect the views of City Administration but is the raw data generated by participants. A. Community Survey Results B. Youth Survey Results C. Youth Engagement Scenario Activity Results D. Community Visioning Results: Collective Priorities E. Youth Engagement Asset Mapping Results F. Community Visioning Asset Mapping Results Appendix | 73 �Appendix A. Community Survey Results B R (J) Beckett&Raeder Albion Comprehensive Plan Survey Summary Respondents The Albion Comprehensive Plan Survey was distributed through a variety of methods, including social media, posting on the City’s website, announced at a Council meeting, included in an Albion College enewsletter, and promoted through word of mouth. Among all these methods, a total of 116 people were reached. How did you hear about the survey? Church Albion College enews Other (please specify) Word of mouth Social media City website Newspaper Survey respondents were asked what their connection was to the City of Albion and permitted to select all that apply (thus totals do not equal 100%). Most respondents indicated that they live within the City limits, and almost a quarter (25%) both live and work in the City. A smaller number work or do business in the City but live elsewhere (9% and 11% respectively), and 15% said they study in Albion. 1 74 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder What is your connection to the City of Albion? (Check all that apply) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% I was born in I moved to Albion, Albion, and raised, and currently live currently live within city within limits Albion city limits I study in Albion I work and I work within I do business I do business Other (please live within Albion city and live within specify) Albion city limits but live within Albion city limits elsewhere Albion city limits but live limits elsewhere Among those who live in the City, the largest portion of survey-takers have been here all their lives (21%), followed by those who have been residents for at least 20 years (18%). Comparable proportions were quite or relatively new to the city (15% arrived this year and 16% have been here 7 years or less), and a similar-sized group had returned to the City after a period away (15%). What year did you move to Albion? 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% I I This year (2020- Between 2015- Between 2010- Between 20002021) 2019 2014 2010 Before 2000 I was born here, I was born and left for raised here, and school/career, have never left. and moved back. 2 Appendix | 75 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder When sorted by precinct, the largest number of responses was from Precinct 4 (21%), followed by Precinct 3 (18%). The lowest response rate was from Precinct 1 (5%), followed by a tie between Precincts 5 and 6 (12%). 20% of respondents live outside the City limits. VOTING PRECINCTS A few demographic questions were asked in order to gauge the representativeness of the survey; that is, how closely the characteristics of survey-takers match the characteristics of the City as a whole. Respondents’ answers are compared to American Community Survey (2019) data below. Overall, the survey was wellrepresented in terms of age and households with children. It was less racially representative, though a significant number of respondents declined to indicate their race. With regard to housing tenure status, renters were clearly underrepresented. There was an underrepresentation of Black/African American respondents and Hispanic/Latino respondents by 17 and six *Precinct boundaries have changed since the community survey. percentage points respectively. White This map shows the precinct boundaries when participants respondents were overrepresented compared to completed the survey. American Community Survey (ACS) data by five percentage points. However, more than one in five respondents declined to identify their race—a margin that could significantly affect the skew of the results. These tallies do not add up to 100% because respondents were permitted to select more than one response. How would you identify yourself? Answer Choices American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic / Latino Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander White Prefer not to say or skipped question Other (please specify) Responses 1% 1% 12% 3% 0% 64% 22% 2% ACS 0% 1% 29% 9% 0% 59% The highest proportion of survey respondents reported their age at 45-55 years old (26%), and the age ranges bracketing that segment had the next-highest response (17% and 14%). There was significant representation from ages 18-24, which is somewhat of an anomaly in comparable surveys. One obvious 3 76 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder difference from the ACS data is that 28% of Albion residents are children, none of whom took the survey. However, the data from the next chart shows that 30% of the people who did respond have children in their households, and their responses are presumed to have those children’s interest in mind. More than one in ten survey-takers declined to give their age. What age group do you fall into? Answer Choices Under 18 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Unknown Responses 0% 14% 8% 17% 26% 14% 9% 12% ACS 28% 17% 11% 8% 12% 11% 9% 65% of respondents had no children in the home, which is a lower proportion than the ACS records for Albion households overall. The ACS does not track number of children per household. How many members of your household are under the age of 18? Answer Choices Responses 0 65% 1 8% 2 18% 3 6% More than 3 2% ACS 70% There was a significant difference between the tenure status of survey respondents and the overall population in Albion, particularly where renters are concerned. 12% of respondents are “not responsible for their own housing costs,” perhaps because they are students, which the ACS data does not capture. What is your housing tenure status? Answer Choices I am a renter I am a homeowner Not responsible for own housing costs Skipped question Responses 18% 66% 12% 3% ACS 42% 58% Quality of Life The highest proportion of respondents (47%) reported that the quality of life in Albion was “average,” while 28% reported that it was “good,” and 3% selected “excellent.” Of those dissatisfied, 19% described quality of life as “poor” and 4% said it was “very poor.” 4 Appendix | 77 �B CD R Beckett&Raeder In general, how would you rate the quality of life in Albion? 60% 40% 20% 0% Excellent Good Average Poor Very Poor When asked what factors influenced that rating for each respondent individually, participants gave the most favorable assessments to family life, followed by work-life balance and health and safety. The poorest assessments were of education, financial security, and job satisfaction. Taken together, these results suggest that the social aspects of the City are outperforming its economic aspects. Environmental quality ranked squarely in the middle. For you individually, how would you rate the following quality-of-life characteristics in Albion? 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% .IL L l . LI I I • Education Financial security I Job Environmental Civic satisfaction quality engagement • Excellent • Good • Average • Poor Health and safety Work-life balance Family life Very Poor When asked to select the three best characteristics of Albion overall, well over half of participants (58%) selected “presence of a diverse community”—the only option to receive a majority of votes, and more than 14 percentage points above the next response. This is a strong finding that the Albion community experiences diversity as a strength, and the third-most common response of “sense of community/community spirit” (37%) suggests that Albion residents are able to knit their diverse population into a cohesive, enjoyable whole. The second most-selected response was “cost of living” (43%), which is the positive presentation of the low marks received for “employment opportunities” (2%); relatedly, “housing affordability” was also cited by a significant number of respondents (30%) as an asset. “Recreation options” also made it into the top third of responses (36%). 5 78 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder In your opinion, what are the three best characteristics of Albion? (Check only three options) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% The survey inquired about the importance of various institutions to the daily life of respondents, and also their assessment of those institutions’ importance to the overall health and well-being of the City. In both cases, the community’s business and nonprofit sector was identified as the most important, followed by Albion City Government. The operations of Calhoun County government were ranked least important among the options given, though not by a significant margin; this finding may also reflect the fact that County government operations are generally less visible to the average citizen. Interestingly, when asked about personal importance, respondents rated Albion College more highly than the Albion/Marshall School district, but those rankings were reversed when considering the City overall. One of the outreach methods was the Albion College e-newsletter, which could account for these results. Across the board, respondents said that these institutions were more important to the City’s health and well-being than to their personal daily lives. 6 Appendix | 79 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder In your opinion, how important is each of the institutions listed below? 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Businesses / nonprofit organizations in Albion • • • • Albion City Government Albion / Marshall School District Personally very important • • • • Personally somewhat important Personally neither important nor unimportant Personally unimportant Personally very unimportant Albion College Calhoun County Government Very important to the City Somewhat important to the City Neither important nor unimportant to the City Unimportant to the City Very unimportant to the City Major Issues and Challenges Albion respondents identified a clear trio of top current pressing issues, all economic in nature: lack of employment opportunities, lack of a thriving downtown, and blighted structures. In your opinion, what are the three most pressing issues in the City of Albion? (Check only three options) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 7 80 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder The survey also asked about challenges of the future, within a ten-year horizon. The top responses can be neatly paired: “retaining young families” (15%) will likely be influenced by “lack of employment opportunities” (14%), and “maintaining public infrastructure” (15%) is affected by a “declining tax base” (14%). All these issues are related to the last item in the top tier of responses: “declining population” (11%). Hearteningly, less than 1% of respondents is concerned about crime. What do you think is the biggest challenge Albion will face over the next 10 years? 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Housing Currently, most respondents (82%) live in a detached, single-household home. Those who do not likely live in a multi-unit apartment building (6%), or less frequently, a condominium, manufactured/mobile home (both 3%), duplex (2%) or triplex, quadplex, or above a commercial use (1%). About one-third of respondents went on to indicate a different type of housing that would better meet their current needs; here too, a detached, single-unit home was the most frequently selected response (23% of all respondents), followed by a condominium (4% of all respondents). 8 Appendix | 81 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder Housing preferences 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Live in currently • • Would prefer to live in now if the option were available (to better address my housing needs) Would like to live in 10+ years from now Almost three quarters of respondents indicated a housing format that they would like to live in sometime at least ten years in the future, and there was considerably more variety among those choices. Here, only half of those who gave an answer chose the detached format. Condominiums and rowhouses/townhouses were both selected by a significant number of responses, and more people said they would like to live in a duplex or above a commercial use than currently live in either of those formats. Of the 35% of respondents who indicated some kind of barrier to living in their preferred housing type, the most frequently cited was that the housing type they preferred was either not available (18%) or not affordable (13%). Respondents were also asked about the size of their current home, and the size of a home that would meet their housing needs. For those in homes under 500 square feet or above 3000 square feet, the proportions of those respondents was well-matched. However, a much smaller proportion of respondents said that 1,500-3000 square foot house would meet their needs than actually lived in that size house; conversely, there was a larger proportion of those for whom a 500-1,500 square foot home would meet their needs than actually lived in that home. This finding offers support for smaller-sized units across the board, which could include “missing middle” housing formats. 9 82 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder What is the size of your current housing unit, and what size of housing unit do you require to fulfill your housing needs? (Select one for each column) 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Under 500 sq. ft. • 500 - 1,500 sq. ft. 1,500 - 3,000 sq. ft. 3,000 - 5,000 sq. ft. Live in currently • Required to fulfill my housing needs 5,000 sq. ft. or more Reinforcing earlier statements about favorable housing affordability in Albion, 54% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement, “With my household’s current budget, I feel the acceptable housing options in Albion are financially attainable,” whereas 23% disagreed or strongly disagreed. A very limited number of respondents (about 15%) answered questions about the specific price ranges in which they would be comfortable renting or buying a home. Of those who did, three-quarters cited rent below $900. When it came to home purchase, about 20% of the limited responses were in the range between $100,000 and $200,000, but the most common responses were “I don’t feel financial comfortably buying a home” (26%) and “I am not interested in buying a home in Albion” (32%). Those who already own a home were a bit more forthcoming (59% of total survey-takers answered the question), and almost half (49%) of those who answered the question said $100,000-$200,000 while another 19% said $80,000$100,000. The fact that the real estate market experiences highs and lows independently of the overall economy makes it difficult to draw direct comparisons between current and past conditions. A strong majority of the respondents were homeowners (69%) and there was a significant showing of renters (19%), while 13% indicated that they were neither (not personally responsible for their housing costs). It was somewhat surprising, then, to find that almost half of respondents (47%) “strongly agreed” that the City would benefit from an ordinance insuring that rental properties are regularly inspected for safety, while another 23% also “agreed.” Just 12% were neutral and 15% expressed any disagreement. Commercial Development Overall The survey asked how often respondents would frequent a variety of types of non-retail commercial development, if they were available. The strongest response was for restaurants and cafes, followed by recreation or public spaces and then bars or entertainment venues. All of these types could expect daily or weekly attendance from respondence. Professional and personal services, along with banquet and event spaces, could expect much more occasional use. Office and co-working space, along with pet boarding 10 Appendix | 83 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder which could support those activities, were the least desired, with many respondents saying they would “never” use such facilities. What types of services / spaces would you like to see more of in Albion, and how often would you frequent them on average? 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% • • • • 20% 10% 0% Daily Weekly Monthly A few times a year Never A similar question was asked regarding retail establishments. Here too, food services rose to the top in terms of frequency, alongside staples as general merchandise stores and gas stations. Interest-related establishments (hobbies, sports, books, music, health, personal care, apparel, and building/garden supply) could expect monthly patronage on average, and respondents said they would visit places specializing in electronics, appliances, auto service and parts, and floral arrangements least of all. 11 84 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder What types of services / spaces would you like to see more of in Albion, and how often would you frequent them on average? 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% • • • Daily Weekly Monthly A few times a year Never Downtown When respondents were asked how often they go downtown, half (50%) said they visit “weekly” and another 23% said they visit “daily.” No respondents said “never.” Asked to select the top two things that draw them downtown, three responses were the clear winners: dining (66%), events such as fairs, festivals, and community meetings (42%), and entertainment (36%). No other option was selected by more than 10% of respondents except “other,” where the chief responses were work and banking. 12 Appendix | 85 �B (J) R Beckett&Raeder What are the top two things that draw you to the downtown? (Select only two options) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% - - - - - ~- 1--'i'- ~':,• Is._'&~ 'o~ '!--.~ r:,-1> -~°> ~~ Qo «.,~ 0~ oq,~ h~ "'~(l, ,o ,, • r_,'& ~t (l,Gj 00 H ~q,1> /,.,\Q ~(l, e; r_,O c..f<:!>-.;: • ~o ~~ ~C,-' ~ -~ ~~ e}' i I r------, ,/' Q" ~ ~ ~ 0~ (l,~ 0e; ,o t--v~ -~ ~~ ':,~ ~ ~(l, -~ ~~ (l,~ r7 -~ci; ',e; ~o ·1--"' r7 q,· . q,':>' ~'<: .N7> 'Q7> ,$- I I 0~ 00~ ' What could make the downtown more lively and vibrant? More of what respondents indicated they already visit frequently and would visit more if available: retail and dining. Entertainment would also be a draw, especially if it included opportunities for all ages and evening hours. In your opinion, what is missing from Albion's downtown to make it lively and vibrant? (Check only three options) 80% 70% 60% ----l 50% ----l 40% ----l 30% ----l 20% 10% 0% ~ I h h -o~ Qx::s -~o ~ ~ ~ 0~ 7> ~ 1s..o' ~e; ~~ • q,':> ·t<S ~ t_$> 0 o~~ (l,~ «.,~ . q,':> -o~ ~ ~15- 0~ -~°> ~~ h q,':> ~ -o~ t<$ ~ 0e; r7 ~ ~o '?' I 6(l,15- t~ . ~<:f ~" <x..e; fl,Gj ~o 7> 'tfc.; I &-~ ~f -~ 'Q'<: "N' <:)7> I •~ - . q,':> ·t<S ,$-7> ~ ~'?- I I ~':,• ·t<S "N' 615-~°> I I H ~q,1> /,.,\Q e; 0~ Overall, respondents have noticed a change for the better in the downtown: 77% say it has improved either greatly (33%) or slightly (44%), while only 10% think it has declined and 13% either don’t know or 13 86 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder think it’s about the same. To continue to improve, survey-takers think the City’s top priorities should be improving the facades of existing buildings (72%) and investing in beautiful public spaces (50%). What are the top three elements of downtown that you would like the City to prioritize? (Check only three options) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Corridors The survey inquired about types of commercial development that respondents would like to see on each of the City’s main corridors. Overall, grocery stores was the most desired, followed by drive-in/drive-through food, residential/commercial mixed use, and health care facilities. Pharmacies, strip malls, and auto services were the least desirable when all responses were combined. Which of the following uses would you like to see along the city’s main corridors? (Select three for each corridor) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% • • • • Superior Street Austin Avenue Michigan Avenue Eaton Street 14 Appendix | 87 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder Difference emerge when viewing the results by corridor. Superior Street was seen as a good site for mixed use development, grocery stores, and office buildings, while Michigan Avenue was recommended to host healthcare facilities and pharmacies in addition to mixed use buildings. Strip malls, drive-in/drive-through food establishments and gas stations were suggested for Eaton Avenue. Austin Avenue was represented as almost equally hospitable to all of the suggested uses, with the exception of hotels or lodging. 80% Which of the following uses would you like to see along the city’s main corridors? (Select three for each corridor) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Superior Street Austin Avenue Michigan Avenue • Grocery stores • Mixed use (residential use above commercial) • Office buildings Eaton Street • Drive through / drive-in food establishments • Healthcare/urgent care facilities • Hotel / lodging Respondents had definite preferences related to the style of commercial development along the corridors. They strongly preferred neighborhood stores over mini-malls (84% to 16%), and mixed-use buildings that are two to three stories high rather than four to five stories (80% o 20%). They were less definite about a color palette, but still expressed a preference for colorful tones (62%) over earth tones (38%). Employment Survey-takers were fairly evenly split on the subject of how strongly they agreed with the statement, “There are sufficient employment options that I am qualified for within a reasonable commute from my home.” About a third strongly agreed (7%) or agreed (24%), while another third disagreed (18%) or strongly disagreed (16%), and the remaining third neither agreed nor disagreed (25%) or said the question was not applicable to them (10%). 15 88 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder To what degree do you agree with the following statement: "There are sufficient employment options that I am qualified for within a reasonable commute from my home."? Not Applicable Strongly agree Neither agree nor disagree Strongly disagree Agree Disagree When asked how employment opportunities have changed in Albion over the last five years, an equal proportion found that it had “improved slightly” or “declined slightly” (18% each). However, a smaller percentage found that it had improved greatly (5%) than declined greatly (11%). The greatest proportion said it “stayed largely the same” (30%), and 17% did not know. Parks and Natural Features Overall, survey respondents reported that they are satisfied with most aspects of parks and recreation in Albion. The number and size of parks received the most favorable ratings, with access to the Kalamazoo River and associated nonmotorized trails close behind. Accessibility for physically impaired users showed the most room for improvement. 16 Appendix | 89 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder How satisfied are you with the overall parks and recreation offerings Albion? 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Number of parks Size of parks Access to the Non-motorized Playground Kalamazoo trails to and equipment River along the river • Very Satisfied • Satisfied • Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied • Dissatisfied Parking Accessibility for physically impaired users Very dissatisfied Most respondents felt that natural features are an asset to Albion: 49% strongly agreed, and another 36% agreed. Less than 3% expressed any disagreement at all. Consistent with this, they also felt that specific natural features could be better protected and preserved. Leading this list was the quality of water in the Kalamazoo River, which 4 in 5 respondents agreed could be better protected. A slightly smaller proportion agreed with open space preservation (74%), followed by wetlands (70%) and then tree canopy (68%). Overall, this is a strong showing of support for the City’s natural features. 17 90 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder To what degree do you agree with the following statement: "Albion's natural features (listed below) could be better protected/preserved."? 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% River -water quality • Strongly agree Open space (open areas of Wetlands (areas that are undeveloped land) either permanently or seasonally under water and provide rich habitats for plants and animals) • Agree • Neither agree or disagree • Disagree • Strongly disagree Tree canopy • Don't know 18 Appendix | 91 �Appendix B. Youth Survey Results B (D R Beckett&Raeder Albion Comprehensive Plan Youth Survey Summary On Tuesday, November 30, 2021, Albion College students were invited to participate in Comprehensive Plan engagement exercises. One of the exercises was a youth survey regarding each students’ plans after graduation. A total of 19 people completed the survey after the engagement exercises. Most striking is that roughly 88% of students are planning on leaving the community after graduation. The two biggest reasons students are leaving is to pursue higher education and live in a different/bigger city. When asked what are the top characteristics of a community in which the students want to live housing options, higher paying jobs, and retail and entertainment variety were the top three results. Students were also asked if they would ever consider returning to the community, roughly 13% responded in the affirmative and 40% were unsure. The results from the survey are summarized in more detail below. Question 1: Do you like living in your community? 50% 42.1% 36.8% 40% 30% 21.1% 20% 10% 0% Yes No No strong opinion Question 2: What are the three characteristics of a community you want to live in? Housing options 52.9% Higher paying jobs 52.9% I Retail and entertainment variety 47.1% I Walkability 41.2% Fast reliable internet and cell phone coverage 23.5% Younger like-minded people 11.8% Good public transit; no need for a car 11.8% I Other (please specify) I 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% One open response answer indicated a student wanted to live in a community with “diverse school options.” 1 92 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R (J) Beckett&Raeder Question 3: What type of career are you considering after college? Legal Management, Business, and Finance Other (please specify) Public Administration Medical and Health Care Automotive Skilled Trades (Electrical, HVAC, Plumbing, Welding) Arts and Communications Education and Social Services I I I 29.4% 23.5% I 11.8% 11.8% 11.8% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% I 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Other responses recorded through open response include “occupational therapy” (1 student) and “urban planning” (1). Question 4: What are your plans after you graduate from college? 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 88.2% 11.8% I plan to stay in the community or close by I plan to move out Question 4a (answered stay in Q4): I plan to stay in the community or close by and… Of those who plan to stay in the community after graduation, all responded that they are going to “take some time to evaluate [their] options and next steps.” Question 4b (answered move in Q4): I plan to move out of Albion to… Pursue higher education 46.7% Live in a bigger/different city 33.3% Find employment opportunities 13.3% Experience a better quality of life 6.7% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 2 Appendix | 93 �B (D R Beckett&Raeder Question 5a (answered “pursue higher education” in Q4b): Which city/state do you plan to relocate to pursue higher education? Of the seven students who plan to leave Albion to pursue a higher education, two are planning on relocating to Ann Arbor, one to East Lansing, one to Chicago, one to St. Augustine, FL, and two are unsure/unknown. Question 5b (answered “pursue higher education” in Q4b): Which college/university do you plan on attending? The schools listed include University of Michigan (2 students), Michigan State University (1), University of Chicago (1). University of St. Augustine (1), unknown (2). Question 6: (answered “live in a bigger/different city," “find employment opportunities,” “experience a better quality of life” in Q4b): Which city/state do you plan to relocate? The most common city/state in which students plan to relocate was Detroit (3 students), followed by California (2). Grand Rapids (1), Auburn Hills (1), and “out east or west” (1). Question 7 (answered move in Q4): Do you ever plan on returning to the area? 46.7% 50% 40.0% 40% 30% 20% 13.3% 10% 0% Yes No I don’t know Question 8 (answered yes in Q7): What is the primary reason you would return to Albion? Family / Friends Look for a job in the region (within a 2-hour drive) Housing options Quality of the school system Quality of life Look for a job in Albion 0% 3 94 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% �B (D R Beckett&Raeder Question 9 (answered no in Q7): What is your primary reason for not returning to Albion? My career goals cannot be realized by coming back 57.1% Better quality of life elsewhere 28.6% No job opportunities within my area of expertise 14.3% Better opportunities to raise family elsewhere 0.0% Family / friends don’t not live in Albion anymore 0.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Question 9a (answered “my career goals cannot be realized by coming back” or “no job opportunities within my area of expertise” in Q9): Understanding your career path cannot be realized in Albion, would you consider coming back later in life? 100% 80.0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 20.0% 0.0% Yes No Maybe Question 10: What age group do you fall into? All respondents were aged 18 to 24. Question 11: What is your gender? 100% 79.0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 15.8% 5.3% 0% Male Female Other 4 Appendix | 95 �B R (D Beckett&Raeder Question 12: How often you use the following social media platforms? Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Tumblr Instagram Snapchat YouTube TikTok Vimeo Always 10.5% 5.3% 5.3% 0.0% 36.8% 47.4% 15.8% 31.6% 0.0% Very Often 31.6% 15.8% 0.0% 0.0% 47.4% 31.6% 10.5% 15.8% 0.0% Sometimes 21.1% 31.6% 15.8% 5.3% 0.0% 15.8% 52.6% 10.5% 0.0% 5 96 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan Rarely 10.5% 10.5% 31.6% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 15.8% 10.5% 5.3% Never 26.3% 36.8% 47.4% 89.5% 10.5% 0.0% 5.3% 31.6% 94.7% �Appendix C. Youth Engagement Scenario Activity Results GROUP A Exercise 1 (Dream City) Exercise 2 (Constraints Added) » Density on the periphery » Infill with single family residential » Large central public/park space » Large urban parks » Contiguous open space » No mixing of land uses » Large industrial presence Appendix | 97 �GROUP B \ l Exercise 1 (Dream City) » High-density corridors (Commercial, Mixed-use, Residential) » Dense single family residential neighborhoods on the edges of density » Dense suburban development » Isolated industrial » Contiguous open space 98 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan Exercise 2 (Constraints Added) » More mixing of land uses » Corridor structure preserved �GROUP C Exercise 1 (Dream City) Exercise 2 (Constraints Added) » Extremely low density (sprawl) » Maintain the sprawl structure » Central commercial mixed-use areas » Extremely dense subdivisions » Some subdivision structures » Mixing of land uses » “Towers in the Park” » Lack of contiguous open space » Lots of open space Appendix | 99 �GROUP D Exercises 1 & 2 (Dream City + Constraints Added) » Central city a mix of commercial, civic, public, space, mixed-use » High-density residential on the edges of the center » Dense subdivisions with dedicated public space » Contiguous open space » Isolated industry » Residential corridors 100 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �Appendix D. Community Visioning Results: Collective Priorities COLLECTIVE PRIORITIES VOTES Invest in and advocate for the school system 8 Youth oriented community with activities and spaces 7 Abating and redeveloping contaminated sites 5 Increased public transportation options 4 Development extending beyond downtown district 4 More cooperation and unity in the community 3 Thriving, lively, and vibrant downtown 2 Downtown commercial/residential vacancy rates below 10% 2 Empowered and active community with agency 2 Increased minority and women owned businesses 2 Maintain existing positive community assets 1 Lower poverty and ALICE rates 1 More housing-dense neighborhoods 1 Improved ratio on the number of residents that live and work in Albion 1 Sustainable businesses 0 Healthier housing stock 0 Increased population 0 Appendix | 101 �Appendix E. Youth Engagement Asset Mapping Results STU D E N T E N G AG E M E N T S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt M apl e Wa tson N orth te i n B erri en C l i n ton H an n ah I on i a E a ton F i n l ey AL B I O N TO WN S H I P E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n C l a rk C a ss ¹ I C l a rk i gan H u ron Al b i on M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en ¹ I S tren g th Wea kn ess O p p ortu n i ty Votes 1 4 D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 102 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es �*The results listed do not reflect the views of City Administration but is the raw data generated by participants. CATEGORY DESCRIPTION VOTES Weakness College President’s House 4 Strength Whitehouse Nature Center 3 Weakness Snack Shop 2 Strength Albion College 2 Strength Victory Park 2 Strength The Foundry 2 Strength Bohm Theatre 2 Weakness Oaklawn 1 Weakness Greenspace 1 Weakness Family Fare 1 Strength Stirling Books + Brew 1 Strength Opportunity School 1 Strength Innovate Albion 1 Strength Night and Bay 1 Strength Zick's 1 Strength New Hope Church 1 Strength Vet (Irwin Ave) 1 Strength Vet (5 Points) 1 Strength Bowling Alley 1 Strength Grace Temple 1 Strength Trail head 1 Strength First Baptist arwan 1 Opportunity Double vision center, skating rink trying to rebuild 0 Weakness ATO 0 Weakness Hazardous green space 0 Opportunity Abandoned spaces, could be used as storefronts 0 Opportunity Open green space, graffiti billboards 0 Opportunity Big open space 0 Opportunity Tons of potential, Austin Ave next to industrial/shops eateries 0 Strength Malleable 0 Strength Biggby 0 Strength McDonald’s 0 Strength St. Johns Church 0 Strength Guardian Factory (Kmart?) 0 Strength MacIntosh Park 0 Strength Dog Park 0 Appendix | 103 �Appendix F. Community Visioning Asset Mapping Results CO M M U N I TY E N G AG E M E N T S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt M apl e Wa tson N orth te i n B erri en C l i n ton H an n ah I on i a E a ton F i n l ey AL B I O N TO WN S H I P E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n C l a rk C a ss ¹ I C l a rk i gan H u ron Al b i on M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en ¹ I S tren g th Wea kn ess O p p ortu n i ty Votes 1 5 D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 104 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es �*The results listed do not reflect the views of City Administration but is the raw data generated by participants. CATEGORY DESCRIPTION VOTES Strength Victory Park 5 Strength River trail expansion 5 Strength McIntosh Park 4 Weakness Albion street bridge 4 Opportunity Empty storefronts - beautify! Popups 4 Strength Albion College 3 Strength Business District 3 Strength Bohm Theatre 3 Opportunity New businesses 3 Strength Library 2 Strength River trail 2 Strength Coca Cola mural 2 Weakness Business district needs updating and more 2 Weakness Road condition 2 Weakness Malleable area - needs to be cleaned 2 Weakness Brownfield - unusable 2 Opportunity Community gardens 2 Opportunity Solar power 2 Opportunity Infill housing 2 Weakness Trash 2 Strength Exit 121 - located off major interstate 1 Strength MEDC revitalization projects 1 Strength Brewery mural 1 Strength Day or night recording studio 1 Strength People 1 Strength Kalamazoo River 1 Strength Stoffer Plaza 1 Weakness Potential school location 1 Weakness Erie St road condition 1 Weakness Broadwell St road condition 1 Weakness Malleable Contaminated site 1 Opportunity Victory Park 1 Opportunity New senior housing development - location not chosen 1 Opportunity New businesses 1 Opportunity Anna's House of Flowers 1 Opportunity Parks 1 Opportunity Munger hall as a building 1 Opportunity Youth programs at library 1 Opportunity Caldwell School site redevelopment - more youth focused intergenerational recreation 1 Weakness Houses falling down 0 Opportunity McIntosh Park 0 Appendix | 105 �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Albion_Comprehensive-Plan_2022 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning Commission, City of Albion, Calhoun County, Michigan Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee, City of Albion, Calhoun County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-09-20 Title A name given to the resource The City of Albion Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The City of Albion Comprehensive Plan was prepared by the Planning Commission and Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee for the City of Albion, and was approved on September 20, 2022. Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications Albion (Mich.) Calhoun County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5f70e5ba0299958b87e412160a990da5.mp4 646853e86050cce62d9ee6ee97e85744 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0afc7e6097d420f01f4f6b907939974e.pdf 643d67dae59c24a05222ff18f28f981c PDF Text Text ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW VICKI CONDON SHARROCK Born: Lowell, Michigan Resides: Lowell, Michigan Interviewed by: Kyle Riley, GVSU Veterans History Project Transcribed by: Claire Herhold, January 25, 2013 Interviewer: Mrs. Condon, can you tell us a little bit about yourself and what you’re doing today? Well, right now I am a production assistant for LandAmerica Transnation where I, realtors, mortgage companies call in and ask for policies, ask for title work, or as for the last deed on the property. Then I check the records that we have and get a copy of their deed, show that any mortgages are on there, and pretty much answer questions, help with policies, very detailed. Interviewer: So, when you were a little girl, what was your life like? I grew up on a small farm. 1:01 We produced food for ourselves. My father worked in the factory, came home, did the milking. We raised pigs, we had sheep, a huge garden. My mother canned a lot. I helped gather eggs. I helped bring the cows up for milking and later on I milked and fed the animals and went to school. And I went to a little country school just a half mile away for a couple of years, a one room school. Interviewer: What kind of things did you do? Were you a large part in the role of the farm family? Well, there were four of us girls, and I was pretty much the tomboy. My older sister stayed in the house, and my two younger sisters were too young to do a whole lot on the farm, but I helped. My sister would drive the tractor during haying season and I would, in the back, because we didn’t bale initially, we just put the loose hay and then we got to pack it down in the barn which was the best, you know, every kid on a farm loves to jump down on the hay from up �above. 2:10 First time out, you’re scared to death but you make that first jump and it’s kind of fun. Interviewer: Did you have any struggles with your family, or did your family share any struggles of the day? We just, my parents worked hard to get any place, and we lived paycheck to paycheck. We didn’t have a lot, but we had plenty of food. We had fresh milk. We had homemade butter, homemade bread, and all the canned foods in the wintertime, so we were rich. We had no money but we were rich. Interviewer: What was the hardest thing about your childhood growing up? Being so far away from town. My father worked and it was like two and a half miles to town, so unless we walked then we couldn’t. 3:08 There was a lot of things at school that we couldn’t participate in because we didn’t have the gas or the time or the money to drive into town. Interviewer: What did you like to do during high school and when you were older and started to get new jobs and start exploring more opportunities? Between my junior and senior year, I worked at Amway. And I worked at Amway until I joined the Navy. That was a summer job for me and it was…I worked at A&W root beer outside of town, and I was really excited because I made ten cents an hour. No, the root beer was ten cents, I think I made seventy cents, and the second year I worked I made seventy five centers, and the third year that I worked there I made ninety cents but I worked in the kitchen where it was hot. 4:10 It was more fun outside with the customers. Interviewer: What made you decide to go into the Navy? I liked the idea of the military. I didn’t want to work in a factory like my parents did. It was a struggle for them to make ends meet with four of us girls. I wanted something more in life. I �wanted to go to college. We couldn’t afford college. I was able to go on the Vietnam GI Bill because I went in during Vietnam and served my three years active duty during that time. But I didn’t want to, I wanted to get away from a small town atmosphere and I did, but I came back because I love Lowell. I mean, it’s a great little town. 5:01 It’s improved a lot, culturally, socially and I like the small town atmosphere as an adult. As a kid, nobody likes it, you know, that’s just a fact of life. Interviewer: Before you went into the military, did you have any dreams of becoming a certain profession at all? Oh yeah. I had taken three years of French in high school, and I wanted to be a United Nations interpreter. That was my goal in high school. Interviewer: Did you think that joining the military could help you achieve that dream at all? No, because by that time I had already been married and divorced. There were other things. I wanted my college degree. I wanted to teach. Interviewer: What kind of things did you do after you went into the Navy? As far as employment, or…? Interviewer: When you joined up, what was the first thing that you did? 6:03 I jumped off a bunk bed and hit the floor on my face because we had gotten, we flew in, our first day of boot camp, we flew into Bainbridge, Maryland and we got in there late, and there’s an open bed here and an open bed there, an open bed there, and they put us all, you know, “go to bed and we’ll get you squared away tomorrow.” And I woke up at 5:00 when the bells were ringing, young women were running all over the place trying to get squared away, and they said, “well, you have to hurry up and get out of bed because we’ve got to get going.” So I jumped out �of the bunk bed but I was on the top row and fell right on my face. That was my first experience of boot camp. Get up and get going. Interviewer: What was that like for you? I was a scared little girl. I was a little country girl. I was very intimidated. Anybody that was in uniform that wasn’t one of my peers, I was scared to death. 7:03 I later learned to differentiate between officer and non-commissioned officer but, you now, that first couple of weeks it was a … I was very timid and had to learn to obey orders then, not think about it. Discipline was very strong, but we were ladies, we had to become ladies and we were also to become square corners. You will be a square corner. We had to learn to do those bunk beds. You know that was our CC, our Company Commander’s motto. You will be a lady and you will be a square corner. So, I can still make a square corner. Interviewer: What kind of things did you learn at boot camp? Boot camp…I was at Bainbridge, Maryland, which, we were the next to the last company of women to go through. We did a lot of marching. 8:02 We learned the history classes of the Navy, and ships and planes and the whole criteria of the military rule. But we didn’t work with any ammunition, any guns. We were ladies, and it wasn’t until the boot camp closed down in Maryland and they went down to Orlando, Florida where the women would use guns and learn how to shoot firearms and break them down, clean them and put them back together again. But the training we had at Naval Pen TC Bainbridge was, we were ladies. Things changed. Things changed, and are still changing. At the time I was on active duty women were not allowed to have dependents. Women were not allowed to be on ships. It was later, as I had gotten out of the Navy, that women were first going to the hospital ships, refrigerator tankers, that type where �they were supply type ships that would go out to the fleet. 9:15 And now women are on all the ships and are in combat, but in the ‘70s when I was on active duty, that was not a choice. Interviewer: Did you have any idea on what you were going to do after you joined the military, after boot camp? Well, they had all the testing. You test before you go into the military, number one, to make sure that you’re smart enough. You know, the army has basic training tests. And then there was another battery tests, and we were always taking tests. And then they had them geared toward your field of operation. 10:07 What best suited you? And for me, it was a clerical type position which was the radioman, and we learned how to use the older equipment. Now, everything’s done on computers but back then we had ship-to-shore, ship-to-ship, voice communications and now we have satellites. Interviewer: Were you excited at all to go into your new job? Yeah, I worked a regular shift. I worked forty hours, or thirty six hours, depending on my schedule. We worked three shifts in one week and it rotated, so if I went on Monday I got off Friday morning and I didn’t go back again until Tuesday. And then Tuesday I’d work until Saturday, and Wednesday through Sunday, so it was always variable. 11:04 But basically I went in, we logged in our messages, and I worked for the Naval Investigative Service, under Naval Intelligence Command. And we had all of our agents who, our messages would come in. The subject matter would determine what branch, what office it went to. We logged them in, put them in a folder and delivered them to the lieutenants, officers or agents, or whoever was in charge for that department, and we had our security clearances. There were things that came in that we rushed right down to the captain’s office and turned around and left, because once we handed it off we didn’t want to know what else was happening. �Interviewer: Were you involved in any large operations or missions? The final thing that I was involved with was Operation Homecoming. When the Vietnam War officially ended to the public we were involved in bringing the men and women back to the United States. 12:10 So we had all the messages of who was coming from where, and who was MIA, missing in action, and who ended up being a POW, prisoner of war. We received a letter of commendation for that. We didn’t get a unit citation which would have been another medal, but we did get the letter, which helped for advancement later on down the road. Interviewer: Was your job very stressful? Were you really nervous about going into your job every day? The thing that…I wasn’t nervous, but I know that some of the stuff came in that I couldn’t write home to Mom and Dad about because there were things happening around the world. 13:01 I went back to the same office as a civilian worker when I got out of the Navy and was there during the Iran crisis. That was when Reagan was ending his presidency…oh, I can’t even remember the entire situation. I know that things happened fast. That’s pretty much it. Interviewer: What kind of things did you earn while you were on active duty? As far as ribbons and awards? Interviewer: Yes. Ok. Right out of boot camp, because I was in during the Vietnam Era what we all considered the Geedunk Medal which is this one right here. 14:05 You got it just because you were in the military at that time. And then I was also in the reserves during the Iraq confrontation so I have my Bronze Star. This ribbon right here is Four Years of Reserve, Meritorious, and I had seventeen reserves so I’ve got one plus three stars so that counts for sixteen years. This is ten years for the Navy Reserve, and this one right here is for, I believe that’s my Navy Achievement �award. And then I also have a ribbon that I got when I was in Washington D.C. for the dedication ceremony for the Women’s Military Memorial. Interviewer: What kind of conflicts would you face normally at your job? 15:08 Getting a paper cut. Conflict, I mean, there are things that I couldn’t talk about, but as far as…I was in an office building on the tenth floor. We were in Alexandria, Virginia most of the time, so I wasn’t in any place where I could get harmed. I mean, I was in a safe office building and I went to work. I had to sometimes go over to the Pentagon. We took the subway. That was scary sometimes, taking the subway. You would get nervous if a top secret message came in because you had a certain length of time that you had to get it processed and get it down to the person that it was addressed to. 16:01 So that, you’d get a little nervous and stuff, but other than that it was lots of paperwork. Interviewer: How would you process the messages you sent and received? We had a big, and I couldn’t even tell you, it was a paper tape reader basically. We had rolls of yellow tape that had holes in them, and each line of holes represented a letter and we typed our messages and…we typed our messages on a special machine that printed out the holes for the tape, and we would have big rolls of paper tape that we would use and send out the messages, and then we’d wind it up and hang it on a hook until we knew that they had processed. But our messages were read into a system and then they went to another central service where they was disseminated around the world basically. 17:05 And then messages would come back in from around the world through the central system and come into our office, and it was all set up. But now everything is done on computers, you know. You put who it’s to, and you carbon copy too. Just type everything out on computers now. Interviewer: How did your military life affect your family life and personal life? �When I first went in, I was a little country girl and I seen the world. I have a very open mind. I feel I’m a whole lot smarter, and I didn’t end up working in a factory my whole life. I’ve done other things. I’ve gone to college and I have a two year degree in business management from Fairfax, Virginia and then I have a Bachelor’s degree in education at Aquinas. 18:08 And through the military, the GI Bill, I was able to go to the two year college, and I was able to quit work because I had five stepchildren during that marriage, and the more children you had during the Vietnam era, the more money you got on the GI Bill, so it worked in my favor under those, you know…so I went and did my two year degree. Interviewer: Were there very many things that were different because you were a female in the military? The only thing that…we went to boot camp, I was surrounded by women. We were not allowed to skylark, which is, you know, looking at guys on the other side of the fence, you know, because we were in a closed area. And we were ladies, we were not, you know…some of us had been married, and we were twelve weeks with over three hundred girls. 19:11 And working with women is sometimes, not always pleasant. It wasn’t bad. And then…I did not stay in a dorm area when I was in college. I was working full time and going to school part time. So I never had that dorm, where you’ve got like four or five girls to a room. Well, we had like four or five girls to a room, but we only had three sides on that room and across the hallway was another room with four or five girls and there was absolutely no privacy. Then later when I got to my first active duty station, the only comment made was because I was filling a billet that a man could have had to be on shore and he could have been home with his family instead of out to sea. 20:13 Because being in the Navy, the men spent an enormous amount of time out to sea. It’s like, “I’m sorry. I have no control over that,” because women were not allowed on ships, not �until the end of my active duty were women first starting to go out to sea on the, what we called, comfort ships. Interviewer: I just forgot what I was going to ask. Ok. Interviewer: Did you get any chance to socialize with the men you were working with? Oh yeah. It was just like working in an office. I mean, if we were working in the office and Friday night, I called date night because my husband and I always tried to go out together on Friday nights, but a lot of the men had families. 21:10 Later in the reserves, I was in the same reserve unit with the same guys for almost, well, fifteen of seventeen years. I watched them have their children, raise their families, their children were growing up, and all the sudden getting ready to graduate. So yeah, we bonded. There was a lot of camaraderie, of you know… a lot of the times, I’d see their wives at the airport as they were dropping their husbands and saying goodbye to them as we came in, or if we had functions a couple of times a year, we’d get together. And I just hope that I didn’t pose any threat to any wife, because they were like brothers to me. I mean, we were a tight knit group. We went around the world to different reserve stations, to different communication stations in the reserves, and seen a lot. 22:07 And they went off and did their thing, and I went off and did my thing, and then came back and compared notes of what we had seen and what we had done and had a good time. We worked our forty hours, or our thirty six hours, or had our weekends off so we’d go off on the weekends. When we were out to California we’d drive up to Reno or Las Vegas or whichever one was closest to us, and when we went overseas we got to see a lot, a lot more. Interviewer: What kind of things did you do after you were done with your three years of active duty? �I had when I got out, I got out of the Navy after my three years because I had gotten married, I had five stepchildren, and women were not allowed to have dependents. 23:06 My girlfriend was, we met in boot camp and gone to radiomen A-school and were good friends for another fifteen years until I lost contact with her but, you could not have, women could not have dependents. I had gotten married, I had five stepchildren, I had to get out. She stayed in, got married, and had a baby. She requested to stay in, and her husband got orders out to California. She went out there for a little while, had the baby, and when the baby was just still a toddler, she had to take orders and go to Greenland for a year. She came back, nine months later she had her second baby, and she said that’s it, no, and she got out of the Navy. She later went into the reserves, but that was a choice that she made, requesting to stay in, but she was separated from her brand new baby and her husband for a year. 24:05 And then later, they both went to Italy, and they were stationed in Italy for three years. She had to sacrifice the twelve months while her baby was with her husband, and then she was able to join him. Because I had five stepchildren, I had no choice. I had, we had… I had had orders to go to Guam in 1974. We were the first shipment of women to go there. But because I was married and had five stepchildren, I had to get out. I had no choice. So they got me out within the end of the three years. They rushed through all the paperwork because they knew that if they had kept me in, they would have had to prorate the enlistment bonus, and that was even more paperwork so they got me out. 25:01 And then I went back in the government service as a clerk in the same office so I worked with the same people that I worked with when I was in the Navy which was kind of special because I knew what I was doing. And then later on I worked that office under Naval Investigative Service, was involved with the Privacy Act that came out in the early ‘70s, Freedom of Information Act, so we were very big on getting involved with that. �Interviewer: While you were in the reserves, what was life like? Was it different from when you were in active service? The reserves was a great way to go. I had thought seriously about going back in, but I had a decent…I was working in computers at that time making good money, and I had one weekend a months that I had to go to the reserves, and then a two week mini vacation. 26:06 And we planned that vacation…that two week reserve active duty that we had to do like in January, February, March time frame so we got out of the weather here in Michigan, and we went to the east coast, the west coast. We ended up over in Diego Garcia, a little tiny dot of an island in the middle of the Indian Ocean, and we were there for…our unit was attached to that island, so if the balloon had gone up, we would have gone there while the active duty had gone to where the action was. That’s what our reserve unit was to do. And we went to Diego Garcia two years, two different times in two years. The first time we went to the west coast. We flew to San Francisco, then to Japan, flew over Vietnam and landed in the Philippines at Clark Air Base and was there, our plane had to, we were there for a day and a half. 27:15 And then from the Philippines we flew to Diego Garcia and that was a thirty six hour flight, a long time in the air. And then four years later, Clark Air Base was no longer in existence and we went the east coast, and we left from Pennsylvania. We were in Athens, Greece, Naples, Italy, Baharan, and then we flew to Diego Garcia. But when we were in Baharan, to replenish the plane we had to get off, but because we were all Americans or British they put us on a bus, drove us out to the middle of the runway and we had to sit out there for four hours while they took care of the plane, and it was like a scary thing because all the graffiti on the bus was all in Arabic and our driver had a turban and we had no idea what was happening. 28:13 All we knew was that we had to go out there and sit in the middle of the runway until they were done with the plane because they didn’t want the �natives to know that there were Americans or British on their soil, so… and that was during the…the United States was escorting the oil tankers during that time so that was the… Afterwards, when we found out, it was like “Holy cow.” That was exciting, scary. I didn’t feel I was in any danger, but it was different. Interviewer: Do you think that, while you were on your job, did you think that you had a really important job? 29:01 I did, especially…when you went into the reserves, there was always a joke that the reserves were there to play. Well, we worked our twelve hours a day if we went on to the shift. And we worked with equipment that maybe we hadn’t worked with before, and the first time I worked in a fleet alley that was really intimidating for me. We were working sending out voice messages to the ships, and they all knew that my turn was next and I had to call out to the ships and notify them that we were sending them traffic, and I was just stuttering so bad and I couldn’t talk and they were all giggling behind me because they knew that I was…well, the term now would be a newbie, but that term wasn’t around back then. I just…later, I was ok with it, but the first time you talk and broadcast out is like being a radio announcer. 30:05 You’re talking to, you know, how many people are you talking to at one time? How many people are listening to you? And you’re stuttering and trying to get out important information and that was scary. But now I’ve got the knowledge, because if the balloon drops now, the first thing that’s going to go are our satellites and there are not a lot of people who still know how to operate the big receivers and transmitters, with the exception of the ham operators that are still active today. The ham operators still are a very important part of our culture. Interviewer: What kind of things did you do for fun during your job? Did you ever goof around and maybe misbehave a little bit? �Heaven forbid. I was sweet and innocent. Yeah, there was…in boot camp, we were a bunch of women all together and, you know, one big area and one of the girls was a beautician and she had some wigs with her, and another girl, for some reason, she had a rubber blow up doll. 31:20 And we blew that doll up and I was part of the party that got in trouble, there was about six of us that did it, and we put that blow up doll and her wig in a bunk and we got caught, and we lost the smoking privileges. The smoking light was out for a week for us, and back in the ‘70s I smoked, and I couldn’t smoke for a week because our rubber dolly got caught. It was harmless fun, but…and the company commander laughed about it later. She couldn’t laugh in front of us, but that was a very harmless prank. 32:02 But we were there in boot camp over New Years Eve and the only alcohol we had was mouthwash and all we could say was that we got a little buzz. Well, yeach. Mouthwash now… but yeah, you joked around. It’s just like being in a regular office. You’ve got your buds that you work with and joke around with, and hey, how are you doing? How’s your kids? How’s your wife? That type of thing, so it’s, to me it was like working in a regular office. Now, later in the reserves, as I got older than the young kids in the Navy, it’s like, was I ever that young? Was I ever that crazy? It’s like, yeah, I probably was but I’ve grown up and matured some. Because I retired from the reserves with a total of twenty years in 1998, and that was the same time that I graduated from Aquinas. 33:01 So I did a double decker and made a major accomplishment in my life. Interviewer: The people who were in charge of you, were they mean? Were they the stereotypical officer who’s always grumpy and always yells at everybody? The first couple of weeks of boot camp, yeah, that’s what I thought. “You will become a lady. You will become a square corner.” That was her motto and I was such a little country girl, I was �terribly intimidated. Now, it’s like, “Excuse me?” That wouldn’t faze me at all now. I’ve raised children and had a couple of husbands and nothing fazes me now. Interviewer: If you were ever bored while working, did you ever use the radios to contact anyone other than who you were supposed to? No, they were always set up to the frequencies and now, right now, the TVs are all on a certain frequency where the analog signal… 34:14 There’s certain frequencies that the Navy would use and you couldn’t contact other people unless they had the same equipment. I know my girlfriend, when she was in Greenland, she was able to keep in contact with her husband and the baby, but they were both on military bases where they both had the same type of equipment where she could do that. But, you know, I couldn’t contact civilians. I just used the phone and called home when I got homesick. Interviewer: Did you ever use your military experiences and the things you did as your military job, did you ever use those in your civilian jobs? Not really. 35:01 I mean, a lot of the clerical stuff that I did…[break as the phone rings and the interviewer repeats the question] Most of my job was clerical, logging and stuff, keeping track of messages coming in, going out, sending out messages, typing. Typing probably…of course, the typewriter that they had, that they used in the military, number one, were of World War II vintage, and number two, you had to use special keys for letters and numbers, so you could not type like you could on a typewriter. Now, that typing skill there followed me on to my civilian career because I do a lot of typing, but everything’s on a computer, and if you make a mistake you just hit that little backspace and continue on. 36:07 Interviewer: What kind of things did you do in your civilian life? �In my civilian life I, through the Vietnam GI Bill, I went to a computer learning center. I was a programmer. I worked for a company in Virginia and my company transferred me out to California, and I did programming for military type programs. When I moved back home to Michigan, my company lost the contract, and so I had a choice to take a job in Hawaii or move back home. And I had been to Hawaii on my thirtieth birthday and I said, that’s a nice place to be but I don’t want to live there. So I moved back home, but I was overqualified for all the programming jobs in this area. I did get a job for a couple of years, but I sat in front of a computer screen. 37:07 I needed people contact. That was the one thing that I have a lot more of in my job. I work with the public. I work with realtors. I work with mortgage companies. I work with buyers and sellers buying their first home, or selling their home that they’ve lived in their whole life and now they’re going to maybe a condo or a retirement community and you see the highs and lows of people selling their homes or buying their first home because they’re about to start a family. So that part there, with my job that I have right now, with the people contact is what I love the most. And because I was able to be around the world and see different cultures, when our trip to Diego Garcia, we stopped in the Philippines and we were there for a day and a half the first time and when we left we were there for three days so I got to see a lot. 38:07 And we took a drive down, what they call the Bataan Death Road? Death march? This is a time, a place during World War II, but the thing that stuck in my mind were all these little huts, they had the clothes out on the line and being held with bamboo clothes pins, but they all had their TV antennas on the roof. And it was like, wow, they’ve got to have their TV. Their clothes are nice out on the line but they’re living in little huts, you know, bamboo huts with thatched roofs. And then later I’ve seen a whole lot more, and it’s like, yeah, I’m very lucky to be in America. We, when we were in the Philippines, when they told us, you know, that we were going out and stuff �we had to be careful, what they have was like rent-a-fuzz that were in front of the different places downtown in Manila, they carried machine guns. 39:15 So you didn’t mess with them. You stayed away from them. And I went down there with, I never went to... We went in groups, never alone, always in big groups, four, five, six at a time, and we stayed together and we seen the sights. But that was when Imelda Marcos was there with all of her shoes and that was the big joke because I wore high heels and I had ninety pair of high heels and they always called me Esmeralda Marcos because she was the first lady of the Philippines, her husband. 40:04 And that was, the Philippines was very eye opening. And of course thirty or forty years before our soldiers were fighting there and it’s like very, I don’t know, I don’t know how to describe it. But if you stop and think about stuff like that that you were walking where men had lost their lives forty years before, you’re going to take things a little bit more seriously. Interviewer: So you said you’ve traveled a whole lot and you’ve seen the world, but did that require you actually packing up and moving? Did you ever live in very many places? No, basically I was living in Virginia when I was in the military, got out, stayed in Virginia and then I worked for a civilian company and they shipped me out to California, and then I was out to California for nine months, and then the company lost the contract and I moved back home. 41:13 But I’ve traveled for vacations in a lot of different places and with the two different trips to Diego Garcia, one we went around the world this way, went around the world this way, so I can say that yes, I have been around the world. I mean, we stopped in Naples, we stopped in Athens, and Baharan which I’ve mentioned earlier, so that… Of course, I’ve been to Ireland and I’ve kissed the Blarney stone but that was on my own time. Interviewer: So when you were traveling, was it ever hard for your family or for you, being apart from your family so often? 42:01 �When I was on active duty, I was single and I was stationed in Virginia. Later, when I joined the reserves, couple of times when I was out in California, my husband at that time went with me. We stayed on the beach, we didn’t stay in the barracks, we stayed at a hotel which they consider, what they call, on the beach. So we’d go off and do our sight-seeing when I wasn’t working. He watched TV or take his crossword puzzles or a book and read while I was working and then when I got out of work we’d go out to dinner and do our sight-seeing. But it was only for two weeks. Well, three weeks when we were in Diego Garcia because that was such a long flight, but it was a mini vacation. I mean, I still had to work my forty hours but I could go home to the barracks and relax and I always took a crochet hook with me and I crocheted while I was in the room. 43:11 Whenever I travel I either have a book or a crochet hook and I’d get to where I was going for the two weeks and I’d crochet up an afghan while I was there and I’d leave it for somebody. I’ve probably got afghans pretty much around the world because I’d make them up and, you know, if you have to come home, you don’t have to do housework, you don’t have to do dishes, you’ve got a lot of time on your hands. I mean, because most of the time when we went away on a two weeks we stayed in the barracks and then weekends we’d go off and do our sight-seeing when we weren’t working, and I just had little hands. Got to keep busy. Interviewer: So how did your military career come to an end? 44:02 Was it something that happened real quick that just had to make you stop or was it something that kid of just dwindled down and you decided to resign? Well, I had the three years and I got out because I was married and I had five stepchildren and women could not have dependents. Then after, I think seven years later, I went back into the reserve program and I stayed in the reserves for another seventeen years so I had a total of twenty. Once I got my twenty in, it’s like, “Okay, no more getting up at 5:00 in the morning �once a month. Darn. No more mini vacations, no more seeing the world.” I miss that part. I miss the guys that I did the reserves with. That part I miss, because there’s…you know, you watch these young kids grow up, have their families. You see them every month, one weekend a month you see them. 45:01 And two weeks of the year we’d go and meet, go off and see the world, do our job and come back. And then we’d come back to real life and go back to work again. There’s nothing wrong with hard work. Interviewer: Throughout your military career, what was your fondest memory that you can always think of? Fondest? I don’t know, I guess the experiences that I had in boot camp. I met some wonderful women and my one girlfriend, we stayed in contact and I lost touch with her in the late ‘80s. I know that she was in Beaumont, Texas, her and her husband. She was in the reserves, and they had both gone into the reserves, and their daughters are probably producing grandchildren for them now and I can’t find her. 46:04 So, the other day after your call I got on the computer and looked up Bainbridge, Maryland where I went to boot camp and this is a picture that I had taken off the site showing that “Through these portals pass the women of the greatest navy” of the world and that’s where we had our company picture and I don’t know if there’s sites there that I can find and try to locate her. If she starts looking at the military, hopefully we’ll get in contact through Bainbridge. But one of the things that…this was my patch that I found last night looking around, was on my uniform in boot camp, propellers and the anchor, and this was also a hat device that we had on our hats. 47:04 I lost mine when I went out to Whidbey Island in Washington state. I had it on my coat, on my jacket and it came off. This was my, when I went to radioman school, I was a seaman second class and these uniforms were the seersucker that you had to starch and starch and starch. They buttoned down the front, short sleeves, little A-line �skirt, and they could not be above our knees. I was in the ‘70s. My girlfriend and I, we went to the Navy ball when we were in radioman school together and, in the ‘70s hotpants were very, very popular and I had made a lace hotpant suit and she had a hotpant suit with lace and we wore white go-go boots. 48:08 We walked into the auditorium and there were generals and admirals and gold scrambled eggs everywhere because the men wore the dress uniforms, all gold and glitter and the women were in long formals and Jeannie and I came in there with hotpants. Nobody said a word because we were dressed up. I mean, we had our hair done and we were all in lace, but they were just short lace. And then, later when I went to radioman school then this was my patch that I had on my uniform with the sparks for the radiomen. That was when I was E4. And when I left the Navy I had made, this is a plaque from the Naval Investigative Service under Naval Intelligence Command and this was signed by Captain Martin, and this shows that I was radioman second class at that time. 49:10 And then later when I was in the reserves I made radioman first class, which was an E6, and I did pass the test for E7 but I did not make the board and I, to make E7 you also had to extend for two years and I almost had my twenty years in, and I said that’s enough, I’ve got my twenty in and I’m done. So I retired as an E6. Interviewer: What kind of things did you do, what was your life like after you were out of the military? When I retired or when I went back into the reserves? Interviewer: When you retired? When I retired? Now I’m just waiting out until I turn sixty and start receiving my retirement. I work in my regular job during the day time and I have a part time job at Meijer’s, but eventually, when I hit sixty, then I’ll start drawing my retirement pay. 50:16 And it won’t be a lot. The whole time I was in, the seventeen years I was in, I used that money for an extra car payment so I �always had a nice car which was a perk of being in the reserves. We got four days pay for one weekend, and that was pretty cool. I got paid twice as much, you know, that’s the way the reserve system works. So that was nice that it was set up that way. And then when we went away for our two weeks, if we were overseas we got overseas pay for two weeks, so that was a little extra. Interviewer: Did you miss your job after you retired? Not the job so much, because that’s a clerical type position but I miss the people. 51:05 Every once in a while if I’m in Grand Rapids and it’s on the third weekend of the month I might run into the reserve center to see who’s still there. I know that Bill is in Montcalm Sheriff and he made chief and he stayed an extra couple of years but it’s been, since ’98 so I don’t think he’s there any more so he’s probably retired up in Montcalm County. And I don’t…some of the other people were from Allegan and different parts around west Michigan and I don’t get a chance to run into them and I kind of miss seeing what they’re doing, how their kids are, but I guess I just haven’t taken the time to check it out because it could be done. I just am too busy with other things I guess. Interviewer: So you still wish you could stay in contact with the people you’ve worked with? Yes. Just to say “hi” or “how are you doing?” or “let’s get together for a barbecue this summer,” something like that. 52:05 See what you’ve done since you’ve gotten out of the Navy, because we were all pretty close to the same age. Couple of them were a couple years younger but we pretty much went through that seventeen years, or fifteen years here in Grand Rapids, together. Interviewer: What’s the biggest thing that you have noticed that has changed about you since you were in the military? �I’ve grown up. I was a scared little country girl when I first, I mean, I wouldn’t even ride in a taxi. To this day I still don’t ride in taxis. But I was very intimidated when I was younger. I mean, I grew up, I went to a little one-room schoolhouse for a couple of years, and then I worked in a factory and I finally joined the Navy, seen the world. It was like, wow, there’s a lot out there. There’s a lot of opportunities out there. 53:08 There’s still things on my “honey do” list of things I want to do in life that I haven’t done yet and I just hope that I’m still able to do them. I mean, I want to learn how to play guitar one of these days but I don’t want to cut my nails because I work with the public, I need to keep my nails artificially done. Shame on me, but those little things like that. I want to go to northern France and meet my pen pal from high school. We’re both in our fifties now. I don’t know if she’s still living there, but that’s one of my things that I still want to do in life while I’m still young enough to do it. There are three states that I’ve not been, either between the military with my travels or when I left California. 54:06 I drove out there with my furniture when I went to California then drove back and came back a different way but there are three states I’ve never been in. Hopefully, in the next three years we’ve got plans to go and visit North and South Dakota and we’re going to spend two weeks just driving all over the states, seeing things that I’ve never seen before. Alaska, I don’t know if I’ll ever get to Alaska but maybe. But that’s one of my goals. I’m looking forward to retirement and we’re going to travel, across, back and forth across the United States if we can afford gas. That’s an issue that was not planned on. Interviewer: Are you proud and happy that you were in the military? Are you proud of what you have done? Absolutely. That’s the best thing that I can recommend to someone who does not know what they want to do in life is join the military, get some work experience, get a knowledge of away �from a small town atmosphere. 55:12 When I went to boot camp there were girls from Hawaii, there were girls from all over the United States. We were all together, living together for fourteen weeks. We learned about different things that they did, we did and it gave us a direction in life, even though we not necessarily stayed on the same direction, but it opened our eyes so we traveled in many directions and many opportunities. There’s many opportunities out there. But I would like to do some more things in life. I don’t know yet what I want to do when I grow up. I’ve worked in the clerical, in the computer field and clerical for, I started working when I was fourteen at A & W so I’ve been working way too long. 56:08 I’m not going to add that up for you. But when I joined the military I knew that I wasn’t going to come home and just work in the factory like my parents did. I wanted something more. I think that chance to join the military for any young person out of high school, unless they have a goal, a direction that they want to take, the military will give them opportunities to choose and make decisions as to what they want to do later in life. And you can always change it. People change their careers all the time, but it gives you, it opens your eyes, opens your minds to greater opportunities, things that could happen to you. And of course the discipline, I mean, the discipline, that was tough for me but I managed and so did all the other girls. 57:10 There are things you have to do, and the work ethic that I grew up with, you know, the animals were out in the barn. They couldn’t feed themselves. We had to go out and feed them for them. We had to put the grain out there, we had to put the hay down so I never…we grew up knowing that if there’s work to be done, it had to be done and you go out there and do it. But the military teaches you, number one, discipline and it gives you a push towards a good work ethic because you’ve got your job to do and you’ve got to get it done. Mission complete. You don’t stop, you don’t go home at 4:00 just because it says to clock out. You stay until your work is done and that was one of the things that with my �background and my work ethic I had no problem with that. 58:07 If there’s work to be done, you stay there until you get it done because, if we’ve got a message coming in that says there’s an emergency that’s got to be taken care of. You can’t just stop and say, “Oh I’m sorry, it’s 4:00, I’ve got to go.” You don’t do that in the military. No way. Not on my watch. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Condon-Sharrock, Vikisu (Interview transcript and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Condon-Sharrock, Vikisu Description An account of the resource Vikisu Condon-Sharrock served in the Navy on active duty between 1971 and 1974, and remained in the reserves until 1998. She discusses her experiences in training and on active duty when women were still very new to the regular service, as well as changes that have taken place since then in terms of women's opportunities in the Navy. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Riley, Kyle (Interviewer) Lowell Area Historical Museum (Lowell, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Navy Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Women Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-21 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CondonSharrockV Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/35a6e86a361d416c0d6f2e0528f54db2.pdf 3607a5dcb44fe9047cebc17f8e5f164a PDF Text Text ������������������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confessio brevis et utilis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_A117Confessionale1485 Description An account of the resource Confessio brevis et utilis by Confessionale. Printed in Rome by Bartholomaeus Guldinbeck circa 1485. [ISTC ic00804300] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rome: Bartholomaeus Guldinbeck Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1485 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection: BX 2261 .C66 1485, A117 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Confessionale Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec069547eabf363a32a76f2bea3bd3ec.pdf e82d5ac73fa1318a46c13ddec62c4048 PDF Text Text CONGREGATION AHAVAS ISRAEL YOM HA-SHO'AH HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE SERVICE �l;lazzan: .~il~~JJ?;'l ~l~-1~ ,~ilV.10] C1tt il~ ~7 . i:iil7 ',J~ ,.,~., ,i1~1 ',:i;,', ciN •• •• : T T T T •: T T 1•: - .tv~:1 ',7.;~7 :i7~7 ,'171)] f"~~ ,R~~ .c,N·r "l:l ~:i~tv ,~Nhi I N~1 ,11 tvilN :itvn •• : I T •: I - T - - •:: •• T There is a time for everything; there is a time for all things under the sun: a time to be born and a time to die a time to laugh and a time to cry a time to dance and a time to mourn a time to seek and a time to lose a time to forget and a time to remember. This day in sacred convocation we remember those who gave us life. This day we remember thos€ who enriched our life with love and with beauty, with kindness and compassion, with thoughtfulness and understanding. This day we renew the bonds that bind us to those who have gone the way of all the earth. As we ref]Act upon those whose memory moves us this day, we seek consolation, and the strength and the insight born of faith. Tender as a father with his children, the Lord is merciful with His worshipers. He··knows how_we are fashioned; . He remembers that we are dust. Page One �The days of man are as grass; · he flourishes as a flower in the field. The wind passes over it and it is gone, · and no one can recognize where it grew. But the Lord's com.p assion for ~is worshipers, His righteousness to children's children, remain, age after age, unchanging. Three score and ten our years may number, four score years if granted the vigor. Laden with trouble and travail, . life quickly passes, it flies away. Teach us to use all of our days, 0 Lord, that we may attain a heart of wisdom. Grant us of Your love in the morning, that we may joyously sing all our days . . t,i~N '.' ,:J "l"~"~ .,::, ,.,~n - ' ' • • I .ntt~t? ljo/: "'i~~ ti~ ,-,7;:1:p "1ll, .,., "rr,w ' : •; : T : • I' ' '~~J "~7 ' T When I stray from You, 0 Lord, my life is as death; but when I cleave to You, even in death I have life. You embrace the souls of the living and the dead. The earth inherits that which perishes. But only the dust returns to dust; the soul, which is God's, is immortal. The Lord has compassion for His creatures. He has planted eternity within our soul, granting us a share in His unending life. He redeems our life from the grave. During our brief life on earth He gives us choices. Page Two n~~ 1~7 �These I recall and pour my heart out. How the arrogant have devoured us!. Fifteen thousand children passed through the camp of Terezin from 1941 to 1945. One hundred survived. One who did not was Frantisek Bass, born in 1930, deported to Terezin in 1942, murdered at Auschwitz in 1944. He left a poem. A little garden, Fragrant and full of roses. The path is narrow And a little boy walks along it. A Ii ttle boy, a sweet boy, Like that growing blossom. When the blossom comes to bloom, The little boy will be no more. Page Three �Six million little boys and girls, and men and women, six million of our cousins who by the whim of monsters are no more. That little boy my cousin, whose cry might have been my cry in that dark landWhere shall I seek you? On what wind shaffl reach out to touch the ash that was your hand? Where shall I seek you? There's not anywhere a tomb, a mound, a sod, a broken stick, mar~ing the sepulchres of those sainted ones the dogf aced hid in tumuli of air. 0 cousin, cousin, you are everywhere! And in your death, in your ubiquity, bespeak them all, our sundered, cin1ered kin: David, whose cinctured boneyoung branch once wrapped in phylacterynow hafts the peasant's bladed kitchenware; and the dark Miriam murdered for her hair; the relicts nameless, and the tatoo'd skin fevering from a lampshade in a cultured homeall, all our gaunt, skull-shaven familythe faces are my face! that lie in lime. You bring them, jot of horror, here to me, them and the slow eternity of despair that tore them, and did tear them, out of time. Death may be beautiful when, full of years, ripe with good works, a man, among his sons, says his last word and turns him to the wall. But not these deaths I Not these weighted tears! The flesh of Your sages, Lord, flung prodigal to the robed fauna with their tubes and shears; Your chosen for a gold tooth chosen; for the pervert' s wetness, flesh beneath the roddeath multitudinous as their frustrate sporeThis has been done to us, Lord, thought-lost God; and things still hidden, and unspeakable more. Page Four �A world is emptied. There where Your people praised in angular ecstasy Your name, Your Torah is less than a whisper of its thunderclap. Your synago~es, rubble. Your academies are silent, dark. They are laid waste, Your cities, once festive with Your fruit-full calendar, and where Your curled and caftaned congregations danced to the first days and the second star, or made the market places loud and green to welcome in the Sabbath Queen. There where dwelt the thirty-six righteous-world's piUarsand tenfold ancient Egypt's generation, there is nothing, nothing ... only the million echoes calling Your name still trembling on the air. We who have survived them pray: again renew our days. Again renew them as they were of old, and for all time cancel that ashen orbit in which our days, and hopes, and kin are rolled. I' If the prophets broke in through the doors of-night and sought an ear like a homelandEar of mankind overgrown with nettles, would you hear? If the voice of prophets blew on flutes made of martyred children's bones and exhaled airs burnt with martyrs' criesif they built a bridge of old men's dying groans- Ear of mankind occupied with small sounds, would you hear? Page Five �If the prophets stood up in the night of mankind like lovers who seek the heart of the beloved, night of mankind wo:uld you have a heart to offer? We will renew our prayer, Creat0r, even as You have renewed our hearts. We know that a time will come when there will be no strong and no weak, no hunters· and no hunted, no oppressors and no oppressed, no slayers and no slain, no masters and no servants, no rich and no poor. For we know this world is no waiting room for eternity. Eternity is here among us. · Therefore we are bidden to take thought for our own hereafter, and for our brothers' welfare in this world. And we know that this teaching will survive all its enemies and all our own. Are our enemies mightier than we? _Torah is stronger than their might, and our dream is greater than their night. We know that this world will be saved from evil. Should this not be true, may we know nothing further, as nothing will be worth knowing. For we know how difficult, how dangerous, how piteous it is to be a human being. And we know how granq, how glorious it is to be a human being. When we recall the pain of our past, we also must recall its splendor, the foundation with which our lives begin, and our debt to the long line of our ancestors, of blessed memory, all -those who have come before, beginning with Abraham. Their lives and-their teachings sustain us. The merit of their lives stands at our side today as we seek forgiveness for our own deeds which ha·ve stained and soiled our lives. Page Six �Because of. the strength and the be~uty and the piety of their lives, because ·of our- hope for the future which they have . planted within us-in spite of everythi_ng which strangles hope -we say Yes to creation and we say Yes to our Creator and to His eternity and holiness. We rJse. ,,~i;,: Kishinev · Yi t-_gadal Kishinev . tv1j(~:1 Warsaw ve-yit-kadash ' Warsaw ·· Auschwitz shmei raba Auschwitz r111~~1::) N1:l .,,• N?J,~:J •• : ' T: T : T : Dachau b'alma divra khir'utei Dachau r10~:,7~ 1"7??~1 Buchenwald ve-yamlikh mal-khutei li:,.,~;.,~, 7i:,"~tt~ Buchenwald Babi Yar be-J.iayei-khon uve'yomei-khon Babi Yar uve-1_-tayei di-khol beit yisrael Baghdad ,Nitzr n":i-,:,, .,!tn:i~ "T:' " T •• - : Baghdad :l"iR l~I:;i, N7~~~ I:Iebron ba-agala u-vizman kariv I:Iebron v'imru amen. Ye-hei shmei raba meva-rakh l'alam ul'almei 'almaya. Page Seven : �n~tltJ ,,~i;,: Yit-bara-k h ve.:.yish-tabab Kfar Etzion Kfar Etzion C~i,n.., iNDn", - ve-yit-pa'ar ve-yitromam : .•: - T : •: Mayence Mayence i1ut:':1 NWJ?;':, ve-yitnasei ve-yit-hadar Terezin Terezin '?D?;1:) i1~~?;1:) Treblinka ve-yit'aleh ve-yit-halal ~~il 1"7~ N~7Rl ~~tp Treblinka Bergen-Belsen shmei di-kudsha brikh hu Bergen-Belsen N1'Y', N1'Y, T 1•• : T 1•• : Vilna l' eila l' eila Nn,..w, Nn:,,:1-,~~ Vilna TT• : TT:• T• Usha mikol bir-khata ve-shirata Nn~nl, Nnn~wn Usha T T •:: •:: T T : : ••• Massada tush-be-ltata ve-nelte-mata N7t7¥f ll"~~1 Massada Jerusalem da-amiran b' alma Jerusalem v'imru amen. ''~l~:-?f '~1 ~l"7,\7 C"~1J1 N:~Tf l~ N~j N~7t¥ Nt:17 ·l~l$ ,,1?l!t1 Ye-hei shlama raba min shmaya ve-]Jayim aleinu v'al kol yisrael v'imru amen. . ,,~,t-,~ '~1 'l"7.\7 Oseh shalom bimromav hu ya'aseh yisrael v'imru amen. ci,~ il~~~ N~il ,..~;,??~ ci,~ i1WiY ·l~~ shalom aleinu v'al kol Page Eight , 7t~~ �In _memory. of the s1x million zitJp ;,;t:)~ ;i,:iil1t N~~iJ c"~i,7P~ 1~;tzj c"~tr1 N,~ ,l(· ,c"'1"'0l~ ll"'R.10 int=r c"'ii;,t?, c"'~i,R r,;,~~f ilf~VftJ "'P.~~ ,l7~HW ,'7~1 C"'~; C"'~;~ ,'~1f¥: .,~~ irp~-,f ni~t¥~-z,~ 'll# N~~ .c~,:iu7t "'iJT;l 11.Y. l~f .,p~r;t~W) 1£>7?¥~~) ,nft?~W) C"'~lJiJ iii~~ ii~, C"'~7i~7 9"'~~f ip9.f 01"'1:lt;)iJ ,C"'~Q1y .cry"'lJi:J:p~~ ,31 ci,~=? ,n,t~1 ,C?)7t1~ Niil ~7 .cry"'Di~t¥~-r,~ ·l~~ ,~Nj) Exalted, compassionate God, grant perfect peace in Your sheltering Presence, among the holy and the pure, to the souls of all our brethren, men, women and children of the House of Israel who were slaughtered and burned. May their memory endure, inspiring truth and loyalty in our lives. May their souls thus be bound up in the bond of life. May they· rest in peace. And let us say: Amen. In memory of oll tho doad Z,lJP illi:)~ il0,l7? N~??.J C"'~i,7?~ J:;?itD C"'~Q1 N?~ i,~ c.,,.,;:rv~ ll"'i?iv it1tf c.,,;;,~, c"'~i,R n;,~~f ilf~tptr "'P.t~ ,c~,;~, ,:>,iltD il:>i:i, Ci"il ,J,:>Tiltv ;,1,N-,:> r,i?.jWl-nN i~9.=t 0'1."'l:'t?iJ ,C"'~Q1iJ '~?- N~~ .01:10,l?? "'iJ?;i 11Y. Hf N,il :~ .C;:J"'lJi?.j?q~-r,tt C"'~TJiJ ,;,~:;i ,.,~, C"'~7i~7 9''P.F~ ·17;~ i~Nl1 .CtJ"Oi::i:p~~-,~ ci,~~ ,n,t~, ,c~7q~ T T : : T '.' T T : ' - : 1- : ' •: •: 1•• T : • •: Exalted, compassionate God, grant perfect peace among the holy and the pure, in Your sheltering Presence, to the souls of all our beloved who have gone to their eternal home. May their memory endure as inspiration for deeds of charity and goodness in our lives. May their souls thus be bound up in the bond of life. May they rest in peace. And let us say: Amen. Page Nine �.,onN N, "l7i "" T : •: ' T: The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. I "ll"~ ,., NW'1 niNl~ r• • :•: r,• : • • He gives me repose in green meadows. He leads me beside the still waters to revive my spirit. ·i~~ ll7~7 He guides , ¥~;i P1~-.. "~P~~ me on the _right path, for that is His nature. nJ~7~ N..~;, ,,~ ":P c~ I "1~17 iU1N ":!>• 'T' T- 11, N-i"N N? T T' Though I walk in the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no harm, for You are with me. ·"~r:?.tl~~ ;,~p 9~~~~~' 9t?~~ Your staff and Your rod comfart me. ,"17J ,~~ lt:17W,·"J!";7 1i~?J You prepare a banquet for me in the presence of my foes . .i1~17 "Qi~ ,"~Ni l~~~ l;'t~1 You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. ,":tr "~~-,; ";'!?77~ ,~;n:n :1it, ,~ Surely goodness and kindness shall be my portion all the days of my life. _.c"~: 11-~7 :~ n"~~ "f)=?~ And I shall dwell in the House of the Lord forever. Psalm 23 Page Ten �.: Adon Olam .Ni:ll i"J"-,~ Cit,:J T: • • : T •:1·.· : .N1R~ ;~~ 17~ "I~ .N1il 1'7?~ i1~7 1'27r ,~~ c7i~ 7;,~ ',~ i~t>M:J i1tl1~l r,17&.;, . : •: : T -:- •• : .iliNDn:J il"il" N~ili: TT:•:•::• .i11"~r:tiJ'? ;, ,.,u;'?iJ'? "~w l"tt: ,o~ N~i11 .i1,~~iJ1 TY~ ;,, n"7i)lJ "7~ n"WN1 "7~ "7~il "IJ1 "7~ N'i11 .,, Cil~, "Cl N~i11 .N1R~ Ci"~ "Qi~ r,~7? "J:n; i"~'?~ ;;~f .i11"V.~] 7W-~ r,~f . Ni"N N?1 .,, "" "n u "n~, c17, • T • : • T: T 9 • T•: Adon olam asher malakh, b'terem kol ye-tz1r nivra. L'eit na-asah ve-heftzo kol, azai meiekh sh'mo nikra. · Ve-aharei kikhlat hakol, le~vada yimlakh nora. Ve-hu hayah ve-hu hoveh, ve-hu yih-yeh b'tifarah. Ve-hu ehad ve-ein shei.:.ni, le-hamshil la le-hal)birah .. B'li rei-sheet b'li tahhleet, ve-la ha-oz ve-hamisrah. Ve-hu Eil1 ve-.bal go-ali, ve-tzur bevli b'eit tzarah. Ve-hu nisi u-manos li, m'nat kosi b'yom ekra. • ' B'yado afkid ru}Ji, b'ei~ ishan ve-a-irah. Ve-im ruhi ge-viyati, Adonai Ii ve-Io ira. Page Eleven • • • : • : � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1983-04-10-Ahavas-Israel-Program Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Congregation Ahavas Israel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-04-10 Title A name given to the resource Holocaust Remembrance Service program Description An account of the resource Program for the Congregation Ahavas Israel's Holocaust Remembrance Service, with poems and hymns in English and Hebrew. Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust Remembrance Day Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng he Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/423470c3a1459958362a9c615c4a0db3.pdf 8f256e9e76d45d689fb0ceb48badfec6 PDF Text Text I .,, The Men I s Club _ot Congregation AHA.VAS ISRA!l., rD recognition ani V&l"II appreciation I ; fOI' outataniing ani distinguished service to the victim• ot oppression presents this testimonial to Pieter Nicol.us Termaat Adriana Barbara Termaat who volunteered 1n the Resistance against persecution at the peril or life. April 10, 198) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1983-04-10-Ahavas-Isreal-343 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Congregation Ahavas Israel, Men's Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-04-10 Title A name given to the resource Blessings for Our Food Description An account of the resource Pamphlet of blessings and prayers for mealtime by the Men's Club of Congregation Ahavas Israel, in English and Hebrew Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust Remembrance Day Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng he Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8a3bbaf4921ec5327c903dbdec8695f9.pdf 5b04b17b979e9508487e1fb843693ea8 PDF Text Text CONGREGATION AHAVAS ISRAEL MEN'S CLUB i\Jational Holocaust Remembrance Day April 10, 1983 Yorn Ha'Shoah 5743 �Message . . . . . . . . . National Holocaust Remembrance Day Program Invocation . . . . . . . . . Dr. Albert Lewis, Rabbi Congregation Emanuel Breakfast Grace After Meals Dr. Albert Lewis , Rabbi Greetings Stuart R. Rapaport, President Congregation Ahavas Israel Pieter Nicolaas Termaat / for His Excellency, Dr . J. H . Lubbers, Ambassador of the Netherlands Why We Did Iti . . . . . . Ms. Berendina R. H. Ehrlich Member, Resistance Forces . Pieter Nicola.as Termaat j We C an N o t F orge t ! . . . . Member, Resistance Forces The Motivation of the Resistance Johannes Witte Member , Resistance Forces "Countering the Revisionist Historian" Dr. Dwayne Cole, Grand Rapids Baptist College and Seminary Greetings Marshall Giller, President Ahavas Israel Men's Club Introduction . . . . Fred Sarne, Chairman Holocaust Remembrance Day Presentation of the . . . . Marshall Giller Plaques Greetings Senator Paul B. Henry Closing Remarks Greetings Representative Vern Ehlers Greetings The Hon . Abe Drasin, Mayor City of Grand Rapids Benediction . . . . . . . . Yosef Weingarten , Rabbi Chabad House of Western Michigan Greetings Chris De Witt, Representative of U.S. Senator Carl Levin Greetings . . . . . . . . . Frank Jefferis, Regional Representative of U.S. Senator Don W. Riegel Greetings . . . . . . . . . Linda Slotsima, Staff Assistant to Congressman Hal Sawyer Fred Sarne Are there words to describe the Holocaust? Indeed there are. The words of our brothers in their despair , in their defiance and in their refusal to accept their tormentors objectives are a memorial to the spirit of man and the Jewish people. The words sear _ they call out to the living. But remember, we did more than survive. We won. The people of Israel lives, and while we live, we remember our fallen. �PRAYER iviaster of the Universe, Lord of the humble and the weak, Strength of the righteous and Hope of all who dream of goodness and justice; Mercifully hear our prayer which arises from the anguish in our souls as we recall the Holocaust in which 6 million of our brethren and sisters, your children of the House of Israel, were slaughtered and burned. Expand our minds that we may grasp the full horror of this reign of darkness and touch our hearts with true grief, penitence and resolution that we may remember and never forg~t. MAY WE REMEMBER LORD, AND NEVER FORGET. The burning synagogues, the brownshirts, the jackboots, and the yellow star of David. MAY WE REMEMBER LORD, AND NEVER FORGET. The arrests at midnight, the uprooting of millions from ancestral soil, and the destruction of families. MAY WE REMEMBER LORD, AND N£VER FORGET. The ghettoes, the starvation, the wretchedness and the faith. MAY WE REMEMBER LORD, AND NEVER FORGET. The thick smoke from Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald; the mountains of bones, and the lingering stench of death. MAY WE REMEMBER LORD, AND NEVER FORGET. May the sacredness and solemnity of this hour bring to our hearts the deep resolve that they did not die in vain -- but that their faith and their dreams live on in us and in our children. Amen. �'•. ' . ·· •· G:::-e.nd Rnpids, :.ic>.. rch l Ot.t 03 Dear Ur. & idr:.;;, Terf'lfl.a t; The l.fon 1 :3 Club Ahava"' Con 0 re 0 a ti o n of Isr2.el is l)rot,d to i nvite you to honor you at om' HOLOCAUST 'JAY 1983 at 9 : 30 n . m. 2727 ~ich i can S.E . A~ril lo th at ·,;e will commence with a special service followed by a breal-:fast after which a pro_sram in your honor will be presented. ',le are ver-,/ :pleased t o have with us for thi2 oc c asion me:-:ibers of our b'fichig[J.n l eci~latoi-s as well as representatives of our U.S . ~overnent This i nv i tation is also exten<ler.c to ;;,·our· Jte :xt of kin, as our '1.l ests. 0 Please advise us how :::-iany ·:till ue in ;yo,, r p~LrtJ by :i.:arch 28th, b~' calling F:r:eci. Sa.rue 454 G\97 Fred Sarne , Cha ir :,e sori Holocau::::t Re mer;i'·,=,.,.,,., u ·- ·-nee da:r .. '-· - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1983-04-10-Ahavas-Isreal-Mens-Club Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Congregation Ahavas Israel, Men's Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-04-10 Title A name given to the resource National Holocaust Remembrance Day program Description An account of the resource Program for the Congregation Ahavas Israel's Holocaust Men's Club events for National Holocaust Remembrance Day. Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust Remembrance Day Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/366c493c12a15fe9fdaa9a7e6063db64.pdf 59783e07441435c1d97ab87b0efc38ba PDF Text Text , MEN 1 .:> CLUB OF CONGREGATION AHA.VAS ISRAEL BLESSINGS FOR OUR FOOD Thou shdlt eat and be satisfied, And give thanks to the lord thy God. Deut.8 : 10 , �BLESSING BEFORE MEALS 0 give thanks unto the Lord, for He is good, His loving kindness endures forever. Praised art Thou, 0 Lord our God, King of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth. &ruh oto Adonoi elohenu me/eh ho-0/om ho-motzi lel}em min ho-oretz. . :c'Q?ti~ U'!O li':\C n~'Vnt-t :: :mu~ .ni~i~tT i'~ C~iQ li7tN' rtt iTrJ U~.1f?l U'f pt,tp N?9~ rt-t :c'r:tQV/ U'!O U~lJ nito~h :~ :il?~ClJ nito~? :~ i'T\'7,'1; C'll7ti:r ::ii~ c'~'f;>~;, u1;:r~rtntt :~ il~~rv ,,,~i) N:i~"N:J ,,,~iJ l71!.in~; N~J il!:>~1 ,1~ ,;,;:r :1i~R~ ilrJ~ :Pnb?N NWJ m,:i T \-, - T • : Sheer ho-mo-a-lot b'shuv A-do-nay et shee-vot tsi-yon, ha-yee-nu k 'l}ol-meem, Az yi-rno-loy s 'J;ok pee-nu, u-/'sho-nay-nu ree-na, Az yo-m'-ru va-go-yim, hig-deel A-do-nay, /a-a-sot im ay-leh, Hig-deel A-do-nay la-a-sot i-ma-nu, ho-yee-nu s 'may-J;eem. Shu-vah A-do-nay, et sh 'vee-tay-nu, ka-o-fee-keem ba-ne-gev, Ha-zo-r'eem b'dim-o, b'ri-na yik-ts6-ru. Ho-Joi} yoy-/ayl} u-vo-J;o, no-say rneh-shel} ha-zo-ra, Bo ya-vo v'ri-na no-say a-lu-mo-tav. When the Lord brought back those that returned to Zion, it was like a dream. Then was our mouth filled with laughter, and our tongue with singing. Then the nations said : "The Lord has done great things for them." Yea, the Lord has done great things for us; we rejoice! Bring back the rest of our homeless, 0 Lord. They that sow in tears shall reap in joy . Though sadly they carry seed to the field, gladly they bring home the sheaves. - Psalm 128 2 �GRACE AFTER MEALS :,,~ 'JJ1::11 ,~n ill;l~Q 11:l~ =~ Cf 'i'.'f: :C?i31 ,~n ill;l~Q 11:l~ =~ C~ 'i:J: :D?i31 :leader :Response :leader 'JJi::111 H~11 Hl9 mro7:J :i?~Q U~~t$~ U'i;J~tj 11~~ :U'~'J i:n~~1 i?rfQ u'?;t$f 1l'p.i,~ 11i~ :Response :U'!,:t i:11~~1 i?rfQ u'?;!:$f U'p·?~ ,1,~ :leader .c?il10 nl:$ HiJ .01111;:, 179 u'p.i,~ -!: i1J;l~ 11,; ?~~ 1?1'~ 1JJ1l N1i1 . C'QIJ1:j11 ,t;,0=;1 llJ=;l .i:11~:;l i~,? iQIJ N.i, ,'QJ!I ?i,jij i:11~:j11 :i~[?IJ C?il1'? '~ . i~~ .?i,!iJ iC~ i1:li:;) .,1Jl C?il1? 1if9 1l'z iQ,:t! ?ttJ .1l? ?~? lif7t l'~Q1 .',:,i :l'~Q1 ?:,~ on~~1 l! ?tt N1iT '~ :?:>iJ nt$ liiJ !~ ilQtt 1 :tt1; ,,~ ,,i:i;•7:;i 1,~ Boru!J atta Adonai, e/oheynu me/el} ha-olam, ha-zan et ha-olam ku-lo b'tu-vo, b'IJen b'hesed u-v'ra!Jamim. Hu noten /el}em !'!Joi basar kee l'olam l}asdo. U-v'tuvo hagadol tamid lo l}asar lanu, V'al yel}sar lanu ma-zone l'olam va-ed, ba-avur sh'mo ha-gadol. Kee hu el zan u-m'farnes /a-kol, u-maytiv /a-kol, u-mayl}in ma-zone /'hot briyotav asher ba-ra. Baruh atta Adonai ha-zan et ha-kol. RESPONSIVE READING Praised be our God of whose bounty we have partaken and through whose goodness we live . By Thy grace and loving kindness, 0 Lord, Thou dost nourish and sustain us. Praised art Thou, our God, King of the Universe, Who providest food for all. We thank Thee for our liberation from bondage and for our heritage of freedom. We are grateful for Thy gift of the Torah which enriches and ennobles the mind and soul of Thy people. Remember in mercy, 0 Lord, Thy people Israel, Jerusalem, Thy city, and Zion, the place of Thy glory. 3 �0 merciful Father, bless all assembled at this table (these tables) . Amen. 0 merciful Father , bless all who are rebuilding Zion so that Thy Word may again go forth from Jerusalem. Amen. 0 merciful Father, bless all who help to bring justice and peace to mankind . Amen flt.$0-'ll '9'iJ'?~ !;·nt;t J!l-?"'J~, 1!'¥;~ ti?~tt] .::im;,;, :1ir9iJ",ll1 Y1~iJ"'ll ·!~ i1J!I~ 711;,. ·1~7JJJ it~ i1~b,:r iii:,~ 71,;,. .U'9!~ i1liJ7t~ W'!RiJ ,,l! c~i~,; i1~1 :pJ~ .c~'z~i~ P9Q"'J~ i1~j ·!~ .1J~7Q U'~~ '~iJ .c'?wo 1?~ iJ'O-i,~ !; i1Qt:'.t .,,,;,. ll,\?i1 .:lj,i~ rui,R iJ~,R U")¥i' U?~l 1ltt"Ji:l 1l")'1t:'.t c;,-',~:;i~ .',.::,'? ::i'~QiJ1 ::ii~iJ 1?~iJ .'t:'.tl~~ i1lJii :u~ :l'~~ Nii1 ::l'~Q Nm ::l'~.J N1i1 ci'l On Sabbath add: <:C'Q7iViJ '~IJ7 i1QU7t1 n~~ ;,~~ Ci' 1l?'l'.1~~ Nm 19C1"'Ji;J) ,,9;17t~ c;',~ ~ :1Q~ 117tt:t1 ~~,tr. :c;',tf~ io.11 n~ T1~~ !~ lJJ~ iOlJ? t~ :! -,~ 'lll 1l'?ll c;',~ i1~i~ Nm Ka-ka-tuv, v'a-lJal-ta v'sa-va-ta u-vay-raf:,-ta et A-<19-nay e-/o-hehha al ha-a-retz ha-to-va a-sher na-tahn /ah. Ba-ruh a-ta A-<lo-nay, al ha-a-retz v'a/ ha-rna-zon. · · Uv-nay y'ru-sha-la-yim ir ha-ko-desh bim-hay-ra v'ya-rnay-nu. Ba-rulJ a-to A-do-nay bo-nay v'ra-lJa-rnav y'ru-sha-la-yim, A-rmyn. Ba-rulJ a-ta A -do-nay, e-lo-hay-nu meh-lelJ ha-o-lam, ha-ayl, a-vi-nu, mal-kay-nu, a-di-ray-nu, bo-ray-nu, go-a-lay-nu, yotz-ray-nu, k 'do-shay-nu, k 'dash Ya-a-kov. Ro-ay-nu ro-ay yis-ra-ayl, ha-meh-lelJ ha-tov v'ha-may-tiv la-kol, sheb-1:,ol yom va-yom hu hay-tiv hu may-tiv hu yay-tiv /a-nu. On Sabbath add: Ha-ra-f:,a-man hu yan-1:,i-lay-nu yom sheh-ku-lo shabbat u-m 'nu-lJa l'IJa-yay ha_-o_-_la_-m_im_ _ _ _ __ 0-seh sha-rom bim-ro-mav hu ya-a-seh sha-lom, a-lay-nu v'al ko/ yis-ra-ayl v'im-ru A-mayn. A-do-nai oz /'a-mo yi-tayn A-do-nay y'va-raylJ et a-mo va-sha-lom. May God give strength unto His people; May God bless His children everywhere with peace. Amen. 4 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1983-04-10-Ahavas-Isreal-348 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Congregation Ahavas Israel, Men's Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-04-10 Title A name given to the resource Recognition of Pieter and Adriana Termaat Description An account of the resource Typescript text of recognition of Pieter and Adriana Termaat for Resistance work by the Men's Club of Congregation Ahavas Israel. Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust Remembrance Day Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a45e1bf82f44d34ebefddf80d5d26085.pdf 1cd7d7a2fa8bb040a76acce2823498fc PDF Text Text MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN OFFICERS SAMUEL G . KLAYF. PRESIDENT LEO S . ROSEN, 1ST VICE-PRES. HAROLD A . SILVERMAN. 2ND VICE-PRES. S . I. ROSENBERG. SECRETARY EUGENE FISHER. FINANCIAL SECRETARY .. ,4, t .. , ' , RUBEN BERMAN, TREASURER TRUSTEES ABE ASHENDORF LOUIS M. BERMAN MORRIS BERNSTEIN FRANCIS N . FINE JOSEPH HECHT MAX LEBOW REUBEN L. LEVY FRED RODOFF MAX ROSENBERG DR. MORRIS TELES r ,.., .... ...,. ------------- ,. { , . ,., ·r 1 V 1 .,,,. r ,....,. " ,..., T r• "'I . "-( "r ? > �t.r. e.:,. + 7 MILT ON STEINDLER DR. MORRIS TELES SOL A . SILVERMA N PRESIDENT S. I. ROSEN BERG VICE PR£BIDENT TREASURER SECRETARY 3Vlona View Jewish Cemetery Association MUSKEGO N , M ICHIGA N OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY 1710 BEACH STREET (' r .. ...,. .. , , - 7 . .. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_BI-1947-ElectedOfficials Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Congregation B'nai Israel Mona View Jewish Cemetery Association Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-08-11 Title A name given to the resource Elected Officers, 1947 Description An account of the resource Letters certifying the elected officers of Congregation B'nai Israel and the Mona View Jewish Cemetery Association, August 11, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2bb657689d1c87c8b4f66f4f5f9a5f08.pdf f212b28ad03452f9550a5b05ffab36dd PDF Text Text ... �1.9()I 1.951 '1 �• ~'9-o.- th.e S'iMCJO'Jue, besi.des beinq a., raH~irt9 commutt.til c.enfer keepinq a.9tcw aU that is vita.l,p,-eciou.s and. sa.cred itt.1 Israel, suves a.s a. dyMmi.c symbol that tke Almi9h.ty is evev- neav hi:; dtilrfreti, eve•· read~ to listen. b, lk.eiY pra'JeYS, to e,-~ ~JI"'\ ~ • . ·, /. te~d kttp 4nd eon.solatiott to Ute wear-'f tlM tttui~, fo solace, tVUl comfort t£te.., su.ffe.,.i.11.9 ~ttd. di.stressed and to in.spiYe witk faitk Qnd hope iht doubtil'Uj a.ui pirplej.ed.. CJh.e absolute un.itLJ of- the tiernal, the oMness of-the ideal lritt.if~ of .Jorah, God., avt.d. brael, has always been. the pri.maYlj teachin9 of- thi~ hallowed. tn.sti..illtion. ..•• the S1JM9oqwt 3tafetL Jtayi.m �THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Dear Rabbi Umen: Hearty felicitations and wannest personal greetings on the happy occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Congregation B1 nai Israel. I trust tnat for long years to come the Congregation will continue to exemplify the highest teachings of the • ancient culture of Israel. Very Rabbi Samuel Umen, Congregation B 1 nai Israel, Fourth and Webster, Muskegon, Michigan. �S 'TATE OF MICHIGAN OrflCE OF THE GOVERNOR -· LAN SI NG G MENNEN WILLIAMS GOVERNOR TO THE MEMBERS OF CONGREGA.TION B'NAI ISRAEL: On the occasion of the 1iftieth Anniversary of Congregation B1Na i Israel, it is a pleasure and a privilege to send you personal good wishes and to greet you on behalf of the people of Michigan. In these daye when change and confu.oion are rife throll8h,out the world, it ia heartening to find a people whose devotion to the ancient faith of their fathers remains unaltered through the centuries. If every American pledged the same •tY.dfa1t allegiance to the principles of liberty and freedom upon which our great democracy is founded, the future security and welfare of the United States would be assuredo During the fifty years since Congregation B'Nai Israel was established, it has not only served its members well but has contributed in no small meauure to the community life of the City of Muskegon. It is m7 earnest hope that in the years to come, as in the past, Congregation B1Nai Israel will continue steadily to grow and prosper. Sincerely, (-~)~,J--~~~lL~ GOVERNOR �sl Jtrh,/n, J/4/lll i/4rd -~jl1ellt !!/4(/J' tfe unlo T/,,,/ )/'' J/,"/1 ltallrJff, //,,, /1/li,,Jt yea,,, anJ juroc/ffim lrlerl!/ l/u ou/l/wul lhe 1 /ruu·I (l1tlo ,,j/ l/4e inhati/,u,I., ilt,,,,,,o;. 25:10- 11 UV. THE JUBILEE INSTITUTION WAS A MARVELOUS SAl'J:.GUARD AGAINST DEADENING POVERTY. BY IT. HOUSES AND LANDS WERE KEPT FllOM ACCUMULATING IN THE IIANOS OF TIIE FEW, PAUPERISM WAS PREVENTED, ANO A RACE OF JJ,OJ, PF.NDENT ED SUCH FREEi 101. DERS A RARE ANO MOllALS INTO ECONO,\ JJCS, ASSURED, STlllKING IT REPRESENT- INTRODUCTION THAT ,\JANY HAVE BEEN OF JN- CLINLD TO QUESTION WIIETIIER TIIJS WONDERFUL INSTITUTION W,\S EVER IN ACTUAi, FORCE. HOWEVER, 'NOT!!ING IS MORE CERTAIN TIIAN THAT TIIF. JUBILEE WAS ONCE FOR 1 CENTURIES A REALITY IN TIIE NATIONAL LIFE OF JSR,\EL • 0 (EWALD) . . . JT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO THINK THAT, AS HAS SOJ\IETIMES BEEN SUPPOSED, TIIE JUBILEE IS A \JERE PAPER-LAW; CONCERNS THE LAND INSTITUTION AT LEAST OF TlIE AS FAR AS (FOR TIIE PERIODICAL REDISTRIBU- TION OF WHICH TIJERE ARE ANALOGIES IN OTHER NATIONS), 0 IT i'IUST DAT E FROJ\I ANCIENT TIJ\IFS IN ISRAFL ACCOROJNG TO Till' TALMUD. TIIE LAW OF (DRIVER) TIIE JUBILEE WAS OBSFRVED AS LONG AS T H E ENTIRE: TERRITORY OF THE IIOLY LAND WAS INIIABITEO BY ISRAEI ITES. \VHFN A PORTION OF THE TRIBES WENT INTO EXILE. TIIF. LAW LAPSED. FRO\l~PENTATF.UCII COJ\IJ\IF.NTS BY JOSEPH 11. HERTZ (r. 532 1 VOL ED.) �SI/ Yifliel/2 ,.;,.'1/nu(,,·aeP.Ja)(,y, on Y~opatJ-'n,, cf,_,tdauvni WEDNESDAY EVE 11NG. NO\EMHER 28, l 8:00 1).~J. ",/uaa611t i, ,:,011u·//,,,'!/ ,non; t/4uu a L,ufje, ;o,nellu:,'/1 ,non, t/4au a 6il't/4 ,;JUVJ'/4, d t6 a u;e. '· .:-!ORRIS JO~EPII, I 848-19J0 National .\nlhem ........................................................................ Audience Invocation ............................................................................ Samuel Umen RAIHll, CONGREGATION o ·NAI ISRAl:.L Greetings ..................... ................................................... l-lermall Crossman PRESIDENT, CONGREGATION B'NAI JSRAEL Violin Solo ............................... ................................ \\lamer Culombeck ACCOM P ANIEO BY IIUBERT BAKER 0 CONGREGATION B NAI ISRAEL ORGANl~T Remarks ....................................................................... Jacob l\1. Kaufman FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY PROGRA,'\.l C HAIRMAN Vocal Solo ................................................................... Evelyn Galomheck Chairman of the Evening ...................................... Rabbi Scmwel Umen ./;ulrlrrle 1111 ,,,f ,11/11/un SuBJECTS FoR D 1scuss10N Arw PARTICIPANTS:- What is Judaism? .......................................... Rabbi Sanfond Sapersteill T EMPLE BETH JACOB, PONTI AC, MICll. What Are Some Of The Factors That Served In The Preservation of J udaism To This Day! .............. Rabl1i Alfred Friedman CONGREGATION 511AAREY ZEOEK, LANSI:S:G, 'llCIIIGAN Has Judaism Anyhing To Offer To The Jrn ln Our Day? .............................. .. ....................... Rub bi Gershon Winer CONGRFGATION AIIAVA ISR,Hl. , GllANO RAPIIJS, MICH. \ Vhat ls The Relationship Betwl'en Judaism And Christianity? ........................... ............. neuerend Samlwl N. Oliver FIRST CONGREGATIONAL. C'llll11Cll, .:-1USKEGOX. MICH. j \Vhat Can Be Done To 8rin!1 About :\ Clos<>r Und('r,landing Between Jew and Christian? RL\'I.RLND JA:"11''> D. ~l(INNFR 0 SAINT PAUl. S EPISCOPAi. Clll'IICII. 'll lSJ(EG0:-1. '-11C11. !\ u<li<'nC<' Discussion .?Jecejtlion �FRlDAY EVENING, NOVEi'.\lBER 30. 19:il - 8 :00 1).i\L l'SAJ..MS 29:2. SERVICE DEDICATED TO THE PAST PRESIDENTS OF Tl lE CONGREGATION Ho" Cood It Is To Thank The Lord .................. ..... . ................... Clwi, Reading ..... ........ ........................ .............. ..................................... ........ Rabl,i Prayrr For Light ................................................ Two Sisterlwocl Member., Blessing of Lights ..................................................................... .. ......... Choir Reading ............................................ ........... President and \'ice President Leho Dodi ............................................................................................ Clioir Reading ..................... .................................................................. ......... Rabhi Choir Seu Shorim SA1'1UEI.. Kl.AYF PAUL M. WIENER SAMUEi.. LIPMAN I.EO S. ROSEN H ,\ROLD ROSEN 1'11 L TON STEINDI..ER SAMUEL GLUCK In vocal ion ······························ •···· ·· ···· ···· ·· ·········· ·····················~~ Pra) er Servce P. 50 ( Union Prayer Book) Presentation of Kiddush Cup ..................................... Komma Cwlelsky Dedication of Kiddush Cup ......... ............. .. ..... ....... ............. .............. Rabb. Greetings ..... ......... Herman Grossman PRESllJI.NT • CONGREGATION B,NAI ISRAEL :'-lessag(' ...................... .. .. ............. ....... .. ............... PROl·ISSOR OF TIIEOLOGY. DR. SMTUEL s. COIION IIEBRlo\\' UNION COLI..EGE-J.J.R. Lchu N'R;.1nnoh .................. .. .............................................................. Choir . ............................................................... DI?. S.\-"TUtl. GOLDENSON RABBI F.-"IERITUS. Tt-"IPLE EJ\IJ\IANU ~:L. NEW YORK CITY .\doralion ............................................... ............................................. Rabl>i �SABBATH MORN! G SER.VICE-December " IJi.en w me the /I-au»~ ,,,~~a,u;.J6; ,,f ,,,ti/ nde,,,, ,;,-,/o t/wm, !/"·,:,. tluutA~ u.nto //,e .:L/»,d' '. A.M. 1. 1951. 9:00 PSALMS Jw,;/1 I 18: 10. SERVICE DEDICATED TO THE PAST PRESIDE :T'S OF SISTERHOOD i"IRS. ANNA RUBl NSKY ~1RS. BIRDIE KOLBERT MRS. HARRIETT GROSSMAN MRS. LIBBY ROSE MRS. £STH ER GROSSMAN l'IRS. BERNICE WEINBERG MISS FANNIE ROSEN MRS . .~IIRIAM FISHER MRS. ROSE BERMAN ~lRS. MILDRED RODOFF MRS. LILLIAN NIMS MRS. ROSE LAWSON MRS. MARTHA GUDELSKY l\lRS. GENE BERMAN l'!llS. FRANCIS AUGUST MRS. IIORTENSE BERMAN Message . ... .. ....... ... ...... .. ... ... .... .. . ... .. ... ....... . ... .... ...... . .... . . Rabbi I .eon Fram. TEMPLE ISRA£L, DETROIT, ~IICIIIGAS f!lece/ilion A,11,ioersury Souv<'llirs To The Children Of Our Heligious Scfwo/ �SL"'\l)AY E\'E:\l~C. DECE:-IBER 1. 6: ;o f>.\I. al the \lASO:\IC TE:-IPU~ •../J,1,,/,/ I,,,, ,7u,/ ,,,,,/ l,,u j,/,,,.,,,,/ ./ ,..,, /,.,. /. ,-ti,,,,, I, ,/,,,I/ 1,7 ,.11,,,. ,,, PSAI ,1 '""'!/ . J 33: I. ~alional ,\ntlwm l ll\ocalion ................................................................. Rctb/Ji Somuel ( 1m<'n (),>. ::./ l II Jff! I' , ...................... I IC'rm o.: Crossm1111 PRESll)J l\T, CONGRIGATION B N \I ISR.\FI i'lessage ................. .................................................... Jaco/, /\/. Kau{mot1 A'- Nl\'I RSARY PR()(;!!A:>t Cll ,\IP'I \='- R<·marks h, Toaslmasl<'r and l nt·oduction of Cul'sls I hrolcl Ro~c>11 \ lpssaqe ............................................................ . R\BBI IIIR'l\', SCll\.\l'l'"'-nm1cTOR or G'.ll \T LAI{)!, nH·, 10:-- 01· llfl\Rl.W UNJ01'. CO:SGRtG.\TJ()-..;S l~xprC'ssion of Crnt:ludc• .......... ...................................... Tl 'IPLE n'-.. \I ISRAFI !-,l "-DA, Marslia/l T3C'1-m,111 P/1\,f(is GrPC'nlH•rr, SCIIOOI !-,Tl.iDEt">T", t\nwrica ......... ................................................. .............. ............... .. ,'\udiP11c<' l\<'rl<'diclion ...................................................................................... l~al>bi �,?fh,d all Juch w o<xr,j,!/ Menw,/,11,,., iu l«f/,/rtllle~ wil/4 //,e ffan/J <y I.I,,, '6,;,,'!l"''!lat,.,,, nw.!I 11,,., ./Idly (J,,,,, ol,wnl t,, JI(,; y,;ue t/,em //,,,,-,, PRAYER BOOK Jtecv,un/u:nJe . . . PROGRAM COJ\-IMlTTEE Jacob H. Kaufman, Chairman Herman Grossman Leo S. Rosen Rabbi Samuel Umen Samuel Klay( Co-Chairmen * * * TICKET COMMITrEE Mrs. Louis Aron. Chairman 1'-lrs. Jacob M. Kaufman, General Chairman of Banquet and Reception Mrs. Leo S. Rosen, Co-Chairman JVlrs. Max Lebow, Chairman of Arrangements Mrs. Milton Steindler, Advisory Chairman Mrs. Jack Stcindler. Advisory Co-Chairman * * * INSTITUTE O JUDAlSf\1-\Vednesday. November 28. JVlrs. Harry H. Berman. Chairman of RAreshmenls Mrs. Harry S. Berman, Co-Chairman Mrs. Samuel Klayf. Chairman of DP<.:orations Mr~. Fred Rodoff, Co-Chairman * * * FRIDAY EVENING. ~OVE;\IBER 30. Mrs. Louis Aron, Chairman of Refreshments Mrs. l larold Rosen, Co-Chairman 1951 1931 * * * SATURDAY MORNINC, DECE1v1BER 1, 19'51 Mrs. Samuel Lawson, Chairman of Refreshmenls Mrs. Robert Rosenberg. Co-Chairman Mrs. Ernest Klein Mrs. Kornma Gudelsky ivlrs. Isaac Grossman * * * BANQUET, SUNDAY EVENING DECt: JVIBER 2, 1931 Mrs. Jerome Fisher, Chairman of Dinner Arrangements :'- lrs. Joseph Strifling. Sealing Arrangements Mrs. Harry Fisher. Chairman of Decoralions :'-!rs. Paul \VicnN. Co-Chainnan �( ,od of N,1lions: Happ) <1fl' "<' "ho d" l'II un<h·r the flal! ol \nwrit,d I l(•tc men .trc fn•(•; here 1ll('n <1re <'([tt,11: here nw11 ,ire g-u,1r,111l(•ed inali(•nable rigl,h. h<•tc men. t(',pccling dill!'rence, • l<•arn lo liv(' logt'llw1 as brotl1crs. Hlc",ed i, thi, ,acred liNitage or our,! Out ol ()\erflo" inf.! heart,. \\<' ghe Thee th.inks, i' lnke Lt- 0 mindful. Lord! \\t' pray Tl11•1·. ol 1he p r i( <' paid for li,is herilaf.!1'. Our forefather, Ira, er,<"CI uncharll'd "ater,; I hl'' endur<·d I he lninu(·r, ,111d peril, of the fronli(•r: lhe) ,lwd their blood on in defense of the nation's id<'als. ·1 lw flag \\L' n1.111, battlelielcls honor i, ti.(• symbol of tll('ir heroil pioneering. of their af.!1• old quc,t for a l.rncl or freedom. pr,1re and brotherhood. God of our fathrrs. 1•ndow us "ith the ltt'art of the pionerr and t 11(' patriot that \\t' of thi, l!<'neralion may do our part lo pre,en·r thi, ,a<r<'d h1•ril,11!1·. \lay \\t' f.!Uard ii "ith that t'lern<1I ,ii.i.l,11u1• "hich i, tlH• prke of lil><'rly. .0la) \\e clwrish ii "ith a love th.ti kindles i11l0 fl.tmt• in tlw hour of crisis. \ \'e kno\\ that pillal!<' and carn,11.'l' haH· lw1·11 "rough! !01 the glon of n flag th,11 the ('arth h.1s he<•n ra,,1f.!rd In ll,1m1· and fm} for love ol country. Do rliou in,pi,c• our patriotism "ith I hine ,111c ienl la" .i11d <o, Pnanl I h,it "<' ma, tllC',1,ure tlw f.!r<•t1l ne,, ,111d I he (!Ion of our nation not only J)\ tlw \'UsltH'" of ih domain. nor tit(' surfeit ol ol, (!old, nor tlw miQht of ih 1·onq11C'sls. but I)\ th<' freedom of our p(•oplc-. tlw '-H rc•d,w,, l,!OOd-\\ or 1111r rights .,, llll'll. tlw 1'(111,\1 opportunity i\lHI fair pl,I\ ,Ill I ill ol our \\ a) of lire. \meric,,. our \nwric,,l Thin<•. ,\lmiuhh ii I Our, I><' I lu• "ill lo pn•,er, <· ii for our O\\ Cod. be tlw l!r<1ce lo bl1•,, n hlt•ssing ,,nd I lw blP-sinl,! of tlH• nation, or tlw c•,,rth 1 U~IO'S Of ,\\f[IH('\', Ill URI" co,c,,n(,\Tf()'S:,, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_BI-50th-anniversary_1951 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Congregation B'nai Israel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Title A name given to the resource 50th Anniversary Program Description An account of the resource Program for the 50th Anniversary Celebration of Congregation B'nai Israel. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives