125 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/affb9f8ba9c85f5f9aae3b6fc26e0020.mp4 02bf944d8bf5a40dc37d63b5d3aa61d2 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/77fa2baea5202c5bd03610834bc6241d.pdf 5561f4085ae625bb997c6dd6b63fc778 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project John Carlson Parts 1, 3 and 4 Cold War, Vietnam War PART 1 1 hour 10 minutes 19 seconds (00:00:09) Early Life -Parents came from St. Paul, Wisconsin and moved to Holland, Michigan in 1936 -He was born in 1943 -Dad worked at the Friedland Company -Made field jackets and coats during WWII -Spent a lot of time in St. Paul on a family farm growing up -Attended Holland High School -Graduated in 1961 -Wrestled and played the tuba -Interested in history -Wanted to study electronics after high school -Knew that the Navy would be the best bet to get that kind of education -Wanted to join the Navy for the sake of an education and adventurism (00:05:39) Naval Training – Basic Training -Reported for boot camp in September, 1961 -Finished basic training and electronics school in late October, 1962 -Trained at Great Lakes Naval Academy -Stayed on the compound the majority of the time -Not a lot of marching due to the base’s relatively small size -Mostly classroom work and not a lot of physical training -Trainers were more subdued than the stereotypical Army or Marine drill instructors -Got to go on Christmas leave -Transition into military living was not a difficult one -Used to marching from being in marching band -Expected the trainers to be tough on them (00:08:58) Naval Training-Electronics Training -Had to take test to qualify for electronics school -Electronics education gave him professional expertise -Guaranteed him a job in the field -Spent a week assembling a radio -Built circuits and transistors -Trained with analog computers from WWII that did calculations for the guns (00:12:55) Cuban Missile Crisis -Last duty watch he heard Kennedy’s address to the Union concerning Cuba -Went on leave and returned to find that his ship had been deployed to the blockade -Reported to the USS Everglades -Was supposed to be on the USS MacDonough -Frigate �-Went to Charleston and stayed there for two weeks -Eventually boarded the USS MacDonough (00:15:32) USS MacDonough-General Overview -Spent three years all told on the USS MacDonough -Did a few Mediterranean tours -Worked with the Marines in Puerto Rico for training exercises in Puerto Rico -Trained on designation and displacement equipment -Fire control for guns and missiles -Used the BW1 missiles-first missiles of their kind, extremely basic defensive capability -Trained to be a range finder operator -Outdated, but still essential piece of equipment -Usually last station to be involved in a training exercise -Did a lot of mess cooking for the first nine months -Would make thirty five gallons of coffee for every meal -Day started at 5 A.M. (00:23:25) USS MacDonough-Making 3rd Class -Eventually made 3rd Class -First night as 3rd Class got to pull shore patrol at St. Croix Island, US Virgin Islands -Station was where Alexander Hamilton learned accounting -Put on “special weapons watch” -Ordered not to let anyone behind locked doors: shoot on sight -Guarded tactical nuclear weapons -Had to go to the range for pistol training whenever they were in port -Ordered to go through 1000 rounds of ammunition -Not given any ear protection, still suffers hearing problems because of it (00:28:10) Seasickness Story -Never bothered by seasickness -Got ordered to clean a bathroom while still on mess duty first time going to sea -Superior officer kept showing up and berating him for not doing a good enough job -Officer told him that he wanted to keep his mind off being sick -Concerned about him getting violently ill (00:30:16) First Mediterranean Deployment -Heavy weather never really happened -Mediterranean Sea was always considered safe, North Atlantic was considered dangerous -They were not authorized to stop in North Africa or Israel -Visited Italy numerous times -Specifically the cities of Rome and Naples -Locals understood that Americans had money, so they were welcomed in for the commerce -First stop was in Izmir, Turkey -After that went to Naples, Italy -Cannes in July -They stopped in Valencia -Got to see the bullfights there -By November 1963 they had returned to the United States �(00:34:49) JFK Assassination -Remembers JFK being assassinated while he was pulling mess duty -Within five minutes the entire ship knew -Everyone that could gather around the TV did -News was received at 10 AM -Given “holiday routine” for reflection and to pay attention to the news -Kennedy was somewhat revered in the Navy for having been in the Navy himself -The assassination felt like it had been an attack on the entire Navy (00:37:17) Commodore Inspection and Other Duties -Was on board during an ORI (operational readiness inspection) -Made sure that the ship looked good and was up to code -Crew was interviewed by the commodore to see if they knew their jobs well enough -Commodore interviewed him and found out he knew how to work the range finder -This impressed the commodore and “made his day” -Conducted missile testing on the missile range -Conducted Marine landing exercises in April (or May) in Puerto Rico (00:40:47) 1964 World’s Fair -In 1964 they were deployed to New York City to be tied up at Pier 90 for the World’s Fair -Extremely close to 45th Street -There presence was meant to be a form of exhibition -Saw primitive IBM and GE computers -Cultural experience -Stayed there for a few days -Got to see downtown New York -Stayed out of trouble while ashore -Usually got a few drinks in the afternoon then got dinner with shipmates -Had to get up and do ship duties in the morning until noon or later anyway (00:45:46) “Jumping Ship” Story -In 1963 they were in Istanbul, Turkey and he got in an argument with the supply officer -Technically was under the authority of the weapons officer and not the supply officer -Weapons officer would habitually put in for Carlson’s Liberty Card -Supply officer revoked his liberty pass -Used liberty card from weapons officer to go ashore -Practice of leaving the ship illegally was called “jumping ship” -Returned to the ship successfully and no one ever knew (00:48:24) Second Mediterranean Deployment -In Summer, 1964 they did another tour in the Mediterranean Sea (00:48:33) Visiting Rome on the First Deployment -Got to go to Rome -Saw the Villa Borghese -Went to the Vatican -Got blessed by the Pope -Saw the Roman forum (00:49:29) Back to the Second Mediterranean Deployment -Went to Naples, Italy �-Had a layover in Taranto, Italy and had a party on the beach there -Went to Trieste, Italy in early October, 1964 -Docked with the USS Boston there (00:50:45) Ship Fire -While in Trieste he went ashore and visited the Alpine area -Came back and saw that there had been a boiler fire -Navy used Bunker 6 (recycled fuel) that was highly volatile and made of heavy metals -Firefighter was burned to death -Had to flood the compartments to put out the fire -Ammunition compartment had been flooded -Had to use carbon tetrachloride (highly toxic solvent) to clean the missile electronics -Reloaded and went to Cannes, France (00:55:16) Visiting Paris, France -Five day, all expenses paid trip to Paris was offered for $73 -Took a train from Cannes to Marseilles -From Marseilles took another train to Paris -At the time the train he rode from Marseilles was the fastest in the world -Stayed in a hotel -Had a tour bus with a tour guide every day -Got stuck across town one night because the subways stopped at 10:30 PM -Got to see Napoleon’s Tomb -Got to visit Versailles (00:57:35) Fleet Landing Watch in Cannes -Did fleet landing watch for one night after Paris -Had to report in every hour -Had a hand-crank powered generator that powered the short range radio -Served the watch with a chief that had served in WWII -Spent the night talking, drinking coffee, and smoking (00:59:40) More on the Second Mediterranean Deployment -Never ran into any major trouble at sea or ashore -Stayed out of the bad neighborhoods -In Naples and Palermo, Italy they were told to stay downtown and not go into neighborhoods -Got home by Christmas, 1964 TAPE ENDS AT 1 hour 0 minutes 45 seconds Note: Part 2 did not record properly--will try to reshoot. Story resumes with first Vietnam deployment in Part 3. PART 3 & 4 1 hour 25 minutes PART 3 (00:00:10) First Vietnam Deployment-Tonkin Gulf �-Aboard the USS Wainwright in the Tonkin Gulf -Went to Subic Bay, Philippines in May 1967 for refuel and supply check -Got fresh groceries and their mail -Went up to the Tonkin Gulf after leaving the USS Long Beach -Got order to go “online” on June 3, 1967 -After that they were planned to go around the world and return to Charleston -Three days later those plans were voided because of the Six Day War -Station period (time spent in a part of the Gulf) was thirty to fifty days -Always at least six ships in the Tonkin Gulf -Soviet trawlers occasionally came into the Gulf -Soviets were gathering intelligence to give to the NVA -Could not engage the Soviet trawlers -Their station job was to use long range radar to keep track of friendly and hostile aircraft -Search and rescue if necessary -Keep the aircraft carriers safe from air raids -Also had 250,000 gallons of helicopter fuel for refueling -Their station was thirty miles south of the city of Haiphong -Moved in closer when bombardments part of Operation Rolling Thunder were being conducted -Worked with aircraft carriers during bombardments -Protect aircraft and protect aircraft carriers -They gathered radar information and fed it back to radar operators on board the carriers -They stayed in the Tonkin Gulf Theatre for about three hundred days (all toll) -Went stateside between cruises -1967 cruise was seven and a half months -1968 cruise was eight and a half months (00:11:33) First Vietnam Deployment-Staying in Contact -Got their news from Newsweek and Time -Knew that the papers were heavily biased -Far removed from the details of the war -Didn’t know how it was going -Any objective information about the war came from Navy newspapers -There wasn’t much news about the war though -Radar killed off long range radio contact with the outside world -Very isolated in the Gulf -Stayed entertained with movies and music (00:17:17) First Vietnam Deployment-Incidents and Daily Life -Had a helicopter crash into their superstructure -Rotor fractured and exploded and wounded a number of sailors -Came to rest on their flight deck -They stripped it of essential equipment then pushed it overboard -Other than the helicopter crash the 1967 cruise was pretty uneventful -Kept themselves busy by reading a lot (00:21:00) First Vietnam Deployment-Repairs and Leave -Went to Subic Bay for repairs -Stayed there for three weeks �-Toured around the base, but stayed out of the town -Went to Hong Kong -Locals welcomed the American money -Chinese scavenged food as their payment for painting ships -Went to Sydney, Australia as part of leave -Liked the people, didn’t like the warm beer -Stayed there for four days -Went to Wellington, New Zealand -Went to Stokes Valley and visited a friend that lived there -Stayed there for four days -Went to Tahiti -Far superior to Hawaii (00:28:02) First Vietnam Deployment-Return Voyage and Coming Home -After leave boarded the USS Wainwright and traveled across the South Pacific towards Canal Zone -Cut through the Caribbean Sea and headed up to Charleston -Arrived in Charleston on November 13, 1967 -Most sailors saved their leave for the holidays -Commanding officer left the sailors alone, didn’t expect much work out of them -Went home on Christmas leave -Got married to a girl he had been talking to prior to and during service -Brought her to Charleston and made her an official Navy wife (00:31:30) Second Vietnam Deployment-1968 Cruise -After being back for four months they had to leave for an eight and a half month deployment -Went to Pearl Harbor, then Guam for fuel -Went to Subic Bay for fuel and orders -Arrived in Vietnam in July 1968 -Went up to Da Nang Harbor for information exchange with the Marines -Returned to former operating area in the Tonkin Gulf -CBS showed up to do an interview with commanding officer (00:36:24) Second Vietnam Deployment-First Part of Being on Station -From August to September they were on station -Went to Subic Bay in mid-September -Went back to Hong Kong -Tropical storm rolled in -Had to leave twenty sailors on shore to escape the harbor -British Navy brought them up to Subic Bay -After Hong Kong went back to Subic Bay -Saw the battleship USS New Jersey in the harbor -Returned to their station in the Gulf (Yankee Station) and relieved the USS Sterett -By the end of October they were back on station -Operation Rolling Thunder ended soon thereafter -Sent to Sasebo, Japan in November (00:40:04) Second Vietnam Deployment-Second Part of Being on Station -Went back to area of operations for forty five days -Ending Operation Rolling Thunder lifted the stress on the sailors �-Went back to Subic Bay in early January 1969 -Went back across the South Pacific after that -Made the Mess Deck Master at Arms -Checked the new sailors’ hands to check for hygiene -Gave them a pep talk and a rundown of how things worked on the ship PART 3 ENDS AT 45 minutes and 12 seconds PART 4 (00:45:28) Second Vietnam Deployment-Incident at Okinawa -In October 1968 they were bound for Sasebo, Japan -Got an emergency call to go to Okinawa -Rescued civilians that were stranded onboard the SS Lindenwood Victory without a propeller -Towed them back to port at Sasebo (00:48:00) Second Vietnam Deployment-Return Cruise in Pacific -Went back to Subic Bay and then down through the Tori Straits -Waterway between Papua New Guinea and Australia -Thick fog -Took an hour to pass through -Passed behind the Great Barrier Reef -Went back to Sydney, Australia -Went to Auckland, New Zealand -Went back to Tahiti for refueling (00:50:33) Second Vietnam Deployment-Return Cruise in Caribbean -Went to the Canal Zone -Stopped at Rodman Naval Station in Panama for fuel and supplies -Allowed leave for three hours to visit the clubs -Got into the Caribbean Sea the next day -Stopped at St. Thomas -Captain’s order was to buy stuff for loved ones -Also told to buy a crate of liquor from a store called Sparky’s -Got a gallon of duty free liquor from Sparky’s (00:53:35) Return to Charleston -Got to Charleston in the late morning -Had leave orders -Wife met him in Charleston for several weeks of leave -Won the Anchor Pool -Lottery based on time of arrival in Charleston -Spent that money and leave for honeymooning -Visited wife’s family in Hamilton, Michigan -Returned to Charleston (00:56:47) Norfolk, Virginia and Operation Springboard -After a few months in Charleston the USS Wainwright was invited to Norfolk for a demonstration -May 1969 �-Went ashore and no one from shore patrol came to pick them up -Went to shore patrol headquarters and got things sorted out -Stayed in the shore patrol headquarters building -Went to Operation Springboard later in May -Marine training exercise in Puerto Rico (01:00:14) Warehouse Job in Charleston -Got attached to a supply warehouse detail -Never had to go to the ship -Inventoried everything -Putting new stuff on the shelves -Pulling old stuff off of the shelves -Put in a normal forty hour week -Job lasted for five months -Lived at home with his wife -Spent Friday nights together -Socialized with shipmates (01:04:40) End of Enlistment and Return to Michigan -Heard rumor that there would be a manpower reduction -Became official shortly thereafter -Wound up getting cut six weeks later -Some sailors had to go through refresher training -Others had to back to Vietnam including one sailor he knew -January 5 1970 was his final day of duty -Left Charleston an hour after cleaning out their apartment -Spent a night in Gatlinburg, Tennessee -Second day of travel they got caught in a snow storm north of South Bend, Indiana -Followed a truck right up to Hamilton, Michigan (01:08:25) Working after the War -Planned to take some time off -Wound up applying for job with the Heinz Company in Holland on January 11 -Went to work on the 14th as an electrician -Only got nine days of break time -Worked with the Heinz Company for seven years -Lots of veterans from WWII and Korea worked there; he was the first Vietnam vet -Worked at the Holland power plant after Heinz -Worked there until his 55th birthday -Retired after that -Got a contractor’s license after the power plant to keep him busy (01:10:52) Reunion Involvement-Pre Reunion Group -Didn’t talk about wartime experience or meet with other shipmates for a long time -Went to a picnic sponsored by the Vietnam Veterans of America -Started getting involved after that -Went to welcome home parade in Chicago for Vietnam veterans -June 1986 -200,000 Vietnam veterans showed up -Saw war buddies reunite in a hotel lounge and wanted to experience that �(01:12:34) Reunion Involvement-Formation of the USS Wainwright Reunion Group -Stopped at VFW Hall for a few beers one day after work -Talked with another veteran and decided to start his own reunion group -Started communicating with old shipmates -Planned Washington DC reunion in July 1987 -Six of them went to DC -Saw the Bicentennial Celebration of the Constitution -Largest fireworks display in history -Within two months they had eighty names -Had first reunion in Charleston in 1989 -By that time there were three hundred names on the list -Assembled roster of 3600 names spanning twenty six years of service -Reunion list now has seven hundred names on it -Went to Cincinnati in 1991 -Built an association over time -Was able to step back and compile history -Payoff was being able to see friends reunite -Wanted to be able to create a lasting legacy for the sailors (01:19:45) Reflections on Service -Navy provided him with technical training -Shaped him into the person that he is today -Fulfilled his drive to go to sea -Did an unpopular thing at an unpopular time -Camaraderie was formed because of that -Proud to be part of an honorable group of soldiers -Comfortable with being a veteran -Owns the situation, isn’t scarred by PTSD or guilt -Wants to know the stories of other Vietnam veterans -Wants to be in touch with what the ground troops endured -Attends other reunions besides the USS Wainwright reunion to stay in touch with other Vietnam vets � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carlson, John (Interview outline and video, 3 and 4 of 4), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carlson, John Description An account of the resource John Carlson is a U.S. Navy veteran that served before and during the Vietnam War first aboard the USS MacDonough (before Vietnam) and aboard the USS Wainwright during the Vietnam War and saw action in the Gulf of Tonkin during Operation Rolling Thunder. He was born in Holland, Michigan in 1943 and enlisted in the Navy in 1961. He trained at Great Lakes Naval Academy and specialized in electronics. He traveled throughout the Mediterranean Sea aboard the USS MacDonough and the Tonkin Gulf and South Pacific aboard the USS Wainwright. He then had shore duty in Charleston, South Carolina, and left the Navy in January 1970. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-10-17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CarlsonJ1325V3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/07b5c8c3738ca17090e756a6b8ab87c8.mp4 8ea0714ddde12983c0aea5761a37c5ea https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/54e82e234b9012b96a716d1f6e589e60.pdf 5561f4085ae625bb997c6dd6b63fc778 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project John Carlson Parts 1, 3 and 4 Cold War, Vietnam War PART 1 1 hour 10 minutes 19 seconds (00:00:09) Early Life -Parents came from St. Paul, Wisconsin and moved to Holland, Michigan in 1936 -He was born in 1943 -Dad worked at the Friedland Company -Made field jackets and coats during WWII -Spent a lot of time in St. Paul on a family farm growing up -Attended Holland High School -Graduated in 1961 -Wrestled and played the tuba -Interested in history -Wanted to study electronics after high school -Knew that the Navy would be the best bet to get that kind of education -Wanted to join the Navy for the sake of an education and adventurism (00:05:39) Naval Training – Basic Training -Reported for boot camp in September, 1961 -Finished basic training and electronics school in late October, 1962 -Trained at Great Lakes Naval Academy -Stayed on the compound the majority of the time -Not a lot of marching due to the base’s relatively small size -Mostly classroom work and not a lot of physical training -Trainers were more subdued than the stereotypical Army or Marine drill instructors -Got to go on Christmas leave -Transition into military living was not a difficult one -Used to marching from being in marching band -Expected the trainers to be tough on them (00:08:58) Naval Training-Electronics Training -Had to take test to qualify for electronics school -Electronics education gave him professional expertise -Guaranteed him a job in the field -Spent a week assembling a radio -Built circuits and transistors -Trained with analog computers from WWII that did calculations for the guns (00:12:55) Cuban Missile Crisis -Last duty watch he heard Kennedy’s address to the Union concerning Cuba -Went on leave and returned to find that his ship had been deployed to the blockade -Reported to the USS Everglades -Was supposed to be on the USS MacDonough -Frigate �-Went to Charleston and stayed there for two weeks -Eventually boarded the USS MacDonough (00:15:32) USS MacDonough-General Overview -Spent three years all told on the USS MacDonough -Did a few Mediterranean tours -Worked with the Marines in Puerto Rico for training exercises in Puerto Rico -Trained on designation and displacement equipment -Fire control for guns and missiles -Used the BW1 missiles-first missiles of their kind, extremely basic defensive capability -Trained to be a range finder operator -Outdated, but still essential piece of equipment -Usually last station to be involved in a training exercise -Did a lot of mess cooking for the first nine months -Would make thirty five gallons of coffee for every meal -Day started at 5 A.M. (00:23:25) USS MacDonough-Making 3rd Class -Eventually made 3rd Class -First night as 3rd Class got to pull shore patrol at St. Croix Island, US Virgin Islands -Station was where Alexander Hamilton learned accounting -Put on “special weapons watch” -Ordered not to let anyone behind locked doors: shoot on sight -Guarded tactical nuclear weapons -Had to go to the range for pistol training whenever they were in port -Ordered to go through 1000 rounds of ammunition -Not given any ear protection, still suffers hearing problems because of it (00:28:10) Seasickness Story -Never bothered by seasickness -Got ordered to clean a bathroom while still on mess duty first time going to sea -Superior officer kept showing up and berating him for not doing a good enough job -Officer told him that he wanted to keep his mind off being sick -Concerned about him getting violently ill (00:30:16) First Mediterranean Deployment -Heavy weather never really happened -Mediterranean Sea was always considered safe, North Atlantic was considered dangerous -They were not authorized to stop in North Africa or Israel -Visited Italy numerous times -Specifically the cities of Rome and Naples -Locals understood that Americans had money, so they were welcomed in for the commerce -First stop was in Izmir, Turkey -After that went to Naples, Italy -Cannes in July -They stopped in Valencia -Got to see the bullfights there -By November 1963 they had returned to the United States �(00:34:49) JFK Assassination -Remembers JFK being assassinated while he was pulling mess duty -Within five minutes the entire ship knew -Everyone that could gather around the TV did -News was received at 10 AM -Given “holiday routine” for reflection and to pay attention to the news -Kennedy was somewhat revered in the Navy for having been in the Navy himself -The assassination felt like it had been an attack on the entire Navy (00:37:17) Commodore Inspection and Other Duties -Was on board during an ORI (operational readiness inspection) -Made sure that the ship looked good and was up to code -Crew was interviewed by the commodore to see if they knew their jobs well enough -Commodore interviewed him and found out he knew how to work the range finder -This impressed the commodore and “made his day” -Conducted missile testing on the missile range -Conducted Marine landing exercises in April (or May) in Puerto Rico (00:40:47) 1964 World’s Fair -In 1964 they were deployed to New York City to be tied up at Pier 90 for the World’s Fair -Extremely close to 45th Street -There presence was meant to be a form of exhibition -Saw primitive IBM and GE computers -Cultural experience -Stayed there for a few days -Got to see downtown New York -Stayed out of trouble while ashore -Usually got a few drinks in the afternoon then got dinner with shipmates -Had to get up and do ship duties in the morning until noon or later anyway (00:45:46) “Jumping Ship” Story -In 1963 they were in Istanbul, Turkey and he got in an argument with the supply officer -Technically was under the authority of the weapons officer and not the supply officer -Weapons officer would habitually put in for Carlson’s Liberty Card -Supply officer revoked his liberty pass -Used liberty card from weapons officer to go ashore -Practice of leaving the ship illegally was called “jumping ship” -Returned to the ship successfully and no one ever knew (00:48:24) Second Mediterranean Deployment -In Summer, 1964 they did another tour in the Mediterranean Sea (00:48:33) Visiting Rome on the First Deployment -Got to go to Rome -Saw the Villa Borghese -Went to the Vatican -Got blessed by the Pope -Saw the Roman forum (00:49:29) Back to the Second Mediterranean Deployment -Went to Naples, Italy �-Had a layover in Taranto, Italy and had a party on the beach there -Went to Trieste, Italy in early October, 1964 -Docked with the USS Boston there (00:50:45) Ship Fire -While in Trieste he went ashore and visited the Alpine area -Came back and saw that there had been a boiler fire -Navy used Bunker 6 (recycled fuel) that was highly volatile and made of heavy metals -Firefighter was burned to death -Had to flood the compartments to put out the fire -Ammunition compartment had been flooded -Had to use carbon tetrachloride (highly toxic solvent) to clean the missile electronics -Reloaded and went to Cannes, France (00:55:16) Visiting Paris, France -Five day, all expenses paid trip to Paris was offered for $73 -Took a train from Cannes to Marseilles -From Marseilles took another train to Paris -At the time the train he rode from Marseilles was the fastest in the world -Stayed in a hotel -Had a tour bus with a tour guide every day -Got stuck across town one night because the subways stopped at 10:30 PM -Got to see Napoleon’s Tomb -Got to visit Versailles (00:57:35) Fleet Landing Watch in Cannes -Did fleet landing watch for one night after Paris -Had to report in every hour -Had a hand-crank powered generator that powered the short range radio -Served the watch with a chief that had served in WWII -Spent the night talking, drinking coffee, and smoking (00:59:40) More on the Second Mediterranean Deployment -Never ran into any major trouble at sea or ashore -Stayed out of the bad neighborhoods -In Naples and Palermo, Italy they were told to stay downtown and not go into neighborhoods -Got home by Christmas, 1964 TAPE ENDS AT 1 hour 0 minutes 45 seconds Note: Part 2 did not record properly--will try to reshoot. Story resumes with first Vietnam deployment in Part 3. PART 3 & 4 1 hour 25 minutes PART 3 (00:00:10) First Vietnam Deployment-Tonkin Gulf �-Aboard the USS Wainwright in the Tonkin Gulf -Went to Subic Bay, Philippines in May 1967 for refuel and supply check -Got fresh groceries and their mail -Went up to the Tonkin Gulf after leaving the USS Long Beach -Got order to go “online” on June 3, 1967 -After that they were planned to go around the world and return to Charleston -Three days later those plans were voided because of the Six Day War -Station period (time spent in a part of the Gulf) was thirty to fifty days -Always at least six ships in the Tonkin Gulf -Soviet trawlers occasionally came into the Gulf -Soviets were gathering intelligence to give to the NVA -Could not engage the Soviet trawlers -Their station job was to use long range radar to keep track of friendly and hostile aircraft -Search and rescue if necessary -Keep the aircraft carriers safe from air raids -Also had 250,000 gallons of helicopter fuel for refueling -Their station was thirty miles south of the city of Haiphong -Moved in closer when bombardments part of Operation Rolling Thunder were being conducted -Worked with aircraft carriers during bombardments -Protect aircraft and protect aircraft carriers -They gathered radar information and fed it back to radar operators on board the carriers -They stayed in the Tonkin Gulf Theatre for about three hundred days (all toll) -Went stateside between cruises -1967 cruise was seven and a half months -1968 cruise was eight and a half months (00:11:33) First Vietnam Deployment-Staying in Contact -Got their news from Newsweek and Time -Knew that the papers were heavily biased -Far removed from the details of the war -Didn’t know how it was going -Any objective information about the war came from Navy newspapers -There wasn’t much news about the war though -Radar killed off long range radio contact with the outside world -Very isolated in the Gulf -Stayed entertained with movies and music (00:17:17) First Vietnam Deployment-Incidents and Daily Life -Had a helicopter crash into their superstructure -Rotor fractured and exploded and wounded a number of sailors -Came to rest on their flight deck -They stripped it of essential equipment then pushed it overboard -Other than the helicopter crash the 1967 cruise was pretty uneventful -Kept themselves busy by reading a lot (00:21:00) First Vietnam Deployment-Repairs and Leave -Went to Subic Bay for repairs -Stayed there for three weeks �-Toured around the base, but stayed out of the town -Went to Hong Kong -Locals welcomed the American money -Chinese scavenged food as their payment for painting ships -Went to Sydney, Australia as part of leave -Liked the people, didn’t like the warm beer -Stayed there for four days -Went to Wellington, New Zealand -Went to Stokes Valley and visited a friend that lived there -Stayed there for four days -Went to Tahiti -Far superior to Hawaii (00:28:02) First Vietnam Deployment-Return Voyage and Coming Home -After leave boarded the USS Wainwright and traveled across the South Pacific towards Canal Zone -Cut through the Caribbean Sea and headed up to Charleston -Arrived in Charleston on November 13, 1967 -Most sailors saved their leave for the holidays -Commanding officer left the sailors alone, didn’t expect much work out of them -Went home on Christmas leave -Got married to a girl he had been talking to prior to and during service -Brought her to Charleston and made her an official Navy wife (00:31:30) Second Vietnam Deployment-1968 Cruise -After being back for four months they had to leave for an eight and a half month deployment -Went to Pearl Harbor, then Guam for fuel -Went to Subic Bay for fuel and orders -Arrived in Vietnam in July 1968 -Went up to Da Nang Harbor for information exchange with the Marines -Returned to former operating area in the Tonkin Gulf -CBS showed up to do an interview with commanding officer (00:36:24) Second Vietnam Deployment-First Part of Being on Station -From August to September they were on station -Went to Subic Bay in mid-September -Went back to Hong Kong -Tropical storm rolled in -Had to leave twenty sailors on shore to escape the harbor -British Navy brought them up to Subic Bay -After Hong Kong went back to Subic Bay -Saw the battleship USS New Jersey in the harbor -Returned to their station in the Gulf (Yankee Station) and relieved the USS Sterett -By the end of October they were back on station -Operation Rolling Thunder ended soon thereafter -Sent to Sasebo, Japan in November (00:40:04) Second Vietnam Deployment-Second Part of Being on Station -Went back to area of operations for forty five days -Ending Operation Rolling Thunder lifted the stress on the sailors �-Went back to Subic Bay in early January 1969 -Went back across the South Pacific after that -Made the Mess Deck Master at Arms -Checked the new sailors’ hands to check for hygiene -Gave them a pep talk and a rundown of how things worked on the ship PART 3 ENDS AT 45 minutes and 12 seconds PART 4 (00:45:28) Second Vietnam Deployment-Incident at Okinawa -In October 1968 they were bound for Sasebo, Japan -Got an emergency call to go to Okinawa -Rescued civilians that were stranded onboard the SS Lindenwood Victory without a propeller -Towed them back to port at Sasebo (00:48:00) Second Vietnam Deployment-Return Cruise in Pacific -Went back to Subic Bay and then down through the Tori Straits -Waterway between Papua New Guinea and Australia -Thick fog -Took an hour to pass through -Passed behind the Great Barrier Reef -Went back to Sydney, Australia -Went to Auckland, New Zealand -Went back to Tahiti for refueling (00:50:33) Second Vietnam Deployment-Return Cruise in Caribbean -Went to the Canal Zone -Stopped at Rodman Naval Station in Panama for fuel and supplies -Allowed leave for three hours to visit the clubs -Got into the Caribbean Sea the next day -Stopped at St. Thomas -Captain’s order was to buy stuff for loved ones -Also told to buy a crate of liquor from a store called Sparky’s -Got a gallon of duty free liquor from Sparky’s (00:53:35) Return to Charleston -Got to Charleston in the late morning -Had leave orders -Wife met him in Charleston for several weeks of leave -Won the Anchor Pool -Lottery based on time of arrival in Charleston -Spent that money and leave for honeymooning -Visited wife’s family in Hamilton, Michigan -Returned to Charleston (00:56:47) Norfolk, Virginia and Operation Springboard -After a few months in Charleston the USS Wainwright was invited to Norfolk for a demonstration -May 1969 �-Went ashore and no one from shore patrol came to pick them up -Went to shore patrol headquarters and got things sorted out -Stayed in the shore patrol headquarters building -Went to Operation Springboard later in May -Marine training exercise in Puerto Rico (01:00:14) Warehouse Job in Charleston -Got attached to a supply warehouse detail -Never had to go to the ship -Inventoried everything -Putting new stuff on the shelves -Pulling old stuff off of the shelves -Put in a normal forty hour week -Job lasted for five months -Lived at home with his wife -Spent Friday nights together -Socialized with shipmates (01:04:40) End of Enlistment and Return to Michigan -Heard rumor that there would be a manpower reduction -Became official shortly thereafter -Wound up getting cut six weeks later -Some sailors had to go through refresher training -Others had to back to Vietnam including one sailor he knew -January 5 1970 was his final day of duty -Left Charleston an hour after cleaning out their apartment -Spent a night in Gatlinburg, Tennessee -Second day of travel they got caught in a snow storm north of South Bend, Indiana -Followed a truck right up to Hamilton, Michigan (01:08:25) Working after the War -Planned to take some time off -Wound up applying for job with the Heinz Company in Holland on January 11 -Went to work on the 14th as an electrician -Only got nine days of break time -Worked with the Heinz Company for seven years -Lots of veterans from WWII and Korea worked there; he was the first Vietnam vet -Worked at the Holland power plant after Heinz -Worked there until his 55th birthday -Retired after that -Got a contractor’s license after the power plant to keep him busy (01:10:52) Reunion Involvement-Pre Reunion Group -Didn’t talk about wartime experience or meet with other shipmates for a long time -Went to a picnic sponsored by the Vietnam Veterans of America -Started getting involved after that -Went to welcome home parade in Chicago for Vietnam veterans -June 1986 -200,000 Vietnam veterans showed up -Saw war buddies reunite in a hotel lounge and wanted to experience that �(01:12:34) Reunion Involvement-Formation of the USS Wainwright Reunion Group -Stopped at VFW Hall for a few beers one day after work -Talked with another veteran and decided to start his own reunion group -Started communicating with old shipmates -Planned Washington DC reunion in July 1987 -Six of them went to DC -Saw the Bicentennial Celebration of the Constitution -Largest fireworks display in history -Within two months they had eighty names -Had first reunion in Charleston in 1989 -By that time there were three hundred names on the list -Assembled roster of 3600 names spanning twenty six years of service -Reunion list now has seven hundred names on it -Went to Cincinnati in 1991 -Built an association over time -Was able to step back and compile history -Payoff was being able to see friends reunite -Wanted to be able to create a lasting legacy for the sailors (01:19:45) Reflections on Service -Navy provided him with technical training -Shaped him into the person that he is today -Fulfilled his drive to go to sea -Did an unpopular thing at an unpopular time -Camaraderie was formed because of that -Proud to be part of an honorable group of soldiers -Comfortable with being a veteran -Owns the situation, isn’t scarred by PTSD or guilt -Wants to know the stories of other Vietnam veterans -Wants to be in touch with what the ground troops endured -Attends other reunions besides the USS Wainwright reunion to stay in touch with other Vietnam vets � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carlson, John (Interview outline and video, 1 of 4), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carlson, John Description An account of the resource John Carlson is a U.S. Navy veteran that served before and during the Vietnam War first aboard the USS MacDonough (before Vietnam) and aboard the USS Wainwright during the Vietnam War and saw action in the Gulf of Tonkin during Operation Rolling Thunder. He was born in Holland, Michigan in 1943 and enlisted in the Navy in 1961. He trained at Great Lakes Naval Academy and specialized in electronics. He traveled throughout the Mediterranean Sea aboard the USS Macdonough and the Tonkin Gulf and South Pacific aboard the USS Wainwright. He then had shore duty in Charleston, South Carolina, and left the Navy in January 1970. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-10-17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CarlsonJ1325V1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f1a75d493f392e344b9d267583bec24a.m4v 5cf0ce5f0cdfd87f0aa2d2c12dbf539a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bff30363b8077ffbda9ba77dc7aa266d.pdf 039fb147e26045410937bde3d9b4943e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Oscar Carlson World War II 1 hour 26 minutes 22 seconds (00:00:44) Start of the War & Enlisting -When Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941 he realized the severity of the attack -Knew that there would be a need for soldiers -Decided to enlist in the Army -Didn't want to fight, but knew that he had to -If you enlisted there was a chance you'd get a better job -Enlisted on December 8, 1941 -A week later he got processed in Grand Rapids, Michigan -Sent by train to Fort Custer, Michigan for further processing -Stopped at every town between Grand Rapids and Fort Custer -Didn't know if he was supposed to be scared, or not -Arrived at Fort Custer around 8 PM -Made a mistake in the mess line and got yelled at (00:04:09) Early Life -Grew up in Northport, Michigan -Town located in northern Michigan near Traverse City -Grew up on a farm outside of Northport -Stayed in school through the eighth grade -Stayed in Michigan until he enlisted at the age of twenty years old -Means that he was born in either 1920, or 1921 -Worked for a farmer in the Grand Rapids area for a year and a half -Then got a job in the city of Grand Rapids -Had been working there for less than a year when Pearl Harbor happened (00:05:33) Basic Training -After a day and a half at Fort Custer he went to Camp Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas -Drill sergeant told the recruits they didn't have to work or follow orders -If they chose to do that there would be dire consequences -Learned how to live outside -Went on marches -Spent most of 1942 at Camp Robinson before moving on -Moved on to Hattiesburg, Mississippi after basic training -Most likely Camp Shelby -Linked up with National Guard troops from Maine at Camp Robinson -He was in A Company then got reassigned to M Company -Stayed in M Company for duration of the war -Marched every day -Had to learn how to march -He had trouble with it and got yelled at and made fun of it over it �-Learned how to use a rifle -Goal of basic training was to get prepared for combat -Three regiments were formed at Camp Robinson -The 103rd Infantry Regiment, 169th Infantry Regiment, and 172nd Infantry Regiment (00:10:55) Deployment to the Pacific Theatre -Sent from San Francisco to New Zealand -43rd Infantry Division left the U.S. in October 1942 -Voyage from America to New Zealand was boring and he didn't know their destination -Remembers that New Zealand was a beautiful place -Stayed there for two weeks and got to explore the island -One regiment (the 172nd) sailed to the New Hebrides -Captain sailed into the harbor without guidance; the ship hit a mine and sank -Two men died, but the rest of the men got off the ship -They lost all of their equipment though -Sent over to New Caledonia to wait until they got equipment -This would have been in November 1942 -During that time some of the worst fighting happened on Guadalcanal -Had the 172nd not lost the equipment he would have fought on Guadalcanal -There was only one settlement on New Caledonia -It was an undeveloped island -Most of the people on New Caledonia didn't speak English -Had to regularly wear mosquito netting and sleep under it too -Spent nine months there -Sailed from New Caledonia to Guadalcanal -The day they landed there Guadalcanal was declared secure -This would have been on February 17, 1943 (00:15:45) Capture of the Russell Islands -Went to the Russel Islands on February 21, 1943 Note: The following events most likely happened on Vangunu, Rendova and New Georgia. The Russell Islands were taken without opposition and the Japanese airstrip was on New Georgia -Goal was to assemble there and establish an airstrip for bombers -Japanese had a small airstrip -They routed the Japanese and two days later brought in equipment to build the airstrip -The island they were on was a coral island; the coral was excellent building material -Constantly dealt with harassment from Japanese troops -Japanese picked off soldiers at random -Officers removed their insignia to be less identifiable -He worked as a mail runner on the Russell Islands -He took part in the invasion of the Russell Islands -Remembers stiff resistance from the Japanese �(00:21:02) Liberation of Vangunu and Rendova -Moved on to Vangunu and encountered resistance there in June 1943 -Missed the landing zone -Ship hit a sandbar and they stepped off into chest high water -Lost their radio -Natives helped them without hesitation -Showed the GIs trails and how to find the Japanese -They had to cross a mountain stream -Native man tied a vine between the two shores to help the Americans -Found a path that led to a small naval outpost held by the Japanese -Officers decided to press the attack -Got down there and thought it was abandoned -Japanese started sniping at them -He was part of a group of men sent out to scout the area -Three men got shot instantly, two of them were brothers -Ordered to fall back and Oscar fell into a sinkhole -Crawled out, but his rifle was useless -He returned to camp and the sun was setting -Ordered to dig in for the night -Japanese were in the trees firing at them -A small Japanese ship arrived at night -Heavy fighting ensued -They had Marines attached to them as support units -Left the naval outpost and moved deeper into the island, running into knee deep mud -Had to use makeshift stretchers to carry the wounded -Japanese killed the men in the stretchers, but let the able-bodied men pass -Tremendously demoralizing -Stayed at their base camp for a few days -A ship was sent to collect the troops and move them to Rendova -They had no radar at Rendova which allowed Japanese aircraft to attack without warning -A bomb was dropped so close to his landing craft that he could have touched it -Neither operation made the news -They stayed at Rendova for a while -Once those islands were secured he ferried mail between the islands -They fought the Japanese while heavy equipment worked behind them to build an airstrip -Most likely on New Georgia (00:37:07) Regrouping and R&R in New Zealand -Sent back to New Zealand for R&R and to rebuild their units -This would have been in fall 1943 -They had lost half of their men -Killed, wounded, or evacuated due to combat stress -They stayed on New Zealand for about nine months -Could go into town to get food whenever they wanted -He weighed only 100 pounds when they got New Zealand, and gained 60 pounds �(00:38:47) Stationed in New Guinea Pt. 1 -In July 1944 the 43rd was sent to Aitape, New Guinea -They set up camp there and sent out patrols to keep the area secure -Dengue fever was a problem -Skin problems were prevalent -Had to bathe in the ocean to deal with the sores -Still has scars -The fighting there was minimal -Dealing with Japanese remnants and the few reinforcments they received -By August 25, 1944 the last Japanese forces had been removed from the area -Stayed in New Guinea until moving to the Philippines (00:41:49) Liberation of the Philippines Pt. 1 -Once the troops were assembled they moved up to the Philippines in early 1945 -He helped unload troops and supplies at Lingayen Gulf -There were a lot of Japanese in the Philippines -The objective was to push to a highway that connected the Lingayen Gulf area to Manila -Held off from further advances for two weeks -Fears that the Japanese would kill the American prisoners they still had -Once that fear was negated they continued their advance toward Manila -Captured Manila in February and March 1945, but did not go to Corregidor -He helped retake the water supply for Manila in May 1945 -Most likely Ipo Dam northeast of Manila -Slept during the day and moved at night to avoid detection by the Japanese (00:47:45) End of the War, Coming Home, and End of Service Pt. 1 -After the Philippines were secured they prepared for the invasion of Japan -In Manila when the first atomic bomb was dropped on Japan (August 6, 1945) -Sailed from the Philippines to Australia -Picking up war-brides and children -Women that had married U.S. troops and fathered their children -Sailed aboard a luxury liner and got served by Merchant Marines -After the atomic bombs were dropped he knew the war would end -He had malaria at the end of the war and received treatment for it -Still can't explain what he felt when the war ended and the invasion of Japan was cancelled (00:52:54) Liberation of the Philippines Pt. 2 -Advancing in the Philippines came pretty easy -Knew not to alert the Japanese to their presence -He was in Manila when General MacArthur returned -Entered with a huge motorcade -Oscar had a pretty high opinion of him -Admired what he was able to do with limited troops and resources -When he landed at the Philippines he saw only one Japanese plane -At Clark Field they discovered dozens of Japanese planes -Learned that Japan ran out of fuel -They destroyed the Japanese planes by throwing grenades into the �cockpits (00:57:53) Stationed in New Guinea Pt. 2 -Remembers the heat and humidity in New Guinea -Most men that contracted Dengue fever succumbed to it -Constantly being wet caused skin rot -They were able to cool off at night and sleep on cots -All told, spent a year in New Guinea (00:59:55) Reflections on Service -Memories of the war are still vivid seventy years later -He kept in touch with his old sergeant until the sergeant died -Only stayed in touch with him -He is glad that he went and was able to come back alive and intact -Felt an obligation to fight and stop the fascists (01:02:13) End of the War, Coming Home, and End of Service Pt. 2 -Whenever they sailed during the war there were light restrictions -There was a "smoking lamp" and when it was lit there were no light restrictions -When it was off you couldn't even light a cigarette for fear of being seen by subs -On the voyage to Australia the smoking lamp never turned off -Symbolic that the war was truly over -The men talked about going home and were eager to go back to civilian life -Men were humble and grateful to be alive -Sailed home board the SS Lurline -Took nineteen days to get back to the United States -Sailed up the West Coast and landed at San Francisco -Saw the Hollywood sign when they passed Los Angeles -The ship was listing because so many men were on the side looking at the shore -He boarded a train in San Francisco and fell asleep as soon as he sat down -Went to Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois and got thirty days of leave -Stayed with his brother -His sister and fiancee were making wedding plans -After he returned to Great Lakes Naval Station he got discharged -Went home and got married a day or two later -Based on outside sources: married on October 27, 1945 -Means that he got back to the U.S. in September 1945 (01:07:25) Life after the War -Worked for Kelvinator in Grand Rapids -Worked there for a year, or a year and a half, until he got laid off -He rented a home in Grand Rapids and his landlord was a painter -Worked for him for a while -Got hired at The Globe in Grand Rapids -Got a job at the Post Office -Started there in the late 1940s -It became his career -Worked as a clerk -Meant he had to learn the mail routes �-He worked for the Post Office until he was sixty (1980/1981) -Time in the Army counted toward his retirement -He worked for a church for ten years -Built a house that he still lives in as of 2015 -Had two sons and a daughter Interview ends at 01:14:42 (01:15:15) Photographs and Artifacts -43rd Infantry Division cap with campaign ribbons -Wedding photograph -Photo of Oscar in the Army wearing dress shirt and overseas -Headshot of Oscar while in the Army, wearing his overseas cap with regimental pin -Headshot of Oscar while in the Army -Photo of Oscar and his sister Ethel while he was home on leave -Photograph of Oscar in Army dress shirt � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_CarlsonO1783V Title A name given to the resource Carlson, Oscar (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-12 Description An account of the resource Oscar Carlson was born in 1920, or 1921 and raised in Northport, Michigan. On December 8, 1941 he enlisted in the Army in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was processed at Fort Custer, Michigan and was sent to Camp Joseph. T. Robinson, Arkansas for basic training. While at Camp Robinson he was assigned to the 43rd Infantry Division. He trained in the United States for the majority of 1942 in Arkansas and Mississippi before deploying to the Pacific Theatre in October 1942. He was stationed at New Zealand before taking part in the occupation of the Russell Islands in February 1943 the liberation of Vangunu, Rendova, and New Georgia through the summer of 1943 securing Aitape, New Guinea in July and August 1944 and the liberation of Luzon, Philippines in January-August 1945. After the war ended he returned to the United States and landed at San Francisco. He was sent to Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois and was discharged there in October 1945. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carlson, Oscar Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Childress, Jim (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/df5543efb00b350b028cb8f85031a7ed.mp4 8ef631c264794ebcfc4be8840a3a57df https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f81a4c0326b48df32f52ab069d857108.pdf b985674a533d093d2bdc46da89646ecc PDF Text Text ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW ED CARPENTER Born: Rockford, Michigan Resides: Jenison, Michigan Interviewed by: James Smither PhD, GVSU Veterans History Project, Transcribed by: Joan Raymer, November 29, 2011 Interviewer: We’re talking today with Ed Carpenter of Jenison, Michigan. Mr. Carpenter, can you start out by telling us where and when you were born? I was born in Rockford, Michigan in 1921. Interviewer: What did your family do? Pardon? Interviewer: What did your father do for a living? He was a plumber. Interviewer: Did you live in Rockford and grow up there? No, I grew up around Grand Rapids. Interviewer: Did your father have regular work during the thirties, during the depression era? He was on the WPA for a while like everybody else, you know after the depression. Interviewer: Right—did you finish high school? Did I finish high school? Interviewer: Yes No Interviewer: How long did you stay in school? The eighth grade, actually. 1 �Interviewer: What did you do after the eighth grade? I was in the plumbing business with my father for quite a few years. !:00 Interviewer: How did you wind up in the military? Well, I was in a CC [Civilian Conservation Corps] Camp for two years, and right after that my friends all went into the service. Interviewer: Why were they going into the service? I suppose they went in there just to give them something to do. Interviewer: So, this was all before the war and started, or at least before the American war had started? Pardon? Interviewer: This was before Pearl Harbor then? This is before Pearl Harbor, right? Yeah, that was all before Pearl Harbor. Interviewer: At the time you signed up, did you think that we might get into a war, or that you might get into one? No, no, at that time we were allowed to pick where we wanted to serve, so I picked Hawaii, and that‟s how that started. 1:56 Interviewer: Where did they send you for basic training? Hawaii Interviewer: You went straight to Hawaii? Yeah, I left the United States and went to California. First I went to Fort Sheridan, Illinois and then I want to Angel Island, California, and I was quarantined there for two 2 �weeks, and got my shots, and all that stuff, and then we went on to Hawaii. I had my basic training in Hawaii. Interviewer: Where did they station you in Hawaii? Where? Interviewer: Yeah, where in Hawaii? Schofield Barracks Interviewer: On Oahu? That‟s right Interviewer: Can you describe the basic training process? What did you do? We went through everything there was to go through in the service. You had all the components they had to go through, you know, and it was quite a list. I‟ve got a list of them in my stuff in my room there. 2:57 You went through all your basic stuff, you know, your military maneuvers, your marching, and your gas stuff, you know, and all that stuff. Everything they did in the service, hand to hand combat, all of that. I took seventeen weeks of it, and then when we got to the manual of arms to graduate, I graduated and got we got our certificates, and was assigned to a company. Interviewer: Did you have any problems adjusting to army life? Was it easy to make the switch? None whatsoever, and being in the CC Camps helped a lot though. Interviewer: So, you learned to follow orders and take care of yourself? It was not a problem Interviewer: What kind of weapons did they train you on? 3:59 3 �Well, I was qualified with the 0-3 rifles, and 0-6, Grand 45 automatic, Thompson Sub Machine Gun, 37mm, 45mm, I mean 75mm. Interviewer: Now, were the 37mm and the 75mm, where those anti-tank guns or all-purpose guns? The 37mm was your anti-tank weapon. The 75mm was mounted on a tank, and that was with the Sherman tanks. I was a Platoon Sergeant in a Sherman Tank outfit. Interviewer: What Company did they assign you to, or what unit did they assign you to? We were with—I was with the 767th Tank Battalion, 19th Infantry Regiment, 24th Division, and we were assigned unattached to any outfit that needed us. 5:02 When we went to Leyte, I was with the 32nd, the 7th and a whole slew of them. Interviewer: All right, so basically your division served as sort of a reserve force in the Pacific Theater, and they would send parts of it where it needed to go, or was that mostly your tank battalion that was that kind of thing? We were with the 19th and wherever the 19th went, we went. Interviewer: When did you finish basic training? Pardon? Interviewer: Do you remember when you finished basic training? What time of year? Let‟s see—I got over there in July, and I think it was October. Interviewer: OK October, about three months, seventeen weeks 4 �Interviewer: What was it like living in Hawaii then, before the war started? Did you like it out there? Oh, it—I loved it out there. Yeah, that was a good place. It was native, a lot of it, you know. 6:00 Now it‟s all commercial. Interviewer: Right I was there when you couldn‟t drive all over the mountains, you had to walk, and we got to see a lot of stuff there. Interviewer: You saw that when you were out on marches? Yeah, training and stuff like that. Interviewer: What could you do for fun out there? Well, the only fun we had was—we had our own gym, you know, and a bowling alley, and a theater, and stuff like that, on the base, and the army PX‟s, you know, but after that it was Hawaii, going to Honolulu, and you were pretty well restricted on a lot of stuff too, you know. There were places in Honolulu that you could go to. I use to go to just outside Schofield Barracks a lot, and they use to have a drive-in up there that was real nice for GI‟s, for everybody really, but you could get a steak there for a dollar, and you couldn‟t eat the whole thing. 7:13 I‟ll tell you, it was nice though, and I don‟t have no complaints about Hawaii. Interviewer: All right, now, can you describe what happened, or what you experienced on December 7th, 1941? I was on KP for one thing, and I want outside to smoke a cigarette, so I went outside, and I heard this noise, banging, you know, bombs, and it was in Pearl Harbor, but we were thirty-six miles north of Pearl Harbor. Anyway, the planes started coming through and 5 �they started coming through over our outfit, and I was outside there, and this one Jap plane came in and he strafed me, but he missed me. 8:03 They strafed all the barracks and all the hospital was right behind us and they strafed that too. They dropped a bomb through our barracks, and it went right through my footlocker, and it never went off, it was a dud. I lost everything I owned, civilian stuff, everything. I had gabardine suits I had made, you know, tailor-made, I had all that stuff, and I didn‟t have anything left. Interviewer: If the bomb didn’t blow-up? It was a dud Interviewer: Did it still damage your stuff? Oh yeah Interviewer: Because A big bomb lands right on your footlocker. It went through the roof and right on down through. Interviewer: So, there was not much left anyway. Did you find a place to take cover when the—or did you just kind of watch them go through or--when the planes were coming over did you take cover somewhere? Well, I was looking up to see what the hell was going on first and I said, “they aren‟t our planes”, and I saw the yellow rising sun on them, you know, so I just hollered that they were not our planes, and by that time they got the word and the sirens went off, and everybody got ready to get together, you know. 9:19 We had to get our rifles and stuff, and everything was locked up, the ammunition was locked up, and we were going around like a bunch of chickens with our heads cut off. We got all organized and we got orders to go up in the mountains, and they said we were going to defend the island to the last man, so we went up in the mountains and dug in. I was up on a ridge, it‟s the highest 6 �point in Hawaii, and you could see the whole island, and our job was to notify whatever went on, but the Japs never landed. Interviewer: Nope It was a good thing too, because they would have wiped us out. Interviewer: We were not really ready for a war yet; so, how long did the attack itself last? How long were there planes over your base do you think? I would say it probably lasted over our area, maybe five or ten minutes. I don‟t know how long it lasted at Pearl Harbor, but it was quite a while because they—we had a few planes get up there though. 10:24 They had a couple of bases or airstrips here and there that they didn‟t know about, and we had a few of the guys get up and take out a few of the Jap planes, but they got taken out too. Interviewer: How long did you stay up in the hills after the attack? You said you were up there on lookout, how long did you stay up there? There you got me, I don‟t really know, I don‟t remember. Interviewer: Once things quieted down a little bit, did you get down to Pearl Harbor, so you could take a look at it? Oh yeah, we were on special assignments all the time and we had to go down and keep— we went down into Honolulu to get rid of the Japanese that were on the island, and we stopped everybody that was Japanese descent, and if they had any GI clothes on we stripped them right then and there. 11:31 Then they got picked up and sent to California or wherever. Interviewer: Actually a lot of the Japanese stayed in Hawaii, they didn’t intern the Japanese there. They probably interned some of them. 7 �You see the Japanese--the United States was so damn mad they picked up everybody they could get a hold of, and I guess that‟s why they paid them twenty thousand dollars apiece afterward. Interviewer: What was it like then just being based on Hawaii during 1942? What were you thinking was going to happen? We didn‟t know, we just couldn‟t really write home, and we didn‟t get any mail, and all we were doing was training all the time. 12:24 Organizing, and organizing, they would jump from— like I just got trained in 37mms, anti tank weapons, and then we got transferred into a tanks outfit. We had three different tanks we were training with them and we ended up with the Sherman‟s. That tank [the first one, the Stuart] was a real light tank, the old fashioned tanks, and then we went to a Grant, which had two guns on it, a 37mm and a 75mm, and then we went to the Sherman and that‟s the one we ended up with. Interviewer: Now do you remember when you got the Shermans? Was it still in 1942, or was it later than that? I remember alright, our company commander called us in, us sergeants in, and handed us a box full of pamphlets, you know, books, and it was on the Sherman Tank, and it had everything in it, all it‟s components and everything else. 13:30 We never had seen a Sherman Tank, we didn‟t even know what one looked like. Well we got them all in and everything was in Cosmoline, so we had to clean them all up, you know. Then we had to instruct our troops on the dumb things, so we had to pick out the men we wanted for drivers and so on and so forth, you know. We had a gunner, and a driver, and an assistant driver, and a loader, and two tank commanders. 8 �Interviewer: So you had a five-man crew? Yeah, so we got that all straightened out, we started training and we said we had three months to get ready, so in three months we were just like experts on it. We went together on it, and if you were a sergeant it didn‟t mean a damn thing, what it meant was, you were in charge, but the other guys there, they knew as much as you did, so we got together, we got our heads together and that‟s the way we operated. 14:31 We only pulled rank when we had to, but everybody did what they were supposed to do. Interviewer: How many tanks do you think you had in your battalion? How many tanks did your unit have? How many did we have? By company? Interviewer: No, how many tanks in your unit? There were five tanks in a platoon. Interviewer: And you had a full battalion? Yeah, we got three platoons in a company. Interviewer: Was there just one company or were there three companies? Three companies, A, B, and C Interviewer: So, in principle, forty-five tanks to start with? Right Interviewer: What did you think of the tanks, just as a machine to drive in, was it better or worse than a Grant or a Stuart, or anything like that? Just to be driving and trying to use. Did you like the Sherman better? Oh, I loved the Sherman Tank, yeah, but see, we didn‟t have any of those other ones that came out later like the Patton and all of them. 15:33 They were all in Europe. The 9 �tanks were limited in the South Pacific in what they could do, and it was the terrain. We had some rough terrain, man, I‟ll tell you; I don‟t know how we made it, and those mountains, I‟ll tell you—that was something else. Interviewer: In this period while you were training, were you following the news of the war? Were you paying attention to what was happening on in the Solomons, or New Guinea, or things like that? Were you keeping track of the war and wondering when you were going to go in? While I was in the service? Interviewer: You’re spending 1942 mostly in Hawaii, and you’re training in the tanks, and that kind of thing. In 1942 [1943?] we went to Kwajalein. 16:20 Interviewer: Tell us about that, how did they get you over to Kwajalein? By ship Interviewer: What kind of a ship were you on? LSD, landing ship dock Interviewer: So, how was that ship set-up? Loaded on a LCM, they loaded our tanks on an LCM, and they floated the LCM‟s out to the LSD, the LSD dropped her tailgate and they loaded it with five foot of water. We drove the LCM‟s in there. Interviewer: So, you’re actually taking the small landing craft, which holds one tank and a few men, and just sailing it into the stern of the ship? We got all these into the ship, they got them in there and pumped the water out and chained the LCM‟s down. Then we shut the gate up, the water was gone and away we 10 �went. We could go wherever we were going to go. 17:18 We got over to Kwajalein they dropped the tailgate, put the five foot of water in there and we floated out, rendezvoused, and got ready to hit the beach. When the shelling stopped we hit the beach. W e lost one tank in a shell hole, and it went in nose first, just like this, but we got the crew out. As far as I know it‟s still setting there. Anyway, it was an easy operation as far as we were concerned, because we wiped them out in nothing flat. It was just a small island, a couple miles long, and I forget how big it was. Interviewer: It didn’t have the kind of defenses on it that Tarawa did or some of these other places? No, it‟s a flatter island, it doesn‟t have mountains in it at all, and it‟s just a flat island. Interviewer: So is Tarawa, but they were better dug in there, but this was smaller still. 18:20 Tarawa was--the trouble was, the people don‟t know all of this either that, half of these islands that the Marines were supposed to have taken, they didn‟t actually take them, the army took them, but they never got the credit for anything because we didn‟t have the news media. Everything that went on was the marines, marines, and marines all the time. I don‟t have anything against them, they‟re nice guys and I had three buddies in the marines, in fact I went to Pendleton and I saw my buddy over there. It‟s just that—we had a guy that, on one of the island, a marine General, “Howlin Mad Smith”, they called him, and the marines and the army was over on Saipan, and the army took the center, the hills, so the marines took the flanks. 19:21 Well, the marines got around, and we got up there and we wiped them out. Here they are up there and they weren‟t even supposed to be there. We wiped them out damn near, you know. Well, “Howlin Mad Smith” 11 �complained about the army not doing their job, so Roosevelt fired “Howlin Mad Smith” from the Marine Corps, and replaced him, and that was never publicized. Interviewer: Let’s go back to the Kwajalein operation. The Kwajalein, was that just an army operation? Marines in the Marshall islands, there was Kwajalein, Eniwetok was one, was one and Majuro was one. Interviewer: But when you went into Kwajalein was that just the army or were there Marine? All army, another island had marines, but we had Eniwetok the next island over and that‟s where they tested all of their atomic stuff. 20:33 Interviewer: later on, and I think they tested some of that on Kwajalein too. Now ere you guys in the first wave at Kwajalein? Did they land the tanks first or did you come in after the infantry? No, I think we were in about the second wave. Interviewer: Did the Japanese on Kwajalein have anti tank guns or anything they could shoot at you? They had some small tanks, real light tanks. In fact, I never encountered any of them. The only ones I saw were when they were trying to repair them. Interviewer: Did you have targets to fire on there? Did your tanks do anything or did they just kind of drive up onto the beach? When you were on Kwajalein did you get in any actual fighting, or did the foot soldiers do that? Oh yeah, we had to knock out pillboxes and machine gun nests and snipers, and stuff like that, you know. 21:31 12 �Interviewer: How did you—were you able to communicate with the foot soldiers? How did you know what to shoot at? Did you just look around? In the back of the tank you have a telephone. We had this colonel come on our tank, my tank, and he wanted me to knock out this big cement abutment, and they had three hundred and fifty people in it, and they wouldn‟t come out. He wanted me to poke a hole in it, so they could put some satchel charges in there, and I thought to myself, “what the hell do you want to murder three hundred and fifty people for when all you have to do is sit here. They will have to come out or die right there”, so I poked a hole in it all right, but I don‟t know if they ever blew it up or not. 22:25 Interviewer: Did you have ordinary foot soldiers call you up on your phone on the back of your tank? Most of them were officers, or sergeants, somebody that was in command of an operation, you know. Interviewer: Once you guys took the island, how long did you stay there? Did they move you out again right away? We didn‟t stay there very long, just a few days. Interviewer: Did you go back to Hawaii from there? Back to Hawaii to retrain and regroup and get ready for Leyte Island. We were supposed to hit Truk Island, but they changed it. Interviewer: We only bombed that, but it didn’t get hit. Now, lets see Kwajalein— did you go anywhere in 1943? 43, 43, let me see 23:23 Interviewer: Well, Kwajalein might have been 1943, and not 42. 13 �Kwajalein was right after Guadalcanal Interviewer: Guadalcanal finished up pretty much in February of 1943, and Kwajalein was after that. We were in there before that because we went to Leyte in 1944. Interviewer: That’s in the fall of 1944 October 20th 1944 is when we landed. We landed in the first wave there, in fact the tanks landed before the infantry. I have a picture of my tanks lined up on the beach. Interviewer: All right, now when you landed there at Leyte, were you under fire at that point, or were the Japanese somewhere else? The Japanese had pulled back. Interviewer: Were they shooting artillery at you or just letting you come on? They didn‟t hit us until we got clear up past a little town around Leyte, and on the way to Tacloban, and we were on our way to Tacloban, when we started getting heavy fire. 24:29 Well then we moved to a Ormoc Bay, which was on the other side of the island, and we pushed the Japs off of there and we got there and we got word that the Japanese had fifty thousand troops coming in to reinforce them. Well, the air force went out, the Army Air Force, the Army Air Corps then, went in and knocked them out in the water, so that‟s what they told us. Interviewer: Well, there were still quite a few Japanese on that island. Now, when you were landing there did you have to take the tanks through jungle or was it more open country that you were in? I was in the jungles quite a bit. Interviewer: How do you take a tank through the jungle? 14 �We had a hell of a time there, because we were supposed to have infantry troops with us, you know, and we didn‟t have any. Here we were going through there by ourselves. I thought it was kind of stupid, you know. Interviewer: Dangerous 25:22 I don‟t know how anybody could stick up on the top, well one guy did get up on my tank, and my guy behind me, we were supposed to work in pairs to protect each other. So, a guy got on my tank, an officer, and he started chopping at my tank with a saber, you know a Samurai, so a guy on the radio tells me not to open my hatch because I got company. He said, “we‟ll take care of him”, and I heard bullets hitting my tank, and they got him with a machine gun. He fell in my air intake on my turret intake, so I had to get out of there and knock him off of there, so some of the stuff like that, they could have-Interviewer: Do you know how far away the infantry was? Do you know how far away the foot soldiers were at that point? Their soldiers? Interviewer: No, your soldiers, the infantry you were supposed have with you. They were behind us, but I don‟t know how far. Interviewer: Was there a trail in the jungle you were following, so you went single file or what? No we just followed by compass. 26:21 We had to pick our way because of the terrain. We weren‟t like a foot soldier, they go out through the swamps, but we couldn‟t do that. Interviewer: Now, did you get tanks stuck in the jungle? We got one, and it was mine. I came up on this flat plateau, and we couldn‟t see where we were going because it was all covered with brush. We started to torch it and all of a 15 �sudden the damn tracks started to spin. Well, I opened up the hatch and got out and I looked down and there I was, stuck. Well, then the damn mortars started coming in, and a mortar shell hit behind me, back of the tank and it blew me off the tank, and I got shrapnel in the back of my head and stuff, you know, but that didn‟t stop me. It wasn‟t that bad, so somebody came out of this area on this plateau and I shot this guy, and I asked the gunner for my Thompson sub-machine gun, and he gave me that. 27:38 I had fifty rounds in there and I got seven more, and then I had my man on the other tank come up and help me get out. So, I could pull myself out, you know, and we got out of there. then a Jap tank came up the side of the ridge, just beyond it, and my gunner said, “enemy tank ahead”, and I said, “Are you sure it‟s the enemy?” I give the orders what to shoot, and he shot and hit it the first thing and blew it all to smithereens, because they were light tanks. 28:21 Interviewer: Yeah, the Japanese didn’t have very good tanks at all. They didn‟t have very good equipment, tanks, they just had manpower. We would kill ten of them to our one every damn time. I don‟t know how they kept getting all these men. Interviewer: Eventually they ran out I‟ll tell you, there was another bad one too because of the terrain, and we got the unit citation over there too while I was there from President Marcos, and we got one from our country. Interviewer: Marcus was the president during the 60’s and 70’s, so Quezon was president then. Marcos was a guerilla, that‟s when I met him he was a guerilla. 16 �Interviewer: What Island was he on? Was he on Leyte? He was on Leyte, and his wife was from Leyte. I met a platoon of Philippine Guerillas, and I was around Leyte, it was a Sunday, we had things pretty well under control, so we were just out walking around, monkeying around, and we see this platoon come in this town. Well, they give their order, halt the platoon, left face, she gave another order, and they had bags on their shoulders, burlap bags, so they picked the bags up and threw them like that, well, I thought they were bowling balls or coconuts, but they were Japanese heads. They had gone out and beheaded the Japanese, and this platoon leader was a girl. 30:22 I was told that the government paid the guerilla, or they paid the guerillas, twenty dollars a head for the Japanese, and whether that‟s true or not, I don‟t know. Interviewer: But it’s still kind of a striking sight, and not something you would have expected. I don‟t know if the government would do that, but you know-Interviewer: It’s hard to tell. Now, did you see much of the native population there on Leyte? Oh yeah Interviewer: How did they get along with the Americans? Good, and we were well treated there. Interviewer: Aside from these guerillas, were there other Filipino soldiers? Were there other units that served with you? No, just the guerillas Interviewer: Just the guerillas at that point. We just ran into the guerillas, we didn‟t run into any troops. 17 �Interviewer: Now, did you—after that first action you had at Ormoc Bay, did your unit go further into the jungle and continue fighting, or did you move out? 31:26 When we got to Ormoc Bay we stopped right there, that was the end of the island, and we had the island taken then. Then we went on over to Mindanao, the next island. Interviewer: What happened there? Well, that‟s where we ran into a lot of trouble, over there. Interviewer: That was the Villa Verde Trail and that kind of thing? There were more troops on there and stuff. Interviewer: Do you know about when that was? Was it in early 1945 at that point? Let‟s see, October Interviewer: October is Leyte November, December—see, I left there in January and went to New Guinea in January, to I Corps, and then I went to the United States and I was assigned to Fort Ord, California as a drill sergeant. 32:27 I was there for about two or three months, and I got orders to go back to the South Pacific. I had an appendicitis attack, and they operated on me, and while I was in the hospital I got my orders rescinded and they set me up for a reenlist. I was up for a commission in the field, you know, in the South Pacific, but I wouldn‟t take it because they wouldn‟t let me come back to my outfit. They wouldn‟t reassign me to my outfit, and I told them that if I couldn‟t come back there as a Lieutenant, I don‟t want to come back. I said, “I‟m here as a Platoon Sergeant, why not a Lieutenant?” He said, “there‟s a difference”, and I could see there was too. 33:25 Once you get those bars on you, their attitude toward you changes. 18 �Interviewer: You had mentioned earlier that you were once on Peleliu? You were also on Peleliu, right? Well yeah, on the island, yeah, and the 38th was over there too. Interviewer: That’s another regiment from your division? Yeah Interviewer: Can you tell us about that? What sis you do there? What did you see there? I didn‟t do anything there myself. I went over there to visit, see I hitch hiked from Leyte to Peleliu. I went to the airstrip and saw his plane, and I asked this captain if anybody was going to Peleliu, and he said, “yes, but I can‟t take anybody, it‟s against regulations”. I knew that, I was AWOL, see, so I got—he said, “that‟s my plane over there”, so I got on the plane, and we went over to Peleliu. 34:34 I went over there and I asked some guys about the 1st Marine division, and this guy I knew, and they showed. Me where it was, and I went over there and saw him. He started crying and said, “I wondered when the hell you guys were going to get here”, and raw, raw, raw, you know, and I said, “Well, we‟re just over here to visit, we got Leyte taken care of so”. Interviewer: Was the fighting still going on then? Were they still fighting on Peleliu at that point? Sporadically, you know, mop up stuff, there‟s always that. Hell, they had a guy on the Admiralty Islands; the Japanese were there twenty-seven years after the war. They didn‟t even know the war was over yet, and they finally got him. 35:27 Interviewer: Did you also go to the Admiralties? 19 �I went there as, not as a fighting unit, we went there as a staging, getting ready to hit Leyte. We were supposed to go to the Truk Islands, see, but they stopped that. Truk Island was the highest fortified island in the Pacific, and it was a big naval base, but they bypassed it and hit Leyte instead, which is a good thing. Interviewer: A lot of those Japanese bases, once we knocked out the airstrips and got air superiority, it didn’t do them any good. They couldn’t do anything with Truk at that point. You know, just like Okinawa that was one son of a gun over there that was something else. Interviewer: You didn’t go to Okinawa? You didn’t have to go to Okinawa yourself though? No, I didn‟t fight there, but my outfit did. The report I got back—when they were taking that island the suicide rate over there for natives alone was astronomical. 36:34 They had suicide cliff there, you know. Interviewer: They had one of those at Saipan too. Oh man Interviewer: Now, when you took that trip over to Peleliu, what happened to you when you got back? Not a thing, they never even knew I was gone. Interviewer: They never knew you were gone, ok. I cheated, the idea was he had to go over there and come right back, so I probably didn‟t visit over an hour, and I was right back on the plane. That wasn‟t the first time. I went out on a damn sub patrol with him on B-24‟s. Went to the airstrip, asked the captain if I 20 �could take a ride, and he said, “Yeah, we‟re going on a patrol”, so he let me in there, an that was the most monotonous ride I ever had. Three feet above the water and here you are going just so many degrees this way and so many degrees that way, and back, and that was it. 37:29 Interviewer: How long were you out? I don‟t remember, a couple of hours, maybe three hours. They never knew I was gone there either. Interviewer: Did you have any other adventures like that? Did you sneak out anywhere else? No, there was only one other thing that happened that I could never figure out, and I haven‟t done it to this day. I was out there training my men on tank tactics, and this captain came up to me, and he wanted to talk to me, so he took me aside and he said, “How would you like to do something for your country?” I said, „Well, I‟m doing about all I can do, as far as I know”, and he said, “well, I got something I want you to do”. 38:21 “What‟s that?” Well, there‟s talk about this Lieutenant Nakamura, a Japanese officer, and he was in the United States and went through college, and went back to Japan to visit his folks. He got back to Japan; they grabbed his ass, and put him in the Japanese Army. He had two sisters on Hilo, on the big island., so they wanted me to go over there, get acquainted with those two sisters, and find out where he was, because they lost track of him. So here I am—and these women were barbers, and they only had women barbers over there, so I went to the barbershop, got a haircut, shave, shampoo, all this crap, and I got acquainted with them, you know. I got a picture of her here someplace. 39:22 I said, “Do you mind if I walk you home/” “me like, me like”, and I said, “alright‟, so we 21 �went down by the park, you know, and they had bomb shelters in the park, and we went around them, and we walked around. You see all the ships going by, so she was asking me about these ship, which ones was—I said, “I don‟t know anything about ships, I‟m not in the navy, and I don‟t know about ships”. I knew what some of them were, because some of them were heavy leaded and sunk in the water, and about ready to sink. Anyway, I got acquainted with her, and one night I took her home. She lived above a store, and the store was not operating anymore, and everything was blackout, you couldn‟t have any lights at night, you know, and to get upstairs we had to go to the back, the back of the store. 40:22 There was an outside stairway, and we get up there and she takes my shoes of, because that‟s there custom, and I bend down, I was going to do something with my shoes, and they had a window in the back door and I could see straight through the house. The moonshine was shining through the front window, and I see a shadow go by, so I asked her if she had anybody living there with her, “no”, and if she was all alone? “Yeah”, well, I had my 45 stuck in my shirt, and I wasn‟t supposed to have my 45 with me, I was supposed to go unarmed, see. Well, I pulled it out and I loaded it, and I let go right through the front of the house, and all of a sudden all the damn area lit up like a Christmas tree. These damn big spotlights, and the MP‟s came in there and surrounded the house, dragged my ass, took me back down to the airstrip, they had my bags already on the airplane, and they threw my ass on the airplane and back to Honolulu I went. 41:41 Back to my base, so I get back there, and I get into my bunk, I had my bunk and my own private room, and there‟s a letter on my bunk, so I opened it up and there‟s a picture of this Lieutenant Nakamura and three other guys, but it was from California at the concentration camp they had there. They had done something to them 22 �for inciting a riot or something. So, to this day I don‟t know what in the hell I was doing over there when they had him in California. Here I am looking for him in Hawaii, and what in the hell am I doing over there in the first place? They had me doing something that I didn‟t know anything about, and I didn‟t have nobody to contact, but this captain. Later on I go and check and there‟s not even a captain by that name in our damn outfit. 42.44 Interviewer: Did anything else happen to you? So, I get a hold of my company commander, he‟s still alive down in South Carolina, I get a hold of him and I said, “Captain, do you remember me, when was gone for ten days playing around in Hawaii, to Hilo?” “No”, and I said, “You‟re the company commander and you didn‟t know I was gone for ten days?” “No”, well, somebody‟s full of bull, you know, and to this day I don‟t know. It drives me nuts trying to figure out why they sent me over there to start with. It had to be something I was doing that I didn‟t know about, but I didn‟t have a contact and that‟s what got me too. If I‟d of got caught, I would have been—shit. Interviewer: As it was, they caught you after you fired the gun, right? Didn’t they just pack you back off to— What? Interviewer: Didn’t they catch you after you fired the gun? No, they didn‟t do anything Interviewer: The lights came on, but nobody came into the building or anything like that? 43:47 No 23 �Interviewer: Ok I didn‟t hear a damn thing about it afterwards, nothing, and I don‟t even know what the hell went on. It happened so damn fast that it—he told me—I had to destroy that letter right away, that picture and everything. I had to destroy it right away, after I read it, and I wish that I‟d kept it, but I didn‟t. I was following orders, you know. Interviewer: Right, but the fact is, they didn’t notice you were gone, they didn’t punish you, they decided they didn’t notice you were gone so— Right, I had a nephew that was in the navy, a jet pilot, and I had this nephew, my nieces husband, he‟s in the marines, and these other two buddies of mine are marines, and a couple other buddies in the army, one got killed, accidental, put a damn machine gun up on the back of a truck while it was loaded yet, and it went off. 44:49 Somebody got his ass in a sling over that I‟ll bet ya. They had no clearing blocks in there, you know. I had another thing happen too that I got away with, in a way. We were loading on Hawaii there to go to Leyte, the Philippines, and a marine came up with a Jeep, he came up to the supply house, he got out of the Jeep, left it running, and he went inside. So, I told a couple of my men, I said, “grab that damn Jeep and bring it over here”, so they drove the Jeep over by the dock, and I had the crane operator load it on our ship. 45:40 They loaded it on our ship, and I told my buddy, he was in the maintenance department there, ordinance, I said, “put our colors on that and put our insignias on that”, and he said, “Where did you get that?” I said, “never mind, get that thing painted up”. We did see the major come out of the building, and mad, he was so damn mad, he was looking all over that place—he didn‟t know what the hell happened. I seen guys pointing here and there 24 �and he was looking here and there, and we got that damn thing clear over to the Philippines. I got a hold of another—a 1939 Cadillac. Interviewer: Where was that? A black one, and this was on Leyte, right near Tacloban, and it was full of bullet holes, so we yanked it out of there with a tank, took it back and had them fix it all up, and we were going to use that as our car to go play around in. 46:42 Well shit, the MP‟s come along and they confiscated that too. Every vehicle we could find—we‟d pull it out of a ditch or take it out of a swamp, pull it out and take it back to our outfit, get it all cleaned up, fixed up, and we were going to use them, and they would take them away from us every time. Interviewer: Did you have the same crew with you the whole time? The guys in your tank, did they stay the same people? Yeah, and one thing about the war, I never lost a man in the war. One guy got his leg cut off, and that was due to an accident. We fell off a cliff, and I got the guys out, and his leg was cut off by the gun. It came down and it was in a traveling lock position, well the rod broke and it came down and hit his knee and cut it off. We got him out of there, but we had to send a rope basket down to get him up because it was a hundred feet down. 47:43 Interviewer: Now, did the tank go off the cliff? Yeah, it fell right off. Interviewer: It fell a hundred feet down? Yeah, it lit right side up too. Smashed all the bogie wheels on it too, the tracks and all that stuff—it‟s a wonder it didn‟t kill us all. That‟s where I was supposed to have got the Bronze Star, for getting them guys out. I don‟t give a shit about no Bronze Star, I got them out, that‟s necessary. 25 �Interviewer: Did you keep in touch with any of those guys from your crew after the war? I had one guy, two guys, but they weren‟t in my outfit. They were to start with, but I got rid of them because they both were a bunch of duds, you know. One of them ended up as a Master Sergeant in the air force in computers, and here he couldn‟t make PFC in our outfit, and in the air force he made Master Sergeant, and he did a good job. 48:42 The other guy, he‟s over in Annapolis, and I don‟t know about him. Everything was about him, him, him, you know. He had 8x10 pictures made of everything he did, and he was patting himself on the back all the time. He called himself “Sergeant”, and hell, he wasn‟t a sergeant, you know. I had a whole damn bunch of pictures I sent to him, and he wanted copies of them, so I sent him the pictures, and I told him to send them back. He sent them back, but he didn‟t put my name on them. He put the address, but he didn‟t put my name, and the damn post office wouldn‟t deliver them, so I called Washington, where he mailed them from, and they wouldn‟t do a damn thing about it. I never did get them pictures. I never got them, and they were in a box about like a check box. 49:50 They had pictures of it with the address, but they didn‟t have the name. Why in the hell couldn‟t they deliver them? Interviewer: I don’t know, they send things to occupant all the time. Shit, all they had to do was mail them to the damn address. I called everybody I could call. I called the postmaster over there, I got a hold of him too, and I told him I wanted them pictures. I lost enough shit during the war like that. Coming back home I got to San Francisco, I had my Samurai sword, I had my 45, a bunch of pictures, which were not supposed to have been taken, I took them through the turret of the tank, hand to hand 26 �combat stuff, and this major sat there, he had a 45 setting on the table right beside him. When we got off the ship we had to unload our duffle bags, so he could see what was in them. 50:53 He said, “ok, we‟ll tag this one and ship it to you, we‟ll tag that and ship it to you”. They wanted to check for cigarettes because you could get cigarettes for five cents a carton, I guess it was five cents a carton or something like that. Anyway, you were only allowed one carton, and it went on like that and I never got that stuff, none of it. I got a book in there that Colliers magazine put out years ago and my pictures are in there, but how in the hell could I prove that they‟re mine, I can‟t. I know they‟re mine, and I didn‟t have them developed, see, I had the picture, but I didn‟t have them developed yet. Well, they must have developed them. Interviewer: You had people in some of these supply services and things like that, that were pretty good at making things disappear. 51:50 The major, he was the one that made money off of that stuff. Interviewer: Entirely possible, either that or he handed it off to somebody else and somebody else sells it off. I didn‟t have a damn leg to stand on because he‟s a major and I‟m a sergeant. How the hell am I going to tell him what to do? Interviewer: Yup, and even if you did there wouldn’t be any way to show that it was he that did it rather than somebody else. That’s too bad. That sword was worth a lot of money because it belonged to a general too. Interviewer: How did you get it? How did I get it? From a general after he was killed. Interviewer: How did that come about? 27 �Well, we went—we were on this island and I don‟t remember if it was Leyte or where it was now, but anyway, there was a battle and all the Japs were dead. We got outside and made sure they were all dead, checked them out, you know. Well, I saw the sword there and I took the sword and put it in the tank and stuff. 52:57 I had a Hari-Kari [hara kiri] knife too that they used to commit suicide with. Interviewer: How could you tell he was a general? Well, he had—the generals had—all the big shots had the samurai swords with all jeweled handles, and this was jewel handled. They had a certain handle they used for each general. The higher the rank, the bigger the jewels, or the good ones, or whatever you want to call them. Then he had his uniform, and of course I didn‟t know what the hell his rank was at first because I didn‟t know their ranks, but somebody else told me that was a general, so I assumed it was a general. 53:47 The sword, the samurai, coincided with everything else. Interviewer: Now, when it’s all over, you get out, come back to Michigan, was that—did you come back to Michigan after you were out of the service, or did you go somewhere else? When I got out of the service I came back to Grand Rapids. I went from San Francisco to Fort Sheridan, Illinois. I was sent home for a delay in route for R&R in Florida, and I came home first, I stayed home for twenty days, that‟s all I got, and I got married while I was home, on March 31st, and my wife, I was going with her when I went in the service. I was sent on R&R to Florida, and I didn‟t know I could take my wife with me, so didn‟t. 55:06 I get over there, and I could have taken her for a dollar a day. Well, they didn‟t tell me until it was time for me to go back home. Then I got orders to go to Fort Ord in 28 �California, so what did I do? I got a hold of this officer in charge, and asked for a delay in route, and he asked my why, and I said, “I want to buy a farm when I get—on the way home, so he said, “Ok”, and they gave me a ten day delay in route. I got the orders to go out to California, you know—well, I had the orders already, and my wife wanted to go with me out there, and I said, “no, I‟m not going to take you down there, because I don‟t know what the hell‟s going on when I get there”. 55:52 “Where are you going to live? I don‟t have a place for you to live or anything else”, so I didn‟t. Well, if I would have told them about it ahead of time they could have had that set up, but they don‟t tell you anything, you know, so anyway, I got back down there, and my wife had been in California, and she worked as a telephone operator in California near Fort Ord. Her cousin was stationed at Fort Ord, and she went down there to see her husband and my wife went with her and she got a job. I could have gone down there, and she knew more about Fort Ord than I did really, so she never got to go there either, but it worked out alright I guess. 56:45 Interviewer: Did you buy your farm? No, I didn‟t intend to buy a farm. Interviewer: That was just a good story? I just told them that. Interviewer: Did you go back into the plumbing business, or did you do something else? No, I got home and started in the plumbing business, but you couldn‟t by soil pipe, you couldn‟t buy anything hardly at all, so I went to work for, I think it was General Motors Plant 1 for a while, and then from there I went to Kelvinator, Blackmere Pump, 29 �Production Die Cast, and I couldn‟t handle there jackass foremen and stuff in these plants. I had it out with every one of them except General Motors. 57:43 In 1952 I started back in plumbing with my dad and my brother, and that thing fizzled out, so I went back to General Motors, and I spent thirty and a half years there, and I stayed in the plumbing business too. I did a lot of plumbing on my own then, and I did a lot of houses in Grand Rapids, and all over really. Interviewer: I believe it, and when you look back on the whole thing now, how do you think your time in the service affected you? Do you think your time in the army made you different from what you were before, made you grow up at all? Oh yeah, I went from a snot nosed eighteen year old to a seventy-five year old man in five years. 58:40 Here I am trying to lead a bunch of kids and I‟m only a kid myself. We were all about the same age, a couple were a little older, but we were all about the same age. Interviewer: In the South Pacific it was kind of hard to be much older. They didn’t want a lot of older guys out in the jungle and that kind of thing. They didn’t think they could take it. The younger guys were fodder. Interviewer: It was that too They were the only ones that could take it, and when you go through that damn basic training—I‟ll tell you that aint nothing fun, and I don‟t know if you ever did it or not. Interviewer: Certainly not 30 �Man, that‟s something else, and they really pour it on too. You don‟t have one sergeant on your ass at a time, you got two or three of them, and you have them all hollering at you at once. 59:51 Interviewer: Now when you were a drill sergeant, did you do that too? Yeah, I had to do the same thing, just about. I had one sergeant that I chased across the drill field with a bayonet. We were doing a manual of arms, getting ready for graduation, I missed on a count and he said, “you ---eating son of a bitch”, that‟s just what he said, and I said, “nobody calls me a son of a bitch and gets away with it”, and I pulled down on him with my bayonet, and that‟s when we had all chrome plated bayonet‟s yet. I was chasing his ass across the 800 yard drill field, and I damn near caught up with him when this lieutenant came up, Lieutenant Yearman was his name, he came up in his Jeep and the driver pulled in between me and the sergeant, and the sergeant jumped in the Jeep and they took off. Here I am standing out in the middle of the field by myself. The next thing I knew, here came some damn MP‟s, and they grab my hind end and take me back to the regiment. So, I get back to the regiment and I had to go up to the colonel, Colonel Sullivan. 1:10 Interviewer: So, you were on the drill field here in Hawaii, chasing after the sergeant, the Lieutenant saved him, the MP’s came and took you, and then what happened? I went before the colonel, Colonel Sullivan was his name, and he asked me what happened, and I told him. I stood at attention for an hour from him and he was chewing me up one side and down the other, you know. He asked me what happened and I told him, and he called the sergeant and he busted him down to a private. He got his rank 31 �back in thirty days, but anyway, Sergeant White was his name, and I‟ll never forget it, but I never got anything out of it, and I graduated and everything else. Interviewer: Are there other things that stick in your mind or that you remember, whether it was in Hawaii or the islands? 2:10 A couple other things, when I was on guard duty one night, we got in this here, it was like a mine in the side of a mountain. It was all built out of concrete, and it was all lighted up and everything else. I couldn‟t tell you where the hell it was at, it was on Oahu, but I don‟t know where, up in the hill, in the mountains. I was on guard duty there, and it was where the Hawaiian headquarter was going to be moved in case the Japanese landed, and it was a top-secret place. I was always wondering if that was still there or not, if they let people know if it‟s still there or not. Interviewer: Do you think it was pretty close to Honolulu, was it pretty far away? It was up near Schofield Barracks, near there. 3:10 See you take—from one side of the island to the other, you go to Kaneohe Naval Base and you‟re 2000 and some odd feet above, up on the palley there looking down on Kaneohe naval Base, so from one side of the island to the other there‟s a difference and a lot mileage, you know, and they could have been building that stuff anywhere. It was a beautiful island until the damn white man got over there and screwed it all up. Kaiser, Kaiser Aluminum, he‟s the one that started it on Waikiki beach, them high-rises—I use to go to Hawaii and stay there on Waikiki beach. 4:09 I met a girl there and her dad owned, I don‟t know what it was, it was a big mansion or something, but he opened it up for the GI‟s, and I met her, and I don‟t even know what her name was. When they built that high-rise at Waikiki it blocked him off from even seeing the beach, and they fought about it, but it didn‟t do any 32 �good. Now look at it, and there was only one hotel on that island and that was the Royal Hawaiian, an all pink one, and it was the only one that was there, and now look at the damn thing. 4:56 Interviewer: People can’t afford to live there. There seems to be somebody is living there. 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carpenter, Edson (Interview transcript and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carpenter, Edson Description An account of the resource Edson Carpenter is a World War II veteran who served in the U.S. Army with the 767th Tank Battalion 19th Inf. Division from 1941 to 1945. In this account, Carpenter discusses his pre-enlistment, enlistment and training in the U.S and the Pacific, and his combat experiences across the Pacific. Carpenter also mentions aspects of the war not generally talked about such as the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the fighting on Leyte, and other island assaults he took part in. Carpenter concludes by discussing his life after the war and what he learned from his military experiences. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-13 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CarpenterE Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/53e4fb34d49dafeefd98e46e3501da3b.mp4 48f379f1067f898b003c1080fc4ca712 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4db48c0bd2d91e16ab2605db965299ba.pdf c4923ec27b11981c60bbcfcea893a811 PDF Text Text GrandValleyStateUniversity Veteran’s History Project WWII/Post-WWII/Korean Conflict James Carr Interview Total Time: Background  (00:14) Born in ChicagoIllinois, in 1927 o Stayed here through high school then moved to Park Ridge o Mentioned that they lived in a Norwegian ghetto o Got Norwegian newspaper o Went to high school in Park Ridge also  (00:50) Father was a civil engineer o Never lost a job through the Depression o Family members lived with them who had suffered during this time  (1:30) Father tried to get in the Marines during World War I as an artillery observer because of his technical background o They didn’t take him because his blood pressure was high from excitement  (2:02) Had two brothers; one was killed when Mr. Carr was an infant  (2:40) All of his male cousins served in World War II, uncles in World War I  (3:20) Remembers during childhood when his younger brother wanted to see an army jeep o Drove through Ft. Sheridan o Gates were closed when they tried to leave, they got let out o Went to a nearby relatives house who seemed concerned about a recent event o Found out that Pearl Harbor attack had occurred  (4:36) Mr. Carr’s first choice was to join the Naval Academy and take flight training o Navy wanted him to have a degree before joining o Joined the Civil Air Patrol as a teenager  (7:20) Mr. Carr enlisted instead of waiting to get drafted o Took a skill test that had to do with electronics o This made him eligible to go into the Navy as a first class seaman o He was 17 at the time, as well as his other friends o They had to wait until graduation o After graduation, the war in Europe was over  (8:30) Got to boot camp in early September of 1945 �Training  (9:00) Said that when they arrived to boot camp, “you were a nobody” o Had to learn many new things  (9:40) They had companies within the boot camp, about 100 of them in the company  (10:16) They had weapons training, but different than the Marines o They still used 1908 Springfield rifles o Firefighting aboard ship  (11:30) At the time, the Navy was still segregated o This was strange to him, because it was very different in Chicago  (12:35) He said the most challenging part of training was identifying aircrafts and ships o They only flashed on the screen for barely a second  (13:07) Boot camp was 10-11 weeks  (13:16) The electronics program was cancelled because the war was over  (13:16) Mr. Carr was given the opportunity to learn how to become a dispersing clerk o To handle Navy payroll o Once they graduated, they learned they could be discharged once everyone else was discharged  (13:56) There was a 3 week program to learn how to do this Navy Career  (14:15) Sent to Great Lakes Campus o Then assigned a discharge unit  (14:15) As a dispersing clerk, he looked at their payroll record  (14:50) A case Mr. Carr will never forget o One man was a chief petty officer; many ribbons o All the ribbons were red; which meant that he didn’t get top conduct awards o Address was the same as in 1908; had been serving for 40 years  (16:33) Says that they didn’t get paid a lot, so there wasn’t really any disputes about how much a person was paid  (17:10) There was a guy whose payroll didn’t keep up with him; had been in different combat situations  (17:34) Mr. Carr did this work for 9 months  (27:37) Afterward, he went to school at MichiganStateUniversity  (27:53) During his time as a dispersing clerk, he stayed at Great Lakes o Mentions that the base was more of a training center and a transition center o Hangers were converted to barracks; 1300 guys to each room �        (19:06) They had 8 hour shifts o They got liberty passes; got to go anytime as long as they reported when they got back o Talked about the nice houses near the area (20:22) Got days off sometimes o 8 hours on and off, and then 56 hours off o Then they were changed back to the regular schedule o Went downtown, got to go see movies and plays, etc. (24:13) Enlisted in the Navy Reserves o Inactive reserves o Joined an organization at school, 45 hours a month, and joined another one later (25:09) Because Mr. Carr could type, he could work any hours he wanted o Did this in between classes (26:10) One of his assignments was with Navy Intelligence in downtown Chicago o Didn’t know what they were looking for, but knew that there were many people with aliases (28:44) Mr. Carr had graduated by the time the Korean conflict had started o His enlistment was going to expire in August after he graduated in June o On June 25th, North Koreans invaded South Korea o About a month later the president extended all of their enlistments by a year o In August, he got word to report to active duty on September 7th o Had a wedding planned on September 9th, so they got married on August 23rd instead (31:35) Reported to the NavalReserveCenter and then went to Pere Marquette Railroad Station in Lansing o Went to Ft.Wayne, in Detroit o Then got on a train to Great Lakes Naval Academy o Went there for processing over a weekend o Wives came to visit them, and they got liberty o Took a train for 3 days to California  Said the ride was beautiful (35:16) Arrived at Port Hueneme in OxnardCalifornia o Assigned to a battalion that hadn’t been formed yet o Waiting until others arrived so they could be a 1000 man battalion o Had to build their own housing o Got to participate in the commissioning of the assignment of officer o Mr. Carr was color guard �            o Didn’t ship out until the first week of January (37:56) 60-70% of the guys in the unit were WWII vets or of that age o The rest were those who had joined in the reserve units (39:12) Went to a recruit training center in San Diego o Stayed at the place the SEALs trained o Spent an hour learning how to use each weapon o Learned a lot about being a good soldier; more than the Navy boot camp o Did this for two weeks before going back to Hueneme o Got leave shortly after, explored Northwest United States with wife (41:15) Shipped up to the Aleutian Islands o This was a secret project; not told that they were going there o It was a secret project for the Atomic Energy Commission o They were to do underground nuclear testing in basalt rock o They were in Amchitka o This was an area that hadn’t been occupied by 1,000 people since World War II o Two dozen of their people were flown up there, then 100 of them left on an attack cargo ship (44:42) Mr. Carr describes Amchitka as the “Florida” of the Aleutian chain o It snowed, but there was no frost o Remembers solid fog (46:55) Says the island as pretty much abandoned (47:13) Their first job when they arrived was to convert warehouses to barracks (48:25) The coldest it got there at night was 28 degrees o Snow never lasted more than a couple of hours (49:17) Eventually, the whole battalion joined them o They brought over the flu (50:44) Mr. Carr said they had a regular galley o Big meal was at noon, but they were working at that time (52:13) Decided to keep a diary because he could not write home about their work, since it was a secret project (53:37) Had 3 survey crews working, they laid out the ground zero line o Out from about 3 miles o Had to be witnessed, etc. o Whatever they put down was going to be destroyed, but they had to put it back (55:14) The biggest challenge of his job was the weather o Wind never stopped; caused equipment to vibrate o The Aleutian islands were all tundra – made a “mattress” �         (56:40) His team consisted of about 5-6 guys o He really liked these people o They came from all over the US (58:00) Also had to report tide gages (58:28) When they were off duty, they hiked and explored the island o Describes various moments in nature and wildlife that he experienced o They got to watch movies often (1:00:00) Stayed on Amchitka from January until June o Many decisions and work was based on the weather (1:04:42) Mr. Carr’s wife was in Lansing while he was in Amchitka (1:08:37) He said on the island, the morale would go up and down; depended on the weather a lot of the time. (1:10:40) His enlistment was extended by a year; different than World War II o Discharged in August (1:12:00) They came home in a victory ship o 6-7 days crossing the Pacific (1:15:00) Says his time in the military helped him have a great respect for those that do it now � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_CarrJ1296V Title A name given to the resource Carr, James (Interview outline and video), 2011 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-11-10 Description An account of the resource James Carr grew up in Chicago and joined the Navy in 1945 at age 17 as a first class seaman. He received raining at Great Lakes Naval Station, and worked there as a dispersing clerk handling payroll for sailors being discharged after World War II. He then went to college and served in the reserves. He was called up when the Korean War started and was sent to Amchitka in the Aleutian Islands to work on a secret project for Atomic Energy Commission. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carr, James Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Kentwood Historic Preservation Commission (Kentwood, Mich.) WKTV WKTV (Wyoming, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aa3d4b9750ee64551215126b8fa131b7.pdf 39dab203a8b5fbaba993c1bbe32e0f43 PDF Text Text 1 Grand Valley State University Special Collections Kent County Oral History collections, RHC-23 Cary, John Interviewed on September 27, 1971 Edited and indexed by Don Bryant, 2010 – bryant@wellswooster.com Tape #18 & 19 (1:08:16) Biographical Information John Cornelius Cary was the son of Cornelius “Neal” Cary and Julia A. Lynch. Neal Cary was born in Vergennes Township, Kent County in January 1861, the son of Patrick Cary and Catharine Boylen. Julia was born in October 1861 in Kent County, Michigan, the daughter of Jeremiah Lynch and Julia Harrington. Neal married Julia Lynch in Grand Rapids on 27 October 1896. John C. Cary was born 2 October 1897 in Grand Rapids. About 1926, he married Helen M. Wren. Helen died 6 June 1972 and John passed away five years later on 1 June 1977. They are buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Grand Rapids. ___________ Interviewer: Were you born in Grand Rapids, Mr. Cary? Mr. Cary: Yes, I was, in October second, eighteen ninety-seven on, what was then, Central Avenue, now Sheldon Street. And it was the fifth house north of Fifth Avenue, so called at that time, now Franklin Street. It was on the east side of the street, and the house was torn down some eight, ten years ago, the entire area from Franklin Street, north to Sycamore and Sheldon, east of Jefferson, has been completely torn down, for a new project either a housing development project or an extension of the Sheldon Complex. When I was five years old we moved from there to a house on the west side of Cass Avenue between Hall and Delaware. Dr. Long, who was quite a prominent physician in the South End as it was called in the south part of Grand Rapids, it was, lived on the corner, the southwest….or the northwest corner of Cass Avenue and Delaware. It was called Eighth Avenue then, under the old numbering system. And next to us was a Mrs. was the VanderVelde family, and she was a half-sister of Adrian Otte, who, with his brother John Otte, organized the American Laundry Company, which was existing then on Division, at the corner of Haifley and Division. We lived there from the time I was five years old until I graduated from the law school at the University of Michigan in nineteen twenty-two. Interviewer: Were your parents born in Grand Rapids? Mr. Cary: My mother, yes. My mother was born blessed Julia Lynch. She was a part of the Irish laboring people who built what was called the South Railroad into Grand Rapids. I‟ve never been able to determine what they meant by the South Railroad, but I think it was the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. Those Irish laborers who worked on the railroad, and I had an uncle, Timothy Lynch, who was sort of a section boss of those people who laid the tracks and ties and spiked „em and so on. A group of them settled in the southwest part of Grand Rapids. My grandfather had an opportunity to buy some land around the swamp, which is, was located about where the Union Depot was subsequently built which is no more because of the expressway. But he wanted to be on the high ground so he bought five acres from Noyes Avery, �2 I can‟t tell you the year but it was before my mother was born in eighteen fifty-nine and built a house, which still exists on Jerome Street running north of Burton on the high hill east of the railroad tracks as they cross there. Interviewer: And the house still stands? Mr. Cary: The house still stands. Not on the original site, subsequently my mother and father platted that into the Lynch-Cary addition, and it was moved to the corner of Jerome Street, and it was called Jerome Street because the city wouldn‟t allow my mother to name it Jeremiah, which was my Grandfather‟s given name. And, so, mother was born there in eighteen fifty-nine, and then my father was born in Sect.., on Section seven of Vergennes Township. My grandfather, Patrick Cary, also by legend, was, did some work, or worked on the Erie Canal, came through into Ohio and was, lived there for a short period and, in eighteen forty or eighteen forty-two when he entered some sections in for Vergennes Township, Section seven, parts of section, I should say he gave his residence as Marshall, Michigan. The only connection that I can get to that is that he was a laborer on the, what is now, the Michigan Central, or Penn Central Railroad running from Detroit thru Ann Arbor, Jackson, Battle Creek, Marshall, Kalamazoo into Niles and into Chicago. Sometime after that he moved and settled on the land in Vergennes Township and my father was born there in eighteen sixty-one and lived there until he became a young man, came to Grand Rapids and went to work for the Judson Grocery Company and alternately as a shipping clerk, ultimately he became what they called in those days, a broom peddler. He was a traveling salesman for the Judson Grocery Company, and his territory was from White Cloud on the Pere Marquette to Thompsonville north, and from Reed City on the GR & I to Cadillac and west of Lake Michigan including Ludington, Baldwin, Wallahalla, Sherman, Scottville, Mesick and many towns that were built because the lumbering industry which existed. Interviewer: Was the Judson Grocery Store, was that the wholesale house? Mr. Cary: Yes. It was located at right as I, my earliest recollection of it was at the corner of Ottawa and Louis Street, more close to the corner. Subsequently, Mr. Judson built the building [now the B.O.B.] on Market Street just off from the corner of Fulton and that building was operated by the Judson Grocery Company until about nineteen twenty-seven or twenty-eight and after Mr. Judson‟s death, who was a very staunch ardent Republican, it was sold to William Cady and William Cady operated it there and subsequently on Jefferson Avenue in the old Wilmarth, Welch-Wilmarth Showcase Factory, on Jefferson, east of Macey‟s and at the railroad, Pere-Marquette railroad tracks. I think your grandfather and McInerney subsequently occupied some part of that area for his client before he moved to Godfrey Avenue as a result of a fire. Interviewer: Was there, you‟re an Irishman? Mr. Cary: Yes Interviewer: Did the Irish have a kind of particular area in the town that they lived in? Mr. Cary: Yes. There were two predominately Irish settlements. The Irish immigration to Grand Rapids was the first economic, ethnic migration. By that I mean that the German migration to Grand Rapids was the first ethnic group, was a political migration; they didn‟t want their sons to be a part of the imperial German Army that Bismarck had invented. The whole [exolerance?] were planning for Germany and so the German migration was to Grand Rapids, �3 was similar to the one to Cincinnati, Milwaukee, St. Louis and so on. So that, that is why the two most prominent department stores in Grand Rapids carry German names, Herpolsheimer and Wurzburg, and they were a part of that early migration and their migration was not because the economic conditions. The Irish migration was and they were the common laborers of the United States at that time. And the railroads were being built at that time and the Irish built the railroads. And the two prominent places in Grand Rapids were the area around the D & M Depot at Plainfield and the, what had got to the railroad got that far, the Irish who did, worked for the railroad settled in the area around Leonard, Plainfield, Carrier and all of that territory there. And I, it‟s an assumption on my part, that St. Alphonsus church, was erected in that area because of the fact that the Irish-Catholic people who lived in that area. The other Irish settlement was as a result of the railroads coming in from the south as I spoke of before and they settled in what was the First Ward, which was around Ellsworth, Grandville around Number Six Engine House, over there and up Grandville Avenue there. And also, along Clyde Park from Grandville south and most of those people had large families and to supplement their economy they had several of them had five acres running from Clyde Park through to Century and at that time Century, when I went out to visit my grand uncles out on Clyde Park Avenue there was no Century Avenue and subsequently after the Rathbone Mantle and Fireplace [Manufacturing] was erected on Clyde Park Avenue which would now be a little south of where the Kelvinator plant is and after the Leonards moved their ice-box manufacturing place to what is now the Kelvinator, why the Irish plotted those areas, and that‟s why you have Holmes Street, Lynch Street and you get streets that up there Shamrock and Emerald and McKendrick, various other real Irish names. For many years Thirty-Sixth Street or Thirty or Forty-Fourth Street was called Daly and the Dalys and the Lynches were intermarried and I can‟t tell you the relationship of the Dalys, but they had a large farm and near where the Reynolds plant is now, which was the heart of the site of the old gas[?] plant, which was a started building during the First World War, and never got finished. [Louis Lynch in 1893 married Julia Daly in Grand Rapids.] Interviewer: Well what was the downtown, what did you do as a child? You mentioned that you, kind of hung around the streets, were kind of an urchin, what…. Mr. Cary: Well I, I didn‟t decay around the streets, my parents wouldn‟t let me, but as a kid and I‟m sure, I was six years old, I went to St. Andrews school, which was then at the corner of Maple and Sheldon, and from our house on Cass Avenue to there was a mile and a quarter and we walked it four times a day, „walked‟ is used in bicycling because it was probably running not to be late, and I don‟t think that there was a fence in any of that area that I or my companions hadn‟t jumped, in one way or another by being chased out of the yard or because we were in a hurry. And, but some of the other people that lived in that area were Bill Morrissey and his brother Leo, who died while the boys were in school. Bill Morrissey became the owner of the Fanitorium and he was a fight promoter and recreation and built up recreation facilities in Grand Rapids as he came to manhood following the First World War. Another family who was from that area and were closely associated with Morrissey was the Pipp family, who were very large, had a very large family. The older boy, Ben, became a priest, I don‟t know whether he was a secular priest or he belonged to an order, I‟ve forgotten that, but his brother, Wally, became a member of the New York Yankees, played first base and was pushed out of his job by the famous Hank Gehrig. And Wally was in, and I met him in, at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, when we were both in the Naval Flying Corp and there were several of the New York Yankees in the ….well… We studied at M.I.T., but it would probably to designate it �4 would, would say it was what was ground school now in the Naval period of the Second World War and he was there and a fellow by the name of [Leslie] Nunamaker was there and on both the False Armistice on the fourth of November in nineteen eighteen and then the real one on March eleventh, nineteen eighteen in my particular squad, marching in the parade in Boston, at that time, was a famous baseball player by the name of Tris Speaker. You want to shut that off a minute? Interviewer: Sure. Did you see the, what was the former Post Office, which is now the Federal Building? Mr. Cary: Yes. Interviewer: Did you see that dedication? The dedication of that building? Mr. Cary: Yes. Yes. Interviewer: Can you tell me about that, why you were there and so on? Mr. Cary: Well, I was there because it was, we were let out of school and we were let out of school to go to that affair and it was a real civic celebration for Grand Rapids to have a building as nice as that and so on. I, of course, had no conception that it was a nice building, at that time. There were other kids there and people of prominence were there and we were probably making nuisances of ourselves, crowding in and so on to watch of course. Teddy Roosevelt was, was a national and international figure of those days and his experience and his fame as a Rough Rider were carried by every youngster of that time. And to have his daughter in town for an affair of that kind was a real event. There was also Vice-President Sherman, was here for that affair. And it was Sunny Jim, so called, “Sunny Jim” Sherman, former senator from New York, and not John Sherman, the brother of William Tecumseh Sherman, the general, who was in the Senate and who was in the Congress of the United States, from the time in the Civil War until his death, which I, it was after the turn of the century, but I don‟t remember just when. Interviewer: Why, you mentioned to me before when we were talking that the sisters down at St. Andrews had something against Alice Roosevelt. What, what was that? Mr. Cary: Well, at that time, cigarette smoking by women was a real evil thing; many people thought it was that. And Alice Roosevelt had a reputation at that time as being a cigarette smoker, and she smoked in public. She was always one, and still is, too, she is quite famous for her vitriolic remarks of one kind or another, about a Governor Dewey of New York and some of the other national figures that she didn‟t completely care for, and she was not one to take a back seat and if she wanted to smoke cigarettes, why she smoke cigarettes. And it made it was long worth from Cincinnati, she had money enough to smoke cigarettes when she wanted to. Interviewer: Was there a common, a common thing in those days, for like for example, the dedication of a federal building, to have a city-wide celebration? Mr. Cary: Yes and they….Grand Rapids was predominately a Republican community and whether it was a result of the Civil War or not, I don‟t know, but it was predominately Republican. And the Coliseum which was built by Heystek on Commerce Street between Oakes and Cherry along about nineteen seven or eight and [Charles] Jandorf, who had a delicatessen �5 store on Monroe Avenue would be just immediately west of Peck‟s Drug Store, which was at, was at the corner of Division and Monroe at the northwest corner, was the caterer for most of those affairs. And they would have the William Alden Smith, who was a senator after nineteen seven, priding himself on bringing some of the most famous and popular Republicans to the Lincoln-Day banquets of that time. And my father because of Mr. Gibson‟s prominence in the Republican Party was probably given tickets to those banquets, usually held on Friday night, when he would come in off his northern route with a [ ?]. You know that my father wasn‟t enough of a political person to have spent the, the money that was charged for those, there were six of us children, and he just didn‟t have that kind of money to pay for affairs of that kind. Interviewer: The Coliseum, is that still standing? Mr. Cary: Yes. It‟s, it‟s mentioned in the downtown Grand Rapids eighteen thirty – nineteen ten, I think it was the Heystek building. It was, you guess, it was at, it was originally, its site was there on Commerce. Sometime later they acquired some property on Division Street and an annex was built out to Division, but for, from its inception for many years thereafter, it was on Commerce Street. And as kids, on Saturday morning, and that‟s true of most of the kids that, that went to Central, Division Avenue School, St. Andrews, Fountain Street School, in those schools, who were all fifteen [to] sixteen years of age, would go to the Coliseum on Saturday morning to roller skate. It was a real recreation spot, at that particular time. Interviewer: Was there much difference between the downtown of those days and the downtown of today? Mr. Cary: Not much really. They, Grand Rapids was always a one-street town, Monroe Avenue. And it used to, I would imagine that they used to drive carriages down Monroe Avenue to show off. And I know when I was a young boy anybody that had an automobile drove it down Monroe Avenue and when we got into high school and in early days of college, if you were out on the prowl for picking up some girls, why if you had a car or could borrow or get someone else, ride in someone else‟s why you went down there on Monroe Avenue to show off. And that was still the situation until they put the mall in, and they fairly well eliminated that, for the time being. Interviewer: What were the, was the, the commercial establishments, pretty much the same or were there some differences there? For example, grocery companies; I don‟t believe there are any groceries companies downtown now, are there? Mr. Cary: Well are you speaking of retail or wholesale groceries? Interviewer: Both. Mr. Cary: Well, there were many wholesale groceries in those days. In addition to the Judson, which my family was connected, a short distance away at the corner of Weston and Ottawa, why the northwest corner was the Worden Grocery Company that, I don‟t know who Mr. Worden [A. E. Worden] was or what the connection is, but Guy Rouse, the „Winchesters, were active in that business at the time that I speak of, the Judson Grocery Company, which would be from oh, nineteen seven to nineteen twenty-seven, a twenty year period. Another one that was, that I remember of at that time which was on Ionia Street across from William Alden Smith building between what is now Weston Street and Fulton, was the Musselman Grocery Company, and that �6 was headed by Amos Musselman, who was a very prominent man at that time. At the corner of, on the northwest corner of, Ionia and Weston, where Quimby-Kain is now, was the wholesale grocery house of Lemon and Wheeler and that, that I don‟t know much about Mr. Wheeler, but Sam Lemon was well known at that time and it was his early Greek revival house of red brick and white pillars on Jefferson, on the east side of Jefferson that was, has been recently occupied by the O‟Brien funeral home, was the home of Sam Lemon. A little further south, on Jefferson, at that time, was another Greek revival house, which had been torn down, unfortunately, which was the home of Jacob Kleinhans. He was a very prominent lawyer in the law firm of Kleinhans, Knappen, Kleinhans, Knappen and Kleinhans. Knappen became the United States Court Judge of appeals and Kleinhans was a very prominent lawyer around the early nineteen ten and earlier in that time and Stuart Knappen, the son of the judge was a member of that firm, and that firm and its successors exist today in Wheeler, Upham, Uhl, and Bryant. But to go back to the wholesale grocery houses, at the, at the southeast corner of, of Ionia and Weston, what is now the Morse [Dry Goods] building, formerly the Transportation Building. That was, I think, originally built for wholesale grocery and wholesale hardware store. M.J. Clark, the donator of the Clark Memorial home of the Methodist Preachers on Sherman Street was involved in two companies there, Clark-Rutka-Weaver [actually hardware firm, not grocery] and Clark-Jewell-Wells. I can‟t tell… (break in the taping) … [Recording skips to a later portion of transcript. See beginning of Side Two] I was speaking of M.J. Clark and his company. I can‟t distinguish between which was the wholesale hardware firm and which was the wholesale grocery firm. The Judson Grocery Company bought out, I think it was Clark-Jewell-Wells. I think that was the grocery company but I wouldn‟t be firm about that. And that became a part of the Judson Grocery Company sometime during my boyhood days. Another company that was absorbed by Judson Grocery Company and wholesale house, and this was before my…any knowledge of it. I used to see the sign, an old sign that they had in the drive in of the Judson grocery company. The Ball Barnhart Putnam Company; it was a wholesale grocery company. And Mr. O[rson]. A. Ball, who was a son or a nephew of John Ball of John Ball Park, was one of the officers of the Judson Grocery Company, subsequent to that buyout or merger of the Ball Barnhart Putnam Company. Mrs. William Judson the First was a Barnhart and it may have been some family connection there that caused the absorption, but that I have no knowledge of. But I think Worden absorbed various wholesale grocery houses but you ask about places, food places, on the Monroe Avenue there was one called Dutton Taylors, which was a very fine market, large grocery store and market and it was in the block west of Peck‟s drugstore on the corner of, and I use that as a fixing point because most everybody knows where Peck‟s drugstore was, on the corner, the northwest corner the flat iron area of Division and Monroe that was oh half way in the middle of that block. Across the street was the at the corner of Commerce which would‟ve been at the south west corner of Commerce and Monroe because at that time Commerce came through from Fulton Street into Monroe at an angle was the Morse Department [Dry Goods] Store, George Morse and there was a food department connected with that in the back end of it ran through and came out on Ionia Street between Louis and Monroe and there‟s a story I know about George Morse who was inclined to be oh let‟s say a little (garbled word) maybe a little more. He was walking through there, through the food department one day and it was a custom then to sell cheese in a �7 large round bowl. Oh it probably was a foot or 18 inches across. They‟d cut the mold. Then to entice you to buy they‟d sliver off a piece of the cheese and offer it to you on the knife and you could taste the cheese and see whether or not it had the bouquet and the flavor and so forth and it was what you wanted. So Mr. Morse was going through there and the clerk was doing that to someone and he said out of the corner of his mouth, “Sell it to him, don‟t give it to him” (Laughter). Sometime when I was in grade school there was a large fire in that department store now whether it was during the Morse ownership or subsequently when it was known as Ira Smith‟s Department Store, I can‟t recall, but I don‟t remember how the, a department store being in that area or that building much after that fire. There was another large grocery store and market called the Bertsch Market on lower Monroe and about where Crescent came into, ran into Monroe; the west side of Monroe and that area from the Pantlind Hotel south to Bridge Street and Michigan Avenue as you… Interviewer: North Mr. Cary: ….it was all Bridge Street for many, many years and then I think the time the numbered system was changed the area from Monroe to the east was called Michigan and the area west of Monroe was still called Bridge Street and the stores and the shops in that area were as good as the shops up Monroe avenue. There was the Wurzburg‟s Department Store down close to Crescent Street, there was the Benjamin Company, there was the [Levi‟s] Star Clothing store in that area, the Petey[?] Apparel Company whose kids went to St. Andrews with me and their father owned that store which was on the east side of Monroe in the area between Lyon and Crescent. There was Katz Brothers which was at the corner of, the north east corner of Lyon and Monroe, the Water Shoe Store[?] which was a large shoe store at that time was there in the sort of onion shape projection there in the corner of the…well it‟s the first street runs dead end into the Civic Auditorium. Interviewer: Where the Inersin[?] Drugstore is now. The Inersin Craft, Art and Supply store is there? Mr. Cary: Well no, it‟s not Inersin that‟s over on Louis Street here. That‟s the…. Interviewer: Oh yeah not Inersin. Mr. Cary: ….Dave Munner, Douma‟s? Interviewer: Yeah. Mr. Cary: Yeah, that‟s the street I‟m talking about there. And then of course Aman‟s Sons The Giant [Giant Clothing Company] was at the south east corner of Lyon. Our earliest theatre, movie theater, was in the area between Lyon and Monroe across from the Pantlind and Peck‟s drugstore was in that area. That was a large progressive drugstore and the forerunner of being of a drugstore being something else besides selling drugs. I can remember one time, it was after I got out of college - I was practicing law, I was in the west drugstore in the evening around six o‟clock it may been because I was going to the Armory which was on Michigan Avenue for a concert. I saw the one, the in-inable[?] Shayapa come into Peck‟s drugstore from across the street from the Pantlind one of the most striking people I ever saw on the streets of Grand Rapids. He had one of those Asterican[?] fur hats cocked on the side of his head he was about, six feet three, six feet four, weighing around two hundred pounds and he carried, carried himself �8 to the full extent of his height just a magnificent looking male figure and he was giving a concert at the Armory where concerts were held in those days. But the movies had been in Grand Rapids was named Gaudet and for years the people in Grand Rapids didn‟t speak of going to the movies they were going to the Gaudet and I know as green as I was when I went to Boston in nineteen eighteen, why I would speak of the movies as going to the Gaudet the people down there of course had no idea what I was talking about and the United Star Store had a place in the corner of Pearl and Monroe and upstairs over that was one of the finest eating places both from the standpoint of food and reputation. It was a Chinese restaurant [Hong Ying Lo] operated by Charlie Young. Mr. Young was a educated Chinese. He was the only interpreter that I ever saw in the federal court. [END OF SIDE ONE] [SIDE TWO] [RECORDING CONTINUES HERE] …both the plaintiff and the respondent in the same proceedings and they had been because there weren‟t any other educated Chinese who could act as interpreter but, Charlie Young had the reputation of being a real, fine character, real fine honest man and it was because of that reputation, I‟m sure that he was allowed to jump to both sides in the lawsuit. But that restaurant was, had a reputation all over the west especially in western Michigan and if anyone came in and were of the least bit boisterous in the place, Mr. Young in a very quiet, suave way went over and either quieted them, or escorted them to the center stairway so that they could leave. Interviewer: Was, did you ever go to Chinnick‟s? Mr. Cary: Chinnick‟s was just east of the Young restaurant, Chinese restaurant and the United Cigar Store there on the corner was the Arcade, which ran through and it still exists, that runs through from Pearl to Lyon and the Power‟s Opera House fronted on to the east side of the Arcade and that was the real, legitimate, the better, legitimate theatre of Grand Rapids of that area. And just east of that was the, the Chinnick Saloon and upstairs over that there was one of the first bowling alleys of Grand Rapids, and if not the first, one of the very earliest and about the only one for many years. As kids growing up as high school boys, there were two saloons there… the Chinnick and Hugh Cavanaughs or commonly called Colonel Cavanaugh and you could prove that you looked to be twenty-one, if you could get by either Hugh Cavanaugh or Bill Chinnick, who sat at the front of their saloon. If you could get by whether you were eighteen or nineteen, into that, you looked twenty-one……They were a very high grade of operators of liquor by the glass business and were real respected citizens. So I, I spoke of Powers Opera House and when I got through college in nineteen twenty-two and started practicing law in the law firm, of which I am the survivor, and which has existed in Grand Rapids for one hundred years in nineteen seventy one.. I started at a salary of a hundred dollars a month. In fact, I could make more money on Saturday afternoon, going out and officiating at ba football game, than I could all week practicing law. So there was Harper Moore, was at Knappen, Uhl & Bryants as it was called then, and I was at Norris, McPherson, Harrington and Waers as it was called then, and Al Cook, my roommate and was at Corwin and Norcross, Norcross being later a part of Warner, Norcross and Judd and Al Cook was George Norcross‟ brother in law and…. Oh, there were several others, there was Bill Biggerd[?], from Yale, who was at the Travelers, which was then in the building and where our office was located, and a �9 fellow by the name of John Randall, whose father was an Episcopal bishop somewhere in Connecticut, and three or four of them were living at the YMCA, and we used to go there and play bridge at night and other nights we would take in the theatres. In the early period, although I don‟t remember very much of our going, that crowd, going to the Majestic, but at that time in Grand Rapids, there were the, the name escapes me now, a group of players and of that group was Selena Royal was the leading lady Spencer Tracy was the leading male, young man. Bill, his name escapes me too; he later became the director of the degrees for the Masonic Order in Grand Rapids and stayed that way for twenty or twenty-five years, directing the degree program of the Masonic group. But then the Clark, I guess, Players although I wouldn‟t be sure of that name, although the man who owned, owned the outfit and or at least operated it, directed it, came out in sometime, during one of the acts and told what was coming on later on. They later moved to Powers Theatre Building and operated out of there and so we were real patrons of the legitimate theatre arts, as stock played by Selena Royal and Spencer Tracy. Selena Royal later went to New York. She was a part of a theatre family and was in some very fine New York productions. I can‟t tell you very much of it, about it anymore. I haven‟t followed through in that area extensively and my memory fails me, in part…. Interviewer: What‟s the…You mentioned that in nineteen thirty-six you came into possession of a social register of Senator Smiths? Mr. Cary: Yes. Interviewer: Did you have any connection with William Alden Smith? Mr. Cary: Yes, he was, he was a close friend of William Judson and we…shut that off….when I started practicing law with Norris McPherson, Harrington and Waer, our office was in the Grand Rapids Savings Bank Building, now the Peoples Building. And the Senator William Alden Smith was President of the Grand Rapids Savings Bank or was chairman of the board, and Gilbert Daane was the President of… Mr. Harrington, Mr. Leon Harrington, of the firm was a friend of Gil Daane‟s and did quite a bit of work for the Grand Rapids Saving Bank. And about nineteen twenty Gil Daane and Senator Smith organized the Michigan Guarantee Corporation which was a finance company which was quite prominent in that period following the First World War. It was an outfit that made loans that the Grand Rapids Savings Bank couldn‟t make under the regulations of the banking department. And with his prominence, Senator Smith sold stock in the Michigan Guarantee Corporation, pretty well over the middle and the dock(?) district of Michigan. And our office did quite a lot of work for the Grand Rapids Savings Bank and the Michigan Guarantee Corporation. And Mr. Charles McPherson, who was a partner with Joseph Brewer Senior in Kelsey-Brewer Company which was the partnership which owned the controlling stock of the American Company Public Utilities Corporation was also a member of the firm. And the Grand Rapids Trust Company which was subsequently headed by Mr. Brewer after he got out of the public utility business in nineteen twenty-five, by a sale to Samuel Insel, was the executor of the William Alden Smith estate. And because of his ownership of Grand Rapids Savings stock and the double liability of stockholders in case of bank failures the Senator Smith was estate was considerably diminished by virtue of having to pay on that liability of his stock. And so the Senator died in nineteen thirty-three, thirty-two or thirty-three, and his wife, Nanna Smith, survived until late in nineteen thirty-five or early in nineteen thirty-six. So at that time, I was a young lawyer and a young book collector and I thought that probably Senator Smith would have some government publications by Schoolcraft and others on the Indians and �10 things, and I thought probably I could get some real finds. And so I asked Mr. McPherson if I could go and look over the Senator‟s library and he made arrangements for me to do that, and so on March the thirteenth, nineteen thirty-six, Irving Quimby, who was the owner of a bookstore called Raymer‟s Bookstore, along with Mrs. McCarn and Mr. Hooper, who headed the trust department of the Grand Rapids Trust Company, and one or two others went to the Smith Library. And before I went, Mr. McPherson said to me, “John I think your just wasting your time.” He says, “the Senator was a politician not a student.” Well I didn‟t find any real first editions at the Senator‟s, in the Senator‟s library. I did get a book that the senator got free, which was a book that was issued when the Clements Library of Ann Arbor was when the University of Michigan was dedicated and I also got a copy of the History of the Supreme Court of the United States, which was published in eighteen ninety and in it there were original etchings by two brothers in Philadelphia, of all of the - Rosenthal were their names - of all of the justices of the Supreme Court up to eighteen ninety. Those were the two books that I got from the Senator‟s library and having finished the examination of the books, I was waiting for Irving Quimby to get through and the others were looking around and there in the library between two Chinese dogs, which were a real showpiece if you liked that sort of thing, was an old burner and it was filled with waste of one kind of another, leather obituary mementos which were custom of people with money in those days to have, were thrown in there and I rummaged through it and I saw a little black Morocco book about eight by eight in there and I picked it out, rummaged through it, and immediately recognized that it was a book of autographs. So I sat in the window seat there, and ran through it, and recognized the names of local people and politicians and state politicians and national politicians and figures and I was wearing a tweed Al McCain[?] sleeved coat, with great big pockets and the thought went through my mind and which was well, “Should I say something about this or should I stick it in my pocket?” And so finally, I thought I can‟t do anything with a thing like that, after you get it surreptitiously, so I said to Jim Hoover, “Jim, are there any other books like this around?‟ He said, “What is it?” Well, I says, “It looks like it‟s a book of autographs.” “Well,” he says, “I don‟t know. But,” he says, “if it‟s here, it belongs to Mrs. Jewell.” Well Frank Jewell who was had been a lumber man and who was married to Mrs. Smith‟s sister was there. He had an office in the, on the 12th floor of the Grand Rapids Savings Bank above my office and our firm offices, so I knew Mr. Jewell through his sons and from seeing him at the building for a number of years. And so Mr. Jewell said, “Well, if it‟s here, Mrs. Jewell doesn‟t want it.” That she‟s taken everything that she wants. So I thought, Well, here is my entry. Here is where I go in. So in my very best dealing smile I handed it to Mr. Jewell and I said, “Well if it‟s Mrs. Jewell‟s and she doesn‟t want it, it would be hers to give away”. So I offered it to him and he took it and it flashed through my mind, “you should have stuck that in your pocket”….He went up stairs with the book and in about 10 or 15 minutes later, came back and he telephoned across the street to Mrs. Jewell and he walked across the room, the library there, and handed the book to me and said “Mrs. Jewell wants you to have it. So make your own moral and how about it? So following that I got squibs and other things from a various people who were mentioned in the books was the lucky occasion was of a….. [END OF TAPE ONE, SIDES ONE AND TWO] [TAPE TWO, SIDE ONE] Mr. Cary: Ask me what you want. Interviewer: Well let‟s start out with that story concerning the diary, the one about the Indiana… �11 Mr. Cary: Okay. Interviewer: …Congressman. Mr. Cary: Part of the interesting pages in the William Alden Smith guestbook is that one which concerns the round robin, which Senator Smith, Senator Watson of Indiana and Senator Hyde, Harding, of Ohio had on Washington on St. Patrick‟s Day. Our former fellow townsman, Fred Wetmore, who nominated William Alden Smith, in nineteen thirteen the last nomination by the Michigan Legislature of a United States Senator, told me this story and that he had it from the Senator himself, and in the book, on March seventeen, nineteen-eighteen, the Smiths having a party, the next President of the United States wrote “On the morn of songs and sausages.” And his wife Florence Kling Harding signed her name and as an aside for many reasons, personal and intimate writings of President and Mrs. Harding, are difficult to secure and especially together on the same instrument. Indiana Senator Watson recorded ”On a day long to be remembered.” Well, Senator Watson was an outspoken, testy curmudgeon and renown in Indiana for his pointed use of the vernacular. There appears in one of Jonathan Daniels recent books a statement by Senator Watson, which is more in character than the above statement about it being a day long to be remembered. Wendell Willkie was from Indiana and in nineteen forty the Republican candidate for President of the United States. And his supporters sought Senator Watson‟s endorsement, and the Senator refused because he complained that candidate Willkie was a Democrat and so he didn‟t want to endorse him and so finally Senator Watson was pushed and asked if he didn‟t believe in conversion, and the all-irreconcilable graphically snorted, “If a whore repented and wanted to join the church I‟d personally welcome her, and lead her up the aisle to a pew. But by the Eternal, I‟d not asked her to lead the choir the first night.” Interviewer: What was that other, there was another incident you related to me about some fellow that was, who was in charge of some committee that would approve a project? It was a pork-barrel project involving the Grand River. Mr. Cary: Oh that was, was a party which the Smiths gave for Vice President Marshall, who this Senator, Senator Smith was there during the Wilson administration, and of course Marshall was Woodrow Wilson‟s Vice President. And so the guests were Vice President Marshall and Senator and Mrs. Kellogg from Minnesota and Newton Baker, who was Secretary of War at the time, and his wife and Mrs. T. DeWitt Talmage, who was the widow of a very prominent Presbyterian, or at least Protestant minister of the Washington community and quite famous. And so one of the stories about Vice-President Marshall, of course, is the famous one about what this country needs is a good five-cent cigar. But in his recollections, subtitled “Hoosier Salad”, he related an occasion when an appropriation to dredge the Grand River in Michigan was being debated. And Senator William Alden Smith was for the appropriation and Senator Theodore Burton of Ohio, opposed it. And the controversy, according to Vice President Marshall, was waxing, warm and Burton was insisting that there never had been two and a half feet depth in that river, and there never could be and Smith, Senator Smith said to him testily, “Well, you‟re the man to whom when you were in the house of Representatives, we gave a dinner in Grand Rapids, and you came back and introduced the first appropriation for this.” “Yes.” Burton replied, “I know that is so. You gave me a dinner there, and after the dinner, was over, I saw water, where there was no water”. “But I‟m sober now. I‟ve reformed and I‟m opposed to this appropriation.” �12 Interviewer: How, how about that, the story about how Catholic Central finally got a football team? Mr. Cary: Why I don‟t, I don‟t know whether that story is, is how they got it, but the fact is that in nineteen twelve, I was a sophomore in Catholic Central High School and in nineteen eleven, the boys who were Juniors and Seniors in Catholic Central played football, but they were not allowed to play under the name Catholic Central, because Bishop Richter, who was very aesthetic, pious, studious man and a great administrator of the Dioceses, who a great number of years figured that children should be educated and should not waste their time on athletics and other things, and he wouldn‟t allow athletics in the high school, so the boys who would play and in nineteen eleven the kids that went to Catholic Central played under the name Ernie Reed‟s. Ernie Reed was a saloon keeper who had a saloon at the northwest corner of Cherry Street and Division Avenue. Winegar‟s large furniture store was immediately south of Ernie Reeds, on the same side of the street and some of the people, who played on the nineteen eleven Ernie Reed team were Carroll Williams, who later went to the University of Michigan and became a rather prominent engineer in Grand Rapids, a brother of Francis Williams, the lawyer who has two sons who were both practicing law in Grand Rapids. One of the other members of the team was John Hugh O‟Donnell, usually signed J. Hugh O‟Donnell, who went to University of Notre Dame, and played center on one of the teams that Knute Rockne played on. That would be sometime in nineteen twelve [or] thirteen and later after the First World War, Hugh O‟Donnell, who was a very fine imposing, looking person, who had a tremendously sonorous voice, speaking voice, joined the priesthood. I don‟t know whether he became a regular priest or whether he joined the order, but he ultimately became a member of the Holy Cross Order and ultimately was elected as President of Norte Dame, and served for one, six-year term and then was out the required period and came back and was elected for another six-year term as President of Notre Dame. On that was also Bob Murray, who‟s family had, made money in the lumbering industry, and the Murray Building at the corner of Division and Library Street is, was built by Bob Murray‟s father, John Murray. Oh, there was the Holland, Alphonse Holland and others that, oh an Italian boy who was one of the stars of that Cole Manardo. In fact, the matter is there may have been two Cole Manardos, on the, the team, Cole is an abbreviation of Cosamou Manardo and at that time I knew four Cosie Manardos in various stages of the school at St. Andrews and the one who lived on Jefferson Avenue, right near Sycamore, went to Detroit and is still a well-to-do, practicing lawyer in Detroit. Where the others are, I don‟t know now. Interviewer: Was there much of, when the Ernie Reed football team was playing, did they play Central High School? Mr. Cary: I, I was young enough so that I didn‟t know who they played or how they played. Yeah, at that time, you know there was, there was only one high school that really had a full time twelve grades and that was Central High School, Grand Rapids Central. At that time it was a real all-state power, the big teams of the state was Detroit Central, Grand Rapids Central and Muskegon High School. At a little earlier than that, Robert Zupke, who was later the great coach at the University of Illinois, was the coach at Muskegon High School and he went from Muskegon to Oak Park, Illinois, had very successful teams there and then about nineteen twelve or thirteen, Zup, whom I later was acquainted with personally along with Benny Oosterbaan, who was one of his boys, but who Zup didn‟t get to go to the University of Illinois, were friends of mine. We used to play some golf at, in tournaments at Spring Lake and Muskegon and so on. �13 And Zupke was a very vocal person, always, always telling stories and so in the twenties Zupke was out scouting and looking for players for Illinois and Benny Oosterbaan was out looking for players for the University of Michigan. And they traveled together. And I can remember a couple of years, there was a hole over at Spring Lake Country Club, around the third where the third, the fifteenth, and the seventh or sort of came together, and so when you‟d finish your match, and were waiting for the next one, why you‟d congregate in that area. And I spent several hours there listening to Zupke tell stories about his various teams. Benny Oosterbaan would be laying on his back, with his hands under his head and his elbows akimbo to his head, and you‟d think he was asleep, but whenever Zupke would run down Oosterbaan would kind of roll over like that, open up one eye and say, “Hey Dutchman, did you ever tell them about so-and-so?”, and Zupke would then be off again no, no sense story so that, when you got away from Grand Rapids Central, but it was the only high school. It wasn‟t until nineteen eleven or twelve that Union High School became a full twelve grade school and so I remember that Johnny Beck, Alvin Louks and some of those boys of that time, some of the others, their names don‟t come to me now, played on the first Union High School Football team. So get back a little to Catholic Central, now I played on the first team, a friend of mine lived on the block south of us, was a boy by the name of Paul Hines. His father was a railroad engineer and Paul was not very successful in athletics and but he was very fond of them and so I remember in the late summer of nineteen twelve, I was down at Paul‟s house, we always called him Pickle, Pickle Hines and he asked me how old I was and how much I weighed. Well I didn‟t know and so we went over to Cody‟s store, which was at the corner of Highland and Lafayette and I got weighed and I weighed a hundred and forty-three pounds and I was somewhere around six feet and he says, “Yeah sure. We‟re going to organize a second team at Catholic Central this year, and I want you to play for my second team.” The second team had no relation whatever to the first team and we were playing at the practice grounds at the corner of College and Logan and one night we were scrimmaging and I was playing fullback for the second team and they finally talked Pickle into letting our second team play the first team. And so I had a good night in that practice and so some of the first team members wanted me to play guard on the first team. And Pickle wouldn‟t let me, because that would spoil his second team, and so there was quite a controversy about it and finally I was allowed to go to the first team. We played one game at Garfield Park. I remember that our singing teacher at Catholic Central at that time was Mary Agnes Douglas, a fine old lady, she probably is much younger at that time than I am now, but at least she was old to me then. And in order to get some income from the game, we sold tags which you put in your buttonholes, and I don‟t remember now how much they cost, but Miss Douglas, made a hit with all of the boys in school because she bought quite a number of those tags for the football game against Sparta at Garfield Park. Well the sad part of that game was that three or four of our players got hurt and we couldn‟t continue the rest of the season, because we didn‟t have enough able-bodied students after that to make-up a football team. Dan Mead, who was playing halfback, hurt his neck. Dan later went to M.A.C. Michigan State College and became an engineer and one of the top officers in late years of Owen, Ames and Kimball builders. And another one who got hurt was Bob Murray and I don‟t remember who the two others were. Lester Styles, who at that time was, had won national honors at Philadelphia for the Grand Rapids‟ Boat and Canoe Club, was playing tackle along side of me that game. But that was the last, first and last game of the nineteen twelve Catholic Central High School Football Team. Later on, Bill Murray, who, that‟s wrong, later on Bill Ducey, who was a, whose family, the son of Michael Ducey who was a furniture manufacturer, with a factory on Godfrey Avenue, out around Hall �14 Street, which later became the Johnson – Hanley – Johnson factory, was a student at the seminary, St. Joseph‟s Seminary and at that time St. Joseph‟s Seminary was across Sheldon Street from Catholic Central High School. And Bill was studying for the priesthood and he was short but very quick and was a fine quarterback. He later played quarterback for the Catholic Central teams of nineteen thirteen and fourteen and Bill played on the second team and the second team after I went back to it, we went on and we played Union‟s second team at John Ball Park and both Bill and I got an offer to, I can‟t remember now whether there was any money connected with the offer or just what it was, but we were offered by Mr. Dillingham, who was either the principle or the faculty manager of Union High School, some sort of scholarship or something at Union if we would transfer from Catholic Central to Union. Well the Duceys had a very large family and the Duceys were very devout as my parent were, and we had about as much chance playing for anything except the Catholic School as a snowball would in certain places that are fairly hot. At that time in nineteen thirteen, Elmer Mitchell was the coach at Union High School. Phil Holloway was our coach at, at Catholic Central and we played Union High School at Ramona Park on Saturday morning. And we had some pretty big boys on our team, but it wasn‟t real cohesive as a unit and so we would play good games and bad games. Well, the day we played Union, we played a good game and Union almost had the disaster of losing to us. And so the next year when we tried to get Union to play us in nineteen fourteen Elmer Mitchell said, “Why should I play you guys?” He says, “Your other games you play like a lot of sand lotters and you play my team and,” he says, “you knock my players out and we have injuries and so on and I‟m expected to beat you by a high score and if I don‟t, why I‟m in disgrace. I don‟t want to play you.” And what he said was true. Union was about to, Central was having an off year after it had a State Championship having beaten Muskegon a year or two before when Central had a great team headed by our sheriff of later years, Hugh Blacklock who became an all American, after having played four years at M.A.C, he went to Great Lakes and played there, while playing at Great Lakes on the service team he became All-American, a Walter Camp All-American. He later joined the Staleys, which was headed by George Halas and ultimately became the Chicago Bears. Hugh Blacklock played for the Chicago Bears until about nineteen twenty-six or twenty-seven, a matter of six or seven years. Hugh was a great player and a great person and was a real credit to professional football and to college football in Grand Rapids. Interviewer: This is a little away from, away from football, but could you tell me about the breweries in Grand Rapids and that story about how the breweries apparently had something to do with preserving part of the population. Mr. Cary: Why that matter about the health of Grand Rapids isn‟t anything that‟s original with me. It is set forth in Baxter‟s History of Grand Rapids, which in my opinion is a real history of Grand Rapids and is a wealth of information on Grand Rapids history. But John Pennell or Pennell, P-E-double N-E-double L, was an Englishman who settled in Grand Rapids about eighteen thirty-four, eighteen thirty-six and he because of the fact that at the foot of the hill on Michigan Avenue, which was then called East Bridge Street, there were springs of very pure, fine water and Mr. Pennell secured the rights to that land and that water and piped it across East Bridge Street over to the corner of Ionia and Bridge and made English Beer. What the difference is between it and the German Lager beer that I‟ll talk about, I don‟t know. And so the German migration to Grand Rapids brought with it a great number of men and families who were brewers in various provinces of Germany and one of the more prominent of these brewers was �15 Christopher Kusterer and in, sometime in the eighteen forties, I think probably about eighteen forty-nine, Christopher Kusterer bought out the stock in the business of John Pennell and whether he removed it from across the street to the southwest corner of East Bridge and Ionia or not isn‟t quite clear historically but that area was the area where the water was. And Kusterer wanted that water. And he then started making lager beer. At that time the area which was the, the part of Grand Rapids along Canal Street, along in that area was swampy and that condition also existed down around the around the area where the, the Union Railroad Station was ultimately built on Ionia at Logan or at Weston or Island as it was called previous to Weston and Oakes and Cherry in that area, was low ground and swampy. And there was, it was sort of an ague was contracted by a lot of people in the, in the Grand Rapids area. Whether it was malarial or not I‟m not quite sure, but the out it, as a result of it they contracted a certain amount of chills and shaking. Interviewer: Let‟s, let‟s just stop there for a second so I can turn the tape over, okay? [Audio recording ends at this point] Mr. Cary: I was talking about the fact that many residents of Grand Rapids suffered these chills and shaking ague that went along with it and that between the late eighteen forties and eighteen fifty-five that would be about eight years following the, the sale and brewing of lager beer. That condition was almost completely eliminated so far as Grand Rapids was concerned. Whether that‟s sound medically or not I don‟t know but if that is true, it can be well said that the Grand Rapids Brewing industry really played an important part in the public health of the city of Grand Rapids. Christopher Kusterer was a real business man. He had a good sense of, of what was a good product and the way to market it and get the people to buy it. And there were oh, I wouldn‟t know how many German brewers there were who had brewers it, in this period of the late forties and early fifties. Peter Weirich who was, an important German Businessman in that period had what was called a Michigan brewery at West Bridge and Indiana. There was the Eagle brewery which was established in eighteen seventy-six at fifty Stocking Street by Jacob Veit and Paul Rathman. The Tusch brothers had a brewery on Grandville Avenue and I think that was a little south of Wealthy Street. And then H. A. Britt had one on West Division Street and West Division was a street on the west side and its name was changed when Grand Rapids completely reversed the names of its streets and avenues and had all thoro, thoroughfares running east and west as streets and all north and south as avenues. And it was at that time that the city was geographically divided into four quadrants with Fulton Street dividing north and south and Division Street dividing east and west. And John Gessler and company had a brewery on Page Street up in the north end. Adolph Goetz, whose family was later a client of mine had a brewery at Broadway and West Leonard. And the Union Brewery was located at eighty-seven South Division Street and it was established in eighteen sixty-two by George Brandt. In eighteen eighty-eight the proprietors were Elizabeth B. Brandt and I think she is the widow of the organizer of George Brandt but I‟m not sure. And then there was George Jub, W. Brandt, he‟s the son of the original George Brandt and Julius Petersen. The Petersens had a brewery which was operating as late as nineteen twenty and their brewery was on Indiana Avenue, just south of Bridge Street, the Union Brewery at eighty-seven South Division Street was located at the southeast corner of Oakes and Division. And in the period of about nineteen oh-five to nineteen ten those premises were operated by Theodore Clark. And the Neal Cary flam, family was a customer of Theodore Clark in the summertime because when he came to deliver the beer at our �16 house, I would quite often ride with Mr. [Louis P.] Maude the driver of the truck for the rest of his finishing up the rest of his route. Later Mr. Maude was the bailiff for United States Circuit Court of Appeals Judge, Arthur W. Dennison. And later on in our lifetimes we used to talk about our deliveries many years before. Interviewer: Then the breweries, the solo breweries consolidated. Mr. Cary: Yes, Christopher Kusterer in eighteen eighty was a victim of the steamer Alpena disaster which was the loss of the Alpena on a trip from either Holland or Muskegon to Chicago or Milwaukee. And following that the, the any number of these breweries consolidated and joined up and the Grand Rapids Brewing Company was the result of that amalgamation of these various German family breweries. And prior to sometime between eighteen eighty and the publication of the Baxter History of Grand Rapids in eighteen ninety, the large red building, the home of the Grand Rapids Brewing Company was built and it was a landmark on Michigan Hill, which was formerly East Street Bridge Street for many years and until nineteen sixty-four, five or six whenever that was torn down as part of the Urban Renewal in the Grand Rapids Downtown area. Interviewer: The, the, I think you said that their beer was Silver Foam. Mr. Cary: Yes. Interviewer: And how, what, how did they market that beer around town? Then there was the story about the Branch Bank in Michigan and how breweries affected branch banking. Mr. Cary: Oh, well, it, it, it was the custom of breweries, it wasn‟t unique in Grand Rapids, but the law books have cases in which Joseph Schlitz had certain corners in certain cities which he would lease to a man who would be expected to only dispense Schlitz Beer. And there are records of breeches of that agreement and law suits over it. And there also in the Michigan records of suits by various breweries in Michigan who have the same situation and so the Grand Rapids Brewing Company bought up some of the best retail corners throughout the city of Grand Rapids. One of them was the southeast corner of Franklin and Division and off hand I, I don‟t remember any others and I haven‟t done any research on it so I, I‟m not sure of that. I‟m sure of that one but there were many more. And when prohibition came to Michigan in nineteen eighteen, the time of the First World War and the Grand Rapids Brewing Company went out of the brewing business, it went into the real estate business and sold these prominent corners in Grand Rapids to George Ellis who had a private bank, to the Grand Rapids Saving Bank, to the Kent State and they established branch banks on those corners throughout the, the, throughout the city. And those corners were used by branch banks until very modern times when the plaza and the outside area shopping districts were, came into being and so progress changes and methods of branch banking change but the brewing business was forerunner of branch banks. Interviewer: This is a, Mr. Cary: After repeal of prohibition the National trend of consumers to prefer the highly advertised national brands of beer sounded the death knell of the relatively small local breweries throughout the United States and the attempt by the Fox people of Chicago to take over the old red building of Grand Rapids Brewing Company on Michigan Avenue and Market Fox Deluxe beer succeeded for several years. But then it just couldn‟t compete with the National Advertising �17 that had to be done in order to sell beer. There are probably more money spent for television time for beer than for any other product and if you haven‟t got money to do that advertising, you lose out. As illustration, Harry Heilman who was one of the great broadcasters of radio and television broadcasting the Detroit Tiger games for many years his product was Global Beer but a….. [SIDE TWO OF TAPE TWO] ….make it in the Grand Rapids Brewing Company later followed by Fox Deluxe part of the Frank Fox family of Chicago. I was not able to make it either. And it…….not very many people now remember what that big red building was, what caused it to be there and so on yet it gracefully aged up there on the hill, but finally it was looked upon as an eye-sore and the cost of trying to maintain it in condition so that it was not a hazard as a structure that it finally felt that with the Urban Renewal it had to be torn down and when it was a historical era so far as Grand Rapids is concerned, passed out of existence. It goes back to the very early beginnings of Grand Rapids in the 1840s and its industrial life and it saddens people who have lived through a part of that period when structures of that kind were a real life blood of the community. And some place or other I think probably that the following quotation, I don‟t know whether where it‟s from is a probably a good obituary for the old Grand Rapids Brewing company building, the home of Silver Foam Beer and I quote: “Yet shall some Tribute of regret be paid when her long life hath reached its final day. Men are we and must grieve when even the shade of that which once, of that which once was great, passed away”. INDEX A D American Laundry Company · 1 B Daane, Gil · 10 Daly Family · 3 Douglas, Mary Agnes · 15 Blacklock, Hugh · 16 Burton, Senator Theodore (Ohio) · 2, 13 E Erie Canal · 2 C Cady, William · 2 Cary, Cornelius "Neal" (Father) · 2, 5 Cary, Julia A. Lynch · 1, 2 Cary, Patrick (Grandfather) · 1, 2 Catholic Central High School · 13, 14, 15 Cavanaugh Family · 9 Chinnick Saloon · 9 Clark, M.J. · 6, 7, 10 Coliseum · 5 F Fanitorium · 4 G Gaudet (movei theatre) · 8 Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad · 1 �18 Grand Rapids Brewing Company · 17, 18 Grand Rapids Trust Company · 10 H Hines, Paul · 14 Holland, Alphonse · 14 Holloway, Phil · 15 Hoover, Jim · 11 J Jewell, Frank · 7, 11 Judson Grocery Company · 2, 6, 7 O O‟Donnell, John Hugh · 13 Oosterbaan, Benny · 14 P Peck‟s Drugstore · 5, 7, 8 Pennell, John · 16 Pipp Family · 4 Powers Opera House · 9 Q Quimby, Irving · 6, 11 K Kelvinator plant · 3 Kleinhans, Jacob · 6 Knappen, Stuart · 6 Kusterer, Christopher · 16, 17 R Reed, Ernie · 2, 13, 14 Roosevelt, Alice · 5 Roosevelt, Theodore (President) · 4 Royal, Selena · 10 L Leonard Family · 3 Lynch Family · 1, 2, 3 Lynch, Jeremiah (Grandfather) · 2, 3 Lynch, Timothy (Uncle) · 1 M Manardo, Cole · 14 Marshall, Vice President · 2, 12, 13 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T) · 4 Maude, Louis P. · 17 Michigan Central Railroad · 2 Morrissey Family · 4 Morse, George · 6, 7 Murray Family · 13, 15 Musselman Grocery Company · 6 N Nunamaker, Leslie · 4 S Silver Foam beer · 18, 19 Smith, Senator · 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 Smith, William Alden · 5, 6, 10, 12, 13 St. Alphonsus Church · 3 St. Andrews School · 4, 5, 8, 14 T Tracy, Spencer · 10 U Union Brewery · 17 University of Michigan · 1, 11, 13, 14 W Watson, Senator (Indiana) · 12 Williams, Carroll · 13 �19 Willkie, Wendell · 12 Worden Grocery Company · 6 Wurzburg‟s Department Store · 8 Y Young, Charlie · 8, 9 Z Zupke, Robert · 14 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b61d7840d1ac70b8eba674a8eaa0c739.mp3 ee8a99f2ad5c19b3ad26c124a1407cd8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Local histories Memoirs Michigan--History Oral histories (document genre) Description An account of the resource Taped and transcribed interviews conducted in the early 1970s primarily of the children and grandchildren of many of the founders of Grand Rapids, Michigan; many of whom were residents of the Heritage Hill neighborhood. Interviews were collected to develop a significant collection of oral resources that would supplement other primary and secondary local history materials. Initially funded as a private project, Grand Valley State College (now University) assumed responsibility for continuing the project until 1977. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/452">Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf; audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text; Sound Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1971 - 1977 Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23_18-19Cary Title A name given to the resource Cary, John Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cary, John Description An account of the resource John Cary was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on October 2, 1897. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan--History Local histories Memoirs Oral histories (document genre) Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Grand Valley State University Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf audio/mp3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d8c831118fbf64f6ef2948bfdb903edc.pdf 96436372238ca021672d6d66b41e1681 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historia ecclesiastica tripartita [folium 56] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_056Cassiodorus1472 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cassiodorus, Senator, approximately 487-approximately 580 Description An account of the resource One leaf of Historia ecclesiastica tripartita by Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus. Printed in Augsburg by Johann Schüssler on February 5, 1472. Illustrated with red rubricated initials. [GW 6164; ISTC ic00237000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Augsburg: Johann Schüssler Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1472 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b96b697630424f9dd4a58a306609d3c6.mp4 bf33f91d6ccedfd32e703947e702af94 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/179d07437f4a3b435f085c52c72fd465.pdf b1662da5037402ef5051d9afc9d41e24 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran's History Project Vietnam War Timothy Castora Total Time (00:15: Introduction (00:00:20)  Timothy was born on July 3rd, 1949 and served in the Marine Corps in the Vietnam War (00:00:35)  Timothy was born in Highland Park, Michigan (00:00:54)  His oldest brother served in the Air Force (00:01:24) ◦ Timothy was drafted into the services; he says that the Marine Corps Boot Camp was one of the most humbling experiences one can go through (00:01:41) ◦ He mentions that you had to keep your mouth shut during boot camp and do what you were told or else you would pay the consequences (00:02:21) ◦ Other than some time off on Sunday mornings, Timothy mentions that they trained non-stop all throughout the day (00:03:30) ◦ Some men were punished by doing squat-thrusts until they puked or you ran with your rifle (00:03:55) Vietnam (00:04:20)  Timothy landed in Da Nang, Vietnam; from there he was assigned as a radio operator to the 1st Shore Party Battalion 5th Marines (00:04:45)  He directed helicopters on what to do from re-supply to ammo drops and other things as well (00:05:15) ◦ Timothy says that you made friends while you were there but the relationships weren't that deep because you never knew what would happen (00:07:05) ◦ Overall the combat experience was a very emotional thing to go through and is something that you're not prepared for ever (00:07:52) ▪ Timothy was always writing letters to his friends and family and mentions the military would let them write for free (00:08:42) ▪ He went to Australia and Hawaii on his two leaves and mentions there was only a few places to choose from (00:09:47)  Timothy was at home wondering why the United States wasted around 58,000 lives when the war had ended (00:10:42) Back Home (00:10:42)  Timothy mentions his senses were on the highest alert and he was on a sensory overload when he first came home (00:11:02)  Him and a former military buddy were going bowling and hid under the car after the ran over a milk crate thinking it was some destructive weapon (00:11:46) ◦ He mentions that the vets during Vietnam were not treated like those of today- as they were not treated that well at all (00:12:38) ◦ Timothy tried to get back to work as quickly as he could to adjust to civilian life; he wanted to get back into a routine and decided to go back to school (00:13:46) �◦ The biggest lesson Timothy learned was to love the people that love you the most; he mentions he never appreciated his parents until then (00:14:31) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CastoraT1560V Title A name given to the resource Castora, Timothy (Interview outline and video), 2014 Description An account of the resource Timothy Castora was born on July 3rd, 1949 in Highland Park, Michigan. He was drafted into the Marine Corps during the Vietnam War. He served as a radio operator to the 1st Shore Party Battalion 5th Marines. He directed helicopters on supply drops, ammo drops and medevac services. Timothy came back to the United States wondering why they went to war in the first place and ultimately learned to love those who love you the most from his time in the service. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Castora, Timothy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hagan, Sarah (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine Corps Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-05-10 Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6b4d84f00fdc8cd8de12406995503e38.mp4 4dd7674a909a05ce5621e2639b2bfe3e https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c807b3539897a4a2cef639997f1bea5e.pdf c5ddaec34919cefbda8a7589874da101 PDF Text Text William James College Interviews GV016-16 Interviewer: Barbara Roos Interviewee: Barry Castro Date: 1984 [Barbara] I told you that the students would be among the audience. Was there something you want to be sure to say? [Castro] When I talk to my management classes now, management is a difficult field to teach, in a way, because you've got lots of students who haven't ever been in a managerial context, an ordinary one, haven't been in the industrial context, and they get a bunch of management courses as part of a business curriculum. So, your task is to find some experiential context that they can connect that theoretical material to make it their own. And I like using classroom material for it. One of the major management theories that we talk about is Douglas McGregor's "Theory Y" notion of invoking participation loosely. McGregor argues that it's necessary to assume a willingness to be involved, a willingness to work. That there is no adversarial relationship between work and a firm [?]. And that given that assumption, it will be ill-founded sometimes, but you will get much more happening than if you don't. And it talks about the disastrous consequences of beginning with the opposite assumption. And everybody affirms that, and people read that stuff and they feel "Lord, it's just mom and apple pie, of course that's true." And at around that point I asked them how many of them have heard of the cluster colleges and William James, and Thomas Jefferson, and those places. And it's recent enough so that many of them have. And I say that, you know, that is really what we did, we were pushing on that kind of involvement, all the time, and from ourselves, from students, students doing it to each other. It was what made the place work. But looking at it from the outside, what do you know about it? I guess that's the first thing I ask. And they say: "Well non-graded, one. And two, easy." And we talk about the proclivity to define participative management as soft management by people on the outside of it. So, the resistance you get to any effort to manage in a way that involves subordinates in a way a firm really works is people on outside giggling and saying: "Oh my! Just look at what they're letting them get away with." And when they can find someone who is actually getting away with something, there's a cause for real celebration there. And to say that abstractly is nothing. But to point at the people in my class and say "Look at what you folks are doing," with very little information. But your incentive is so great to interpret what you've got, or to make up information that you don't have, that kind of resistance to managerial innovation, to, I think, good management, needs to be reckon with all the time. And it's the case in point that I use. I think for students and faculty, we were made to order for them. Many of �our students come to school… many students at places like Grand Valley come to school having a notion that if it's hard, it's good, and if it's fun, there's something wrong with it. So, the Board of Education in Grand Rapids, I think, last week passing resolutions saying, "Everybody should have homework." And the City High School, which prides itself on being a quality institution in Grand Rapids, advertises itself as "two hours of homework a night," as if that was the elixir, you know, that was the magic stuff that made it work. And they're onto something about the sociology of your clientele that's right because the clientele are so bound up in that notion that if you involve people, and you let them have fun with it, you're somehow doing it wrong. You're not giving them the real stuff. And I think that was very hard for us to overcome. [Barbara] Could we have overcome it, or did the administration have a responsibility to help us overcome it? Where could this ever have been fought? [Castro] Well, public image-wise, I think we were in much, much better shape for fighting it for the last few years. I think we got to know what we were doing much better. And asking for public… the public has a notion that we're supposed to know what we're doing from scratch. And that were supposed to come in and just do something, all which has been invented, which in any field is absurd, no field I think more absurd than in education. The standard item, the routine stuff, the kinds of classes they are used to… know what they're doing, certainly know better than we do. In my view, often knew less well, they inquired less thoughtfully into what they were doing. The question doesn't come up for them, and folks were… it would be hard to get folks willing to give us the time to be so much above the mark, so they can begin to trust us even though we were out of the ordinary. I don't think there's a lot the administration could have done about that. My neighbors who say "Thomas James" were not reachable by the administration. And they were sophisticated, nice people who like me and think that it must've been a little bit okay because I was there. They don't mean to be putting it down, but they can't get it straight. [Barbara] If you had to sum up what made James unique, very, very briefly, like two or three sentences, what was the thing that was critical? [Castro] Keywords: ambition, involvement, tremendous seriousness about education, and not being caught up in cynicism about careers and making it and looking for things. We talked about vocation all the time, looking for real vocation, and the students who are… I think profit most from the place, were most involved in it and the faculty were most involved in it, had found the vocation there, which was going to be with them the rest of their lives, as far as I can tell. And that seemed enormously valuable to me. [Barbara] That's a wonderful execution. I think we’re running [Inaudible]… yeah, �everything’s fine. Is there an answer… this may be too personal, in which case let’s not treat it as a serious question. Can you phrase why you came to James without laying on a whole biography? What was there in you that readied you for an alternative setting? Why was traditional education not satisfactory? [Castro] Well, I came there… I read an article about it, actually, that just touched on it. Mostly about Grand Valley in general, more about TJC, a little bit about James and change. But I was taken enough with the ambition of what was going on here to write Don Lubbers a letter saying I read this article about your place and I'm interested. And Don passed it on to Adrian and I got invited out for an interview, which was nice. I think the particularities of my own situation is there's nothing… the only problem about personal is I don't know how generalizable it will be. I taught with some very good people when I began teaching who were serious and good about what they did. And I did a kind of extended apprenticeship with them. A historian named Herb Gottman, a sociologist, people who became friends and had been at it longer than me and were very good. And I got a sense that I was going to college over again, only much better this time than I had gone the first time. And that was wonderful, and I wanted to keep on doing that. That stayed with me for a while. Then one of the people I taught with at that first institution got to be dean of faculty at a new branch of CUNY that started in nineteen seventy. And called me and asked if I wanted to organize a social science program there. And it was a wonderful opportunity to invent from scratch an institution. And we did a lot of things wrong in that invention. But I learned a lot at [Inaudible] which was the name of this place at City University and wanted a place to use what I had learned and going to an economics department to do micro, macro and an occasional elective seemed very dreadful, yes. And when I came to James, I think the first… immediately upon coming in, and meeting people, and getting some sense of what the place was about. It was as if I had been here forever. I recognized it and I don't know what folks’ reaction to it – my stance – was, but I never entertained the possibility that they wouldn't hire me at all. I mean it was mine and of course they'd… it belonged to me. And they did what they were supposed to do, but it was very compelling. [Barbara] What would you say, again, not being very specific about current things, but in teaching now… no, it's not a good question, forget it. I’m sorry. Stop for a second. God, he’s looking gorgeous, isn’t he? Its fine, I'll cut through the other stuff. Okay, that's the question we’re on. [Castro] Okay. I want to talk about… [Unknown] That side, yes. Like that, that's… [Castro] The difference between… I've been teaching the last couple years in a business school environment and that seems on first vision… when I first understood that I �would be going to a business school, that was, it certainly felt like it was going to be a very alien environment, it was scary. It has not been an alien environment. The internal dynamics of my classes seem very similar to what went on in James. I am teaching in the same way and I feel that I am being responded to well. In some ways, very well. I am more of a rare commodity teaching at a school of business than I ever was at James. And folks could kind of nod their head when I did what I did at James and they are hearing it all for the first time. [Barbara] Like what? [Castro] Well, the purpose of this class is not information transmission, boom boom, boom, boom, boom. What we’re up to is engaging your thinking and engaging you in a conversation on the one hand with the literature, and on the other hand with the experience, and getting you to see that conversation, and respond to it. And getting smarter. I tell my students that the heart of management, the only two real ingredients of management are being as smart as you can be and good manners. And everything else is detail. It all follows from that. You need to listen to people, and respect them, and you need to think about what you're listening to as hard as you can. It fits in the context of liberal education much better than I think most people either in the humanities or in business schools know. And I’ve discovered a sense of mission about getting people both in the humanities and in the business schools to recognize that. That business schools can be perfectly viable milieus to teach well in. And I think a lot of what business schools are has been a reaction to feeling nasty prejudice coming from humanities. And the kind of thumbing of the nose back at them and turning up of our speakers, or ghetto blasters, or whatever, and just letting it blare out. Because you guys expect us to be doing that anyway, so we're going to let you have it. So, it's been fun to discover that there was something real for me to do in this milieu. And fun also that there were large numbers of students who were there, who I didn't need to go scraping for them, there was support from the outside environment, we didn't need to defend the business school’s right to exist, at all. I could go on to do the work that I needed to do as a teacher, without needing to deflect my energies in all sorts of ways that at James they got deflected. And that's been very exciting. Students have been… they come to my office a lot. People are around, and they're grateful for the kind of thing I've been pushing for. And I’ve very, very, very little resistance. Actually, almost none that I know of… there may have been some that's quiet. I miss the collegiality. I had Robert Mayberry next door to me for ten years at James, and that was extraordinary and wonderful and I miss it. But he's only across a short mall. This not having to worry about Alison Bernstein's double preciousness has been very nice. I'm not in a precious milieu now, I'm just in a business school. And if we can do the stuff we can do in that kind of milieu, that's better. I don't think I could have gotten as good without James, at all. I don't think we could have. I don't know that we can stay as good without it, and I worry about that. And I worry about what's going to generate �more faculty with those same commitments. And my sense is that we have to do it. We have to keep on talking and wait until the next cosmic change happens, right? [Barbara] Wonderful end to the show. Thank you! It was a good close. [Videotape recording ends and begins again] [Barbara] Because also, like, everybody doesn't cover the same material, so it must be clear that this isn't a real… I mean, people didn't get together and talk and organize this. People's conversations do bypass each other a little bit, you know. [Castro] Are you going to get Adrian? [Barbara] Of course. She troubles me. Has she written you? She hasn't written me either. [Castro] She talked to me about three weeks ago. [Barbara] Oh really? [Castro] Where did I see her? Were we in Minneapolis? � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William James College Interviews Description An account of the resource Videotaped interviews of William James College faculty, students and administrators by Barbara Roos. William James College opened in 1971 as the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. Curriculum was organized around three concentrations that were meant to be interdisciplinary career preparation offerings: Social Relations, Administration and Information Management, and Environmental Studies. The college was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Interdisciplinary approach in education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16_GVSU_55_Castro Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Castro, Barry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Barry Castro interview (video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Interview with Barry Castro by Barbara Roos, documenting the history of Grand Valley State's William James College. William James College was the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. The college opened in 1971 and was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley State. Barry Castro was a faculty member of William James College from 1973-1983 before becoming a professor of management for the Seidman School of Business. In this interview, Barry discusses the qualities that made William James College unique and the personal journey that led him to the college, in addition to how the WJC philosophy informs his management courses. This interview is part 1 of 1 for Barry Castro. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c10d98c0f9e1b05cbe6704a77e7a1db5.pdf 30f3cb84839f882d6b4452121933e86a PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Disticha de moribus [folium 60] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_060Cato1475 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cato Description An account of the resource One leaf of Disticha de moribus by Pseudo Cato. Printed in Augsburg by Anton Sorg on November 2, 1475. Illustrated with red rubricated initials. [GW 6277; ISTC ic00292000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Augsburg: Anton Sorg Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1475 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fad0c798313d1d19ba3caecf7eed50db.pdf 01f7a20f9aa8557a7b912086447f8cde PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eposizione del Credo [folium 5] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_005Calvalca1489 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cavalca, Domenico, -1342 Description An account of the resource One leaf of Eposizione del Credo by Domenico Cavalca. Printed in Venice by Peregrinus de Pasqualibus in 1489. [GW 6398; ISTC ic00330000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Venice: Peregrinus de Pasqualbus Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Cavalca, Domenico, -1342 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1489 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cde1d4cf37236c26072e8d8eddcfc075.mp4 a365ef138a9fe3e3f4d5603fe66386be https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a911a5ac02c5ca00f61f250a3936c452.pdf b499ed77e1b6dd0f3945b3b8afb160a8 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Vietnam War Sidney Cavanaugh 1:13:02 Introduction (00:37)            Sid was born on February 8, 1942 in Wilmington, North Carolina, but his family moved to Jacksonville, Florida when he was six years old. He enjoyed playing sports such as football, baseball and track. His step-father owned a Texaco filling station. Sid graduated from high school in 1961. After high school he tried several attempts at going to college, but kept flunking out. Later, he went to University of Houston where he made the track team, but again flunked out because of his poor academic status. While in Texas, he received his draft notice and had to return home to Jacksonville. When he turned 18, he registered with the Selective Service, and was given his initial physical while still in Florida. His draft notice arrived in December 1963, and he had to report in, in January. (2:18) At that point, Sid did not pay attention to world affairs and had no idea what was happening in Vietnam. He remembers the assassination of President Kennedy and was angry, but knew he couldn‟t do anything about it. Basic Training (3:00)         Sid was processed at the Naval Air Station in Jacksonville and was sent to Fort Jackson, South Carolina to begin basic training for the United States Army. The platoon that Sid was in was unique because it consisted of many college guys, versus the average platoon made up of high school dropouts or high school graduates. His Lieutenant in training was Lt. Taylor, son of General [Maxwell] Taylor, both graduates of West Point. Lt. Taylor was very competitive and they won every competition while in basic training. Sid did well in basic and loved it there. He attained the highest rank possible while there and was given all the top choices for schools. When he went to AIT (Advanced Infantry Training) he went to communications school and studied crypto. Shortly after, he become a lifeguard at the Officers club, and also became a waiter, which allowed him to eat better and meet nice girls. While stationed at Fort Chaffee he heard about a Football program started at Fort Sill, Oklahoma and he was given a transfer to go and play. Back in basic training, the discipline was high, because of Lt. Taylor. Sid was also older than most of the other men, he being 21 years old. �   His Executive Officer was an athlete himself, and motivated his men to be the same. Sid learned from him to never leave a man behind. (5:24) Most of the men in his platoon were draftees, with a couple of college graduates who simply wanted to do their two years and go home. They had one black guy, who was a librarian at the Philadelphia Library. Basic training lasted eight weeks. Advanced Infantry Training (6:27)        AIT was at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, which was closed but reopened and given a skeleton crew to run it. While there, they started a Crypto school. He did not make it into the actual language course, but was instead given a security clearance to work in the building as a guard. He also went to Wireman‟s school on the side. Sid was there for 8-10 weeks. AIT was a lot less structured than basic training, and was more like a job. AIT also had very little physical exercise involved when compared to basic training. Fort Chaffee was located in the hills near Fort Smith and was not close to any towns that he could go to while not on duty. Fort Sill (8:00)             Sid was sent to Fort Sill to try out for the football team there. 285 men tried out and Sid was the smallest one there, but he made the team and played first string free safety and „monster man‟ which was a position that just roamed all over and no one knew what he was going to do. When not playing football, Sid was assigned to a 155mm Howitzer unit, and was a radio operator to forward command. He worked with the men training in artillery there, and Sid performed communications jobs involved with the training. It was also at Fort Sill that Sid worked as a lifeguard and waiter at the Officer‟s Club. Sid was there from the fall of 1964 into 1965. (10:52) The football team was disbanded, and the men had to choose different jobs. Only seven enlisted men were on the team. Sid was told to choose three schools he would like to attend, he chose: Special Forces, Rangers and Aviation. He was given Aviation. He was put on a Mojave Helicopter, which was obsolete at that time and was trained to be a crew chief. After the school was over, he was sent home for a fifteen day leave. When he came back to Fort Sill after his leave, they were placed on a train and sent to San Francisco. From there he was placed on the USS Gordon, and 29 days later he arrived in Vietnam. Vietnam (11:53)  When he left the states, he was assigned to the 2/17th Artillery 155 Howitzer, because there was not an aviation unit for him to join. �               The ship voyage was rough and everyone got sick. Sid grew up on the water in Florida, so he was not bothered at all. The USS Gordon was a 1942 troop carrier, designed to hold 5,200 troops with their gear. (13:26) The bunks on the ship were stacked eight high. On the ship, Sid ran into a colonel that he knew from playing football. Sid showed him where he was sleeping and the colonel told him he would try to find a cot for him. He was then moved topside where he had his own bunk for the last fourteen days of the trip. The ship was escorted by two submarines. They arrived at Qui Nhon Bay at 3am, and Sid went out on deck and was hit with a putrid decay smell. He quickly ran downstairs and found some Vicks and put it his nose to hide the smell. (15:29) The smell was from the oil that the locals cook with, which had a rancid smell. Sid and the rest of the 5,200 men on ship climbed down rope ladders into waiting WWII landing craft. They landed without weapons, and when they were passed out the serial numbers were not taken. They were issued M-14‟s with no rounds, but were later issued five rounds each. (18:14) They were all loaded into dump trucks and taken inland. While driving, a pair of P-38 trainers being operated by ARVN pilots flew by and crashed right in front of Sid. When they got to An Khe the men were told to dig in, so they did. They thought it was just them and the VC, but the 101st was already in front of them. At about midnight, one round went off and the rest of the line opened fire. Come morning, they found only a water buffalo that had been killed. (20:00) At the time, Sid knew that the French had been involved in Vietnam, but was not familiar with the politics of the area. Sid just wanted to stop the spread of communism, but once he got there, he wanted to fight for the people. The day after the buffalo shoot, the men were tasked with chopping jungle to make a runway for landing helicopters. They used their entrenching tools until Sid suggested that they go into town and buy machetes. Later the Corps of Engineers brought axes and other tools. The Corps also brought in bulldozers and cleared the area. (22:28) While that work was being done, Sid was picked up by a helicopter and taken back to the 2/17th 155 Howitzer unit to function as a radio operator. They operated on a 24 hour sortie, and every fifteen minutes each of the six guns would fire. It was impossible to sleep. He was then taken back to An Khe and was made a door gunner trainer for the 2/20th Artillery on a Huey Helicopter. (24:22) Initially, the door gunners did not have tethers or harnesses, and had to hold on to whatever they could. After two men were killed from falling out, tethers were issued to the helicopters. 1st Air Cavalry (24:59)  Sid‟s helicopter was called a Hog Ship, which was a shorter version of the Huey that was armed with 24 rockets on each side. The door gunners often sat on the rocket pods while in flight. �          The first mission Sid went on was to fly to a mountain and shoot it. So they did and when they came back they were given their yellow patch which was taken away from the 1st Cavalry in Korea. The patch was later dyed black, so it was not as much as a target as the big yellow patch was. (26:25) Sid physically arrived in Vietnam in August 1965. The first month there he was with the artillery unit, and then he was switched over to the aerial artillery unit. The gunners at that time were not assigned to a particular craft, they floated around. Sid‟s officer, Warrant Officer Weatherspoon, was the pilot that called him most often because he was the oldest gunner there. (28:39) They used to practice firing wire guided rockets, and Sid helped teach pilots how to fly at night by instruments. Weatherspoon had a friend that was British and he liked to drink tea, so the crew would fly and pick up tea and deliver it to him. As soon as Sid was placed with the aerial unit, he was a gunnery instructor. (30:37) The first test that all door gunners were given was to fly the helicopter up to 5,000 feet and then drop it down to test their stomachs. Many men dropped out of the program after that. Door gunners were also given a $50 bonus each month. Occasional ground fire would come in, which would simply sound like a loud pop to the crew. Once, while flying at about 200 feet through a „no-fire‟ zone heading to Play Ku, Sid was watching the hillside and a VC opened a trap door and fired two shots with a .51 caliber machine gun. He returned fire, and the captain yelled to stop shooting because they were in a „no-fire‟ zone. That was Sid‟s first visual contact with the VC. (32:46) NBC came and mounted cameras on the helicopter and they fired their weapons and rockets at a mountain that had already been secured. Later, that footage was placed in a documentary and was made to look like it was actual combat. (34:33) Ia Drang Valley (34:50)      While in An Khe, they were told to hurry to Pleiku. So they loaded up and went over. The ground troops had already landed at Ia Drang, but had not yet been over run. They were requested fire support. When they flew in, Sid could see men running everywhere and they could not tell where the Americans were. Six helicopters flew in and unloaded their weapons, then returned to base, re-armed and re-fueled and went back again. When they got back, night had fallen and they were walked on target by radio. They flew those missions all night. Come morning, bodies were everywhere and Sid flew in a holding pattern circling above the battlefield. (36:31) The attack was regimented, because artillery was coming in, B-52‟s were conducting aerial bombing, the helicopters were coming in, and everything was fairly well orchestrated. One thing they learned while there, was that you could not effectively fire more than two rockets at one time. Firing all 48 rockets at once would cause the aircraft to be sent back about a hundred yards from the force of the rocket engines going off. (38:51) �         As a door gunner, the backlash of the rockets going off was bad, which made them either close the doors before the rockets were launched, or later they were given helmets with blast shields that could be lowered to protect their eyes. Operations lasted there for about twenty to twenty five days. They were constantly operating on four hour shifts and even to this day, Sid can sleep under almost any conditions, which has stayed with him ever since the war. (40:25) While attacking villages or other targets, the helicopter had to slow down and come in at a low altitude, making it vulnerable. The crew chief would fire at targets on the left, while the door gunner would fire to the right. When they took off from the area, both men shot to the back to provide rear security. This was before gun mounts and other things were implemented, Sid and the other men were guinea pigs. When Sid first got to country, the gunners did not have harnesses, once they did get them, they were fourteen feet long. Sid fell out while wearing his harness and was dangling below the skids. It took a few minutes for the rest of the crew to realize he was gone and they pulled him up. (42:19) Later, the tethers were sewed together to shorten them so the men could only go to the skids. After the first day at Ia Drang, Sid‟s helicopter received thirty two shots to the blades and body, none of which were critical. The one target that they worried about on the aircraft was the transmission. Once that got hit, you went down. One day Sid was flying with a crew chief named John who was older than him and they took incoming fire from the ground. John panicked and Sid had to punch him to calm him down. R&R (44:17)       Sid was given a seven day R&R to Saigon because of the combat hours that he had. The city was described as a „big city filled with Vietnamese people‟. At the time, the men were not allowed to carry weapons in Saigon, so Sid concealed a pistol in a holster under his arm because he refused to be unarmed. While there, he met a woman who let them stay at her house because all the hotels were filled. Later, he found out that the area where he was staying was filled with VC tunnels. R&R at Saigon was rare later on, most men were sent to Bangkok or someplace else out of country. Sid too was supposed to go to Bangkok, but they could not get a flight so they stayed in Saigon. (46:20) Shot Down (46:42)   Between Pleiku and Plei Me, they took some ground fire and were going down. Sid grabbed his M-60 and attempted to jump off the skids but misjudged the distance, which threw him up into the door and paralyzed him. The pilots ran up and took out the radios and destroyed the sensitive components. Five or six holes were found in the helicopter later and they found out that a hydraulic line had been hit. �         The hit on Sid‟s back compounded his spinal cord, which sent him to a medical tent for three or four days before he started to get feeling back in his toes. Eventually he regained full strength and was sent to An Khe by Sergeant Henderson to get laid. (48:50) Sid found the prettiest girl that he wanted, and he started screaming while having sexual intercourse. When he ejaculated, the intensity of the muscles would swell around his spinal cord and would paralyze him again for about twenty or thirty seconds. At the doctor, he was given a large bottle of muscle relaxers and only had fifteen days left in country. Sid was told that he did not have to fly anymore if he did not want to. He did want to fly, just not in combat. So, he flew routine supply missions. (50:05) Before he left, he was asked to re-enlist, but he chose to go home. His draft date was up, that is why he did not stay in country the full year like most other draftees. While Sid was with the 2/20th, they only lost two helicopters, including his that was shot down. They were watching helicopters practicing troop drop off maneuvers and saw two aircraft collide and crash. Eight men were killed. As a door gunner with an aerial unit, they were not trained in jungle warfare like the grunts were. So being shot down was very scary because they did not know what to do. (52:50) The stress and fear from the deployment caused Sid‟s hair to turn from black to gray in seven months. The memories of the war are still vivid with him and he wonders why people always say “Why can‟t they just be normal?” Back in the States (55:02)           Sid was loaded into a C-130 as he left, his First Sergeant said, “I hate to lose you”. When he got off the C-130 in Saigon, they were locked in chain-link fence staging areas. They made him feel like a prisoner. The next day the men going home boarded a 707 and were treated terribly. They landed in San Francisco and they were given a debriefing by a lieutenant. Sid stood up and said that he was an American soldier and didn‟t like being treated like a prisoner. He was promptly hauled away by the MP‟s. (57:25) Sid told them that he wanted to go to the hospital, there he told the doctor that he had a bad back and every time he had sex he couldn‟t move. He was told to leave and check in with the VA when he got home. The next day he was given a plane ticket and took a taxi to the San Francisco Airport where flew back to Jacksonville. He made a mistake by wearing his uniform, because of the protestors that hated the war. They took their anger out on the vets coming home. When he got home, he was not able to get help from the VA. (59:20) Sid went to work with the Florida East Coast Railroad. They made him the assistant terminal manager at Cocoa Beach, Florida. After being there for a week, the manager had a heart attack and died. Sid was sent back to Jacksonville and worked as a conductor. After that he got a job with Bristol Meyers. �Looking Back (1:00:54)                  One memory that Sid remembered were all the tunnels in Vietnam, and on one occasion they were flying missions supporting an infantry unit that had to clear them out. Over the days they were there, the „tunnel rats‟ pulled out thousands and thousands of weapons and ammunition out of the tunnels. The mission lasted two days. Another time they discovered an underground hospital. Sid flew over as support while it was dismantled and destroyed. The Vietnamese were very ingenious and inventive and were smart. It amazed him how they could do so much with so little. (1:02:25) Sid is planning a 21 day trip back to Vietnam to see if he can meet any of the people that he knew while there. One person he remembers was a young girl who he discovered was being raped by a black soldier. Sid stuck his M-16 in his ear and told him to get off her. The man said “Aw, come on man, what you talking about, she‟s just a gook” and Sid replied, “No, she‟s a person”. Even today, he has tremendous respect for human life. Sid learned in the service that „nothing lasts forever‟, and also „don‟t trust anybody‟.(1:04:45) Sid also gained a large amount of discipline from his military service. He is also an alcoholic, but has discipline about how he does it. He also has tinnitis in his ears from all of the rockets, machine guns and artillery fire. When he first came home he tried to kill himself twice, luckily it didn‟t work. After therapy, and meeting his wife, he is very happy. Sid has also struggled with authority and has been thrown in jail many times because he felt he was being treated unfairly by police officers. That‟s why he wanted to be rich or else he would have been in prison. (1:07:55) Sid built a janitorial company that hired immigrants, mostly Hispanics. Six years ago, Sid started a service company that fixes floor cleaning machines and is the largest Wal-Mart vendor in the world. Thinking back to the ship ride over to Vietnam, Sid remembers two E-6‟s talking on the deck, and he heard one say “I‟m not coming back”; which made him first realize he did not know what to expect in Vietnam. (1:09:54) Sid was a hustler in the military and he learned how to live well there and took all the bad things and said, “That‟s what I‟m not going to be like.” Today, he refuses to take pills, instead he drinks. Going sober for three days sometimes is hard. He is also on the Agent Orange registry and goes in once a year for a cancer screening. (1:12:09) He feels that the VA has killed many veterans by filling them with pills. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cavanaugh, Sidney Jr. (Interview outline and video), 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cavanaugh, Sidney Jr. Description An account of the resource Sidney Cavanaugh was born in Wilmington, North Carolina in 1942 and later moved down to Jacksonville, Florida. After graduating from high school in 1961, he tried going to college several times. He was drafted into the United States Army in 1964. He trained as a radio operator for the 2/17th Artillery 155 Howitzer out of Fort Sill, Oklahoma. He also was trained as a crew chief on a Mojave Helicopter. When he was sent to Vietnam, he was made a door gunner on a Huey Hog Ship with the 2/20th artillery, 1st Air Cavalry Division, and participated in the Battle of Ia Drang in November 1965. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-08-15 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CavanaughS1492V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0646bf48ebc51c51dd859d45accdca6b.mp4 a303a9b4897ebf508c85ca309c54ffda https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/45d319dc53d8ad926b81a5f22807884a.pdf 7ff95f29a1f6dea7b5dc599434fae2af PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Harold Caver (38:24:09) Before The War 00:43:27served in the Marine Corps during WWII, in the Pacific 00:58:03Cavner attended Grand Rapids South High School 01:04:05on the day of the Pearl Harbor attack: he was having Sunday dinner 01:10:18he joined the Marine Corps in 1943; he enlisted, volunteered, to "beat the draft" Boot Camp 02:06:02there were “a lot of wild stories about how rough the boot camp was,” but he did not think it was that rough an he had a “good time” in boot camp; 02:20:25how did he get through it: he kept his "nose clean" 02:39:25he trained in San Diego; then he was sent to the Remington Navy Yard in Bremerton , WA; from there, he went to a navy supply depot in Spokane, WA; from there, to Camp Pendleton, CA; there, he got on a ship and sailed to Hawaii, where he had six months of training In Action 03:27:05he saw combat, and there were many casualties in his unit; he fought on Saipan, Tinian, and Okinawa 04:07:02he was not a POW, and did not win any medals or citations 04:21:28he communicated with his family back home by “V-mail”; "to cut down on the space it took to mail all these letters" they were photographed, and the soldiers received reduced-size pictures of their letters 04:45:25the food was "pretty good most of the time" and they had they had plenty of supplies 05:19:25entertainment: they played cards, played poker 05:30:06was he afraid?: "on occasion" 06:18:23regarding the officers and enlisted men: "most of them were good people" After The War 06:52:29Cavner got a job, went to college—GRJC (GRCC now), and Michigan State University, on the GI Bill 07:15:29he still sees a close friend he made while in the military, who lives in Jackson, MI—he sees him once a year 07:31:19he was in the VFW for a while, and is in the American Legion now [at the time of the interview] 07:49:12he took forestry in college, but did not follow through with it; he went into the lumber business, retail and wholesale 08:12:15his military experience has not influenced his thinking about war, or his thinking about the military in general, in any particular way �08:23:03he has never been to any military reunions 08:31:25how the military has affected his life: "the only big change I got out of it was I went to college"; he never thought about it [the military] after the war More On His Military Experiences 09:05:09how he got to the rank of sergeant: there were a lot reasons that people advanced in the service, one of which was that a lot of people got killed and they had to “make corporals and sergeants” to fill the voids 09:29:29he was one of the occupation troops in Nagasaki, Japan after the war; he patrolled the area looking for gun caches 10:02:15what Cavner would like the students in the audience today [during the interview] and people who will see the interview in the future to remember: “give ‘em a better idea of what happened”; “a lot of people have never heard of those places” [referring to Saipan, Tinian, Okinawa, and Nagasaki] 10:42:03the terrain in Nagasaki after the A-bomb was bombed: flat, around the port where they had landed; an aircraft factory nearby was a "steel skeleton"; people were just coming back into town 11:56:29recently his sons heard somewhere that 2nd Division veterans [Cavner had been in the 2nd Marine Division] were being tested for radiation and “they were getting claims” 12:26:29he was tested over a period of year or longer: he sent “gallons of urine” to a lab ƒ the first test indicated some radiation ƒ “they asked to do it all over again,” and it was then determined that there was not enough radiation in his system to worry about 13:47:04Cavner was on Saipan when the second A-bomb went off [Nagasaki] 15:04:19he rode on an LST carrying amphibious trackers, from Hawaii to Saipan; he returned to Hawaii on an ocean liner; he went to Hawaii the first time on “a little aircraft carrier” 16:48:13no boats he was on were hit by Kamikazes: they were too far away from Japan at the time; they “steamed into Okinawa” during the night and left during the day 17:54:25all the while he was on Saipan they moved forward "all the time" ƒ sometimes they hit the enemy, sometimes they did not; sometimes they did not fire a shot 19:05:10he is sure some of the guys looted corpses—he ended up with a couple of empty wallets 20:12:05he has a Japanese rifle and a Japanese saber he picked up in Nagasaki 21:02:19he hurt his knee, but otherwise never got sick 21:23:29Saipon was all jungle ƒ they went up the middle of that island, all mountains ƒ he did not see any animals in the jungle, though he thinks someone shot a deer one time ƒ going through the jungle, one could see perhaps ten feet in from of oneself; if somebody was waiting for you, "they got a shot at you before you even see 'em" �ƒ he never had the experience of having Japanese suddenly jump out at him 23:55:26after the island had been secured, he thinks it was Saipan, they were out on patrol and at one point he got down on one knee, parted the foliage and saw a Japanese soldier standing there “lookin’ right at me”; Cavner thought he [the Japanese] had a rifle, shot him and killed him—“but he could have shot me” 24:53:08they used to go out patrol at night on Tinian; they set up the patrol, a “series of fox holes” by a road, and “every night they’d [the Japanese] come marching through there”; “we [the Americans] were doin’ the shootin in the dark”—the bullets were going across to where other American units were camped; night after night they set up this patrol and sat there waiting for them—it was along a favorite path of the Japanese 26:37:03in the final battle on Saipan, the Japanese were getting “all drugged up and just charging”; Cavner himself was not involved in any "Banzai" charges; the Japanese just “came charging” at the Americans, who killed most of them 27:21:23he never went through any land mine fields 28:09:20he had a friend in South Carolina that called him on the phone once, they had phone conversations for a couple of years, then lost contact and Cavner thought he had died; he has a friend [mentioned earlier] from Jackson, who now [at the time of the interview] lives in Florida Fighting The Japanese 30:10:08there was a tank battle on Saipan that Cavner was not involved in; the Japanese tanks were "like tin cans compared to what we had" but they “charged the [American] lines with tanks and troops” 31:25:19Cavner thinks he personally killed very few Japanese soldiers during the war 32:08:27earlier in the war, “very few” Japanese soldiers surrendered ƒ on Okinawa, they [the Japanese] "started surrendering" in groups—they preferred suicide to surrender ƒ on Saipan, the [Japanese] troops were “pushed” toward one end of the island, where they jumped over a cliff; women threw their children over and jumped after them; they believed that the Americans were “barbarians” who would torture them 33:22:27Japanese soldiers who surrendered were sent back behind the American lines "somewhere" 33:50:15Cavner never saw anyone [American] shoot Japanese captives 34:08:03on Tinian, he himself was sent over a tall cliff, down a rope ƒ they searched in some caves at the bottom, with navy [American] ships in the water pointed in their direction ƒ "I'm not a mountain climber" All Three Sons In The Military 36:39:06Cavner never talked to his parents about it, but wishes he had, how they had “put up with” three boys in the family all in the service ƒ Cavner and his two brothers were all in the service: one in the navy, one in the marines, one in the air force—they all survived the war ƒ the oldest brother flew sixty-six missions over France and Germany in a �B26 bomber; Cavner’s younger brother was on a small aircraft carrier that had patrol duty where there was “submarine fighting” in the Atlantic; the younger brother was sunk once but survived it Conclusion 38:09:27he asked the two [there may have been a third, on occasion] high school students who were interviewing him what grade they were in: tenth 38:24:09“you’ve probably never heard of South High School,” [Cavner, to his interviewers] in Grand Rapids, on the corner of Jefferson and Hall streets; it is still there, but no longer a school � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cavner, Harold L. (Interview outline and video), 2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cavner, Harold L Description An account of the resource Harold Cavner joined the US Marine Corps in 1943. He was on Saipan, Tinian, and Okinawa, and was one of the occupation troops in Nagasaki after the war, after the atomic bomb had been dropped there. Back in the United States, he attended Grand Rapids Junior College (now GRCC) and Michigan State University. His career was in the retail and wholesale lumber business. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. Pierre, Arielle (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Marine Corps World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-12-10 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CavnerH Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/af7025e54dacf4f27c1ec88f181bdfca.mp4 64f55b257c22fe54920e01f220f7ce1e https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fb0761b97dea8e08f0d4b649e2c78eb1.pdf 72068e9ade6bd739ac2eff91c8ccba8b PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Ray Cebulski (00:26:15) Introduction (00:12) • Cebulski was born in 1944. The oldest of three brothers and a sister, he lived in a multi-ethnic neighborhood in Connecticut. Cekulski attended Georgetown University. Enlistment and Training. (1:30) • Enlisted while at Georgetown because he had a low draft number so that he could pick the branch of service he went into. Chose the Navy because it seemed interesting and challenging. Went in initially as a reserve officer and was trained at Pensacola, FL, then trained in a variety of aircraft in Georgia, Texas, and California before going to the Fleet Replacement Squadron at Whibley Island in Washington for final training in the aircraft he was to fly. Vietnam (3:55) • Served in Air Wing 17 aboard the USS Kittyhawk flying the A-6. Carriers would deploy to Vietnam for one year at a time. Mostly flew night interdiction missions to stop flow of supplies into North Vietnam, looking for trucks, trains, and bridges. • Cebulski describes life on a carrier for a combat pilot, flying two or three sorties a day for 30-50 days at a time. When not flying his responsibilities included being in charge of the avionics technicians for the ship and training on anti-missile aircraft. (5:00) • Didn’t really have time to do anything for fun between flying and other duties. Made lot of good friends in the service, including one of the Challenger pilots and author Stephan Coonts. (7:25) • Flew around 200 combat missions. Had to pick up slack when an A-7 squadron had problems with the bearings in the engines. Talks about flight operations on a carrier and flying at the end of the Tet Offensive. (8:52) • Cebulski was the CTF mining officer. Russians, English, French and Chinese were sending supplies to North Vietnam. When President Nixon ordered the mining of North Vietnamese ports, the admiral in charge didn’t know who the mining officer was, and ended up sending for a more senior officer than Cekulski to draw up the plans (11:33) �• Cebulski talks in detail about night interdiction missions, flying low and evading enemy SAMs and fighters. (13:06) After the War (16:41) • Got a job as a sales representative for a medical supply company in Washington and was sent to Michigan. Cebulski became an executive in that company. Cebulski started his own business in 1986 from which he semi-retired in 1997. In 2005 Cebulski came back to do consulting with his old company. • Cebulski credits his military experiences with giving him the discipline and motivation to succeed in business. When he was in charge of division of avionics technicians, he had officers senior to him report to him. (19:25) • For his last two years of service, Cebulski flew with the Fleet Replacement Squadron training new pilots, which was considered a plum assignment. The commander of his unit would later become the vice-admiral in charge of Navy fliers. (22:45) • Cebulski would reinstate draft or make 2 years of military service compulsory. Compares radical Islamists to the fascists in 1939. Think Americans are ignorant of threats in the world. (24:20) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cebulski, Raymond (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cebulski, Raymond Description An account of the resource Ray Cebulski served aboard the USS Kittyhawk as an A-6 pilot during the Vietnam War. In this interview Cebulski describes day-to-day life for a bomber pilot aboard a carrier, additional duties he had, night interdiction missions into North Vietnam, and some of the people that he served with. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kammeraad, Colin (Interviewer) Dice, Justin (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Navy Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-03 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CebulskiR Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/24b8796cb9c01542db3cecb4c790bc3f.jpg 4e6dc08199d89eef3d39b490649b2f83 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Believing and Belonging on Campus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Interfaith Photovoice Description An account of the resource During the 2024 Winter semester at GVSU, the Kaufman Interfaith Institute and Interfaith Photovoice hosted nine students from different religious, spiritual, and secular backgrounds for a semester-long cohort centered on storytelling. By using predominantly mobile-phone photography, these students explored what it meant to believe and belong on campus and in the greater West Michigan community. This project was designed to help capture their experiences and stories, to enable them to find their voice through photography. The cohort culminated in an exhibition displayed on multiple GVSU campuses and curated by the students around three self-selected themes: Religious & Spiritual Practices, Barriers to Belonging, and Creating Welcoming Spaces. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource College students Belonging Hinduism Islam Judaism Students, Foreign LGBTQ+ people Orthodox Eastern Church Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Relation A related resource Believing and Belonging on Campus: An Interfaith Photovoice Project (project) Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2024-Kaufman-Exhibit-22 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cecelia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Title A name given to the resource Creating Welcoming Spaces 4 Description An account of the resource This photo was of a retreat with other Orthodox Christian college students from around the Midwest. This was a lovely retreat because I felt rather self-confident and secure in my own identity. When I looked at this puzzle, I realized each individual piece had to be complete in order to fit and belong to the larger whole. Perhaps we must also belong within our own completeness which would allow us to belong to a larger whole. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute (exhibitor) Subject The topic of the resource Orthodox Eastern Church College students Belonging Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Kaufman Interfaith Institute Relation A related resource Believing and Belonging on Campus: An Interfaith Photovoice Project (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b936cb2817bb7978785e38b14dcdc638.jpg be34098bd84e782e8ba92ae1ce343b3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Believing and Belonging on Campus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Interfaith Photovoice Description An account of the resource During the 2024 Winter semester at GVSU, the Kaufman Interfaith Institute and Interfaith Photovoice hosted nine students from different religious, spiritual, and secular backgrounds for a semester-long cohort centered on storytelling. By using predominantly mobile-phone photography, these students explored what it meant to believe and belong on campus and in the greater West Michigan community. This project was designed to help capture their experiences and stories, to enable them to find their voice through photography. The cohort culminated in an exhibition displayed on multiple GVSU campuses and curated by the students around three self-selected themes: Religious & Spiritual Practices, Barriers to Belonging, and Creating Welcoming Spaces. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource College students Belonging Hinduism Islam Judaism Students, Foreign LGBTQ+ people Orthodox Eastern Church Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Relation A related resource Believing and Belonging on Campus: An Interfaith Photovoice Project (project) Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2024-Kaufman-Exhibit-6 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cecelia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Title A name given to the resource Religious & Spiritual Practices 6 Description An account of the resource Through Interfaith Photovoice, I was part of many conversations about belonging. Where do I belong or have a home? Lenten bouquets are not an official tradition within the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Christian tradition that I practice, but the color purple is liturgically the color for the time of Lent. While I have been so rooted and comforted to know and believe I belong within my faith and God, that I have a home in those spaces, it occurred to me that I might also make a space for God to have a home within me and my space. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute (exhibitor) Subject The topic of the resource Orthodox Eastern Church College students Belonging Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Kaufman Interfaith Institute Relation A related resource Believing and Belonging on Campus: An Interfaith Photovoice Project (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ee0884bb3b28ca57703bc64dfc46900d.pdf c21d4e7d6e1c0773ace136a1c6f4da57 PDF Text Text Centerville Township Master Plan .. :,. - --- Published 2014 Centerville Township Planning Commission Cedar, Leelanau County, Michigan 49621 www.leelanau.cc/centervilletwp.asp �2014 Centerville Township Master Plan Leelanau County, Michigan Acknowledgements Thanks to the following individuals for their participation and engagement during this project. Participants Centerville Township Planning Commission: Tim Johnson, Chair Mike Scharpf, Vice Chair Molly Hyde, Secretary Jim Schwantes, Board Rep Gerald Laskey Centerville Township Board: Leonard Kelenski, Supervisor David D. Wurm, Clerk Katrina Pleva, Treasurer Jim Schwantes, Trustee Fred Peplinski, Trustee Assisted by: Annette Kleinschmit Special Thanks Leelanau County Planning & Community Development Leelanau Conservancy Carolyn Weed Adopted Planning Commission: February 25, 2014 Township Board: April 9, 2014 i �Centerville Township Master Plan Update Table of Contents Title Page i Table of Contents ii Timeline iii Chapters: 1. Introduction 1-1 2. Township Social and Economic Characteristics 2-1 3. Natural Resources 3-1 4. Existing Land Use 4-1 5. Community Services, Facilities, and Transportation 5-1 6. Significant Land Use Issues 6-1 7. Community Vision, Goals and Objectives 7-1 8. Future Land Use Recommendations 8-1 9. Implementation Strategies and Plan Adoption 9-1 10 Appendix A – Citizen Survey Findings 10-1 Table of Contents Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page ii �2014 Centerville Township Master Plan Leelanau County, Michigan Timeline  1996: Centerville Township’s first Master Plan was enacted.  2005: The Master Plan was updated.  2010: o July: The Planning Commission moved to update the current Master Plan. o July – November: The Planning Commission created a citizen survey and hired a consultant to update the Master Plan. o December: Citizen surveys were mailed.  2011: o January – March: Citizen surveys were collected and tabulated. o July: The Planning Commission held a public hearing to review the results of the citizen surveys. o August – October: The consultant prepared a draft Master Plan. o November: The Planning Commission received Chapters 1 & 2 of the draft Master Plan for review.  2012: o February: The Planning Commission received additional chapters of the draft Master Plan for review. o April: The Planning Commission began review of the draft Master Plan. o May – July 2013: The Planning Commission extensively reviewed the draft Master Plan.  2013: o August: The Planning Commission held a public hearing to review the final draft Master Plan. o September: The Township Board gave approval to proceed with the review process. o October: Copies of the draft MP mailed to adjacent townships (Elmwood, Bingham, Suttons Bay, Leland, Cleveland and Solon), Leelanau County Planning Department, Leelanau County Road Commission, Lake Leelanau Lake Association and local utilities last week to gather feedback.  2014: o January: The Planning Commission reviewed feedback from adjacent townships and the Leelanau County Planning Department and the township’s attorney. o February: The Planning Commission forwards draft Master Plan to the Township Board for their review with a recommendation to approve it. o April: The Centerville Township Board approved the Master Plan. Timeline Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 Page iii �Chapter 1: Introduction This Master Plan for Centerville Township takes into account and expands upon the Comprehensive Plan of 2005 which it replaces. It was originally prepared according to the provisions of the Township Planning Act, Act 168 of 1959, as amended, and most recently the Michigan Planning Enabling Act, Act 33, of 2008, as amended. This plan describes in a comprehensive and careful manner the current land use patterns of Centerville Township, the changes that are taking place, and the means to manage these patterns of change so that the future of Centerville Township reflects the desires and goals of the residents of the township. The plan provides long range comprehensive guidelines for public and private decision making. This plan provides the basis for the adoption of Zoning Ordinances to implement the plan and may also provide the basis for capital improvement expenditures and other governmental decisions as well as decisions by private citizens. Existing ordinances will be revised as required to reflect the guidelines of this plan. 1.1 Plan Development Process Centerville Township participated in the county-wide process to create and, more recently, update the Leelanau General Plan. This process is aimed at maximum public participation in developing growth management policy guidelines and to assist local governments in their planning efforts. Thus the information gathered and compiled for the county-wide process was considered and utilized as appropriate in the development of this Centerville Township Master Plan. The Centerville Township Planning Commission prepared this Master Plan, with assistance from Cypher Group Inc. Public input was sought throughout the process, through a Centerville Township Property Owners Survey of 2011 (2011 Survey), and a series of public information sessions. The public input efforts aided in establishing the land use goals and objectives of citizens and property owners in the township. Additional public meetings were held to identify and review proposed land use policies promoted in this plan before the adoption process began. Many of the data and technical concepts in this plan are derived from county and state sources. While care has been taken to honor township prerogatives, the consideration of the county planning umbrella has the added advantage of linking all local governments in coordinated planning for the Leelanau Peninsula. After describing the township as it is today, the plan covers trends and citizen inputs providing the basis for revised development policies, new goals and objectives, and growth management techniques. This plan is intended to be a guide for years to come; however, it will be reviewed at least every five years and updated as necessary. Chapter 1: Introduction Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 1-1 �1.2 Regional Context The Leelanau Peninsula is located in northwestern lower Michigan and is sometimes referred to as the "little finger" of the state. Another term widely used in describing the area is “The Land of Delight.” It is bordered on the north and west by Lake Michigan and on the east by Grand Traverse Bay. Leelanau County is the Leelanau Peninsula and is bordered on the south by Benzie County and Grand Traverse County. Centerville Township is located in the central area of the Leelanau Peninsula. The county is about three-fourths open land or woodland with agricultural and low density rural residential areas. Over ten percent of the county is occupied by the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, which includes the northwest corner of the township. Figure 1-1 provides a location map of Leelanau County and Centerville Township. 1.3 General Character Centerville Township borders a small portion of Lake Michigan along Good Harbor Bay and has almost eight (8) miles of shoreline along the western side of Lake Leelanau. The topography consists of orchards, wetlands, woodlands and rolling hills with spectacular views of lakes and the surrounding countryside. This is a rural township where the majority of land consists of wooded or vacant fields. There are large acreages planted in fruit trees and other crops which provide a pastoral character to the township and contribute significantly to the local economy. Working farms, primarily cherry and apple orchards, and also some row crops, cover major areas of the township. In recent years, several vineyards have been established. Agricultural uses are dictated by generally poor soil types, but the unique geography of the region provides micro environments which support fruit growing. Development is largely residential, with a preponderance of single-family homes around the Sugar Loaf area and on the shore of Lake Leelanau and Lake Michigan. Some large tracts of waterfront property remain undeveloped along the western shore of Lake Leelanau. These areas include farmland and low lands. Many miles of shoreline along Lake Leelanau and Lake Michigan’s Good Harbor Bay make Centerville Township a very desirable place to live and a substantial number of people come to visit on a seasonal basis. Winter sports activities, hunting and fishing, fall colors, cherry blossoms, and other attractions bring people to this township the year around. Farming and tourism are the township's primary economic anchors. There are no villages located in Centerville Township because of its rural setting. The villages of Cedar, two (2) miles south, and Lake Leelanau, four (4) miles to the north, provide many attractions and small businesses that result in a fair amount of tourist trade and local shopping. Traverse City, approximately fifteen (15) miles southeast of the township is the largest municipality offering all types of business including the regional airport and hospital. The primary entrances to Centerville Township are county roads South Good Harbor Trail (651), South Schomberg Road (645), and South Lake Shore Drive (643). Chapter 1: Introduction Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 1-2 �1.4 History of Centerville Township As one of only three townships in Leelanau County without villages, its history can be traced from the two original settlements, Good Harbor and Isadore. In 1860 settlers crossed from North Manitou Island and founded Good Harbor. Good Harbor was a bustling saw mill town from the 1860’s through the early 1900’s. The settlers came to take advantage of the jobs provided by the logging industry. Docks were built by 1863 and the population had grown to well over 300 people by 1880. Stores, hotels, and shops were added near the present location of the Good Harbor beach in 1870. The Schomberg Brothers bought the development in approximately 1885 and created the Schomberg station stop for the new railroad in 1892. The other main settlement was called Isadore. Isadore, originally called the four corners, was established in 1870 by citizens from the Milwaukee area who started as farmers in the late 1860’s. A post office was started in the late 1880’s and was discontinued in favor of the rural delivery from Cedar in 1912. As the lumber industry ran its course and businesses moved to the surrounding villages, Centerville Township was left as a rural community with an extremely small commercial area along the South Good Harbor Trail (651) and Bodus Road intersection. (Source: Edmund M. Littell, 100 Years in Leelanau, 1965.) LOCATION MAPS – CENTERVILLE TOWNSHIP "L Figure 1-1 D - Leelanau County Centerville Township ,. Chapter 1: Introduction Centerville Township Master Plan – Update ,. Centervilllle Township "".... Leelanau County, Ml: April 2014 page 1-3 �Chapter 2: Township Social and Economic Characteristics 2.1 Population In 1940 Centerville Township’s population was 733 people. From 1940 to 1970, the population had dropped to 473 people; however, steady growth since then has increased the population to 1,274 in 2010. According to US Census figures between 2000 and 2010, the township population grew by 179 people, a growth rate of 16.3%. As an average size township in land area, Centerville Township ranks sixth in permanent population among Leelanau County's eleven townships and three incorporated villages and five unincorporated villages, with 5.9% of the county’s population. The county estimates that the seasonal and day visitor population (June through August) is four times larger than the permanent population. Since Centerville Township is a popular tourist destination, the total number of people in the township could total as many as 5,096 persons on any summer day. Table 2-1 Population Change Centerville Township and Leelanau County 1980 Centerville Township Leelanau County Percent Change 1990 Percent Change 2000 Percent Change 2010 716 16.7 836 31.0 1,095 16.3 1,274 14,007 18.0 16,527 27.8 21,119 2.8 21,708 Source: Northwest Michigan Council of Governments 2.2 Age Distribution and Racial Make-up The 2010 median age of the township's population is 46.7 years, up from nearly 40 years of age in the year 2000. The population is evenly distributed between the sexes with slightly more females than males. Of the total population, 19.8 percent are 65 years and older and 20.4 percent are 19 or younger. Registered voters as of November 2011 totaled 1,031. The age distribution of the township is provided in Table 2-2. According to the 2010 Census the racial composition of Centerville Township is primarily white (96.86%), followed by Hispanic at 1.4%, then Native American at .78% with the rest a combination of other races. Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-1 �Table 2-2 Age Distribution Centerville Township, Leelanau County, State of Michigan – 2000 and 2010 Centerville Township Age Group 2000 Census I Leelanau County I 2010 Census 2000 2010 State 2000 2010 Total Percent Total Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent 0-4 years 63 5.7% 62 4.9% 5.1% 4.3% 6.8% 6.0% 5-19 years 237 21.6% 250 19.6% 19.3% 17.3% 26.1% 20.8% 20-24 years 41 3.7% 51 4.0% 5.7% 3.6% 2.6% 7.1% 25-44 years 321 29.3% 240 18.8% 24.2% 16.9% 29.8% 24.7% 45-64 years 266 24.3% 419 32.9% 28.3% 34.4% 22.4% 28.0% 65 + years 197 18% 252 19.8% 17.4% 23.4% 12.3% 13.4% Total 1,095 100% 1,274 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2010 2.3 Occupations There is great diversity in the occupations of the 580 (Table 2-3) employed township residents. The beauty and bounty of the region's natural resources provide some of the economic opportunities within Centerville Township. Tourism and the resource industries provide the basis for the majority of occupations. Table 2-3 depicts the Centerville Township occupations as reported in the 2010 census. Occupations such as management, professional service, sales, and office employ the majority of the populace. Farming and construction are other large employment groups. In addition, 27% of the 2011 Survey respondents identified themselves as retirees. Not all of the 580 employed residents work within the township; however, a mean commute time of 25.1 minutes suggests nearby employment. Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-2 �Table 2-3 Occupations Centerville Township and Leelanau County – 2010 Centerville Township Occupation I I Management, professional, and related occupations Number Percent Leelanau County Number Percent 181 31.2 3,488 35.1 96 16.6 1,557 15.7 130 22.4 2,449 24.6 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 31 5.3 144 1.4 Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations 78 13.4 1,218 12.2 Unlisted, production & transportation operations 64 11.0 1,089 11.0 580 100.0 9,945 100 Service occupations Sales and office occupations Total Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2010 2.4 Income and Poverty Levels Income and poverty levels for township residents are summarized in Table 2-4. According to the 2010 Census, the median household income of $52,692 is greater than both the county median of $47,062 and the State median household income of $44,667 (all figures in 2010 dollars). The households within the township have a very diverse base of individual income producers which may explain why only 16% of households are living below the poverty level. Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-3 �Table 2-4 Income Level Distribution in Centerville Township Centerville Township Income Level I less than $10,000 2010 Census I Number I Percent I 12 3.3 $10,000 to $14,999 3 0.8 $15,000 to $24,999 46 12.8 $25,000 to $34,999 36 10.0 $35,000 to $49,999 43 12.0 $50,000 to $74,999 120 33.4 $75,000 to $99,999 46 12.8 $100,000 to $149,999 31 8.6 $150,000 to $199,999 3 0.8 19 5.3 359 100.0 $200,000 or more Total Median household income (2010 dollars) 52,692 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2010 Note: Due to rounding percentages may not sum to 100 percent. Income Levels 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-4 �2.5 Commercial and Industrial Enterprise Centerville Township accommodates a few commercial enterprises and some home occupations which contribute to the tax base and local economy. A significant number of township residents are employed in real estate sales, financing, marketing, servicing and construction. Agricultural enterprise in Centerville Township consists mainly of family-operated, fruit-growing farms producing sweet and tart cherries, apples, strawberries, and grapes for local and national markets. There are a growing number of diverse agricultural enterprises such as wineries, livestock farms, Community Supported Agriculture farms (CSAs), and tree farms. There is only one restaurant in the township. There are also two large RV parks, along with a limited number of rental homes, and cottages that accommodate tourists. 2.6 Education The 2010 Census shows that 278 persons are enrolled in school. School enrollment has varied between 200 and 300 during the past 30 years. The township population is relatively well educated with 94.7 percent of adults 25 years and older graduated from high school compared to 79.1 percent in 1990. Over 32 percent have some college education up to and including graduate level degrees. Educational statistics are provided in Table 2-6. Table 2-6 Educational Achievement of Population 25 years and Older Centerville Township Centerville Township Educational Attainment 2010 Census Number Population 25 years and over Percent 911 100.0 Less than 9th grade 13 1.6 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 31 3.7 High School graduate (includes equivalency) 210 25.2 Some college, no degree 193 23.2 Associate degree 117 14.1 Bachelor’s degree 181 21.8 87 10.5 Graduate or professional degree Percent high school graduate or higher 94.7 Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 32.2 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2010 Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-5 �2.7 Housing Ownership and Inventory and Household Size In Centerville Township, 63.7 percent of housing is owner-occupied, compared to 51.4 percent for Leelanau County and 73.8 percent for the state of Michigan. Renter-occupied housing accounts for 17.2 percent of all housing in Centerville Township, with a median rent of $788. Leelanau County’s renter-occupied housing is 48.6 percent, with a median rent of $565, while renter-occupied housing represents 26.2 percent of the entire State, with a median rent of $546. Table 2-7.1 Age of Housing Units Centerville Township, Leelanau County, State of Michigan Year Structure Built I 1999 to March 2010 Centerville Township I Number I Percent 160 19.2 1995 to 1998 102 1990 to 1994 Leelanau County State of Michigan I Percent I Percent 11.5 7.8 12.25 10.3 6.4 102 12.25 10.5 6.1 1980 to 1989 73 8.8 18.1 10.5 1970 to 1979 146 17.5 19.7 17.1 1960 to 1969 70 8.4 8.5 14.2 1940 to 1959 62 7.4 12.0 26.5 1939 or earlier 117 14.1 17.9 16.9 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2010 Table 2-7.2 Housing and Occupancy Information - 2010 Centerville Township Housing/Occupancy Centerville Township Number Percent Total Housing Units 832 100.0 Occupied housing units 530 63.7 Housing units for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 302 36.3 Rental vacancy rate Occupied housing units 6.2 530 100.0 Owner-occupied housing units 439 82.8 Renter-occupied housing units 91 17.2 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2010 Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-6 �Over 36 percent of the housing units in the township (302 out of 832) are for seasonal, recreational or occasional use. The age of housing units is provided in Table 2-7.1 and indicates that 14.2 percent were built before 1939. Table 2-7.2 depicts the housing and occupancy information for households in Centerville Township and Table 2-7.3 depicts the types of households. According to the 2010 Census data, the average household size in Centerville Township is 2.32 persons, while the average family size is 2.85. These numbers are very similar to the average for Leelanau County (2.48 and 2.89), while somewhat lower than those for the State of Michigan, (2.56 and 3.10). I Table 2-7.3 Types of Households Centerville Township, Leelanau County, State of Michigan I Centerville Township 2010 Census Household Types I Total households I Number I Percent 530 100.0 Family households 359 67.7 With own children under 18 years 146 27.5 Married-couple family 320 60.4 With own children under 18 years 125 23.6 Female householder, no husband present 25 4.7 With own children under 18 years 12 2.3 Nonfamily households 171 32.3 Householder living alone 155 29.2 40 7.5 Householder 65 years and over I Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2010 In order to understand the recent residential development in the township, and get a more accurate number of housing units, recent land use permits for new homes were reviewed and are summarized below. Dwelling units as of 2010 Census 832 New homes built during 2000 – 2004 145 New homes built during 2005 – 2010 15 Multi-family dwelling units built during 2000 – 2010 0 Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-7 �Eight hundred thirty-two dwelling units multiplied by the year-round occupancy rate (63.7 percent) indicates an estimated 530 year-round homes as of December 31, 2010. Table 2-7.4 Building Permit Data Centerville Township & Leelanau County Year I 2007 Number of Permits I Centerville Township I Leelanau County 164 626 2008 103 476 2009 17 356 2010 27 451 2011 14 424 2012 28 376 I Source: Leelanau County Construction Codes Department 2.8 Property Values and Tax Base There are a large number of summer homes in the township which are often passed on from generation to generation. These homes are typically expensive, and have a significant impact on property values and the tax base. The summer homes in Centerville Township result in a larger tax base than comparable townships without villages in Leelanau County. The 2010 state equalized value (SEV) of Centerville Township real property totaled $ 132,276,700 resulting in an estimated market value of $ 264,553,400. Residential property is by far the largest tax category within total real property, comprising nearly 71 percent of the township’s SEV. Table 2-8 provides the Centerville Township SEV data from 2010. Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-8 �Table 2-8 State Equalized Value Centerville Township Property Class Agriculture Commercial Industrial Residential Total Real Property 2010 SEV 33,537,300 4,251,300 0 94,488,100 132,276,700 Source: Leelanau County Equalization Department Centerville Township's millage rate is one of the lowest in the county. The 2011 millage rate for Centerville Township was .58490 which resulted in tax revenue totaling $ 52,893.37. Most tax revenue is allocated to the Public Schools, (15 mills for Glen Lake Schools and 10.9 mills for Leland Schools), 3.5393 mills are allocated to the county for services, 6 mills to State Education, 6 mills to the Intermediate Schools District, .5 mills for fire and rescue. Chapter 2: Social and Economic Characteristics Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 2-9 �Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township is an elongated square-shaped area, approximately five and one-half (5½) miles across and six (6) miles long. The township contains approximately 22,000 acres. The township is rural; the closest shopping areas are in the villages of Lake Leelanau, four (4) miles north of the township line, and Cedar, two (2) miles south of the township line. 3.1 Physical Description and Habitats Much of Centerville Township consists of traditional field-crop and fruit-growing farms together with woodland areas on well-drained sandy-loam soils. Soils are sandier west of French Road (County Road 645). Landscape features range from nearly level till plains to steep moraines and drumlins. There are three major types of habitat in Centerville Township: open land, woodland, and wetland/shoreline. Farmland/open land: There are about 1,950 acres of active agricultural lands in eastern Centerville Township (east of French Road) and another 2,650 acres in western Centerville Township. Of these lands 2,150 are classified as orchard, and 2,400 acres are classified as cropland. An additional 2,000 acres in Centerville Township are classified as open (fallow) land. Open lands, including cropland, pasture, meadow, and fallow land overgrown with grasses and shrubs, are home to wildlife such as woodchuck, red fox, coyote, badger, skunk and many bird species such as meadowlark, pheasant, turkey, sparrows, and hawks. Woodland: Approximately one-third of the township’s land area (5,950 acres) is covered with forest, primarily the northern hardwoods association (sugar maple, beech, basswood, white ash, black cherry, hemlock, and white pine). Other conifers, red oak, aspen, and lowland hardwoods such as birch and elm also are also present, as are swamp conifers (cedar, balsam fir, and tamarack) in the wet areas. The woodlands provide habitat for wildlife such as white tail deer, squirrels, raccoon, porcupine, fox, owls, woodpeckers, a variety of song birds, ruffed grouse, and woodcock. Wetlands/beaches and dunes: Approximately 3,100 acres of wetlands (very poorly drained, nearly level, mucky soils) exist in the southwest corner of the township. Another 2,560 acres of wetlands exist along the eastern side of the township between French Road (County Road 645) and the shores of Lake Leelanau. There are approximately seven/eight (7-8) miles of shoreline on the western side of Lake Leelanau and one/two (1-2) miles of shoreline on Lake Michigan’s Good Harbor Bay, the northwestern boundary of the township. The wetlands, ponds, rivers, streams, Lake Leelanau shoreline, and the coastal areas along Lake Michigan are home to animals such as muskrats, beavers, and otters, along with many types of waterfowl, herons, shorebirds, ospreys, and eagles. The sandy shores of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore provide critical habitat for the piping plover, an endangered species, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service has identified the National Lakeshore as a raptor migration route. Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 3-1 �3.2 Climate Leelanau Peninsula's climate is tempered by the surrounding waters of Lake Michigan so that recent temperature charts compare it to the climate of the mid-Atlantic region, especially along the lakeshores. Areas closest to Lake Michigan may be ten degrees cooler in summer and warmer in winter than the inland areas. These conditions create a micro climate favorable to fruit growing. Even though Centerville Township experiences large amounts of lake effect snowfall, Leelanau County ranks as one of Michigan counties with the least amount of precipitation. Temperature and precipitation averages, including snowfall, are provided in Table 3-2. Table 3-2 Climate Data Leelanau County Average Daily Maximum Degree (F) Average Daily Minimum Degree (F) Average Total Precip. Inches Average Total Snowfall Inches January 29.3º 16.6º 2.51 45.3 February 32.5º 16.9º 1.80 25.9 March 41.6º 22.7º 1.83 13.7 April 55º 32.5º 2.65 4.6 May 67.4º 42.3º 2.90 .1 June 76.8º 52.3º 2.94 0 July 80.9º 57.9º 2.60 0 79º 57.4º 3.35 0 September 71.3º 50.2º 4.30 0 October 58.5º 40.2º 3.70 .4 November 45.3º 31.1º 3.23 11.3 December 33.7º 21.9º 3.00 41.5 Year 55.9º 36.8º 34.81 142.6 Month August Source: National Weather Service and National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 3-2 �3.3 Geology The bedrock underlying Centerville Township was laid down during the Middle and Late Devonian ages of the Paleozoic Era. The bedrock under the township consists of Traverse Group and Antrim Shale, see Figure 3-3.1. The surface geology of the township developed 10,000 to 12,000 years ago through glacial activity. Numerous advances and retreats by the glaciers resulted in the locally complex pattern of erosion and deposition. Centerville Township is dominated by coarse-textured glacial till. Till is composed of unsorted sands and gravels left by the glacier, see Figure 3-3.2. Along much of Lake Michigan and Lake Leelanau the geological composition is primarily lacustrine (lake related) sand and gravel. In Centerville Township, lacustrine sand and gravel occurs typically as former beach and near shore deposits of the glacial Great Lakes. The abandoned shorelines of glacial Lake Michigan are still visible in Centerville Township as the terraces along the lake shore, see Figure 33.2. Another visible indication of glacial history is the series of drumlins which extend south from the northern portion of the township. Drumlins are streamlined hills of glacial till shaped by the moving ice sheet, whose line of axis indicates the direction of local ice movement. BEDROCK GEOLOGY MAP Figure 3-3.1 Antrim Shale Traverse Group Rivers-Lakes Public Roads Private Roads Map produced by: State of Michigan, Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Division - Publication Date: 1987. Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 3-3 �CENTERVILLE GLACIAL GEOLOGY MAP Figure 3-3.2 Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, 1982 Bodm Rd :,. cp, E ....I Sand Dunes _J • Lacustrine Sand & Gravel End Moraines of Coarse - textured glacial till Coarse-textured glacial till 3.4 Topography Slope is an important development consideration associated with topographic features. The relief map, in Figure 3-4.1, depicts Centerville Township’s rolling glacial topography. The topographical Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 3-4 �map in Figure 3-4.2 shows areas with moderate and steep slopes where the contour lines are close together. Steep roadway grades, septic field failures, soil erosion, and excavation costs are some of the difficulties associated with steep grades that may constrain potential development. There are no regulated dune areas classified as Critical Sand Dune Areas within Centerville Township. Centerville Relief Map Figure 3-4.1 N W +E Relief Map – Centerville Township s Centerville Township Boundary ...Jv--- /'J Roads Streams 0.5 Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 2 Miles April 2014 page 3-5 �Centerville Topographical Map Figure 3-4.2 ,J 570 to 620 ft 621 to 720 ft 721 to 790 ft 791 to 850 ft ,, 851 to 920 ft / 921 to 990 ft I' ,J 991 to 1150 ft Rivers-Lakes J County Border • Municipal Name ~ Municipal Border Contour Lines 1.5 Mies 3.5 Soils One important determinant of land use is the soil's suitability for development. Land uses must correspond to the capacity of the soils on which they occur, and soil suitability for each use should be determined before development occurs. Centerville Township’s soils are typically loamy sands such as the Leelanau-East Lake association and the Emmet-Leelanau association, but other types are found throughout the township. Often associated with particular topographic and soil characteristics, the development and septic limitations are either related to slope, hydric soils, or both. These limitations do not preclude the development of specific sites. The developer should realize, however, that construction on some soils may be more costly in time and money. A more detailed analysis of the soils by the District Health Department will determine suitability for siting a septic system. Health Department approval is required by State law. Soils and topography also determine which areas are classified as prime, unique and locally important farmland. See Figure 3-5. The prime farmland classification indicates soils which are ideally suited for agricultural or timber production. Locally important farmland includes soils which are nearly prime, but are located on slightly steeper grades. These soils can produce high yields when well managed. Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 3-6 �FARMLAND CLASSIFICATION MAP Figure 3-5 N 1111 Farmland of Local Importance Centerville Soils Prime Farmland if drained All Areas Prime Farmland Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 0 0.25 0.5 I I I I 1 Miles I + MAP FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development Data from The Leelanau Conservancy November 2012 April 2014 page 3-7 �3.6 Water Assets One of the most valuable natural resources of Centerville Township is water. The township is located within two watersheds, the Shelda Creek / Lake Michigan watershed and the sub-watersheds of Lake Leelanau which include Mehert Creek and Cedar Run. (See Figure 3-6.1) Both groundwater and surface water are vital resources within Centerville Township. Because there is no central water distribution system, residents must rely upon individual wells for potable water. Lakes, creeks and wetlands are important for surface drainage, groundwater recharge and wildlife habitat. Alterations to any of these water features can contribute to flooding, poor water quality, insufficient water supply and loss of valuable wildlife habitat. It is therefore important that water resources be protected and managed in a manner that will ensure their quality. WATERSHED MAP Figure 3-6.1 EBODUS RD . .J er er 0 er er 0 m "m er < :c w 0 :I 0 ,,," ,,, 0 0 E EKABA RD :c TZKERD N + wbdhu12_a_mI089 CedarRun Centerville Watersheds 1111 Mehert Creek-lake Leelanau 1111 Shakia Cteek-Front.tl Lake Miehlgan Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 0 I 0.25 0.5 I I I I 1 Miles MAP FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Oevetopment November 2012 April 2014 page 3-8 �3.6.1 Groundwater Important factors in the evaluation of groundwater are the quantity and quality of the water. The geologic and hydrologic features of the township provide residents with sufficient quantities of water. Water availability will not likely be a factor limiting growth. In Centerville Township and Leelanau County water quality is more of a limiting factor than water supply. According to the Leelanau County Parks and Recreation Plan 20082013, approximately 60% of the county rests upon aquifers classified as “sensitive”, which means that the aquifers are overlain by highly permeable soils that easily transmit material and are thus susceptible to contaminants entering the water supply. A concern in areas not served by sewer systems is the potential contamination of wells by on-site septic systems. Although the Health Department records show no documented occurrences of contamination to date, the possibility for such pollution exists. Another possible groundwater contamination problem is nitrate pollution from animal feed lots, septic systems and runoff from manure or fertilized agricultural lands. 3.6.2 Wetlands According to the National Wetland Inventory, “Wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water. For purposes of classification, wetlands must have one or more of the following three attributes: (1) at least periodically, the land supports predominately hydrophytes; (2) the substrate is predominantly undrained hydric soil; and (3) the substrate is nonsoil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season of the year.” Aside from being areas that support biodiversity, wetlands absorb, store and filter our water resources, recharging groundwater and buffering the impact of floodwaters. Figure 3-6.2 shows the wetland areas in Centerville Township according to the National Wetland Inventory. This wetland mapping is based on general information and does not indicate whether the mapped areas qualify as regulated wetlands. The map is not comprehensive and does not show all 5,660 acres of wetland (29% of total land area) in the township. (See Table 4-1, 2010 Existing Land Uses and Other Classifications and Figure 4-1, Centerville Existing Land Use Map.) 3.63 Surface Water The two major water resources in Centerville Township are Lake Michigan and Lake Leelanau. One/two (1-2) miles of Lake Michigan frontage and approximately seven/eight (7-8) miles of Lake Leelanau frontage fall within the township boundaries. These lakes and their associated tributary streams and creeks offer natural, scenic and recreational amenities to township residents and visitors. It is extremely important that the quality of these surface waters be protected from negative impacts of overdevelopment such as pollution and loss of scenic views to open water. Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 3-9 �While the current quality of surface waters in Centerville Township is considered good to excellent, the threat of potential water pollution from point and non-point sources is a concern. Proper land use management can help preserve surface water quality. Some methods to curb pollution include, runoff control measures, septic system corrections, proper treatment of sanitary wastes, fertilizer application restrictions and proper disposal of hazardous materials such as household hazardous materials collections, information on purchasing non-toxic materials for cleaning and painting. CENTERVILLE WETLAND MAP Figure 3-6.2 EY LE TREE LN EABBY L E HOHNKERD ✓ •.~ C :z: ' + Permanently Flooded - Saturated - Semipermanently Flooded Centerville Wetlands 0 0.25 0.5 ' ' ' I ' Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 1 Miles I MAP FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Oevelo pment November 2012 April 2014 page 3-10 �3.7 Sites of Environmental Contamination Part 201 of the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act (NREPA) 1994, PA 451, as amended, provides for the identification, evaluation and risk assessment of sites of environmental contamination in the State. The Remediation and Redevelopment Division (RRD) of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is charged with administering this law. A site of environmental contamination, as defined by RRD, is "a location at which contamination of soil, ground water, surface water, air or other environmental resource is confirmed, or where there is potential for contamination of resources due to site conditions, site use or management practices." The agency provides an updated list (via the MDEQ website) of environmentally contaminated sites by county, showing the sites by name, Site Assessment Model score, pollutant(s), and site status. The Michigan Sites of Environmental Contamination identifies 42 sites within Leelanau County, four of which are in Centerville Township. Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) sites are sites where underground tanks, often for storing gasoline or diesel fuel, are leaking and cleanup is required. In some cases this involves removing the tank, excavating the contaminated soil, and if required, installing new tanks. Leelanau County has 36 closed LUSTs sites, where the work has been completed, five of which are in Centerville Township. There are currently 25 open sites in Leelanau County, with three in Centerville Township. 3.7.1 Surface Water Discharge Permits All point source discharges into surface waters are required to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit which is issued by the DEQ Water Division. Permit requirements generally address discharge limitations, effluent characteristics, monitoring and reporting requirements, along with facility management requirements. There are nine point source permit holders in Leelanau County; however, none in Centerville Township. 3.7.2 Air Quality Air Quality is monitored by the Air Quality Division of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Standards have been established as acceptable levels of discharge for any of the following air pollutants: particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, and trace metals. These pollutants are monitored on a continuing basis at selected locations around the state. Monitoring in recent years has shown the level of pollutants in the region to be within the established acceptable standards. Air discharge permits are required for businesses unless otherwise exempted by law. There is currently one known renewable operating permit in Leelanau County (Maple City). There are none in Centerville Township. 3.8 Summary The review of the natural resources in Centerville Township indicates that natural features and agricultural resources are relatively unimpaired at this time; however, these resources are extremely vulnerable. As indicated in the 2011 Survey, residents highly value the natural resources and scenic features of the township. The environmental features of the township are an important asset to the community, and need continued protection. Chapter 3: Natural Resources Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 3-11 �Chapter 4: Existing Land Use 4.1 Existing Land Use Statistics and Characteristics According to the 2010 Census, Centerville Township's land area is approximately thirty (30) square miles. Centerville Township is bordered on the west by Cleveland Township, on the north by Lake Michigan and Leland Township, on the east by Lake Leelanau and Bingham Township and by Solon Township on the south. The land use maps available on the Leelanau County website (www.leelanau.cc) from the Leelanau County Planning & Community Development Department were utilized as a starting point for the township mapping, supplemented by maps from the Leelanau Conservancy and then updated using the 2006 Leelanau County aerial photographs, and supplemental field checking. Table 4-1 presents the percentage of Centerville Township currently in each land use category, from the largest to the smallest. Table 4-1: 2010 Existing Land Uses and other classifications Centerville Township Land Use Category Forests & Wetlands Agricultural Land Residential Beaches & Sand Dunes Recreational / Resort Industrial/Extraction/Utilities Commercial Total Acreage Percentage 10,150 6,650 1,925 140 875 35 7 19,560 52% 34% 9% .7% 4 .2% .04% 100.0% Source: Michigan Resource Information System, digitized by the United States Geological Survey and maintained by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 4.1.1 Forests and Wetlands Forests, which include upland hardwoods and conifers, account for 23 percent of the township land area. Heavily wooded areas are found throughout the township. A forest reserve program is available through the State of Michigan. A decrease in forested land is directly attributable to agricultural and residential development. Wetlands and lowland forests account for 29 percent of land that has sufficient water at, or near, the surface to support wetland or aquatic vegetation. These areas are commonly referred to as swamps, marshes, or bogs. Wetland areas may also include land that supports lowland hardwoods and conifers. The Wetland information was not verified by field inspection when these maps were compiled. Thus, the areas shown as wetlands by the Michigan Resource Information System (MIRIS) may not meet State and Federal criteria for legally regulated wetlands. Chapter 4: Existing Land Use Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 4-1 �CENTERVILLE EXISTING LAND USE MAP Figure 4-1 N - Commercial Residential Agricultural - Forested - Wetlands Centerville Land Use 0 0.5 Chapter 4: Existing Land Use Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 2 Miles + MAP FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development Augusl 2012 April 2014 page 4-2 �4.1.2 Agricultural Land Agriculture is the most prominent land use in Centerville Township. Active agricultural lands accounted for approximately 34 percent of township land area in 2010. Agricultural lands are well dispersed across the township. The agricultural classification includes agricultural lands that may be enrolled in various agricultural conservation programs. 4.1.3 Residential As can be seen from Table 4-1, the amount of land being used for residential purposes is approximately 9 percent of the township. Residential use has been primarily located along lakeshores and road frontage. Recent residential growth has primarily occurred in these same areas. 4.1.4 Beaches and Sand Dunes The beach and sand dune areas comprise less than one percent of the township, and are contained within the Sleeping Bear National Lakeshore along the northwestern part of the township. 4.1.5 Recreational / Resort Recreational and institutional lands in the township comprise approximately 4 percent of the township, as shown in Table 4-1. Centerville Township’s frontage on both Lake Michigan and Lake Leelanau provides tremendous water-related recreational opportunities. The largest public recreational area is part of Sleeping Bear National Lakeshore; the other recreational lands mapped in Centerville Township are a portion of the Sugar Loaf golf course, and the public access site and the township park on Lake Leelanau. 4.1.6 Industrial/Extractive/Utilities Based on the Michigan Resources Inventory System (MIRIS) mapping classification, industrial, extractive, transportation and utilities are grouped together. For the most part all utilities are located in the public right of way or on utility easements. 4.1.7 Commercial Approximately .04 percent of the land in the township is in commercial use. The commercial properties are concentrated on the northeast and northwest corners of East Bodus Road and South Good Harbor Trail (651), roughly in the center of the township. 4.2 Pattern of Land Divisions As development occurs, larger tracts of land are generally broken down into smaller parcels. The largest undivided parcels in Centerville Township are typically agricultural and/or forested properties. Analysis of land divisions in the township reveals two patterns. One pattern is that many of the larger parcels are split into smaller parcels along the roads. The other pattern noted is that some of the newer residential developments in Centerville Township are being created as metes and bounds descriptions versus site condominiums and traditional subdivisions. A site condominium project does not actually create lots by land division but must comply with the state's Subdivision Control Act. Chapter 4: Existing Land Use Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 4-3 �Chapter 5: Community Services, Facilities and Transportation 5.1 Utilities and Communication Services Electrical service is provided to the township by Consumers Energy and Cherryland Rural Electric Co-op. Both utilities are regulated by the Michigan Public Service Commission. Natural gas service in the township is primarily limited to areas along the shore of Lake Leelanau and the northwest part of the township. AT&T and Century Link provide communication services to Centerville Township regulated by the Michigan Public Service Commission and Federal Communications Commission. Cell phone service is available to most areas of the township; however, there are still locations of poor reception throughout the township. Communication services including cable, satellite and DSL are available in the township from a variety of providers. 5.2 Township Schools There are no schools in the township. Public education is provided to the township by Glen Lake and Leland Public School districts. (See Figure 5-2.) Chapter 5: Community Services, Facilities, and Transportation Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 5-1 �SCHOOLS SERVICING CENTERVILLE TOWNSHIP Figure 5-2 N D 450 10 G len Lake - 45020 Leland Centerville School Districts 0 0.5 Chapter 5: Community Services, Facilities, and Transportation Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 2 Miles + MAP FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development August 2012 April 2014 page 5-2 �5.3 Emergency Services Fire, rescue, and ambulance services for Centerville, Solon, Kasson and Cleveland are provided by Solon/Centerville Fire Department located in Cedar. The department has three fulltime paid staff, a part time chief and compensated volunteer personnel under the supervision of the Fire Board, which is made up of the members of the respective township boards. This fire department works closely with other local fire departments. These services are tied to the 911 emergency dispatch system, as well. Mutual aid agreements are in effect with Elmwood, Leland, and Sutton’s Bay-Bingham Fire Departments. The EMS service is augmented by North Flight EMS to provide advanced life support. Law enforcement is provided by the Leelanau County Sheriff Department, Michigan State Police, and Michigan DNR. During the summer months, one Sheriff’s deputy patrols Lake Leelanau on a part time basis. 5.4 Heath Services There are no health services located in the township. Residents are served by a regional hospital in Traverse City, public agencies and various private providers. 5.5 Other Services Solid waste disposal service is currently provided by Waste Management, Kalchik Disposal, and American Waste Management. A county-supported recycling drop off site is available nearby in the town of Cedar. 5.6 Transportation Network Centerville Township is served by the Bay Area Transportation Authority (BATA) which provides daily bus service to Traverse City and throughout the county. However, the primary means of transportation is the private automobile. A map depicting the roads within Centerville Township is provided in Figure 5-2. State highway M-22, designated as the Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route by MDOT, encircles the Leelanau Peninsula. M-22 passes through five (5) miles of Centerville Township near the Lake Michigan shore on the western side of the peninsula. Over eighteen (18) miles of primary county roads including French Road (645), Good Harbor Trail (651) and Lake Shore Drive (643) lead north from the village of Cedar, and are joined by Hohnke Road (620) which runs east to west. There are twenty-two (22) miles of paved secondary roads within the township. All public roads are maintained by the Leelanau County Road Commission. Chapter 5: Community Services, Facilities, and Transportation Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 5-3 �CENTERVILLE PARCELS & TRANSPORTATION MAP (Co Rd 643) Figure 5-6 (Co Rd 651) (Co Rd 645) (Co Rd 620) N Centerville Parcels & Transportation Map - - Private Roads 0 0.5 - - Public Roads Chapter 5: Community Services, Facilities, and Transportation Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 2 Miles + MAP FOR REF ERENCE PURPOSES ONLY Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development August 2012 April 2014 page 5-4 �Chapter 6: Significant Land Use Issues Three significant land use issues were identified by the Centerville Township Planning Commission and township residents following public input, including the 2011 Survey. 6.1 Views and Ridgeline Development Views to and from the hills and water are an important component of the character of Centerville Township (see Appendix A, page 6). The township recognizes the importance of views to many residents and visitors as well as concerns regarding the rights of the property owners. The township is exploring ways to provide for development options in the Zoning Ordinance to encourage the siting of buildings so that development occurs in a manner with less visual impact. Strategies include preserving existing vegetation to provide filtered views to and from the development site and/or to requiring additional landscape screening. 6.2 Keyhole Development Keyhole or funnel development is the practice of providing shared lake access to lakefront and/or non-lakefront property owners through a commonly owned parcel of waterfront property. Centerville Township, with its extensive water frontage, faces decisions on how this type of use should be managed in the future. Some of the issues associated with keyhole development pertain to the “use ratio,” i.e. how many property owners can use a parcel that meets the minimum district area and frontage requirements, how many docks are allowed, amount of parking, and buffering/screening requirements along adjacent property lines. In many instances a keyhole development site has a boat launch or dock which increases the traffic on the lake. This increase in boat traffic may negatively impact water quality, natural vegetation, and wildlife habitats. Keyhole development can also impact existing neighboring single-family homes due to excessive noise and traffic. Therefore, the regulation of keyhole development is necessary to ensure such development occurs only in a manner compatible with the surrounding area. 6.3 Farmland and Open Space Preservation Agriculture and agriculture-related businesses are a critical part of the township’s economy and rural heritage. They should be supported through zoning that fosters a healthy economic environment for farmers. Farmland and Open Space Preservation are very important to the property owners of Centerville Township, as evidenced by the findings from the 2011 Survey (see Appendix A – Property Owner Survey Results, page 10-1. Over 65 percent of the responding property owners indicated that they either agree or strongly agree that “Centerville Township should preserve open spaces.” Approximately 60 percent of the respondents indicated they agree or strongly agree that it is important to “slow the conversion of farmland to residential uses or mandate more Open Space preservation requirements”. Chapter 6: Significant Land Use Issues Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 6-1 �Centerville Township is supportive of options for the preservation of farmland and open space. Some strategies the township can use include buffering between agricultural and residential areas, guiding development toward unproductive land and away from productive land, and enabling the use of conservation design strategies such as clustering and planned unit development. The township recognizes, as well, that development rights agreements (i.e. transfer, leasing, donation or purchase of development rights) can play an important role in farmland preservation. Of the existing active and inactive farmland, a limited amount of land is enrolled in some sort of a preservation program, such as the state PA 116 (see Figure 6-3), and Leelanau Conservancy’s “Farmability” Program, the NRCS’ Wetland Reserve Program, and the DNR’s Commercial Forest Program. As land preservation programs become available, the township will encourage their use to preserve farmland. The township also recognizes that any farmer’s participation in programs of this type will be completely voluntary. CENTERVILLE TOWNSHIP’S PA 116 FARMLAND Figure 6-3 - PA11 6 + Centerville Parcels - PA 116 0 Chapter 6: Significant Land Use Issues Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 0.5 2 Miles MAP FOO REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY Prepared by LNJ.anau County PlaMlng a Conimunll)' Dove-• Augusl 20~2 April 2014 page 6-2 �Chapter 7: Community Vision, Goals & Objectives Vision, goals and objectives guide future development. Centerville Township does not face obvious development pressure. Population is growing slowly, and new development is occurring at a moderate pace. However, higher rates of year-round population and/or other development pressures could alter the character of the township dramatically. As discussed in Chapter 3: Natural Resources, land in Centerville Township is not uniformly suitable for development. The physical characteristics, including steep slopes and shoreline areas, as well as active farmland and open space, all contribute to the unique character of Centerville Township. This character will be taken into account as land-use regulations are reviewed and revised to provide options for development. By guiding new development to conform to a community-based vision that includes specific goals, guidelines and regulations, both the rural character and the natural resources of Centerville Township can be maintained. 7.1 Vision Statement According to the results of the 2011 Survey, the residents of Centerville Township value and want to maintain the peaceful rural character and the scenic beauty of their township. Most citizens want to maintain the township’s farmland, open space, and natural environment without the burden of uncontrolled growth and its associated impacts. Under Michigan law, a plan should also promote public health, safety and general welfare. The Planning Commission is committed to promoting a future for the township that is environmentally, socially and economically resilient for the present and future generations of Centerville residents. 7.2 Summary of Goals The 2011 Survey, previously discussed, identified some general concerns of the township residents. The following issues are expressed here as general goals.        Land Use Goal Agricultural Support Goal Natural Resource Goal Residential Goal Economic Goals Infrastructure & Public Service Goal Recreation Goal Chapter 7: Community Goals and Objectives Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 7-1 �7.2.1 Land Use Goal Retain the township’s rural and scenic character. Objectives and Action Steps  Objective 1: Minimize the loss of farmland, forestland and open space.  Support the use of conservation easements.  Support the purchase of or transfer of development rights.  Encourage cluster developments to preserve open space.  Maintain a 1.5 acre minimum lot size, but manage overall density.  Objective 2: Guide growth and development towards the towns of Cedar and Lake Leelanau.  Coordinate land use plans and related regulations with adjacent townships.  Objective 3: Preserve the Township’s scenic and aesthetic assets.  Identify significant historic, archaeological and scenic features for preservation and enhancement.  Provide incentives for cluster developments.  Manage setbacks and screening for all developments.  Work with organizations to preserve the rural character of road corridors, scenic heritage routes, and scenic vistas.  Review existing ordinances regulating junk, noise, lighting, blight and signs. Chapter 7: Community Goals and Objectives Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 7-2 �7.2.2 Agricultural Support Goal Support continued agricultural activities consistent with the character of the township and the vision statement of this Master Plan. Objectives and Action Steps  Objective 1: Preserve the scenic and rural character of the agricultural landscape.  Identify farmland appropriate for agricultural preservation.  Support the use of conservation easements.  Support the purchase of or transfer of development rights.  Encourage cluster developments to preserve open space.  Maintain a 1.5 acre minimum lot size, but manage overall density.  Develop zoning for large scale animal agriculture.  Objective 2: Provide broader economic opportunities related to agriculture.  Promote value-added agriculture.  Promote agri-toursim.  Promote agricultural support services.  Promote public and/or private facilities in which local products can be sold. Chapter 7: Community Goals and Objectives Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 7-3 �7.2.3 Natural Resource Goal Protect the natural resource assets, which are the basis for recreation, agriculture, scenic beauty and rural character and our health and well-being. Objectives and Action Steps  Objective 1: Encourage sensitive site planning to protect the air, water and soil quality.  Establish regulations for land development to avoid negative impacts to air, water and soil assets.  Promote alternative waste water systems and septic system inspections.  Cooperate with watershed management programs.  Address protective standards for waterfront usage.  Preserve the natural vegetation of shoreline areas through greenbelt regulations.  Objective 2: Preserve environmentally sensitive areas.  Identify sensitive environmental areas to be preserved such as woodlands, wetlands, steep slopes.  Identify land that may not be suitable for development because of natural limitations for the construction of structures or septic systems such as hydric soils, flood plains, steep slopes, or areas at high risk of shoreline erosion.  Encourage the acquisition of sensitive environmental areas for the purpose of permanent preservation.  Establish standards and regulations for land development in environmentally sensitive areas. Chapter 7: Community Goals and Objectives Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 7-4 �7.2.4 Residential Goal Support a range of housing opportunities that respond to varying economic, family, and lifestyle needs in a manner that is consistent with the character of the township as described in the vision statement of this Master Plan. Objective and Action Steps  Objective 1: Support affordable housing.  Provide development options such as Conservation Designed Subdivisions and Planned Unit Developments.  Encourage a mix of housing types in a single development.  Encourage community sewer and water systems.  Consider the use of accessory dwellings as rentals.  Objective 2:   Support an aging demographic. Provide supportive housing options such as group facilities, adult foster care, assisted living and nursing homes. Explore the use of accessory dwellings for family members.  Objective 3: Protect the residential areas from negative impacts of incompatible uses.  Provide for appropriate separation using techniques, such as buffer zones, setbacks and screenings. Chapter 7: Community Goals and Objectives Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 7-5 �7.2.5 Economic Goal Support local economic opportunities in a manner that is consistent with the character of the township as described in the vision statement of this Master Plan. Objectives and Action Steps  Objective 1: Support employment opportunities that aren’t dependent on seasonal businesses.  Review options for home occupations.  Support improved digital communications.  Work cooperatively with local economic development groups to retain and attract business.  Support development of year-round recreational uses.  Review economic options allowed in the recreational district.  Objective 2: Preserve a tourist-friendly community.   Work with the Heritage Route Committee and other organizations to enhance the corridors through Centerville Township. Review both positive and negative impacts of the local tourism industry and work to resolve any identified issues, such as traffic, parking and the need for restroom facilities. Chapter 7: Community Goals and Objectives Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 7-6 �7.2.6 Infrastructure & Public Service Goal Plan township infrastructure and services consistent with the community needs in a manner that is consistent with the character of the township as described in the vision statement of this Master Plan. Objectives and Action Steps  Objective 1: Establish a Capital Improvements Planning process (CIP).  Coordinate proposed plans for the expansion and improvement of public facilities.  Support expansion and improvement of broadband infrastructure within the township.  Objective 2: Promote the health, safety and welfare of Township residents by coordinating the land uses with the provision of efficient public services.  Coordinate proposed plans for the expansion and improvement of public services  Maintain zoning regulations to ensure adequate equipment access by emergency services (police, fire and EMS).  Continue to support countywide recycling and solid waste management programs, and encourage commercial recycling.  Support expansion and improvement of broadband service within the township. Chapter 7: Community Goals and Objectives Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 7-7 �7.2.7 Recreational Goal Provide and maintain recreational lands and facilities for residents and visitors. Objectives and Action Steps  Objective 1:      Provide and maintain recreational lands. Support the development of community recreation lands for all age groups. Continue to maintain public lake access and boat launch facilities. Encourage designation/development of trails to direct snowmobile traffic off county road right-of-ways. Support the development of safe pedestrian and bicycle travel on non-motorized pathways and routes and public road / right of ways. Review uses allowed in the recreational district.  Objective 2: Provide and maintain recreational facilities    Support the development of community recreational and sports facilities for all age groups. Maintain, improve or expand township parks to accommodate growing residential and tourist use. Maintain an up-to-date Michigan DNR approvable Community Recreation Plan to specify current needs and be eligible for grant funding for recreation projects. Chapter 7: Community Goals and Objectives Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 7-8 �Chapter 8: Future Land Use Recommendations Centerville is a rural township with land uses that are mainly residential, agricultural, tourismrelated, conservation-based and recreational. Agriculture has declined from historic highs, but according to the 2011 Survey, township residents continue to value active farms. Through its Master Plan and Zoning Ordinance, Centerville Township strives to provide a planning and regulatory framework to ensure that rural-residential, agricultural, recreational and conservation uses can coexist compatibly without negative impacts on the environment and natural resources. To this end, high density residential and commercial development should be directed toward surrounding villages. The Future Land Use Map (Figure 8-1) and the recommendations for each land use district are based on the social, economic and environmental characteristics of the township, and the goals established in Chapter 7. 8.1 Agricultural District The Agricultural District includes an expanding variety of rural land uses ranging from agriculture and agricultural accessory/special uses to forest land, undeveloped open space, rural residential development, ecotourism and natural areas including wetlands and private conservation easements. Instead of relegating diverse uses into distinct districts, which, in the case of Centerville Township, would produce a land use map of isolated parcels, land use planning and zoning regulations should work to maintain a scenic and healthy rural landscape and to insure compatibility of a variety of land uses separated where necessary by transition areas, buffer zones, screening and special overlay districts. 8.1.1 Agricultural Uses Important agricultural areas should be preserved by regulating minimum parcel size, density and open space requirements for residential development and by encouraging purchase and or transfer of development rights to preserve farmland. Agricultural Preservation areas identified on the Future Land Use Map are defined as all parcels of 40 acres or more with at least 20 acres in agriculture and smaller parcels of 20 to 40 acres with at least four acres in agriculture. Regulations for agricultural development also should encourage sustainable and conservationoriented agricultural practices that protect the health, safety and welfare of the general public, as well as the township’s natural resources. To this end, agricultural practices should comply with or exceed the standards established in Generally Accepted Agricultural and Management Practices (GAAMPs) by Michigan Department of Agriculture. Also, according to the Michigan’s Right to Farm Act, local governments may submit ordinance standards different than these standards “if adverse effects on the environment or public health will exist within the local unit of government.” 8.1.2 Agricultural Accessory Uses and Agricultural Special Uses Agricultural accessory and special uses expand economic opportunities for farmers and offer opportunities for landowners to develop agritourism and ecotourism. Regulations should insure that the nature of particular uses are compatible with the vision and goals of the Master Plan Chapter 8: Future Land Use Recommendations Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 8-1 �and that the design and scale of these developments do not harm the environment or detract from the peaceful rural character of the township. 8.1.3 Residential Development in Agricultural District Within the agricultural district, minimum parcel size, density and siting of rural residential development should be regulated to retain rural character, open space, habitat and farmland. To accommodate pressure for future growth, special transitional or overlay districts may be established adjacent to existing residential, recreational or commercial districts. These areas can allow increased overall densities while still preserving the rural character through regulations that mandate clustering, screening and open space. 8.1.4 Forest Land, Wetlands and Open Space in Agricultural Districts In order to protect natural resources, habitat and the diverse rural character of the township, ecologically sensitive areas, woodlands, and wildlife habitats in the agricultural district should be identified for protection and preservation. Existing parkland, wetlands and large tracts of conservation lands should be buffered from incompatible land uses. The Victoria Creek Wetlands and the Lake Michigan shore ecosystem are identified as examples of sensitive areas on the Future Land Use Map. 8.2 Residential Districts and Subdivision 8.2.1 Residential land use near Sugar Loaf and the Ski View Farms Subdivision These residentially zoned lands accommodate higher density housing in Centerville Township adjacent to the recreational district and agricultural districts and close to National Parkland being managed as wilderness. The subdivision is built out to approximately fifty percent capacity. While redevelopment of Sugar Loaf Resort may increase pressure for residential development, any expansion should be regulated to provide clustering of residences, preservation of open space and improved buffering for agricultural lands and sensitive areas. 8.2.2 Waterfront Residential Waterfront residential land use consists of development along the Lake Leelanau and Lake Michigan shorelines. To preserve the scenic beauty and integrity of these shoreline areas, regardless of zoning, a shoreline overlay zone should be designated enabling the development of protective regulations such as greenbelt provisions. 8.3 Other Districts and Uses 8.3.1 Business Districts Two small business districts exist and accommodate current and historic uses. Expansion of these districts or additional business areas would not be compatible with the goals of keeping the township's rural character and supporting the commercial development of the nearby towns. 8.3.2 Commercial Resort There are two resorts on Lake Leelanau. These businesses are thriving and contribute to our tourism economy. Their uses should continue to be supported through this district. The uses allowed under this designation should be reviewed to assure they are compatible with the goals of the township Master Plan. Chapter 8: Future Land Use Recommendations Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 8-2 �8.3.3 Recreational District This district was established to support the development of Sugar Loaf. The township has been supportive of the long term community goal of reestablishing Sugar Loaf as an important commercial and recreational asset for Leelanau County. Centerville Township can keep its commitment to this community goal by maintaining this district and reviewing allowed uses. The Future Land Use Map shows an expansion of the district to support the commercial viability of Sugar Loaf and for other compatible development. 8.3.4 Sugar Loaf Resort Some consideration throughout this plan has been given to the future of Sugar Loaf Resort. The resort has been closed since 2000. Previously it had been an important part of the Leelanau landscape and economy. Most of the resort lies in Cleveland Township. Some golf course properties and a sewage treatment system associated with the resort lies in Centerville Township. The sewage treatment system services townhouses on the resort property in Cleveland Township. Centerville Township has participated in past efforts to revitalize the resort. In 2009, Centerville and Cleveland townships, in partnership with the county government, engaged in an environmental assessment to prepare for possible Leelanau County Brownfield Redevelopment Authority and Leelanau County Land Bank Authority involvement. A visioning workshop was also held with community members to identify ideas for redevelopment. Centerville Township recognizes the importance of the resort and the surrounding properties both to the township and the Leelanau community at large. The Future Land Use map shows a possible expansion of the Recreational Zoning district to allow for compatible appropriate uses that may make redeveloping or repurposing the resort properties more economically viable. Chapter 8: Future Land Use Recommendations Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 8-3 �8.4 Zoning Plan Section 33, (2), (d), of the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (Act 33 of 2008) requires that Master Plans adopted after September 1, 2008 include a Zoning Plan to explain how the future land use categories in this Plan relate to the zoning districts incorporated in the Township’s Zoning Ordinance. The following table relates the more general future land use categories with the existing zoning districts and discusses features and factors to be considered in reviewing requests to rezone lands in the Township consistent with this plan. Future Land Use District Compatible Zoning District Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural Preservation Area Agricultural Business Business Commercial/ Resort Commercial/ Resort Recreational Recreational Residential Residential 1 Residential 2 Ski View Farms Wetlands Agricultural Chapter 8: Future Land Use Recommendations Centerville Township Master Plan – Update Evaluation Factors The uses in this district will reflect a wide variety including farming, accessory and special uses, forest and open space. The uses should be integrated and compatible, rather than creating several smaller zoning districts. Prime farm lands in the agricultural district should be identified with an overlay and given particular attention to mitigate against loss of large farmable parcels. The plan does not foresee expansion of this district. Current uses are carried forward and accommodated. This district encompasses two long standing Lake Leelanau resorts. The Plan does not anticipate expansion of these uses or this district. This district was established to support Sugar Loaf Resort. The Plan foresees expansion of this area to allow appropriate commercial support and additional residential projects. No change in these zoning districts is anticipated. General residential development is encouraged to be focused in the two neighboring towns. Identification of these environmentally sensitive areas within the agricultural district will help to protect and preserve them as important resources. April 2014 page 8-4 �Future Land Use Map Figure 8-1 Residential - Business Commercial/Resort + N Centerville Future Land Use Recreational 0 0 .5 Agricultural - Agricultural Preservation Area ~ Wetlands Chapter 8: Future Land Use Recommendations Centerville Township Master Plan – Update 2 Miles MAP FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development August 2013 April 2014 page 8-5 �Current Zoning Map Figure 8-2 Zoning Districts CENTERVILLE TOWNSHIP ZONING MAP IAP FOR RE ER NC PURPOSES O LY Data prcwided by ·ent nilleTo,rn<hip Prepared by Leelanau Cnunty Planning and ·ommunity D v lopm nt Printed O tnb r 2007 Chapter 8: Future Land Use Recommendations Centerville Township Master Plan – Update Agricultural - Busine'5'S Commercial Resort Residential 1 Residmtiat 2 - Recrei.tional Ski View Farms Sub April 2014 page 8-6 �Chapter 9: Implementation Strategies and Plan Adoption Draft Plan Circulated for Comments The draft Centerville Township Master Plan was transmitted to the Township Board for review and comment on September 3, 2013. The Township Board approved the draft plan for distribution on September 11, 2013. Following the Board’s approval for distribution the proposed plan was distributed to the adjacent Townships (Elmwood, Bingham, Suttons Bay, Leland, Cleveland and Solon) on October 20, 2013 as well as to the Leelanau County Planning Department, Leelanau County Road Commission, Lake Leelanau Lake Association and local utilities for review and comment. A few comments were received from the adjacent townships. The comments received from the Leelanau County Planning Commission and staff are included at the end of this chapter. Public Hearing A public hearing on the proposed Master Plan, for Centerville Township as required by the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act, PA 110 of 2006 and the Michigan Planning Enabling Act 33 of 2008 as amended, was held on August 27, 2013. The Acts requires that two notices of public hearing be given, the first to be published 20-30 days prior to the public hearing, and the second to be published not more than eight days prior to the public hearing. Notice of the public hearing was published in the Leelanau Enterprise on August 8, 15, 22, 2013. A copy of the public hearing notice is reproduced at the end of this chapter. During the review period, the draft plan was available for review on the Township’s website, at, www.leelanau.cc/centervilletwp.asp or by contacting the Centerville Township Zoning Administrator. The purpose of the public hearing was to present the proposed Master Plan to accept comments from the public. In addition to the Planning Commission members, Township Board Members, and Centerville Township residents and/or business owners of the township attended the public hearing. The public hearing began with a brief explanation of the planning process. Plan development included several Planning Commission meetings, and public input sessions. During the hearing, maps of existing land use, color coded resource, and proposed future land use recommendations were presented. The public hearing minutes are included at the end of this chapter. Plan Adoption At a Planning Commission meeting following the public hearing, on February 25, 2014, the Planning Commission discussed the comments received. At the Planning Commission meeting on March 25, 2014 the PC took action to formally adopted the Centerville Township Master Plan, including all the associated maps. Per the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (PA 33 of Chapter 9: Implementation Strategies and Plan Adoption Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 9-1 �2008, as amended), the Township Board has asserted the right to approve or reject the plan. The Township Board formally adopted the plan on April 9, 2014. Legal Transmittals Michigan planning law requires that the adopted Master Plan be transmitted to the Township Board, as well as to the adjacent Townships and the County Planning Commission. Copies of these transmittal letters appear at the end of this chapter. Plan Implementation A Master Plan is developed to provide a vision of the community's future. It is designed to serve as a tool for decision making on future development proposals. A Master Plan will also act as a guide for future public investment and service decisions, such as the local budget, grant applications, road standards development, community group activities, tax incentive decisions, and administration of utilities and services. According to the Michigan Zoning & Planning Acts, comprehensive planning is the legal basis for the development of a zoning ordinance. Section Three of the Act states: "The zoning ordinance shall be based on a plan designed to promote the public health, safety and general welfare; to encourage the use of lands in accordance with their character and adaptability, and to limit the improper use of land; to conserve natural resources and energy; to meet the needs of the state's residents for food, fiber, and other natural resources, places to reside, recreation, industry, trade, service, and other uses of land; to insure that use of the land shall be situated in appropriate locations and relationships; to avoid the overcrowding of population; to provide adequate light and air; to lessen congestion of the public roads and streets; to reduce hazards to life and property; to facilitate adequate provision for a system of transportation, sewage disposal, safe and adequate water supply, education, recreation, and other public requirements; and to conserve the expenditure of funds for public improvements and services to conform with the most advantageous use of land resources, and properties." Zoning The Zoning Ordinance is the most important tool for implementing the Master Plan. Zoning is the authority to regulate the use of land by creating land use zones and applying development standards in various zoning districts. Centerville Township is covered by the Centerville Township Zoning Ordinance regulating land use activities. The first Zoning Ordinance was adopted in 1979. The current ordinance was last amended in 2007. The Zoning Ordinance should now be reviewed to ensure the Ordinance is consistent with the goals and the Future Land Use as presented in this Master Plan. Centerville Township intends to update the Zoning Ordinance consistent with the Township’s vision for the future and provide development options to better meet the goals of this plan. Grants and Capital Improvement Plan The Master Plan can also be used as a guide for future public investment and service decisions, such as the local budget, grant applications and administration of utilities and services. Many communities find it beneficial to prioritize and budget for capital improvement projects, such as infrastructure improvements, park improvements, etc. A Capital Improvements Program (CIP) is one tool which is often used to establish a prioritized schedule for all anticipated capital Chapter 9: Implementation Strategies and Plan Adoption Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 9-2 �improvement projects in the community. A CIP includes cost estimates and sources for financing for each project, therefore can serve as both a budgetary and policy document to aid in the implementation of a community's goals defined in the Master Plan. Chapter 9: Implementation Strategies and Plan Adoption Centerville Township Master Plan – Update April 2014 page 9-3 �Centerville Township Property Owner Survey for Master Plan Development December 2010 FINAL VERSION A. Growth Management 1. The issue of controlling growth and development can be controversial. Please check the statement that most closely matches your views about growth in Centerville Township: _____ I would like to see growth encouraged. _____ I would prefer to let growth take its own course in this area. _____ I would prefer planned and limited growth in this area. _____ I would like to see a goal of no growth in this area. B. Housing Please respond to the following questions and statements: 1. The mix of housing in the Township meets the needs. Agree Neutral Disagree 2. Adequate affordable housing is available. Agree Neutral Disagree If so, how long? 3. Rental accessory apartments should be allowed. Agree Neutral Disagree 4. What other housing related concerns should the Township consider?_____________________________________ ________ 5. Should Mobile Home Parks be allowed in all zoning districts? Yes Neutral No Land Use and the Environment Please respond to the following questions and statements: 1. In waterfront areas of the Township, do you support the Support Not Support Not Sure clustering of several homes close together? fold 2. In non-waterfront areas of the Township, do you support Support Not Support Not Sure clustered housing with open space? 3. Should fertilizer use on waterfront properties be regulated to Yes Neutral No protect the water quality of lakes & streams? 4. Should ridgeline development be limited? Yes Neutral No 5. Which of the following best describes what “Open Space” means to you? (Rank in order 1-6, with 1 being BEST) C. fold ____Forests _____Wetlands _____Scenic Views _____Parks, sports fields _____Pastures/meadow ____Farmland 6. 7. 8. fold D. E. Should tourist and event activities be allowed on ag/farm land? (ag tourism) Yes Neutral No Should Open Spaces and vacant waterfront be preserved? Yes Neutral No Should Centerville Township buy/preserve undeveloped land to protect Yes Neutral No natural features or scenic view sheds a. Only if available for public use? Yes Neutral No b. Even if not available for public use? Yes Neutral No c. What specific locations or views should be preserved? __________________________________________ 9. To preserve Open Spaces, would you contribute by increased taxes or a Yes No special assessment/millage rate? 10. Should we promote slowing the conversion of farmland to residential uses? Yes Neutral No 11. Should we mandate more Open Space preservation as a requirement? Yes Neutral No 12. Which are the two most important reasons to preserve farmland in Centerville Township? (Circle 2) a. To preserve the scenic beauty and rural character of the Township b. To make it easier to transfer farms to family members or other farmers c. To preserve family farms and the township’s farm economy d. To maintain the ability to grow food in the future e. To protect the natural environment and wildlife habitat f. Other:_____________________________________________________________________________________ fold g. Having a farmland preservation program is not important Economy 1. Are employment opportunities in Centerville Township too dependent Yes Neutral No on seasonal or AG Tourism businesses? 2. Would you like to expand the Commercial/Business Zoning districts in Expand Districts Promote growth in villages the Township or promote growth in the existing surrounding villages? 3. What types of businesses are needed ? _______________________________________________ 4. How much new business would you like to see in Centerville Township and where? _______________________________________________ 5. Should the Township encourage business growth to provide more No Yes Neutral employment opportunities? 6. Do you work in? Centerville Township Leelanau County Traverse City Area Retired Not Working 7. Should Home Occupations be allowed to expand into full commercial Yes Neutral No operations as long as the character of the Township is kept intact? Services Please respond to the following statements: 1. Road maintenance by the Road Commission is adequate. Agree Neutral Disagree 2. The road maintenance/improvements schedule should be accelerated Agree Neutral Disagree at additional taxpayers’ expense. 3. Would you support paving of road shoulders for bike paths? Yes Neutral No �4. 5. 6. F. G. Would you support a special assessment or millage for that purpose? Yes No What specific road(s) would you want improved? ________________________________________________ Advance Life Support should be offered by the local Solon/Centerville Agree Neutral Disagree Fire Department ? 7. Would you support a special assessment for that purpose? Yes No 8. Park facilities in Centerville Township are adequate. Agree Neutral Disagree 9. Cemetery facilities in the Township are adequate. Agree Neutral Disagree 10. Do you support having regular business hours for Township Officials? Yes No 11. If so, would you be willing to pay additional taxes to cover the costs? Yes No 12. Please identify any other services you would like to see. ________________________________________________ Community Image In order to address the many concerns discussed in this survey, local public officials may need to develop new policies. 1. Do you support?: a. Stricter architectural controls for new development Yes Neutral No b. Stricter sign regulations Yes Neutral No c. Preservation of scenic roads, and add scenic turnouts Yes Neutral No d. Preservation of historic buildings Yes Neutral No 2. The Township presently has a 1.5 acre minimum parcel size in the AG district. Do you support an increase? Yes No If so, to what minimum size __________ and why ? ______________________________________________________ 3. Are existing lighting standards protecting the night sky? Yes No Any problem areas ? _______________ 4. Seasonal rental of homes should be regulated. Agree Neutral Disagree 5. Noise regulations should be established in the Township. Agree Neutral Disagree 6. Additional cellular towers should be allowed. Agree Neutral Disagree 7. Residential wind turbines should be regulated. Agree Neutral Disagree 8. Prevent keyholing along the lakefront properties. Agree Neutral Disagree 9. List any zoning issues you would like to see addressed ____________________________________________________________ G. Demographics 1. How long have you lived in Centerville Township, either part-time or full time? (Please circle one.) N/A 0-4 years 5-10 years 11-20 years 21-30 years Longer than 30 years 2. During which months do you typically reside in Centerville Township? (Please circle all that apply.) All Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3. How long have you owned property in Centerville Township? (Please circle one.) Don’t own 0-4 years 5-10 years 11-20 years 21-30 years Longer than 30 years 4. Are you a registered voter in Centerville Township? Yes No 5. Do you lease/rent a Centerville Township home to others? If so, what is a typical rental period? Do not lease/rent Weekly or by the day Monthly Annually 6. If you rent your Centerville Township house, which months is it typically rented? All Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7. Indicate which best describes where your Centerville Township property is located? (Please circle all that apply.) Shoreline Rural Setting Farm Subdivision Other 8. Please indicate which of the following best describes your affiliations. (Circle all that apply.) Farmer Business Owner Owner of over 20 acres Real Estate/Developer Elected Official Retiree Tradesperson/laborer Employee Professional Family w/school age children None of the Above Additional Comments: _________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Please fold, seal with tape, affix a stamp and return by January 15th to ensure your responses are included in the final tabulation. Thank you for your participation in this important Township project. Centerville Township Survey Results Post Office Box 226 Lake Leelanau, MI 49653 Affix Stamp Here �SUPERVISOR LEONARD KELENSKI 7031 E. Kelenski Dr. Cedar, MI 49621 Phone: 231-228-5548 Centerville Township (Leelanau County) Cedar, Michigan 49621 TRUSTEE JAMES SCHWANTES 4955 Schomberg Rd. Cedar, MI 49621 Phone 231-228-7301 CLERK DAVID WURM 5419 S. French Rd. Cedar, MI 49621 Phone: 231-228-7663 TRUSTEE FRED PEPLINSKI 4201 Peplinski Dr. Cedar, MI 49621 TREASURER KATRINA PLEVA 5874 S. French Rd. Cedar, MI 49621 Phone:231-228-5649 ZONING ADMINISTRATOR TIMOTHY A. CYPHER PO Box 226 Lake Leelanau, MI 49653 Phone: 231-360-2557 MEMO December 1, 2010 To: Centerville Township Property Owners From: Centerville Township Board & Planning Commission Re: Property Owner Survey for Master Plan Development Hello everyone, The Centerville Township Board (CTB) and Planning Commission (PC) would respectfully request that you take part in updating our Master Plan (MP) as required under the Michigan Planning & Enabling Act of 2008. We realized from the very start that without your input we would not be able to get a complete picture of how we move forward in our planning process. We have provided a Property Owner Survey, (POS) which is the first step in the process. When completed and returned, the information will help guide us via your thoughts and feelings related to the many issues confronting our decision making. You are invited to attend any and all PC & Board meetings. Once the surveys are returned and tabulated, the Planning Commission will have monthly meetings to digest all of the information and formulate guidance materials to insert into a draft MP document. When that task is completed, a Public Hearing will be held and posted in the Leelanau Enterprise and on-line at the township’s website to review the draft Master Plan. The PC meetings and MP public hearing will be opportunities for you to provide additional input and also get a feeling for what the POS results were. So, we appreciate in advance your time and efforts in completing the Property Owner Survey and will be looking forward to your comments and hopefully, your active involvement. Sincerely, Supervisor, Leonard Kelenski & Planning Chairperson, Tim Johnson www.leelanau.cc/centervilletwp.asp �Approved on 8/30/11 CENTERVILLE TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION Meeting Minutes – July 26, 2011 CENTERVILLE TOWNSHIP HALL Call to Order: Chairperson Tim Johnson called the meeting to order at 7:10 pm. Members Present: Tim Johnson, Jim Schwantes, Gerry Laskey, Molly Hyde, Mike Scharpf, Zoning Administrator Tim Cypher and Recording Secretary Annette Kleinschmit. Public Present: Carol LeGray, Bill LeGray Public Comment: None Revise/Approve June Agenda: Johnson reviewed the regular meeting agenda, MOTION BY LASKEY, SECONDED BY HYDE, TO APPROVED THE AGENDA AS PRESENTED. MOTION PASSED 4-0. (Scharpf arrived after this motion.) Public Forum Regarding MP Survey: Johnson began the public forum with a welcome and reviewed the process of the public forum. Laskey explained that the Master Plan was formally adopted in 1997 and updated in 2005. He indicated that the initial step of the MP update began with a survey last winter and the forum this evening was to discuss the results. Cypher explained the state mandate of updating the Master Plan. He also explained how the survey was created and distributed with the winter tax bills; and how the results were processed. He said that survey results are available on the township’s website. Cypher said that public comment would be taken after each section of the overview summarizing the Master Plan survey results. Cypher began reviewing the graphs and charts of the Master Plan survey results presentation; Section A – Growth Management, Section B – Housing and Section C – Land Use and the Environment. Some discussion was given to the results on mandating more open space preservation as a requirement. Cypher thought it was surprising that so many responded with a ‘neutral’. Johnson commented that perhaps folks didn’t understand what the question meant. Mrs. LeGray said that the graph for C.2 has incorrect wording. The graph should say “In nonwaterfront areas of the Township…”, but it states, “In water front areas of the Township…”. Kleinschmit apologized, and will make the correction. Review continued with Section D – Economy. Question D.1 results indicated that employment opportunities are too dependent on seasonal or ag tourism businesses. Hyde commented that while survey results indicated that folks want things to be kept the same in the township, then how do you improve jobs? Results also indicated that most responding are retired. Mr. LeGrey asked who received the survey and Cypher replied all property owners in Centerville Township. Page 1 of 3 �Approved on 8/30/11 Cypher continued with review of Section E. – Services. The majority of responders thought Advance Life Support should be offered by the fire department, and would support a special assessment for it. Respondents did not support regular business hours for township officials. Then Section F – Community Image results were reviewed. The support of stricter sign regulations was split almost evenly in responses. Cypher indicated that there was not a history of sign related problems. Results showed that 65% do not support an increase of the minimum 1.5 acre parcel size. Much discussion was dedicated to the current parcel size. Mr. LeGrey asked how the Leelanau-Benzie septic review was coming along. Cypher said that they are still working on it. Results indicated that additional cellular towers should be allowed, however, there were a large number of ‘neutral’ responses. Discussion followed. Results also indicated that residential wind turbines should be regulated. The PC reviewed a list of zoning issues that respondents listed. Section G. – Demographics was reviewed of how long respondents lived in and owned property in the township, and if they rent their property to others. Those that rent, primarily do so in the summer months. 42% of respondents are not registered voters in the township, and the majority live in a ‘rural’ setting. Some were surprised that only 6% of the respondents are farmers. Cypher reviewed Section H. – Additional Comments in which respondents could write in any comments they wanted. Many were glad they were given the opportunity to give input. Public comment: Mrs. LeGray said she was surprised that there weren’t many comments about maintenance of properties. Cypher indicated that there currently is no property maintenance ordinance. Mr. LeGray said there are small lots near his home and one property isn’t kept up and the lawn hasn’t been mowed and it presents a fire hazard. Cypher suggested they check with their association’s deed or subdivision covenant to see if there was some recourse there, or contacting the code office or health department. As always, the first step is to talk to the offending neighbor. Mr. LeGray wondered why the survey wasn’t treated like a voting ballot in which respondents chose either ‘yes’ or ‘no’ rather than, ‘agree’, ‘disagree’ and ‘neutral’. Cypher said that the Planning Commission was looking for broad information and direction. Mrs. LeGray thanked the PC for their hard work, and appreciates the opportunity to give input. Johnson said he wasn’t sure why there was a low public turnout, but he thanked everyone for their input. He said the PC intends to continue reviewing the results, and determining what should be focused on and then update the Master Plan. He said there will be more hearings, and a draft MP should be ready by the end of the year. Kleinschmit said that she would make the correction of C2, and some spelling corrections and post the amended survey results online. Public Forum ended. Approve June Minutes: The Planning Commission (PC) reviewed the minutes of the regular meeting held June 28, 2011. MOTION BY HYDE, SECONDED BY SCHWANTES, TO APPROVE THE JUNE 28th MINUTES AS PRESENTED. MOTION PASSED 5-0. Zoning & Planning Issues: Review Monthly ZA Report – Cypher reviewed his June report. He gave an update about Costal Marine and indicated that there is a provision in Section 7.14 of the Zoning Ordinance that Page 2 of 3 �Approved on 8/30/11 allows accessory buildings for permitted uses. He said they will still need to go through site plan review if they want to put up additional structures. Cypher said the printed citations were returned because the information was incorrect. He said he mailed a certified letter to the owners of the migrant housing trailers on Gauthier Road to let them know they will be receiving a citation. Master Plan Update – This was reviewed during the Public Forum. Planners Moments: MOTION BY SCHWANTES, SECONDED BY HYDE, TO TABLE THE VIEWING OF THE PLANNERS MOMENTS VIDEO UNTIL NEXT MEETING. MOTION PASSED 4-0. (Laskey left just prior to this vote.) Planning Commission By-laws: MOTION BY SCHARPF, SECONDED BY HYDE, TO TABLE DISCUSSION UNTIL NEXT MEETING. MOTION PASSED 4-0. Budget - None Public Comment: - None Adjournment: MOTION BY SCHARPF, SECONDED BY JOHNSON, TO ADJOURN THE MEETING. MOTION PASSED 4-0. Meeting adjourned at 9:17 pm. The next PC meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, August 30, 2011 at 7:00 pm at the Centerville Township Hall. Recorded by: Annette Kleinschmit Page 3 of 3 �APPROVED on 9/24/13 Centerville Township Planning Commission Public Hearing and Monthly Meeting August 27, 2013 Centerville Township Hall Call to Order: Chairperson Tim Johnson at 7:09 pm Members Present: Tim Johnson, Molly Hyde, Jim Schwantes, Gerry Laskey, Recording Secretary Annette Kleinschmit, Zoning Administrator Tim Cypher. Absent: Mike Scharpf Public Present: Bruce Price, Cherie Bidwell, John Konkal, Joe Jung, Sylvia Jung, Ed Fleis, Stephen Mikowski, Leonard Kelenski, Carolyn Weed, William Rastetter Public Comment: None Revise/Approve Agenda: The Planning Commission (PC) reviewed the agenda. MOTION BY LASKEY, SECONDED BY HYDE, TO APPROVE THE AGENDA. MOTION PASSED 4-0. Conflict of Interest: None Public Hearing regarding Master Plan (MP) Update: Chair Tim Johnson opened the public hearing at 7:12 pm. Johnson reviewed the history of the Master Plan; that it was first enacted in 1996, revised in 2005 and working on another revision based on a citizen survey of 2010. He explained the process of approval and adoption of the MP. He then reviewed ground rules for comments and opened the floor for public comment. Stephen Mikowski (landowner in Centerville Township) - Mr. Mikowski asked if the survey was a scientific survey or a preference survey. Johnson indicated that it was a preference survey, and a copy was available on the township’s website. Mr. Mikowski suggested that the PC create a top line report indicating any major changes or significant differences between this MP to that of 1995. He also commented that on Page 2.1 under history of the draft MP, that only one source is identified, and he thinks the PC should have gone to a larger range of sources. He asked what the cost of the preparation of the revision was. Johnson said he wasn’t sure of the final costs yet. Mr. Mikowski asked if there would be a vote on the passing of the MP because he thinks residents should have permission to vote on it. Johnson said that the MP would not go up for a public vote; but the Township Board will vote on it. Ed Fleis (owner of Sugarloaf golf course property) - Mr. Flees said that he hadn’t had a good chance to review the draft MP, but he doesn’t think there are a lot of changes since 2005. He thinks the language is very good and looks more like a working document. He said that he didn’t see the adopted land use map from 2005, nor what was being proposed here tonight. Johnson said that the existing and use map is on the township’s website, and that only real major change is �APPROVED on 9/24/13 the property around Sugarloaf was made to be more consistent and the commercial area across from Holy Rosary was removed. Bruce Price (Lake Leelanau) – Mr. Price said he believes in private property rights. He commented that he was surprised that the PC didn’t say the Pledge of Allegiance before the meeting. He voiced concern of townships getting ‘stacked’ and that the current zoning administrator works for four townships in Leelanau County. He thinks that folks should figure out what the people want when they serve on Boards. Johnson stated that the purpose of a MP is to put together a 20 year vision of where the residents think the township should go, and then base the Zoning Ordinance on that. He said some main points received from the survey results included encouraging agriculture in the township, discouraging commercial development, and maintaining agriculture and making it profitable in the township Carolyn Weed (Centerville resident) – Ms. Weed said she has read the last MP very carefully, and this one very carefully. She thinks this MP is better organized, meets the legal requirements, and gives a more detailed description of the township. Johnson acknowledged and thanked Ms. Weed for her contributions to the MP. Ms. Weed recommended adding a bullet point: “Consider allowing dwelling units less than the Centerville Township 800 square foot minimum if such units are regulated as a special use with specific requirements to prevent negative impacts on property values”. She also suggested changing Chapter 8.1.1 to read, “Agricultural Preservation areas identified on the Future Land Use Map are defined as all parcels of 40 acres or more with at least 20 acres in agriculture and smaller parcels of 20 to 40 acres with at least four acres in agriculture”. William Rastetter (Centerville resident) - Mr. Rastetter thinks the Future Land Use Map on page 4-2 is confusing. He is curious why if land is forest or wetlands why it is as status of “ag” instead of “ag preservation”. Ms. Weed suggested those lands be coded “forest/wetland preservation”. Schwantes said those were good points and perhaps an action step could be added to the Natural Resources Goals or Ag Goals of identifying the ag land that is actually farmed. Cherie Bidwell (Centerville resident) - Ms. Bidwell asked if wind farms were addressed in the MP? Johnson said the Zoning Ordinance addresses commercial windmills, not the MP. Johnson reviewed Chapter 7 and the goals and objectives with the audience. Mr. Mikowski said he thinks there is quite a bit of subjectivity in the goals; for example, allowing the use of accessory buildings under the Residential Goals, doesn’t seem worthwhile. Johnson agreed and said the MP is a broad document used as a guideline, and that the Zoning Ordinance is more restrictive. Mr. Mikowski thinks the words used to describe the vision, goals and objectives be carefully defined in the process as to what they actually mean so that people have a common ground. Johnson indicated that the beginning of Chapter 7 defines the vision, and he agrees, and that the PC spent a lot of time making sure they were defined and actual definitions. Ms. Weed said that Chapter 7.1 is mislabeled, and she thinks it should be labeled “Vision Statement”. She commented that a vision statement should be the broadest sense of what you’re trying to do. She said the accessory building objective was to support an aging demographic and a lot of the data that is in the beginning of the MP is what was used to write the objectives. �APPROVED on 9/24/13 Mr. Price added that it seems to him that all the townships and everyone want to control growth and property rights. He owns property and thinks it’s difficult to figure out how our grandchildren can live here without going to a subdivision. Johnson thanked everyone for coming and expressing their opinions. He explained the process of the Master Plan approval here forward. Public Hearing regarding the Master Plan Updated was closed at 8:13 pm. Master Plan Update The PC reviewed the comments made at the public hearing, also other minor changes and grammatical corrections throughout. The PC will make any final revisions to the draft MP at their next meeting to then submit a final draft to the Board. The PC discussed whether to have a legal review before or after the Board gets a copy and decided that the Board should give input before sending it to the attorney. The PC will also need to schedule a final public hearing. Kleinschmit will make changes to the draft, and distribute by email. Zoning / Planning Issues: Zoning Ordinance – Johnson pointed out that the Board approved changes to the ZO, but that the revisions have not yet been made or posted online. Kleinschmit will make the revisions, and post accordingly. Review Monthly ZA Report – Cypher distributed his report electronically to the PC for their review Public Comment: None MEETING ADJOURNED AT 9:35 PM. The next regular monthly meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, September 24, 2013 at 7 pm at the Centerville Township Hall. �Draft – 04/09/2014 CENTERVILLE TOWNSHIP (LEELANAU COUNTY) CEDAR, MICHIGAN 49621 SUPERVISOR LEONARD KELENSKI 7031 E. KELENSKI DR. CEDAR, MI 49621 PHONE: 228-5548 FAX: CALL FIRST CLERK DAVID D. WURM 5419 S. FRENCH RD CEDAR, MI 49621 PHONE: 228-7663 FAX: CALL FIRST Email: wurmsresidence@yahoo.com TREASURER KATRINA PLEVA 5874 S. FRENCH RD CEDAR, MI 49621 PHONE: 228-5649 FAX: 228-6818 Email: dalekatrina@centurytel.net TRUSTEE JAMES SCHWANTES 4955 S. SCHOMBERG RD. CEDAR, MI 49621 PHONE: 228-7301 Email: sweetersong@centurytel.net TRUSTEE FRED PEPLINSKI 4201 S. PEPLINSKI DR CEDAR, MI 49621 PHONE: 228-6776 ZONING ADMIN: TIM CYPHER PO BOX 226 LAKE LEELANU, MI 49653 CELL: 360-2557 FAX 256-7774 Email: tim@allpermits.com Centerville Township Regular Monthly Board Meeting Minutes April 9, 2014 at 7:00PM Cedar Fire Hall (Due to Weather) Call to Order: Supervisor Kelenski called the meeting to order at 7:00PM. Members Present: Board Members present were Leonard Kelenski, David Wurm, Katrina Pleva, James Schwantes, and Fred Peplinski. Others Present: Paul Olson, Insurance Representative of the Michigan PAR Plan, Stephen & Mary Lou Mikownski, & Brian Booth. Public Comment: None. Approve Agenda: Add item 12d "4 Township Partnership Committee Update" and 9b "Administration Fee on Tax Bills". Motion to approve agenda by Schwantes with additions, seconded by Peplinski. Agenda approved. Approve Minutes: Under PC Activities, 3rd line, "…ordinance to allow a change of the 800 sq. ft. minimum…", and top the 2nd page "The ZBA took no action on the matter stating that they would like the process to change of changing the ordinance…". Also under the Fire Board Meeting, line 4, "Centerville Board members remembers all to well…". Motion by Pleva to approve March 14, 2014 minutes with changes, seconded by Schwantes. Ayes=5, No=0, Minutes approved. Treasurer’s Report: Township Chase Tax Fund Checking $1,829.04, Chase HI Yield Savings $10,094.46, Chase Business Savings $175,177.32, Chase Commercial Checking $64,838.98, and Fifth Third CD is $30,462.85 and NW Bank CD is $50,822.51 with combined CD of $81,285.36. The Total General Fund Balance is $333,225.16. Fire Dept Treasurer Report was reviewed with $158,103.82 in total assets. Motion by Peplinski to accept the Treasurers Reports as proposed, supported by Schwantes. Ayes=5, No=0, Motion carried. Assessor’s Report: Assessor Krombeen responded in a letter to "oppose" the Michigan Tax Tribunal (MTT) "draft" approving a Principle Residence Exemption for the Von Walthausen property since they are not allowed to use their accessory buildings to establish a residence since they do not have an "occupancy permit" from the county. According to the "draft" record of the MTT the Von Walthausen's stated they are living & using their accessory buildings and have established a residence on their property. No action is being proposed "on the potential violation" until this "draft" is recorded by the judicial system. Page 1 of 3 PDF processed with CutePDF evaluation edition www.CutePDF.com �Draft – 04/09/2014 Insurance Review: Mr. Paul Olson, Insurance Representative of the Municipal Underwriters of Michigan proposed insurance protection for the annual coverage starting May 1, 2014. This year's rate of $4,487.00 is up from last year's rate of $4,309.00. Mr. Olson also encouraged the submission of a Risk Reduction Grant. He also explained that a Dividend Return Program could allow a rebate of about 5.5% rebate on our premiums starting January 1, 2015 based on percent of loss on claims. Planning Commission (PC) Activities/Comments: March 25, 2014 PC minutes were given to board members for their review. PC member Molly Hyde has given her resignation and will continue until a replacement has been selected. Board members identified potential candidates of Cary Weed, Cindy Landers, & Jamie Damm. The PC has begun work on the Agri-tourism ordinance that will apply to all districts and may use a consultant to help guide a timely creation of the ordinance. The proposed changes to the zoning ordinance to allow a change the 800 sq. ft. minimum to include multiple levels was on the agenda at the County Planning Commission at the same time as the PC meeting. They will review county comments and expect to finalize it for presentation to the township board for approval. Resolution 2014-07 offered by Schwantes to adopt the Master Plan as proposed, supported by Peplinski. Roll Call Vote: Peplinski=Yes, Schwantes=Yes, Kelenski=Yes, Wurm=Yes, Pleva=Yes Ayes=5, No=0, Motion carried. The next PC Meeting will be held on April 29, 2014 at 7PM at the Centerville Township Hall. Zoning Administrator (ZA) Report: The Township Board reviewed the ZA report. No Land Use Permits were issued in March. Budget 2014-15: Changes from the annual meeting included increasing the trustee per diem from $80 to $90 per meeting and increasing the clerk's annual wage to $14,500.00. The new budget allows for future contributions for road improvements and vehicle replacement fund for the fire department. Motion by Schwantes to adopt the Centerville Township budget for 2014-15, supported by Pleva. Ayes=5, No=0, Motion carried. Prior to the vote being called a discussion about the administration fee took place. Board agreed to keep the administration fee at this time. A copy of the approved budget is attached to the minutes. After review of the fire department budget, Wurm added $300 to the phone budget item for the AT&T cell phone bills. Motion by Wurm to adopt the Solon-Centerville Fire Department budget for 2014-15, supported by Peplinski. Ayes=5, No=0, Motion carried. Lawn Care: Brian Booth was present for the meeting stating that he will offer his services for the same $1,920 as last year. Motion by Wurm to accept Brian Booth lawn care services at $1,920 paid in 6 equal payments of $320 starting in June to November, supported by Pleva. Ayes=5, No=0, Motion carried. Land Division Ordinance: The ordinance has been written, the application created, and a Q&A to help the applicant complete the land division application should be completed for next month. Fire Board Meeting: The 4 township partnership committee has continued to propose & study issues to organize a partnership of the four townships. Schwantes presented a summary of concerns to the board and plans to attend the Solon Township Board meeting to address the "questions" of the Solon Township board in reference to the partnership. Motion by Schwantes to approve Resolution 2014-06 to place on the August 5, 2014 ballot a renewal of the Fire/Ambulance operational support of .75 Mils for 2014 and 2015, supported by Peplinski. Roll call vote: Pleva=Yes, Wurm=Yes, Kelenski=Yes, Schwantes=Yes, Peplinski=Yes Ayes=5, No=0, Motion carried. This millage will generate approximately $69,746. Currently our support is $80,000 with additional funds for capital expenditures as approved in the township budget. The next Fire Board Meeting will be April 22, 2014 at 7PM at the Cedar Fire Hall. Page 2 of 3 �Draft – 04/09/2014 Review/Approve Township Invoices: Motion by Wurm, seconded by Pleva to approve payment of Centerville Twp. and Solon-Centerville Fire Department invoices and payroll. Ayes=5, No=0, Motion carried. Next Regular Township Board Meeting: The next regular township board meeting will be Wednesday, May 14, 2014 at 7:00PM at the Centerville Township Hall. Adjourn: Meeting adjourned at 9:40PM. David D. Wurm - Township Clerk Page 3 of 3 �November 26, 2013 Draft LCPC Minutes A REGULAR MEETING OF THE LEELANAU COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION (LCPC) WAS HELD ON TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 2013 AT THE LEELANAU COUNTY GOVERNMENT CENTER IN SUTTONS BAY, MICHIGAN. CALL TO ORDER Vice Chairman Charles Godbout called the meeting to order at 7:00 p.m. and led the Pledge of Allegiance. ROLL CALL Members Present: Members Excused: Charles Godbout, Victor Goldschmidt, Richard Kobetz, Bradford Krull, David McCulloch Gerald Bergman, Will Bunek, Dick Figura, Greg Julian, Jessica Lukomski, Fred Cepela Staff Present: Trudy Galla, Kristin Smith Public Present: B. Price, S. Mikowski, M. Mikowski No quorum was present. No official business was conducted at the meeting. CONSIDERATION OF AGENDA None CONFLICT OF INTEREST None PUBLIC COMMENT None STAFF COMMENTS Galla briefly discussed the upcoming Zoning Board of Appeals Workshop put on by Dick Figura, on Wednesday, December 11th at 7:30 PM at the Empire Township Hall. She noted staff is working on some other training sessions that will go through the Education Committee. CONSIDERATION OF THE OCTOBER 29, 2013 MEETING MINUTES None UNFINISHED BUSINESS A. Parks & Recreation Master Plan Smith noted staff has assisted Parks & Recreation with their Master Plan Update. The comments submitted by the Planning Commission were included in the plan. A two week public review period was completed and a public hearing was held at their last meeting. The Park & Recreation Commission voted to forward the Parks & Rec Plan to the County Board for their approval in December. NEW BUSINESS A-1. PC17-13-02 Centerville Township Master Plan Godbout noted since there is not a quorum, there cannot be a motion or vote by the Planning Commission. Commissioners can provide comments if they wish, which can be included with the Staff Report and sent to Centerville Township. Galla reviewed the staff report and suggestions from staff. Galla was not able to clarify on page 9 -1, if the adjacent township of Leland was notified of the planning process, or sent the Plan. She said it needs to be clarified by Centerville Township to make sure they have properly notified everyone. 1 �November 26, 2013 Draft LCPC Minutes Godbout commented there were several places where zoning regulations were discussed for large animal farms. He thought consideration of the Right to Farm Act needed to be included. They can only do zoning that is not in conflict with the Right to Farm Act (RTFA). In one section it was noted the township was planning to submit their zoning ordinance to the Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA) to have it reviewed. If it is approved, then local zoning takes precedence over the RTFA. He noted in a case such as this, the local zoning ordinance is not in conflict with the RTFA’s requirements. Very few municipalities have gone through this process. Kobetz said he had a number of comments and due to the abbreviated meeting he offered to type up and email the comments to staff. Godbout requested a brief summary of the comments from Kobetz. Kobetz summarized the statistics presented at the beginning of the plan should be expanded to include more economic data. He felt this would be more helpful in providing a rational master plan for the township. He noted the golf course is zoned as residential. There is a parcel that is zoned commercial that did not look like it was large enough. He also thought there should be some special designation for federal park land in master plan and zoning ordinance. Kobetz mentioned in Section 7-1 the population was growing slowly, but earlier in the plan it was mentioned the population had increased 16% over the last 10 years, which was significantly more than what was seen in the county or in northern Michigan. (See written comments at the end of the notes.) Goldschmidt thought it took too long to get to the “meat” of the plan. He felt this was more beneficial to a researcher. He thought the plan had a vision statement which was positive, but the plan did not come out and say: “This is the Vision Statement.” He commented while goals and objectives were included in the plan, it does not say who will accomplish them and when. He did not believe the objectives were quantifiable. (See written comments at the end of the notes.) Goldschmidt asked for clarification that Cypher Group, LLC was hired to do the update and is also the Zoning Administrator of Centerville Township. Galla noted it is listed in the staff report under History. The company hired to do the work on the Plan is owned by the zoning administrator. The assistance of the township Recording Secretary was also to be part of the update to the Plan. Galla mentioned while she was not sure she had seen this kind of arrangement before, it was not illegal. Goldschmidt felt it was a conflict of interest, whether perceived or real. Galla stated there was a significant amount of time spent on demographics and data in the plan. Staff did not know if all of the data regarding climate, under Natural Resources, was relevant and would have liked to see more in the later part of the plan concerning the goals and objectives. Planning Commissioners briefly discussed the Future Land Use Map and the parcel designated as recreational, which is not on their current zoning map. Galla believed this area to be the property owned by the Cedar Snowmobile Club (also in Solon Township). Godbout wondered if the property was primarily in Solon Township, but extends into Centerville Township. Members agreed the comments should be sent to the Township, along with the Staff Report. REPORTS A. Parks & Recreation Committee No further report. B. Heritage Route Godbout noted there was a meeting on November 26th, at the Leelanau County Government Center. The section of the Sleeping Bear Heritage Trail (SBHT), Voice Rd. (Empire) to the Dune Climb should be starting in March 2014 and completed by July 4th. There are three small projects, which are privately funded and include a parking area with a pit toilet at Voice Rd and North Bar Lake Rd. A spur will be added from the trail to the Sauger Hill parking lot. They will also be starting construction of a plaza at the Dune Climb (SBHT Head). He noted the National Park Plan includes a proposed mountain bike trail in the section from Echo Valley Rd., to Benzonia Trail to Burnham Rd. 2 �November 26, 2013 Draft LCPC Minutes He stated the next section of the SBHT from Fisher Rd. to Port Oneida will be done in the Spring of 2015 followed by the section from Port Oneida to County Road 669 will be done in the Spring of 2016. C. Education Committee Goldschmidt said the committee is trying to coordinate the next meeting. D. Report from LCPC members of attendance at township/village meetings Krull attended the Glen Arbor Township Board Meeting, maintenance issues were the primary discussion. McCulloch attended a very short Suttons Bay Township Meeting. E. Minutes from Adjoining Counties/City of Traverse City (Cepela) No report. COMMUNICATIONS Planning & Zoning News was distributed to commissioners. Public Comments Price asked Galla if the Cypher Group was people or one person. Galla did not know the answer to his question. Price commented it is his understanding the Cypher Group is the Zoning Administrator for four townships. He is the Zoning Administrator for Leland Township and sits on the Leland Township Board. He also runs his own business called All Permits. He noted it appears to be a conflict of interest. Price discussed the Workshop being presented by Dick Figura at a cost of $35 per person. He thought it was improper for him to advertise at the meeting. Galla clarified that Dick Figura did not distribute the flyer. Staff asked him if it would be alright to distribute the flyer to members, or anyone else who might be interested in the workshop. It was originally to be just for Empire Township officials and Mr. Figura opened it up to others. Price thought if he cared for the county and township he should do the workshop for nothing. Mikowski appreciated Goldschmidt’s comments about the plan. He thought he was seeking brevity. He believed these things go on and on. He noted it is the same situation in Leland Township where they can not have a meeting without a professional planner. He thought the plan could be cut in half and would be just as understandable and effective to administer. Mikowski noted four months ago he presented Judge Roger’s opinion (from 10 years ago) regarding conflict of interest. He presented it to the Leland Township Board when Mr. Cypher was present. Mikowski noted a trustee asked him if he felt Leland Township was having an issue of conflict of interest. He responded: “I don’t know but it is up to you people to decide it.” He was surprised the board did not choose to address it. He thinks that some people in planning and zoning believe doing something, is doing good. Mikowski briefly discussed the 1996 Leland Township Zoning Ordinance. He noted there was a request made to the Chair of the Leland Township Planning Commission, at the next meeting, to produce in writing, the state law that shows Leland Township has zoning. Staff Comments Galla stated the reappointments to the Planning Commission all went through as had been recommended and were recommended at the Executive Committee Meeting, of the County Board. Galla noted the Bass Lake Cottages rezoning request was turned down by the Cleveland Township Board. It was Galla’s understanding the owner was going through with the Notice of Intent to the township. Galla said the window was very small and the owner would probably want assistance from an attorney. She mentioned the township is also considering conditional zoning. She mentioned the new Cleveland Township Zoning Administrator is Bruce Buchan, his first day will be January 1st. 3 �November 26, 2013 Draft LCPC Minutes Regarding the Bass Lake Cottages, the owner would file the Notice of Intent with the Township Clerk, which would give her 30 days to file her petition with the Township Board, that she wanted a referendum on the rezoning request before the citizens. Galla said she did not know if this happened. Galla commented that the process is not something that is usually discussed at local meetings and citizens are generally not aware of this option. She noted she does not advocate for this one way or another, but it is an option. If the proper documents are all filed properly, a local government has to hold a referendum vote. There is a minimum number of signatures of registered voters that needs to be collected. The issue can be put on the next election that is coming up, or a special election is held. Whatever the citizens decide at the election is what happens on the rezoning. COMMISSIONER & CHAIRPERSON COMMENTS Goldschmidt thanked the visitors for attending. He said he has no problems with concerns brought up by citizens. Goldschmidt said he is a certified Zoning Administrator and has training through the Michigan Township Academy as well as Citizen Planner. He is willing to give a presentation similar to the one proposed by Figura. He is willing to help the townships with preparation of their Master Plan, at no cost, except for expenses. He believes we should offer our services as Planning Commissioners in the county to better our townships. McCulloch mentioned he is the President of the disbanded Economic Development Corporation. He commented on the problem of “mishmash” of zoning that prohibits businesses from flourishing. He thought it would really help businesses if the planning commission would meet with the townships to discuss cohesive zoning regulations that are favorable to businesses. Goldschmidt suggested it should be a task of the Education Committee. McCulloch felt the County Commissioners would like to have an Economic Development Committee, rather than a corporation, but have many questions including who to put on the committee, what to charge them with, and what follow-up is necessary for an Economic Development Committee. He believed the Planning Commission has the biggest economic impact on economic development in Leelanau County and it can be done through zoning. McCulloch briefly discussed the grants available for corporate sustainability. Godbout thanked everyone for attending the meeting. The meeting ended at 7:47 PM. Commissioner Comments Richard Kobetz Section 1 1.3 Consider revising the statement that farming and tourism are the township’s primary anchors as it does not appear to be supported by the Census and economic data provided. Section 2 The statistics indicate that Centerville Township is a bedroom community for workers commuting outside the township and a magnet for families seeking a vacation/retirement home. The charts show that the majority of employed residents living in Centerville Township work in professional, managerial, service or sales positions. Since there are almost none of these types of positions available in the township, except in the case of home-based businesses, it means that these workers are employed outside the township and bring their income into the township. Consideration should be given to the fact that many types of housing stock and small parcel communities are available in the greater Traverse City area, however township residents choose to commute to town and live in a rural area on larger acreage parcels. ‘Agriculture’ accounts for less than two percent of employment and is the lowest percentage of all categories. ‘Construction’ is less than thirteen percent of employment, and is the third lowest percentage of occupations, just ahead of 4 �November 26, 2013 Draft LCPC Minutes ‘Unlisted’. ‘Tourism’ is not listed in occupations; it is not identified as a use sector on the map; and there is no indication of the revenue generated by tourism in Centerville Township. This would indicate that farming and tourism may not be the township’s primary anchors (or sources of revenue) as stated in Section 1.3 of the Introduction. The data also shows that agricultural land, taxed at a lower rate, provides at best about one quarter of the tax base in the township, with residential land providing almost all of the remaining three quarters. In addition, there are portions of the township farmland that are owned by entities residing outside the township, which means that the profits generated by these lands are taken out of the township. In crafting a plan to preserve the scenic, pastoral setting of Centerville Township, it will be important to balance the amount of land preserved as farmland with the potential for increasing revenue from residential properties. Agriculture is changing and the demand for agricultural workers is not increasing. The climate in this area also limits the length of the growing season and the types of crops that can be grown. The costs associated with the climate and the distance from major cities also limits the potential for growth in animal agriculture. There are no assurances that the land being preserved as farmland will be financially viable with respect to farming (even when land is more modestly priced) or that the land will be actively farmed 5, 10 or 15 years from now. It would appear that the best path for balancing and preserving the area’s natural beauty, while maintaining and growing a stable revenue stream, and retaining the flexibility of land use would be to establish larger parcel sizes of 3, 5 or 7 acres to control density. It may be prudent to be open to alternative uses for farmland over the next 25 years so that the township retains its options and flexibility and avoids the unintended consequences resulting from locking up large parcels of land with a reduced revenue stream. Section 3 3.2 Clarify the precipitation/snowfall numbers in Table 3-2. Does the table mean that, on an average, the township gets 2.51 inches of rain, and 45.3 inches of snow? Snowfall is also precipitation; in general, eight to eleven inches of snow is equal to one inch of precipitation. Table 3-2 should be revised for accuracy and clarification. 3.5 Table 3-5, in the northwest corner of the township identifies portions of the Federal Park as agricultural land; this should be verified and corrected if needed. Federal land should be excluded from the agricultural identity and have its own designation. Section 4 Figure 4-1 shows portions of the Federal Park in the northwest corner of the township, but south of M22 as agricultural. Also, the commercial parcel(s) northwest of the intersection of CR651 and Bodus Road appear to be smaller than they look to be when driving by; the U-Store facility on the west extends noticeably further north than the Sugarfoot property on the east. The golf course parcel at the northeast corner of the intersection of Townline and Bodus Roads is shown as residential. These should be verified and corrected as needed. Section 6 6.1 Fifth line: Add “and other structures” after “buildings”. 6.3 The economic data in Section 2, appears to contradict the statement that “Agriculture and agriculture-related businesses are a critical part of the township’s economy” when it is the residential income and residential tax revenue sector that provides the bulk of the income for the township, 5 �November 26, 2013 Draft LCPC Minutes Again, it would be prudent to be open to alternative uses for farmland over the next 25 years so that the township retains its options and flexibility and avoids the unintended consequences resulting from locking up large parcels of land with a reduced revenue stream. Farming and farming activities are already protected under law; further constraints should not be part of the Master Plan. Section 7 Stating that the “Population is growing slowly” should be reconsidered as the township’s population increased by over sixteen percent in ten years as compared with the county and state figures which indicate a relatively steady or decreasing population. Objectives 1 and 3: Again, preserving farmland does not ensure that farming will be viable or profitable in 5, 10 or 15 years. Again, it may be prudent to be open to alternative uses for farmland over the next 25 years so that the township retains its options and flexibility and avoids the unintended consequences resulting from locking up large parcels of land with a reduced revenue stream. High-density cluster developments may have little or no attraction for individuals seeking a home or vacation/retirement property in a rural setting. Limiting development to specific areas or clusters may significantly depress long-term property values as property owners reject Centerville Township in favor of townships with less restrictions on rural development. This would negatively impact residential tax revenue and eliminate any potential for growing residential tax revenue in the future, making the township dependent on the revenue from farmland which is currently taxed at a lower rate. Note that the objective of the development of large-scale animal agriculture is not discussed anywhere in master plan; the only previous discussion of this topic is in Section 3.6.1, which refers to the pollution that may be caused by these operations. Development of large-scale animal agriculture should not be an objective until the industry has been well researched and its viability, economics and impacts are understood. Section 8 The Federal parkland is shown as agricultural in Figure 8-1; this should be verified. The Federal land should have its own designation. Comments on Centerville Master Plan Victor Goldschmidt General Comments: 1) Chapter 1, interesting but considerable duplication and too much prose. Having had an “executive summary” up front might have assisted a fast reader. 2) Chapter 2, lots of data, but no analysis. So what is the inference? What is the impact of all this data on planning? 3) Chapter 3 begins with redundancy. How many times do we have to hear that there are no villages? Interesting to see such a brief summary (3.8) with so much data overload prior to that. The use of Appendices is encouraged; keep all the details in an appendix, and the implication of all that data in the body of the text. Appendix A is a good example of the benefit of placing data in the back of the document. 4) Chapter 6 starts to be definitive; three “challenges” are clearly stated. This is good. These are in part based on property owner surveys. Was there an attempt to see how the answers might have differed according to three different constituents (full time residents not engaged in farming, non-resident property owners, full time residents and farmers)? 6 �November 26, 2013 Draft LCPC Minutes 5) Could 7.1 be condensed, as a “vision statement”: “Environmentally, Socially and Economically Resilient for the present and future generations of residents”. If so, clearly so state and highlight it boldly. (And be prepared to define what it means….). A vision statement that is not clear, concise, and fully embraced by all is meaningless. 6) Chapter 7 is the core of the Plan. A vision has been given, and the present defined, and the proposed goals/objectives to move in that direction are now presented. An ideal plan includes objectives with a statement not only of the “what” but also the “by when” and “by whom”. The outcomes should also be measurable. 7) 8.1.1 Did those involved in farming have unique input into this and similar objectives? Editorial/minor Comments: 1) My impression was that the Michigan Planning Enabling Act, Act 33, of 2008, was an amendment, and hence replacement of the Township Planning Act, Act 168 of 1959. 2) I do believe there are other references for Population than the NMCoG, and updated beyond 2010 3) 2.6 says that 278 are enrolled in school. Does this mean K-12? Does it include residents in school beyond K-12? 4) 2.7 best clarify that the “median” rent is a monthly rent; and also how many months of the year. I do wonder how this median rent was determined for the case of summer rentals. I suspect there was some averaging over a year. 5) Give the year for the data in Table 3-2; or is this an average for 10 years, or whatever. 6) 3.4.2 is hard to read 7) Whew, finally got to section 3.8 8) 4.1, all these data have been given already! The document is tirelessly filled with redundancy. 9) 7.2.3.1 objective 1, what does sensate mean? 7 �MASTER PLAN REQUIRED MAILINGS 10/26/13 Peggy Core Bingham Township Clerk 7171 S. Center Highway Traverse City, MI 49684 Jan Nowak Cleveland Township Clerk 1802 E Old Mountain Road Cedar, MI 49621 Jane M. Keen Leland Township Clerk 123 N. St. Joseph Street Lake Leelanau, MI 49653 Shirley Mikowski Solon Township Clerk Address:P.O. Box 253 Cedar, MI 49621 Traci Cruz Kasson Township Clerk PO Box 62 Maple City, MI 49664 Sandy Van Huystee Suttons Bay Township Clerk P.O. Box 457 Suttons Bay, MI 48682 Connie M. Preston Elmwood Township Clerk 10090 E. Lincoln Rd. Traverse City, MI 49684 �Leelanau County Road Commission 10550 E. Eckerle Road Suttons Bay MI 49682 Trudy Galla, AICP 8527 E. Government Center Dr. Suite 108 Suttons Bay, MI 49682 Cherryland Rural Electric Coopertive 5930 U.S. 31 Grawn, MI 49637 Consumers Power Company Consumers Energy Lansing, MI 48937-0001 �NEW BUSINESS A-1 CHECKLIST FOR REVIEW OF MASTER PLANS PC 13-17-02, Centerville Township Master Plan Update Reviewing Entity: Leelanau County Planning Commission Date of Review: November 26, 2013 SECTION 1: GENERAL INFORMATION Date Request Received: Requested Action: Applicant: October 30, 2013 (42 day review period for updates of Plans, per Public Act) Review and comment on the proposed Centerville Township Master Plan Update. Centerville Township Planning Commission Tim Johnson, Chairman SECTION 2: TOWNSHIP ACTION At their September 11, 2013 meeting, the Centerville Township Board approved a motion to send the draft master plan to neighboring townships and schools for comments per the Michigan Enabling Act. Minutes are available: http://www.leelanau.cc/government728680.asp SECTION 3: BASIS FOR PLAN REVIEW Section 41 of the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (PA 33 of 2008, as amended), requires a copy of a Plan or extension, addition, revision of other amendment of a Plan to be submitted to the county planning commission for review and comment. The review period for an extension, addition, revision, or other amendment is 42 days. Section 41. 3. If the county planning commission or the county board of commissioners that receives a copy of a proposed master plan under subsection (2)(e) submits comments, the comments shall include, but need not be limited to, both of the following, as applicable: (a) A statement whether the county planning commission or county board of commissioners considers the proposed master plan to be inconsistent with the master plan of any municipality or region described in subsection (2)(a) or (d). (b) If the county has a county master plan, a statement whether the county planning commission considers the proposed master plan to be inconsistent with the county master plan. (4) The statements provided for in subsection (3)(a) and (b) are advisory only. Notice of the draft plan was received by staff on October 30, 2013. 1 �SECTION 4: HISTORY The proposed Plan is an update to the Plan adopted in 2005. At their September 8, 2010 meeting, the Centerville Township Board reviewed and approved a recommendation from the Township Planning Commission to hire Cypher Group, LLC, to conduct a survey of citizens and update the Master Plan (also noted on page 1-1 of the Plan). Cypher Group, Inc. is owned by the Township Zoning Administrator; and the proposal included assistance by the Recording Secretary for the Township. In December of 2010, a township survey was mailed out in the tax bills. The results from the Survey (collected in 2011) are included in the Appendix of the update to the Master Plan, and were used in preparing the 2013 update. The Township has been working for the last couple of years on this Plan update. Township planning commission minutes from previous meetings are found online at: http://leelanau.cc/government118987.asp SECTION 5: ANALYSIS The Principal Goal of the Leelanau General Plan is to establish a strategy for meaningful growth that protects, and where possible, enhances the unique character and quality of life on the peninsula by focusing on the balance of environmental protection, resource management and economic development so as to provide a foundation for a sustainable economy that permits long term prosperity for all present and future Leelanau County residents. The proposed amendment to the Master Plan has been reviewed for consistency with these policies (A., B., C., and D. below) A. Intergovernmental and Regional Context A partnership founded on mutual respect and mutual support in achievement of the common goals of the General Plan should guide the development and implementation of new relationships between the County and local units of government in the County and between the County and adjoining counties in the region. Does the proposed plan strive for greater cooperation between neighboring units of government? Yes. In section 1.1 Plan Development Process, the Leelanau General Plan is referenced and it is mentioned that the information gathered and compiled for the county-wide process was considered and utilized as appropriate in the development of the Centerville Township Master Plan. It is also noted the county planning umbrella has the added advantage of linking all local governments in coordinated planning for the Leelanau Peninsula. B. Preservation of Peninsula Character The interdependence of the natural and people-made features on the peninsula that make up its rural character, with the activities that comprise its economic base require that future land use change on the peninsula not undermine and where possible enhance the character of the area around it, and in so doing contribute to the unique rural character of the area around it, and to protection of the unique rural character of the entire Leelanau Peninsula. Does the proposed plan include strategies for the preservation of rural and small-town character? 2 �Yes. In section 1.3 General Character, it is noted that land in Centerville Township is comprised of wooded or vacant fields along with large acreages planted in fruit trees and other crops. There are no villages located in Centerville Township. Preserving the peaceful rural character and scenic beauty was desired by Centerville Township residents according to the 2011 survey and is part of the Community Vision Statement. Under 7.2.1 Land Use Goal, action steps are listed to minimize the loss of farmland, forestland and open space. Under 7.2.2 Agricultural Support Goal, action steps are listed to preserve the scenic and rural character of the agricultural landscape. C. Working with Nature Extensive and diverse sensitive natural features found throughout the peninsula provide the foundation for the present and future quality of life on the peninsula and should be protected where pristine, restored where damaged and have access and use managed for long term sustainability everywhere else. Does the proposed plan include strategies for environmental protection, restoration, and management? Yes. In Section 3.8 it is noted the natural resources in Centerville Township are relatively unimpaired, however they are extremely vulnerable. It is also noted, according to the community survey, the agricultural resources and scenic features are highly valued by the residents of the township and need continued protection. D. Managed Growth Local land use or comprehensive plans and local development regulations should be updated and thereafter maintained to include goals, objectives, policies and strategies for managed future growth consistent with the Leelanau General Plan. Local plans should include more specific land use and density proposals at the parcel specific level. Local regulations should focus on design and other issues of local significance. Public facilities should all be constructed according to local capital improvement programs that are coordinated at all governmental levels on the Peninsula. Does the proposed plan include parcel-specific future land use recommendations (map)? Yes. Figure 8-1, page 8-3 is a parcel-specific future land use map. Does the proposed plan include design guidelines? Yes. The plan addresses several specific land use issues in Chapter 6 that were identified as important by the Township Planning Commission and township residents including: Views and Ridgeline Development, Keyhole Development and Farmland and Open Space Preservation. Section 7.2.4 offers action steps regarding affordable housing and support of an aging demographic in addition to protecting the residential areas from negative impacts of incompatible uses. SECTION 6: STAFF COMMENTS This request is for review and comments from the Leelanau County Planning Commission on the proposed Centerville Township Master Plan, which is an update to the Comprehensive Plan of 2005. Centerville Township’s first Master Plan was enacted in 1996. 3 �Section 43 of the Planning Enabling Act allows for the legislative body (Township Board) to have final approval of the Plan, provided the Township Board passes a resolution to that effect. If the Centerville Township Board has approved such a resolution, the final action for approval of the Plan will be taken by the Board. If the Township Board does not approve a resolution, the township planning commission will take final action on the Plan. The following sections are from the Planning Enabling Act: Section 43 of the Act states: (3) Approval of the proposed master plan by the planning commission under subsection (2) is the final step for adoption of the master plan, unless the legislative body by resolution has asserted the right to approve or reject the master plan. In that case, after approval of the proposed master plan by the planning commission, the legislative body shall approve or reject the proposed master plan. A statement recording the legislative body's approval of the master plan, signed by the clerk of the legislative body, shall be included on the inside of the front or back cover of the master plan and, if the future land use map is a separate document from the text of the master plan, on the future land use map. • • • • • • The master plan must include an explanation for how the land use categories on the future land use map relate to the districts on the zoning map. Means of implementing the master street plan in cooperation with the county road commission and MDOT must be specified if the master plan includes a master street plan. Provides for electronic copies of the plan to be substituted for printed copies. Adjacent communities and the county are required to receive notice of the plan public hearing for townships. Planning commission and legislative body approval of the master plan must be included in the plan and on the future land use map. Adjacent communities have 42 days to review plans. Sec. 33. (1) A master plan shall address land use and infrastructure issues and may project 20 years or more into the future. A master plan shall include maps, plats, charts, and descriptive, explanatory, and other related matter and shall show the planning commission's recommendations for the physical development of the planning jurisdiction. (2) A master plan shall also include those of the following subjects that reasonably can be considered as pertinent to the future development of the planning jurisdiction: (a) A land use plan that consists in part of a classification and allocation of land for agriculture, residences, commerce, industry, recreation, ways and grounds, public buildings, schools, soil conservation, forests, woodlots, open space, wildlife refuges, and other uses and purposes. If a county has not adopted a zoning ordinance under former 1943 PA 183 or the Michigan zoning enabling act, 2006 PA 110, MCL 125.3101 to 125.3702, a land use plan and program for the county may be a general plan with a generalized future land use map. (b) The general location, character, and extent of streets, railroads, airports, bicycle paths, pedestrian ways, bridges, waterways, and waterfront developments; sanitary sewers and water supply systems; facilities for flood prevention, drainage, pollution prevention, and maintenance of water levels; and public utilities and structures. (c) Recommendations as to the general character, extent, and layout of redevelopment 4 �or rehabilitation of blighted areas; and the removal, relocation, widening, narrowing, vacating, abandonment, change of use, or extension of streets, grounds, open spaces, buildings, utilities, or other facilities. (d) For a local unit of government that has adopted a zoning ordinance, a zoning plan for various zoning districts controlling the height, area, bulk, location, and use of buildings and premises. The zoning plan shall include an explanation of how the land use categories on the future land use map relate to the districts on the zoning map. (e) Recommendations for implementing any of the master plan's proposals. Staff notes the following small formatting issues, and suggestions: Page 1-1, 1st paragraph: clarify that it was the 2005 Plan which was prepared under Public Act 168 of 1959, such as: “It was originally prepared according to the provisions of…” Page 1-2, 3rd paragraph under 1.3 General Character – change the word “shores” to ‘shore’ to read: “…along the western shore of Lake Leelanau”. Page 1-2, bottom paragraph: list the County Road #’s along with the official road names, according to the Leelanau County Master Street Address Guide: “S. Good Harbor Trl (651), S. Schomberg Rd. (645), and S. Lakeshore Dr. (643).” For all maps in the Plan – if the maps do not need any changes, such as the Location Map (Figure 1-1), change the date on the Map to 2013. Page 1-3, 2nd paragraph, place the word ‘of’ after ‘favor’ to read: ‘…was discontinued in favor of the rural delivery from Cedar in 1912”. Next paragraph, change the road names to the official road names: “S. Good Harbor Trl (651), and E. Bodus Rd.”. Page 2-1, 2nd paragraph – there are only 3 incorporated villages in the county: Empire, Northport, and Suttons Bay. All other communities are referred to as ‘towns’ or ‘unincorporated villages’. Page 2-5, 1st paragraph, insert a space before the 2nd sentence. Next paragraph, spell out CSA’s (Community Supported Agricultural). Section 2.6 Education – there are home-schooled students in the Township. If information is available on the number, percent and educational attainment for home-schooled students, it would be helpful to enter it in this table. Page 2-6, top paragraph, the median rent of $565 seems low. Is this a year-round, monthly rental rate? Chapter 3, Natural Resources, is the longest chapter in the Plan (12 pages and 7 maps) and includes a lot of data on Climate, Geology, Topography, Soils, and Water. Is it relevant to the Plan and the Goals of the Plan to include average temperatures and precipitation by month for the Township? On the Maps, it would be beneficial to put the County Road #’s on the maps (651, 643, 645, 620). 5 �Page 3-10, top of page, additional suggestions for curbing pollution could include: proper disposal of hazardous materials such as household hazardous materials collections, and information on purchasing non-toxic materials for cleaning, painting, etc. Page 3-11, Section 3.7, place a space between “PA” and “451” on the first line, change the word “Divisions” to “Division” on the 3rd line, change the word “is” in the last line to “are”. Chapter 4, Existing Land Use, 1st paragraph, “change the Planning Department name to “Leelanau County Planning & Community Development”. This paragraph also notes the 2006 aerials for the county were utilized; the county has 2012 aerials which were available in late summer of 2012. While it is included in the next Chapter, it would be helpful in Chapter 4 to identify, and map, the P.A. 116 lands, Conservancy “Farmability” lands, any lands owned by the Conservancy, Wetland Preserve lands, and Commercial Forestry lands. These maps would provide a good visual of the properties in the township which fall under one or more of the above categories. Information could also be shown for any expiration dates of lands under these categories. (Ex. P.A. 116 program – expires 2020.) Page 4-3, Section 4.1.7, identify official road names as: “E. Bodus Rd., and S. Good Harbor Trl (651). Page 5-1, spell out MPSC and FCC. Under 5.2 Township Schools, remove the word ‘below’ in the last sentence: (See Figure 5-2 below) as Figure 5-2 is actually on the next page. Page 5.3, 2nd line, change the word ‘for’ to ‘by’ to read: “….are provided by Solon/Centerville Fire Department located in Cedar”. In the next paragraph, change “Sheriff’s” to “Sheriff”. Page 5-3, Section 5.5, there is no longer a recycling location in Lake Leelanau, and Lake Leelanau and Cedar are not incorporated villages – they are referred to as towns, or unincorporated villages. Page 5-3, Section 5.6, Bay Area Transit Authority, is actually “Bay Area Transportation Authority”. In this section, the last paragraph lists the County Road #’s with the Road names. As staff noted earlier, these County Road #’s should be used consistently throughout the document and on the maps. The official road names as listed in this paragraph are: “S. French Rd (645), S. Good Harbor Trl (651), S. Lakeshore Dr. (643), and E. Hohnke Rd. (620)”. Chapter 5 includes a Figure 5-2 (on page 5-2), and then jumps to Figure 5-6. There are no maps labeled 5-3, 5-4 or 5-5. Figure 5-6 should be labeled as 5-3. Chapter 6, 1st paragraph references a Survey. There are references throughout the document to this Survey and it is referenced in different ways: Centerville Township Property Owners Survey, Citizen Survey, 2011 Survey, 2011 Centerville Township Survey. Staff suggests the first time it is listed in the document, list it as: “Centerville Township Property Owners Survey of 2011 (2011 Survey); and then be identified as the 2011 Survey throughout the remainder of the document for consistency and clarity. The first time mentioned in the Plan could also note that results from the Survey are included in the Appendix. Chapter 6, 6.1 first paragraph states: “….in a manner with less visual impact”. What does ‘less visual impact mean? And less visual impact for whom? 6 �Chapter 6, 1st full paragraph on page 6-2, says “Centerville Township is supportive of any available option for the preservation of farmland and open space”. Does the Township want to commit itself to ‘any available option’? What about a special millage or increased taxes? Staff suggests deleting the words “any available” and say that the Township is supportive of ‘options’ or ‘methods’. Chapter 7, page 7-1, 2nd sentence states the Township is ‘growing slowly’ – is this in comparison to the growth of the County, or perhaps the state? Chapter 7, page 7-1 under 7-2 Summary of Goals, the first sentence would be clearer if written as: “The 2011 Survey, previously discussed, identified some general concerns…”. Chapter 7, page 7-2, Objective 1 – uses words such as ‘Require’ cluster developments, and ‘Maintain’ a 1.5 acre minimum lot size. The other Objectives use words such as ‘support, coordinate, identify. Requirements and regulations will be spelled out in the zoning ordinance. Staff suggests the Township use consistent words and phrases in the Goals and Objectives (support, coordinate, etc.) on this page, as well as on page 7-3 in the bullet points under Objective 1: Preserve the Scenic and Rural character of the agricultural landscape. On page 7-2, Objective 2 identifies Cedar and Lake Leelanau as ‘villages’. See previous comments in the staff report regarding the villages in the county. Chapter 7, page 7-3, what kind of public and/or private facilities are referred to in Objective 2: “Promote public and/or private facilities in which local products can be sold”? Chapter 7, page 7-4 1st objective – should it say: “Encourage sensitive site planning”? Chapter 7, page 7-5, Objective 1 says “Allow affordable housing”. Staff suggests: “Encourage affordable housing”. The 3rd bullet states: “encourage community sewer and water systems”. Where in the township will this be encouraged? Objective 2 says “consider allowing”….staff suggests: “Explore the use of accessory dwelling for family members”. Chapter 7, page 7-6, Objective 1, 3rd bullet says: “Work cooperatively with local economic development groups to retain and attract business”. What type of businesses, and where? Section 7.2.7, page 7-7, 2nd bullet states: “support expansion and improvement of broadband infrastructure within the township”. How will the township do this? Bullets do not always line up. See bullets in 7.2.1 & 7.2.4 Objectives 1 & 2 as an example. Section 7.2.7 First objective on page 7-8, the township has listed: “promote safe pedestrian and bicycle travel by developing and designating non-motorized pathways and routes”. Is Centerville Township prepared to incur the cost for development of these pathways and routes? Next section, 2nd bullet – close up the space between the words ‘tourist’ and ‘use’. Chapter 8, 8.1.1. – insert (GAAMPs) after Generally Accepted Agricultural and Management Practices. In the document, Sugar Loaf is listed as 2 words (Sugar Loaf) and one word (Sugarloaf). List the same way throughout the document. 7 �Chapter 8, 8.3.2 Commercial Resort – last sentence change to read: “The uses allowed under this designation should be reviewed to assure they are compatible with the goals of the township Master Plan. Figure 8-2, page 8-4, the Current Zoning Map is title ‘Appendix A’ but is included right before Chapter 9. Change the title, or place it in the Appendix. Chapter 9, page 9-1, 1st paragraph – Leland Township is not listed as an adjacent Township the Plan was distributed to. Insert the word County for “Leelanau County Planning Commission”. Chapter 9, page 9-1, Plan Adoption, last sentence, change the date to 2013, instead of 2012. Chapter 9, page 9-2, Zoning, the date the 1st Zoning Ordinance was adopted should be on file with the Township Clerk. Or, the Township could check with the County Clerk to see if the ordinance was filed at the County level. Appendix A, page 10-1, the top of the Property Owner Survey Results states the survey was conducted in ‘December of 2010’ but the Survey is referred to as ‘2011 Survey’ in the Plan. Appendix A should also note a Source for the preparation and distribution of the Survey, and for assembling the results. The Township could make Appendix A – Citizen Survey Findings, into a separate document/working paper to help reduce the overall size of the plan. This separate document could also include an original, blank copy of the Survey that was mailed. As noted earlier in the staff report, Section 43 of the Planning Enabling Act allows for the legislative body to have final approval of the Plan, provided the Centerville Township Board passes a resolution to that effect. The October 29, 2013 minutes of the Centerville Township Planning Commission show that the Township Board would like a legal review of the draft Master Plan to be the very last step of the process. However it is not indicated whether the Township Board has elected to take final action on the Plan; or passed a resolution consistent with the requirement of the Planning Enabling Act. Staff notes that a legal review is not a requirement for adoption of the Master Plan. It is up to the township if they would like to have such a review. It is more typical that a Zoning Ordinance, which regulates land use in the township, would undergo a legal review prior to adoption. The Township has worked on the update to the Plan for the last couple years and conducted the background studies to support the changes to the Plan. The list of suggested changes by Staff primarily address grammar, spelling, and clarification issues. Staff found the update to the Plan to be consistent with the requirements of the Planning Enabling Act. Staff found the timeline on the last page of the Master Plan to be helpful to verify that proper planning practice has been followed according to the Planning Act. Staff did not find the Update to the Centerville Township Master Plan to be inconsistent with the Leelanau General Plan or with plans from adjacent municipalities in the county. However, the Township should check to make sure that Leland Township received proper notification (see earlier note, Chapter 9, page 9-1). 8 �APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Results compiled April 2011 Centerville Township Master Plan – Update Appendix A: Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan - Update A t ow nshi p citizen su rvey was ma iled to all property owners in Ce nterville Townsh ip in December of 2010. Th e survey results we re com pil ed in Ap ril 2011, and t h roughout t he Master Plan , th e survey is refer red to as the "2011 Survey". Th e survey co llected res ponses t o questions covering a numberof different topics in cludin g na t ural resources, recreation, tran spo rtation, housing and economics. Cen te rvi lle Towns hip mai led out 1,113 survey questi onnaires to To wnship prop e rty owners . A total of 413 surveys we re completed and re turn ed, for a return ra te of 37 %. Of the survey respondents, 52 % are year- round Cent erville Tow ns hip reside nts and 40% indicated th ey have lived in th e Towns hip for more t han 20 yea rs. Of the su rvey responde nts (50%) in dicated preference fo r "p lanned and limited growth". Thirty-fi ve pe rcent wanted growth to take its own cou rse . Regard ing services, over 82% of the res ponde nts conside r road maintenance to be adequate and over 61% consid e r park facil it ies to be adequa te. The su rvey res po ndents answe red some o pen-ended questions and identified li kes, dislikes and concerns. Responde nts gene ra lly think the to wns hip sh ould work to preserve undevelo ped s horeline, slow th e conve rsion offarm lan d to resi dent ial use and limit ridgeline deve lo p ment . When asked wh ich best describes o pen spa ce, the foll owi ng term s were se lected in o rder of importance, (1) scen ic view, (2) farmland, (3) forest/ wetl ands. An a rea of co ncern identified in the su rvey was th e preservation o f open space and va can t waterfron t . A. Growth Management A.1 The issue of controlling growth and development can be co ntroversial. Please check the statement that most closely matches your views about growth in Centerville Tow nship . Growth take its course 35% Planned & Limite d Growth 50% 10-1 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update B. Housing B.1 The mix of housing in the township meets the needs No Response 7% Disagree 9% Agree 52% Neutral 32% B. Housing B.2 Adequate affordable housing is available No Response 6% Disagree 19% Agree 41% Neutral 34% 10-2 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update B.Housing B.3 Rental acessory appartments should be allowed No Response 10% Agree 25% Disagree 30% Neutral 35% B.3 Housing B.3a Of those that answered in favor of rental acessory apartments being allowed, if so, how long? Never 10% 2‐3 Wks 10% Monthly 30% Forever 40% 1 year 10% 10-3 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update B.Housing B.4 What other housing related concerns should the township consider?                         No mobile homes Remove unlivable mobile homes No trailer parks Eliminate trailers outside of parks Limit minimum of 10 acres Water quality Smart growth with small lots and consolidated housing Code enforcements No condos / multi‐plex housing Multiple housing Apartment living Lower property taxes Tax assessments Reducing taxes / reducing services Trash ordinance Unkept property United Waste Management Limit number of condo communities Permanent housing only ‐ min. sq. ft., min. acreage Monitor exterior appearance Maintain agriculture appearance Min size should be less than 800 sq. ft to avoid forcing people into mobile homes Affordable cluster housing at Sugarloaf Cluster  Zoning  Contextual vernacular  Stay out of it B. Housing B.5 Should mobile home parks be allowed in all zoining districts? No Response 4% Yes 3% Neutral 10% No 83% 10-4 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update C. Land Use and the Environment C.1 In waterfront areas of the township, do you support the clustering of several homes close together? No Response 3% Support 19% Not Sure 23% Not Support 55% C. Land Use and the Environment C.2 In water front areas of the township, do you support clustered housing with open space? No Response 2% Not Sure 22% Support 46% Not Support 30% 10- 5 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update C. Land Use and the Environment C.3 Should fertilizer use on waterfont properties be regulated to protect the water quality of lakes and streams? No 11% No Response 1% Neutral 14% Yes 74% C. Land Use and the Environment C.4 Should ridgeline development be limited? No Response 3% No 19% Yes 49% Neutral 29% 10- 6 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update C.5 Which of the following best describes what "Open Space" means to you? (ranked in order of 1‐6 with 1 being the best) #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Pasture/Meadow Forest Scenic Views Farmland Wetlands Parks/Sports Fields C. Land Use and the Environment C.6 Should tourist and event activities be allowed on ag/farmland (ag tourism)? No 10% No Response 4% Neutral 26% Yes 60% 10-7 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update C. Land Use and the Environment C.7 Should open spaces and vacant waterfront be preserved? No 7% No Response 3% Neutral 25% Yes 65% C. Land Use and the Environment C.8 Should Centerville Township buy/preserve undeveloped land to protect natural features or scenic viewsheds? No Response 4% No 26% Yes 48% Neutral 22% 10-8 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update C. Land Use and the Environment C.8 Should Centerville Township buy/preserve undeveloped land to protect natural features or scenic viewsheds? a. only if available for public use No Response 19% Yes 34% No 24% Neutral 23% C. Land Use and the Environment C.8 Should Centerville Township buy/preserve undeveloped land to protect natural features or scenic viewsheds? b. even if not available for public use No Response 21% Yes 22% Neutral 24% No 33% 10-9 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update C. Land Use and the Environment C.8 Should Centerville Township buy/preserve undeveloped land to protect natural features or scenic viewsheds? c. what specific locations or views should be preserved? (Top responses out of 69 total responses) Cedar River 6% View by Bel Lago 6% Waterfront 17% Narrows 6% Shoreline 5% Farmland 15% Forest 7% Hilltop Views 7% Lakeviews 13% Sugarloaf Mtn 9% Other Comments: If I want to preserve land, I will buy it. Taxes are already too high. Talk to Leelanau Conservancy Would the township sell out to investors if money were needed? Not right Taxpayers should own Sugarloaf Those that preserve rural character protect conservation values If it raises taxes, absolutely not. Scenic Views 9% C. Land Use and the Environment C.9 To preserve Open Spaces, would you contribute by increased taxes or a special assesment/millage rate? No Response 8% Yes 40% No 52% 10-10 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update C. Land Use and the Environment C.10 Should we promote slowing the conversion of farmland to residential uses? No Response 1% No 22% Yes 61% Neutral 16% C. Land Use and the Environment C.11 Should we mandate more open space preservation as a requirement? No Response 11% Yes 40% No 26% Neutral 23% 10-11 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update C. Land Use and the Environment C.12 Which are the two most important reasons to preserve farmland in Centerville Township? f. 1% g. 3% No Response 1% e. 14% a. 29% d. 14% b. 13% a.To preserve the scenic beauty and rural character of the Township b.To make it easier to transfer farms to family members or other farmers c.To preserve family farms and the township’s farm economy d.To maintain the ability to grow food in the future e.To protect the natural environment and wildlife habitat f.Other: (see below) g.Having a farmland preservation program is not important f. Other Comments: Let private land owners control this (x3) Stay out of it Preserve owners rights To save farms Not needed; taxpayers should not support To maintain open space and affordable places so our kids don’t move away c. 25% D. Economy D.1 Are employment opportunities in Centerville Township too dependent on seasonal or ag tourism businesses? No Response 3% No 16% Yes 45% Neutral 36% 10-12 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update D. Economy D.2 Would you like to expand the commercial/business zoning districts in the township or promote growth in the existing surrounding villages? Expand Districts 15% No Response 15% Neither 1% Both 1% Promote Growth in Villages 68% D. Economy D.3 What types of businesses are needed? (Top 10 responses out of 119 responses ) Profitable ones Anything / any to put people to work/ provides jobs Tourist related businesses Grocery Pharmacy Resorts / Lodging / Motel Get Sugarloaf to open / skiing Small Manufacturing Restaurants Retail Technology / Software / Computer Service businesses 10-13 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update D. Economy D.4 How much new business would you like to see in Centerville Township and where? (61 responded) As population supports 3% Enough to boost employment 2% Near Bodus & 651 3% Home businesses 5% Village area / existing community 26% Moderate amount near established communities 5% On farms / ag 10% At Sugarloaf / "new village" at Sugarloaf 12% Small / limited amount 21% Cedar 13% D. Economy D.5 Should the Township encourage business growth to provide more employment opportunties? No Response 8% No 15% Yes 53% Neutral 24% 10-14 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update D. Economy D.6 Do you work in? Not Working 6% Downstate/Other 3% No Response 10% Retired 38% Centerville 12% TC Area 15% Leelanau Co 16% D. Economy D.7 Should home occupations be allowed to expand into full commercial operations as long as the character of the township is kept intact? No Response 5% No 16% Yes 57% Neutral 22% 10- 15 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update E. Services E.1 Road maintenance by the Road Commission is adequate. Disagree 5% No Response 1% Neutral 13% Agree 81% E. Services E.2 The road maintenance/improvements schedule should be accelerated at additional taxpayers' expense. No Response 2% Agree 6% Neutral 27% Disagree 65% 10- 16 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update E. Services E.3 Would you support paving of road shoulders for bike paths? No Response 0% No 39% Yes 47% Neutral 14% E. Services E.4 Would you support a special assessment or millage for that purpose? ( bike paths) No Response 3% Yes 37% No 60% 10- 17 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update E. Services E.5 What specific road(s) would you want improved. (Top 10 responses out of 77 total responses) Bodus Amore Good Harbor Tr/651 Schomberg All Lakeshore/643 Hohnke French M‐22 Townline E. Services E.6 Advance Life Support should be offered by the local Solon/Centerville Fire Department. No Response 6% Disagree 4% Neutral 32% Agree 58% 10- 18 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update E. Services E.7 Would you support a special assessment for that purpose? (advance life support) No Response 12% Yes 52% No 36% E. Services E.8 Park facilities in Centerville Township are adequate No Response 5% Disagree 9% Neutral 25% Agree 61% 10- 19 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update E. Services E.9 Cemetery facilities in the Township are adequate. Disagree 3% No Response 6% Agree 45% Neutral 46% E. Services E.10 Do you support having regular business hours for Township Officials? No Response 8% Yes 34% No 58% 10- 20 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update E. Services E.11 If so, would you be willing to pay additional taxes to cover the costs? (regular business hours) Yes 11% No Response 19% No 70% E. Services E.12 Please identify any other services you would like to see. (18 responses)                 High speed internet/broadband (3) Cell coverage Low income medical service like Northport Maintaining cemeteries Branches/Brush P/V Adequate lighting at boat launches Set development standard rules for entire county Curbside recycling Better regulation of bikes on public roads Leaf pickup Removal of voicemail for officials No new taxes Allow small dogs in parks Someone to handle problems More plowing and salting in winter Cable 10- 21 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update F. Community Image F.1a Do you support stricter architectural controls for new development? No Response 3% No 31% Yes 38% Neutral 28% F. Community Image F.1b Do you support stricter sign regulations? No Response 3% No 31% Yes 37% Neutral 29% 10-22 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update F. Community Image F.1c Do you support preservation of scenic roads, and add scenic turnarouts? No Response 3% No 17% Neutral 18% Yes 62% F. Community Image F.1d Do you support preservation of historic buildings? No Response 3% No 12% Neutral 24% Yes 61% 10- 23 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update F. Community Image F.2 The Township presently has a 1.5 acre minimum parcel size in the AG district. Do you support an increase? No Response 13% Yes 22% No 65% F. Community Image F.2b If you support an increase of the minimum 1.5 acre parcel, to what minimum size and why? (43 responses) 40 acres 5% 3.5 acres 2% 20 acres 7% Why? (reasons to increase) Preserve farmland / farming (4) Limit growth/development (3) To keep ag acres (3) Less dense housing desired (3) Preserve scenic area & value (2) Prevent urban sprawl (2) Privacy/distance between neighbors (2) Keep size very small or very big to reduces sprawl (1) Preserve open space (1) Limit overdevelopment (1) 5acres Need at least 5 acres to viably farm (1) 47% Slow subdivision growth (1) Less septics (1) To be self supporting – foodwise (1) 2.5 acres 9% 2 acres 9% Some responded they wanted to REDUCE the minimum size: 1 acre (3) ½ acre (1) 10 acres 9% 3 acres 12% 10-24 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update F. Community Image F.3 Are existing lighting standards protecting the night sky? No Response 22% Any problem areas? (15 responses) Project downward (2) Cedar Bodus & Co Rd 651 Residential halide lamps No lights in yards & streets Sugarloaf Lake Shore Drive Polka Fest Neighbors barn’s security light Tower lights Less lamination type lights, if affordable Lake Michigan Shoreline Lake Leelanau Traverse City No 18% Yes 60% F. Community Image F.4 Sesonal rental of homes should be regulated. No Response 4% Agree 23% Disagree 45% Neutral 28% 10-25 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update F. Community Image F.5 Noise regulations should be established in the Township. No Response 3% Disagree 23% Agree 45% Neutral 29% F. Community Image F.6 Additional cellular towers should be allowed. No Response 5% Disagree 22% Agree 40% Neutral 33% 10- 26 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update F. Community Image F.7 Residential wind turbines should be regulated. No Response 5% Disagree 26% Agree 48% Neutral 21% F. Community Image F.8 Prevent keyholing along the lakefront properties. No Response 18% Disagree 6% Agree 49% Neutral 27% 10- 27 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update F. Community Image F.9 List any zoning issues you would like to see addressed (33 responses) No Response 3%  Unkept property / collected junk (3)  Zoning to prevent development of 2-track roads  Well & septic for commercial should depend on the size of the operation, not one size fits all  Less is best  Windmills 1/4 mile from neighbors house  Cell owners not in scenic areas  Send it back to Russia  Wind turbine  Need a better enforceable junk ordinance  Keyholing & minimum lakefront lot sizes Yes No should be allowed  Any size windmill  Wind turbines31% should only be permitted if all residents benefit with reduced utility bills 38%  Stay out of it  Long term camping on residential property in the complete township  Maintain appearance  Congested property usage; example junk cars  Slumlord rentals  Allow wind turbines  Easement restrictions  Less cost for permits  Access to high speed internet  Residential wind turbines should be encouraged when regulations met  No wind turbines  Incentives to keep farms from looking like junk yards  Allow commercial size windmills  Allow smaller well-built permanent houses instead of large mobile homes.  We are forcing people to live in mobile homes which is not good for anyone  or for property values  Ethanol plants, natural gas facilities  Wind turbines are ok if cell towers are ok  Commercial wind farms Neutral 28% G. Demographics G.1 How long have you lived in Centerville Township, either part‐time or full‐time? 0‐4 yrs 9% No Response 4% Longer than 30 25% NA 12% 21‐30 yrs 14% 11‐20 yrs 20% 5‐10 yrs 16% 10- 28 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update G. Demographics G.2 During which months do you typically reside in Centerville Township? Circle all that apply. April 4% Nov 3% Dec March 1% 2% Feb Jan 0% 0% All 22% Oct 7% No Ans 7% July 12% May 9% Sept 10% Aug 12% June 11% G. Demographics G.3 How long have you owned property in CentervilleTownship? 0‐4 yrs 12% No Response 3% Don't own 0% Longer than 30 24% 21‐30 yrs 16% 11‐20 yrs 24% 5‐10 yrs 21% 10-29 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update G. Demographics G.4 Are you a registered voter in Centerville Township? No Response 6% Yes 52% No 42% G. Demographics G.5 Do you lease/rent a Centerville Township home to others? If so, what is the typical rental period? Monthly 2% Annualy 2% No Response 6% Weekly/Daily 4% Do not lease 86% 10- 30 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update G. Demographics G.6 If you rent your Centerville Township house, which months is it typically rented? (56 responses) Oct 3% Nov 2% Dec 2% All 16% Sept 9% Jan 2% Feb 2% March 2% April 2% Aug 18% May 3% June 16% July 23% G. Demographics G.7 Indicate which best describes where your Centerville Township property is located. No Response 4% Other 3% Subdivision 17% Rural Setting 35% Farm 17% Shoreline 24% 10-31 �Results compiled April 2011 APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Centerville Township Master Plan – Update G. Demographics G.8 Please indicate which of the following best describes your affiliations. (circle all that apply) Tradesperson/Laborer No Response 5% 1% Real Estate/Developer 1% Elected Official 0% None of above 5% Retiree 27% Employee 6% Family w/School age children 6% Farmer 6% Professional 18% Owner <20 acres 12% Business Owner 13% H. Additional Comments:                            Own a 10 acre parcel. Response by joint (2) trustees (owners). Mom with kids whose husband employs 12 people year round. I grew up on a Centerville farm and now am an area teacher. I've lived here all my life. I don't need new comers telling me what to do. Planning to build a home when the economy improves. I purchased my property many years ago. I never built and I haven't been in the area for years, so I really can't respond to your questions. I love this area. I want to help protect it. The possible consequences of many of the questions are difficult to assess, making it difficult to answer. Because I am a seasonal owner, I don't feel qualified to answer all of the questions. I would like to see a real effort to solve the Sugar Loaf problem for Cleveland & Centerville Townships. Some questions need to be clarified. Many of the questions are too ambiguous to answer and/or irrelevant to Centerville township. I would prefer these issues dealt with at the county level. Support redevelopment of Sugar Loaf. Make a village out of Sugar Loaf and it will bring jobs to the area. Skiing in winter, park/frisbee golf for the summer with mountain biking paths and walking trails around the mountain. It will work; restaurants and shops. Possible even a small business district for people who wouldn't want to work out here. Any questions, call me. Help Sugar Loaf! Windmills should be regulated more carefully on noise, some are terribly noisy. Wind farms and turbines are not ugly and could provide green energy and income. The township is rural/farming and I think that atmosphere should be kept. This survey is a fine idea. As owners, we are 75 & 62, both employed residents of Indiana. We feel that our property taxes in Centerville are low. Thanks for the good work. Keep simple rural roads as they are. Stop adding to excess. Thank you for giving us a say. Please keep the area nice and away from the money people and developers Thank you for the opportunity to provide input and sorry this is late. Thanks for soliciting my opinion regarding all of these critical issues. We love Centerville Township and Leelanau County. It's our second house, someday our only one. Tim Cypher - excellent job. I think you're doing a great job! Hope it helps; thanks for asking us and good luck. 10- 32 �APPENDIX A – Property Owner Survey Results Results compiled April 2011 Centerville Township Master Plan – Update H. Additional Comments Continued:     We are pleased the way the township is run. Thanks for the opportunity to comment. Thanks. Good luck! Thank you for running the township efficiently with lower tax rates comparatively. Please consider paved bike paths. The people of Centerville Township cannot afford more taxes. Keep up the good work and low taxes! Lower tax rates on farms and transfers to family members or other farmers so land isn't developed and farms disappear. No more government interference. This survey is a waste of time and money. Don't Master Plan anything; that will increase any taxes! Maintain what we have. Cut back, save money, spend wisely, lower taxes. Don't ever regulate! Taxes are too high. For the amount we pay garbage pickup should be included. Many residents do not have school age kids. Quit spending money and trying to regulate everything. Get back to freedom! Need high speed internet. I am starting a business with 3 partners. It is very difficult because I do not have access to high speed internet. Need internet access structure Broadband and cellular service should be a priority. We need better cable service Waste disposals, holding tanks, old septic systems along the lake shore have to be addressed; water pollution from runoff My wife and I have a cottage near the wonderful park on Hohnke Road. Dogs seem to rule the park, even though it is posted "No Dogs" Would like to see noise level and wake zones on Lake Leelanau enforced. Time slots for fishing and recreational boating. Could anything be done about snowmobiles driving in the middle of the night on private property? Also could anything be done about permanent trailers and mobile homes in storage, otherwise said, junk yards visible form any road? Bikes are a big issue. They do not respect the rules of the road. Make them pay a yearly fee and get a permit. Repeal amendment A! (non residents, pardon my french, getting screwed) How can a farmer afford to keep his land with the current taxes especially if a non resident? B.5 Would be ok with mobile home parks if proper anchoring and community hazardous weather sheltering is required.                      H. Additional Comments Continued:                    Way too many permits needed to build. Keep Centerville friendly to our kids and families. I feel over regulation of farm / ag property to allow events, functions or agritourism, could result in sale of farmland into smaller parcels and create financial burdens. I would like that no limbs and yard waste be piled on the road side. Do not follow farmland preservation like Leland Township tried to do. Farmers need to be compensated by private funds. I am 100% opposed to the taking of anymore private property rights of any form and any additional taxes. Keep this area as natural as possible; no condos Growth has a price to pay. The very things that attract people, they destroy. Please control the township's aesthetic qualities. Planning is very important. The Grand Vision is a solid starting point. I do not support the Grand Traverse Vision Keeping Centerville a place of beauty, keep it from becoming a big city. Thank you. We enjoy the basic rural environment as is. Like the rural county. Do not want strip malls or chain stores. Type of development and business that exists is fine. Centerville is an ag / tourist township. Those two interests don't usually mix, but you've managed to make it work. (Like the Napa Valley) Keep our town clean. Don't bring in development and/or business to poison our land. The Suttons Bay disasters should not be repeated here. There are plenty of unbuilt improved lots. Prevent residential disasters like Steve Saffel in Scenic Mountain View Estates in Cleveland Township. Please. I would not like to see everything developed around here; moderate would be ok. This is an agricultural / rural township. This must be maintained - no farms, no food. 10- 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Centerville-Twp_Master-Plan_2014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Centerville Township Planning Commission, Centerville Township, Leelanau County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-09 Title A name given to the resource Centerville Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Centerville Township Master Plan was prepared by the Centerville Planning Commission and was adopted by the Township Board on April 9, 2014. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Centerville Township (Mich.) Leelanau County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8e377149b1da772c32a26aea0cf099c2.pdf 146b64a74e668ffb716c3f0db12f49fe PDF Text Text MASTER OF CEREMONIES Eddie Benton HEAD DANCERS Jerry Pigeon Jr. Stephanie Sprague VETERAN DANCER HOST DRUM Frank Bush t!· ..., Two Hawk Singers Smokey Town Singers ENTERTAINMENT iNDIAN MADE CRAFTS TRADITIONAL INDIAN DANCERS FINCH FIELDHOUSE • CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY EVERYONE WELCOME HOURS ADMISSION Saturday, April 1, 1-11 p.m. Sunday, April 2, 1-5 p.m. Weekend Buttons $5 .00 Available at Warriner Box OJ!ice Daily Admission $3.00 Students with ID and Children FREE FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL Sandi Stevens (517) 772-5700, ext. 205 • Warriner Box Office (517) 774-3000 SPONSORED BY: Ojibway Culture Committee • American Indian Student Organization • Program Board • Office of Minority Affairs • Multicultural Programming Center• Department of Anthropology• President's Office • Student Budget and Allocation Committee • Student Activities Office • University Events �Dancer's Registration 11 :00 a.m. - 1 :00 p.m. Grand Entries Saturday 1 :00 p.m. & 7:00 p.m. Grand Entries Sunday 1 :00 p.m. Native American Craft Traders Welcomed Trader's fee $20.00 per day/$30.00 weekend Limited Food Booths (Must have Michigan State Food License) $50.00 weekend Prize money for all dance categories For more information contact: Steve Pego - (517)172-5700, ext . 205 Lori Hall - (517)772-5700, ext. 202 Sandi Stevens - (517)772-5700, ext. 205 Warriner Box Office - (517)774-3000 Finch Fieldhouse is located on the corner of Preston and Franklin Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan Parking In Lot 18, Lot 33, and Lot 11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_cmu-saginaw-chippewa-pow-wow_1989-04 Title A name given to the resource Annual Central Michigan University Saginaw and Chippewa Powwow, April 1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-04 Description An account of the resource Annual Central Michigan University Saginaw and Chippewa Powwow flyer, Mt. Pleasant MI, April 1-2, 1989, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Central Michigan University American Indian Student Council Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/be52c3d7083c8eff8173fb31b08cb3b5.pdf 415ac4ff43dc670a83fff1736524a949 PDF Text Text ANNOUNCING THE SECOND ANNUAL INDIAN MADE CRAFTS TRADITIONAL INDIAN DANCERS FINCH FIELDHOUSE * CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY EVERYONE WELCOME FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL American Indian Student Organization, c/o Student Activities Office 251 Foust Hall, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859 (517) 774-3017 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_cmu-saginaw-chippewa-pow-wow_1990-03 Title A name given to the resource Annual Central Michigan University Saginaw and Chippewa Powwow, March 1990 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-03 Description An account of the resource Annual Central Michigan University Saginaw and Chippewa Powwow flyer, Mt. Pleasant MI, March 31 - April 1, 1990, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Central Michigan University American Indian Student Council Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dd2c9c8ecfa65616447d1eda40a360ec.pdf 797c2f1f784887cbc533ad4d243563c1 PDF Text Text DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF CHIEF ARNOLD AND MARGARET SOWMICK AND CHIEF LITTLE ELK DOORS OPEN AT NOON GRAND ENTRY AT 1 :00 P.M. FINCH FIELDHOUSE CMU, MT. PLEASANT FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL: DAVID STADDON (517) 774-3773 JULIE ALLEN (517) 772-3183 APRIL BORTON (517) 772-5700 EXT. 247 (TRADERS AND VENDORS PLEASE CALL APRIL) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_cmu-saginaw-chippewa-pow-wow_1991-04 Title A name given to the resource Annual Central Michigan University Saginaw and Chippewa Powwow, April 1991 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-04 Description An account of the resource Annual Central Michigan University Saginaw and Chippewa Powwow flyer, Mt. Pleasant MI, April 6-7, 1991, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Central Michigan University American Indian Student Council Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/174da1769f0d6d6c228085daf326a2d8.pdf e5c165b4284e3199de7df3a9944df49e PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_cmu-saginaw-chippewa-pow-wow_1993-04 Title A name given to the resource Annual Central Michigan University Saginaw and Chippewa Powwow, April 1993 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-04 Description An account of the resource Annual Central Michigan University Saginaw and Chippewa Powwow flyer, Mt. Pleasant MI, April 3-4, 1993, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Central Michigan University American Indian Student Council Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/354e274767a419c03f8e3c4d0b2970c6.pdf b7e7623a504ad64cf09a665e707a477a PDF Text Text pc>< , laOC • e>e-,= Q!nuntttutinnf iBy-~umn uuh irguttu iRulrn nf Qirutral· @,tatrs Amutrur !lnntittg i\asn. · T!;eah11uartrr.a: (fuiuryt 3Jlliunia . . .Ahnptrh ilrremhtr 26, l 9'0.6 Amru~eh JJrrbrunry an, l!Tlll i\mttth.eh llauuary ~ 1n. l!llfi GLO BE PRINTING CO ., QUINCY. ILL . �r Olnustitutinu Olrutral @>tutes J\mateur iantttiug J\ssnriatintt Ql)ffittrB PllESIDENT Louis. Theodore ' Un1bright, St. - ARTICLE I. Section 1. This associatio11 shall b;j known as the Central States Amateur Rowing Association. • VICE PRESIDENT-Eln1er cy, Illinois. Mutz, Quin- Sec. 2. The headquarters of this Association shall be at Quincy, Ill. SECRETARY-Wm. Haltiner, St. Louis. ARTICLE II. TREASURER-Aug. Berg1nan, Quincy. ' 1Rnll nf :!llllrmbrr.af1ip f I€ fl r ' Central Rowing Club ..... St. Louis, Mo. \,11 .- I - ,, / St. Louis Rowing Club ... St. Louis, lVIo. - ~e·~ t::::, ~ :W- . . . • . ... • . . North End Rowing Club ......... . ................... St. Louis, Mo. Baden Rowing Club,..... St. Louis, Mo. South Side Boat Club ........ Quincy, Ill. North Side Boat Club ....... Qt,incy, Ill. Lincoln Park Boat Club .... Chicago, Ill. Illinois Valley Y-acht and Canoe Club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peoria, Ill. Grand Rapids Boat Club ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grand Rapids, Mich. J Detroit Boat Club ........ Detroit, Mich. The object of this association shall be the advancement and improvement of rowing among amateurs, and to help organize clubs. ARTICLE III. This association shall consist of those clubs ,vho accept its constitution and bylaws and adopt its definition of an ama. ieur, ,v;tiich is as follows: One who does not enter in an ·open competition; or for either a stake, public or ad1nission n1oney or entrance fee; or con1pete with or c>.gainst a professional for any prize; who has never taught, pursued, OI_' assisted in the pursuit of athletic exercises as a 111eans of livelihood; whose 111en1 bership of any ro,ving or other athletic club "\Vas li 0t · brought about, or does not continue, because of any 1nutual agreement or u11c1erstanding, expressed or i111plied- - • �4 • ( "10ll S ti ttlti 011. Constitution. ·\ vhereby his beco111ing or co11tinuing a 111e111 ber of such club could be of a11y pe~uniary benefit to hin1 whatever, direct c•r indirect; who has never been eml}loyed i11 any occupation involving any use of oar or paddle; who rows for pleasure or recreation only, and during leisure hours; who does nc-t abandon or neglect his usual business or occupatio11 for the pt1rpose of training, and who shall other\\rise conform to the rules and regulations of this association. An)r oars111an who sells or pawns any prize or trophy ,von by him shall be forever disqualified as an amateur. quest of three members of the Board, or by order of the president, or at the written request of three clubs, and at least sev~n days' notice shall be given each · club. Sec. 3. Delegates t·o the meetings of the association shall furnish to the Secretariy credentials signed· by the Presi.de-nt o~r Secretary of the club represented by them, certifying that they are the authorized and accredited delegates of said club. All delegates are · entitled to vote· at all meetings whatsoever with the exception of committee meetings. Any club which shall issue or accept a challenge for the purpose of holding professional race shall be forever debarred fron1 entering an individual or crew in the regattas of the association, and st1ch club if connected ,vith the associatio11 shall be expelled. ARTICLE IV. -- • 1 ARTICLE V. Sec. 1. · The officers and Board of Directors of thi-s association shall consist of President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, and one Director elected from the delegates of each club not rep• resented by an officer. Sec. 2. All officers shall be elected by ballot and it shall require ·a maj-ority of all votes cast to elect. • Sec. 1. Any delegate or director may be represented by a duly authorized 111 e111 ber of l1is own. club at any of the a.ssocia tion meetings. Sec. 2. Special 111eetings shall be called by ~he secretary at a written re-• ARTICLE VI. Sec. 1. The annual meeting of this association shall b,e held the -second Satu.r~ day of January at 8 P. M. The semi-an.. nual meeting of . this association shall be held at the close of the regatta.~ • �6 Constitution. , > Sec. 2. All questions arising pertaining to the management of this a·s sociation or rules of boat racing shall be governed by the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen rules if noti covered by our own rules and regulations. ARTICLE VII. • • • The B·o ard of Directors shall have power at any regular meeting, by a two.:. thirds vote to remove from office any member of the committee, who, by neglect of duty or by conduct tending to impair his usefulness as a member -0f such committee, shall be deemed to have forfeited .his position; but no member shall be removed without there has been given him at least ten days' notice· that charges have been preferred against him. ARTICLE VIII. Any violation of the rules of the association ·s hall render a club liable to suspension by the Board ·of Directors until the next meeting of the association, and to expulsion by a two-thirds vote of the clubs represented at such meeting. Any club not in arrears and otherwise in good standing may honorably withdraw fr·o m the association at any time by notifying the Secretary in writing pf its intention to do so. ... --- . -~ ARTICLE I. · The annual dues of the assc1ciatlu11 shall be ten dollars and the same shall be due and payable at the time of the annual meeting and no club shall be entitled to any representation until sai<l dues are paid. . _, ARTICLE II. The association shall, at the meeting at which they fix the place of holding the annual reg.a tta, elect an Umpire, Commodore, Ensign, Clerk of Course, and a Regatta Committee, to serve until t~eir successors are elected. I .t I ARTICLE III. Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at all meetings of the a·s sociation or Board of Directorsr to preserve order and see that the laws are carried into effect, and he shall appoir..t all committees with the exception of the regatta committee, and secure assistance whenever he deems it necessary. Sec. 2. The Vice President shall pe·rform all the duties of the President in his absence. ... �• 8 B)r-Laws. • Sec. 3. The Secretary shall ke·e p the minutes of each meeting of the association or Board of Directors conduct the correspondence and h.a ve ·charge of and be resp·o nsible for all books and papers of the association except those of the Treasurer. He shall communicate the proceedings of each club belonging to the association. He is to receive the sun1 of $ 5. 0 0 per ye.ar as salary for his ser... vices. Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall' receive all money bel~nging to the assoc.iation fra11~ the Secretary and shall pay all bills· wheri properly approved and submit• a report thereof to the Boaad of Directors at every meeting. He shall be required to give bone.ls to the associatio.n which shall be satisfactory to them in the sum of $2 00 , and he to receive a salary of $ 5.00 per year f.or his services said bonds to be held by the . President. Sec. 5. The• Re·g atta C·o mmittee· shall have entire control and management ,o f all regattas, subject to the -orders and in·s tructions of the Board of Directors. The Commodore, Ensign and Clerk of Course shall act with the Regatta Committee. · Sec. 6. All bills shall be presented to the President and shall be audited by I 0 him and the Secretary, .and in case· of their approval they shall affix their signatures and date of approval, and after such approval the Treasurer shall pay the bills. Sec. 7. An Auditing Committee shall be ,appointed by the President, whose duty it shall be to audit all books and make a final report at the annual meet• Ing. ARTICLE IV . • Sec. 1. At any meeting of the Board of Directors at which there are not less than three members present, any other member may be• present by a pr·o xy. H~ shall be an active member of a club belonging to the association. ., Sec. 2. Special meetings shall be called by the Secretary either at the written request of three members of the Board or by order of the President ·a nd at least se·ven days' notice shall be given each club. .,. • I Sec. 3. At all meetings of the Board two-thirds ·o f the members shall constitute a quorum. Sec. 4. At all meetings of the association the delegates from one-third of the clubs belonging to the association shall constitute a quorum. �.... By-La\\rs. 11 10 -------------------- ARTICLE V. In all regattas of this association the medals to cost not less than $15.00 as per die and specifications adopted in 19 0 9 and a shield to cost not less th.a11 $15.00, and shall be ordered by the Board of Directors of this association. The bills for same to be forwarded to and be paid by the local club under wh·ose .a uspice·s the regatta is held. Receipts and Disbursen1ents. Adj,ournment. . The order of business may be SUSpended by a two-thirds vote of the members present. Roberts' rules of order shall govern. ARTICLE VIII. Regatta.s. 1. The time and place for holding the annual regatta ·s hall be decided by the association, and they shall give 8,t least two n1onth's notice of . such tinie and place to each club belonging to the association. ARTICLE IX. Rules. 1.. The Board of Directors shall make such rules and regulations for the• management ofthe association (not inco11sistent with the C·o nstitution and ByLaws) as may be ecessary. Amendments, Etc. 1. These By-Laws may be altere·d or amended at any meeting of the association by two-thirds of the votes represented, provided two weeks' notice shall have been sent to every club belonging to the association, f.or the proposed alteration, or amendment, and providing, that they may be alte·red by a two..:thirds vote of the entire association without notice. ARTICLE VI. All questions arising pertaining to the management of this association or rules of boat racing shall be governed by the N. A. A. 0. rules if not covered by our own rules and regulations. ARTICLE VII. 1. The ·order of business at .all meetings of the Association and Board of Directors shall be as follows: 1. Reading of Credentials. 2. Roll Call. 3. Reading, Correction and Adoption of Minutes. 4. Reports of Officers and Com111ittees. 5. Bills and Communications. 6. Unfinished Business. 7. Ele·c tion of Officers. 8. New Business. 9. Good and Wedfare o Association. <? 10. 11. -. �Lal\·s of Boat Racing. - • 1. All boa ts shall be started in the following manner: The Starter on being satisfied that the competitors are ready shall give the signal to start. • 2. A claim of foul must be · m.a de to theUmpire by the competitor himself if possible. 3. Any boat not at its post at the time specified, shall be. liable to be disqualified by the Umpire. 4. Each boat shall keep its ow11 water, and ,a ny boat departing therefrom during the race will do so at its peril. 5. A b•oat's own water is its straight course, parallel with those· of the other competing boats from the statio~1 assigned to it at the starting to +he finish. 6. The Umpire shall be the judge of a boat's own water and proper course during the· race. ' 7. No fouling whatever shall be allowed. The boat committing a foul shall be disqualified. l :-~ 8. It shall be considered a foul when after the race has commenced, any corr1petitor, by his oar, boat or person comes in con tact with the oar, boat or person of another competitor, unless in the opinion of the Umpire, such con tact is s·o . slight as not to influence the race. 9. The Umpire ma.y , during the race, caution any competitor when in danger of con1mitting a foul . · 10. The Umpire when appealed to, shall decide all que·stio·n s of a foul. to 11. A claim of foul must be made . the Umpire by the competitor himself before· getting out of his boat. 12. . In case of a foul the Un1pire shall have the power to (a) to place the boats, exce.pt the boat committing the foul (which is disqualified) in the ·order in which the,y come in. ( b) ·T o order the boats engaged in the race, other than the boat committing the foul, to row over again on the same or .a nother day. (c) To restart the qualified boats from the place where the foul was committed. 13. Every boat shall abide by its aecidents; provided, however, that if any boat, while in its own water, shall be interfered with during the race by any outside boat, the Umpire may order the race . �Lal\•s of Boat Racing. La,vs of Boat Racing. re-wed over, should he think such ·boat had a reasonable chance of winning. 14. No boat shall be allowed to accompany a competitor for the purpose of directing his course or affording him other assistance, the boat receiving such • direction or assistance shall be disqual.ified at the discretion of the Umpire. 15. The· jurisdiction of the Umpire extends over the race and all matters connected with it fr-0m the time the race is specified to start until its final termi:P-.ation and his decision shall be final and without .a ppeal. (See· regatta rule 14.) 16. Any competitor refusing to a bide by the decision or to follow the directions of the Umpire shall be disqualified. 17. Boats shall be started by their sterns and shall have completed their course when the bows reach the finish. 18. In turning races each competitor shall have a separate _turning stake and shall turn from port to starboard. Any competitor may turn any other stake than his own, but does so at his pe·ril .. · 19. Crews rowing a dead heat shall co1npete again after such interval as 1nay l)e appointed by the Umpire; and any crew refusing to row shall be adjudged to have lost the race. 2 0. The Umpire if he thinks proper mary reserve his decision, provided that in every case such decision be given on the day of the race. 14 15 The Judges .a t the finish shall report to the Umpire the order in which t-he competing boats cross the line, but the decision of the race shall rest with and be declared by the Umpire. 21. • • 1 \ • �.. i&tgatta i&ults 1. This association shall hold an annual regatta, which shall be open to all amateur clubs belonging to this ass·ociation. 2. Entries for all races shall close two weeks prior to the first day of the regatta and any club intending to participate must give due notice to the Secretary of the B·o ard of Directors on or before the appointed day for closing the entries. 3. No club shall be allowed to enter any person. who. has not been a member thereof for at least three months preceding the regatta or who has been entered in any race from any ·other club during the time, or who during that period has had a residence more than fifty miles from the club he rep re sen ts; except where there is no r·o wing club within fifty miles of an oarsma11's re.s idence. The fifty mile limit does not apply, nor shall any entry be received from a club ,vhich s.h all include in its list of •oars111en professional oarsmen. 4. The Secretary shall immediately :after closing of the entries furnsh to each . . . Regatta R11les 17 club a complete list of the same, but nfl shall not be permitted to declare any entry nor to reveal the state of the entrance list until such list shall be clo.sed. 5. The entries of -all crews shall be made by the Secretary of their respective clubs and the name of the Captain of each crew entering f.or any race, shall be sent at the time of the entry to the Secretary, with the following entrance fees: Sfngle s·c ulls, · ·$2. 5 0; Double sculls, $ 5. 0 0; Pair oared, $5.00; Four oared, $10.00; Barges, $15.00; Eight oared, $20.00. 6. No assumed name shall be given to the Secretary. 7. ·crews may be allowed to make entrie·s for each race as follows: For fouro.a red races not more than six nam~s. For double sculls not more than four names. For single scull races, not more than one name. For barge, n·o t more than nine names. And from these names the actual crews shall be selected. 9. A meeting of the Bo,a rd of Directors shall be held immediately preceding the regatta at which th~ Captain of each crew or club entered shall deliver to the Board .a list of names •o f the actual crews appointed to contest in the· ensuing races, to which list ·o ne other name from original entry may be entered as a substi~ ' I I • j �18 Reg,at.t a Rules. Regatta Rules. 19 • tute for any one of the crew in the event of illness or accident. When two or more clubs are tied in number of Points, the Point Trophy shall go to the club winning tl1e highest number of medals. When two or more crews are tied for second or third place, the number of points to be awarded for that place shall be equally divided among them. 1 O. The length of all races exce·pting the eight-oared -shell, and barge, shall be rowed over a course of 1 ½ miles with a turn. Eight-oared race·s shall be 1 ½ n1iles straight-away. Barge race shall be ¾ mile straight-away. 11. Entries for races shall be governed by the following definitions: Juniors.- A junior sculler is one who has never won a scull race. Junior oarsman is one who has never been a winning oarsman in a race. Coxswa.in-A coxswain shall weigh not less than one hundred and five pounds, but ·s hall not be otherwise classified. Competition with members of his own club or races open to no more than two clubs, shall not affect the classification of any sculler or oarsm.a n. 12. Two or more entries are necessary. in each class to insure a race; if all • .. withdraw but one·, the crew of the remaining boat must row over the course to be entitled to the prize. One entrance in a Senior race shall be sufficient where there has been a Junior race in the safe class. 13. Protests to any entry with a brief &tatement of the grounds upon which the same· are based shall be made in writing to the Secretary within s~x days fron1 the declaratio-n of the entries. The accused shall be notified by the se·cretary immediately on receipt of protest and fur11ished with a copy of the charges preferred and at the meeting ·o f the Board provided for in Rule 9, the a~cused sh.all be allowed to be present. It shall require a majority of the members present , to decide a protest, which decision shall be final and without appeal. 14. Wheneve·r it shall appear to twothirds of the Boards of Directors that any indiviual or individuals have participated in any of the contests of this association without making all reasonable efforts to be succe·s sful in the same, the Board shall have the power to ·o rder the race rowed over or to confer the prize on whomsoever in their judgment is entitled to it and the individual or indi_vid uals so off ending shall be forever dis- �Rega,tta Rules. Regatta. I{111es. qualified from rowing in any regatta given under the auspices of this Association, unless reinstated by a like vote. A.ny participant shall have the right before the prizes are awarded to make objections to. the Board. 18. The regular races of the associa, t ion sl· all consist of: 20 1 Sing·-e I Sing- e r Dou Lle 'Y Dou~-le Sculls Junior.✓ Sculls Senior. Shell Junior. "' Scull Senior. ~;,;: ~a:r-ed Shett J unio_r.. ..., P::,ir Gar@a Sl\ell' Senior. 15. It shall be the duty of the Board • of Directors if the•y deem an entry at the regatta a proper subject for investigation to entertain the que_s tion irrespective of any protest being en te-red and they shall have the power to reject the same after rea·s ons have been specified. 1 Four Oared Shell Junior. 4--- Fou:· Oared Shell Senior .. .i Six Oared Barge Junior. v 7 Six Oared Barge Senior. 7 !Jigt t Oared Shell Junior. ✓ 1 Eigl_t Oared Shell Senior. 16. In .all races under the auspices of this association except those for which special qualifications may be distinctly announced, each contestant shall be a11 amateur oarsman and ·s hall have bee11 • an, active member of the club from which he . is entered for not less than sixty days pre·ceding the regatta . • ✓ .., • 1 7. On the day of the regatta, at 10 o'clock A. l\lI., a meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held, at which meeting a representative from e·ach boat or ere~ entered for the regatta may attend, to draw for positions in the races. Crews n _o t. .. represented will be assigned positions by the Board. ,,,.. . 21 --- l � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Ephemera-GRRC_Con01-11 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Central States Amateur Rowing Association Title A name given to the resource Constitution, By-Laws, and Regatta Rules of Central States Amateur Rowing Association Description An account of the resource 21-Page panphlet with title sheet listing articles of the CSARA constitution, by-laws, and regatta rules. The first page lists the president, VP, secretary, and treasurer (Theodore Umbright, Elmer Mutz, Wm. Haltiner, and Aug. Bergman, respectively) and a roll of membership of the participating rowing clubs. On this page, there is writing in pencil which lists Western Rowing at the top of the list, crosses out Mound City Rowing Club of St. Louis, MO, and marks X shapes next to Lincoln Park Boat Club, Illinois Valley Yacht and Canoe Club, Grand Rapids Boat Club, and Detroit Boat Club. Additionally, they list Century Rowing Club in green ink, and Cadillac in pencil underneath the other members. On the last page, a list of the regular association races, with blue ink next to each event with the number of participants acceptable and the mileage of the events. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Rapids Rowing Club Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Globe Printing Co., Quincy Illinois Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c99623962d3c43989fec3b091bea91a8.pdf 88a5d9a29e23debbc560b7dddac03965 PDF Text Text Wqt 1\aanriatintt 111lag A pointed Burgee, the wiath twothirds of the length; stripes, two red, one white, each one third the width. The white stripe in the center, on which in large blue letters shall be C. S. A. R. A. This flag is intended to be used by Club Members of the Association on special occasions and when attending the C. S. A. R. A. Regatta. • � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Ephemera-GRRC_Con12 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Central States Amateur Rowing Association Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource no date Title A name given to the resource CSARA Flag Description An account of the resource Single page with a drawing of the CSARA Flag, and a short description underneath detailing the presentation and use of the flag. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Rapids Rowing Club Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/38084efde2314a4b574bbaa16470dc20.mp4 c706bfd280115cdf9a850139dd41d8d3 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/37aab0e08e5a7fc4d269e06693e73dcf.pdf fe79c3a475f01c0c02b1075d7608e212 PDF Text Text ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW PAUL CETON Interviewed by: James Smither PhD, GVSU Veterans History Project Transcribed by: Rachel Ayers, June 10, 2014 Interviewer: We’re talking today with Paul Ceton of Grand Rapids Michigan, and the interviewer is James Smither, of Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Now, Paul, can you start with a little bit of background on yourself, to start with, where and when were you born? Actually born in Muskegon, Michigan, although we lived in Fruitport, little village just southeast of there. Interviewer: And what year was that? 1946. Interviewer: All right, did you grow up in that area? Actually till I was almost four years old when we moved to Grand Rapids. My dad got work in Grand Rapids so we‟re the only part of our family that, all our relatives stayed in Muskegon area but we moved on here and I‟m sure glad we did. Interviewer: All right, and what kind of work did your father do? Actually, a lot of things. He was a minister, he was a farmer, he was a car salesman, and he wound up working at maintenance department at Ferguson hospital, which doesn‟t exist anymore. Interviewer: And did you go through, through school then in Grand Rapids? 1:00 Went to Central High School, actually I went to Fountain Grade School and Central High School and they‟re right on the same block so I never had to walk more than a block away to school. Interviewer: All right. And then what year did you graduate from high school? 1964. Interviewer: Okay. And then at the point when you graduated what did you do? I went to Grand Rapids Junior College, which is community college now, and I was working between thirty-three and like thirty-nine hours a week and still taking a full course at Junior College so it was kinda rough. �Interviewer: Well, what kind of work were you doing? Working at a gas station. Corner of Michigan and Lafayette which of course doesn‟t exist anymore. Interviewer: All right, and did you have plans for what you were gonna do coming out of college or… I didn‟t have any concrete plans. 1:54 One of the things I really wanted to be when I was much younger was a pilot, and back then, I don‟t know what the standards are now, but you had to have perfect eyesight and I had 20/20 in my left eye, 20/60 in my right eye, so I thought, well, forget that, but I was always interested in carpentry. That‟s kinda what I wanted to do. Interviewer: Okay. Now, how did you wind up in the Army? Well, I got drafted. (laughs) And it was October of „66 which was, I believe, the highest draft call since the Korean War. And I was just an average student so I was very vulnerable. I have an identical twin brother who was at Western Michigan at the time and he was pulling all A‟s so I made it in and he didn‟t. Interviewer: All right, so once you’re drafted, then where do you first report and how does that process work? 2:52 Well, we met at -- took off from the bus station here in Grand Rapid and took a bus down to Detroit, and went through a processing center down there, and then we got a on a train and went to Fort Knox, Kentucky, and we only stayed there two or three days because it was jam packed. And so they sent us down to Fort Hood, Texas, which really wasn‟t a basic training site but because of the huge amount of people coming in they opened that up to basic training. Interviewer: All right, how did they get you down to Fort Hood? We flew. Actually I think we flew from Fort Knox to St. Louis, and then down to Dallas, and, I think -- I should remember this but I don‟t. I think we took buses then down to Fort Hood. Interviewer: All right, now, was Fort Hood ready for you? Yeah. I wasn‟t ready for them. Interviewer: All right. Describe a little bit how the basic training process worked for you. Well, it was, course, just culture shock for me. 4:03 I‟d never been anything through that, or like that. Very intense, and looking back on it, you know, they were very, very tough on us and I was sure glad they were. They excellent instructor, instructors down there. They got us ready in, in fact we had AIT after that. Advanced Infantry Training, which was just as intense, then we went through another series, Basic Unit Training after that. In all we spent a year at Fort Hood basically training for Vietnam. �Interviewer: Okay, now describe a little bit the, the physical setup there, what was the base like, how was it laid out, where were you on it? The base was actually, it‟s pretty flat land down there. You‟re just a little bit north of the hill country, north of Austin a little bit. Lot hotter, of course, than it is here. 4:58 And the barracks we had, we were in -- of course, they don‟t have this anymore -- but that, all open. You‟ve got like fifty beds in the open and just showers and bathrooms that are all open, and absolutely no privacy. And after the eight weeks of basic training we wound up going to a different set up barracks which were more modern, and we had a little bit more privacy there. Interviewer: Okay. How much emphasis did they place just on the military discipline, that sort of thing? It was incredible emphasis and… almost to the point of brain washing. But I think that‟s got to be a part of it to make it mentally tough and ready for what you were going into. Interviewer: Okay, now, what kind of physical shape were you in when you went down there? Actually looking at me now, look at me then, are two different people. I was in pretty good shape, I was, actually, I‟ve shrunk a little bit. 6:00 I was 5‟10”, about 145 pounds and they have a physical test -- PT test, they call it -- before you go over, and there‟s five events and it‟s 100 points for each of that. And I wound up with 500 points, so I was in pretty good shape. Interviewer: So that part of it you were pretty much able to handle, or to deal with, or did they push you a little farther than you’d been pushed before physically? Well, it‟s interesting. I, I‟ve always been very competitive in athletics, never a good athlete, but just a great desire to do my best, and I was a cross country runner in high school, and I ran track, I ran the mile, and one, one kid down there pushed me. And you know we, we‟d run a hundredyard-dash, and I couldn‟t come close to him. But he said, “I can beat you in a mile, too,” and he pushed me. And out of our whole company of a hundred-some people I finished first and he was right on my, my rear-end, so. 7:04 Yeah I‟d… very physical atmosphere, and there‟s a lot of guys who just weren‟t cutting it. Every time before we went to breakfast we had to do like ten pull-ups, and I know one guy, he couldn‟t even do two of them, and he was done. But that was fairly easy for most of us. Interviewer: Okay -Not now! Interviewer: If people were kind of falling behind or having trouble, I mean, would they wash out or just keep doing it over and over again? �They really whipped those guys into shape, and, as far as I know, from our platoon, I don‟t think anybody did not make it. They all came out physically much better than what they came in. Interviewer: Okay, now, as you go through your stages and levels of training, what kinds of things get added on to the basic PT and discipline stuff? 7:57 Basically, just, you learn a lot about the enemy, you learn about the habitat, what kind of situations there are in Vietnam. We knew pretty much from the start we‟re all headed to Vietnam, and basically Fort Hood was set up with, of course, a lot of helicopters, we did helicopter training down there, but they had mock-up villages, very well simulated what you actually had in Vietnam. Interviewer: Okay. Did they have any effort to simulate jungle? Yes. Interviewer: Okay, now where would you have jungle at Fort Hood? Basically, there‟s way out -- Fort Hood is actually the largest physical base, so there‟s a lot of terrain changes out there, and of course you couldn‟t really replicate the, the type of trees they had, but did that with the trees that they had, and the huts and everything that they made were, looked actually like you saw in Vietnam. So…. 9:00 Interviewer: And were the people who were training you at that level, had they been to Vietnam? Most of them, yeah. Yeah, in fact, I think every one of our DIs had been there. Interviewer: All right, and this is still ‘66 or are you in ‘67 now for a lot of that or…. 1966, I believe, was October that I wound up down there, yes and then spent a year there. In October „67 we deployed. Interviewer: Okay, yeah, and by the time you’re getting into ‘67 you would be having more guys who were rotating back who had their tours and been there and come out. Right. Interviewer: Yeah. And, interesting you say that because a lot of them were really helpful, gave us a lot of good advice, and then some of them just, they scared us to death, but you know, with what they were saying went over there. Some knew how to prepare us and some really didn‟t. 9:56 �Interviewer: So there were some that were still kind of working out whatever their own issues where and they just happened to be trainers at that point. Yes. Interviewer: All right, now, as this is going forward, what kind of attitude or expectation did you have now for the prospect of going to Vietnam? Was it real to you yet, or was it still just kind of this, this, this challenge or this thing you do or… I don‟t think it was really real until we set foot in, in Vietnam and it was just a day-by-day thing. You know I‟m a man of faith, and, and prayer really helped me get through the situation. Interviewer: Okay. Now you spent a year at Fort Hood. Eventually, do you get liberty, do you get to go off base and do other things and sort of have a rest of a life there or… Yes, most of the time I stayed right on base because I loved to wrestle, and I used to wrestle a lot. We would box. I liked to stay on base and just box, and we‟d play a lot of football, and I tried to save my money. 11:05 A lot of guys, they went to Waco, or Temple, some of the towns around there, Killeen, and spent all their money and got drunk. I wasn‟t a drinker …so I just enjoyed staying on base and just doing physical things. Interviewer: All right, now, did you have a specialized assignment that you were training for or were you just gonna go in, be a rifleman? Rifleman. Actually I trained with the rifle but I got assigned to a grenade launcher when I was over there. Interviewer: Okay, but not while, but not, but you weren’t specifically in that, slotted for that when you were back at Fort Hood though? Yeah, Fort Hood, I‟d basically trained with the M16. Interviewer: And did they do some kind of cross training on the different infantry weapons? Yes. Pretty much everything. We all got to fire the 50s and the 60s and the grenade launchers and of course grenades. 12:00 Yeah, we were all pretty well cross trained. Interviewer: Okay. Then word comes down that you’re actually going to ship out. Now, at this point are you going over there as replacements or are you going over there as an organized unit? We‟re going as an organized unit, Americal Division, which was, I believe the World War II, they were involved in, and then they shut down, then reactivated it for Vietnam. And we were part of 198th Infantry Brigade, and we were going over there to take over for where the 196th brigade was. So, yeah, pretty much we were over there to take over for a lot of other units. �Interviewer: But you’re going over there with a group of men that you’ve trained alongside them so you know each other. Right, and I feel very fortunate that, in that, because -- one thing they tell you, you know, don‟t make friends, you know, because you‟re gonna lose them -- and we did lose a lot of guys, but you cannot not make friends. 13:08 And to this day my best friends are, you know, we‟re scattered all over the country, but they‟re the guys that I fought with. Interviewer: Right. Incredible group of guys, so…. Interviewer: Okay. And were you keeping basically the same junior officers, Sergeants, and so forth too, I mean the whole unit, or were those guys rotating in and out? We stayed pretty much as one unit until three months in when I got hit, I lost my right eye, which is my twenty -- 20/20 eye, I lost my best eye. But we lost a lot of guys that day. One guy killed, and I think there were thirty-two, thirty-three of us out on patrol that day. We were going out on like a five or six day patrol, but this first day ran into a booby trapped area, a mined area, and quite a few out of the thirty-three, thirty-two, thirty-three, I think at least eighteen or nineteen got hit. 14:05 Interviewer: That’s jumping ahead a little bit in the story here at this point, so we’ll kind of fill that out a little bit more. Part of it was that sometimes you have people who trained you and then they’d get rotated out of your unit, and new guys or new officers would come in, and that happened even with some units that were formed as units as they were sent over. So if you managed to keep the, pretty much the whole cadre there, that was a little bit of an unusual situation. Right. Up until that point and then that‟s when people started, we got a lot of replacements in. Course, take care of the guys who couldn‟t go back. Interviewer: Right. And up until that point we‟d lost some people but not very many. That was a rough day. Interviewer: Right. And you didn’t have people just rotating out for administrative reasons and being replaced by new guys. No. Interviewer: Right, okay, so we kind of -- so you’ve got your years’ worth of training and working together as a unit in Texas late in ‘67, now the word is to go to Vietnam, do you get to go home before you go overseas? 15:03 �Yeah, we had two week leave. In fact one of the guys, good friend who got killed at that day, got married on that leave. We tried to talk him out of it and, but anyways…. Interviewer: What was -Just as a side note, I went this past Memorial Day, he‟s from Mobley, Michigan, and I went to upland Michigan. I hadn‟t had any contact with his family, you know, or anything, and I went to that, and they did have a little memorial service there, and I talked to one of the speakers afterwards and said, “Do you know of this family?” He says, “You know, over there, that‟s his sister.” And so we talked and we talked for… we went to the cemetery, it was only about a mile away, small town, and we cried, we laughed, took a lot of pictures, and it was just very moving moment for, for them and me, and I‟ve invited her to our next reunion this coming summer in Delaware, and I sure hope she comes. 16:21 Interviewer: All right, now, for you, what was it like to go back home for a couple weeks? You’d been in the army for a year; they’re sending you off to Vietnam…. It‟s bittersweet, you know, I had been dating who is now my wife, and knowing that now I would have just two weeks, you know, to spend with her, and, you know, it was just so awesome to see her, and my family, it was just, came from a great family, and friends, but to leave after that two weeks knowing I might not see anybody again… that was the hardest thing I ever had to do. 17:02 Interviewer: And did you go back from Michigan back to Fort Hood directly, or did you go somewhere else? Right. We went to Fort Hood. And I think within a couple days we boarded a train and train went right to Oakland, California. We got on a ship and left Oakland, California, I think it took eighteen, nineteen days to sail over. Interviewer: All right. What kind of ship were you on? It was an old, like a troop ship. It wasn‟t, it wasn‟t a military boat so-to-speak, like a battleship or anything like that. It was just a troop transport. Interviewer: Okay. And about how many of you were on it do you think? I knew you were gonna ask that. Umm. Well it was a brigade, so … Interviewer: That could be -There were several thousand … Interviewer: Yeah. �… on that boat. Interviewer: Okay, so it’s a big troop ship. Yeah. Interviewer: All right. And had you ever been out to sea before or… just lake Michigan if that? 17:59 Lake Michigan. I had an uncle who loved going on the Milwaukee Clipper. He‟d take us there to Milwaukee from Muskegon, and then there‟s a boat went from Detroit to Cleveland, you know, he‟d take us on that so I‟d been on ships. Interviewer: Okay. So, what was the trip like? That‟s a good question, because before we went certain guys were assigned duties on that ship, like that had to work KP, clean-up crews, different jobs, and they had those jobs the whole way over. Where the rest of us, all we did, we played cards, wrote, just, just had fellowship, and so it was -- I was kind of at peace, in a way. You know, what else could you do, you know? And again your faith is what really sustained you. Interviewer: And what was the weather like on the trip over? 18:58 It was very nice. Nice and warm. We were, I believe, north of Hawaii and way off the distance we saw a typhoon. You know, but where we were was very nice so… Very, very nice. Interviewer: So you didn’t have a lot of rough weather. Did people get sick anyway? Lot of people got sick. In fact the guys assigned to the clean-up crews, they didn‟t do a good job with the latrines and it was a mess pretty much the whole trip over. Interviewer: All right. Did it stop any place on the way to Vietnam or did it just sail right there? Stopped in the Philippines, they took on supplies in Subic Bay, I believe it was. And I‟m not a drinker but I had my first drink ever -- can you believe I‟m twenty years old and I hadn‟t had a drink, but I had one, a Singapore Sling, and I may have been the only sober person going back to that ship. 19:56 Interviewer: Now, were you just drinking, did you have to stay on the base or were they letting you go into town? We had to stay on base, but you couldn‟t go into town. There was a fenced-off area from the base, you couldn‟t get out. �Interviewer: Right. We were stuck there. Interviewer: Okay. That was kind of an interesting area. People who spent more time there have had some stories about that. Yeah. Interviewer: So, they provided a fair amount on base to keep you occupied instead. All right. Then you’ve stopped there and then is it from the Philippines then straight to Vietnam? Yes. Interviewer: Okay, and where did you land in Vietnam? We came in at Da Nang Interviewer: Okay. … and spent a couple days at Da Nang. And then we got shipped down to Chu Lai, which is about forty miles south of there. And then from Chu Lai, we went to a series of villages called the Van Truong Peninsula I believe. And there‟s Van Truong One, Van Truong Two, Three, Four, whatever. 20:55 And we just kind of were out there right by South China Sea, absolutely gorgeous. And we were, just our company was there. The rest of the battalions of the Americal was spread over pretty much that whole area. So we were just a hundred fifty, two hundred men. You know, pretty much on a hill. Interviewer: Okay. What was your first impression of Vietnam when you got there? Absolutely beautiful. We didn‟t have any contact with any of the, you know, the locals, at least right away. And we went to a place actually LZ Paradise it was called. Probably because it was so beautiful. And, but, it‟s interesting, we would have a barber come up, you know, a local Vietnamese, and cut our hair. And we had gals come up and did the laundry and things like that. And after some time, and I don‟t know how this came about, but we found that the barber had a map of our compound. 21:59 So I mean, the stories about, you know, by day they‟re your friends, and by night they‟re gonna kill you, pretty much true because you had no idea, and in the three months I was there, you know, we had the Viet Cong, and you had the north Vietnamese army, where we were, were mostly Viet Cong, but I saw in that three months only one uniformed NVA soldier, and part of that was, you know, they knew where we were all the time. We always felt that they knew where we were, and, and with all the thick vegetation there it was hard to see you know, any distance at all. So…. �Interviewer: Okay. Now. You’re sent down to the Van Truong Peninsula, you’re just company sized unit, you’re a hundred fifty or so men, what were you doing down there? 22:51 Basically, what we did is we‟d stay probably on base two, three days, and then we‟d go out. Sometimes we‟d go on just a one day patrol, which would be just a platoon size. And sometimes we‟d go out with two or three different platoons, and search and destroy missions, you know, you‟d just basically, what you‟re going out to the jungle and I had no idea where we were. Only, you know, certain people had the maps. And it was tough to tell where you were at, but we were to search the enemy and engage them and generally, you know, they engaged us first, of course, because they knew -- and you know, you hear the stories of one guy paring down a whole company? I mean, that happened to us. Several times. You know, you‟d just get a sniper and you‟d hear the shots and you have no idea where it‟s coming from. And then of course every now and then you run into a firefight. Booby traps. And just rough all the way around. Interviewer: Okay. Now, did you have sort of a permanent base camp of some kind or did you just go from place to place? 24:00 We, we pretty much stayed at that -- the three months I was there, we pretty much stayed there. I know that after I shipped out they moved quite a bit. Several different places. Interviewer: Okay. Now what kind of defenses or set up did you actually have in your base? We had concertina wire which is kind of triple barbed wire. And we had claymore mines and a claymore mine is kind of in an arc, so it sprays out, you know, I don‟t know, a hundred twenty degrees or so. And, you know, we had the remote control command detonated, and sometimes the Vietnamese or the Viet Cong would come and they would turn those around. And so, and you wouldn‟t know it, I mean -- crafty people. And fortunately we never had one turned on us, but I‟ve heard that they have and people got killed that way. 25:07 Interviewer: Now, what was the sort of the first contact that you or your unit had with any enemy? I‟d say probably the first time we went out, after we got to that. We had none when we first came into Da Nang, pretty secure area there, but when we got to the hill after just a few days, you know, we went out patrolling, and it was a while, probably a week, two weeks, before we got in a firefight. But we‟d go out and virtually every time we went out you‟d hear the sniper fire. And have no idea where it‟s coming from. Eventually it‟d stop. Interviewer: Now, did you have any South Vietnamese military working with you? Did you have any kind of guides or translators or anything else like that? Not really with us. There were some in, in our company but with our platoon we didn‟t have any. 26:00 �Interviewer: Okay. Now let’s -- was there some sort of routine that you had while you were there? I mean the regular, you talked a little bit, you’d have sort of patrols of a day or two or so. I mean physically how do those work? What happens when you go out on patrol? Well, if it‟s like a, say, just a one day patrol, you just, you know, we‟d go out pretty much single file, and you‟d come back, you know, in seven, eight hours. If you went on a multi-day patrol like we were on when I got hit, you carried a lot of, a lot more ammo, and clothing, and extra socks, even though you didn‟t change much, you know. And it was, it could be thirty, forty extra pounds when, you know, when you got all the, you know, we always carried grenades, and of course the guys, the machine gunners, the ammo bearers, really carried a lot of weight, cause those were also pretty heavy. 27:05 Interviewer: Now, when you were out and you’re patrolling or whatever were you on trails through jungle or just making your own or…. Pretty much on trails, and that‟s a great question, because, you know, the one thing that we prepared for in Texas is you don‟t want to go on trails because they‟re gonna be booby trapped, and of course a lot of times they were, but you had no choice in a lot of areas to get through all that the jungle growth, I mean, other than to chop trails down which we didn‟t take the time to do. We pretty much went on established trails. Interviewer: And how spread out were you as you’re moving along? You said you’re single file. How much distance would you put between men? That‟s a good question because when I look on TV, you know, these guys are one right after another, and that‟s the first thing I thought of, is that‟s exactly what they tell you not to do because we were spread out probably ten yards apart maybe. 28:06 Interviewer: And then when something happens, if you hear a shot or there’s a sniper or something else like that, then what do you do? Basically, if there‟s enough room, you form a perimeter, depends on the foliage and everything, but if there‟s, if it‟s pretty thick, you just get down where you‟re at. The case where I got hit we had enough room that we did form a perimeter and we were taking fire from pretty much everywhere. As well as the booby traps going off. Interviewer: All right. Now in the -- initially, when you said you were just getting sniper here, a sniper there, basically, people just hit the dirt or whatever and wait to see what happens and then get up and go again? Or? In those cases when you’re not being hit by a whole unit or something? 28:56 Yeah. After a while it subsides, you know, because when you‟re getting sniped at it‟s, it‟s not rapid fire, it‟s just a shot, and then a minute later you got another shot, cause it‟s only usually one, maybe two, guys out there. So after a while you just, you know, you get up and go. �Interviewer: Would you make any effort to maneuver against them or try to find them or just…. Yeah. Basically depends on where you were. The guys more towards the front or to wherever the fire was coming from would form a little group, you know, and try to go out but usually, in fact probably never, successful in finding them. Interviewer: All right. Then if you get into a more serious fight, did you, would you walk actually into ambushes or just bump into an enemy unit and start shooting or…. 29:54 Yeah, and again, you have no idea, sometimes, where it‟s coming from, so you try again to form a perimeter as well as you can, but what you‟re doing, you‟re just, we got one guy shooting this way and one guy shooting that way, cause, you know, it‟s hard to, to hear exactly where it‟s coming from, and, in my case I carried what‟s called M79 grenade launcher, and I just fired out, you know, shoot, kind of, have to shoot it kind of high, because I don‟t want to hit anything, any of the foliage around, impede its progress. Interviewer: Now was that a useful weapon to have in a jungle? In most cases no. (laughs) I did feel -- I‟d‟ve felt a lot more secure if I had a M16 but did have, carried a .45 with me. But still. It‟s not like having a automatic rifle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But you really don’t have the right kind of targets really for a grenade launcher if you can’t see anything. 30:59 No. You just, you know, you just lob it. I can‟t exactly remember the exact range of that thing but it could do a lot of damage and I have no idea if I hit anybody or not. Interviewer: Now, when you’re doing the day patrols or when you’re not on patrol when you’re in the base camp at night what was that normally like? We‟d, we‟d play cards. We played a lot of cards. There wasn‟t a lot really to do. I think there was a area close to the center of our, you know, where you could watch movies, and we‟re very close to South China Sea, and every now and then we‟d go down to the sea and, you know, take a dip. But there wasn‟t a whole lot to do. Write letters, wrote a lot of letters. That was the, the thing you look forward to the most over there was getting a letter from home. Interviewer: Well, were you getting, would you get fired on at night? Would there be mortar attacks or things like that, or was it pretty quiet? 32:02 Actually, where we were at most of it was during the day, but every now and then you‟d get incoming mortar rounds. Fortunately they weren‟t real good with their aiming. But I remember the scariest time I had over there was not even when I was engaged in combat, but it was when we were called to go, and this was night time, and it was a ways away but we could see all the lasers and everything going on, hear the intense fighting going on, and they said, “Get ready, we gotta go.” And we got all our gear together and for some reason the fighting ceased and we �didn‟t have to go, but to, to, you know, just, to, the thought that you had to go on and into that intense battle that was going on, was scary. 33:02 Interviewer: Cause you hadn’t really had an experience like that you’d just been… No. Interviewer: … this very small scale stuff. Right. Pretty much small scale. Kind of another really scary moment, moment, we‟re all out on patrol, and I was out on LP, Listening Post, and you had to go out maybe -- everything was meters then, I don‟t relate to meters so well -- but maybe fifty yards out, and again, thick foliage, and I didn‟t go out as far as I was supposed to, I mean, you know, you just hear things and that night, probably the middle of the night, I heard a grenade go off and I thought, “Oh, wow, what‟s that?” Cause it was back to, you know, back where the rest of the guys were. That morning, what had happened, my best friend -- in fact, he still is, from Dubuque Iowa -- some Viet Cong tossed something towards his position hoping that he‟d fire his rifle so they‟d see the muzzle flash, and so he thought, “No, I‟ll just throw a grenade.” 34:11 Which I probably wouldn‟t have thought of. And next morning the guy was dead. Interviewer: All right. Describe a little bit what it was like to go out on one of the more extended patrols. You’re not just stomping around in the jungle for a while and going back to the, to the base, you’re staying out there. What was that like? It was, it, very interesting, in that, you know, sometimes you would get loud, you would think, because you‟d go a whole day and not really have any fired on, you kind of relax a little bit, your guard a little bit, and all the sudden you start getting the snipers or little bit more extended smallarms fire coming at you. 34:58 I remember one time, crossing a concrete bridge, and again I think it was forty, fifty yards long, going over some water, and rice paddies, there, there was a little bit more open ground, and when one guy got half-way across that, because we were being fired on -- in small, I mean, just a sniper, not all out -- so when the guy got half-way across, then the next guy started, you know, to keep that distance, and I was probably most scared guy there because when I ran, I was right on the rear end of the guy that was half-way across, and I wasn‟t that fast but I was that scared. Interviewer: All right, and then what would you do at night, if you’re out on patrol? Basically, you just, we just stayed about two guys together around the perimeter, and again, I‟m not sure what the Listening Post where you go out the fifty, sixty yards, whatever it is, probably four or five guys, you know, were around that perimeter, would do that, but you didn‟t do anything, you just, you kept quiet. 36:13 And, you know, hoping that the enemy didn‟t know where you were, but like I said, I think that they always knew where we were. Interviewer: And when you were on a listening post, do you have a radio of some kind, could you communicate back? �Yes. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Interviewer: Now, when, did you have the lieutenant commanding the platoon, was that how that worked, or a sergeant or …. We had a lieutenant. Sometimes when we went on a company operation we had the, the captain… Interviewer: Right, right…. … go with us, but basically, it was our lieutenant, and he was, he was good. Very good. We had a, and again I‟m so thankful for that extended training that we had back at Fort Hood. 36:58 Not only for the great training that we had, but I felt very blessed that we knew each other. We were pretty much all friends. It didn‟t care if you were black or white, Latino, we were, we were, we didn‟t see that. We were just friends. And I talked to a lot of veterans who went over like you were talking about before, just replacements, had no idea who these guys were, and so I feel very fortunate, cause, like I say, we have a reunion every three years with these guys. It‟s very, very special. Interviewer: What was the sort of the social or ethnic mix of that unit you were in, the platoon or company? We were mostly Caucasian, and I think between African American and Latino was probably pretty even, but I‟d say maybe fifteen, twenty percent. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 38:00 I think was higher than that in most units but, and interestingly enough, the perception of the Vietnam soldier is pretty much an uneducated person, we had, most of us guys were draftees, and very, a very large amount were college graduates. I wasn‟t, but, you know, I was in college… Interviewer: Right. … when I got drafted so, lot of misconceptions about who the real Vietnam soldier really is. Interviewer: Sort of a lot more middle class background and … Yes. Interviewer: …not so much just, you know, working class. �Yeah, we had, we were probably mostly middle class; a few that that weren‟t quite middle class but…. Interviewer: All right. So, okay, we again go back again into the, in with your unit out there. When you were out there on those longer patrols, would you get attacked at night or did things stay quiet or…. 38:59 Basically night, night was pretty quiet. At least where we were. Now virtually every night, we could hear fighting going on. And you not only hear it but you‟d see the lasers like every fifth round on weapons. Interviewer: Yes, the tracers. The tracer rounds yeah, yeah, laser, not tracer. Interviewer: Getting too modernized there. Yeah. (laughs) And every now and then, you‟d see the cobra helicopters shooting those rounds, I mean the tracers, they were firing so fast it was like a, just a steady stream of light. And even though we weren‟t really into that it was very scary. Just seeing that, cause you know it could happen any minute to you. Interviewer: Now did you wind up getting yourselves into any kind of larger scale fire fights? The, the biggest one -- we did. 40:00 The biggest one was when I got hit and there were, like I said, thirty to thirty-three of us. Nineteen got hit and most of the, the damage was done by the either land mines or booby traps. But, you know, Michael, the one, the one guy who did get killed, from Mobley, I had heard he took four rounds as well as the shrapnel. He was pretty much gone right there. Interviewer: Did you have any, did you ever have artillery support or air support when you were out there or was -- you just kind of on your own on the ground? Yeah we did have artillery support. In fact, one time, and this was twelve days before I got hit, we were coming to a village where -- another platoon from our company had been to that village the day before, and took quite a few casualties. 41:03 I mean, they lost, I don‟t think anybody got killed, but they, they had a lot of injuries. And we were coming to that village, kind of take care of business, and so before we came in there they called in a artillery, and the artillery was actually coming in on us, so the lieutenant calling it in, Lieutenant Fine said, “Everybody get down.” And he‟s the only one that didn‟t. And he got killed and he‟s the one actually calling the artillery, you know, I don‟t know if he‟s who made the mistake, the guys actually back at the base there, or him, but anyways they got him out of there, and this is the one time I actually volunteered to walk point, to go into to that village. I don‟t know why I did. 41:59 Cause you don‟t volunteer -- you‟re the first one they see and so normally I would be second and where there‟s a little lake on this side and it‟s pretty much all vegetation, jungle, vegetation on this side. �And came into a clearing and the village is over on the side of the lake, pretty small lake, like Fisk Lake here… Interviewer: Yeah. …in Grand Rapids. And when they saw me, they hit a command detonated mine. And by the time they saw me I was past it, and where I would‟ve been second, that guy got killed. And I have no idea, and I believe, you know, that was God‟s intention. Why he saved me or spared me and Casey didn‟t make it, he was gone right there, I‟ll only know that when I meet him in glory. Interviewer: At that point, when that does happen, you’re up front, the mine’s blasted behind you, everyone else is behind you, what happens next? 43:01 Not only did Casey get it, two guys behind him got a little bit, but not bad. They didn‟t have to be medevaced or anything, just Casey. And… but we all, then they started firing at us, in fact, I, course couldn‟t see anything but a bullet went right by my head, and I just, and there was a depression in the ground, they say never go into that because that could be booby trapped, but I thought, it‟s either taking a bullet in the head or, you know, I took my chance, got down, and after a while that firing subsided and we went into the village and I really don‟t remember too much after that, cause I was just pretty much traumatized by what happened to Casey. Interviewer: Did they call in artillery or, or helicopters when you got under fire like that? No. It wasn‟t a long lasting event. Interviewer: Okay. And the only chopper that really came in was to, to take Casey out. 44:02 Interviewer: All right. And the lieutenant who got hit was, that your platoon leader or a different lieutenant who was an observer? Right, he was an observer with the artillery… Interviewer: Okay. …crew. Interviewer: All right. In fact, we didn‟t even know who he was, just his name. Interviewer: All right. Now, you mentioned you’re going into a village, I mean, did you wind up seeing much at all of the local population while you were out there? �Not, not really. The villages were all pretty small, and it‟s, again, you don‟t know if they‟re your enemy or if they‟re your friend, but the thing I remember most is the kids. You know, and you just kind of fell in love with those kids even though you‟re in a country, these are the people you‟re fighting. 44:53 Because you don‟t know, even though we‟re in South Vietnam, which we‟re trying to keep from being a Communist, have a Communist takeover, you just have a love for those kids. In fact, I remember one time, we were in a village, very, right on the edge of the South China Sea there, and I remember this young woman, nineteen, twenty, she was nursing a baby, and I thought, you know, what is going on here? All these people want to do is live in peace. And here we are, we come and we‟ll set their huts on fire and, you know, it‟s just, you just don‟t know, you know, you just, so many things are going through your mind, you don‟t understand it all. And all you, all, at least most of us, we just cared about those people. And that really hit home when I saw that young, young mother nursing her baby and I thought, I just, try to solve this and get some peace. Interviewer: Now would the kids come up to you when you went through villages, or things like that, or did you just see them at a distance or…. 45:57 They‟d come up and they had Coke cans, and so they‟d sell you Coke and stuff. And, you know, America, of course, we‟re all, compared to them, we‟re very, very rich… and they think, also they think, I, actually I learned this going back „95, „96, that if you‟re heavy, or fat like me, you‟re rich. So I was pretty much a millionaire on that trip back. And again on the return trips, you just fell in love with those kids. Just, it‟s awesome. Interviewer: Did you have much of a sense of, of why you were there in the first place? Yeah, kind of alluding back to the training when I talked about brainwashing, and I don‟t really mean that in such a negative term, but that‟s kind of what they almost had to do, is, “They‟re your enemy,” they teach you, “that‟s your enemy,” and, but they also told you, you know, we‟re going over there, you know, to fight to Communism, and that‟s what I believed, and that‟s, you know, you got a thousand different viewpoints or, and, but I truly believe we were over there, despite all the politics and, and the rhetoric that was going on, I really feel that we were doing the right thing. 47:20 And I know that‟s not a real popular opinion, but I just kinda felt, especially when I saw that young lady with that kid, I thought let‟s, let‟s do our best to keep the communists from coming in here. Interviewer: Now in the time when you were there, out in the field, did you feel like you were accomplishing things or getting things done or spinning your wheels or… Spinning -- spinning your wheels. I almost felt like -- we weren‟t there, you know, we weren‟t there to take over territory or anything like that; we were just pretty much going out, search and destroy. And pretty much the same thing all the time, it didn‟t seem like we, we did accomplish a lot. 48:03 And, and I hate to talk in terms of numbers. But we lost between two and -- or fifty-eight thousand men, and I don‟t know how many injured. And nobody knows, but it‟s �between two or three million people they lost. And it just, it seems so futile, you know, and that‟s one of the things that -- and going back to Vietnam in „95 and ‟96, it‟s one of the things that was really on my mind, are they gonna hate us, and it was pretty much universal they‟d forgiven us. I couldn‟t believe it. Interviewer: All right. We’ll go back again into your company there. Out in the field. Now after the incident there by the village where the mine had gone off behind you, and so forth, was the next sort of serious fight you got into the one where you got hurt? 48:59 The next serious fight was when I got hurt and that was twelve days later, January 26, 1968. Interviewer: Okay. Between those nearly two week span there, not much really went on. It was pretty much just the daily sniper fire and the firefights that you could hear off in the distance, but where were we at, we mainly ran into booby traps and sniper fire, and occasionally like I say I was there for three months, we probably only had a half dozen firefights that we were involved in. Interviewer: Okay. Now did you ever actually see any of your enemy? Aside from the one guy who was dead there. That one, and actually, yes. Because a lot of our guys, and I hate to say, say this, would, after a firefight, you know, we‟d, they‟d go on there and just kinda hang them from a tree, or they‟d cut an ear off. I don‟t understand that. 50:16 Interviewer: So people that they’d killed in the fighting. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Yep, so after some of the firefights you‟d go on, you‟d see the dead soldiers laying there. Interviewer: Okay, and you mentioned that you did once see a North Vietnamese uniform? Yes. And it was, we‟re coming down in a village, and again the foliage, you know, was taller than us on both sides, we‟re going down a narrow path and he had just crossed a path, and like I‟m third or fourth in line, and the guy in front of me froze and, but I had no line of fire and, of course, carrying a grenade launcher there‟s no way I‟d fire that anyway, cause I hit some of that foliage and, you know, that could come back on us. 51:03 Interviewer: Right. All right, so it was just that, was just a fleeting moment there… Yes �Interviewer: …and nothing else. All right, take us through, if you can, that day when you went out and your unit got hit and you got hit. Well, now we were going out, I don‟t know if it was five days, six day, seven day patrol, so we were, we had a lot of gear with us, though with the ammunition, extra clothing, and pretty much uneventful until about mid-day, and all the sudden we heard a, an explosion and, and then we started hearing some firing and then as we formed a perimeter we‟d hear these booby traps going off. And then the firing, you know, started and all I remember is getting hit, you know, just shrapnel that is still in there, and I‟ve never been hit with a hammer, but that‟s what I would think it felt like, it just knocked me right back. 52:09 And I remember two of my friends giving me first aid right there. I couldn‟t tell you how long it lasted. I don‟t have a lot of memory of it other than I remember they sent five or six medevac choppers in and took us to a field hospital, and I can just remember guys just screaming. It was just like a living hell. And after giving me additional aid right there, they flew me to a hospital ship, The Sanctuary, it was on the South China Sea. Fortunately, it was pretty close to where we were at, and they operated on me that night, air force surgeon. And he told me right then, you know, you lost your eye and, but I remember being in Japan, in a hospital there, I remember this guy‟d lost both his eyes, you know, I‟m pretty fortunate. 53:08 Interviewer: All right. How long did you have to stay in hospitals? After Japan, I stayed in Japan for five days, never got to see it because, of course, I lost my right eye, and with the impact my left eye was pretty much swollen shut, and I could just, I could see light but I couldn‟t really -- and I could see shadowy figures, but I couldn‟t, couldn‟t see any countryside or anything. And after five days they sent me to Illinois, Great Lakes Naval Hospital and I stayed there about two months. I have no idea why I was there two months because the recovery didn‟t take that long. 53:55 But I remember going back home my first time home, sitting in the living room, or I‟m sorry the kitch -- dining room, and I poured a Coke, totally missed the glass. You know, by then I could start seeing a little bit… Interviewer: Right. … but the perception was way off, so, from now even to this day if I pour, usually I drink out of a can but I hold the glass and I put it right close so…. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah. What kind of readjustment process did you have? You come back; did they discharge you after you’re out of the hospital or what happens then? Oh, that‟s a good question. I, like I said, it was about two months that I stayed at the hospital, just maybe ten, fifteen miles south of Great Lakes is, was Fort Sheridan, I think it‟s still there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Just the north side of Chicago, and I stayed there… three months maybe? 54:55 And it‟s, they almost treated me like I was a new recruit, and one of the major jobs I had there was, of course, you had in the military, you have a lot of people moving in and out, brass, I remember having to �move the generals or the colonels and some of these places were three stories in all -- I couldn‟t do that today, doing that -- but I remember doing a lot of that, and most of my, most days I didn‟t really do anything. I was never put on KP or anything but, but those days that we had to move the coming or outgoing military brass, those were hard days. But they didn‟t treat you like you were returning vet for some reason. I don‟t know, I just didn‟t feel really appreciated back at Fort Sheridan. Interviewer: What else was going on at Fort Sheridan? Was that, were they using that for training or was it just…. 55:57 No. Fort Sheridan, very small, you know, when I think of Fort Hood and how big that was, Fort Sheridan is very small and I‟m not sure really what they do there, I think it‟s just maybe advanced, more of an officers‟… type of base, I‟m not sure but I think that‟s what it was. Interviewer: All right, and then did you get to go home and back and forth while you were stationed there or…. I went home virtually every weekend. It‟s interesting, while we‟re down there at Fort Hood before I went to „Nam, a lot of, a lot of us were car guys and we all talked about what kind of car we‟re gonna buy when we get out, and I bought a „68 Ford Torino, and I just loved that car. And I raced it, I went down to Martin and I raced quite a bit down there, and souped the engine up a little bit, and, but I‟d take the car home every weekend, pretty much while I was at Fort Sheridan and that was, like I say, three months or somewhere in there, I‟m not sure, and course I was madly in love. 57:05 Still am. And I, I‟d, late Sunday night I‟d take off for Chicago to get back to base, and I remember one time I was so tired I pulled off the side of the expressway there, somewhere around Gary, or Whiting… and dozed off, and next thing I know, there‟s a state cop, you know, “What‟s going on?” He said, “There‟s a rest area not too far away, you know, make it up there and then just get off this highway.” But yeah, I, you know, I always played it to the last minute because I wanted to spend as much time as I could with Connie. Interviewer: All right, and then did they discharge you after that, at the end of that stint at Fort Sheridan, or put you on some other kind of leave, or give you an assignment? No, no other assignments. Yeah, in July. I got hit in January 26, „68, and then July 17th was the date they discharged me. 58:04 Interviewer: All right, and then having done that, what did you do next? Did you get back home? Yeah, I went back home, lived with my parents for a while, and my ultimate goal was get back to the junior college, and again I really didn‟t know exactly what I wanted to do so I got a job, and warehouse work, general warehouse work, and I applied there and interviewed with the owner of the company, a fantastic man, he hired me on the spot, and 41 years later I was still there. And never did go back to college. But I really enjoyed what I did, they really took good care of me and did a lot of different things for that company, including driving truck, which was pretty much my first love...Not driving trucks so much but driving. 59:00 �Interviewer: And how long after you got back home did you get married? I got married May 8th, 1971, so about three years later. Interviewer: Okay. Took a little while. Now after you got home did you pay much attention to, sort of, the news about the Vietnam War or the war, anti-war movement, or any of that kind of stuff? Did you pay attention to that? It was hard not to cause it was, you know, all over the news and everything, but I tried to put as much behind me as I could. And I think it was, wow, I couldn‟t tell exactly how many years it was, but it was, I know, well over ten years before I had contact with anybody that I‟d served with, and again that‟s my buddy from Dubuque, Iowa, called me up, you know, he‟d had five kids by this time and he said, “We gotta get together.” 59:56 That next weekend, he was in Grand Rapids and that, that really helped. And another thing that helped, I was bowling in a bowling league and I came home one night, 9:30 or something like that, my wife is down in the basement watching TV, and I got into this program that she was watch-- I didn‟t know what it was, she didn‟t tell me -- it was in a town in Pennsylvania and I got really into the, the characters and all the sudden, they were going to Vietnam, it was The Deer Hunter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And that was the first time, I mean, that many years, later that I was really kind of able to, to face it. And, but 1995 when I went back that was what, what really, really helped me. And put a lot of the flashbacks that I‟d had, pretty much put those to rest. 1:00:58 Interviewer: So when you got home, so you did sort of have flashbacks or things like that, I mean? Yeah, you would wake up in the middle of the night and you were there, I mean. For the first several years, and I don‟t know, I couldn‟t tell you the frequency, three, four times a month at least, and you were there. You were in battle. And all of a sudden I‟d wake up and Connie just, “What‟s wrong, what‟s wrong?” Just sweating. You‟re literally just dripping with sweat. As the years went by, they were more the fact that I was still here stateside but being called back, you know, were the first ones where I was there still in battle, and that kind of evolved, it seems strange, but those were really scary, you know, being called back and having to go back again. 1:01:58 Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now, tell me how you wound up going over to Vietnam in the ‘90s? I, actually, this is -- I had been praying for some way to get back over there. And all the sudden, you know, after probably, just weeks after I had this desire to go back, I got a call from a guy who was in another platoon over there, but, you know, we got to know each other real well, Cal Backrain. He had a chance to go back to Vietnam and he didn‟t want to, and the guy who was in charge of this, Dave DeVries said, “Do you know anybody that would like to go? Cause we �have another slot.” He says, you know, “Call Paul Ceton.” So Dave DeVries called me, and that was, we went over in conjunction with International Aid. And, wow, it‟s one of the best things I ever did. 1:03:02 Interviewer: What were you going to be doing there? Was actually kind of a work trip, a mission trip. We‟re pretty much a Christian-based group going over there. There were twelve of us. We had a guide, Michael Vu, who was in Howell Mission at the time. He‟s a Vietnam -- was born in Vietnam, and he pretty much set up the itinerary, where we‟re going to stay and everything like that but -- and pretty much, most of us on that trip, the twelve guys we didn‟t know each other, we were, you know, we weren‟t in the same units when we fought in Vietnam, but one of the, the biggest projects we had was painting an orphanage. In a little town called Hoi An. Years and years ago it was the capitol of Vietnam, and at that orphanage each one of, each one of us had like five or six kids that would help us paint. 1:04:07 We‟d be slapping it on, probably got more paint on the ground than we did on the building, but… And of course Vietnam‟s one of the poorest counties in, in the world, and, you know, after we got done, this was the best looking building in that town. But, you know, we just really bonded with these kids, and at night we played ping pong or badminton with the kids, they were good. And next morning we had breakfast and, little more ping pong, and things like that and tidied up the place a little bit. We had actually wound up getting them a new stove in there. Everything they had was pretty crude. But about noon that next day, the twelve of us, you know, got on that bus, and there wasn‟t a dry eye. 1:04:57 I mean, not just us, those kids, the staff. That much love in a day and a half. We didn‟t speak their language, they didn‟t speak ours, but it was just an incredible thing, and I knew right then I did the right thing in going back. Interviewer: Now what else did you see and do while you were over there? We actually started out in Hanoi, we flew into Hanoi and it was pretty scary for most of us cause most of us hadn‟t been back. Dave DeVries had been there before, but -- or back again, and you‟d see these big 23s, you know, that are fighter jets on the tarmac there… Interviewer: Mm-hmm. … and we, we went through customs, and man, they were really, you know, you didn‟t if they‟d let you in or not. Finally did. And I remember taking the bus trip from the airport there at Hanoi and maybe a half an hour, forty minute ride in to our hotel in, in Hanoi, and when I was in the war, I never went in the big cities or anything, it was just small little villages, hamlets, but the poverty I saw, I‟ve never seen anything like that in my life. 1:06:18 Incredible poverty and, and I thought, I don‟t think I should be here. I -- and we got into that hotel and they paired us up, two guys to a room and I was with John Hendricks, who I never knew but now we‟re great friends. And when I went up in, into that room to get dressed for dinner, and cleaned up, I said, “Lord, I think I made a mistake.” I just didn‟t feel good about being there. Then we came down half an hour later or so, and met and one of the guys prayed before we went, we walked to this restaurant, was a very, very old restaurant and on the way there, the people in Hanoi would just smile and, and, “Hi,” they didn‟t really know our language, but they knew “Hi,” or… 1:07:08 �Interviewer: Mm-hmm. … and you started feeling a little bit better. And they just treated you like royalty when we had that meal. And I really don‟t like that Vietnamese food but I ate it. And, you know, after we, we ate, we kind of split up and maybe half of us, you know, like six, six of us went to this, we walked through Hanoi and we walked into this little café, and we were drinking Cokes and eating potato chips and they were playing „60s American music there and then when we walked back, and it‟s kind of late now, it‟s close to midnight, we‟re walking back to our hotel and, probably twenty, twenty-five minute walk, and I felt safer there than I, I, I would‟ve in downtown Grand Rapids that time of night. And when I got my, to hotel and I prayed, “Thank you, Lord, maybe, can we make this a long two weeks?” 1:08:00 Interviewer: All right, and so then from Hanoi, what else did you? Hanoi, we, we took an airplane down to Da Nang, we, we took a bus, you know, on part of the trip further south. I just remember going through some of the most beautiful places I„ve ever seen, little town call Lang Co, and then Hai Vam Pass, I believe they call it, which goes maybe three thousand feet up right off the South China Sea, it was just incredible, and the whole way, you know, whenever we get off that bus and stop somewhere, the Vietnamese were just so friendly to us. And again I go back to the kids and the kids always had something to sell, candy, Coke, something like that. 1:08:57 But, and, again the rich Americans and, and, but, man, I just, I just keep going back to it, but just to love those kids was pretty special to me. And pretty much I remember one time having, we had, we were guests of a veterans‟ group like our American legion, VFW, something like that… Interviewer: Right. We were guests of one of those units, and I was talking to this guy, a Vietnamese, he was a North Vietnamese soldier back then, and he was a colonel and we got -- and he could speak English -- and we got to talking, you know, when were you there, where were you, and all that, and found out that he was pretty much in the same area I was in, and at pretty much the same time I was in, and it could be we were in battle with each other. 1:09:59 I have no idea, but now it was a time of peace and it was just really special moment. And again I always wondered how they, the Vietnamese would react with us coming back, particularly like in Hanoi where we pretty much destroyed that town, and, but they somehow have a real respect for Americans, and they somehow feel second-class, you know, cause we‟re so rich, and we‟re so powerful, and they really have nothing. I can remember these two young college girls, and said, one of them said, “What do you think of us? Do you care for us?” And I said “I love you.” And that just meant so much to her. And so going back you just see so much more than what you read and, and the perceptions that people have, that, that, that just so many kind of misconceptions of what, what, what they‟re actually like over there… but so forgiving, and we just, they just, made us feel just so much at home. We actually wound up in Saigon -- Ho Chi Minh City… 1:11:13 Interviewer: Mm-hmm. �… which they call it, still Saigon to us. Whole lot different down there, while as Hanoi is the old, rich traditional and a lot of French influence up there, Hanoi is a lot more westernized or a lot more -Interviewer: Ho Chi Minh City, or…. Ho Chi Minh City, yeah, sorry, and prostitutes would come up on their motorbikes and proposition you. It was just so different and I can remember, we just had lunch somewhere and in a nice hotel and we‟re going back to our hotel which wasn‟t as nice. And a group of kids came around and this one kid was driving a bicycle and he drove that wheel right into my calf. 1:11:58 It‟s kind of strange. And I carried my wallet in my front pocket, you know, cause pretty much tell if someone takes it there. All the sudden when I, when that bicycle tire hit me, something‟s not right here and I reached for my wallet and it was gone. And I grabbed the kid on that bike, he was, I dunno, a teenager, and, and there‟s quite a crowd around there and I, I said I‟m not letting go till I get my wallet back, and then all a sudden, you know, after three or four people tossed it or handed it they handed it to me, I let that kid go. But that‟s something you wouldn‟t, you wouldn‟t expect up in Hanoi or some of the northern cities but Saigon, like I said, is just so modern, a lot of traffic. A lot of cars. Where basically up in Hanoi you basically have a lot of bicycles and not a lot of cars. 1:13:02 Interviewer: Now, did you make two trips to Vietnam? ‘95 and 6? Yeah I went back in „96. Interviewer: And… Again, we, we didn‟t have any real work projects, I think, but we just kinda wanted do was just interact with the people. I, I can remember, you know, that „95 we, we brought Bibles over, you know, we‟re told, encouraged, to bring them over. In fact, somehow we got some Vietnamese language Bibles for the kids in that orphanage, but then when we went back a year later, we were told not to bring them back because there were, I believe, six pastors had just got arrested for passing out Bibles over there. And it kinda depended where you‟re at. Vietnam is several provinces and pretty much each province is, is a little bit different, and, but where we were going they said you‟d better not better not bring any Bibles. 1:14:05 Well, I didn‟t, but some of the guys did. And it‟s amazing how word gets out that you have them. And a lot of the protestant churches over there are underground and I can remember this old Vietnamese woman, she had made like a two or three hour journey on foot to get one Bible for that whole group that she -- I don‟t know how many people it was, but of course I got five or six at my house and they have one for an entire group. Interviewer: Now, did you, on either of these trips, did you have any problems with the Vietnamese authorities? Yes. I‟m glad you asked that. On the second trip, we went down, there were six of us that got on this little minivan with two Vietnamese guides. 1:15:05 And we made like a two hour trip �and the reason there were [unintelligible] we were going down to an area that we were all pretty much close to when we fought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And the first village we went to, I remember Pastor Pat White, he‟s a pastor from Allegan, Michigan, great guy, he was pretty much assigned to that area. And he was, oh what was he, he was, not a doctor but… Interviewer: Just a medic, or…. A medic. Ha, thank you. And in that, the period of time he was there, I don‟t know how long it was, he was in this village, he delivered nine babies, or helped deliver nine babies. 1:15:56 But when he was there he had a guide, and I believe he was nine years old at the time. And you know he could speak Vietnamese and most people back then over there -- or he could speak English, most of them couldn‟t. And after all these years, when we went back there, he wanted to see him. And so he had a picture of him, of course this what, from close to thirty years later. Interviewer: Right. He had a picture of him, and went to hut, to hut, to hut: “Do you know him? Do you know him?” Nobody did. Finally, we went to this very old lady and she says, “I know him. I know him.” And she summoned someone to go and get him. Well, by the time he came back out, a large crowd had gathered, and they saw each other, and he knew Pat right away, and they just hugged, and right then, we got arrested. 1:16:54 And I was a little bit concerned cause we had a couple Bibles in this van and I thought maybe that was it, but it wasn‟t. It was just kind of a young police officer over there, probably trying to make a name for himself, he took all six of us plus the two Vietnamese guys, and they put us in this kind of police station, then they took us to another area and they took everything we had, you know, our passports, our wallets, pretty much everything we had. And it was pretty scary. So they arrested us, and you know, we just prayed, as a group. And after about three hours they finally let us go. And of course we went right back, the two hour journey. And again, two hours, you know, on the roads over there, it‟s, it‟s pretty rough travels… Interviewer: Mm-hmm. … so you don‟t make near as many miles in two hours as you would over here, but, but the bad, the sad thing was Pastor White wasn‟t able to see his friend. 1:18:00 Interviewer: Yeah. Well, that was a Saturday. Sunday morning we‟re out on a patio there at the hotel eating breakfast, and Pastor White prayed before that breakfast he said, “Lord, I‟d like to see him, and his wife, somehow, before we go to Vietnam.” We lifted our eyes from prayer and they were walking up that path. Unbelievable. We didn‟t know how, you know, they could afford it, you know, to, to make that journey, how they got there, but they were there. �Interviewer: Mm-hmm. It was just unbelievable. Interviewer: All right. Now, to think back a bit to the time, particularly the time you spent in Vietnam, or in the army or more generally, are there other things that kind of stand out in memory or kind of come back to you that you haven’t brought into the story here today? 1:18:54 Well. I think first of all, the thing that really got to me was the friendships that we made. And to see, you know, grew up in sheltered West Michigan, and to see people from different parts of the country, how they live, what their values were, I can say I‟m so glad I was brought up here. But I made friends from virtually all over the country and, and they‟re still just great friends of mine. So it was really the, the relationships, and I remember before I got drafted, and I knew I was vulnerable, I wasn‟t doing really that well at junior college, and, and I was dating Connie at the time, and I just prayed. I just prayed for months, I said, “Lord, I don‟t want to get drafted. Please don‟t let me get drafted. Cause I want to live the all American life, I want to marry Connie.” 1:20:06 Interviewer: Mm-hmm After, I don‟t know, two, three months, I don‟t know how long it was, I got that letter. You know, report the October 11th. I thought, “Lord you weren‟t listening, you didn‟t hear me.” And it, just twenty-six years later we were at a reunion at Nashville, Tennessee, I‟ll never forget it. Sergeant Cecil Hall from Mississippi, he came into a room with all of us gathered, I think there were nineteen of us veterans, plus wives and some had their kids there. And he said, “I‟d like to pray.” I thought, “Cecil? Pray?” And I don‟t remember exactly what he said, you know, prayed for those families of those that we lost, and all the sudden you just felt the Holy Spirit move through that room. 1:21:02 And that was a Saturday night. Sunday morning, you know, when we‟re all gonna go back to our homes, nobody wanted to leave. There was just such a bond there, just, just so incredible. When I finally got to my office, at work Monday morning, all a sudden it dawned on me. It was his will and not mine. And I‟m just so grateful, even though I lost a eye, I lost friends, went through some really traumatic and very hard times, for some reason, there was a reason. And I‟m so glad that I got that call to serve. And now it was, it‟s an honor to have served this country. And if it wasn‟t for being drafted I probably, you know, wouldn‟t have served and I‟m just so thankful for that, and I‟m just so thankful for all the guys that we have, the men and women who want to serve this great country. 1:22:08 Interviewer: And you’ve already mostly kind of answered one of the usual closing questions for interview like this. How do you think the experience affected you? I mean ultimately did you wind up growing or becoming a different or better person, do you think? Because you experienced all that? Yeah. I, I really do. I think it, it made me stronger as a person. Made me appreciate what our forefathers went through you know, not, not only just the ones who fought, you know, to make �this country free, I think of the pioneers, the people who went from the east coast to the west coast, the Donner party, you know, how so many people died. 1:22:56 And here we get in the car and we can be to Detroit in two hours or, you know, I can drive to Florida in twenty-some hours, and it, it just, you know, I just think back, the, the roots of this country, and, and I think of the people who fought, I think of the people who wrote our constitution, and we have a lot of problems, we have a lot of flaws, but this is the best place to be in the whole world. Interviewer: All right, well I think that makes a pretty good conclusion, so thanks for coming in and talking to me today. Thank you so much. Interviewer: All right. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceton, Paul (Interview transcript and video), 2010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ceton, Paul Description An account of the resource Paul Ceton was born in 1946 in Muskegon, Michigan, and was drafted in 1966. Following a year of training at Fort Hood in Texas, Ceton deployed to Vietnam as part of the 198th Infantry Brigade of the Americal Division. Ceton fought in Vietnam for three months and while stationed on the Van Truong Peninsula, he received head wounds during a firefight and lost his right eye. After spending time in hospitals in Japan and Illinois, Ceton spent a brief period at Fort Sheridan before receiving his discharge in July 1968, after which he moved back to Michigan. In the 1990s, he made two return trips to Vietnam. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010-09-18 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CetonP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives