114 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f91c6dac56213c60d637c3deaa9f9409.mp4 94288fce3dd98c846d89ba871ae8a984 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9e5d0a7f2ef14580f4f8da00ba82dcfc.pdf d8e41fd421049f5b32974037eccd8b16 PDF Text Text Bort, Frank Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Vietnam War Interviewee’s Name: Frank Bort Length of Interview: (01:23:20) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Chelsea Chandler Interviewer: “Okay, Frank. Give us some background on yourself, and to start with, where and when were you born?” Yes. I was born January 21st, 1945 in Youngstown, Ohio. Interviewer: “And did you grow up there, or did you move around?” Well, I was born and raised on a farm. It was my grandfather’s farm, and that was around Canfield, Ohio. And anyway, I lived there until up to about age eighteen or age nineteen. Interviewer: “Okay. Did you finish high school?” Yes. I went to Cardinal Mooney High School. Catholic high school in Youngstown, Ohio. Interviewer: “Okay, and what did you do after you graduated?” After I graduated from high school, I filled out my application to be a Catholic priest. So anyway, I went to St. Gregory’s Seminary in Cincinnati, and I was there for two years. (1:08) First year was a lot of Latin. This was 1963, and this is before the Vatican II. We had a lot of Latin, so the first year I was in—I was on there for two years, but a lot of it was learning Latin. Interviewer: “Okay, and then after those two years, what did you do?” After that, then I transferred to John Carroll University, a Jesuit college in Cleveland, and I was there for three years. And then I graduated from John Carroll University. I majored in psychology, and I was drafted shortly after that. Interviewer: “Okay. Now had you decided by then not to become a priest?” Well, yeah. I had decided in the seminary. Just wasn’t for me. It just—No, it wasn’t for me because I had this great interest in women. I said, “This ain’t going to work.” I said—Yeah. (2:02) �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “All right. So you went out. You got a psychology major. Of course, you have a deferment through the time you’re in college, or at least you had four years of it.” Five, actually, because two in the seminary and then three at John Carroll. Interviewer: “Yeah. I think the government only normally let you have four though.” But I think if you’re in the seminary, they add a— Interviewer: “That could be it, but regardless, you did not get a draft notice until after you graduated.” Correct. Interviewer: “Okay. So now at this point when you’ve got the draft notice, how much did you know about Vietnam?” Boy, that’s a good question. How much did I know about Vietnam? I had some knowledge about—that they called the domino theory. There was this fear of communism coming down and taking over. And I had been through what’s called ranger training at John Carroll University because they had a big ROTC program. I was not part of ROTC, but I got involved with the rangers. And yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Now what did that actually consist of?” Learning how to rappel down mountains and a lot of exercise. Running around the campus. And I don’t recall a whole lot more than that, but yeah. Interviewer: “All right. Okay. So then when do you actually start training?” I’m sorry. Train? Okay. I started training—That would have been in September of 1968. Interviewer: “Okay, and where were you doing your basic training?” I did that at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and I was actually in the same barracks as Elvis Presley except years later. Interviewer: “All right, and now what did the basic training consist of?” �Bort, Frank As far as I can remember, I think it was twelve weeks. Well, a lot of running with the pack in your back, and, I think, learning how to handle weapons. (4:10) Some—I don’t know—karate. Different things. Different—I forget what they call them—confidence courses they would put you through. Learn how to use a bayonet. Interviewer: “How much emphasis was there on discipline?” Quite a bit. Discipline was a major thing. If one man messed up, the whole company had to pay for it. Just like if you were going to have a free weekend, if one man messed up—If he took an extra piece of pie, you know. Whatever. Then the whole company paid for it. Yeah. Interviewer: “All right, and how did the instructors treat you?” I was fortunate where I was because I’ve always been kind of a sensitive guy. Somehow I feel God gave me a great—what do you call those—not platoon sergeants, but the— Interviewer: “Oh, drill instructors, or…?” Yeah, yeah. Yes, so I had a real interesting drill instructor, and he seemed to understand me. And so we got along quite well, but, I mean, it was all about discipline and so forth. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and so how easy or hard was it for you to adjust to military life?” I think I kind of laughed my way through a lot of basic—I thought it was so funny. Some of the stuff just made me laugh. Interviewer: “Now did you understand what they were doing?” No, I could understand what they were doing, but I just found it funny. Just funny. And anyway, I used to make a—Well—Yeah, but I just found it funny as well. (6:05) Interviewer: “Okay. Well, now you were probably older than a lot of the guys you were training…?” I was twenty-four. Yeah, so in many ways I got a kick out of it. I don’t know. I just did. It was different than anything that was—So I—But it was. I enjoyed it. I don’t know. Plus, you had all the camaraderie with all the guys you’re with, so it was—I didn’t mind it. Interviewer: “Okay. Now you had a college degree. Did they encourage you to go to OCS or NCO-School or anything else like that?” �Bort, Frank Well, let’s see. Okay. After basic training, then I went to advanced infantry, and that was in Fort Polk, Louisiana. And anyway, I heard that was the toughest place as far as infantry goes. People would sign up to get to Vietnam just to get out of Fort Polk. And so anyway, they had this place called Tiger Village. Tiger Village at Fort Polk. But anyway, it’s not so much, I don’t think, that they asked me. I think it was more they told me, “You’re going to NCO-School in Fort Benning, Georgia.” And I said, “Fine.” Interviewer: “All right. Now was that after Fort Polk?” It was after, I think—I believe it was after—Yeah, after Fort Polk. Yeah. Interviewer: “Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Now tell me a little bit more about what the training program at Fort Polk was like.” Yeah, that was a challenge. Fort Polk—They had a lot of snakes. They had a lot of snakes, and so you had to watch out. You had to be careful. But I remember a lot of it was running with packs. But I can remember just the strictness of it. (8:05) It was like the real army. I wouldn’t know how to describe it. It was just—how do you say—It was just very professional army. It was just very challenging. Very—what have you. Interviewer: “How much of it was geared to Vietnam?” I think almost all of it. Interviewer: “Okay. Did they have Vietnam veterans training you?” I don’t really remember, to be honest. At that point I just don’t remember. Interviewer: “All right. Do you remember if they had anything like a mockup Vietnamese village or things like that?” Yes, they had those kind of things. They had those kind of things, and—Sorry. I don’t have a lot of great reactions. Yeah. Interviewer: “That’s okay. All right, but anyway, out of that then you get sent to NCOSchool.” Right. At Fort Benning, Georgia. Yeah. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Okay. All right. Now what was that program like?” Well, they call it Shake n’ Bakes. Shake n’ Bakes. And what was that program like? Well, that’s where you’re learning more advanced things. How to use a compass. And, you know, in front of you are the squad leaders, you know, leading men because the squad leader, you know, sergeant like eighty-five, would have like—I think it was six or seven guys under you. So it was learning how to lead troops, and they taught you more about weapons, I think, and so forth. Yeah. (10:02) Interviewer: “Okay. Now was it a harder course than what you had at Fort Polk or about the same level or…?” It was a different kind of a thing. I think Polk was more intense. Yep, I mean, Polk was a real army. It was just—Man, I remember people said, “Man, just get me out of here.” Because it was so intense. “Sign me up for Vietnam.” You know, but—Pardon me. But anyway, Fort Benning as I recall was more discipline, order, how you look in your uniform. Just a different experience. Yeah. Interviewer: “All right. Now do you think that that training did you any actual good when you got to Vietnam?” I think it did because they taught us leadership, and, you know, I knew I had that extra experience because I was there, I then went through training, so I think I expected more out of myself also. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. Now I think the standard procedure for a newly minted sergeant or Shake n’ Bake as they call them was then to send them to a training unit someplace to serve as a junior instructor and get some leadership experience before you go to Vietnam. Did they do that with you?” Yeah, what they did with me is they liked me so much that they actually sent me back to Fort Polk, which they didn’t call Fort Polk. They used to call it Fort Puke. Interviewer: “All right, and what was your job there?” My job there was to train troops. I had, I guess, a platoon or something under me. A barracks, you know. And they had the drill instructors there, but I was more just in charge of a platoon or barracks. Whatever. (12:02) And so, I guess, to provide order. Just to make sure discipline was supplied and so forth. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and just give you some practice giving orders and being in charge.” �Bort, Frank Yeah, because I was in charge of barracks. I was—You know. Whatever. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and how long did you stay there do you think?” I think twelve weeks. I think so. Interviewer: “Okay. I think a lot of the training cycles were usually eight weeks.” Oh. The eight weeks. I forgot. Anyway, I forgot. Yeah. Interviewer: “But basically you’re with one group for one training cycle.” Yeah. Right. Interviewer: “Okay. Now once you finish that, do you get a leave home, or do you just go straight to Vietnam?” After that, my—It may have been my—My thoughts are not that—That’s very possible. But then I remember going to Fort Lewis, Washington, and that’s where I flew out of. Was Fort Lewis, Washington. Interviewer: “Okay, and do you remember the route you took or where you stopped along the way?” To Fort Lewis? Interviewer: “Oh. From Fort Lewis. When you left Fort Lewis to go to Vietnam.” Oh, yeah, yeah. From there my recollection is we flew to Hawaii and then Japan, but I remember you were not allowed to get off the plane in Japan, which I found strange. But anyway, yeah. Interviewer: “All right. Okay, and where did you land in Vietnam?” Well, I landed in what’s called Tan Son Nhut Air Force Base. It’s interesting. Something I found fascinating is before the plane landed, I had this inspiration that I couldn’t die. I had this inspiration I couldn’t die. I wondered. It’s like, “What is this?” You know. And so I start thinking, “Well, God must have some sort of purpose for me afterwards.” You know. But I just found that like, “Wow.” And—Fascinating. Yeah. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Okay. All right. Did you land during the day or at night?” Oh, brother. This I don’t remember. I would say night. I think it was probably night. (14:11) Interviewer: “What was your first impression of Vietnam when you got there?” Well, it was frightening. I mean, my first thought—I said, “My guys, this is it. This is Vietnam.” You know. Not knowing what to expect. It’s just like a little frightening. And so what I recall is when I landed in Saigon, they put us on these C-130s without seats. There was no seats on them. Because I was going up to what’s called I Corps, which is Huế Phu Bai. Interviewer: “Well, did you spend any time on the ground in Saigon first or at Tan Son Nhut or at another base? Because usually they bring people in, and then they get given their orders and they’re sent someplace.” Yeah, I think you’re right because it was when I was at Tan Son Nhut. That’s when I found out I’ll be with the 101st Airborne. That’s my first recollection, and also something I always remember is they had this special toothpaste, which was nine percent. The ten was fluoride. I don’t why, but I remember these strange things. So yeah. So I guess that was at Tan Son Nhut. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. All right, but then they put you in a C-130.” Yeah, and they turned off all the lights. I remember they turned off all the lights, and they said, “You are now in a combat zone.” And this I found frightening because we’re flying. We had no seats in the plane. There’s no seats in the plane. Just sitting on the bottom of, you know. Just on a plane without seats, and all the lights are on. And that was—Yeah. An experience. Interviewer: “Okay, and once you get to Phu Bai, what happens?” Well, when I get to Huế Phu Bai, we were taken to a place called Camp Evans, and when I got there, then I was directed to go to a certain barracks, I guess. (16:07) The Charlie Company. Interviewer: “Okay. Charlie Company of what unit?” Charlie Company of—Charlie 2nd Battalion, 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne. Interviewer: “Yeah, and 2nd Battalion of the 506th Regiment.” Right. It was the—Right. They called the Band of Brothers. Band of Brothers. Yeah. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Okay, so you joined that, and what kind of reception do you get when you join the unit?” Yeah, I joined the unit. I recall everything being fine. It was a warm reception. I don’t recall any— Interviewer: “Okay. When did you get to Vietnam?” I believe I arrived, I think, October ‘69. October ‘69. Interviewer: “All right. Okay, and was the Company in base camp, or were they out in the field?” I think—My recollection would have been that most were in the field at that point. That’s my recollection. Interviewer: “Okay, and then did you wait for them to come back, or did you go out to join them?” Well, what happened was I wasn’t sure when I got to Vietnam whether I was a conscientious objector or if I wasn’t, and I knew I had to resolve that before I—Now I had to resolve what I, you know—So anyway, I’ll just say I wasn’t real anxious to get out to the battlefield because I wasn’t even sure where my conscience was with all this. And so I was struggling with all this stuff. So anyway—So when I first got there, I was trying to figure out ways to stay from going out in the battlefield. So anyway, I found out one of the doctors on base was from Cleveland, Ohio. (18:06) And so somehow I was talking with this doctor, and I told him I was having a problem. I guess—I don’t know. Some kind of ear problems. Hearing or something. And he said, “Well.” He said, “If you want to have your hearing checked, we have to send you out to that hospital ship, the USS Sanctuary.” Because at that point I was still not keen on—Well, because I didn’t know if that reference to my conscience was even where I was with—No, it hadn’t been resolved, so I was just trying to find ways to bide time or—I don’t know—whatever. So I said, Fine.” So anyway, I went out to the USS Sanctuary. I said, “Here I am on this ship outside.” I said, “There’s got to be something wrong with me.” I said, “There has to be something wrong with me.” So they found out I had a pilonidal cyst. So they said, “Well, you know, you can have this operation for pilonidal cyst.” I said, “Sure.” Because I figured that would just buy me more time. So I ended up having this operation for the pilonidal cyst, and so then they said, “Well, we can’t send you back to Vietnam right now because it might get infected.” And the USS Sanctuary was going into porting Guam or somewhere, so they said, “We have to send you to Japan. We have to send you to Japan.” And I’ll tell you— “Until you get healed.” It’s quite an �Bort, Frank adventure. “We have to send you to Japan to 7th Field Hospital.” So I was on the Sanctuary for a while. How long? I don’t know. Two, three weeks. Whatever. But I remember everybody was smoking pipes and everything there. So anyway, I ended up going to the 7th Field Hospital in Japan, and I was there for—I don’t know—about six weeks. (20:04) And I was a sergeant at that point, so you’d have twenty-four hours on and twenty-four hours off. And at the 7th Field Hospital, which is outside of Tokyo. And so it got to be about Christmastime. They said, “Well, Sergeant Bort, you know, it’s time for you to go back to Vietnam.” So I asked the doctor. I says, “Is there any way that I can stay until after Christmas?” He says, “Sure.” So I stay in Japan until after Christmas. Then I went back to ‘Nam. Interviewer: “Okay. So how did you spend your time in Japan?” How did I spend it? Well, one night I—Well, I was—Let’s see. Being a sergeant. Let’s see. What happened? I don’t remember being in charge that night, but I remember they kept everything in there very clean. We had to polish floors and everything else. But twenty-four hours on and twenty-four hours off. One day I was off base, and I’d missed the last train back to the base. And I met this Japanese guy who used to be an officer. Whatever. He was in politics. And we became friends. And so he showed me all around different places in Japan. Ordinary. You know, people wouldn’t go. So how I spent it was there’s a place called Shinjuku. Shinjuku was like the Greenwich Village of New York. So I’d go to Shinjuku. You’d see all these famous actresses, and so I had my picture taken with these Japanese actresses and, you know, different things. But I got tuned into the Japanese life. I’d go to these Japanese museums. I would—People, I thought, there were extremely friendly. Very, very friendly. And so I just had one ball, and I just had a great time there. Interviewer: “So when did you actually get back to Vietnam?” Right at the beginning of January. Right around the beginning. Somewhere around the beginning because I had to leave right after Christmas. Yeah. (22:04) Interviewer: “All right, all right. Now this time—So you’re back to your unit, and they probably don’t know who you are.” I’ll tell you who the top—the top sergeant said. He said, “Bort, I’ve never seen anybody get over as much as you. This guy blew the army out of a [?].” He looks at me. He said, “I’ve never seen anybody get over as much as you.” It was funny. Interviewer: “All right. At that point now was your unit in camp?” �Bort, Frank No, they were out, and I had resolved the fact that—Somewhere along the line I had gone to chapel and prayed, and I had said, “Well, I would know if I had a family, and somebody came after my family, I would defend my family.” And I knew I was a very strong anti-communist. So I said, “Well, I’m fighting communism.” I just said to myself, “I want to help stop communism.” And that was, you know. So I resolved the whole thing with God and my conscience. So it’s almost like you’re not really part of—At least my experience—You’re not really part of the experience until you meet the guys you’re going to be with. Until you bond with them, it’s— Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. So where do you meet them?” Out in the field somewhere around—Somewhere close to Ripcord, I guess. We weren’t on Ripcord yet in January, but it was— Interviewer: “January you might have been a little closer to the coast like Firebase Jack or somewhere around there.” Could have been one of those places. O’Reilly or I don’t know where. Kathyrn. I’m not sure. Interviewer: “Yeah. Well, there were people at Kathryn or O’Reilly at different times, and those are kind of between Ripcord and the coast, too. Yeah. I think you may have been at that point in January still more in the lowlands because that was still monsoon.” Could be. Yeah. Could very well be. (24:00) But anyway, I did one of the stupidest things a guy could do. I go out—You know, I’ve flown out on the Huey. The chopper. So I go up to the company commander who’s at there, and I salute the guy in the field. That’s the stupidest thing anybody can do because if there are enemy there, then they can recognize, you know. So immediately it’s like, you know. Because I’ve always felt a bit from some other world. I’ve never been part of this. Interviewer: “Okay. Now who was the company commander at that point?” That was Captain Vazquez. Interviewer: “Oh, okay. And how did Captain Vazquez respond to being saluted?” He was the coolest guy I’ve ever met. This was the most professional soldier. To me, we all considered him to be a soldier soldier. And he never really seemed to get flustered. I don’t remember that guy ever getting flustered. He just—But I just had the greatest respect for that guy. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “All right, and so now who was your platoon leader at that point?” Platoon leader, I believe, at that part was Sergeant Paul Burkey, and Sergeant Paul Burkey and me were—We had grown up very close to each other in Ohio, so it was like—It was very interesting meeting somebody from that area. Interviewer: “Okay, and by reputation he was a pretty good soldier, too.” That was a guy, I felt, who grew up in the jungle. That man was made for the jungle. I mean, he was just something else. Oh, yeah. Interviewer: “Yeah. All right, and then what kinds of things were you doing with the unit when you first join it? I mean, kind of January, February. In there.” Well, I remember doing a lot of what they call hoofing, you know, on the ground to different places because Vazquez had been trained with the Green Beret, and I had talked to him later. I said, “Why did we always move so often?” And he said—Well, that’s what he learned in the Green Beret, which is you never stay in one place for, you know, two days. Because I was curious why we were always moving, but that’s what he learned in the Green Beret. And so we did a lot of trekking through the jungles, and that’s what I recall. (26:08) Interviewer: “Okay. Now early on were you having much contact with the enemy, or was it pretty quiet?” Early on there was not much. There really wasn’t much, and it kind of reminded me of being in Boy Scouts. I don’t know why. I just had this feeling of being in Boy Scouts because we didn’t really have contact early on. Interviewer: “Okay, and if you were moving through kind of jungle areas or things like that, did you use trails, or did you stay off of them?” Well, I remember we hacked our way through a lot. We had these machetes, and we hacked our way through a lot of stuff. And so I would say we kind of formed our own trails. Interviewer: “Okay, and now did Sergeant Burkey or the other guys kind of show you what to do and how to do it?” Yeah, they broke you in when you were there. It’s like they say the most dangerous time for anybody is when you first get to the country and when you’re about to leave. So, I mean, it’s a �Bort, Frank break. In fact, Lieutenant Campbell was, at a certain point, my platoon leader because I remember I went on my first long trek, and I had this backpack. And we got to a certain point—I think it was like almost where we were supposed to go, and my legs gave out under me. The head said, “Go.” And the legs said, “No.” And he made a comment later. He said, “Man.” He was surprised they didn’t train people better, you know, for being in that kind of thing, and I always remember that. Interviewer: “Okay. Now when you came in, did you become a squad leader right away, or did you shadow another one for a while, or…?” I kind of remember quite soon taking over. I mean, that’s my recollection. Interviewer: “Yeah, and did you take over from anyone, or was there just nobody—not another sergeant in your squad with you?” This I don’t remember. Interviewer: “Okay. All right, and you’re going in as sort of this newly minted sergeant with no field experience, and the guys that you are leading at this point have all been there longer than you. How did you approach that? (28:16) Well, nobody trusted new guys. Nobody trusted them. I mean, you were trusted after you proved yourself, and so I think they were very wary of new guys. They were very wary because they had the experience, and we didn’t. So, I mean, you learned a lot from your men. I mean, so it’s like you may have been the squad leader, but you learned a lot from guys who were there because they were there before. They had the experience you didn’t have. So it was like you learned along the way. Interviewer: “At what point do you think you started really functioning as the squad leader and being in charge?” Yeah, I—But I think it’s a gradual process, and I don’t think it’s really until you start having your first combat. You have your first contact with the enemy, you know, and so forth that you start getting—I don’t know what you call it. Confidence? Or you just feel more attuned. You feel more attuned to where you’re at. It’s called in country. You feel more in country. Interviewer: “Yeah. So how long did it take to have contact or a firefight of any sort?” My first recollection of that—It may have been March or April. I don’t know. Yeah, yeah. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Okay, and do you remember anything about what happened?” I remember this one guy. He’d just come out to the field. Brand new guy. And he got killed seems like almost in the first week. And I just remember—It’s like, “Wow. The first—” You know, it’s like, “This is for real.” (30:03) I also remember a lot of guys just playing cards. I remember—Because we had a lot of downtime. So guys like Vazquez would read these Western books. Cowboys and Westerns. And I remember just playing a lot of cards and stuff. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Yeah. So it’s not too—not a particularly intense experience yet, but you are getting used to marching through the jungles and cutting trails.” The jungles. And yeah, getting acclimated with the guys, the country. Yeah, so it’s a—Yeah. Interviewer: “Yeah. Okay. Now starting in March the battalion has the assignment of establishing the firebase at Ripcord, but the first attempt to establish it—A Company tried it, and it didn’t work. And then B Company on April 1st lands there, but there’s too much fire. They take off. All right, and then a week or so later, it’s your company’s turn. Now were you part of that? Were you one of the guys?” Yes, I was one of the first. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Talk about that day. What happens that day?” What happened was I had been in the—in a field hospital because I had cellulitis in my hand, and it was too tender for the medic out there to heal it. So they had flown me in to this field hospital where I was—They had to get the infection out. So I had met Lieutenant Campbell who was, I think, coming off an R&R or something. So we both flew out to the bottom of Ripcord— on the foothills of Ripcord. We both flew out together because we heard they had action around that area, and we both felt badly that we weren’t there. Because once you meet your men, you want to be with your men. You just want to be there. (32:01) And so we both felt badly that we hadn’t been there, but they hadn’t really gone up Ripcord yet. They were just around it. And I remember—Two instances I remember was—Well, everybody has to take a leak or whatever, and I went to this one area, and they says, “Sergeant Bort, that area you’re walking to is not safe.” So I came back. The other thing I remember—There was a chopper coming in. There was a pretty tall guy with a helmet on, and the chopper came down and didn’t hurt him, but the blade hit the top of his helmet. And I always remembered that. And thank God that, you know, the guy wasn’t hurt. But I remember it hit the top of his helmet. So I don’t know where you want me to go from there. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Well, basically, what do you do? You join the unit. You’re at the base of the hill. Now what happens?” Yeah. Okay, so what happens is we’re told at a certain time or whatever, we’re going to go up the hill. We don’t know what the hell to expect. We don’t know what—We just don’t know what is going to happen. You know, and so my recollection is we’re spread out and— Interviewer: “How steep was the side of the hill?” Well, it wasn’t like a cliff or nothing. It wasn’t like this, but it was something like—I don’t know how you say— Interviewer: “Well, were you able to walk, or…?” Yeah, we could walk it. We’re able to walk it, but the thing is we had no idea what to expect. And so we’re walking up there. And so then finally we get up to the top, and we see that there’s no enemy up there. And my recollection was somebody got killed because they did something up there, but I don’t know what happened. (34:05) So anyway, I mean, we felt exalted. How could you not? You felt great that you got to the top of this place. It was like, “Wow. Here we are. Here we are on Ripcord, and we did it. We’re here.” It was great. It was a wonderful feeling. Interviewer: “Now at that point do you start digging positions, or putting up wire, or what are you…?” Oh, yeah. Immediately you start putting up wire. You start digging foxholes. All kind of—The perimeter. The fence. And they bring in these—I don’t know what you call them—gunships and everything. But they drop this—See, I’ve forgotten what they were even called. This hot stuff that burns everything around the area. Interviewer: “Well, that’s napalm.” Napalm. But they’d drop it off, and I remember they got too close to where I was. I was with this Radcliff, and so—Because I’m on the side of the hill. I’m not on the top of it. And so I go up and tell Burkey. I said, “These guys—They’re dropping this napalm too close.” So then they call them off. They notified me, and I said, you know, “You’ve got to back off with this napalm.” Because they got too close to us. But that was quite frightening because it was being dropped too close. Interviewer: “Do you remember helicopters bringing in a bulldozer or anything else like that?” �Bort, Frank Yeah, gradually everything was coming in. Bulldozers, artillery, everything. And at one point they brought out—They called the guy Black Jack. I forgot some of the names, but— Interviewer: “Yeah, it’s sort of the—It was like—He was a—” The Lieutenant Colonel. Interviewer: “Yeah. Because he was like a Spade.” Spade. Interviewer: “Black Spade.” Black Spade. My—Black Spade. Yeah. Well, he came in, and for some reason, he asked me to play the part of a gook. (36:12) To go outside the wire. He wanted me to go outside the wire and come in. So I did. So I was pretending like I was the gook, you know. You know, that’s what we called them then. We called them the gook. And so I came out of the wire or however I did it, and they were watching, you know, as I came in. I always remembered that because he wanted me to play that part. Interviewer: “Okay. Now do you remember Captain Vazquez inspecting the works or anything like that? Did you see anything of him while you were…?” Oh, yeah. He—Let’s see. I don’t know if Vazquez was there at that time. Interviewer: “He was not there that day. Not the first day you came in. I think the second day.” Did he? Because you know better than I do. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Interviewer: “But then, once he was there, I guess—One thing that Lieutenant Bob Wallace talks about—Vazquez looking at the—you know, his wire and tearing it all up and making them do it all over again.” Well, Vazquez was very precise. I mean, Vazquez—You’re talking a professional soldier, you know. I mean, he would be by the book. So yeah, Vazquez—Yeah. Interviewer: “Because Vazquez also talks about designing your defensive positions and things like that. The holes you were in.” �Bort, Frank I didn’t hear you. That Vazquez talks about? What’d you say? Interviewer: “Yeah. Vazquez. He talked about designing the defensive positions and the shape of the holes you would be in and all that kind of stuff like where you’d sleep and where you’d fire from.” So you’re saying Vazquez did that? Interviewer: “Yeah.” It wouldn’t surprise me because he was a master. He was the master. It’s funny. When we were with Vazquez, we never feared anything. Our attitude was, “He’s smarter than the enemy.” And so when we were with Vazquez, there really wasn’t that much fear. Interviewer: “Okay. Now were you ever with Vazquez when there was much actual fighting?” (38:01) Well, yeah. The first action we had, I believe, we were with Vazquez. We were hit on one side of the mountain or something, and I was on the other side. I remember blowing a Claymore on the opposite side and then going up with my squad or whatever to join the first squad where they were being hit. And I remember some guys had gotten injured and so forth. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and so, I mean, did you see anything of Vazquez at that point, or…?” The only thing I can say about that is he kept everything in good order. That’s the only thing I can remember. He kept everything in order so it wouldn’t go into chaos. That’s the main thing I remember him. Interviewer: “And the Vietnamese sometimes had a way of avoiding the companies that were well-managed.” Precisely. I always had the thought that the Vietnamese knew who had their shit together, and Vazquez always did. He had his shit together. Interviewer: “So you’re on Ripcord, and you’re there helping set it up. Do you have a sense of how long you stayed on Ripcord before you rotated off?” Well, they were sending these squads, platoons, whatever out into the field, so I don’t recall ever being on Ripcord that long. We would be there, and then they would send us on these patrols. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Yeah. Right. Because they had to rotate which companies were there, and sometimes they split platoons out of the companies.” Correct. Right, right, right. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. So kind of in April, May, June—So before the siege, before Hill 902, you’re patrolling a lot in the jungle. Are you finding anything?” (40:11) Well, what we found—Yeah. What we found was a North Vietnamese treasurer. A guy who had all the money who was going to pay the troops. And we found him, and I know they shot him. We just kept on thinking, you know, “His guys are not going to be that happy. They’re not going to get paid.” But I also remember being out in the jungles in the mountains, and I remember them calling in fire from the New Jersey. I remember that happening, and I was like amazed. I said, “Wow. The battleship. And you’re calling New Jersey.” It’s like, “Wow.” You know. Interviewer: “Yeah. Were there signs of enemy activity? I mean, you ran across the paymaster.” Ran across the paymaster. I think there were sightings. There may have been sightings here and there, but I don’t remember anything that close at that point. But I remember at one point we came up upon a North Vietnamese—Something happened, and it may have been an officer. And he was in a bush and you know. And so yeah. So anyway he didn’t last long. I’ll put it that way. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. Now I know a couple of things happened, I think, in June, but one of them is that Vazquez rotates to the rear. Do you remember when he left, or…?” That’s what’s most confusing to me. When he left. Because then we had other people come in charge, and that was—I don’t know when that was. Interviewer: “Yeah. Now there was also a stand down in June, and most of the battalion went back to Camp Evans for a couple days.” Yes. Interviewer: “All right, and that changeover might have happened then.” It could have happened then. Yeah. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Okay. Now do you remember anything about the fellow who replaced Vazquez?” (42:06) Well, we had a bunch of people replacing—I think—I don’t know. Lamb? Somebody Lamb, or—I’ll be honest. I get confused. Interviewer: “Well, okay. The commander who replaced him was a fellow named Hewitt.” Hewitt. Okay. Yeah. Interviewer: “Captain Hewitt. And he was with you not too long in the end.” Because he came from down south. Interviewer: “Yes.” Yeah, and what I remember about him is we couldn’t believe this. They would bring—See, they were fighting a different war down south than up north, and we couldn’t figure out— “Why are they sending this guy up here? Because we’re fighting a different war up here.” And he just seemed to be misplaced. It just seemed to be misplaced. I was just saying. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Now did the company still pretty much function the way it had under Vazquez?” Well, what happened was I didn’t care for the discipline when Hewitt came. I didn’t care for the discipline because one of the things I loved about being in the jungle is a lot of freedom. Nobody really harped on you because you’re out there. You’re fighting. And, you know, it’s not like being in the back. And you always had a lot—And so you always had a lot of freedom. But when Hewitt came, he wanted—I got to be pretty well-known for this. But when Hewitt came, he had this thing where he wanted everybody to shave off their mustaches. And I said, “Now wait a minute,” to myself. “Here I am willing to give up my life for my country, but—” I don’t know. Maybe everybody has a certain—I said, “I ain’t shaving off my mustache.” So anyway the colonel, Harrison, came out one day, and he’s talking to Hewitt. So I walk up to the colonel. He’s talking to Hewitt. (44:05) And I said, “Colonel, what’s the—” I said, “What’s the procedure with mustaches?” And Harrison said, “As long as they’re neat and clean, you know— ” So I get to keep my mustache, and I felt sorry for everybody who had to shave them off. And all the men said, “Bort.” Even Campbell got on me later. He said, “What the hell, Bort?” You know, you know. But I guess I had these boundaries. It’s like I’m willing to go so far and then forget it, you know. “If you want to send me to stockade, do it. I’m already out here.” But I felt �Bort, Frank so proud, and everybody kind of like—“Who is this guy?” You know. “He walks up, and he—” But I always felt like, “Wow.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Well, you’re talking about discipline now. Now Vazquez was certainly disciplined.” But he didn’t care about mustaches and shit. I mean, Vazquez cared about keeping—I don’t want to get down on Hewitt, but like I said, everybody felt—Vazquez knew that area. Hewitt—It’s not fair to Hewitt because he came from down south. He came up north, and he’s fighting. And the guy’s out of place, so it’s nothing against him. He was in a different warzone. It was a different thing. Interviewer: “Well, yeah, yeah. Basically I’m just trying to sort of clarify a little bit because, you know, Vazquez, you know—He had his rules and his way of doing things, but they were all geared toward keeping you alive.” Keep you alive and keep you safe. And in many ways you felt loved by Vazquez. I mean, you just felt this was a fatherly figure. We used to call him “old man”. I mean, one time we’re going up this mountain. You know, we’re going way up there, and it’s surrounded in clouds. I walk up to him, and I said, “Sir, is it okay if I go and play in the snow?” I mean, I was just—And you know, I said, “Is it okay if I go play in the snow?” He knew me, and he just—Everybody laughed at me because even like Liebecke says to me—He said, “Bort.” He said, “You’re the most— You’re like the most unusual soldier there ever was.” (46:14) But, you know, just these comical things. Yeah. Interviewer: “All right. Now whose platoon—Now you were in Burkey’s platoon still?” Well, I was in—I remember being in Burkey’s. Then it was Campbell. Took over for a while. And then the guy from A Company took over. He was a West Point grad from Alaska. Interviewer: “Well, that was—Well, Hawkins—” Hawkins went for a while. Interviewer: “Okay, but that—” That was before Ripcord. Interviewer: “Yeah, but he was actually—Yeah, I mean, he was a lieutenant.” �Bort, Frank Yeah. Lieutenant. Okay. Interviewer: “Yeah. But anyway—But you’ve got—But I guess—And so, well, we’re now kind of getting now—So there’s a stand down in June. You go back out on the field. You’ve got Captain Hewitt now as your commander, and now we get to the first of July. Now the first of July is when the North Vietnamese start hitting Ripcord with mortars, and your company—Now were you—There were two platoons of your company that went on Hill 902, and Burkey’s platoon was not there.” No, no. What happened is we would have—My recollection is we would have these rotations, and it was Burkey’s platoon’s turn to rotate to go back on Ripcord. And I happened to be with Burkey, so we went back to Ripcord. Interviewer: “Yeah. Okay, and then on that night you have a situation where the company—those other two platoons—they stay on Hill 902 for a second night.” A tragic second night. Interviewer: “And violating, you know—” Violating all of Vazquez’s rules. Interviewer: “Yeah, and they were doing it under orders.” Oh, I know, but, I mean, I just knew Vazquez would never do such a thing. Interviewer: “Right. Yeah, and so now they get overrun. Now from where you were did you know that was happening?” (48:00) Yes. We could see it happening. We were sorry we weren’t there because here your company— They’re out there, and you’re on this firebase. You can see all this shit going on, and it tears your heart apart because you want to be with your men. You want to be out there. And yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Now how do you reunite with them?” Well, they—No. Now what happens is as soon as daybreak comes, they chopper us out to the hill, and they give us bags to look for body parts. So I’m walking around with this big plastic bag looking for body parts. I didn’t find any, but that’s what—I mean, you know. That’s what I was doing. And for the first time in my life I see men—They talk about the thousand-yard stare. I’ve never seen that before, but guys who went through 902—They were, for one day, totally—They �Bort, Frank were just changed men. I look in their eyes, and you could see this—I’d never seen it before. This thousand-yard stare. And I was like, “Wow. What the hell happened here?” I mean, you’re just like, “What was this all about?” Interviewer: “Yeah, and did anybody tell you anything about what happened?” Well, yeah, eventually people would say what happened. They would give you their, you know—“We were overrun.” Because the captain, Hewitt, got killed that night. I heard different stories. One his twelve gauge shotgun got jammed. He was in the hammock or something, and it got jammed. Interviewer: “Yeah, yeah. So you got bits and pieces from the different people who survived it.” Different people who were there. Interviewer: “Yeah, and hadn’t been wounded and taken off because those two platoons were a lot smaller than they had been. And so now you’ve got a situation where your company is pretty badly under strength, and your platoon is a lot of it.” Right. Okay. Interviewer: “Okay, and then you get a new commander coming in. You’ve got Captain Wilcox coming in.” Okay. Interviewer: “All right. Do you remember him joining the unit?” I remember him joining the unit because we hit it off great immediately. We just hit it off. We just hit it off immediately. (50:01) And so the next major objective I remember if I’m not going too fast is we were told by Spade to go up to this Hill 1000. Interviewer: “I think it was an event the day before when some of the men went to recover. A mechanical ambush. And your medic got killed.” Oh, yeah. Okay. Yeah. I was with Campbell, and this, I think, is when—Can’t remember his name. Schlecker or Schlacker or whatever. But one of the guys—I was going to take the guy back. He was supposed to go home on a—He was supposed to go on a seven-day leave, so I told Campbell. I said, “I’ll go on the squad with them to go out to check all the mechanical �Bort, Frank ambushes.” And Lieutenant Campbell says, “No, you stay right where you are.” And then the one gentleman, Reissinger, went out and got killed, and I was going to take the guy’s place. So you think of what—And I remember guys being called back and screaming out of pain. And yeah, I remember all that. Interviewer: “Yeah. And so you lost your medic, and then you got a new one come in who was a conscientious objector.” Okay. Interviewer: “And you might not even gotten to know him, but—because he just joined you, and he was not armed. But then that next day, that’s—Now you get the order from the battalion commander to go and attack Hill 1000. All right. And so take me through that day.” Yeah. Through that day. That was probably the most momentous day of my being there. And I always carried a bible around with me. And I remember talking to Hupp, one of the guys in my squad. And I said, “Hupp, some of us are not going to make it back from this hill.” I just had to—“Some of us are not going to make it back.” He was one of those who didn’t make it back. (52:03) Yeah. What happened was—I’m a little confused. But I don’t know if we had a platoon. But we had what I think was like twenty-six guys or something. Interviewer: “That was your company. You had thirty men.” Thirty men. See? Oh my god. See, this is my recollection. Interviewer: “Okay. So basically—I mean, my understanding was you were told—Basically you were attacking a hill that had sort of two crests on it, and D Company was supposed to go up one side.” Yeah, that was the day before. Interviewer: “Well, they had tried it, but they were supposed to go up again that day, same as you. But you had to go through the jungle, around the hill, and up the other end.” Yeah. Interviewer: “So first you have a hike through the jungle, and then you go up the side of the hill. Okay. Now do you remember going up to the side of the hill?” �Bort, Frank Yeah. Yeah, I do. I remember. Yeah, quite vividly. Yeah, so anyway we’re going up the hill, and from my recollection, according to Sergeant Burkey, I was the first one up the hill. That’s what he told me. And so anyway when I get up on top Hill 1000, there’s all of a sudden all this firing going on, and so I get on the ground. And so then other guys—You know, Sergeant Burkey and some come behind me, and so then they actually knew more than I did about where the firing and stuff was going on. So we worked our way up to this ridge because there were trees there, and you could hide. Yeah, hide behind the trees. So I got behind this one tree. Burkey was on the other side of the hill. Whatever. And so Campbell was behind me and the captain… Interviewer: “Wilcox.” (54:06) Wilcox was there, but Wilcox was pretty new in company, so Campbell took pretty much the command at that—From my understanding. From my take. At that point. Interviewer: “Basically Campbell and Wilcox say that Campbell’s—Wilcox wanted to go forward. Now he had experience from being a platoon leader already, but Campbell said, ‘No. You’re the company commander. You can’t get killed, so I’ll go.’ So, in a way—So Campbell was kind of taking charge there, but he was then kind of leading the forward move.” Yeah. So I remember—I remember getting behind this tree because I remember being one of the first ones that actually got to that ridge. And I saw them firing from this bunker. And so at one point Campbell says—He said, “Bort. Sergeant Bort.” He said, “Get your head down.” So he probably saved my life at that point. So anyway I got my head down behind the tree and, you know, was shooting at stuff. And then he said, “Take your helmet off, and hold your helmet in the air.” So I took a stick and held my helmet in the air, and they’re shooting it with a machine gun at my helmet. And so then—Anyway, at a certain point he, I think—Campbell, to the best of my knowledge, said, you know, “Get somebody in your squad or somebody, you know, with the grenades. Who can shoot grenades over there.” And so I told Hupp. I said, “Hupp.” Because I was kind of passing down orders I was getting. I said, you know, “You have the grenade launcher and, you know, if you could start shooting grenades over there.” And that’s when to my utter, complete, total surprise, he got up on his knees. It’s like you’re watching this stuff, and you don’t believe it’s happening. (56:01) It’s like you’re—It’s like it’s—You—I mean, you just— And so when he got up on his knees, he got shot in the head. Interviewer: “How far in front of you was he?” Five feet or even that. He was quite close, and it wasn’t that far from me because I was behind this tree at that point. And so he got up on his knees, and it’s like you’re not believing this. You’re looking at it. You’re not believing it. And you know. And so he got shot in the head. So I �Bort, Frank called the medic. I called for the medic, and I didn’t know this guy was—I didn’t know anything about this medic being conscious. I didn’t know anything about this guy. So it’s almost like that movie about orange they talk about it. What was that? Orange... Interviewer: “A Clockwork Orange?” Not Clockwork, but one of these things. The fantasy thing about Vietnam. Whatever it was. I forget which one it was. Marlon Brando or who was in it. But it’s like unreal. Interviewer: “Oh. Apocalypse Now.” Apocalypse Now. It’s the only thing I can relate it to is being like Apocalypse Now. This—I call the medic as I see Hupp’s been hit, and so here I’m watching this like surreal thing going on. This medic walking up. It’s like, “What the hell’s going on here?” He’s just standing, walking, going up. You know, because he should be down on the ground. He should be protecting himself, and I didn’t know the guy was kind of—I didn’t know anything about the guy. All I had to do was call the medic, and so then he gets hit and killed. And so later on I’m talking to some of the guys, and I said, “You know, when Hupp got hit, was he killed immediately?” They said, “No, he was still alive. He didn’t last that much longer.” Because I was wondering. I didn’t— They said, “No. After he got hit, he didn’t die immediately, but—” So I was just wondering, you know, about that, but I remember—So, anyway, that happened. And then I remember going to the other side of the hill to see Burkey, and then we talked. I remember talking to Burkey, and then all of a sudden we were commanded to get off the hill. (58:17) We were told enemy troops were approaching from this side of the hill, and you’ve got to get down. Interviewer: “Okay. Did you have the two bodies with you?” We did. Had the bodies with us. And so I carried Hupp. I put Hupp on my back, and I’d never had that experience before. That this was a man going through rigor mortis. I could feel him go into rigor mortis as I’m carrying him, and I was running out of water. I was running out of water. So here I am carrying my best friend because Hupp was my best friend. And so here I am carrying my best friend on my back who’s dead. I’m running out of water at the top of a hill. So anyway I asked one of them—I remember I asked somebody if they had any water, and they did in their canteen. So they gave me some water, and—Because I didn’t carry him all the way down. Then we passed, you know, the body on to somebody, and I remember when I got down to the bottom of the hill—I’d never had an experience like this before, but it’s one those—I don’t know what they call—kind of moments. But it was a moment when I really didn’t care if I was living or dead anymore. It’s like I had this feeling like I didn’t care if I was living or dead, and I remember the thought was, “When you no longer fear death, you don’t fear anything.” I remember having the sense I didn’t fear anything because if you don’t fear death, you don’t fear �Bort, Frank anything. But it was one of those—I don’t know what kind of moment you’d even call it. It was just—You know, but I—Because I was so exhausted, and it was just—Just through the whole experience it was—Yeah, just— (1:00:10) Interviewer: “Surreal, I suppose.” Surreal. It was like you’re—I don’t know how you describe it. It was some kind of a—Yeah. Interviewer: “Now do you recall seeing anything else going on around you at that point?” No, no. My remembrance is that I don’t think I ever remember being so exhausted ever in my life. I mean, I just don’t remember ever being that exhausted as I was. And, I mean—Yeah. Interviewer: “Yeah. Now when you got back, did you remember seeing any of the guys from Delta Company there, or was just your own guys?” I think there were other guys. I think there was a bunch of guys there, but my main recollection is Wilcox coming to talk to me because he had told Black Spade, the lieutenant colonel, that I was—that I had actually seen the enemy. And so anyway I ended up with Black Spade and Wilcox. And I told Black Spade, “Yeah. Yeah, you know, I saw them in—whatever—the bunker and shooting and, you know, the whole thing.” And so anyway I—So my recollection is when I was there with them, he asked Wilcox to take his guys up again. (1:02:09) Which absolutely made absolutely no sense to me because I’d never been so exhausted in my life. It just—It didn’t come to me. I couldn’t—I mean, I just—I didn’t—I couldn’t put that together in my mind. Going up again. And I remember Wilcox saying, “Sir, if you want to, you can send me up. I’ll go alone.” I never met such a—There ain’t no way I would have said that. I mean, you talk about a hero. I wasn’t going to go up that hill again alone. And so—But Wilcox said, “No.” He said, “No, I’m not going to ask my men to go up there again.” You know. But he said, you know—He said, “I’ll go up there again alone if you want.” And I said, “Well, what the hell kind of guy is this who’ll go up there alone?” Interviewer: “And at this point did Wilcox seem fairly calm or rational, or was he angry, or…?” Oh, yeah. I thought he was rational. Yeah, he was rational. I didn’t see him as being kooky. I didn’t see him as being any—He was just—I think he knew what the hell we’d been through. Interviewer: “And when Colonel Lucas, Black Spade—When he talked to you, was he—He was only asking about what you saw. He’s not asking about what the condition of the men are, or…?” �Bort, Frank I don’t remember him asking—I don’t recall him asking about the condition of the guys. I just confirmed that yes, I saw the enemy and what I may have told him. But I don’t recall him asking about, you know. But I recall Wilcox saying, “I’ll go up alone.” And I said,“Who the hell is this guy?” Interviewer: “Okay, and then what did Black Spade do at that point?” Well, at that—Okay. When that happened, I—Pretty much after I said, “Yes, I saw the enemy,” and I heard Wilcox saying all this, I think I was kind of dismissed, or I went back. (1:04:16) So I don’t know. So I didn’t learn until later that they’d had to go, you know. Yeah. Interviewer: “But basically they have a discussion of sorts, and Wilcox is removed from command.” He’s removed. Right., right. He’s removed. Here’s a West Point graduate who is taken out of the field, but he was never stripped of his rank, which is very rare, I heard. It was very rare. So he went back to the back. Interviewer: “Yeah, he was sent to the rear.” Sent to the rear, which would normally be quite a disgrace because when you’re out there, here this guy’s a hero. Greatest hero. You know. And I’m thinking Black Spade’s out of his mind. This is just my thing. I said, “How the hell are we going to go back?” And I had never been so tired in my life. Exhausted. That we’re going to go back up. “What the heck is this?” Interviewer: “All right. So now your commander’s gone. And what happens to the company at that point?” Then I remember, I think, going back to Campbell or something. Interviewer: “Well, Campbell would’ve taken over because he would’ve been the only officer left until they bring in the new commander.” Yeah. So that’s why I remember him. And then I remember something about Alpha Company coming under some kind of fire somewhere, and they had a lot of resistance. And so they sent us to relieve Alpha Company. That was my recollection. Interviewer: “Okay. Well, there were—Yeah. I mean, so you’re basically—I think the sequence, I mean—So Alpha Company gets into really big trouble at the very end. Like �Bort, Frank 22nd, 23rd of July right at the time of the evacuation of the firebase. And Delta Company 1506 got in trouble a day before that, and you guys went out to help them get out.” (1:06:06) Okay. Delta. I wasn’t sure. Okay. Interviewer: “Yeah. But there were a couple of those things going on. So you’re pulled out on the field. Because I guess in Wilcox’s account of things, I mean, maybe he wasn’t relieved absolutely immediately because he talked about bringing in new guys and having new guys and old guys mix together. And then at a certain point he’s removed from command not too long afterward. But regardless—But they did have to kind of rebuild the company because you’d gotten so small, and so that would have taken—Okay. So—And at this point a lot of that—After that incident at Hill 1000, are things kind of a blur for you for a while?” Well, I remember being on the field, and I remember being choppered out to relieve this Delta Company—I guess Delta—and all the shit they’ve been through. And then I remember we had to get out of there in a hell of a hurry. Something was going on. We’re being surrounded or something. Yeah, and, you know—And sent these choppers, and I remember being one of the last guys on the chopper. And I used to think, “Man. I’m one of the last guys getting out of this chopper. I better make sure I—” You know. I mean, I was relieved when I got on the chopper because I didn’t want to be left behind. But my recollection is one of the last guys getting out of the chopper. Getting out of there. Interviewer: “Right. Yeah. Because the NVA had been closing in on this other company, and you had bought them some time. But now you had to get out.” Right. Interviewer: “Yeah, and it was getting—According to Liebeck, it was getting dark and, you know, getting to the end of the day, and so you had to get out. Yeah. Okay, and now do you go back, and do you have a stand down at Evans, or…?” What date was this? Interviewer: “This would have been about July 22nd, 23rd. About the time of the evacuation of the base.” Okay. Yeah. (1:08:03) Yeah, my recollection—Okay, we would go back to Evans and have a stand down at that point. That would be my recollection. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Okay. All right, and now do you go back out in the field then after that?” I remember leaving country. It was around the middle of August. I remember Sergeant Burkey being in the hospital or something. For something or other. Interviewer: “Do you remember going to any other firebases after going to Evans, or do you think you went from Evans and just left?” I just recall Evans. That’s all I recall at this point. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. But you’re getting to the end of your tour at that point.” Right. Interviewer: “I guess, because earlier you mentioned—Okay, so you arrived in Vietnam in October of ‘69, and you went away because you were—had the medical stuff, but that still counts as part of your overseas.” Correct. Right. Well, I got out for early school. It was—Yeah, I got out early because I was applying for graduate school, so they called it an early out. So I got—Yeah, so that’s what happened there. Interviewer: “All right. So how do they get you out of Vietnam? Once you get your orders to leave, what happens?” So—Okay. Then it’s what you call the Big Bird comes in wherever that was. The major airport, I guess. I don’t know. Interviewer: “Well, would you have gone to Cam Ranh Bay or Tan Son Nhut or someplace like that?” I would say Cam Ranh Bay. I don’t remember going back to— Interviewer: “Okay. A lot of people left through there, so it’s possible.” That’s what I would imagine. That’s what happened. Was Cam Ranh Bay. Cam Ranh Bay. Yeah, because I remember being in Cam Ranh Bay. And so that’s where—And I remember being on like either the next to last or last guy on the plane. (1:10:07) And I don’t know what was going on on the plane, but somebody said, “If you don’t calm down, we’re not taking off.” And I’m �Bort, Frank like, “What the hell is this?” There on the plane. I don’t know what’s going on. So anyway I remember I was in the front row of the plane. And yeah, it’s funny. Interviewer: “Okay, and then where do you land in the States?” Fort Lewis, Washington. I land in Fort Lewis, Washington, and that’s where you’re supposed to have all your discharge. Well, they had lost my—Because the only thing I could figure out— When I went to Japan, they had lost my papers. I don’t know what happened. So then I had to be discharged on my say-so. And so that’s when they did the DD214 on my—And the captain who was doing all this—That’s what I was signed down. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Now when you left from there, did you wear your uniform to go home, or did you change clothes?” I remember wearing my uniform. Interviewer: “Okay. As you’re going through airports, did you ever see any protesters or things like that?” Yeah, but—Not that—But, you know, what I remember before those flights in—Everybody was looking forward to getting this big steak. Because when you get back there, they had this steak thing, and we’re talking about getting this steak. So I remember that. Then I remember flying out on Continental, and I was so impressed with Continental Airlines. I thought, “Man, this is something else.” I remember, I think, you know, flying through Colorado or something, and then from there to Cleveland. And my mom and brother and two sisters met me in Cleveland. Yeah. Interviewer: “All right. Now to go back to Vietnam a little bit—A few other things. There are stereotypes about Vietnam that often don’t always apply all that well to people who were out on the field. One of them is that there was a lot of drug use and so forth. Did you notice any of that?” No, no. What I found—And they said the 101st was a very professional—Of course, Vazquez was professional professional, you know. (1:12:07) His thing was keeping guys alive and, you know, professional. I don’t recall any—I don’t recall anything—Any time we were out on the field—Because everybody was responsible for everybody else’s back. And I don’t think anyone would put up with that because everybody was responsible for everybody else. So anytime they was on the field, I—No, I don’t recall anything. Interviewer: “Okay. If you’re on base camp—” �Bort, Frank On base then there’s more leniency. Yeah, yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and then also a question just about racial tensions at that point. Did you observe any either in the field or back in the rear?” There—Yeah, there was some out in the field, but not by all the races. There were—Some of the African Americans were absolutely fabulous. They were just terrific soldiers, and there were others that just didn’t seem to be too happy to be there, you know. And I got to thinking some of them really didn’t care to be under me. I’ll be honest. I thought they felt like I didn’t know what I was doing or something. It might be they didn’t feel very—I don’t know. So I didn’t feel particularly admired or liked by some of them. Interviewer: “Okay. Then did you have much contact with any Vietnamese people whether civilian or military?” Well, I remember some Vietnamese because what happened was I didn’t smoke at that time. So since I didn’t smoke, we used to get all these packages in, and I remember trading cigarettes for chicken and different things. But I can’t recall any certain time. But I just remember feeling great that I didn’t smoke because I could trade my cigarettes for—You know, with Vietnamese for stuff. Interviewer: “So how would you encounter Vietnamese people?” This is a good question. I don’t even know how. Interviewer: “Well, some worked on the bases. So if you were back at Evans or something—” (1:14:09) Maybe. Maybe there or—Could have been. They could have been. Interviewer: “Because there weren’t a lot of civilians in the areas where you operated.” No, there weren’t. I’ll tell you one thing, though. My mom was very popular in Vietnam because she would get the ladies from the community to bake cookies. To do all kind of stuff. And so I would have all my care packages sent out to the field, but I heard a lot of people didn’t. They kept them at the base. But I would get my care packages and share them with people. Like sausage, cookies, all kind of stuff, you know. And that’s what I recall. And, you know, getting pop out there, cans of pop. Different things, you know. �Bort, Frank Interviewer: “Okay. All right. So now once you are back in the States and you’re discharged, now what do you do?” Okay, okay. I went back to the farm where I grew up because that’s where I—That was the home I had at that time. And my mom was away, but my dad died at forty-nine. And so I stayed with— I stayed actually in the farmhouse. It was a ranch home, but it was on my grandfather’s farm. And that’s where I stayed. Interviewer: “Okay, and then did you go back to school, or…?” No, what happened was I—What happened—I was—Like I said, I got an early out in order to go to college, so I went to John Carroll. I was going to get a master’s in social work, and what happened when I went to apply, they said, “Well, you stammer, and because you stammer, we can’t take you into this program.” So here my plans to go to grad school fell apart. So I said, “Well, this is—Okay, they’re not going to accept me because I stammer.” You know. So then I went back home. (1:16:10) And to my recollection, I tried to find a job at that point. Yeah, and I remember I went to this employment agency, and I remember my mom went with me at that point and—I don’t know. But it’s like the guy there was not very happy with Vietnam vets. And it probably upset my mom more than me. I don’t know. But it just—That, I think, was the one instance—The major instance I recall was—I don’t know what I was doing. Applying for—I don’t know what I was doing. Looking for a job or—I don’t know—whatever I was doing. See, what happened was I had applied for a job right before I went to Vietnam as an appointment counselor or something, but I got drafted the same day I was supposed to start the job. Therefore, they didn’t save the job for me. The same day. So then I went back, and so there was no job for me. So it took me a little while until I found a job in Cleveland as a caseworker with Public Aid. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and is that the kind of career area you stayed in, or…?” Yeah. So I stayed in my—basic social work my whole life. I’ve been in that. Interviewer: “Yeah. Did you eventually get a master’s degree from somebody else?” No, no, no. What happened, though, even before the Cleveland—even before all this happened, I was on the farm, and I started to become suicidal. I felt everything was closing in on me. I felt everything was closing in on me. I was beginning to feel—I was feeling suicidal and—Because I know when I first got back, I couldn’t sleep on the bed. I had to sleep on the floor, and any loud noise—Boom. You know. (1:18:06) And so anyway, my mom knew this pharmaceutical salesman who knew a psychiatrist. So I went to see the psychiatrist, and I think I must have scared the heck out of this guy. He put me on four major medications for a year. Mellaril, �Bort, Frank Sinequan, and whatever. So for a year I was on these major medications, you know. And so— But that eventually brought me down. The medications eventually brought me down. Because I remember going to see the psychiatrist at the—in Cleveland. But he said no, you know. That was fine. And so—At the VA. I was at the VA, but they just kind of dismissed me, so— Interviewer: “Well, PTSD hadn’t really been identified yet.” I guess it hadn’t. Yeah. Interviewer: “And the VA wasn’t treating it. And in effect, with some of the stuff you had—like the reflex stuff—that can be controlled to some extent by the kinds of—maybe tranquilizer type things that you were being given. So that might have accidentally wound up being something useful for you at that point.” I hear you. Yeah. Interviewer: “But yeah. At least, that’s what I—I mean, I’m just kind of guessing because—Putting that together.” But I know when they put me on all this major medication for a year, you know, I came down. Interviewer: “All right. And then do you still—Do you have, you know, longer-lasting after-effects?” Yeah. Well, I did. I mean, all the major stuff kind of—Well, I’ve been in—I was in therapy for many years, but not everything was Vietnam. I had, you know, just growing up issues and things to do with life, and I’ve always been kind of a sensitive soul. It’s like Liebeck says. I’d be the last one you would think would be in the army. I had actually signed up for the Peace Corps to go to Kenya, but I was turned down for that. And I used to think, “Boy, here I’m going to ‘Nam, but they wouldn’t accept me into the Peace Corps.” You know. And so yeah, I mean, even after—Even two or three years—I don’t know. Maybe not—Maybe eight or nine years ago— Because I had been in Florida about ten years—I was going—Well, I’m Catholic. I was going to Mass at the VA, and the priest there—He said, “You have PTSD.” (1:20:22) I wasn’t even aware. And so they had these two Catholic ladies who were there. They had this psychiatric department. It was at the VA. And so I went through PTSD training. I saw a psychologist. I went through all this stuff there. And yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Now if you kind of look back at your time in the military service, do you think you took anything positive out of it?” �Bort, Frank Anything what? Interviewer: “Anything positive out of your time in the service.” I think it was probably one of the times when I was most alive in my life because they say the closer you are to death, the more you are alive. And I felt so unbelievably alive. And the group of guys, you know. And you’re just—I don’t know. You’re out in the jungle, you know. Vietnam was a beautiful country. I mean, god. They used to be called the Pearl of the Orient. And, you know, when the mountains—All these rushing streams and, I mean, you’re in—You’re in, you know, all this beauty. You know. “What the heck is this fighting all about?” But no, I mean, it— How can I say it? It was a very positive experience for me. Extremely positive. Well, they say that which does not kill you will make you stronger. And so no. All kinds of—I mean, I think in many ways for me it was positive. You know, very positive. Extreme—Like I say, I don’t know that I ever—when I felt more alive. Interviewer: “All right. But probably not something you want to do again.” (1:22:04) No, but I’ll tell you one thing. And I think one of the major problems they had in Vietnam was— It’s like you’re in the jungle, then maybe within a week, you’re back in the world. And there was no halfway point, and it’s too much of a change for people who have been fighting. And I know if I had been in charge, I would have sent them to Panama and the jungle and play cowboys and Indians for six weeks just to come down. I think that would have helped a lot because there was no decompression, you know. And I don’t know why they never did something like that, but that’s one of the faults I see. Is not sending us guys somewhere we could come down. Interviewer: “Yeah, I think the modern military tries to find ways to deal with that. At least, they’re aware of it. But in those days they really hadn’t figured it out.” Yeah. It’s just like wow. Interviewer: “Yeah. Well, you’ve got a pretty good story there.” I didn’t know how good it was. I had no idea. I just— Interviewer: “Yeah, you did a good job with it. I just want to thank you for taking the time to share it.” Oh, thank you for asking me. �Bort, Frank � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BortF2284V Title A name given to the resource Bort, Frank (Interview transcript and video), 2018 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-11-03 Description An account of the resource Frank Bort was born in Youngstown, Ohio in 1945 and grew up on his grandfather's farm around Canfield, Ohio. Shortly after graduating from John Carroll University, Bort received a draft notice and attended Basic Training in September 1968 at Fort Knox, Kentucky, advanced infantry at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and then NCO-School at Fort Benning, Georgia. In October 1969, Bort was deployed to Camp Evans in Huế Phu Bai, Vietnam where he served in the Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Regiment, 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne. He recieved medical treatment on a hospital ship due to worries over hearing damage. Bort's unit participated in the establishment of Firebase Ripcord as well as the attacks on Hill 902 and Hill 1000 before recieving an early-out of the Army to attend graduate school. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bort, Frank Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, RHC-27 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ce12a6d2b9e366808a930f345315c46d.mp4 cf15302b98ec857e34859351307c0012 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/60d66b1b93d4b4a4102c8cd8ae8327a1.pdf 9414b4545aee28a43e62f353f2abda89 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview William Bos Length: 49:11 (00:15) Background Information      Bill was born in Cascade, Michigan on December 18, 1922 and went to school there through 8th grade His father was a farmer and Bill had 13 siblings His father got sick when Bill was a teenager and he had to quit going to school to help work on the farm Bill received deferment from service in WWII because he was a farmer, but all his friends were being drafted and he was feeling left out He enlisted in the Navy after his two best friends enlisted in 1944 (4:25) Training  In June of 1944 Bill was sent to Great Lakes Naval Academy in Chicago, Illinois for boot camp  Bill did not find training to be very hard because of his experience on the farm  He did not really get homesick and got along well through the hard physical work (7:05) New Hebrides  After training Bill was sent to New York where the men boarded a troop ship and a huge crowd of citizens saw them off  They first went through the Panama Canal and then headed towards the New Hebrides  The ship was ran by the English and the trip lasted 44 days; they ran out of food for the troops and only had bread and water for the last 12 days  There were about 3,000 men on the ship and at one point they all had dysentery  Bill began working for a Marine base in New Hebrides  He was working on the base for 3 weeks before he was called up by an officer to inquire about farming techniques on the island  Bill then had a new job working in the gardens on the island and helping the horses get exercise (14:05) Traveling in Convoy  Bill was assigned to a new ship working with a gun crew to escort other ships and look for enemy submarines  They never ran into any Japanese submarines and first traveled to Guadalcanal where they patrolled for 3 months �     In January of 1945 Bill traveled to the Philippines for the Philippine Liberation and they continued patrolling along other islands in the Pacific They continued patrolling and gathering supplies and then headed to Okinawa where they worked on shooting down enemy planes for 3 months There were many kamikaze attacks in the area and many close calls that were very scary Bill worked traveling in convoys usually with hundreds of other ships He had R & R in New Caledonia and it was excited to get some decent food (26:00) Ship Life  No one over 35 years of age was allowed to work on the ship because it was felt they could not handle the hard work  Some men were on the same ship for 18 months before they were allowed to have a break  While traveling through the Pacific Bill was caught in 3 different typhoons; those were the only times that he was really scared and truly thought he was going to die  They ate tons of spaghetti, played cards, and sometimes were able to watch movies  They did not often have free time and there was always something going on in the ship to keep them busy  Sometimes when they stopped on various islands they had time to play sports and go swimming  All the men got along well and Bill made a few good friends that he still keeps in touch with (38:45) End of Service  While traveling through the Pacific Bill never really received any news regarding the progress of the war  He was in Guam when he did finally hear the news of the end of the war and later that night there were many fireworks  Bill was discharged in April of 1946 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bos, William (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bos, William Description An account of the resource William Bos was born in Cascade, Michigan on December 18, 1922 and went to school there through 8th grade. He had to quit school early to work on his father's farm when his father got sick and later received deferments from serving in WWII because he was a farmer. Bill grew anxious while his friends were being drafted and enlisted and decided to enlist in the Navy in June of 1944. After basic training, he was sent to the Pacific and endured a very long and difficult voyage to the New Hebrides, where he worked for several months on a Marine base and helped set up farms there. Late in the year, he was assigned as an anti-aircraft gunner on an escort ship and sailed to Guadalcanal, the Philippines and Okinawa, where he witnessed many kamikaze attacks. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Moore, Debra (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-12-29 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BosW Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8b23c68e64b1694d7382368efa3cf740.mp4 99773e110007bcc711174acdaf4ddc6f https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ad85ef716533bc8d6061213c9785cb0f.pdf aed078777835ecdd6621c2526e4cd851 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project World War II Willard Bosserman Length of Interview (00:49:50) Background Born on a farm in New Haven Township, Michigan; 1924 Father was a farmer who graduated from 8th grade; went up to a Ferris (Teacher’s Institute) which certified him to teach school for three years When Bosserman turned four years old, moved to Carson City; the only house on the block Father continued farming and selling produce  The Carson City hospital being built one block over Attended school and graduated from high school; after service, attended Michigan State University, Bachelor’s Degree  Eventually worked for a Master’s Degree Kept close attention to what was happening in Europe (00:02:20)  Received updates from the newspaper Remembers hearing about Pearl Harbor; was delivering papers at the time  Was 17 years old (graduated from high school at 19) Enlistment (00:04:00) Wasn’t thinking of enlisting  Discussed with three seniors from his church (Church of the Brethren); were conscientious objectors, didn’t have to go into the military  Only one of them took the deferment (preacher’s son), while the other two were drafted Bossereman given a deferment until graduation but action started right away (00:05:05)  Took his examination in Greenville  Had fainted in the blood-pressure line; uncomfortable with needles �Went to Detroit (his friend was rejected due to his light weight)  Given a choice between the Navy, started right away, or the Army, which would start two weeks later Chose the Army (00:06:30) Went back to Greenville to a take a train to Fort Custer Bosserman had quite a bit of background with mechanics; wanted to go into the Air Corps  Wasn’t accepted into the Air Corps Put into the Army Ordnance  Trained to fix trucks (Bosserman’s classification: half-track engine mechanic)  Some worked on small instruments, small arms; rifles, machine guns; some worked on canons  A little training in mechanics (civilian instructors) Fort Jackson, South Carolina (by train) (00:08:40)  Always looking out the window during the train ride Very active camp Didn’t notice the segregation issue; a lot of GIs in town Served with Black Units overseas Would go to classes then go to the shop to work on vehicles (followed manuals closely) (00:10:15)  Was going to do in-field training, but had six inches of snow fall; city never had that much snow before Had physical training, calisthenics; running up and down “Tank Hill” Emphasis on following orders Didn’t have too much trouble adjusting to the military life �Did bayonet training, rifle training (how to hold and shoot it)  Had some experience shooting: 12-guage shotgun, bought from a friend, and a .22 Stayed in Jackson, off and on, for 18 months (00:12:55) Changed from medium maintenance to heavy maintenance  Only had one tank to work on  Got a chance to drive the tank; a lot of changing gears, used sticks instead of a steering wheel o Had the port open to see Went up to Tennessee to have maneuvers there; servicing an infantry company  Didn’t have much to do since they came the last day o Drove around in the jeep; given a meal in exchange for a ride in the jeep o Ran into some moonshiners; bought a bottle  Spring of 1944, a lot of big maneuvers happening in Tennessee Main job was to maintain transport, fix vehicles (00:16:30) Assigned at different times; assigned to 301st Heavy Maintenance Field Company Went back to Fort Jackson, also went to Camp Mackall  Worked with a parachute group; having trouble with their rifles, not glued properly  The Lieutenant had said the paratroopers were tough people, but they got along well with them; apparently the paratroopers had gotten a similar message about them  Camp Mackall was in North Carolina Gave service to the 87th Division, then went to Camp Rucker, Alabama  Developed a heat rash there; wrote home about it Had taken a train to Camp Rucker; were lead by an army band from the barracks Serviced an Infantry Division, 66th �Didn’t go overseas for a while due to his company having to prepare other units’ equipment (00:20:05) In November 1944, had a red alert; shipped out overseas from Camp Shanks (New York) in December  There for about a month First night, had stoves heated with hard coal, hard to start and warm up Travelled through some of the places nearby (Weehawken, New York City, etc.) Could go to the Red Cross to get food, but were already well fed  When men were coming back from overseas, they would by fresh vegetables to enjoy Went to work as stevedores in Weehawken for a few days, just something to do (00:22:40)  Helped load a ship  Were using hooks to pull goods At Camp Shanks for about a month before being sent overseas Heading Overseas (00:23:15) Boarded the SS Washington and arrived in Liverpool on 16th of February  Washington was a cruise ship; 6,000 aboard  Took 10 days to get there  Given work during the voyage o Working on the third deck galley, had the porthole open when, suddenly water came sloshing in  A lot of the men got seasick; Bosserman did not  Would dump garbage from the galley overboard Had escort ships, but no convoy (00:25:40) Once arriving in Liverpool, moved to another town to scrap tanks  There for a couple of weeks � Some people got a trip to London; Germans still buzz-bombing Went to South Hampton to board a merchant marine vessel (00:27:00)  Went over to Le Havre (France) Went to Camp Lucky Strike  A tent city; would fill cans with sand and gasoline to have heat Stayed there for a couple of weeks Two meals a day until they got their own kitchens Bosserman had made Technician, 5th Grade; KP (Kitchen Police) (00:28:15)  Thought he would be relieved of KP duty after making Tech, 5th Grade (same as a Corporal), but wasn’t  Would peel potatoes often  Didn’t do KP, as much, in field kitchens Germany (00:29:05) Moved out of Lucky Strike to Aachen  Mechanics were last to be put in a truck to fix others that had problems  One truck did fall out of line, flat tire; convoy continued ahead  Remembers Düren, Germany, looked like a plow had gone through and leveled it Were changed to the 15th [19th?] Army (were in the 2nd in the States); 64th Ordnance group; attached to the Army Had engineers in their outfit; rigged an EM (electromagnet) at the front of their truck to move debris and prevent flat tires Arrived in Aachen, Germany April/May 1945 (00:31:50) In a town called Peck when the war ended Billeted in a former resort hotel; on the third floor �Had the shop a little ways away; someone rigged a diesel engine without a starter and a jeep engine to get the diesel working Didn’t see much of the local population (00:33:00)  Had a rule of no fraternization with the citizens Met with a lot of German POWs in Europe; worked together  Picked up a few words to get by Moved out to an old glider camp Went to Camp Brooklyn (00:35:00) Being scheduled to head over to the Philippines Getting prepared to leave from Marseilles (France)  Got a chance to go to some baseball games Four days before heading to the Philippines, the bombs were dropped Japan; subsequent surrender Bosserman and his group put on Liberty Ships back to the US  Mediterranean sea was smooth as glass  Atlantic was different  Put on guard duty because he wasn’t that seasick Discharge (00:37:25) Newport, Virginia Company broken up; some went to Camp Grant, Rockford, Illinois  There for nine months to get points for discharge  Met his wife there who was working for the USO o Bosserman and some other GIs went to her parents house to have pie o Kept in touch with her; went back to Rockford, Illinois after staying in MI for a little while (discharged in Aril 1946) �o Rented a room there for $5/week and got a job Overseas Cont. (00:39:10) Saw some units that were all black; servicing vehicles for them Stayed where they were stationed mainly; would have vehicles brought in Was with the same people he had trained with until they got back to the US Had good officers  The Captain was chewed out after he told his men to pitch tents  Another fellow (Blau) was promoted to Captain afterwards  Schultz wanted to have this promotion, but was put as an Interpreter Most of the officers were citizen soldiers Their cadre (the people who trained them) was of long-time soldiers from Trinidad His company was never under fire  Not too much of a concern for them due to their location Had German POWs in Camp Grant; had restrictions (curfews, etc.) (00:43:35)  Was acquainted with a former German POW years later who was an artist Civilian Life (00:44:35) Didn’t get married right away  Had time to earn money then go back up to Lansing to attend Michigan State University  Married the summer of his freshman year Got a degree in Agriculture (Soil Conservation); became as an Assistant Agriculture Agent in Pontiac (through the school)  Assigned for livestock and fruit Transferred Port Huron, then Lake City Got involved in Planning Commissions, etc.; received awards for his work �Learned discipline and perseverance (00:47:40) Met a lot of different people in the Army  Was antagonized by a fellow and had a round of fist cuffs with him  Also did this with his friends (had boxed when he was younger) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BossermanW Title A name given to the resource Bosserman, Willard (Interview outline and video), 2010 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010-09-02 Description An account of the resource Willard Bosserman served in World War II as a mechanic in the Army. He was drafted in 1943 and worked in a maintenance company attached to the 87th Division, and then to the 66th Division. His company shipped to Europe in December, 1944, and took part in the final campaign in Germany. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bosserman, Willard Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Byron Area Historic Museum (Byron Center, Mich.) BCTV Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2d4da598b7b23c8222c990560dd9a94a.mp4 6d368e825cb2638e91f3a0617b695aed https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/256fa240bc64747668dd0864fcf426c2.pdf a7fd9b99c416987503583009edb60207 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Robert Bostwick (15:31) Pre War • Born on April 7, 1933 (0:20) • Born in Home Acres, MI (0:55) • Attended and graduated from [Grand Rapids] Central High School (1:00) • Was 8 when Pearl Harbor was bombed (1:20) • Drafted in 1953 (1:35) • Lived in Grand Rapids (1:50) Enlistment • Received a letter to report for a physical and induction in Fort Wayne (2:30) • From there, transported by bus to Battle Creek, MI (2:25) • Flew to Alexandria AFB in Louisiana, then bused to Camp Hope for Infantry Basic Training (2:40) • Had 16 weeks of infantry training (3:20) • Was not sent to Korea, but to Maryland (3:30) • His instructor was a SFC, and probably did not have more than a year and a half in the service (4:00) • Finished his service as a personnel management specialist at Aberdeen Proving Grounds (4:50) • First started as a clerk typist, but worked his way up to Personnel Management Specialist (5:20) • Was awarded common medals, such as the Good Conduct medal (6:40) • Kept in touch with family through letters and phone calls (7:20) • Food was really good (7:40) • Did guard duty and KP duty on a regular basis (8:20) • People entertained themselves by going off base for dinner, going to Baltimore, MD (9:15) • Went home to Grand Rapids on leave (9:20) • Got along very well with his superiors and thought highly of them (10:30) Discharge • Was at Aberdeen Proving Grounds when he was discharged from the Army (11:00) • Went back to work for the same company he worked at before he was drafted (11:30) • Had several close friends in the service (11:50) • Did not join any veterans organizations (12:30) • Became an electrician for 40 years, then retired (12:50) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bostwick, Robert (Interview outline and video), 2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bostwick, Robert Description An account of the resource Robert Bostwick was born on April 7th, 1933 in Home Acres, Michigan. He was drafted in to the United States Army in 1953, while the Korean conflict was occurring. While in basic training, the conflict ended, and he was shipped to Aberdeen Proving Grounds in Maryland, where he was a personnel management specialist until his discharge 2 years later. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Scheelz, Joel (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-12-10 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BostwickR Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/de689de91d59e7b573c0a859539f5fba.mp4 ec790d3d394d518ad2e2e899647e4797 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ab10f141d12412daafea55b6500b4a8e.pdf 082f02426c995f5bc5e6fc9391325ed0 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Wallace Bouchard World War II-Post War 36 minutes 41 seconds (00:00:22) Early Life -Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on July 1, 1927 -Lived on Delaware Avenue in Grand Rapids for the first three or four years of his life -Moved to Wilson Avenue when he was three or four years old -Had an older brother, older sister, and a younger brother -Went to St. James Catholic School for elementary and middle school -Went to Union High School in Grand Rapids -Went to Grand Rapids Junior College (now Community College) and Aquinas College -Graduated from high school in 1944 (00:01:49) Enlisting & Getting Drafted -Enlisted in the Army Air Force Reserve in 1944 -Allowed to enlist when you were seventeen years old -Enlisted in Detroit -Received testing in Detroit -Depth perception testing and how you handled a primitive flight simulator -Received a letter in spring 1945 saying that the flight schools were shutting down -Turned eighteen on July 1, 1945 -Received a draft notice shortly after his eighteenth birthday -Ordered to report to Fort Sheridan, Illinois on August 12, or 13, 1945 -Went to Chicago by train and then took buses to Fort Sheridan -Parents supported his service -Older brother was already in the Army at the time -Worked an office job -Issued a uniform at Fort Sheridan -There were a lot of German prisoners of war at Fort Sheridan used for menial labor -Rumored that a lot of them were from Rommel's Afrika Korps -He didn't have any direct contact with them -One prisoner threw a pebble at him, but Wallace was nonplussed about it (00:05:47) Basic Training -Sent to Keesler Field near Biloxi, Mississippi in August 1945 for basic training -It was hot and humid even in late summer -It was easy because the war was over and the officers were relaxed -Bivouacked in a swamp for a week -Had to watch out for the venomous snakes and spiders -Every soldier was nervous about them -Slept in pup tents -Learned how to fire the M1 Garand rifle, Colt M1911 .45 pistol, and Thompson submachine gun �-Had to be careful with the Thompson SMG because of its recoil -Given weekend passes -Got to see New Orleans -Got along well with the other men (00:09:35) Mechanic Training -Assigned to be a mechanic and receive Aircraft & Engine (A&E) Mechanic Training -Assignment based on last name, not on testing -Stayed at Keesler Field for A&E Mechanic Training -Learned about aircraft structure, electrical components, hydraulics, and aircraft engines -Learned about the different types of engines with hands on training -Instructors were good and relaxed -Allowed to go on leave during Christmas 1945 -Caught the flu and had to report to Fort Custer, Michigan -Notified Keesler Field that he was sick -Got back a day late and was yelled at, but not punished -Allowed weekend passes -Found a good bar with good music in Biloxi (00:14:29) Specialist Training -Assigned to Chanute Field, Illinois for Specialist Training -It was a good base and the food was much better than at Keesler Field or Fort Sheridan -Assigned to learn about the P-47 Thunderbolt -Still used after the war, but it was being phased out -Saw a German rocket-powered fighter plane that was being kept at Chanute Field -Most likely the Me 163 Komet -Not allowed to go too close to it (00:16:21) Stationed at Biggs Army Airfield Pt. 1 -Given a seven day leave to visit home then reported to Biggs Army Airfield near El Paso, Texas -Took a train there -Got to see the Plains States -Saw the P-51 Mustangs of the 9th Air Force -Same planes that had been used during the Second World War -Assigned to an Engineering School to learn how to work on the P-51s -Wound up assigned to Headquarters Squadron and assigned to work on a C-47 transport -Noncommissioned officers were allowed to fly on the weekends, but not during the week -Made routine flights to San Antonio to transport aircraft engines to the base there -Most likely Lackland Air Force Base -Took three or four hours to fly from El Paso to San Antonio -Repairing a single engine took a full day -A 500, or 1000, hour inspection took a few hours -Got to fly quite a bit -Most dangerous task was removing the shocks from the wheels of planes -Plane's engines had to be on, and it had to be moving to remove the shocks (00:22:45) End of Service -9th Air Force was moved to Shaw Army Airfield near Greenville, South Carolina �-Woke up one day and all of the P-51s were gone -After the 9th Air Force left Biggs Army Airfield there was nothing to do -Spent two weeks doing nothing but walking around base, smoking, and playing cards -Learned that he was three days late to be discharged from the Army -Getting processed out of the Army began in October 1946 and he was out by November 1946 -Took a train back to Grand Rapids (00:26:23) Contact with Home -Wrote his parents and his girlfriend at least once a week -Broke up with his girlfriend after going home -She wanted to get married, but he was only 19 and not ready for marriage (00:27:00) Life after the Service Pt. 1 -Used the GI Bill for college -Joined Michigan's 52/20 Club -Program for veterans to receive $20 a week for 52 weeks (00:27:40) Stationed at Biggs Army Airfield Pt. 2 -It was hot in Texas -Had to refuel planes in the scorching heat -Got to ride in a P-51 Mustang during an air show at Biggs Army Airfield -Buzzed the field and did acrobatics -Flown by a colonel -Had never flown before he was in the Army -Got to fly in various bombers like the B-25 and the A-26 (00:31:03) Life after the Service Pt. 2 -The skills he learned in the Army helped him get a few jobs -Eventually got a job with the Grand Rapids City Water Department -Made foreman after only a year there (00:31:58) Reflections on Service -Learned a few practical skills especially when it came to metallurgy -Doesn't feel that it helped him mature too much -Enjoyed being on his own and being away from home -Joined the American Legion -Good social outlet granted to him because he was a veteran -No negatives about his service in the Army -Chance to see his cousin at Chanute Field prior to his cousin getting discharged -Chance to see Tijuana and visit its bars while he was stationed in Texas -Chance to travel around the U.S. and enjoyed that � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BouchardW1869V Title A name given to the resource Bouchard, Wallace Joseph (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-07-28 Description An account of the resource Wallace Bouchard was born on July 1, 1927 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He enlisted in the Army Air Force Reserve in 1944, but was ejected from that in spring 1945 due to the Second World War ending. Shortly after his eighteenth birthday on July 1, 1945 he received his draft notice and reported to Fort Sheridan, Illinois in mid-August 1945. He went to Keesler Field, Mississippi for basic training and stayed there for Aircraft & Engine Mechanic Training. He was sent up to Chanute Field, Illinois for Specialist Training with the P-47 Thunderbolt then was assigned to Biggs Army Airfield, Texas. While in Texas he was assigned to Headquarters Squadron of the 9th Air Force and worked on the squadron's C-47 as well as the 9th Air Force's P-51s. In November 1946 he was discharged from the Army. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bouchard, Wallace Joseph Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Moore, Deb (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Air Corps Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/43ba8eac693ebd834fae08a0579dcf63.mp4 0412cf8f90b32d7eca6becac1b7b0828 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/23fc7ffb458b1b7fce475e2757f0e45e.pdf 3b33a440c7ce57e23bd11e29ae79ba80 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project The Michigan National Guard Gary Boucher Interview length: (00:40:17:00) Pre-enlistment / Training (00:00:50:00)  Born in 1953 in White Cloud, Michigan (00:00:50:00)  Grew up in White Cloud and graduated from White Cloud High School in 1972 (00:00:56:00)  Eventually moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan and began working a job at General Motors, where he worked until he retired (00:01:04:00)  Just missed the draft for the Vietnam conflict (00:01:15:00) o While he was in high school, Boucher kept getting draft cards and his number finally came up while he was a senior in high school (00:01:36:00) o The whole senior year, he was number four to go to Vietnam and he knew that he was going to be go and there was no way out of it (00:01:48:00) o He prepared himself and they had Army recruiters there for the enlistees and he ended up going to Detroit for his physical (00:02:04:00)  Boucher was raised with his grandfather and they watched the war on TV; the war was hard to explain because they heard different things, such as “we were there but we should not be there and we should get out of there” (00:02:34:00)  One “R” on a draft card meant “one ready” and the numbers of the draft cards corresponded with someone’s birthday and a random drawing (00:03:50:00) o All the men had a number and they knew where they were standing (00:04:24:00) o The person in charge of the war effort decided how many people they would need at the present time and if a man’s number was chosen, then he was drafted (00:04:35:00)  When Boucher found out that the draft was ending, it was kind of a relief because he was young and scared (00:05:08:00) o He could still go to Vietnam for whatever reason, but he was never called up through the draft (00:05:34:00)  Boucher had some friends in the National Guard and he had read up on some of the benefits that they had, such as money for college education, and he viewed the National Guard as a good way to learn about some of the operations of the Army (00:05:49:00) o The Guard was also a good place for a man to go “to grow up and learn that there were other bosses besides you” (00:06:21:00)  He ended up joining the National Guard in February, 1978 (00:06:46:00) o He joined mostly from the accumulated information he had from his friends in the Guard and from his own research (00:07:07:00)  Boucher served in a bridge unit, which was very exciting to see how the bridges were put together (00:07:18:00) o The bridges that the unit used were the newest design that the Army had, called the “medium girder bridge” (00:07:28:00) �      When he joined the Guard, Boucher went to the local National Guard post in Grand Valley and enlisted (00:07:47:00) o He had to sign papers and go to testing to see where he stood in terms of what unit he could go into or if he wanted to be an officer or NCO (00:07:56:00) After he signed up, Boucher went to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, where he spent fourteen to sixteen weeks in training (00:08:17:00) o The base was a “neat” place; the men had new barracks and Boucher recalls seeing photos from the world wars when “you could see through the walls” of the old barracks (00:08:42:00) o The men were shipped from one part of the base to another, based on where they would be staying for a period (00:09:03:00) o Upon arrival, the men were put into units; Boucher’s unit was Alpha 22, which corresponded with his location on the base (00:09:11:00) o Eventually, the men received assignments to drill instructors (00:09:27:00)  When Boucher got off the bus at the Fort, he had all of his possessions with him and when the drill instructors told them to do something, the men did it and they had to run and do the assignment quickly (00:09:33:00)  However, there were so many men there that Boucher could not run and he was doing push-ups before he even got to the door (00:09:45:00)  The drill instructors made the men well aware that they were going to be the men’s mother and father for the next fourteen weeks, so they had better pay attention to detail (00:09:53:00) Boucher was twenty-four years old when he went into the Guard, making him one of the oldest men out of a group of around ninety trainees (00:10:18:00) o At that time, the Army was taking men who could not live in the real world, who were given the choice of either prison or basic training (00:10:30:00) o It took Boucher a little while to adjust to the military lifestyle (00:10:41:00) o Boucher learned to do whatever the drill instructor said and before long, he became a squad leader (00:10:57:00)  As a squad leader, he was treated well, he was responsible for other people and he had privileges (00:11:10:00) There were numerous many tasks that the men had to do, such as learning about the M16, field training, and medical training, etc. (00:11:20:00) o Every month, the men had to go through testing and if they could come out well and pass the tests on everything that they learned, then they were rewarded (00:11:44:00) o The rewards included more leisure time, which Boucher earned by putting his mind to work and following details (00:12:20:00) Boucher was in training representing Michigan and he wanted to be a leader in the National Guard; therefore, when he returned to Michigan, he had the opportunity to go to two military academies that allowed him to continue working up the ranks (00:12:37:00) Being a little older and little wiser was not so much of a benefit; when he went in, Boucher could have been an eighteen year old because he had no clue what he was getting into (00:13:17:00) �   o Whether he was eighteen or twenty-four, he had to go in and start from the beginning (00:13:30:00) There were men who Boucher trained with that had come straight off the streets and were troublemakers (00:13:54:00) o Boucher had a couple in his group and when they had liberty on weekends, they would go out and have a couple of beers (00:14:00:00) o One guy, who was very nice, ended up coming back drunk and it was Boucher’s responsibility to perform a lights out; the man ended up going down to the showers with Boucher (00:14:17:00)  The man ended up getting in Boucher’s face, which the drill instructors did not like and as the classes went on, the man wanted to get out of the Guard (00:14:47:00)  The drill instructors said that they would allow him to get out, but as the paperwork processed and as everyone else went out on the weekends, the man had to stay behind and dig holes in the thick Missouri clay (00:15:03:00)  The drill instructors made him pay one way or another and by the time graduation came around, they had his papers ready; the situation was just the matter of needing an attitude adjustment (00:15:20:00) o At different times in the training, there were people saying that they wanted to kill themselves (00:15:49:00)  When Boucher first got to training, there were men trying to hang themselves; other times, men rolled down some steps in a barrel in an attempt to hurt themselves (00:15:54:00) o On the other hand, if a man was a volunteer, then he knew somewhat what he was getting into for the training (00:16:29:00) During the testing at the beginning of his training, Boucher was told that he could go into a job at headquarters (00:17:12:00) o There were a lot of different jobs that he could do if he was going to the regular Army; however, because he went to the Grand Valley armory and all they had was an infantry unit, a medical unit, and an engineer unit, Boucher wanted to join the engineer unit (00:17:20:00) o He signed up for the engineer unit and was sent to Fort Leonard Wood because it was the engineer training school (00:17:44:00) While in training, Boucher learned about the different bridge layouts and the different types of embankments needed for the process to work (00:17:55:00) o Over the summer, the men were more or less graded on the proper layouts for the bridges (00:18:28:00) The National Guard (00:18:53:00)  As soon as he graduated from basic training, Fort Leonard Wood received the new “medium girder bridge” and Boucher helped unpack them, which gave him knowledge of how to unpack them; when he returned to his unit in Michigan, the bridges were waiting in packages there, so he was one of the first men in his unit to know how the bridge went together (00:18:53:00) �     o When his captains and lieutenants went out recruiting, they took parts of the bridge with them so that people could see (00:19:26:00) o It was a good feeling when they would ask Boucher to go out and help set up the bridge for display because he knew how to do it (00:19:42:00) On the first weekend of every month, the men went to the Grand Valley armory and their sergeants had a meeting to decide what the men would be doing for that month; the tasks changed every month (00:20:20:00) o One month might be learning about gas and the different houses for the gas and antidotes if the men were caught in a gas attack (00:20:40:00) o As well, the men had maintenance reviews; their trucks had to be in a condition that if they were called, the unit could be ready to go anywhere within five minutes (00:21:06:00) o The men would go into the field and would construct the bridges (00:21:28:00)  Most of the times that they went into the field, the men went down to Battle Creek, Michigan and Fort Custer because there was more room at the fort for them to practice building their bridges (00:21:40:00)  The men trained enough that they became quite proficient in setting up their bridges (00:21:50:00) At one point, Boucher went to a basic NCO academy at Fort Custer; the course was two weeks and it was a lot of drill and ceremony, as well as classes that the men had to do every day (00:22:04:00) o The classes involved learning how to become an NCO and involved things such as knowing themselves and their capabilities and what training that they would be going into; the training was building the men up for their next rank (00:22:32:00) Boucher got through the first academy and then went to an advanced training academy in Grand Rapids (00:22:48:00) o At this academy, the training was all bookwork; it was a lot of map reading and busy work that went on every day in his unit (00:22:59:00) o This academy required six drill weekends and once he finished it, Boucher had accumulated enough schooling to become a sergeant first class (00:23:19:00) Boucher served with men who had fought in the Korean War and some who had been wounded in the Vietnam War; the older men were in the Guard just to finish up their time in the military (00:23:42:00) o Once the older men finished their twenty years and reached retirement, they tended to fade away (00:23:59:00) o Boucher also had young men in his squad that were in the Guard for college; there was the money as well as the opportunity to learn about the military (00:24:04:00) Of all the units that he has seen, Boucher believes that his, the 1432nd, had the highest morale (00:24:52:00) o They had great commanders and Boucher’s captain eventually moved through the system and became a two-star general (00:25:04:00) o The men all worked as teams and the moral was wonderful (00:25:24:00)  The maintenance people were there if Boucher needed a bridge picked up or he needed something moved (00:25:30:00) �    They all worked hard and at the end of the day, all the men were happy with what they had done (00:25:41:00) o On their last year with the “medium girder bridge”, Boucher’s unit broke the Army record as far as time setting up the bridge (00:25:52:00)  They could set up different sizes of bridge, but they still had to be up in a certain amount of time; one time, the unit was told that a tank unit was coming and they had to have the bridge up, because the tank unit was coming across and they were not going to stop (00:26:01:00) Boucher’s unit had what where labeled as “mother units” and “sister units” (00:26:42:00) o One of the unit’s “sister units” was in Kansas and men from Boucher’s unit would go to Kansas to train and exchange information with the men in the Kansas unit; the men would spend a week in Kansas several times a summer (00:26:48:00) o If Boucher’s unit went to war, then they would be going to war with the Kansas unit (00:27:17:00) Boucher served fourteen years in the Guard and got out in 1992 (00:27:42:00) o There was nothing major going on in the world at that time and when Boucher went in during peace time, he was told if there was a war, then the regular Army would go and fight the war and the National Guard would stay stateside and take over where the regular Army was (00:28:01:00) o During the First Gulf War, the men were watching the news; because Boucher was a combat engineer, that did not mean anything (00:29:01:00)  He was trained in other things and they could put him in some other type of unit and send him to the war (00:29:11:00) Like anything else there were exciting thing, such as seeing the bridges built or doing training in front of generals (00:29:44:00) o However, there was always the down time and Boucher did not always care for some of the training that they had to do (00:30:09:00) o The bottom line was that the men had to do all of it because the Army was training them to save their lives (00:30:25:00) Post-Military Life (00:30:42:00)  When Boucher left the Guard, people in his unit were being spread out and there was some “head-butting in the unit” (00:30:42:00) o At that time, Boucher had a decision to make; he had a young family and a job that was working a lot of overtime, which he missed due to his Guard commitments, and he had to weigh staying in the Guard versus caring for his family (00:30:09:00) o He never regrets join the Guard (00:31:33:00)  Boucher already had a job when he joined the Guard, so he was set in that regard and he was learning from college teachers that the Guard brought (00:31:53:00) o As well, he learned how to pay attention and how to work side-by-side with people as a team, lessons that he has brought into his everyday life (00:32:06:00)  He believes that every young man should go into the Guard and serve his time because it really helps (00:32:33:00)  While at General Motors, Boucher was a machine operator and was in inspections; ultimately, he did a lot of jobs while at the company (00:32:43:00) �    o As far as some of the engineering aspects, they taught him how to pay more attention to detail, which he used in both the Guard and at General Motors (00:33:04:00) Boucher gave everything that he had and his superiors recognized that fact and rewarded him and it made him feel good to stand up there and receive them (00:34:03:00) o The ability to meet high-ranking officers as an enlisted man was a big thing and he was able to go to the national military balls (00:34:24:00) o He just wanted to build himself up and he did not worry so much about others; instead, they built themselves up and the sense of accomplishment helped build their moral (00:34:58:00) The ability to see what they had done helped with the sense of accomplishment that the unit had (00:35:49:00) o Once they had complete the measurements, the men wanted to watch as the bridge was built piece-by-piece was the biggest accomplishment (00:36:26:00)  There were so many things that could go wrong, such as the bridge being off center or something not working right (00:37:13:00) On occasion, things did not work out well (00:37:50:00) o There were a lot of pins to complete the bridge and if sand got into the pin holes, then the pins would not go in and then they had problems (00:37:53:00) o Little things like that slowed down the process (00:38:09:00) o There were times when teams were sent out that should have known how to set up a bridge and Boucher would go out and realize that the chosen position would not work to build the bridge (00:38:25:00)  On a couple of times, they found out too late and everything became stuck and their superiors came down hard on them (00:38:45:00) Boucher had an experienced bridge sergeant who knew the job and after a meeting with the other officers and high-ranking NCOs where they would decide the location of the bridge, Boucher would tell the sergeant, who would get all the trucks and trailers ready (00:39:08:00) o All the training that Boucher had he could pass on to others (00:39:44:00) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Boucher, Gary (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boucher, Gary Description An account of the resource Born in White Cloud, Michigan in 1953, Gary Boucher just missed the draft for the Vietnam War. However, based on input from several of his friends and his own investigation, Boucher joined the Michigan National Guard in 1978. Following training at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, he served in an engineer unit whose main mission was the construction of bridges. Boucher served in the Guard for fourteen years and left in 1992. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Byron Area Historic Museum (Byron Center, Mich.) BCTV Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. National Guard Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-10-20 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BoucherG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fcf21f1db48d5ede75f4a889afb6097f.pdf 6ff3537a5f53d10c6a4844a8fb3c656b PDF Text Text � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/911518da7282ff834467496e80fc2c51.pdf 69ceb869bb7a5f82c1366c7759eb07bb PDF Text Text Washington, June 1st 1869 Sir: Hon Nathan Sargent was for many years a resident of Alabama, altho he was born and raised in Vermont. He has very many friends in my state, all of whom would regret to see him removed from his present position. I have been thrown a good deal in contact with Mr. Sargent of late, and regard him as a most capable, honest, efficient officer. I do not believe that a change in his office would benefit the public service. His years of experience, together with his untiring industry and close application to his business gives him an advantage that none others possess. I remain, very respectfully yours, Geo. E. Spencer Hon. Geo. S. Boutwell Secy of the Treasury � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-44_NS1-15490 Title A name given to the resource Nathan Sargent recommendation. George S. Boutwell from George E. Spencer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869-06-01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boutwell, George S. (George Sewall), 1818-1905 Description An account of the resource Letter of recommendation for Nathan Sargent, expressing the opinion that Sargent not be removed from the office of Commissioner of Customs. Subject The topic of the resource Sargent, Nathan, 1794-1875 Whig Party (U.S.) United States--Politics and government--19th century United States--Officials and employees Petitions Pennsylvania Washington (D.C.) Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent papers, (RHC-44)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e57c8af7e01e462b5fc43b8361ad98a6.mp4 826ee48e4db2dbf9168229024610674c https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f733618dbed47f3b21e79f69e00d4214.pdf d676a5bb9b7dd27ec90648e861d3791d PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Wilbur Bouwkamp (Bill) (00:44:00) Introduction (00:15) Family and Friends (00:20) • Born in Lamont, MI on January 28th 1919. Bouwkamp describes in some detail his dad’s duties and responsibilities as a farmer. (02:40) • Further describes the activities that he and his sister had on his dad’s 13-acre farm and gas station. His mom was a homemaker. (09:28) Pre-enlistment (15:05) • Went to Lamont Christian High School up until the 10th Grade. While there he played softball and football. Graduated the 10th Grade in 1934. (11:34) • After graduation, he briefly describes working at his father’s gas station. During the course of the Depression, he mentions that since his parents owned their own farm they made it by with their own food. (14:48) Enlistment and Training (16:39) • Was drafted into the Armed Forces in 1937 but wasn’t accepted because he had high blood pressure. Was put on furlough until 1941. • Bouwkamp mentions that he was at home the day that Pearl Harbor was attacked. Soon afterwards, he reported to Fort Custer where he was finally able to join. • Went to Fort Benning, GA for basic training. While there he joined up with the 10th Armored Division. Bouwkamp mentions the great amount of drilling they did there. • From there he was sent to New York for more training. (17:51) Afterwards, he was sent to Camp Gordon, GA for more training and finally back to New York City where he boarded a boat bound for Europe. (19:01) • Bouwkamp briefly describes the type of he was in. His tank had an 81-mm gun and a boom in the front of it. He further mentions that his division was the first to go directly to France from America. �• Bouwkamp mentions that his trip over the Atlantic was uneventful. France (21:36) • Bouwkamp describes his job as a recovery tank commander and the duties his unit performed. His job was to find damaged tanks and take them to the repair depot for repair. (22:43) • Describes briefly how he was wounded. He mentioned that he was near a German position near a town. As he was getting out of his repair tank he sustained a shoulder wound. (24:55) Further mentions that he was in the hospital for a few weeks afterwards with a knee wound. (25:42) Going Home (27:36) • Following the Bulge, he received 90 days of leave from duty. Was sent home via a ship. They stopped in the English Channel where General Black boarded with wounded. Afterwards, Bouwkamp returned to Michigan. (27:36) Apparently he had enough points to return home. • After his 90-day absence he was sent to Texas. While there he took it easy fishing and eating well. (27:36) • The day that FDR died he was in his barracks getting ready to board a troop ship home. If the weather hadn’t been foggy that day they would have left. (29:38) • Was sent from Texas to Fort Custer, MI where he was discharged. (30:25) After the War (33:55) • Bouwkamp mentions that he was in the doctor’s office when VE Day happened in Grand Rapids, MI. Describes the joyous celebrations that went on and shares his personal thoughts of that day. Afterwards, he went to Detroit, MI where he worked for an auto-mechanic and was married to his wife. (33:55) Further describes his grandchildren and how he met his wife. (37:56) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BouwkampW Title A name given to the resource Bouwkamp, Wilbur (Interview outline and video), 2007 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-01 Description An account of the resource Wilbur Bouwkamp served in the US Army between 1941 and 1945. After basic training, he was assigned to the 10 Armored Division, where he served on a recovery vehicle, a tank adapted to tow damaged tanks back to friendly lines where they could be repaired. He was wounded in action in Europe but returned to his unit, and received orders to ship home shortly before V-E Day. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bouwkamp, Wilbur Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3ac18aa7436d97eed79ba4336468f474.mp4 5ad3873d18de181b1bef470daa34b1a1 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e37fc9b6f626d3ad33524481a4792bfa.pdf 9b8a04b64584c86ace1ff321d094512e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II - wife Betty Bovee Length of Interview: 27:33 (00:00) JS: We’re talking today with Mrs. Betty Bovee of Grand Rapids, Michigan. The interviewer is James Smither, of the Grand Valley State Veterans History Project. Now, can you begin by telling us where you were born, where you grew up. That sort of thing. BB: I was born in Lansing, Michigan. And then from there I ended up in Leslie, Michigan, with my grandmother. JS: Okay. Now what year were you born? BB: April 29th, 1923. JS: Okay. And when did you go to live with your grandmother? BB: My father and mother were born in Lansing. My father and mother took me to Montana, and for some reason they separated. And my father got me and brought me back to his mother. That was my grandmother. JS: And how old were you when you made that move? BB: Ah, probably, I might have been a year old. JS: Okay, so then that’s well before anything that you remember. BB: Yes. JS: So, basically, so were you raised by your grandmother then? BB: By my grandmother. JS: Okay. And were they on a farm? Or in a town? (01:09) BB: Yes, it was on a farm. And we stayed there for quite…and I went to school. And I stayed with her all the time. JS: Okay. Now, did your grandparents, were they able to keep their farm through the ‘30s, through the Depression era? �BB: Yes. They had eighty acres. And they were able to keep it. JS: And what were they growing there? BB: Well, mostly, my grandmother…they had cows and chickens. Things like that. And then they had eighty acres of fields, but mostly that was it. (02:15) JS: Okay. Now, where in Michigan is Leslie? Is it close to Lansing or is it somewhere else? BB: It’s close to Mason. It’s between Mason and Jackson. JS: So it’s kinda south-central Michigan. BB: Yes. JS: So pretty good farm country down there. BB: Yes. Very good. JS: All right. Now, what kind of school did you go to? BB: I went to a country school for several years. That was in Leslie. And then eventually, we moved to Mason. Because my father’s parents had died and so we went to their home. And I started going to a country school there until I was in the sixth grade. And then I went downtown to the school in Mason. JS: Okay. And then did you finish high school? (03:19) BB: Yes. JS: Okay. And what year did you graduate from high school? BB: 1941. JS: All right. And what did you do upon graduation? BB: I went…my grandmother had a sister in Los Angeles and she used to go, well that’s when I was younger, we used to go visit her. And I loved Los Angeles. So after I graduated, I went out there again and I decided I was going to stay. Because I liked it so well. And I stayed with my aunt, that was her sister, and she went back home, and so I got a job and went to work and that’s where I met Chet. (04:21) �JS: Okay. Now did you take that job before Pearl Harbor? Still in ’41, but before the war starts? BB: Ummm, I’m trying to remember. Because at that time, I didn’t think much about it. You know, what was going on. JS: But do you remember hearing about Pearl Harbor? BB: Yes. JS: Do you remember where you were when you heard about it? BB: Yes. JS: Well, where were you? BB: Well, I stayed with my aunt, and you know, I heard about all that but it seems like I just wasn’t involved. JS: Right. BB: You know, just mostly involved with my own life. JS: Did you have any brothers? BB: No brothers. No sisters. JS: Okay, only child. So it wasn’t like you had brothers that might be drafted or anything like that. So you’re not really thinking about those things so much. Okay. Now what kind of job did you take? (05:21) BB: It was a business type job. When I started, I was just working in the mail department. And then I went into filing. And then I went into where I was working for several of the gentlemen there. And so that’s where I was when I met Chet. JS: Okay. And when was it that you met him? BB: He was in Santa Ana, California and the soldiers used to come into Los Angeles a lot. You know. And so, they came in. And there would be dances. There would be different things that they could go to. And so I happened to meet him there. And again, when he was in Santa Ana. We liked each other. (laughs) And at the time, he wanted me to come to Santa Ana. At that time, you went on a bus. I wasn’t too sure the first time, so I didn’t go. But he came and found me again. And I liked that, that he was…you know. So this time, the next time, then I did take a bus to see him. �(06:51) BB: To Santa Ana. And then he asked me to marry him and I said yes. JS: Okay. Now how long was it between the time you met him and when he asked you to marry him? BB: Hmmm. Not very long. (laughs) Male voice: I was afraid I’d lose her. That scared me. JS: He said he was afraid he’d lose you. BB: (laughs) Yeah, he said he was. It wasn’t very long. And then of course, now as it progresses, the thing we need to know is you’re maybe three months at each place, so that’s maybe why different things happen. JS: Right. (07:41) BB: So, I quit my job and umm, that’s when, in Phoenix, I had my father and my step-mother. He had married again. And so, I quit my job and went there. And he was stationed there and we were married there. With my family there. JS: And then once you got married, what kind of living quarters did you have? BB: Um, well, at the time there, he wasn’t…I couldn’t live with him at first. And so I just, I had a room there and I stayed there until eventually I could start going where he was. JS: Now did you eventually get to a place where you could live in an apartment that was off the base that he was stationed on? (08:56) BB: Not really. Not for quite a while. After he went, I went to Bakersfield, and I just stayed there. But I could see him on the weekends, but I couldn’t see him during the week or anything. JS: Right. BB: So I stayed there, and, um…if I saw him, if I saw him on the base, I wasn’t even supposed to say I knew him. So I stayed there and it was like a small apartment and there were other women there. That their husbands were there. And so I stayed there for quite a while, with another girl. And then eventually, I went to Bakersfield. JS: Somewhere in this process, you also had a baby, didn’t you? (10:18) �BB: Well, I went to Bakersfield, and like I said, it might have been three months or so, one of the soldiers that he knew, his wife’s mother lived in Denver and so I went there and she took me to the doctor and I was pregnant. So I went back. And I eventually went back to Arizona, to Tempe, because that’s where she was born. Donna. And he was stationed there too, at the time. So, um… let me see… (11:44) JS: Okay. So the last place that you went to was Roswell, in New Mexico. So when he was there, were you all living together or… BB: Well, first of all, we went to Hobbes. And then, yes, then I could be together with him. And then, we went to Roswell. And I like that real well. And of course, then, Donna was little. You know, she was small. So then the time came when he thought he was going to go overseas, so I went back to my grandmother’s, because I thought he was. And took Donna. But he didn’t have to go overseas. So then eventually, he came back, and we went back to where he was born in Marionette. And we stayed there for quite a while. I had two more children there. In Menomonie, where the hospital was. And he had a job there. And we lived there for quite a while. Eventually, we came back to Lansing. Of course by then, I had three children. Had Donna and Faith and Linda. And then…we were…we were in Marionette for quite a while, but he decided he was going to go back to where he had worked. (13:55) BB: So we went back there and stayed for…and at that time, we lived on a place that used to be an army base. It had small little homes, you know. So we lived there. Eventually, because his mother wasn’t well, we decided to go back to Marionette. JS: Okay. Now, I want to take the story back into the years of the war period for a couple of different things. One of them was, in that time there, before you were married, when you were living in Los Angeles and working and so forth, what was life like at that point? You know, for single women and so forth, at these places. What did you do for fun? What problems did you have to deal with? (14:52) BB: Well, I mostly worked, like I said. At that time, you had to take, they had street cars. Which I liked. And I had a girlfriend. And we just really didn’t do much. It was mostly working. JS: But you must have gone to dances, occasionally. BB: Well, there were things you could go to. I wasn’t too much into that, though. JS: Okay. BB: No, not too much. �JS: But you did go to at least to one, because you met your future husband there. And who was running that? Was it a USO thing, or was it some other group? BB: What? JS: Was that a USO dance, or some other group? (15:46) BB: I was with my girlfriend, when I met him. And he was with a friend of his, too. JS: But as I was asking, the USO sometimes sponsored dances and events. And the Red Cross did, and other groups did. So was this…do you remember who was running this function, or was it just some place that you went? BB: No, just some place we went. JS: Did you go to movies very much? BB: Yes. I did like movies. I did like movies. JS: Okay. Now this is a period when there was a good deal of rationing in place. Were there particular things that you had trouble getting, that you wanted to get? BB: At that time when I was in Los Angeles, my father and step-mother, he had married again, lived in Phoenix, wasn’t it? They lived. So we would trade things. Like you were allowed certain things like coffee and all those different things. And so I would trade, I’d send them coffee and they’d send me nylons. (laughs) It worked out real good. At the time, that’s what we did. (17:03) JS: Okay. Now, since you were working in an office and that kind of thing, were you expected to wear nylons to work? Was that part of… BB: Yes. JS: But was there any sort of provision made in the rationing for that sort of thing or did you just make do? BB: Ah, no. JS: Aside from the nylons, were there other things that you had trouble getting or couldn’t get enough of, at that time? BB: Well, I can’t remember too much. I really, like I said, I lived…I had a place I lived and I really didn’t need much else, you know. �JS: Yeah. So you didn’t need things like gasoline or tires, or some of those things that were a problem. BB: No. JS: Some people have mentioned shoes being a problem. Or clothing. Could you get enough of what you needed for that? BB: Yes. I didn’t have any problem getting those things. I didn’t have much money to get much either. (18:05) JS: All right. Now, once you got married, were there particular difficulties or problems that you had or encountered, because you were having to follow your husband from place to place, as he went through his training. Were there… BB: No. Wherever he was, I would go. On the bus. And they were usually at a place for three months. So I’d find a place to stay. I just…every place he went, I went there. JS: And was it ever difficult to find a place to stay? Or were there people who were in the business of providing rooms for wives and things? BB: I can’t remember having much trouble with that. JS: Now, as you were moving around to these places, were you able to make friends or have other women to kind of talk to, that were in the same situation that you were? (19:11) BB: Well, um, I don’t remember that, too much. JS: But you at least had roommates or people you were sharing houses with. BB: Sometimes. Sometimes I did. JS: Now, over the period there when you were married, were you able to save any money out of his salary, or did you need most of it just to cover expenses? BB: Well, he got a certain amount. That way I could pay for where I was staying. That’s what we did. JS: But were you able to save much, so that you could use that after the war was over? BB: No. �JS: Okay. You just kind of needed what you got. Okay, now, once the war is over, how quickly did things change as far as civilian life? Did things go back to normal or did they stay kind of strange, or just become different? (20:27) BB: Well, like I said, we started our life, of course. And that’s when we went back to his home. And had two more children. And so we stayed there for quite a while. And then eventually, eventually he wanted to, one of the places that he had been, he worked as an electrician, and they had always said, if you want to come back, we’ll find you a place to live. So that’s what we did. And, uh, so we went there. And I had three children. And they found us a…actually, it wasn’t an apartment. But everything was different back then. It was like one big huge room, was everything. And so, like I said, we stayed there and he worked as an electrician. Until we went back to his home. (21:55) JS: All right. Are there particular events or things that happened to you, that you experienced, that tend to come back to you? That you think about or remember, that stand out in your mind? That you haven’t mentioned here yet. BB: Well, when you were going from base to base, of course it was different, and like I said, sometimes I couldn’t say anything to him, you know, if I saw him. So, I’m not sure that anything stands out too much. JS: How would you have wound up on one of these bases? I mean, you said you saw him on the base, you couldn’t acknowledge each other. Did you ever get jobs on the bases or you just visited? (22:50) BB: I did, I remember, at one…if you didn’t have children, you were supposed to work. Now, I was in another room, with a friend of his wife, and she had a child, so she didn’t have to work, so I worked in the cafeteria, serving food to soldiers. JS: Okay. And what was that like? BB: Scary. (Laughter) JS: Why was it scary? BB: I wasn’t used to that. But it worked out good though. I went there, first of all, I was out in the back, washing dishes. I didn’t want to do anything. But then eventually, I got over that and I started behind the counter, serving food. JS: Okay. Now were you mostly working with other women, or were there soldiers doing KP duty alongside you? (23:53) �BB: No. Ususally, if I was living with someone, it was another girl, or something like that. JS: And how did the soldiers behave, when you were serving them? BB: Oh, they were always fine. Never had any trouble with any of them. JS: All right. And were there people watching after you, or looking and making sure that everybody behaved? BB: No. JS: And who did you actually answer to, or report to, when you were working on the base? Ws there a mess sergeant or someone? BB: No. Wherever I was staying, I just stayed there. I never had to answer to anyone. JS: Okay. So were you just basically with a civilian contractor or somebody like that? Somebody that was hired as a group to do the food on the base, or… BB: No. JS: They were just individual jobs that were there that you could apply for? (24:56) BB: Um, that’s the only job that I think I had. Usually, I would, I know that one time I stayed with another girl and we shared the room. But then like that. But that’s the only time I worked. JS: Okay. Now, did any of the bases that you went, did any of the bases have any kind of accommodations for children? Was there any kind of daycare available, or did you just have to deal with that yourself? BB: Um, I don’t think that there was, then. I think that if you had a child, you just took care of the child yourself. There wasn’t anything like that then. JS: Right. And did some of the women help each other out, and look after each other’s kids, and that sort of thing? BB: Not really. Not that I know of. (26:05) JS: And I guess in your situation, you move around so much… BB: Yes, that’s it. JS: It’s hard to have those networks there. �BB: Yeah. Each time he went to a different base, then I went. Eventually, it was so that we could be together. But it wasn’t at first. JS: Okay. Now, when the news came that the war was over, what was your reaction to that? BB: Oh, I was glad. (laughs) ‘Cause I knew he was coming back to where I was, too. JS: So you weren’t disappointed that he didn’t get to go bomb Japan, then? BB: No. (laughs) No. I wouldn’t have liked that. (26:49) JS: A little bit different side of it. Okay. Well, you’ve done a good job of sort of filling in the other side of that story, so people watching these two interviews together, will get that much more out of it. Is there anything else that you’d like to put on the record here, before we close out the interview? BB: Well, I found that it was very interesting that I was able to go around to the different bases, and see places that I would not have seen otherwise. And something that you always remember. You always remember where you were, what happened there. So I’m glad it happened. JS: Well, thank you for taking the time to tell it to me today. (27:33) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bovee, Betty (Interview transcript and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bovee, Betty Description An account of the resource Betty Bovee was born in Lansing, Michigan on April 29, 1923 and later moved to a small town where she grew up on a farm. She graduated from high school in 1941 and moved in with her aunt in Los Angeles, California. Betty spent the majority of her time working while in California, until she met her husband Chet. She quit her job once they were engaged and they got married in Phoenix, Arizona. Betty followed Chet around on different bases that he was stationed at for the remainder of his time in the service. They had three children while he was in the service and they moved back to Michigan once he was discharged. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-11-17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BoveeB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec5c2941f35dfae0ab63d4ecc2b1f11b.mp4 53397b6632ea63b23976d6e7b185f755 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/118293003e7d1b6ee202c166975f3c67.pdf 6fbe74beb93137b303e2520e7f49623b PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Chester Bovee Length: 44:13 (00:15) Background Information        Chester was born in Michigan on June 10, 1923 and later grew up in Wisconsin The Depression was hard on his family and his father worked in general labor After graduating from high school Chester began working in an electrician apprenticeship He had wanted to go to college, but did not have the resources to do so Chester had wanted to enlist and fight in the war as soon as he heard about the attack on Pearl Harbor His father did not want him to enlist because he had fought in WWI and been wounded Chester enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps when he was 19 years old (6:55) United States Army Air Corps  Chester went through pilot training school where they flew B-29s and were getting ready for a raid over Japan  They also worked with Stearmans, twin engines, B-25s, and B-17s  He received his wings and was then sent to Roswell, New Mexico before he would be sent to the Pacific  Chester met his new crew in New Mexico, but they had declared the war over before they left (13:10) Contra Field  Chester was sent to San Angelo in Texas where he was working as an electrician for about 1 year before he passed tests to become a pilot  The Air Corps was looking for volunteers to be pilots, bombardiers, and navigators to fight in the Pacific  Chester scored high enough to become a pilot, but not a bombardier or a navigator  He was impressed with his score considering he had not continued his education after high school (15:40) Flight Training  Chester was sent to the University of Montana after he volunteered to be a pilot  They were taking mathematics, history and many other classes that did not seem to have anything to do with flying  After taking courses at the University of Montana he was sent to Santa Ana, California for pre-flight school �    There they learned basic flight rules, commands, and how to communicate with other crew members Chester learned how to lead a crew and became a airplane commander He then went to Thunderbird Field in Arizona where they began working with Stearmans Chester had met his wife in California, who had been working for GE, and they got married in Arizona (20:55) Primary Flight School  Chester was able to fly his first plane alone and it was a thrilling experience  His instructor recommended that he go through bombardier school because he was very accurate  He was told he would be a good bombardier, but would never make it as a fighter pilot  It was easier for him to understand the mechanics of the planes because of his electrician experience  Chester liked flying B-25s better than UC-78s; it was a light bomber with lots of muscle  He liked the B-17s even better, which they flew in bomb training through ranges at Norden Bomb Sight (31:55) B-29s  Chester did not enjoy flying B-29s because they were so large  They could reach an altitude of 37,000 feet, flew faster than B-17s, carried more bombs, and had a longer range  B-29s could fly from the US through the Pacific and back without having to refuel while many other aircraft would have to refuel (33:40) End of War  Chester had been very excited to leave with is new crew and bomb Japan, but was never able to fly with them  He felt that hitting the Japanese with the atomic bombs was a big gamble and that it is still a big problem  He really enjoyed training at Thunderbird Field the most because of the background and scenery  Chester studied very hard to pass all his tests and get promotions  He was in Roswell when he first heard the news that the war was over  Chester was only there for another 3 or 4 weeks before he was discharged (37:45) After Service  Chester moved to Wisconsin with his wife and baby and then later moved to Michigan �  They did not like living in the South because they felt like they were still treated unfavorably because of the Civil War Being in the service had helped to boost Chester’s ego because he proved to himself that he could be a pilot against many odds � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bovee, Chester (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bovee, Chester Description An account of the resource Chester Bovee was born in Michigan on June 10, 1923 and enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps when he was 19 years old. He went through basic training at Contra Field in Texas where he also worked as an electrician. Chester later got a high enough test score to move on to be a pilot and was sent to the University of Montana to take academic courses. He then went to pre-flight school in Santa Ana, California before he was sent to Thunderbird Field in Arizona for primary flight school. After training he had met his new crew in Roswell, New Mexico and they were getting ready to go to the Pacific before they heard that the war was over. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Air Corps Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-11-17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BoveeC Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/601385b29aa33971b5602be3363624bf.mp4 bf163e5765a85657c712387a7c9d873d https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ab6ad46edbb8793297d5f7e4aaced2d9.pdf 3661eb427bd5443cd587d61dcadaa110 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Susan Ryan Bowers Vietnam War 49 minutes 45 seconds (00:00:11) Early Life -Born in Memphis, Tennessee -Moved to Florida when her father went to fight in World War II -Lived in Florida from 1941 to 1965 -Lived in Coral Gables and Jacksonville -Went to college in Tallahassee -She met and married Steven Ryan from Grand Rapids, Michigan -They met in 1963 and were married in January 1964 -Shortly thereafter he was deployed to Vietnam -Her father was in the Office of War Information and then worked in public relations for Pan-Am -Her mother was unemployed (00:01:47) Background and Training for Steven Ryan -She taught school for a couple years before marrying Steven and having children -Steven attended Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio -After he graduated from college he decided to enlist in the navy -He became an officer upon joining the Navy in 1960 -He became a bombardier/navigator in the A5 Vigilante bomber -He was sent to Newport News, Virginia for training -Then to Pensacola, Florida for further training -His training in Florida lasted for six months -He began with math, physics, and engineering courses upon joining the Navy -She remembers watching Steven doing carrier qualification training in Sanford, Florida -It was thrilling to watch the jets attempt to qualify for landing on an aircraft carrier -Never saw any carrier qualification accidents -She remembers seeing a midair collision with a civilian aircraft -A friend of hers was killed due to a cold catapult on an aircraft carrier -Cold catapult: Not enough steam to launch the jet, throwing it into the water (00:09:26) Meeting Steven -He was active duty on the USS Forrestal -She was living in Jacksonville, Florida and teaching when she met Steven in 1963 -They met each other on a blind date -He was stationed at Sanford Naval Air Station, Florida at the time -Wound up getting married and living together in Sanford County on Lake Mary -At the time there was only a post office and a laundromat -He came back from a European deployment in August 1963 and soon afterwards started dating -They got married in January 1964 -In June 1964 he was deployed to Vietnam, and wouldn’t return until June 1965 -On his European deployment he had gone to Naval Station Rota, Spain and to Italy -She wasn’t dating him during this deployment though, so the details were limited �(00:14:28) Living in Sanford -She didn’t get a job while living in Sanford -She wanted to spend as much time with Steven as possible prior to his deployment -There was a very active community for Navy officers and their spouses -It was all about living life to the fullest and being close with one another -It felt like being in a fraternity -There were squadron rivalries, games, and parties -Steven was part of RVAH 5 (a reconnaissance squadron) (00:16:00) Steven’s Deployment to the Pacific -He knew in January that he was going to be leaving in June -They would count the days together and just try to make the time count -They both accepted that it was going to happen -He was sent out to join the USS Ranger -It was a rarity for an East Coast unit to go on a West Coast deployment -Pilots were needed though, and his recon squadron was one of the best -He received a week of survival training in California -Evading being captured -Surviving in the wilderness without a weapon -Living on snakes and insects for sustenance -He was eventually “captured” and placed in an underground pen -Subjected to starvation and psychological torture -Most men lost at least twenty pounds by the end of the training (00:22:44) Serving in Vietnam -He left California in June after his survival training was complete -From California he sailed to Yokosuka, Japan -He spent the majority of that cruise at sea before Vietnam escalated -In August 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred and the resolution was passed by Congress -As a result this was the start of heavy American involvement in Vietnam -The first phase of that was an American aerial campaign against North Vietnam -He was involved in the initial bombing campaign against North Vietnam -Even that early in the war they already started to lose jets, and with those jets they lost pilots (00:25:25) Communication -They were able to communicate with each other via mail -He would talk about friends, food, and movies being shown on the ship -Never talked about any of his wartime activities or anything that happened on missions (00:26:49) Susan Coping with the Deployment -During Steven’s deployment Susan moved back to Jacksonville to be close to her family -She kept up with the war -Because she wasn’t in Sanford she didn’t have to see when wives lost husbands -She also didn’t get to get any of the immediate information or have that support network -In Jacksonville she didn’t have to deal with any harassment from antiwar protestors -She did see the protests on the TV and saw them get worse as the war continued -Felt that the lack of cooperation was abhorrent -She understood the frustration of a lot of servicemen with the politicians -The politicians wanted to run a war that the military knew how to win �(00:32:20) End of Deployment and Retirement -He was supposed to be home by March 1965, but the date kept getting pushed back -Eventually got pushed back to June 1965 -Didn’t know that he was coming home until the week of -Remembers when the squadron returned people dressed up and there was a celebration -It was momentous occasion for the survivors to return safely -Upon coming home he was the same man that he was when he entered the Navy -After that tour he decided to leave the Navy -He felt that it wasn’t the right career for him or for his family -The other men in the squadron were supportive of his decision -He went to work for Lear-Siegler in Grand Rapids, Michigan -They were designing and manufacturing long range navigational computers -He would frequently go to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio for his work -After the war he never faced harassment for having served in Vietnam -If anything, he was a curiosity in East Grand Rapids because he had served -People wanted to know about Vietnam and invited him to speak at gatherings -He was always well received when he spoke in front of a crowd about his service (00:39:59) Dangers in Vietnam -Missiles weren’t quite a threat yet during his time off the coast of Vietnam -Antiaircraft fire was still a very real threat for him -Because they were flying low, even small arms fire was still a threat -The landscape and the environment in general was also a hazard -They had to deal with fog and deal with navigating through a myriad of valleys (00:41:08) Reflections on the War -Resentful towards politicians for steering the direction of the war in the wrong direction -They both supported the military’s policies no matter what they were -Felt that the politicians would put the military in difficult and precarious situations -Both disappointed about people’s attitude during that time concerning the U.S. and the military (00:44:00) Day to Day Life in the Navy -She found the daily routine of being in the Navy fascinating -Steven would occasionally talk about the limitations of war, but he was never specific about it -Steven commented that there was always high adrenaline when combat missions were flown -Especially when you came back to the ship, and other men did not -In his squadron four (or five) men were killed in action during Vietnam -Aboard the ship he shared a small room with another airman -They had a bunk bed, a desk, and a chair -The pilots and navigators would spend most of their time in the “ready room” -Preparing for missions, or to just relax and swap stories with each other -There was a great sense of camaraderie on board the carrier (00:47:00) Reflections on Service -His naval service was a rewarding experience -It gave Steven direction in life -It also taught him how to be a leader and solve problems -They both feel that everyone should do at least one year of military or civil service -It would help many people to become more mature after high school or college �-It would also help to make people more realistic and more selfless -It changed his life for the better � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BowersS1708V Title A name given to the resource Bowers, Susan (Interview outline and video), 2014 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-12-02 Description An account of the resource Susan Ryan Bowers is the widow of Vietnam War veteran Steven Ryan. She was born in Memphis, Tennessee and then grew up in Florida. She met Steven in 1963 after a deployment to Europe. He was in the Navy as a bombardier/navigator for an A5 Vigilante in RVAH 5 Squadron (reconnaissance). They were married in January 1964 and in June of that year he was deployed to Vietnam where he saw action flying bombing missions along the coast of Vietnam. During his time in the service she was an active member of the Sanford Naval Air Station community in Florida and ardently supported his involvement with the military and with the Vietnam War. After his tour ended in June 1965 he decided to leave the Navy and they moved up to Grand Rapids, Michigan where he worked for Lear-Siegler, an aerospace company, which allowed him to still be involved with the military, specifically the Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bowers, Susan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/49f4ecf84005d13423af7b913c86a499.mp4 24d537f457e70235e995b394015f75aa https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d41c5adf3df87a2b7c3167f3cf6cb7fb.pdf a56a3c08112d3d9a0235388d22c34d78 PDF Text Text Jeffrey Bowman (45:04) (00:15) Background Information    Jeff was born in Muskegon, MI on May 27, 1954 His mother worked for Spiegel Catalog and his father worked for Continental Motors He went to Christian school and played basketball, graduating in 1972 (5:50) Enlistment in the Army      Jeff had training at Fort Dix where he spent time marching, running and doing calisthenics They had to get up every day at 4:30 a.m. Jeff was stationed at Fort Dix for two years, driving trucks His squad was sent to Pennsylvania during a massive flood They helped rebuild houses in the area and transport equipment (12:45) Discharged      Jeff was discharged after two years and began driving for Mayflower He worked there for five years, traveling to 48 states and Canada He then began working in Texas transporting computers Jeff began having medical problems and could no longer drive He now lives in the Grand Rapids Home for Veterans (18:35) Marriage    Jeff got married to a woman in Virginia in 1980, but it only lasted one year He was married again in 1985 to a woman from Louisiana, which lasted five years He was married three times and never had any kids (22:50) Trucking Experience   Gerald has made friends all over the country He was able to visit his family members in GA, CA, and TX (27:30) Family Members    Jeff and his sister were both adopted His sister has three sons and lives in FL His mother passed away in 1996 from a heart attack and his father died recently � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bowman, Jeffery (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bowman, Jeffery Description An account of the resource Jeff Bowman was born in Muskegon, Michigan on May 27, 1954. He went to Christian schools in Muskegon and played basketball. Jeff graduated in 1972 and then enlisted in the Army. He had basic training in Fort Dicks and was stationed there for two years. During his time in the Army, Jeff drove trucks and continued to do so after being discharged. Jeff currently lives in the Grand Rapids Home for Veterans. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-05-15 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BowmanJ0135V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/081b69200371179e9c53bb9e60671fd2.mp4 6dcbc128aaa35b09136a3ae11d43896f https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/32398f19d95f02f67384d3b028f5f857.pdf 14c8d9b4637a6bafbcb8288635900691 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Melvin Bowser (00:49:47) (00:05) Introduction • Born outside Toledo Ohio, 9/11/1944 • Stayed on farm until he was around nine years old. • Moved into Toledo. • Was expelled from Catholic school in seventh grade after striking a nun. • Moved out his parents’ house when he was a junior, and moved in with his older brother until he graduated from high school. (07:48) Joining the Air Force • Joined the Air Force in 1962. • Served four years in the air force, until 1966. • Received training at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas. • One D.I. had a very hoarse voice after attempting to hang himself. The men could barely hear or understand his orders. • The D.I. came into the barracks drunk and began throwing the men’s things around, Melvin was on guard duty and the men got in a fight. To cover his tracks, Melvin and other men carried him out into a ditch outside of the barracks. The D.I. never knew what happened. (11:10) Basic Training • The weather was very hot during his basic. • He enjoyed the day-to-day routine of the military. • Believes the Air Force training is more mental than the physical trainings of the Army and Marines. • When he enlisted, he was promised work in electronics, but did not receive it. (13:05) After Basic Training • After Lackland, he was sent to Selfridge Air Force Base in Mt. Clemens, Michigan. • He worked in heating while at Selfridge. He shoveled coal into ten hand-fired furnaces in the barracks to heat them. • He began working in the boiler plants after passing examinations. • While sand blasting a building on a scaffold, the scaffold was hit and he fell thirty feet into a pile of cinders. He injured his spine. However, he did not receive a medical discharge. • After 8 months of pain, he was sent to the hospital to find out what was wrong with his spine. He received an operation to correct the spine injury. • Once returning to Selfridge after surgery, he could not perform his usual duties. • He organized a repair group, men on the base who could repair all of the electrical problems on base. �Met his wife, who lived in Mount Clemens at the time he was serving in Selfridge. (27:36) Having a family • His wife already had a small child before marriage, who was in an orphanage. • He had another daughter shortly after marriage. • He left the service after the birth of his second daughter. He did not want to have to move his children around all of the time. • Seven years later he has another daughter. • His daughter Claudia developed a mental impairment after an extreme fever. • He worked as a maintenance man after he left the service. • He did use his military training with boiler work in his future endeavors as a maintenance man. • � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bowser, Melvin (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bowser, Melvin Description An account of the resource Melvin Bowser served in the US Air Force from 1962 to 1966. He trained at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas, and was then stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base in Michigan. There he worked as a furnace tender and maintenance man on the base, and later switched to electrical work after being injured. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Air Force Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-25 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BowserM Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1e8cd683aebe6166bc0c4a3192d39e7d.pdf 69cc1cf01fb1585aaf6558d23d67481e PDF Text Text L'dor V'dor project Interviewee: Fran Boyden Interviewer: Chavala Ymker and Marilyn Preston Date: November 17, 2018 Place: Temple B’nai Israel, Muskegon, Michigan Transcriber: Chavala Ymker Fran Boyden was born in 1947 and has lived in Muskegon, Michigan her entire life. She spent almost 40 years as a teacher at Mona Shores, and is now happily retired. Having been a member of B’nai Israel from birth, the Temple has factored greatly in her experiences. She is a proud wife, mother and grandmother of two. CY: Today is November 11, November 17 [2018] and I [Chavala Ymker] am here with... FB Fran Boyden CY Conducting an oral history for the L'dor V'dor project. Do you consent to participate and have your history recorded for this project? FB I do. CY Alright. So we'll start with, just tell me about yourself and your life. And then what were you like as a child and as a young adult? FB I'm 72 years old, almost. I'm a few months shy of that, but I'm really proud to be this old. I never thought I would be. I was born into this congregation. I was born in 1947, and the congregation already existed. This building was in the process of fundraising to complete it. And it was opened, fully finished in 1948. So my whole life, all I've known is Temple B'Nai Israel at Fourth and Webster. My grandparents, were among the families that worked on the fundraising and contributed. And my father and mother were also participants in that whole process. My mother was very active in Temple Sisterhood and, I, I have brothers that were Bar Mitzvah'd here. I was Bat Mitzvah'd here. I was one of the first girls that had a Bat Mitzvah. It traditionally was a male thing and girls were sort of an afterthought. But I started studying Hebrew when I was in third grade because that's the time my older brother started-he was a fifth grader and I was so anxious to learn what those markings were 1 �that I couldn't wait and I, started Hebrew at that time. So by the time I reached 13, I was demanding my Bat Mitzvah take place. And it did. And it was, it's always, been something I've been very proud of. It's such a singular event in a young Jewish person's life because the process involves learning to read Hebrew, which is a difficult language and conducting an entire service that lasts about an hour and a half, including delivering a sermon that is based on that portion of the Torah that you study. The Torah is Hebrew with no vowels in it. So it's doubly difficult. It's not just written in those funny looking little symbols that go right to left, but the words have no vowels. So you learn it from a textbook, and then you learn it, you memorize it so you can read from the Torah and read those words minus those vowels. It's very complicated. And when a young person at 13 concludes that, they feel like they could do anything. And in fact, the temple recognizes, Judaism recognizes, that once you've had a Bar or Bat Mitzvah, you could lead any service anywhere in the world as a rabbi-that you were entitled to lead. So it, it is a, an amazing experience for a child. Our son was, my husband and I have a son, Jason, who was raised in this temple, also went through religious school, had his Bar Mitzvah here. And he moved away, married and returned with his wife. And now, my grandchildren Noah and Goldie are both enrolled in a Sunday school- United Jewish school-in Grand Rapids. Because we don't have a Sunday School at Temple B'nai Israel anymore. We ran out of children, Noah and Goldie were literally the last children here. So our son and daughter-in-law drive to Grand Rapids every Sunday. And our grandson Noah will be 13 in March and his Bar Mitzvah in this temple with Rabbi Alpert will be June 22, 2019. So I have this warm, embery glow inside about Temple B'nai Israel because five generations have benefited from the existence of this Temple as a grounding source for the family. It-it's not that any of us were deeply religious, more reform Judaism. Our son did consider, Jason, considered for a short while being a rabbi, and then considered being a cantor, because music is his life. And I am just so happy to have Temple B'nai Israel. We struggle. It's a small congregation now. At one time it had 150 members, and now we're down to 40. But as a dear friend of mine, Merle Scholnich said a long time ago, "We're a little, but mighty." It-it's almost like we're the Chanukkah Menorah. We were supposed to have run out of oil a long time ago, [laughter] and we never have. It just keeps, the flames keep burning. And I'm proud of that in a satisfying way-that Temple has been really the center in, in my life. I've always wanted to be a teacher, so that's one of the things- But my first opportunity to be a teacher, was when I finished Sunday school at Temple B'nai Israel. By the time I was a sophomore in high school, I was a Sunday school teacher. And so I got to experiment on [laughter] the other kids here. 2 �And I knew for sure that I wanted to spend my life as a teacher then. CY That's cool. So, would you be able to tell me a little bit more about your childhood and youth outside of the temple? FB My childhood was unusual. I didn't know it at the time, but it was unusual. I, my parents owned a business in Muskegon, and they also, besides living in Muskegon and having a home here, had an apartment in Florida and in the winter months they would go to Florida. And I have three brothers that were Spring or Summer birthdays and they were all born in Muskegon, Michigan. I was a February birthday, so I was born at St. Francis Hospital in Miami Beach. I think though, that very first year having four children down there and one of them, a baby, changed what they wanted to do. So, my two oldest brothers at that time, were old enough that they didn't go back down to Florida when my parents did. And so, my mother hired a full time, live-in housekeeper who became very much like a mother to me. And she, when my parents would continue to go to Florida in January, often until March, she- She is Bea. Bea lived in our house, always, and for 25 years. And so that covered from the time I was 1 until I was 26. And, she was a wonderful, kind, loving support. That really helped ground me in the absence of my parents when they were traveling. I lived across the street from Nims school where I attended elementary, and so being very close to the school and the playground and, you know, I could just cross the street and go. I don't remember that I was particularly inspired student. I think I looked out the window a lot and I learned later that I was pretty much a classic underachiever, maybe in part because of the absence of my parents when they were gone and even when they were home, working hours in the business. But my interests were not in learning, my interests had more to do with making people laugh and just being kind of outrageous. And I had a good time. [Laughter] Much to the dismay [laugher] of my parents who really wish that I would have been a little more of a student. I-in those growing up years, it was difficult if I look back at the things that I missed because my parents were gone quite a bit or very involved in the business. And-but I learned from that experience a great deal about how I wanted to parent. And I loved my parents dearly, and I, I do, when I think of how unusual my growing up situation was, I 3 �think they really did the best they could with what they had because they had both grown up in poverty. And so for them to be able to do the things that they did, you know, it enriched their lives a great deal. Do you know, I-one of the reasons that I loved going into teaching is because I had been that underachiever. I knew that school was not necessarily a measure of intelligence, and I had been more interested in making my class laugh than in, you know, acquiring knowledge. But, I really learned after I graduated from high school and was accepted at Eastern Michigan University because nobody else would have me. And I flunked out my first year. I-I was sent home in June with the suggestion to never return. And I, I, I really had to face facts at that point. I had wanted to be a teacher my entire life.The other key person in my life, my wonderful sister-in-law, who I had come into my life when I was five and M-she was 19, had such a tremendous effect on me that between her, Millie, and Bea, I just always wanted to be a teacher and help and work with other kids. When I flunked out of Eastern, I had to return and really face facts that in order to be that teacher I wanted, to be, I was going to need a degree. [Laughter] So I enrolled in Comm-Muskegon Community College and four pointed that for a full year. I had to prove, you know, what I had. And then Grand Valley took me, and I really loved Grand Valley. It was a little teeny tiny new college. [Laughter] It was 1968 when I went there and there were six buildings the Great Lakes buildings plus the science building. And it was a nice little school. But because of the way it was arranged in quarter system, there were four quarters a year rather than tris, I was able between community college, and Grand Valley to finish four years of college in three-going year round. So I still was able to land my first teaching job at 22 after four years in college. And that first teaching job was at Mona Shores. That first teaching job was at Mona Shores junior high at that time and later Mona Shores high school when ninth graders became part of the high school. And I was there for 38 years, almost four decades and I loved it dearly. CY So going off of that, what were some of the most important roles you've had in your life so far? FB Well, I-I think number one, is being a mother. I, I know that my husband isn't thrilled to hear that. [Laughter] When our son went off to college, my husband said, "Well, I finally have my wife back," [laughter] and I was crying so hard to have lost my son to collegeSo being a mother was everything to me and having my son in my own school district, having him as a student, being able to be part of his life as he was growing up, it was 4 �something very satisfying. And-and it made me very proud of him that when he from high school, he left, went to school at the University of Michigan and was recruited to teach music in Clark County Schools, which is Nevada [laughter], Las Vegas, Sin City. And that's where he met his wife and they opted, after him being gone for 11 years to move back here. And I'm very proud of that because we did everything to make him strong and independent. He went out and figured it out for himself and then decided that he and his wife, with her full support and agreement, Ruby, wanted to raise their children here, not in Las Vegas. So we were very lucky to have them return. Obviously for me, the second most important role, but the one I treasure most today is as a wife. I met my husband when I was 17. Rick has been the anchor in my life. We will celebrate our 50th wedding anniversary in June. And I-but like any long-term marriage, my favorite thing to say is, I vacillate between being scared to death he's going to die and wanting to murder him with my own bare hands [laughter], because, he and I are a lesson in long-term relationships being problematic, problem solving, supportive, forgiving, and just being best friends because there isn't anything you haven't seen or done. And I-I feel sorry for the people who think when they find those first faults in their mate that it's time to pack it in. So that my relationship, my marriage has been, has-I can't even define the importance it's so deep. Other roles, teacher-being a teacher. Oh, I-I've been retired for 11 years and I miss it so much, but I could no longer physically stand the schedule up at quarter to six every morning and teaching sick or well, because it's easier to go do it than to write plans for a sub and know, it wasn't going to really happen the way it needed to. So, I-my teaching years were wonderful. I had not just the joy of the rapport and relationships with kids-I had the pleasure of having students who then grew up, got married and brought me their children. And I retired just before I heard, "You had my grandma" for the first time. [Laughter]. But I sure heard, "You had my mom, you had my dad, you had my uncle, you had..." And I always used to love telling the kids what 'bonditons'-that's a Yiddish word for bandit-their parents had been-or relatives. The-I had mentioned before, that one of the reasons I retired was for the physical reasons of not being able to handle that kind of schedule and the hours-teaching speech, which was my last assignment, meant that for every speech, I took in detailed outlines that had-bibliography sheets at the end, and in-text citations, and the job became so difficult to correct for every speech-that boat load-and having to correct, because we were newly into computers at that time, and computers-the computers didn't have programs that would have the kids set up their bibliography page. They 5 �actually-we had to use a handbook, and I felt like I spend half of my life circling commas that weren't supposed to be there and putting in [laughter] semicolons that should be, and it became just a really difficult thing. The other thing that changed was the political climate and I could not, you, you know-I left so much in my classroom every day is how I felt. I gave it my all, I referred to myself as a one dimensional person everything was education. And I couldn't stand what I was seeing happening with parents, that I was becoming the enemy, that if I found someone was plagiarizing and talked to parents about it, they wanted to tell me that my expectations were just too high and that I should lighten up. And a couple of them went after my job [laughter] and I, I adopted at one point the attitude of-and this is where it was hard for me-"Okay, this is your only chance parents to have your child get all this free support in education. I'm done with your child in a semester. You've got a life sentence. So you can enable them as much as you want and I promise you they'll be in your basement for a lot longer than you wanted them." Well, that wasn't a popular thing for me to say, but by the end of my career, I was saying it. And the last thing that pulled me out of my classroom-that made me know it was time to retire-was the birth of our grandson Noah. And I was so jealous because my husband's work schedule was very flexible, and every Tuesday he had Noah all to himself all day, and that was just not fair. So I taught one more year and then I retiredhappily. I mean, it wasn't like I was done with it, I treasured that last year I taughteverything I did not as, "Oh, this is it, this is never, great!" It-everything I did felt more like I-this is the last time I'm going to be teaching a debate- constructive speech. And so I have to do it really well. And it was satisfying for me when I retired to feel like I was the best teacher in my entire career on that last year I taught. So, that's pretty much me. That pretty much defines, you know, everything that has been important in my life. CY Yeah, I can-definitely. Thank you for sharing that. Okay. So now we're going to move on to some more questions about what it means to you to be a Jew. So how would you describe what it is to be a Jew for you? FB I, you know, I don't even know if this means anything to people anymore, but I grew up in the years when the Catholic Church was teaching Jews as Christ killers. When there had to be something wrong with you if you didn't embrace Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior. And when I was the only Jewish student in my classroom at Nims school, one of two or three at Nelson junior high, one of three or four at Muskegon high school, I 6 �was always the outsider. And I was particularly that outsider because-and here's the phrase that makes me crazy-I don't look Jewish. There is a stereotype, and when we were in New York, we went to the Jewish Museum, and in the Jewish Museum there is a display of the hate art that occurred in Germany and other places in the world. It always depicted Jews with these big awful noses. It was always-they were always dark. Well, Semites, you know, you've heard anti semite. That means, you know, not liking Jews, but Semites basically are darker skinned. And I was that blonde haired, blue-eyed, perky little nose kid growing up. So I was often in situations where people would say anti semitic things because they felt they were safe. They thought they were saying it with no Jew around. I had several instances when I was going through school, I was an eighth grader at Nelson junior high, and the Easter assembly happened. And they had a speaker at the Easter assembly and it was a lawyer in the community. And as his speech, he came in and he tried and convicted the Jews in his speech of killing Jesus and sentenced them to death. It was the first time that I had ever seen anything quite so bold. You know, there was a Christmas program every year in elementary complete with the manger and I was always the narrator because I had a strong, clear voice and I think they were afraid to make me an angel or a sheep. I-it just wouldn't have worked out for me. And so I was always the narrator. But when I got to that eighth grade assembly for Easter yet, I was angry and I walked out of that assembly and went and sat in the office. Even my parents were angry with me because I had made a ripple. You just didn't call attention to yourself. Because of that, I'm probably crabby about the public schools. I taught for 38 years at Mona Shores many of those years home of the singing Christmas tree. And my classroom was down the hall from the choir room and I heard Christmas music starting in August, and going through the entire semester. I, I just felt like, if you were a Jewish kid or you were of any other religion besides Christian, the comparisons and the feeling of being excluded was just great, huge. And I-but I've always, in my teaching, I had a person that-another teacher-that actually became a very, very [good?] friend. But when I was with him one time he talked about someone 'jewing' him out of something and I said-this is how I've always handled it since then because I've heard that often-I always use it as an education point and I say, "You know, I know you probably aren't aware and don't mean to be hurting me. But I'd like you to hear that through my ears. What is it that you're saying about someone when you say you're 'jewing' them out of, or they're 'jewing' you out of? And if you are in fact Jewish, then what do-" That adult co-teacher, colleague, was part of the social studies department and drank what I said in and started a Holocaust remembrance week. And so for many 7 �years, at Mona Shores, and you know, I've been out 11 years. There was a always a Holocaust remembrance observance, just as a jumping off point to talk about eventually, [inaudible] demeaning people, being aware of, you know, with some sensitivity. So I am somewhat crabby and combative, but, and I do speak my mind, but I try to do it in the calmest, most educated way. I am amazed that people don't even know sometimes that they're saying something that is based in anti semitism. CY Yeah. So how do you practice Judaism? FB I love coming to Shabbat morning services. We didn't always have these. I did not like coming to Friday night services all the years that I taught. By the time 5:00 [PM] rolled around on Friday, I was spent, nothing was getting me out of the house, even a good party, not even a football game. I'm-I've been actively involved in the temple for all but about 10 years. I took a time out for about 10 years. My husband Rick never took a time out. He's always been in there just working and helping to manage and be part of the labor around the Temple. As we've gotten older and had illness, that hasn't, you knowwe cannot do labor anymore. We used to take care of Gilana's Garden. That was something that was very meaningful to us. We enjoyed gardening and when Rabbi and Anna lost their daughter, Gilana, and the Temple decided that the sunken garden would become Gilana's Garden, for us, the spirituality of working that garden was practicingHonestly, Rick is pretty much an atheist. I don't believe that he, that's the word he says. He lives a very moral, spiritual, kind of service oriented [life], you know, for the Temple. We observe the holidays, not in a conservative or Orthodox way. We engage in all the Temple activities. We really enjoy being with our Temple family. That is what it has become to all of us. I'm really proud of our members because it is a temple family, and we have many people who have settled here from other places and so they, they don't have proximity to cousins or siblings or whatever. So that's one reason, but the other reason is, simply we enjoy each other. So, I, I love reading Hebrew. I taught Hebrew to three of my very good friends and when I first retired, there was a joint Bat Mitzvah, of four women who were all in their sixtiesthey had never had Bat Mitzvahs. Two of them were fluent Hebrew readers, but they were scared to death of public speaking. The other two were pretty comfortable public speakers, but they couldn't read a word of Hebrew. So and for me, I was retired and that was the best class I ever had because they all wanted to learn. And so I taught those two friends Hebrew, and one of them is Lee who's also being interviewed right now. We 8 �have been friends for almost 70 years [laughter] and-and Andy was the other person. And I would work with them first individually and then together, while I still had my own Hebrew class with Marcia and Helen who were fluent readers. And then we put the-I put the four of them together and they divided up the service, divided up the prayers and it was really a beautiful event where, you know, they did a joint Bat Mitzvah called a B'not Mitzvah and it was one of the high points in my life to be able to help that. And I, it was-they were the best students I ever had. [Laughter] And so I guess in how I practice Judaism, I am not somebody who even believes we need to brick and mortar structure for religion. I think, in fact, I, this sounds like a joke, but I don't really-it is what I believe. I, I'm not sure there ever has been a God. I think it's a spelling error that 'good' is the word that we should have in our minds and our hearts. What's good? And somebody just didn't know how to spell it, so they called it God and then it started all kinds of arguments about, you know, how it could be used for some people to gain power and riches. And I, I guess that's my-I'm not crazy about organized religion speech. CY I agree. [Laughter] FB You know, it's just a big spelling error, get over it. Well, and it's difficult because I, I sometimes read an ad where someone's looking for child care for their family and they want a good Christian woman. And I, you know, I had a friend who put that ad in the newspaper at one point and I said, "Hon, you think I could come and raise your kids?" "Oh, Fran! I'd love that. I'd love that." "I'm sorry I'm not Christian." [Laughter] CY So you were talking a little bit about how you took a break for about 10 years. Can you tell me a little about that? FB Yeah, it was figuring some things out for myself. It was a rough part of my life. There was a lot of illness. I was losing my mother and my sister-in-law. And of course I was working full time and really, really involved there. When I taught from Mona shores, I, I always found myself in these positions where I was doing more than what was in the classroom. I was in the initial group that wrote the mission statement for the district. I mean, I was always the-there were the committees, the endless committees the North Central Accreditation and the, you know, chair of this and the- And I don't mean to promote myself as a leader or self-important, but just, for me, when I look at a task, I see it in steps and it's easy to I think starting one step at a time that anybody can do 9 �anything. And it's part of what I used to teach my students, you know, when I taught speech and we were going to do a debate at the end of this unit and they didn't have a clue what it was. I literally would draw on the board this step drawing that was what we do each day in order to build to that last ability of writing a constructive-of taking a viewpoint, proving, creating main points, doing that constructive speech, knowing how to crossexamine, knowing how to- Everything is just a little tiny, one step at a time and it's such a logical thing to me. So I often wind up being that person who will say-well, at least that's the way it was at school, "I think the first thing we probably should do is-" And, and so, you know, I was really deeply involved-back to my, I'm a one dimensional person, it's all about education. So that, you know, that, and I don't know- I-socially it was, it was just a difficult part of my life kind of, dealing with those realities, that you think will just not really happened to you when you're young. CY Yeah. [Laughter] So the next question is, can you tell me about a time that you questioned your faith? FB Well, every year when I put up my Christmas tree, [laughter] but it isn't that I questioned my faith. No, I mean-I can't say that I've always been convinced that there is a God. I, I do remember that when Bea died-and I was 26-and I sat at her funeral and I was just uncontrollable and-I was crying so hard-and I thought, I still, the thought went through my head, "Oh my God, I better get some religion before the next person dies." And then it's like the second voice in my head said, "Wow, you're really something." And you know, I-it isn't that I questioned my faith. I look in nature, I-we live close to the beach and I-our house-our backyard is a tree covered dune. And I-and we're gardeners. I don't think that things are coincidental. I, the longer I live, the more I can see the patterns and the up and down and the more I have accepted that life is just one, one big set of changes. The only constant is change and that sometimes they come unexpectedly, like death comes out of time. You know, I-I had a twelve-year-old seventh grader in South Shores Junior High, who dropped dead in his gym class. And then I, you know, it was unexpected and-but it's something we're never really-there is no good time, it's a painful event. But we just-as I age, I have gotten more accepting that it is part of life. You can't live if you don't die and, you know, the-what do I do today and how do I feel about it today is the important thing. So I often say, and I don't know, I'll probably one of the be one of those screaming crazy people "Save me! Save me!" But I-I often think that if I died today, I would be okay with that. There isn't anything to me that's left unsaid or undone that would be torturous. [Laughter] 10 �CY That's cool. FB Well I'm grateful. I'm just grateful because that hasn't always been true, but I think there should be some reward for putting up with all this physical crap. CY Right? [Laughter] FB My bones hurt, you know. I'm diabetic, you know, I have stuff happening and- But I think some peace of mind and having expectations that are realistic and just being grateful because you, you can look any place and see somebody who's suffering so much more. CY Yeah. So now we're going to kind of transition into talking about the temple more. FB Okay. CY So what-can you describe your earliest memories of the Temple? What was it like growing up here? FB Sunday school, Sunday school- There are classrooms up in the third floor. You've seen those and that little kindergarten classroom with its own bathroom in it and the artwork up there. The balcony-being able to sneak across the hall and look through the little glass inserted window into the balcony. This is all-I'm not speaking in complete sentences because I just want to do this flow and they're just-I don't want to complete every thought. [Laughter] I'm just trying to let it rip. I'm loving the idea of being in that balcony because you could hide in it and you could-if I was at Temple with my parents, I and one of my other little people could sneak up those stairs and get in the balcony and look over it. Then my later classes in religious school, were in the social hall and it- I always look up at that ceiling because they had tracks up there that these doors that would slide and give you some semblance of privacy or you know, you could actually do some teaching in there. And I, I just remember, I didn't know anybody who liked Sunday school and that is so generational. I mean, it doesn't matter who you talk to and they- Nobody liked Sunday school because you had to get up on Sunday, because they maybe had too intellectual of a teacher for the grade you were in, you never got to do enough art projects, and 11 �there was always the damn I'm Chanukkah play. And there was a Purim carnival where you got to dress as a character in the Purim story, and then you go downstairs and you could play- You could do musical chairs, which was actually a cakewalk. So you could win a cake, which to me as a child was kind of heavenly. And then the Passover Seder, which was absolutely terrible because you had to sit for two and a half hours and the rabbis that we had when I was a child were just horrid. They wouldn't allow any noise at all. Children were not welcome or if you did dare bring yours, you better shut them up. And they-you know, the rabbi that married Rick and me was from South Africa. He was our "apartheid rabbi". I don't even know how you get to be a rabbi if you believe in segregation of races. But he was- He didn't last here real long, which we were quite pleased about. He was a South African who temporarily got bounced into Muskegon, I'm not sure how, but he conducted our wedding and you know, and- I have a lot of memories. I went to Nelson Junior High School and I have a lot of memories in elementary school of walking here [B'nai Israel] after school for Hebrew school and walking here because my mother would be working on the Passover Seder. And so, I was around here a lot as a child. There was a little kids organization called the Hadassah Buds and you know, it was all the little girls in their little dresses and our mothers would get us together and we were never quite sure why-it felt like another Sunday school session. You know, I used to think that the High Holidays was a fashion show. It was the day that-the days that my mother would make sure she had taken me shopping and crammed me into some dress that didn't fit and we would all come and admire each other's clothes and it was just- It's so not like that now, you know. But in-in my childhood years the temple was not nearly the friendly place it is today. It was not the warm and welcoming place. I-that's my memory. And it was cliqueish and gossipy and you know, I just, I don't see that now. And we all actually today we're too small, you know, to be at odds with each other. We need everybody. And in the old days they were very judgmental and they did things like print the amount of money you gave in dues, you know, or in fundraising and sometime- I mean it was just not. The Temple was not the warm, fuzzy place that it is today. CY So what changes have you witnessed over the life of the Temple? FB The biggest change that I saw was the coming of Alan Alpert and from the point that he came here, the tone changed and it was difficult for him because he was dealing with 12 �some pretty tough people who didn't want change. He wanted to be more inclusive. He was the one that when he had Gilana, their first child, and she made noise in a service and some of those people in that day said, "We can't have any noise," and it-Rabbi will tell you, it's one of the times, few times, in his years here that he said,"If children are not allowed in services, you have the wrong rabbi and I need to leave." And so he really brought the beginning of change. He became a much greater, kinder emissary to the community. The other rabbis, if you can imagine the apartheid rabbi, and before him we had some real ringers too. And, that I only-I don't even want to say anything aboutExcept note in the audio that I'm shaking my head "No", as I'm telling you that I don't want to talk about the others. Rabbi is so beloved here, and also to the general community because he is warm and open and caring. And I have-he always, he mentioned today in services that he was upset with himself because he can usually see things from both sides. I would cross out 'usually' and say he always sees things- It doesn't matter what you observe. If you say to him, "Rabbi, I think so and so is-" he's always going to present you with another possibility. And it's his wisdom. It's his kindness. And I-our life would have been totally different if he hadn't come. The last rabbi that was here, I didn't want-our son had been born-and I didn't want him anywhere around the temple and I just had a bad feeling about that rabbi. But when Alan came, one of the first things he did, my father was dying at that time, he sat at the hospital every day with my mother. And my mother loved Alan like a son and he just, he brought with him here, just a whole different flavor and you couldn't help but love him and he just brings people together. He is so wonderful that I have to ask them to leave me alone. [Laughter] Rick suffered throughRick and I both did-a time that spanned about six months, a year or so ago, and then it happens periodically of illness, and serious stuff. I have to ask rabbi not to text or call and to forgive me for asking that because I couldn't get a nap in [laughter] because they'd be texting "How is he, what can I do? Do you need anything? I'm going to Meijer," and you know. So it's just, he is the great change, and has made this a warm and comfortable place to be. So, many people have said, "When Rabbi leaves," because that is going to happen. Their children are grown. Aleza lives in North Carolina. David is in New York. And Aleza has a baby now and will have more. And you know, and Gilana is buried in California, and I hear the clock ticking and a lot of people say this temple will fall apart when Alan leaves. And my response, "How dare you say that? What an insult to him that he has done so little here that without him we're nothing. If you really want to pay homage to who he is and what he has done here, then you have a commitment to keep this going." 13 �So, that's the change. I feel like we've been talking a long time. Am I-I'm a little worried about the time. CY I think as long as Marilyn doesn't come in, we should be good. FB Okay. CY I only have like three questions left. FB Okay. Okay. CY Alright. So the next one is what are your worst and best memories of the temple? FB That's really hard to say because that really reflects what, you know- Everybody is a product of their own experiences. I hate to even put this in here-I'm just going to say it. I have always been a little fat girl, as a 90 pound kindergartener. So I've always had that baggage and I don't care if anybody believes me or not, but it's metabolic damn it. And someday science is going to substantiate that. But-so if I talk about my best or worst memories of the Temple, a lot of times what I'm doing would be reflecting how I was feeling about myself. So in that question, I don't think the Temple has always been the warmest and welcoming place in the world. I think that although my dad would have been viewed as successful in that money realm because remember the winter in Florida that looks, you know- But I-I think there was a kind of moneyed group that made things difficult for others. And I, you know, I didn't always feel like I was included as a younger person, but I have to temper that again with 'I'm a product of my own experiences and reflecting what I'm doing to myself kind of.' So I'm really, you know, hesitant to say much about that. My childhood was quite unhappy, so that means that there would be a lot that goes with that andBut the thing that I would be proud of, are really best memories, were when I had my Bat Mitzvah. Being able to learn to read Hebrew. I loved my Hebrew teacher dearly. Her father had been a rabbi. She and her husband, her husband's father had been a rabbi, they were both really brilliant people and I just loved being in her company and learning Hebrew. I also had a really good memory are some of my Sunday school teachers. I remember Roz Grossman, who may she rest in peace, was a lovely, wonderful warm woman. I had broken my leg in [laughter] an ice skating accident. We were playing 14 �"Catch and Kiss" at the ice rink. And these guys threw me over and [laughter] I broke a leg. And she was my Sunday school teacher that year and she would come to visit me, and she was just a sweetheart. I also-Carol Rosen is another person who has passed away, died way too young, but she was somebody else that I admired so much. You know, I think that's it. CY So I'm going to push back just a little bit. FB Okay. CY I understand if you don't want to share a worst memory, but because this is your personal history and we do understand your experiences and the environment[s] all of us grow up in completely inform how we see things, if you would like to share, I think we understand that. FB I think I can't isolate the worst experience. I think the often-happening experience of feeling embarrassed, unsure. You know, and I'm also thinking of the same time, if you were to talk to other people, their eyes would be wide open because I had a defense mechanism of acting just the opposite that would make me the most outrageous. You know, it was my defense mechanism, you know, I'd straightened those shoulders out and make that spine straight and, you know, nobody would be able to tell it from the outside because of the defense mechanism was pretty strong. I've had people comment on the degree of confidence that they saw in me at various times and I always say, "Oh man, you should have been in this side of my eyes," you know. [Laughter] So my defense mechanism was successful, but it didn't deal with the inner turmoil. CY Yeah. [Laughter] I can identify with that. FB Yeah. CY So what would you describe as the values of [the Temple?]? FB Well, again, I have to look at the values of today because it has been in change and I think the values are back to God being misspelled, "Be good". And you know, that's just a simple word and I- But I think we all know what good is, because you can feel it when you do it. And it goes back to, "How would you like to be treated? What is it that you 15 �need? What are your needs that you would like to have fulfilled and are you capable of fulfilling somebody else's needs in those areas?" But sincerely, not the phony, you know? I say, "I love you," to a lot of people, but I think love is a word that has a different depths, different- I mean, it isn't like the love that I have for my son is not the love that I had for my dog, but yet we're still crying from July. And so, [laughter] you know, it isThere's kind of like a line. But I think sincerity. I cannot stand a phony. I can feel it. And I found with my students-maybe one of the reasons I had so much fun with them and so much luck-was that I was real. You know, I didn't-I always have said about selfesteem, "You want to build somebody's self-esteem, a student? Give them something hard to do and then help them find their way through it. And then they'll feel so good about it." You can tell your kid all you want that they're the handsomest, the smartest, the sweetest, and it's bull. That's why kids say, "Thanks mom," {laughter] you know. You help somebody do something difficult. And to me that's- Like when I worked with the B'not Mitzvah ladies, my friends, that joy was because they were joyful, you know. Theyone of them never thought that in her sermon she could get up and expose herself in that way. But I mean her speech was so beautiful and people were so moved by it. And what she got out of that was, you know, just huge. CY So what keeps you a member of this temple? FB Hmm. Well, my husband for one thing. [Laughter] He loves being treasurer so much he knows that if we quit we couldn't be. I couldn't as long as I draw breath and there's a facility here, even in the years that I didn't-I felt like I didn't need bricks and mortar and I didn't need a temple-I felt, both Rick and I felt a strong sense that we needed to keep it here for the people who needed the bricks and mortar. And that maybe we even needed it. [inaudible] I mean, Rick loves to come down to the Temple and [inaudible], you know, I- [Door knock and laughter] FB I said, "I feel like we've been going a really long time." MP You have. Everyone else is already switching out and so I'm just coming in to check. CY One and a half more questions. 16 �MP And if for whatever reason you need to, like come up with or whatnot, there's always that Wednesday. So it's okay to do that too. Rick's down there and he's like, "Fran's still going." FB You know and I said, "Boy, this feels like a really long time." And you know, Ah Hava Raba said [laughter], "Well, unless Marilyn comes in we're not in trouble." [Laughter] MP I have such power. FB So we've been waiting for you. I just wanted to see if I could- MP Could wait it out. FB Yeah, here's the problem. She's too good a listener. And I've away from teaching too long. And like when she gives me all of those nonverbal cues the direct eye contact, the nodding the head, the facial expressions. You really out did yourself. MP Chavala's good. FB I think this one is also very empathetic and she draws that out and it's dangerous because is it nightfall yet? What time is it? MP It's like 1:00. FB Okay. Oh good. When we had company coming at 3:00. MP Chavala has a second interview to do with Beaty. FB Okay. MP Beaty is also very chatty and has been getting the coffee going. [Laughter] FB I haven't had time to eat my bagel. CY I know! 17 �FB It's probably some hard old thing. CY I'm just watching the cream cheese harden on the edge. FB Wait, I thought you were listening to me. You just outted yourself. [Laughter] She has 71 teeth. [Laughter] "Hey Marilyn, did you notice she has a gold tooth?" CY All the things I've learned so far. [Laughter] FB: That is too funny. CY Alright. So, back to what keeps you a member here. FB I can't imagine, I could never-I like the fellowship and I don't even like to use that word to me it- I just have the connections here that it would never occur to me to exit this Temple. I get angry at certain things, but an exit strategy is not on my list. CY Yeah, it's good to have that center and base. Last question. FB Oh my God. CY How do you envision the future of B'nai Israel? FB You know, and I've kind of already answered that, but I could flush that out just a little bit more. I envision that there will be a point that Alan, he made a commitment to us to be here and I did the math, my little Goldie, will have her Bat Mitzvah with Rabbi. She's nine. But you know, the joke about 'plans are what God laughs at' and so never really knowing what's around the corner, what I feel like it as long as I'm still part of this I see us looking for a student rabbi, a visiting rabbi. I have seen other congregations that have been close to closing. I know some that have also too, and combined with others or just disappeared. But I have seen my niece's congregation in Flint their rabbi's gone, they got a student rabbi. They really, really liked this student rabbi, that student rabbi [was] really bolstering membership. I just see this existing. We do our best in this structure to keep it attractive and viable. It's a new parking lot out there. There was a new roof two years ago. We've always worried about not being able to pay for those very expensive things that are $23,000, $22,000, but it's almost like every time we get to that point and 18 �it's like, where's that coming from? Someone produces magic and we have angels that lived here at one time. Rick is very good at sending letters out to all of our members and past members. And in terms of money to keep going, I don't worry about that anymore. Not after what I've seen all these years. But one of our other members once posed a question that I found much more terrifying and that is 'What if we run out of people?' So when we see Marilyn and Ellen, when we see any younger faces, new people moving in, wanting to affiliate- We think what we have here is so special. Historic. Caring. That I want to see new people moving in and I want us to have the forward-thinking to allow those new people to do some leading. Not, "Oh, we've always done it this way," you know. Okay. That was my swan song. CY Thank you so much FB You're so welcome. Now I have to go down and put up with my husband. No, I have to go get my picture taken. CY Oh, that'll be fun. [Laughter] 19 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f35ceecfc27200f93174a9b30ff6bb0b.mp3 4f0e334a81cc38179aab2ae53bec1f5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_BoydenF_20181117 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boyden, Fran Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-11-17 Title A name given to the resource Fran Boyden (Audio interview and transcript), 2018 Description An account of the resource Fran Boyden was born in 1947 and has lived in Muskegon, Michigan her entire life. She spent almost 40 years as a teacher at Mona Shores. Having been a member of B'nai Israel from birth, the temple factored greatly in her experiences. In this interview, she discusses her personal and family history as well as memories of the temple and Muskegon Jewish community. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ymker, Chavala (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States--Personal narratives Muskegon (Mich.) Oral history Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Recorded for the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fc18f0ac8b846c4d3c1bc0756d04dcf9.mp4 848386dcaf25e9a8627d5c91dbb47b85 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/17f5989361587bb8779004fffef37b08.pdf 8e3f8371fc9124be7211a3b2890127c9 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Robert Boyer World War II 59 minutes 21 seconds (00:00:10) Early Life -Born on July 5, 1918 in Conway, Arkansas -His father was a Presbyterian minister -The family moved around quite a bit because of his father’s job -Moved into Kansas because his father worked for the University of Kansas -Then moved to Hastings, Nebraska -Then moved to Kansas City, Missouri -Then Vincennes, Indiana -Then Saginaw, Michigan -Graduated from high school in Saginaw, Michigan in 1936 -Went to the University of Michigan and got his bachelor’s degree in 1940 -Pursued his master’s degree and got that in 1941 -Planned to study law, then decided to study history and become a teacher (00:01:53) News of the War -He paid a lot of attention to the Nazis’ actions in Europe -He didn’t really think too much about the United States getting involved in the war (00:02:36) Life after the War Pt. 1 -He got a teaching job in Clyde, Ohio -Taught there from fall 1941 to spring 1942 then got drafted -After the war he returned to Clyde, Ohio and taught there for two more years -Then taught in St. Louis, Michigan -Moved to Rockford, Michigan and began teaching there in 1949 -Has lived there ever since (00:03:45) Start of the War -He was reading the Detroit Free Press and had the radio on -Heard news flash at 12:27PM on December 7, 1941 that Pearl Harbor had been bombed -He knew that he would probably get drafted after the school year ended in 1942 (00:04:18) Getting Drafted and Basic Training -He got drafted in June 1942 -He sworn into the Army in Detroit, Michigan -From Detroit he was sent to Fort Totten in New York City, New York -Became part of the coastal anti-aircraft artillery unit there -He was placed in the medical unit that was attached to the anti-aircraft artillery -Received some basic training -A few days of marching, and learning how to follow orders -There were some men with college degrees, others with high school diplomas -Most of the men were in their early twenties -The fort was in the northern part of Brooklyn -He was assigned to the 62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment �-Had 40mm and 90mm anti-aircraft guns as well as search lights -A few weeks later his training was done (00:07:56) Visiting New York City -He got to go into New York City almost every day -Men always took the chance to go into the city no matter how tired they were -They would take public transportation into the city -Movies, stage shows, coffee, and ice cream was free for soldiers in uniform -Even in some cases meals were free (00:09:44) Medical Training -He learned about basic first aid and how to administer shots -They had doctors as commanding officers -There were a few West Point graduates that were good men -They were considerate and reasonable -Several of the doctors had civilian careers and families -He felt bad for them because they had to stop their lives for the war (00:11:34) Life after the War Pt. 2 -He met his wife after he got back from the war -They met on Labor Day, got engaged by Thanksgiving, and got married in June (00:12:39) Deployment to Europe -Assembled in Camp Kilmer, New Jersey -They boarded the Queen Elizabeth and sailed overseas aboard her -It was her maiden voyage as a troop transport -There were still some luxury features that had not been removed -They travelled without an escort and zig-zagged to avoid U-Boats -They could outrun U-Boats -The voyage took five days -The waves were high -He was in the rear of the ship which was the best place to be -This was because there was very little up and down motion -The men that he was quartered with did not get seasick -They got fed in the ship’s dining area and got served actual food -They were fed three meals a day -They were allowed to go on the deck to get fresh air -Set sail on August 30, 1942 and arrived in the United Kingdom on September 6, 1942 (00:17:10) Stationed in the United Kingdom -They landed in Scotland -The Scots were welcoming and greeted them with tea and pastries -From Scotland they took a train down to southern England -Specifically to Salisbury, England -Their 40mm guns, 90mm guns, and searchlights were already there -The size of the regiment was 2,100 men -1 battalion for the 40mm, 1 battalion for the 90mm, 1 battalion for the searchlights -They were in Salisbury from September 7, 1942 to October 25, 1942 (00:19:28) Invasion of North Africa Pt. 1 -From Salisbury they took a train back up to Scotland -There were smaller boats waiting for them to invade North Africa �(00:19:44) Exploring England -They were allowed to go off the base into the town of Salisbury -He visited London at least six times -There were still air raids against London in 1942 -The area around St. Paul’s Cathedral was destroyed -He got to see #10 Downing Street, Prime Minister Churchill’s headquarters (00:21:38) Invasion of North Africa Pt. 2 -They boarded a smaller ship in Scotland that was part of a nine ship convoy -They sailed west into the Atlantic Ocean -There were rumors that they were sailing back to New York City -Eventually the convoy was joined by a Canadian corvette to defend them -More ships joined them that came from the United States and they sailed east -They landed at a place near Oran, Algeria -They passed through the Straits of Gibraltar -They were given French lessons on the voyage over -This was because they were invading a French territory -They sailed parallel to the coast while the Allied forces invaded -He saw the fighting that was happening on the beachhead -The Americans were engaging the Vichy French forces -After the fighting settled down they went ashore -The first night they were in Algeria a sandstorm hit them -They were stationed in a fort outside of Oran for two days (00:26:06) Stationed in Oran -They moved into Oran and established medical facilities in the city -They took over a garage and an office building for medical facilities -Their job was to treat the first casualties of the invasion -They slept in a building across from the improvised medical buildings -They stayed in Oran until spring 1943 -At 5AM each morning German aircraft would harass their positions -During one air raid the Germans managed to hit one of their 40mm gun positions -Killed a handful of men (00:28:54) Interactions with Civilians -There were a lot of Arabs in the area -The children would sell fruit to the American troops -The Arab civilians weren’t a problem -A lot of them were hired to do various menial tasks for the Americans -They welcomed the American soldiers -He didn’t see much of the French colonists or French soldiers -They basically disappeared after the invasion (00:30:54) Casualties in North Africa -They only sustained twenty casualties from German attacks -More men got killed or wounded from accidents -One man messed up a fuse on a shell and it detonated only 1 second after being fired -The explosion wounded seven men, but nothing life threatening -He helped to treat them -Traffic accidents were also a source of casualties �-Remembered once when a man hit a mule with his jeep -The jeep rolled over and the soldier was killed (00:33:30) Advancing Across North Africa -He didn’t see many high ranking officers while he was in North Africa -He does remember seeing General Eisenhower and Kay Summersby -They advanced across North Africa -Got into Tunisia in June 1943 and guarded B-17 airfield there (00:34:43) Invasion of Sicily -He took part in the invasion of Sicily in July 1943 -They landed at Licata, Sicily on July 23, 1943 a few hours after the invasion began -Advanced across Sicily towards the north -He saw Sicilian farmers threshing wheat by throwing it in the air to separate the chaff -They guarded piers, wharves, and airfields -Every morning German aircraft would harass their positions -Most likely just scouts because an actual attack would be suicidal (00:36:45) Contact with Sicilians -They had contact with the Sicilian civilians -The children were enthusiastic about being around the gun positions -It was initially considered suspicious -Thought that they were being used as pro-German informants -Suspicion was dispelled when a child turned in a German spy -They were allowed to visit the towns and the villages -He got to see Palermo because he was stationed there in November 1943 -The first night he was there he had to sleep in a flowerbed -There was very little fraternization with Sicilian women, or problems with drinking -Most of the men appreciated being allowed to explore freely -Didn’t want to lose that privilege (00:39:22) General Patton -In Palermo there was a Red Cross station that served ice cream and coffee -Remembers seeing General Patton at the Red Cross station and heard him talk -He had a surprisingly high voice -He stayed in Palermo for fifty weeks and saw Patton at least once a day -Patton ordered his men to salute the car when he passed -To avoid having to do that he would duck into a shop when he saw his car -He heard about Patton slapping a shell-shocked soldier in a hospital -Didn’t think much of it at the time -Led to Patton being reassigned to the 3rd Army -Also cost him his chance at leading soldiers into France on D-Day (00:43:08) Invasion of Southern France -Prior to the invasion of southern France he was sent over to mainland Italy -Sailed over to southern France and landed at Marseilles in August 1944 -It was an easier invasion than the others had been -The Germans were nearby, but retreated quickly (00:45:37) Stationed in Marseilles -He spent the winter of 1944 in Marseilles -They took over a university in Marseilles where they lived and worked �-They turned the physics building into a hospital -Their gun positions were set up in downtown Marseilles -They were allowed to visit downtown Marseilles -Because they were stationed in the university they were away from the corruption and crime -Their guns were guarding the harbor and the train station -German aircraft would occasionally buzz the area, but generally didn’t bother -He stayed in Marseilles until spring 1945 (00:48:20) Getting Commissioned -While the Battle of the Bulge happened he went to Paris to get a commission -The process involved taking an exam and being interviewed -He got stuck in Paris for about one week because it was too cloudy for aircraft -The commission was to get a position as a medical administrator -Once the weather cleared he flew back to Marseilles -A week later he found out that he passed the exam -If a need for a medical administrator arose he would be granted the position -But if he was granted the position it meant six more months of service -He didn’t get the position, and in retrospect is glad that he didn’t (00:52:11) Advancing into Germany -In spring 1945 they moved into northern France and crossed into Germany -Went into northeastern France and crossed the shattered Siegfried Line -All of northeastern France was war torn -He saw German cities in ruins -He didn’t see many German civilians -Took over intact, abandoned houses as they advanced (00:54:14) End of the War -When they war ended they were sent to Heidelberg -Stayed there for a few weeks (00:54:23) Coming Home -From Heidelberg he was sent to Paris, then to Le Havre and took a troopship home -The weather was good on the return voyage -Arrived in Boston and took a train to Evanston, Illinois to be discharged -Went to El Dorado, Kansas where his parents had moved -After seeing his parents he went back to teaching in Ohio in the fall of 1945 (00:56:25) Reflections on Service -It taught him patience and how to have a sense of humor with people -Taught him to appreciate different peoples and different cultures -Enjoyed being in the same area as his cousin while he was in Sicily -In general he had a good experience -Felt lucky all the way through his time in the Army � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BoyerR1740V Title A name given to the resource Boyer, Robert (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-04-02 Description An account of the resource Robert Boyer was born in Conway, Arkansas, in 1918. He moved around with his parents growing up before settling in Saginaw, Michigan. After graduating from high school in 1936 he attended the University of Michigan and graduated with a master's degree in history in 1941. He taught in Clyde, Ohio for a year before getting drafted in June 1942. He received basic training and medical training at Fort Totten, New York City, New York and was assigned to the 62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment. He was sent to the European Theatre on August 30, 1942 and would not see home for three years. During his time in the service he was stationed in England, Algeria, Tunisia, Sicily, mainland Italy, Marseilles, France and Heidelberg, Germany until the end of the war. He witnessed the invasion of North Africa, Sicily, and southern France, as well as the final Allied push into Germany. After the war ended he returned to the United States and was discharged from the Army in Evanston, Illinois in 1945. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boyer, Robert Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3f8ce963738c07d4630b02653b3ed84c.mp4 be674a4cd24e597d4fc8e266556edc55 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3b7c73e2ec7212abf0d73474e5ef40f7.pdf fe62d9f7007a0d7d3b94233324e76d8f PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: World War II Interviewee name: Gerald Bradley Length of Interview: (00:42:47) (00:15) Pre-Enlistment  Childhood o Gerald was born in Madison, Michigan on April 22, 1922.  Family o His father had an 80 acre farm and later worked for a machine company during the war.  Education o Gerald went to Sunnyside elementary school through 8th grade. o He then went to high school in Hudson where he played basketball and football. o Gerald graduated from high school in 1938 and began working on the family farm, as well as the machine factory with his father.  (13:06) Pearl Harbor Attacked o Gerald had been with his girlfriend and her family when Pearl Harbor was attacked. o They heard the news on her father’s car radio; at the time most cars did not have radios in them. o Gerald had been shaken up and went straight home to see his family. o His family was worried that he would soon be drafted. (14:30) Enlistment and Training  Background o Gerald had attempted to enlist in the Navy and Coast Guard many different times, but they had told him they could not take him because of his bad eyesight. o He was later invited to a town meeting by the Draft Board; at the meeting officers from all branches were telling him that he was the type of man they needed. o Gerald chose to enlist in the Army and ignored the other services that turned him down.  (16:50) Training 1943 o Gerald was sent on a train to Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri for training. o They often had night training exercises in the woods and were not able to catch up on sleep the next day. o They only trained for about a month before being sent across the Pacific. (20:20) Active Duty  (20:25) Australia o Gerald boarded a converted passenger ship and was assigned to the bottom deck. �o His bunk was right next to a large area that had been filled with concrete because it had been hit earlier in a torpedo attack. o They landed in the Northern part of Australia and the ship had got stuck in a sand bar. o Australian tug boats had to help get them out of the sand bar. o Gerald had been part of the 495th Engineer Battalion. o They traveled from Townsville to Brisbane, where they stayed for months working on stacking lumber.  (25:50) New Guinea o Gerald set up shop with other engineers where they worked on cars, tractors, etc... o They often had to build new gears for tractors because the old ones often failed. o Gerald worked about 30 hours a week and the tractors that took up most of his time were eventually discontinued. o He had never actually been in a combat zone, but could always hear firing in the distance. o They were issued weapons, but not given any ammunition and their officer only had one round. o Gerald worked on the island for one year, watching many planes and battles overhead. (34:05) After the Service  Going Home o After hearing the news that bombed had been dropped over Japan, Gerald and many others celebrated and drank for a week. o He arrived back in the US on Christmas Eve in 1945 and landed in San Diego. o Gerald took a train to Chicago where he was discharged.  Life later on o He then began working at Hillsdale Steel making auxiliary transmissions for trucks. o Gerald got married on April 20, 1946 and had two children. o He is now living at the Grand Rapids Veterans Home. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bradley, Gerald G. (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bradley, Gerald G. Description An account of the resource Gerald Bradley was born in Madison, Michigan on April 22, 1922. He graduated from high school in 1938 and attempted to enlist in the Navy and Coast Guard. Gerald was rejected due to his eyesight, but eventually enlisted in the Army in 1943. After training Gerald traveled with the 495th Engineer Battalion to Brisbane, Australia. They remained in Australia for months working before finally being transferred to New Guinea. In New Guinea Gerald worked for about a year repairing tractors and other machinery. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Coast Guard Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-08 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BradleyG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f14c7d8627cd5668f13f7efe3dc3b544.jpg 901ddbb9467bbc34307e33e606e40340 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Michigan Novels Collection. PS3539.H985 R4 1903 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0005 Title A name given to the resource The Red-Keggers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bradley, Will (Cover Designer) Description An account of the resource Binding of The Red-Keggers, by Eugene Thwing, illustrated by W. Herbert Dutton, published by Grosset & Dunlap, 1903. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0f2babb29d6ae5ebc3968ce8da9756a0.mp4 f43b35943cc5ff45a50c199d2068f1f4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/251aeecae97961c7a3b437aba5e4be8d.pdf 511339b3da0e46b24a4fcfe0ec4c6399 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Vietnam Bruce Brady Total Time (01:15:00) Background • • • • • • • He was born October 17, 1949 in Welch, West Virginia (00:20) His family moved to Winston-Salem, North Carolina when he was seven years old (00:30) o His father was a coal miner and the mines had shut down in West Virginia His father then became a barber (00:39) There were four boys in the family and he was the third (00:58) He finished high school in Kernersville, North Carolina (01:03) o He graduated in 1967 He was very aware of Vietnam and the draft o His older brother had been drafted and signed up for an extra year (01:25)  He worked in supply When he finished high school, he worked part-time jobs and tried to go to school at night (01:55) Enlistment/Training – (02:06) • • • • • • He was drafted October 6, 1969 (02:12) He was sent to Charlotte, North Carolina for his physical examination (02:32) o There were nineteen in his group o He was aware of men attempting to fail their physical They were then bused to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and arrived at 01:00 A.M. (03:21) o When they arrived it was extremely loud o It quickly went from civilian life to military life When he got to Fort Bragg, they began with processing and testing (04:05) o He was offered helicopter school o His mindset was that he would take what they would give him (04:34) His group was immediately stationed to a bunk where they received two or three hours of sleep (04:50) Once the processing was done, basic training was a lot of class time, physical training, weapon training, and other busy activities �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o He was in good shape when he entered (05:27) The discipline was not hard to get used to because he was a quiet individual (05:45) There were other men there that were having a much harder time o Some of the men had a hard time with the physical part and others that could not keep up with the mental aspects (06:07)  There were some men from Puerto Rico that had been drafted • They were straight from Puerto Rico, rather than Puerto Ricans from New York or elsewhere (06:39) The majority of the men were from the Northeast and the South There were very few black men (07:27) His drill sergeant was an E-6 o He was an extremely fair sergeant o He was an excellent teacher When he grew up he did some hunting and trapping which helped him in basic training (08:19) o He was using the right techniques His sergeant had been in Vietnam but did not say much about it (08:41) He was sent to Fort McClellan, Alabama for Advanced Individual Training (AIT) (09:24) Fort McClellan was in much worse condition than Fort Bragg had been In AIT, there was little class work and the physical training was much more difficult (10:13) o Every Saturday they did a 20 mile forced march, during the week they would do escape and evasion, river crossings, helicopter training, etc. (10:23)  During escape and evasion they would have men actually looking for them His instructors were men that had been to Vietnam (10:55) o One of them had been shot in Vietnam and received a wound in the neck  His picture was on the cover of LIFE magazine in February of 1966 (11:17) All of the training was geared for Vietnam The training in the mountains helped him physically but the other training was completely different from the reality of Vietnam They trained on all small arm weapons, M-16, M-14, M-60, M-79, .50 caliber machine gun, and many others (12:47) The forest where he trained was dense (13:45) o There were areas that were swampy as well  Some of the men would fall through the ice in the swamps during training o He was never caught in escape and evasion during his training (14:40) The AIT was from December until April (14:54) o He then received a leave until Vietnam �• • • • • • He flew out of Greensboro, North Carolina and traveled to Oakland, California (15:16) o He was in Oakland for two days o They had instructions to not bring much to Oakland In Oakland, the troops stayed in one place and were there until they heard their names read off (16:00) At this point he had no expectations of Vietnam He remembers serving food to returning soldiers and they appeared to be “spacey” He then took a commercial aircraft with 250 other GIs (17:21) o Soldiers were in their jungle fatigues (17:35) His flight path was from Oakland to Anchorage, Alaska, to Tokyo, Japan, and then on to Vietnam (17:47) o In Alaska there was a two hour layover that he was able to get off the plane for Active Duty – Part I – (18:08) • • • • • • • • • • • • He landed at Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam (18:15) o They landed during the day On the plane's descent, because of his window seat, he could see small arms firefights (18:28) o He realized that “this was the real thing” When the door opened the heat was stifling and could almost take a persons breath away (18:46) When they exited they were processed and began Vietnam training o They were learning about the climate, sickness, etc. and how to deal with them (19:06) They were then assigned to their units He remembers taking a shower at one point and then realized a Vietnamese woman was cleaning the shower He spent three or four days in Cam Ranh Bay (20:17) He knew that he was in the 101st Airborne When he received the travel orders, he was told to go to an airstrip to see if any aircraft were going in the direction that he needed to go in (20:39) o He first took a C-130, which took him part of his way north When waiting for his next plane, he could hear the bombing, fighting, and air strikes o He also noticed that they were bringing in body bags (21:32) o He did not dwell on it From there he was taken on a chopper another 30-40 miles north (22:02) He was approached by a Loach pilot and was asked if he would go and help him load supplies in the field (22:19) o There were three cases of dynamite � • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • He was supposed to throw two cases out of the right and one out of the left o One of the units threw smoke grenades so that they knew where to throw the dynamite packages (23:06) o By the time he was at the third package he was struggling because it was so heavy He eventually found a ride to Camp Evans (23:52) At Camp Evans he had been assigned to A Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment (24:10) All of the companies were in the field when he arrived (24:18) They remained in their hold pattern until they were assigned to a platoon (24:38) He was sent out to join a unit in the field He was flown out by a supply chopper It was very mountainous and jungle-like (25:28) o There were bare spots in the land where he realized where that was where they would land When they landed, they were approached by their platoon leader (26:21) o He did not know it, but the soldiers in the field hated to be resupplied because it gave away their position (26:30) He is introduced to all of the other soldiers and then they disperse They are told by their platoon leader that they are going to become RTOs (Radio Transmitter Operators) (26:54) o He was already carrying all of the weight that an infantry soldier was loaded with  He told Lieutenant Noll that he was not sure if he could carry all of that weight when Lt. Noll responded, “Well, you can walk point.” (27:21)  He realized that he would become the RTO His platoon stayed at the LZ for the whole night (27:39) They were hit the next morning because of the supply chopper the day before o They were hit with RPG’s (Rocket Propelled Grenades) (28:00) The first night in Vietnam he was scared but he also thought that they were all in this together At this point he is working as the RTO After the initial RPG hit, his platoon got up and were on the move (30:08) o The weather was absolutely miserable – it was hot and it was at an average of 100 degrees o It rained every day at 16:00 (30:25) o The terrain was extremely mountainous (30:39) o They would often have to cut their own trails o There were vines that had a hook on it that would catch on soldiers  Soldiers would have to freeze and reverse their steps to get the hook out otherwise it would rip you open (31:01) o The insects were horrible (31:09) His company commander was Captain Burkhart (31:23) �• • • • • • • • • • • • o He forced the company to make safe movements (31:57) o There was contact under Cpt. Burkhart, but it was lighter and less frequent than others He stayed in the field for 90 days (32:22) Cpt. Burkhart was with his unit for nearly two months (33:19) The daily routine was moving every day o They were occasionally hit – it was always a hit and run (34:31) o One time they were on the ridgeline of a bombed hill where an individual was hit in the thigh from an air strike 1,500 meters away o There were times where they would sit for some time and ambush the enemy (35:14) His unit had many injuries There was one occasion where they were digging in for the night and half of the soldiers would go out and set claymores and trip flares (36:18) o One soldier accidentally tripped a flare and the sergeant threatened to kill the soldier (36:46) o He then took his M-16 and put it in the ear of the sergeant who was threatening the other soldier (37:12)  The Sergeant was taken out of the field soon after that As an RTO, his objective was to follow Sergeant Ames, his squad leader (37:54) o All of the communication was through the platoon leaders He was eventually switched to serve as the RTO for Lt. Noll Lt. Noll was very good and level-headed, seemed like he cared about his troops, and he was calm and collected (38:40) The majority of the RTO communication came at night (40:17) o They would call in every hour to make sure their position was secure He averaged around four or five hours of sleep every night (40:49) o He was an extremely light sleeper One night his platoon set up further up the hill than the NVA o The NVA began firing mortars up the hill at Ripcord  Lt. Noll called in gunships – the firing stopped after that (42:20) The majority of the nights were quiet even though it was the most feared time o It was very helpful when there was a full moon at night because the soldiers could see around them (43:03) o When the moon was not out, it became extremely difficult to see anything Active Duty – Part II – (43:25) • When Lt. Hawkins took over the company, they became more aggressive (43:30) o He initially thought that it was too aggressive because they were losing too many men o They were going out on ambushes more often (44:00) o He was forced to go out on the majority of the ambushes because he was the RTO �• • • • • • • • • • • • During one ambush he saw some lights in the distance and called them in to the base atop the hill o The base fired rounds on the lights and they eventually went out (46:35)  He called and told the base that the lights had gone out o Nearly an hour later the lights came back on  They fired another round that hit the tree that he was sitting at (47:03) o The men his platoon woke up and were screaming (47:16) o They fired nearly ten more rounds and the lights never came back on o The enemy had been moving ammo during the night One day they came across a bunker system that was underground (49:28) o They spread powder gas that would not allow the NVA to use the bunkers for months At this point he was concentrating on his job and not necessarily on the enemy (50:54) o Communication was extremely vital o He was carrying the radio, multiple batteries, eleven quarts of water, and all of his regular equipment as well (51:16) o He carried the same equipment as a rifleman They were resupplied by choppers every three or four days (51:50) o They would catch water from rainfall o When they crossed rivers some of the men would fill up their water bottles  Some of the men did not use iodine tablets [to purify water] and got sick (52:07) He knew about Firebase Ripcord at this time (52:25) o He knew of other Firebases as well Soldiers were often times taken out of the field and stationed at a Firebase for thirty days to get some kind of a break (52:59) He was then stationed at Firebase O’Reilly (53:04) o He was at O’Reilly from the end of June until July 10th or 11th  They were taken off because Charlie Company had been hit hard  Charlie Company had been hit hard on Hill 902 on July 2nd (53:24) When he was on O’Reilly, they received intelligence that Firebase Ripcord was going to start getting hit around July 1st (54:18) At this point they were all thinking that it could get bad He was then sent back out to the field He was only on Firebase Ripcord for one day (54:43) o He had gone to Ripcord long before they had been sent to Firebase O’Reilly When he left O’Reilly, he went near Hill 805 (55:46) o At this time he did not know what their mission was o They were supposed to take Hill 805 and began operating from there (55:58) o There were already fox holes in the area from previous units being there o When they arrived they were ambushed (56:16) �Active Duty – Part III – Ambush and Final Days of Service – (56:17) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The ambush was against Lieutenant Noll and the RTO’s (56:28) He was able to duck into a foxhole where he gave the radio to Lt. Noll and he was able to fire against the enemy (57:02) o When this happened there was an explosion off to the side that hit both of them with shrapnel (57:13) o The enemy hit and ran – the fight did not last long o When the medic came over he said, “Brady, this is your ticket out of here.” (58:01) o Lt. Noll had been hit in the back of the leg He is taken out by medevac and the wind was extremely rough (59:30) The flight out was extremely rough on the trip out He was taken to Camp Evans at a field hospital (01:00:11) They were taken into an aid station where he was then transferred to Da Nang, Vietnam (01:00:22) o He was on a litter and knew that he should be at Da Nang when he looked over his side and only saw water (01:00:50) o He had actually been taken to a hospital ship He was taken into a medical room where a doctor looked him over (01:01:09) He asked why he was there and the doctor just told him that they were going to take care of him They eventually sent him to Da Nang and then on to the 249th Hospital in Tokyo, Japan (01:01:30) In Da Nang he saw a man that was burned from head to toe (01:02:15) o He had traveled to Tokyo with the man to make sure he was comfortable At this point he was bandaged up (01:02:44) o They would change the bandage three times every day Once he arrived in Tokyo, he was placed in ward with 100 patients o The doctor and the registered nurses would come around at least twice a day (01:03:26) o When he first arrived he had to give blood He eventually had to go in for surgery When he was there he would get up and help the other soldiers that could not move (01:04:20) He remembers many wounded men from A Company coming in as well He was in the hospital in Japan for thirty-one days (01:06:18) When he was on recovery he was told that he was being sent to a re-assignment station the next morning (01:06:49) o When he arrived at the re-assignment station he goes to check in and was told that, because he was drafted, would not have to go back to Vietnam because he had been in the hospital for over thirty days (01:07:18) He was told that he could end up in five different locations o He told them that he would take any one of them (01:07:55) �• • • • • • • He found out that he would be stationed at Fort Carson, Colorado He was told to report to Fort Carson on September 1, 1970 (01:08:17) When he was processed he was told that he had another year to go and did not have any leave time remaining o He had his convalescent leave taken from him (01:08:44) At Fort Carson they played war games o He was on a mechanized APC (Armored Personnel Carrier) (01:08:55) o The first week he was out he woke up and had four inches of snow on him He was with the 4th Infantry at this point (01:09:20) o He was a rifleman o He would pull guard duty, KP (Kitchen Police) duty, and other E-4 duties (01:09:38) He was left at an E-4 because the military believe that he was going to get out of the service One morning the draftees were told to pull to the side and clear post in five days (01:10:44) o He cleared post in four hours After the Service – (01:11:04) • • • • • • • • When he went home he had to find work because he had a wife and child to provide for (01:11:14) He went to an electrical contractor and became an electrician o He went through a four year apprenticeship (01:11:33) o The G.I. Bill helped pay for this o He was working during the day and doing the apprenticeship at night During Vietnam he did not have contact with his family members (01:12:00) o He had contact with his wife but no family members While he was gone his wife was still in school and eventually finished when he was in Vietnam He finished his career as an electrician (01:12:48) He worked eventually began working in the [VA] hospital system (01:13:00) o He was a two point preference employee because of his service and Purple Heart o He saw many patients from war – he saw soldiers from Korea and some from Vietnam His wife left him and he became a single parent with two children (01:13:36) o He changed jobs because he thought moving closer to his wife’s family because he thought it would help the problems – Unfortunately it did not work (01:13:57) He is extremely thankful for his time in the service and tries to treat everyone very respectfully o He still hurts over the men who were lost (01:14:39) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brady, Bruce (Interview outline and video), 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brady, Bruce Description An account of the resource Bruce Brady was born in 1949 in Welch, West Virginia. His family was forced to relocate to North Carolina where he eventually graduated from high school in 1967. He was drafted on October 6, 1969 and was sent to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and to Fort McClellan, Alabama for training as an infantryman. Sent to Vietnam after training, he was assigned to A Company, 2/506 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division. On joining his unit, he became a radio operator for his squad, and later for his platoon. His unit participated in the campaign around Firebase Ripcord for several months. He was wounded in an ambush in July, 1970, and sent to Japan for treatment, and served out the last part of his enlistment at Fort Carson, Colorado. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-10-06 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BradyB1447V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b712e7c8af4ace4ee570701dc38a26cf.mp4 eb4cde0f38744b3e3bcc8fbfc37af9ce https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1d81a6c7469e0b35d60e784c2be3d5a7.pdf 0b3dc8880c4a0d19fc53fcf978e5a2e9 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Other veterans & civilians Interviewee name: Robert Brady Length of Interview: (00:16:28) Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Robert Brady Length of Interview (00:16:28) Background and Training (00:00:00) Born in Toledo, Ohio, 1934 Went to college Wasn’t drafted, nor enlisted because he joined the Naval Officers Training Corps in college (00:00:25)  Allowed him a deferment until finishing college; given commission Had to do two years of active duty and six years reserve duty  Did this when he was 22 or 23; in the U.S. Navy Planned on going to Graduate School, but had to give it up Went through various training (00:01:38)  ROTC: took a three hour college course to learn Navigation, Combat Information Center, various Naval procedures; three years  Did training during service not during college Trained as Atomic/Biological/Chemical Warfare Officer, protects the ship from these type of attacks (00:02:20) Took training on how to fix damage aboard ship Boat Wave Officer, as well (00:03:05)  Made sure the other ships hit the line of demarcation, all in line, and hit the breach at the same time �Oxford, Ohio for four years of course work; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for training (00:03:30)  In training for six months There was no conflict at the time (00:04:06) Stationed at Little Creek, VA where the amphibious force was located (00:04:15) Lebanon (00:04:30) Was once shipped out to Lebanon due to civil unrest occurring there  Six hundred Marines to “deter” them Was in the Mediterranean during the conflict Onboard an LST, 11-71 (00:05:34)  A big empty tank deck that carried tanks, trucks, and missile launchers; a very large ship that could be beached Was turned around and anchored in Crete (a Greek Island), instead; waited for the conflict to dissolve Base Life (00:06:43) Enjoyed living at the base; had a bachelor’s office Got married after a year and moved off the base Had good food both at the base and onboard  Had Filipino cooks on ship Had a normal workdays, 8AM-4PM, onboard; sometimes “officer of the deck”, steer the ship and radar (00:08:08)  Would watch movies and play cards in spare time  Didn’t have much spare time, too many duties  When on base, would go off-base during free time in Norfolk Made many close friends (00:09:30)  Had to be close because they depended upon each other �During the Lebanon Conflicts, they would have sent in 600 Marines plus tanks; had been relieved when turning back to the U.S. (00:11:00) After Service (00:11:35) Went back into Graduate School after service and got a degree in Oxford, Ohio Had to cancel his Wedding once because of the Lebanon Conflict (00:12:25) Got a Bachelor’s Degree in Geology and a Master’s Degree in Business and wanted to work for and Oil Company but worked at a Pharmaceutical Company, instead (00:13:23) Matured when in the Navy, mainly because of the duty “Officer of the Deck”; responsibility for a multi-million dollar ship and 600 lives (00:14:35) Most memorable moments: cancellation of his wedding and when being discharged (00:15:20)  Had to be “clothes-lined” to another ship when being discharged from the Mediterranean � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brady, Robert Howes (Interviewer outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brady, Robert Howes Description An account of the resource Robert Brady took ROTC training while in college and joined the US Navy in 1956. He served for three years in various capacities, including duty on an LST in the Mediterranean during the Lebanon Crisis. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Combs, Cam (Interviewer) DeVries, T.J. (Interviewer) McMannus, Susan Forest Hills Eastern High School (Ada, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-06-04 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BradyR Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d33120685eed7ff15b821feea8e8183f.mp4 01801c81bb1423e2a126799583b766a1 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/24967c4492ba63c27dfc71f4c43a84c1.pdf 01b060bef4047ac4ae2130d4c42af20d PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Vietnam War Loren Brand Length of interview (02:05:07) Background Information: (00:30)      Born November 23, 1943 in Niles, Michigan Currently lives in Ludington, Michigan Interviewer served with Brand in the Marines and FBI for a number of years Brand was a Marine Officer, discharged at the rank of Captain Served in the Aviation end of the Marine Corps. Pre-Enlistment: (01:50)  Entered the Marine Corps in 1966  Was in college at Michigan State University, transferred from North Texas State University in 1963  After 5 years in college, he was sent notifications about the draft. He had registered for the draft in Texas, (02:56)  Received notification to take his pre-draft physical (03:47)  While walking across campus he came across the officer recruitment agents. He checked with the Air Force and Navy but was told that his Business major did not really qualify him with enough mathematics and science. (04:54)  Remembers the Marines being very impressive. He “loved the uniform”, and was told to take the exam. (05:22)  Did quite well on the exam, decided to avoid the draft by signing up to join the OCS after graduation.  Was assigned to an Officer Candidate Class in October of 1966 (05:51)  Had a summer off after graduation before entering the Marine Corps, in which he met his wife and became engaged to her. (06:11)  Had injured a knee while attempting to get in shape during the summer and so had a difficult time with the physical training. (06:28) Training and Flight Training: (06:30)  After completing training, became a Second Lieutenant on December 16th of 1966—also was married the next day to his wife, Tamara, who he has been with for 43 years. (06:54)  Was then assigned to Flight School in Pensacola, Florida after a 20 day leave. (07:04)  Upon arrival in Pensacola, the aviation classes were full, so he needed to wait almost three months. o Classes were 50 per squadron o Went through Primary Flight, then into flying the T-34 Mentor (07:52) �o o         Each class was made up of Navy and Marines Took the physical test there (08:37)  Running the obstacle course, doing pushups and situps Entered the first stages of flight school in April of 1967 (09:28) Remembers the entrance meeting to flight school (09:37) o The meeting was standard, guest speakers, expected behavior o “Brought in a hero to get us pumped up” o „Hero‟ was a Lieutenant Commander who flew F-8 Crusaders. He had been assigned to a photo-reconnaissance unit, who would make a low, fast pass to photograph the damage done during bomb runs. (10:31) o Was a very dangerous job. o Remembers that the man‟s first statement was that he wanted to address the Marines in the audience. He said “I want to tell you something right now, gentlemen. Look to your right, and look to your left. One of you three is not going to make it through alive should you get your wings.” (11:11) Remembers his first landing o After logging 9 hours of flight, he was able to land his aircraft solo. (12:51) o The tradition afterwards was to buy your instructor a bottle of their favorite liquor o Then came other training, such as aerobatics, maneuvering (14:17) Describes another plane he flew: o T-28 Trojan, equivalent to WWII fighters. Further describes the plane in detail. (15:10) o Describes flight route (15:46) o Also flew VT-2, description (16:05) Did very well in the first few stages of flight training and was assigned to a VT-3 (16:42) o Completed the VT-3 training in 10 months o Remembers this stage being very stressful as his wife was pregnant during Scored the highest ever scored on one of his flights, something that had never done before (19:07) At the end of training, your total composite scores from pre-flight, primary flight, advanced flight were taken into account, and a number score was assigned. o Talks about the scores necessary for certain jobs in certain branches. (20:45) Only one Marine was taken for actual planes, the rest were told they could drop out of flight school or join rotary wing, and fly helicopters. (21:55) Helicopter Training: (21:56)  The first helicopter used for training was the Bell TH-13-M. o Was the classic „bubble‟ helicopter that can be seen on MASH (22:14)  Describes the helicopter further  An incident during training, Brand was scheduled for a solo flight; he was there on time and did everything he was supposed to. (23:34) o He went out to a practice area, (Pensacola, Florida) and there was no one there (24:34) o He completed his training and headed back, and notices that everything is tied �     down; the only people around are a few frantically waving ground crew. o As soon as he shut down the helicopter, he was told by Navy personnel, to see the commanding officer immediately. (25:40) o He was immediately yelled at, and after explaining that he was scheduled for a flight, and had a green light from the tower, and he was told that he was lucky to have returned alive, because all flights had been canceled due to monsoon activity. The next stage of flying was the H-34, describes the helicopter Tells of the incident of his final flight check, where his instructor was very distracting and attempted to make him lose concentration. Shortly after he passed the check, he was awarded his wings (30:11) Brand‟s wife had flown home to have their first son, Jefferson, due to the threat of some complications which never occurred Brand had his wings ceremony on May 10th of 1968 (30:39) o Afterwards, Brand collected his family and went to his first post in South Carolina, where he was to train in the CH-53 Became a first lieutenant while in South Carolina, and then was scheduled for leave and then to depart for Vietnam. (32:13) Vietnam (32:34)  Flew out of South Bend Municipal Airport for San Francisco to go to Travis Air force Base  Brand thinks that was when it hit him that he was going to Vietnam, he had been prepared for the inherent dangers of flight, but not for the dangers of warfare while flying  The flight itself took about 20 hours, but was uneventful. o Landed in Okinawa, Japan for about a week before going to Da Nang, Vietnam (34:24)  By the time he arrived in Da Nang, it was a very powerful military presence, and not usually attacked, but he was ready to be attacked at any point  Describes the different kinds of transportation sent for the different branches of the military.  Not 45 minutes after arriving at the Marine base called Marble Mountain, there was an enormous explosion, and while they ran to the bunker, the captain knocked himself out when he hit his head on the overhanging door. (38:48) o The explosion turned out to be dynamite from the mining of Marble Mountain, and the men hadn‟t been there long enough to know the difference between mining explosions and artillery.  The next day they were told the only way to get to their duties, some 75 miles north, was to find their own ride. (40:20) o They found a CH-46 and “hitched a ride” o Checked into their respective squadrons—he joined HMH463 (40:57) o HMH stands for Helicopter Marine Heavy (41:06)  First Flight in Vietnam (41:58) o Heavy Lifters were to fly ammunition to a remote landing zone on the DMZ at night o Carrying sling-loads of 155 artillery rounds �o             The only light they had to maneuver by was a single flashlight on the ground (43:24) o His partner, a warrant officer, told him they would, instead of moving the ammunition to the landing pad, would move it to the gun site Brand only flew about 25 missions (44:06) He and 5 others were called into the CO‟s office and were told they were needed elsewhere (44:28) o More experienced pilots were needed for the squadron Brand remembers that only he and a captain, out of the six, came out okay (45:39) The six of them were moved over to the CH-46 squadron o Squadron 265 Brand was preceded into Vietnam by “a matter of three weeks” by one of his best friends (47:15) o William Hale was his name—nicknamed “Willie T”  The only bachelor in the group of Brand‟s six military friends, their wives were always trying to fix him up  He was very cheerful and always upbeat (48:27) o Brand flew out to see Hale about two months before Hale went to Vietnam  Brand remembers for the first time since knowing Hale, he was “despondent”  There were problems with the tail-end of the CH-46 falling off, which Hale was to fly (49:46)  Brand reassured Hale—“Flying in combat is 90 percent boredom and 10% stark terror” (50:36) Brand had been sent to the new squadron to replace William Hale, who had been killed (50:56) o When Brand checked in, he received all of Hale‟s bedding, his locker, helmet, ect. o Brand remembers being very religious, and praying during spare time for his safety (52:42) Brand began getting “Maintenance Hops” to learn how to fly the CH-46 o A maintenance hop is when a helicopter has been repaired, it has to be tested o Brand had less than 50 hours of maintenance hops (54:19) Brand tells a story of a combat mission (55:02) o Brand was not technically in command, but called all the shots (57:15) o The major with them was frightened the entire time, although they were not hit (57:59) A few weeks later an entire crew was lost o The hydraulics went out and there was no way to land safely (59:00) Brand remarks on his religious attitude at the time (59:58) o “The off-time was worse than the flying time” Brand made Aircraft Commander by early November, only a few months after he had transitioned to the CH-46 (01:02:35) o Flight Commander by January o Division Commander by late February Brand had a couple crew-chiefs wounded (01:03:13) �        o Story about inserting troops into a “hot area” Military had designed the Ziploc bag for holding documents (01:09:25) Worked in the flatlands and in the DMZ (01:16:12) o When the weather became cooler, they could fly at higher altitudes o 1969: told he would be trained as an Embarkation Officer, explained o Was told when he was training in Okinawa, his wife could stay with him Brand returns from training in Okinawa and resumes his duties. o Flight story about a difficult maneuver (01:21:02) o Army “Rule of Flying” (01:27:21) June of 1969- moved to Iwo Jima (01:29:02) o “Bald Eagle” missions o Vietnam at night had no lights, had to fly without aircraft lights Story about another marine, John Prombo (01:33:51) o Unusual weather pattern o Last they ever heard of that flight Story about the end of Brand‟s tour (01:39:24) o 2-3 weeks until the end o “Button Hook Landing” explained (01:44:21) Once Brand left the marines and joined the FBI, he was talked into going back to church (1:51:32) o Story about getting his faith back Returned home in October of 1969 (01:55:01) o Rejoined a tactical squadron that supported the western White House, flew the Secret Service, Presidential baggage o Put in for a regular Marine Officer, and also for the FBI—1970 Finishing Remarks  Brand talks about his sons (01:58:35) o Elder son graduated from the Air Force Academy o Younger son joining the FBI � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brand, Loren (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brand, Loren Description An account of the resource Loren Brand entered the Marine Corps in 1966, and attended college at Michigan State University and North Texas University. He was trained in aviation and served in the Vietnam War as a helicopter pilot. After the war he became an FBI agent. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Erichsen, Wallace (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine Corps Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-05-15 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BrandL Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/446626cc94678a24d70c909525e421d1.pdf c85300098517d754a7e41d7ab6ca0250 PDF Text Text Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department Jerry Brandel Interview Total Time – (1:09:11) Interviewed by Walter Urick, February 12, 2016 Family Background • He was born February 28, 1945 in Muskegon, Michigan • His grandparents lived on a 20 acre farm north of Hart, Michigan o They had 9 children, with Jerry’s father being one of them • Jerry’s father was Herbert Brandel o On their 20 acre fruit farm, they grew cherries, apples, and peaches • Jerry’s father came from Muskegon to Hart and bought a fruit farm in 1945 when Jerry was a baby o Farm was located on 84th Ave. and Fox • Jerry has been in the area for 70 years • Jerry’s mother was Ruth Samantha Jacobs o She was in the top 20 of her class in 1927 at Hart High School • Jerry had one brother, Richard, and also an adopted sister, Marilyn • Jerry bought the current property that he’s on when he was a senior in high school in 1962 o He paid $6,500 for 80 acres o He bought it with a land contract at 3% interest Childhood Memories – (4:20) • He grew up in Hart and has been there all of his life • He went to the one room school there called Danielson School o He had to walk half a mile there and back every day • When he was around 8 or 10 years old, he had to start doing chores o He had to feed and water the cattle at a barn and at home o Eventually he had to milk the cows too • When he was 16 his brother went into the army, and Jerry was the only one home with his dad then • He had to milk 24 cows by himself o He would get up at 6:00am and end up with 40 gallons of milk o He would separate the skim milk from the cream, and then would feed the skim milk to the pigs 1 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • • • • • o It took about an hour to milk the two dozen cows By 9:00am he was at the cherry orchard o He’d drive to Hart or Shelby and unload all the lugs of cherries He’d get home about 10:00pm, eat supper, go to bed, and then do it all again the next morning for about 6-8 weeks Jerry’s father was the principal at Walkerville High School during the first year of his farm (1945) because the crops froze out o His father had the farm paid off by the second year though (1946) because of the big cherry crop o His father went back to teach at Walkerville for five more years when he was about 60 years old Jerry’s father was a schoolteacher for 20 years, and Jerry’s mother taught for 36 years o His mother taught at the middle school in Shelby o She would take Jerry to school every day when he was 4 years old o He was then a student there through 7th grade When Jerry was 7 years old, he’d pick two lugs of cherries in both the morning and night, and he got paid 50 cents a lug to pick them ($2 a day) o He bought his first bicycle for $42 in Hart when he was 7 years old Becoming Involved in Farming – (10:20) • When he was 13 years old, he bought 60 acres with his brother near Pentwater for $10 an acre o They planted 10,000 Christmas trees on it o Three years later he sold that farm and split the money with his brother, using his half to buy his current farm at 17 years old • He graduated from Hart High School in 1963 and went on to Michigan State University for a two-year agricultural course • After his schooling, he went into partnership for 10 years with his dad and brother o They farmed from when he was 20 to 30 years old, roughly from 1965-1975 o They had 2,500 acres all together, all in Oceana County o Their largest piece was a 500 acre section in Hart • Cherries were the biggest crop for their partnership o 150 acres of cherries o 40 acres of apples o 20 acres of peaches o At least 500 acres of Christmas trees 2 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • They tapped 3,600 taps to make maple syrup too, and Jerry was the head of this Farming on His Own – (15:06) • The partnership ended in 1975 when Jerry decided that he wanted to be on his own • He started growing 150-200 acres of pickles • He had bought other farms since the original 80 acres, adding up to about 800 acres • He also had cattle, hay, and pigs • He chose his cash crop to be pickles because he got along well with the migrant workers o He saw that when the cherry season ended around August 1, the migrant workers had nothing left to do o So he wanted to use the time that they had that last month before they went back to school to give them work with his pickle crop • The largest quantity of pickles he ever grew at one time was about 300 acres • All the pickles were harvested by hand The Migrant Workers – (18:00) • Oceana County had families coming from Tennessee and Arkansas who were white, non-Hispanics o They’d come to pick cherries for six weeks and then go back home • There would be African American families coming the 36 miles from Muskegon who wanted to pick cherries too • A woman named Ruth Coleman would come with 35 people with her in a bus, and they housed them in a labor camp o Jerry owned this camp then • When Jerry was about 15 years old, he would keep track of the amounts of cherries picked by people and would have to pay them every Saturday • The non-Hispanic work force was around 25-30 people o These people did not like the pickle harvesting work because it was too hard for them • The Hispanic migrant workers started coming to work in the late 50s and early 60s • They would come from Florida or Texas in big canvas-topped trucks o Crew leaders would bring 50-60 people in one truck • During the Mexican fiestas, the people would come out of those trucks in nice clothes and ready to dance o That was the migrant people’s culture • Jerry employed around 60-70 Hispanic people during his pickle operations 3 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department Farming Challenges – (24:53) • There were problems with drought and hot temperatures • In 1980, there were 22% bank interest rates o Jerry had to borrow $100,000 because he had lost money on the pickle crop one year • In 1976, Jerry was investigated for child labor in the fields o He got sued, and it took six years to get to the federal court o After an appeal, Jerry was the only person who has ever won that o Walter Urick was Jerry’s attorney • Jerry stopped farming pickles because they were costly to grow and a profit couldn’t be made • He then started into the broker business of doing the pickle selling for other farms or sheds o He usually gets around $200-400 per load that he sells for others o He knows the business and coordinates it all Relationship to the Migrants – (30:42) • There was an abundance of Mexican migrant workers coming in the late 60s and early 70s • They would come out of desperation because school was out o They would just show up because they didn’t know who to go to • Migrant organizations would call around to see if anyone had work for these migrants who needed jobs and housing • Jerry housed migrants and had them work in his pickle fields • Jerry wanted to increase the pickle market, so he started buying other farmers’ pickles as well as having his contract with Heinz • Jerry used to have strawberry acreage, and 350 migrants would show up to pick strawberries o It would spread by word of mouth that there was work at Jerry Brandel’s strawberry farm, and they’d come • He got along well with the migrants, and if there was conflict, they would compromise well 4 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • Jerry knew that he needed to settle misunderstandings because he had their goodwill, and he and they were all there to make money Migrant Housing and Living – (34:20) • The housing had to be licensed by the state of Michigan and meet standards • The housing was free to the migrants, which attracted workers to come • Jerry’s people had to maintain the housing themselves • The people who had trouble with the migrants were those who tried to cheat them somehow, by shorting how much they worked or picked • The migrants would have to be trained on how to best pick the pickles and maintain their sections of the fields • At this time there was no food stamp program, and people were so poor that they’d do whatever they needed to survive Jerry’s Family – (39:58) • He has two boys and one girl o Art is 47, Alan is 40, and Kathy is 44 • Art farms at the family place part-time • Alan is in Alabama, working for a 3,000 acre farm in the pickle business • Kathy is a schoolteacher in Hart Oceana Community – (41:24) • Jerry would like to see the Historical Society and the records to continue on for years • He also wants the county fair to continue running o He served 22 years on the livestock committee, promoting the 4-H program • The cell phone business has transitioned in to life now • Jerry farmed pickles for 17 years in Mexico o He would be there for 2-3 weeks at a time o They quit that business 3 years ago because of too many dangers and cartels o They had rented land there to farm o The U.S. would sometimes cause issues when they’d stop trucks for health inspections, and the pickles would have gone bad by the end of it 5 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • • • • Jerry is in the Farm Bureau, but it isn’t as strong of a voice as it could be to help farming Migrants aren’t coming to work as much anymore because of the U.S. immigration changes, and people getting arrested now for being illegal o The government doesn’t have a program to let these people work legally here o It does exist in Canada though, so Mexicans or Jamaicans drive through to Ontario to work People who pick asparagus or apples are well-paid today, making $25 an hour People can be shying away from labor-intensive crops because they aren’t sure if they’re going to have the workers they need at the specific times their crops will need it Listening to the Tape in 50 Years – (51:44) • The population is stable and doesn’t grow very much • The area has been a good place to raise families • The biggest threat is some drugs coming into town now • There is a lot of goodwill and peace between the people • Jerry encourages young people to plant crops that will make money, such as fruit or asparagus farming • Farming today is so complicated that you have to be careful what you plant because you may not get enough profits to survive o The cost of farming is very discouraging for young farmers • Now there are many people without skills or a college education but are making so much money an hour picking • Jerry and his sons had lost money on crops, so they sold off some land to pay back debts • Today farmers have to guarantee hours and pay to workers whether there’s work or not • Jerry mentions current farming challenges and laws that cause many problems for farmers Final Thoughts – (1:00:32) • The migrants workers have always been a very important part of Oceana County, and some have settled and become good citizens, stabilizing the economy there • Jerry is in the process of selling his labor camp now • Segregation has been a problem too when some locals don’t want the Hispanics around • There’ll never be enough locals available to keep up with the work; migrants are needed • At one time, Oceana County was the biggest pickle county in Michigan 6 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9f4b1a96c894c610e0ee58c1ed002df9.pdf 6a907ab0e829fbf64df11eaa6192b1b1 PDF Text Text Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department Entrevista de Jerry Brandel Tiempo total – (1:09:11) Entrevistado por Walter Urick, 12 Febrero 2016 (Traducido al espaňol por Kassie O’Brien, May 2016) Antecedentes familiares • Jerry nació el 28 de febrero de 1945 en Muskegon, Michigan • Sus abuelos vivían en una granja de 20 acres al norte de Hart, Michigan o Tuvieron 9 niños, y uno fue el padre de Jerry • Su padre se llamaba Herbert Brandel o Cultivaban cerezas, manzanas, y duraznos en su granja de 20 acres • El padre de Jerry se mudó desde Muskegon a Hart y compró una granja de frutas en 1945 cuando Jerry era bebé o La granja estaba ubicado en las calles 84 y Fox • Jerry ha estado en el área por 70 años • La madre de Jerry se llamaba Ruth Samantha Jacobs o Ella estuvo entre los mejores de su clase en 1927 en Hart High School • Jerry tiene un hermano, Richard, y también una hermana adoptada, Marilyn • Jerry compró su propiedad actual cuando estaba en su último año de la secundaria en 1962 o Pagó $6.500 por 80 acres o La compró con un contrato de compraventa de terrenos con una tasa de interés del 3% Recuerdos de la niñez – (4:20) • Jerry creció en Hart y ha vivido allí por toda su vida • Asistió a la escuela llamada Danielson School que solamente tenía una aula o Cada día tenía que caminar por media milla de ida y vuelta • Cuando tenía más o menos 8 o 10 años, comenzó a hacer labores o Tenía que alimentar y dar de beber a los animales o Con el tiempo tenía que ordeñar las vacas también • Cuando tenía 16 años su hermano ingresó en el ejército, y Jerry fue el único que estaba en casa con su papá • Tenía que ordeñar 24 vacas por sí mismo 1 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • • • • • o Se despertaba a las seis de la mañana y terminó con 40 galones de leche o Separaba la leche descremada de la nata, y daba de comer a los cerdos con la leche o Le tomaba una hora ordeñar dos docenas de vacas A las 9:00 de la mañana llegaba al cerezal o Conducía a Hart o Shelby y descargaba todas las cestas de cerezas Llegaba a la casa alrededor de las 10:00 de la noche, cenaba, se acostaba, y la mañana siguiente volvía a hacer todo de nuevo por 6-8 semanas El padre de Jerry fue el director de Walkerville High School durante el primer año que tuvo su granja (1945) porque los cultivos se congelaron o Durante el segundo año (1946) su padre terminó de pagar por la granja porque hubo una gran cosecha de cerezas o Su padre regresó a enseñar en Walkerville por cinco años más cuando tenía alrededor de 60 años El padre de Jerry fue maestro por 20 años, y la madre de Jerry fue maestra por 36 años o Su madre enseñó en la escuela intermedia en Shelby o Cuando Jerry tenía 4 años, su madre le llevaba a la escuela cada día o Jerry fue estudiante allí hasta el séptimo grado Cuando Jerry tenía 7 años, recogía dos cestas de cerezas por la mañana y por la noche, y ganaba 50 centavos por cesta ($2 por día) o Compró su primera bicicleta por $42 en Hart cuando tenía 7 años Participando en la agricultura – (10:20) • Cuando tenía 13 años, Jerry y su hermano compraron 60 acres cerca de Pentwater por $10 por acre o Plantaron 10.000 árboles de Navidad o Tres años después vendieron esa granja y se dividió el dinero entre Jerry y su hermano, y Jerry usó su mitad del dinero para comprar su granja actual cuando tenía 17 años • Se graduó de Hart High School en 1963, y asistió a Michigan State University por dos años para tomar un curso de agricultura • Después de su educación, se asoció con su padre y hermano por diez años o Mantuvieron las granjas desde cuando tenía 20 a 30 años, más o menos de 19651975 o Poseían 2.500 acres en conjunto en el condado de Oceana o La parte más grande fue una sección de 500 acres en Hart 2 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • • Las cerezas fueron la mejor cosecha en su asociación o 150 acres de cerezas o 40 acres de manzanas o 20 acres de duraznos o Por lo menos 500 acres de árboles de Navidad También prepararon mucho jarabe de arce, y Jerry encabezaba este trabajo Su propia agricultura – (15:06) • La asociación terminó en 1975 cuando Jerry decidió trabajar por sí mismo • Empezó a cultivar 150-200 acres de pepinillos • Había comprado otras granjas además de los 80 acres originales, que sumó un total de 800 acres • También tuvo ganado, heno, y cerdos • Decidió cultivar los pepinillos como su cultivo comercial porque se llevaba bien con los trabajadores migrantes o Jerry notó que los trabajadores migrantes no tenían trabajo cuando terminó la temporada de cereza alrededor del primer día de agosto o Así Jerry quería usar el tiempo disponible durante el último mes antes de que regresaran a la escuela para darles trabajo con sus cultivos de pepinillos • Cerca de 300 acres fue la mayor cantidad de pepinillos que cultivó a la vez • Se cosechaban a mano todos los pepinillos Los trabajadores migrantes – (18:00) • Familias caucásicas no hispanas viajaron al condado de Oceana desde Tennessee y Arkansas o Venían para recoger cerezas por seis semanas y luego regresaban a casa • Familias afroamericanas que viajaron las 36 millas desde Muskegon querían recoger cerezas también • Una mujer que se llamaba Ruth Coleman venía en un autobús con 35 personas, y todos vivían en un campo de trabajo o Jerry poseía este campo de trabajo en aquella época • Cuando Jerry tenía más o menos 15 años, mantenía un registro de la cantidad de cerezas que recogió cada persona y les pagaba cada sábado • La fuerza laboral no hispana fue cerca de 25-30 personas 3 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • • • • o A estas personas no les gustó cosechar los pepinillos porque el trabajo era muy duro Los trabajadores migrantes hispanos empezaron a trabajar a finales de los años cincuenta y al principio de los años sesenta Se iban de la Florida o de Texas en camiones grandes con lonas o Los supervisores traían 50-60 trabajadores en un camión Durante las fiestas mexicanas, la gente venía en estos camiones vestida en ropa elegante, preparada para bailar o Eso fue la cultura de los trabajadores migrantes Jerry empleó a 60-70 personas hispanas como parte de sus operaciones agrícolas con pepinillos Desafíos en cuanto a la agricultura – (24:53) • Había problemas de sequía y altas temperaturas • En 1980, hubo tasas de interés de los bancos de 22% o Jerry pidió un préstamo de $100.000 porque perdió dinero durante un año con su cultivo de pepinillos • En 1976, fue investigado por trabajo infantil en los campos o Fue demandado y después de seis años la investigación llegó al corte federal o Después de una apelación, Jerry fue la única persona que ganó o Walter Urick fue el abogado de Jerry • Jerry dejó de cultivar pepinillos porque costaron mucho y no pudo obtener beneficios • Luego empezó a trabajar en la venta de los cultivos de pepinillos de otros agricultores o Normalmente gana $200-400 por cargamento de pepinillos que vende o Entiende bien el negocio y coordina todo La relación con los migrantes – (30:42) • Había una abundancia de trabajadores migrantes mexicanos que llegaron a finales de los años sesenta y al principio de los años setenta • Llegaron empujados por la desesperación porque terminó el año escolar o Solamente aparecieron porque no sabían adónde ir • Las organizaciones migrantes hacían llamadas para buscar trabajo disponible para los migrantes que necesitaron empleos y vivienda • Jerry les dio vivienda a los migrantes y les dio trabajo en sus campos de pepinillos 4 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • • • • Jerry quería engrandecer el mercado de pepinillos, así empezó a comprar los pepinillos de otros agricultores, además de su contrato con Heinz Jerry solía poseer acres del cultivo de fresas, y 350 trabajadores migrantes vinieron a recoger fresas o Se promocionaban las noticias de trabajo disponible por el boca a boca, y los trabajadores venían Se llevaba bien con los trabajadores migrantes, y si había conflictos, llegaron a un acuerdo Jerry sabía que era necesario resolver malentendidos porque tuvo su buena voluntad, y todos estaban allí para ganar dinero La vivienda de los trabajadores migrantes – (34:20) • Se necesitaba la autorización del estado de Michigan para cumplir las normas de la vivienda • La vivienda era gratuita para los trabajadores migrantes, y eso atrajo a los trabajadores • Algunos empleados de Jerry tenían que mantener la vivienda • Las personas que tuvieron problemas con los trabajadores migrantes fueron personas que trataron de engañarles por medio de decir que los trabajadores recogieron menos que la cantidad verdadera • Se necesitaba enseñarles la mejor manera de recoger los pepinillos y de mantener sus propias secciones de los campos • En ese momento no existía ningún programa de vales para alimentos, y la gente era tan pobre que hacía cualquier cosa para sobrevivir La familia de Jerry – (39:58) • Tiene dos hijos y una hija o Art tiene 47 años, Alan tiene 40 años, y Kathy tiene 44 años • Art trabaja en la granja de la familia a tiempo parcial • Alan está en Alabama y trabaja con pepinillos en una granja de 3.000 acres • Kathy es maestra en Hart La comunidad de Oceana – (41:24) • Jerry quiere que se preserven la Sociedad Histórica (Historical Society) y los documentos 5 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • • • • • • • También quiere que la feria del condado continúe o Jerry participó en la comisión de ganadería por 22 años donde promovió el programa 4-H El negocio de la telefonía celular ha cambiado mucho en la vida hoy en día Jerry cultivó pepinillos en México por 17 años o Estaba allí por 2 a 3 semanas cada vez o Hace 3 años dejó este negocio porque había demasiado peligro y muchos carteles o Alquiló tierra allí para cultivar o A veces los Estados Unidos causaron problemas cuando detuvieron camiones para realizar inspecciones de salud, y la comida se puso fea Jerry es parte del Farm Bureau, pero cree que la organización no es bastante fuerte para ayudar a la agricultura Los trabajadores migrantes no vienen a trabajar tanto como antes a causa de los cambios en la inmigración de los EEUU, y hoy en día las personas ilegales son arrestadas o El gobierno no tiene programas en que estas personas pueden trabajar aquí legalmente o Sí existe en Canadá, así hay mexicanos o jamaicanos que viajan en auto para trabajar en Ontario Hoy en día se les paga bien a las personas que recogen los espárragos o las manzanas, y ganan $25 por hora La gente rehúye cultivos laboriosos porque no está segura si va a tener los trabajadores necesarios en los momentos específicos para estos cultivos Escuchar la grabación en 50 años – (51:44) • La población es estable y no crece mucho • El área ha sido buen lugar para formar una familia • Unas drogas que han entrado en la comunidad son la mayor amenaza • Hay mucha buena voluntad y paz en el pueblo • Jerry anima a los jóvenes que planten cultivos que ganarán dinero, como cultivos de fruta o espárragos • Hoy en día la agricultura es tan complicada que hay que tener cuidado en lo que se cultiva porque es posible que no se gane suficiente dinero para sobrevivir o El costo de la agricultura es muy desalentador para los jóvenes agricultores 6 �Growing Community: Oceana’s Agricultural History Project A project supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant Project Director: Melanie Shell-Weiss, GVSU Liberal Studies Department • • • • Actualmente hay muchas personas sin destrezas o sin educación universitaria que ganan muchísimo dinero por hora cuando recogen cultivos Jerry y sus hijos perdieron dinero en cultivos, así vendieron parte de sus tierras para pagar unas deudas Hoy en día los agricultores tienen que garantizar horas y pago específico para los trabajadores sin importar si hay trabajo o no Jerry menciona desafíos actuales para la agricultura y leyes que causan problemas para los agricultores Reflexiones finales – (1:00:32) • Los trabajadores migrantes siempre han sido una parte muy importante del condado de Oceana, y algunos se han establecido y han llegado a ser buenos ciudadanos, estabilizando la economía allí • Jerry está vendiendo su campo de trabajo • La segregación racial ha sido problemática también porque algunos nativos del pueblo no quieren que los hispanos estén allí • El pueblo nunca tendrá residentes suficientes para hacer todo el trabajo; se necesitan los trabajadores migrantes • En cierta época, el condado de Oceana fue el principal productor de pepinillos en Michigan 7 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4c60e07d6225f6d2e1fabfe09c8e41a3.mp3 c58867556bce55c83ee3fc0d6e40d650 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oceana County Migrant Labor History Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shell-Weiss, Melanie Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Growing Community: A Century of Migration in Oceana County." This project was a collaboration between El Centro Hispano de Oceana, the Oceana County Historical and Genealogical Society, and Grand Valley State University funded by a Common Heritage grant from the United States National Endowment for the Humanities. The materials in this collection document the history of communities in Hart, Shelby, and Walkerville and explore themes of migration, labor, religion, family, belonging, national and cultural identities, regional, national, and international connections, and citizenship. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Oceana County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource El Centro Hispano de Oceana; Oceana County Historical and Genealogical Society Relation A related resource Growing Community (NEH Common Heritage project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Image Sound recording Language A language of the resource eng spa Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Subject The topic of the resource Oceana County (Mich.) Hart (Mich.) Shelby (Mich.) Farms Farmers Migrant agricultural laborers Hispanic Americans Account books Diaries Oral history Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Brandel, Jerry (entrevista de audio y resumen) Descripción Spanish language Description entry Entrevista de historia oral con Jerry Brandel, Hart, Michigan. Entrevistado por Walter Urick. Idioma en Inglés. Febrero 12, 2016. Jerry Brandel nació el 28 de febrero de 1945 en Muskegon, Michigan. En ese año, su familia se mudó a Hart, Michigan, y compró una granja de frutas. Se graduó de Hart High School en 1963 y después asistió a Michigan State University por dos años para tomar un curso de agricultura. Después de su educación, se asoció con su padre y hermano por diez años para cultivar cerezas, manzanas, duraznos, y árboles de Navidad. En 1975, Jerry decidió cultivar solo y empezó a cultivar pepinillos en Oceana y en México. Luego, eligió trabajar en la venta de los cultivos de pepinillos de otros agricultores en todo el país. Jerry tiene dos hijos y una hija, y actualmente ha vivido en el área del condado de Oceana por 70 años. Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms La agricultura Granja de frutas Cerezas Pepinillos Árboles de Navidad Ordeñar vacas El cerezal Tasa de interés Acres Trabajadores migrantes No hispano Hispano Afroamericano Desafíos en cuanto a la agricultura Vivienda México Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-06_Brandel_Jerry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brandel, Jerry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-02-12 Title A name given to the resource Brandel, Jerry (audio interview and summary) Description An account of the resource Oral history interview with Jerry Brandel, Hart, Michigan. Interviewed by Walter Urick. English language recording. Summary in English and Spanish. February 12, 2016. Jerry Brandel was born on February 28, 1945 in Muskegon, Michigan. That year, his family moved to Hart, Michigan, and bought a fruit farm. He graduated from Hart High School in 1963 and then went on to Michigan State University to take a two-year agricultural course. After his schooling, he went into partnership for ten years with his father and brother, where they farmed cherries, apples, peaches, and Christmas trees. In 1975, Jerry decided to begin farming on his own, and he started growing pickles in Oceana and Mexico. Years later, he entered into the broker business, selling pickle crops for other farmers across the country. Jerry has two sons and one daughter, and he has now lived in the Oceana County area for 70 years. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Urick, Walter (interviewer) Shell-Weiss, Melanie (director) Subject The topic of the resource Farming Fruit farm Cherries Pickles Christmas trees Milk cows Cherry orchard Interest rate Acres Migrants Non-Hispanic Hispanic African American Farming challenges Housing Mexico Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Growing Community (NEH Common Heritage) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6f5f8c5d667cd639e01fb83e47c6fa8f.pdf ebf712981ba7728212df022bd50d6468 PDF Text Text D4 0 on• 1 -I ,{ -•~ ,._ L'P. oUt\ ARY OFi . I F1\,.;,,. Plan n1r.;;; & Z:i11ng Center, Inc. MASTER PLAN CITY OF NOVI MICHIGAN January 1988 Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., Planning Consultant in association with Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. �-, LIST OF OFFICIALS MAYOR AND COUNCIL Matthew C. Quinn, Mayor Edward R. Leininger, Mayor ProTem Nancy C. Covert Hugh D. Crawford Martha L. Hoyer Joseph G. Toth Ronald A . Watson PLANNING COMMISSION Judith Johnson, Chairman Ernest Aruffo, Secretary John P. Balagna Richard Clark Thomas Kavanagh Edward Kramer Charles Kureth, Jr. Kathleen S. McLallen Gary Phillips Karen Tindale, Recording Secretary CITY MANAGER Edward F. Kriewall CITY CLERK Geraldine Stipp CITY ATTORNEY Fried & Levitt, P. C. DIRECTOR OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT James R. Wahl PLANNING CONSULTANT Brandon M. Rogers and Associates, P.C. CITY ENGINEERING CONSULTANT JCK & Associates, Inc. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. - ii - �-, RESOLUTION At the conclusion of a meeting at which a quorum of the Planning Commission of the City of Novi, Oakland County, Michigan, was present, the following resolution was offered and adopted. Moved by member Chuck Kureth Seconded by member John Balagna THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION BE ADOPTED WHEREAS: The Novi Plannlng Commls~lon has diligently pursued the development of a new Master Land Use Plan for the City of Novi, and WHEREAS: Said Master Land Use Plan has been reviewed in sessions with the Novi City Council and the public in attendance, and WHEREAS: On December 16, 1987 and January 6, 1988, duly constituted public hearings were held at which a quorum of the Novi Planning Commission was present, and at which hearing public comment pertaining to the proposed Master Plan was heard in accordance with Act 285 of The Public Acts of 1931, as amended, now. THEREFORE, IT IS RESOLVED: The the contents of this document together with all the maps attached to and contained herein, are hereby adopted by the Planning Commission as formal amendments to the Novi Master Plan of 1980, and that said plan shall be called THE MASTER PLAN FOR LAND USE for the City of Novi, Oakland County, Michigan. ROLL CALL VOTE: 7 yeas abstain _ _ _ nays absent RESOLUTION ADOPTED I, Ernest Aruffo, Secretary of the Novi Planning Commission, hereby certify that the foregoing resolution is a true and correct copy of a resolution adopted by the Novi Planning Commission at a meeting held January 6, 1988. ecretary r �-, I TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page............................................................ i Li st of Off i c i a 1s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Resolution of Adoption................................................ iii Table of Contents..................................................... iv List of Tables........................................................ vi List of Charts........................................................ viii List of Figures....................................................... viii List of Maps.......................................................... ix Preface............................................................... x Goals and Objectives Related to The City of Novi Philosophy Statement........................................................... 1 Resi denti a 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Office - Commercial - Industrial................................. 3 Town Center Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Traffic.......................................................... 10 Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Existing Land Use Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Land Use Classification.......................................... Future Population Projection..................................... 14 17 29 29 33 34 39 Housing and Density Study............................................. 49 Introduction..................................................... 49 Housing Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Current Land Use Inventory....................................... Population Study and Forecast......................................... Growth Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Distribution.......................................... Population Forecast.............................................. - iv - �-, TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Past and Present Housing Conditions.............................. Future Projections............................................... Senior Citizen Housing........................................... Future Housing Mortgage Trends................................... Imp 1ementati on.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sumary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation Pl an. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction..................................................... Functional Classification of Roadways............................ Land-Use Re 1at ion ships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thoroughfare Volumes and Capacities.............................. Traffic Accidents and Hazard Areas............................... Thoroughfare Pl an.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation Philosophy and Goals ............................. . Retail and Office Sector Study and Plan .............................. . Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comerci al Deve 1opment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Office Deve 1opment............................................... Industrial Areas Plan................................................. Introduction..................................................... Existing Land Use and Development Trends......................... Industrial Parks................................................. Industrial Potential............................................. Industrial Land Use Plan......................................... Appendix ....................................................... Fo 11 ows A - Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Population Projections B - Novi Comunity Schools Facilities Task Force C - Comercial, Local Business, Comunity Business, General Business, and Office D - Listing of Businesses - V - 53 55 56 59 59 60 64 64 66 74 75 88 103 114 116 116 116 128 138 138 138 139 141 142 142 �---, LIST OF TABLES 1. Existing Land Use and Zoning, City of Novi....................... 20 2. Population Growth for Novi Township (1900-1950) and for City of Novi ( 1960-1980) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Residential Building Permits Issued, 1978 - 1986, City of Novi , Mi chi gan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Ranked Numerical Changes of Population for Co11111unities in Oakland County, Mi chi gan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5. SEMCOG Small Area Forecast, Version 84.......................... 36 6. Projected Enrollments, Novi Co11111unity Schools District........... 39 7. Novi Co11111unity Schools, Existing and Estimated Student Per Household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Development in the Novi Co11111unity Schools District Projected Enrollment/Proposed Subdivision and Apartment Complex 1987 - 1990.................................... 42 9. City of Novi Existing Household Count, August 1986............... 43 10. Population Projections, City of Novi............................. 47 11. Projected Holding Capacities, City of Novi....................... 48 12. Residential Building Permits, January - June 1987, Southeastern Michigan Area Leaders............................... 51 Residential Building Permits Issued, 1978 - 1986, Novi, Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3. 4. 8. 13. 14. 15. 1 Housing Trends, City of Novi and Comparative Co11111unities, 1960 - 1980......................................... 54 Housing Value and Rents, City of Novi and Comparative Co11111unities, 1960 - 1980......................................... 56 - vi - �---, LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 16. Existing City and Planned Dwelling Units - 1967, City of Novi, Michigan........................................... 57 17. Dwelling Unit Capacities, City of Novi, Michigan................. 58 18. Zoning District Densities, City of Novi, Michigan................ 61 19. City of Novi Street and Roadway Rights-of-Way Minimum Width Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 20. Existing Thoroughfares........................................... 72 21. Weekday Directional Distribution - 1986.......................... 77 22. Roadway Volumes and Levels of Service - 1986..................... 78 23. Signalized Arterial Level of Service............................. 84 24. Unsignalized Two-Lane Road Level Service......................... 84 25. Traffic Accidents by Month, City of Novi, 1982-1985.............. 91 26. Accidents by Day of the Week, City of Novi, 1982-1985............ 93 27. Accidents by Type/Object Struck, City of Novi, 1982-1985......... 94 28. Accidents by Road Character, City of Novi, 1982-1985............. 95 29. Accidents by Road Surface Conditions, City of Novi, 1982-1985.... 95 30. Accidents by Light Condition, City of Novi, 1982-1985............ 95 31. High Accident Intersections {1983-1985).......................... 98 32. Number of Accidents by Type of Collision (1983-85)............... 99 33. Traffic Growth Rates............................................. 106 34. Future Traffic Projections (2007)................................ 108 35. Existing Commercial Land Use..................................... 116 36. Actual and Inflation - Adjusted Sales in Major Commercial Sectors, City of Novi, Michigan, 1967 - 1982..................... 119 - vii - �LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 37. Comparison of Actual and Potential Retail Sales in City of Novi, Michigan, 1967 - 1982.............................. 121 Potential Retail Sales/Space Analysis, City of Novi, Michigan.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 39. Shopping Center Classification................................... 127 40. Office Survey, City of Novi, Michigan............................ 131 41. Industrial Land Use and Zoning, Oakland County Conmunities....... 140 38. LIST OF CHARTS 1. Comparative Land Use, City of Novi, Michigan .................... . Page 21 2. Building Permits, City of Novi, Michigan, 1976 - 1986 ........... . 32 LIST OF FIGURES 1. Relationships Between Transportation, Land Use, The Economy, and the Environment..................................... 65 2. Cross Section Standards ......................................... . 67 3. Road System Concept ............................................. . 73 4. Traffic Accident Sunmary - City of Novi ........................ ~. 92 - viii - �LIST OF MAPS 1. la 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Existing Land Use ......................................... Fo 11 ows School Districts Serving City of Novi............................ Residential Density Patterns .............................. Follows Residential Planning Areas .............•.............•.... Follows Existing Roadway Functional Classification ................ Follows Directional Distribution of Traffic - 1986....................... P.M. Peak-Hour Levels of Service - 1986 ................... Follows Average Daily Traffic Volumes - 1986............................. P.M. Peak Hour Traffic Volumes - 1986............................ A.M. Peak Hour Traffic Volumes - 1986............................ Existing Traffic Lanes & Signals .......................... Follows Roadway Prob 1em Areas.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High Accident Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Road Jurisdictions............................................... Programmed Road Improvements..................................... Thoroughfare Pl an ......................................... Fo 11 ows Retail & Office Sector Plan ............................... Follows Existing Offices, 1986........................................... Industrial Areas Plan ..................................... Follows Master Plan for Land Use .............................. End of Plan - ix - Page 18 38 54 54 73 76 80 81 82 83 83 86 97 104 105 105 123 130 142 �---, PREFACE The City of Novi desires to update its 1980 Master Plan for Land Use. Significant physical, demographic and economic changes have occurred since the preparation during the 1970's of the Plan. components of a Master Plan be It is important that the various reevaluated. Such is done through the preparation of the fol lowing Plan elements: Goals and Objectives Existing Land Use Study Population Study and Forecast Housing Density Study and Plan Transportation Plan Retail and Office Sector Plan Industrial Areas Plan These Plans reflect key objectives of the Philosophy Statement for future direction of City development adopted by the City Council and City Planning Commission. - X - �,.. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES RELATED TO THE CITY OF NOVI PHILOSOPHY STATEMENT* RESIDENTIAL Philosophy 11 The cornerstone of our community is its residential neighborhoods. see room in our community for all types of housing. We Despite the urbanization which is to some extent inevitable, we believe there is still room for small farms and large residential lots. It is our commitment to plan and to provide for these types of residential uses for a long period of time into the future ... 11 Goals 1. To review and revise ( if necessary) the Residential Areas Plan of the Master Plan. Specifically, the distribution of lot sizes and types and housing densities shall be considered in relation to existing conditions, natural resources, sewer capacity, traffic congestion, recreation, and eventual size of the population. This could perhaps be accomplished by examining distinct areas or districts within the City of Novi each year. 2. To establish a maximum population recognizes the need to holding capacity for City which provide single family and multiple housing neighborhoods with spaciousness and low density housing, and to avoid overcrowding residential areas with housing where existing or proposed feasible infrastructure cannot support such development. 3. To guide residential development having a distinct character which sets apart, or identifies, that development as unique in the City of Novi. For example, creative use of natural features, landscaping, site layout and architecture are factors which could contribute to establishing such a unique character. *See Appendix E for City of Novi, A Statement of Purpose - Our Hope and Plan for the Future, a Philosophy Statement, Adopted by Joint Resolution of the City Council and Planning Commission, February 1, 1986. - 1 - �RESIDENTIAL Continued 4. To encourage development of all types of single family housing while assuring that the zoning is compatible with environmental conditions. Philosophy "Our primary method of minimizing any possible deleterious effects to the integrity of our residential neighborhoods which might be caused by nonresidential uses is to centralize the nonresidential uses in specific sections of the City. Where distance between residential and nonresidential uses cannot be achieved, our intention is to soften the effect on the residential uses through barriers, buffering, or beautification requirements. In the rare instances where it is necessary for the convenience of residents to have commercial services integrated in with residential uses, the utmost care must be taken in the placement and intensity of the foreign use. 11 Goals 1. To review and establish a policy regarding the concept of mixed land uses in light of the Philosophy Statement of the City of Novi and the population size goals of the City. 2. To review and revise ( if necessary) the proposed land use mix and zoning standards in Novi to assure that negative impacts on the residential areas from nonresidential uses are minimized as much as possible . 3. To develop and implement a coherent urban design plan including an architectural policy . - 2 - �OFFICE - COMMERCIAL - INDUSTRIAL Philosophy 11 ••• Offices of major national corporations and of local individuals should be able to operate here in the most pleasant surroundings. Goals 1. To review and revise ( if necessary) the Master Plan for office land use locations with flows, respect to density, office type, traffic capacity and impacts on residential areas, and infrastructure needs (e.g., pol ice and fire protection) . 2. To permit continuation of the quality of the 1-96/12 Mile Road Corridor for Office/High Tech development for the area west of Haggerty Road. 3. To consider freeway exposure as affording an attractive setting for offices. 4. To plan office districts of different land use intensities and impacts. 5. To develop white collar service industries and varied job sources convenient to residential neighborhoods. Philosophy "Because of tradition and the salutary effects ( be they actual, symbolic, or psychological) of uninterrupted sky and sunlight upon our citizenry, we are, and intend to remain, a low profile community. horizon is shaped by skyscrapers. We will never be a city whose However, in light of our freeway location and our line in the path of urban development, some slight deviations from this aspect of our character might occur. Reasons for such minor deviations might be the opportunity to preserve significant natural areas, - 3 - to obtain an extra- �OFFICE - COMMERCIAL - INDUSTRIAL Continued ordinarily beautiful architectural landmark for the City, or to achieve an unusually advantageous economic benefit for the City all the while being certain that no present or future harmful effects will be caused in our residential areas." Goals To review and revise ( if necessary) the Office Land Use Plan and the Zoning Ordinance to determine where such deviations could be allowed ( if anywhere) and under what restrictions and requirements. Philosophy "We want business of all sizes to thrive here .... with full recognition of our responsibility to plan for a city that can 'afford itself', we will encourage commercial investment in the community and the innovative and ambitious use of property. But this encouragement will be given only to the extent that such uses have a positive effect on the people who live here. Sound planning considerations must prevail over untempered market place demands." Goals 1. To review and determine how revise much, ( if necessary) what types, the Commercial and Uses where commercial Plan uses to are needed in the City in light of the economic benefits to the City, the convenience and needs of Novi's citizenry, traffic flows, infrastructure requirements (e.g., police and fire protection), existing conditions, and other land uses, especially to the end of reducing the negative impacts on the residential areas of the City. - 4 - �....., OFFICE - COMMERCIAL - INDUSTRIAL Continued 2. To discourage the proliferation of strip commercial uses . 3. To discourage the overdevelopment of commercial uses . Philosophy 11 ••• we should have a place for clean industries to develop and produce the finest of modern technology ... 11 Goals 1. To define 11 clean industry 11 considering the environmental impact of such uses (e.g., the production, use, or disposal of hazardous and toxic materials) . 2. To review and revise ( if necessary) the Industrial Land Use Plan in light of water), existing land infrastructure uses, natural needs, resources traffic impacts, ( including ground relationship to residential land uses, etc. TOWN CENTER AREA Philosophy The goals and objectives for development of the Town Center Area are to reflect the City of Novi's long term commitment to establish a quality Town Center District. - 5 - �TOWN CENTER AREA Continued Goals 1. To identify and locate public and private areas of concern and responsibilities is of primary importance. 2. To create a sense of image and orientation and provide multi-access from Novi Road and Grand River Avenue. 3. To delineate and detail the special districts within the Town Center Area. 4. To enhance the total environmental quality of the area. 5. To encourage multi-seasonal and day/night use of activities. 6. To develop parks and open green space and plazas within each quadrant of the Town Center Area. 7. To provide design guidance and goals for private development, establish detailed standards for public implementation to provide unity and image throughout the district, and promote continuity and compatibility among public and private development. ENVIRONMENT Philosophy 11 ment. •• • Our most priceless commodity is our open land and natural environ- Our ideal is for each resident to be able to see as much open sky - 6 - and �ENVIRONMENT Continued natural beauty as possible . We are committed to always take the greatest care when anything is built on our precious land. We will make every effort to preserve our watercourses and wetlands, to guard our air and soil from contamination, to protect our natural woodlands, to save as many trees as possible in any type of development, and to plant still more trees along our streets and throughout the City for future generations ... 11 Goals 1. To develop and implement a policy regarding open space requirements in all types of development - especially residential and office. 2. To obtain and keep current information about our natural environment within the City of Novi. This information will include, but not be limited to, the following: a. The location, flow rates, and quality of our surface water (e.g., lakes, streams, drains, and rivers). b. Habitat location and quality for rare, threatened, or endangered species . c. Location of wetlands and the purposes they serve with respect to the environment (e.g., storm water management, actual or potential habitat for rare, threatened, or endangered species, groundwater recharge and quality, etc.), and enhancement of the of our aesthetic quality of the City. d. The location, habitat potential, woodlands . - 7 - and aesthetic quality �ENVIRONMENT Continued e. The location of important, unique, and/or rare, threatened, or endangered trees. f. Groundwater flow rates and directions, recharge zones, and groundwater quality. g. The location, nature, and priority for cleanup, removal, or control of underground storage tanks, landfills, and other types of hazardous materials storage, production, and/or use areas, be they underground or above ground and inside or outside. 3. To develop policies and standards designed to protect and utilize our natural resources ( of any kind, but particularly surface waters, wetlands, woodlands, and individual trees, and topography) as part of any development type within the City. 4. To develop and implement a coordinated tree planting program throughout the City. 5. To develop a program of public education regarding Novi's environment, including its natural resources and the potential threats thereto from development or pollution. 6. To develop, program as part of the City's designed to provide the Recreation Master Plan, residents of Novi a sub- access to the natural features of the City where this is feasible and practical and will not endanger the natural feature or resource itself. This could take the form of bicycle paths, pedestrianways, and/or nature trails for example. 7. To develop and implement clear view policy along our waterways as identified on the official City Wetlands and Watercourse Map. 8. To preserve the woodlands, trees, similar woody vegetation, and related natural resources shall have priority over development when there are no location alternatives. - 8 - �ARCHITECTURE Philosophy "The quality and design of buildings can be related to our quality of life. We will seek a variety of beautiful architecture. We desire extensive green plantings and landscapes, uncluttered by garish signs. There should be signi- ficant setback distances between buildings and between different uses. The stability of a community can be reflected buildings. This is why we will encourage design and building materials creat- ing an aura of permanence. stone. in the structure of its We appreciate the lasting qualities of brick and We are comforted by the warmth of the colors and textures of the earth and natural materials." Goals 1. To establish architectural review and approval of nonresidential development. 2. To encourage committees in the establishment of subdivision new and unfinished architectural subdivisions to assure review that the character of a subdivision remains consistent throughout its development be they subdivisions of small homes, large homes, traditional architecture, or "modern" architecture. 3. Encourage innovation and variety of design to assure an architecturally interesting City while still maintaining a low profile community. - 9 - �TRAFFIC Philosophy "As a widespread suburban community, our main source of transportation is the automobile. discomfort. This can also become our primary source of frustration and Our goal is to avoid the obstruction of our streets and highways by ourselves, our visitors, or those passing through our City to other destinations. A workable system of thoroughfares must be developed or our other gains of quality life may be negated. The automobile remains the dominant mode of transportation in our society, but we acknowledge trends which favor foot and bicycle transportation . In- creases in leisure time and the awareness of physical fitness will obligate us to provide safe routes for nonmotorized traffic." Goals 1. To plan, develop, and maintain the roadway system of the City of Novi to provide and preserve an efficient traffic flow. 2. To develop a system of nonmotorized safety paths along our major thoroughfares such that it will ultimately be possible to use nonmotorized transportation along the roads to get from one part of the City to another part. 3. To develop a City capability of hardware and software to evaluate traffic impacts caused by proposed development through the creation of a computer model which can interface with other ongoing models . 4. To provide system of marginal access roads, whenever feasible and desirable, to reduce conflicts between local and through traffic . - 10 - �TRAFFIC Continued 5. To give priority to the construction, maintenance, or reconstruction of roadways needed to serve existing development. 6. To provide alternative access corridors to major activity centers where possible. 7. To insure, through traffic analyses and roadway improvements safe and adequate pedestrian and nonmotorized traffic circulation in activity centers and neighborhoods. 8. To provide for roadway design to eliminate or prevent hazardous conditions. 9. To design traffic signalization, roadway signage, and operational capacities so as to optimize traffic flow and levels of service. 10 . To provide curb cuts to allow access to and egress from all classes of arterial streets should be minimized. 11 . To avoid routing of commercial traffic through residential areas. 12. To clearly indicate the function and design of local residential streets. To plan and design local street systems to minimize or eliminate through traffic and to design such local streets for a low volume of traffic and for low speeds. 13. To provide for a limited number of collector streets for convenient and safe movement between local streets within a neighborhood and the bordering arterial street system . - 11 - �INFRASTRUCTURE Philosophy 11 0ur goal is to provide facilities to serve the public efficiently, maintain public areas, protect the citizens from crimes, fire, and disaster, and to provide places for us to observe our history, to provide outlets for cultural activities, and opportunities to see art in public places. Our citizens will have limitless opportunities for play and recreation in our parks and athletic fields. 11 Goals 1. To develop a self-supporting city capable of generating infrastructure through prudent land use planning, capital improvements programming, and developer participation. 2. To encourage planned development of residential unit developments, planned unit developments and planned developments for residential, commercial and office uses, with infrastructure underwritten by the developer wherever possible. OTHER Goals 1. To review and update as necessary the City's Master Plan on a periodic basis to assure that it consistently reflects the development goals and objectives of the City of Novi. 2. To establish an annual Planning Commission work program designed to achieve these goals through the attainment of specific objectives. 3. To develop the Planning Program for each year's program to include detailed investigation and City. planning for specific sections within the This detailed investigation and planning should be based on the City's Urban Design Plan and the Natural Design Plan. - 12 - Resources Environmental �EXISTING LAND USE STUDY Introduction The basis for any planning study is an inventory and analysis of updated information on existing land uses within a community. It provides a way to better understand present land uses, to show the relationships between various land uses and their environs, and to indicate predominant land usage, including desirable and undesirable land use conditions and potentials. The pattern of development in a community is closely intertwined with a number of factors including: natural environmental conditions, technological and economic changes, citizen demands and political issues. Land use patterns, therefore, may be defined as those uses which result from the actions of people modified to a degree by natural environmental conditions. The Existing Land Use Survey presents, therefore, an overview of the City and serves as a basis from which future land use policies can be developed. Trend data since the last survey ( 1974) is also presented to illustrate the major changes which have occurred in the City. It should also be noted that the 1980 City Master Plan was done over an eight year period ( 1972-80) and the final recommendations were based on that earlier data. A field survey was conducted in August 1986 for the purpose of gathering data for existing land use analyses. Each lot and parcel within the City was inspected in the field and its use was recorded on Sidwell maps . was supplemented by aerial photo interpretation. The field data The use of each parcel was in turn converted into a standardized categorization and then mapped on the City's 800 scale updated base map reflecting approved subdivisions, parcel divisions and consolidations, and new or vacated rights-of-way. - 13 - �Acreage calculations for each land use category were obtained by direct measurements from field determined from work maps. average widths and Right-of-way acreage calculation were lineal Also measurements. comparative statistics from Oakland County Planning Division. used were 1 Land Use Classifications The following classifications were used to categorize the various land uses in the City . These classifications are related to the Michigan Land Cover/Use Classification ( ML CUC) system developed by the Department of Natural sources ( DNR), State of Michigan in 1976. Re- Numbers in parenthesis refer t" the use coding system described in the DNR manual. Residential Single Family Residential This ( 113). category includes detached dwelling units and two-family duplex dwelling units, one-family and accessory buildings such as garages that are related to these units. Multiple classification Family includes Residential ( 111, locations having 112). Multiple multi-family Family apartment Residential structures or row, townhouse units of three or less stories ( 112) or four or more stories (111). Included are rental and condominium units, in complexes or single structures, with related lawns, parking areas, and any small recreation facility associated with the residential use. Mobile Home Parks ( 115). - - Areas containing groups of mobile homes and their related service and recreational areas are designated as Mobile Home Park areas. 1 1986 Land Use Inventory for Oakland County, Division of County Planning, Department of Community & Economic Development , Oakland County, Document PUB-183, June 1987. - 14 - �Commercial Local Business ( 124). -- Also referred to as Convenience Shopping, Local Business land areas consist of relatively compact groups of stores and/or services which satisfy the day-to-day shopping needs of residents. Uses included in this category are food, drug, personal services, and other convenience-type establishments. Community Business ( 122). -- Community Business areas, also referred to as Comparison Shopping, are those containing a single structure or group of structures having a large amount of floor space and a variety of commercial and service establishments which offer major products or services less frequently needed but for which a customer usually comparison shops before buying. Often, these areas are referred to as community or regional shopping centers. Commercial uses included in this category are general merchandise, apparel and accessories, furniture and appliances and other comparison-type commercial establishments. General Business ( 123). -- Uses included in the General Business category are lumber, building materials, hardware, eating and drinking establishments, automotive dealers, and gasoline service stations. location in a shopping center, These uses do not require rather they benefit by a location on a major thoroughfare permitting good access. Office ( 1212). -- Office uses are uses which include business, finar,cial, personal, professional and repair service establishments. Industrial Light Industrial ( 135, 136) . -- Land uses without open storage where raw or semi-finished materials are stored, fabricated or manufactured are - 15 - classified �as Light Industrial. These include such uses as warehousing, secondary manufacturing of metal fabrication and non-metal fabrication such as furniture production or printing. General Industrial ( 131-134, inc.). -- General Industrial uses include those typified as using raw materials for primary metal production, petrochemicals, primary wood processing, and stone, clay, and glass industrial operations. Included in this category are steel mills, pulp or lumber mills, electric power generating stations, chemical plants and concrete plants, to name a few. Extractive ( 1711, 1712). -- These land areas include extractive activities which are primarily carried out upon the surface of the earth through open excavation. Included in this classification are sand, gravel and rock quarry removal operations. Public ( 19, 146, 1213, 1214, 1216-1218, inc.) Public land use includes open land for outdoor cultural, public assembly and recreational purposes, utility substations tricity), hospitals and public medically (e.g., related gas, clinics, oil, water, elec- educational uses including all types of public institutions where education is the primary use, detention and correctional facilities, military uses and governmental admin- istration and service buildings. Quasi-Public ( 1213-1215, inc., 193) Areas in which educational, utilized as recreational facilities, religious, health facilities, and open lands which are privately owned but also available to the general public, are deemed Quasi-Public land uses. - 16 - �Rights-of-Way All dedicated rights-of-way including freeways, thoroughfares, local roads, alleys, and railroad easements are classified as Rights-of-Way. Open and Other ( 190) This land use category consists of areas used for agriculture, including crop land, land lying fallow, pasture, tree farming, orchards and vineyards, and woodland, as well as vacant land for which no specific use is evident from field inspection. Water Bodies (522-526, inc., 512) Portions of the City occupied by lakes and major ponds are classified as Water Bodies. Current Land Use Inventory The City of Novi is located northwest of the City of Detroit in the Southwestern part of Oakland County and occupies approximately 31. 9 square miles. It is bounded primarily by Napier and Beck Roads on the west, 12 Mile Road, Pontiac Trail and 14 Mile Roads on the north, Haggerty Road on the east and Eight Mile Road on the south. Lyon Charter Township and the City of Wixom lie to the west, City of Walled Lake and Commerce Township lie to the north, City of Farmington Hills lies along the eastern boundary and Northville Township and the City of Northville lie to the south . Traversing east and west through the City is 1-96 Freeway which affords convenient access to the City from Lansing, Pontiac, Ann Arbor and Detroit. Another major east-west route is Grand River Avenue . route through the City is Novi Road. The major north-south 1-275 Freeway 1s near the City's eastern boundary connecting with 1-96 and 1-696 Freeways at the Novi/Farmingtion Hills • - boundary . - 17 - �Both Grand Novi's history: River Avenue and Novi Road are strongly associated with Grand River Avenue being originally the old Detroit and Howell Plank Road and Novi Road originally being the only road which ran from the Walled Lake area, through the community to Northville. The advent of 1-96 opened the way to large regional shopping centers and easy commuting which has led to rapid population expansion in the last 25 years . This trend shows no signs of abating and graphic evidence is readily available by looking at the Existing Land Use Map. quadrant shows many In particular, the southeast new subdivisions and apartment complexes as well as recent trailer parks, office, and industrial parks. In addition, a third major shopping center is under construction. The southwest quadrant shows more of this growth with the emerging municipal civic center complex and high school. on what was formerly open farmland. New subdivisions are occurring Indeed, it is difficult nowadays to travel a local road without encountering a cement truck or gravel hauler, all signs of a city with a rapidly changing complexion. The overall urbanization trend is also dramatically shown by fact that developed land in the City increased from 4,390 acres to 6,658 acres in the 14 year period between 1974 and 1986, or 52 percent. With the possible exception of the southeast quadrant, there are large areas throughout the City which retain a rural character with open fields and farmlands and an occasional horse "ranch". The area around Walled Lake shows signs of being developed earlier in the community's history. Here, the lots are small and housing is in tightly packed units and subdivisions. The new Lake Shore Park facility is noteworthy in that it permits many citizens to enjoy the lake resource. - 18 - �) ( C.O M\I E.FtCE T W P C I T Y IN A L L E D OF L A I( E lf\r~fJl ' ____J CO 1 ~ ~ ("' I 0 I I I -1 4-(__ . f WALLeD r I I t LAKE II I II . I . '[ RI C 1 T I , . "> L ~,j"- -. . ... ' j ..___J d"-1 8 10 £a~! jl{ 11 7 , . ~ ,, oo·· •.·." o. . ~!Pf;g !(g o.:P o cP ~ OIIOJ 0 0 . P10JC ~ ·o ' ~ LIL ~ •• . 0 ~ cm t'.D" Bil L..illl _...,: o," _L_QJL_ " ' .. ' 1 • • r.:!':'.Hr.JH 29 I ' '£ p "• 0 30 I 1io:- 128 o TJ , I· ~ ..'" '" '" ii.~· '•7•·=•u,. "· l 0 '9 ' 1. " .· ·.·. ·.··.·r ' ..·.· ~:-: ·I '?.'~---~.,. NOVI , . ~ :~ : ' OIi/\~ oJ h~. do"'~,~~ ,o.oq II · & VACANT (QI=:J ONE & TWO FAM I LY E=::::::::::] MULTIPLE FAMILY MOBILE f:::::::::::::::::I OFF i C E - LOCAL ~ COMMUNIT Y ~ GENERAL HOME LAND RES I DENt l AL RESIDENTIAL RE S IDENTIAL 8r? ?Ti ·-, _ / ~ .I.1 ~ ~. . ·. , i;:: ~~~- !F7o0 ,,..rtAri I. I I -- ~ 33 -~ :1,,1---~•.J·{···'r' '"'1~~p1, .q 01: '""'~35 ~ 1 ~ ,,_"~·------.._~:P "'' 1.'.'..!k N ORTHVILLE 1 @ ◄I I f ~ j,, ~, t'.. .· t • ~ 2 O 00 ''fl~t.d 32 1L--,.~J••m~~111ll!I I O • l -,t?jd,, 0 r ?-:-: \'I .- ;.'f' ° 0 TOWNSHIP , a:::: ~>\1#;,>S TWP. 0 t -1 ~,ie•c,-. - •'"'"11 t.Rt~i] ',' , 20F o AGRI CULTURE ' 'I -- CJ ~ , -~ 0 0 19 d o ~[YJ_/i~ , ,, --1 M l.!:_{. o '0 ~ -~' _1 h ~T[N 'iii d:'.o o. 0 r ' i °o\~ I o I P0 •~:' ~ ol•o - r I oP~ . , • • .O I\~ Q ,11 - + ., 9/ , 0 }. / cf:.,, o, r g~o' ij f Oaj_c., I. 0 - I 'J{~~ l Y II / ~, r "- I . I r,t ' ~~: ' t LI [ !I I + ....., ., I " R I I 11 I . 711 9 II ~ ~-..J& b ii ~ T W P CE /1:-r.~... ~ ~: E R o ol l' ~--=-I , (;;;;:;·· JilM ~ th I j ·m c,ci . ;;{tlmls~ ~====-:~1;~:q,·:=:=l F. ;i." ., .r.rrtf >. ~Jrn~ . n a.,.. 1 1' ~ '"''~•Oo"~· 0 K. ......·=.=~:=: . ...=t:-~,-:;:~;:• ,..... . . ... 0. ··t,. -..... rt} ··.··.ir·. -,,;•'· ~ - · ..l, .,:;;;t~:1·£ • ;~;;, :•V ~ 'LL 0 ~r NORTHVILLE LIGHT Im: GENERAL . o·o .o' P~· ~ , s : ,,.,.11. ...i ', .. ~180 ~ < §UIVlY ~ I' • r AUGUST, 191' INDU S TR I AL mmIIIIIl C:J S EMI !:<:·. t:/:j p UBL I C IND UST R I A L EX TRA CT IVE PUBL IC ·l·• UtMENtAt'r HHOOl BUSINES S BUSINESS • TOWNSHIP lANO USf ~ 1 _.ti HIGH ~CHOOl BUSINESS EXISTING LAND USE Cl T Y OF NOVI M ICHIG AN I 11.Q_Q_ ...... _1_6~0 3!90 BRANDON M. ROGER S & ASS OCI ATES , P.C c ommunity p l anning c onsultanls ~ �The Existing Land Use Map shows the major land use categories previously described. The City covers an area of approximately 31. 9 square miles, or 20,416 acres. Table 1, Existing Land Use, and Chart 1 presents statistical totals for each category and a comparison with the 1974 survey. Also, existing zoning for each category and percent of said zoning currently vacant is shown. Each of the categories with the accompanying MLCUC code is discussed relevant to use as follows: Residential Single Family Residential ( 113). -- Single family residential land use presently occupies 2,195 acres of land which amounts to about 10. 7 percent of the total area of the City, or more than double that found in 1974. Over 12,000 acres of vacant land zoned for single family use remain in the City. Residential land use is generally found along major roads, areas, most generally, or, in subdivisions. suburban character of the community. This around the lake reflects the increasingly Many subdivisions contain open park- like areas usually as a result of "open space subdivision" and "residential unit developments" for the use of the residents. Because the bulk of growth has occurred within the last 25 years, the housing is in overall good structural condition with little evidence of blighted areas or abandoned homes. pockets of older housing around Walled Lake. There are With lower interest rates and pent up demand for housing, there has been a surge in single family home subdivision development which should cause substantial increase in such land use in Novi. Such development in neighboring City of Farmington Hills was second highest in Oakland County in the 1984-86 period, - 19 - resulting in 9,749 �TABLE 1 EXISTING LANO USE AND ZONING CITY OF NOVI 1986a Land Use Category Acres Percent Percent of of Total Developed 1974b Percent Percent of of Acres Total Developed Areac Zoned 1986 Percent of Total Vacant Zoned Area Vacant Land as a Percent of Total Zoned Area Resi den ti al 2,929 14.3 43.9 1,679 8.8 38.2 15,393 81.0 75.4 12,464 2,193 Single Family 10.7 32.8 l ,22S 6.4 28.0 14,294 12,101 84.7 70.0 Mu 1tip 1e Fami 1y 543 2.7 8.3 282 6.4 1.5 799 3.9 256 33.2 193 0.9 Mobile Home Park 2.8 16E 0.9 3.8 300 107 35.7 1.5 Commercial 539 2.6 8.0 113 0.6 2.6 645 54.5 1,184 5.8 1~ 73 0.4 1.2 0 .1 Office 0.3 322 1.6 249 77 .3 l 50 0.2 0.6 0.1 Local Business 244 1.2 3.7 0.1 862 4.2 396 45.9 Community Business 0.8 2.5 92 0.5 2.1 172 General Business 63.5 694 3.4 10.4 359 1.9 8.2 1,900 9.3 1,206 Industrial 284 1.4 4.3 0.8 3.6 6.9 1,134 80.0 15i 1,417 Light Industrial 4.3 206 42.7 277 1.4 20~ 1.1 4.6 483 2.4 General Industrial 0.6 133 1.8 Extractive 858 4.2 12.9 825 4.3 18.8 Quasi-Public 4.9 Public 318 1.6 168 0.9 3.8 1,320 6.5 19.9 1,246 6.5 28.4 1,320 6.5 Rights-of-Way 6,658 4,390 23.0 100.0 DEVELOPED 32.6 64.4 72 .2 13,139 13,821 Open and Other 620 3.0 926 4.8 620 3.0 Water Bodi es 20,417 100.0 19,137 100.0 100.0 20,417 TOTAL CITY LAND AREA a. Field survey by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., August 1986. b. Field survey by Vilican-Leman & Associates, Inc., May 1974. c. October 1986. ~ N 0 1986 �CHART 1 COMPARATIVE LAND USE CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN 1974 - 1986 LAND USE CA TE GORY 2,193ac Single Femi ly Residential 543 ac Multiple Family Residential rmmmmmm 282 Mobile Home Park - Office 1 73 ac }ff ac 193 ac 168 ac \· ·14 ac Local Business & Shopping I 50 ac LEGEND : 4 ac 1986 Community Business & Shopping ! 3 ac Genera I Business • 172 ac ::,:,:,; :;:;: 92 ac Light Industrial ··········) 1 7 ftt General Industrial - 244ac 5 ac ff{f. Extractive Industrial ■ 284ac 277ac 202 ac 133 ac 0 ac Quasi - Pub Ii c 858 ac 825 ac Public - ff} 318ac 168 ac Rights - of - Way Open (Vacant and Agri cu ltura I) Water Bodies 1,320 ac :t:=t=rt:tm:t:=:1:=ttlfttMM 1 246 , ac .,.,a , ac I 13 139 =====r=r=r=::r(:=:=:r:rrr:rn:=:r:=:r:::::;:::=:===:=::=:===::==:===:=:::=::::::===:::::=z-==ttm::y3·;a:ff~';;{ 620 ac ::·:: ·:·:·::·:·:·:·:·:::::::::::::::(::::dNNNNH - 21 - 926 a c �acres (45% of City area) in single family usage. Considerable land exists in City of Novi for new single family development at planned densities. Multiple Family Residential (111, 112). -- This type of dwelling accounts for approximately 543 acres of land or 2. 7 percent of total land area, again more than double such land use as in 1974. Between 1984 and 1986 Novi ranked fourth among Oakland County localities in new multiple housing residential development. These dwelling units, which consist primarily of apartment and condominium units ( 40% of all dwelling units in City), are found mainly in the southeast quadrant of the City south of Grand River Avenue and east of Novi Road, and near Walled Lake along the northern boundary of the City. New construction is much in evidence in both areas with several new apartment complexes in various stages of completion. Senior citizen demand for this type of housing is evident with the recent construction of Senior House on West Road near Pontiac Trail and three pending senior citizen housing projects ( 1987) in City. Although 256 acres of vacant land zoned for multiple dwelling use existed at time of the 1986 survey, much of this land is being planned for new development in 1987 which will leave little land remaining. Most of the land planned in the 1980 Master Plan is therefore now earmarked for or developed for multiple family housing. Elimination of tax shelter incentives has diminished some de- mand, advent however of proposed planned unit development, condominium housing (e.g., Sandstone) and senior citizen housing (SCH) may reverse the trend. Mobile Home Park (115). -- At the time of the survey, 193 acres of land are used for mobile home parks, or O. 9 percent of the land area within the City. This constitutes 25 more acres than found in 1974. - 22 - Two mobile home �parks ( Novi Meadows, Old Dutch Farms) exist adjacent to one another on the west side of the City along Napier Road south of 12 Mile Road. Chateau is found on the north side of Thirteen Mile Road east of Decker Road. The last two parks ( Country Cousins, Highland Hills Estates) are on either side of 1-96 near the eastern boundary of the City. The 1,833 mobile home sites in these parks constituted in 1987 about 20% of total number of dwelling units in City. This is a substantial percentage as compared to other communities. Com.nercial As of August 1986, approximately 539 acres are occupied by commercial uses in the City. This amounts to 2.6 percent of the total City land area. Compared to 1974 data this represents an increase of 425 acres, or 377 percent increase. shopping Almost half of this total is land used for the four large regional centers either built or actively under construction near the 1-96 Freeway and Novi Road ( Twelve Oaks, West Oaks I, West Oaks 11 and Novi Town Center). Other commercial areas are mainly along Grand River Avenue and Novi Road with a general scattering of various types of commercial near intersection of the Section Line roads. Novi ranked fifth among Oakland County localities in new commercial area growth during the 1984-1986 period. Most of the planned commercial areas in the 1980 City Master Plan are now developed. These types can be classified as follows: Office (1212). -- Office uses constitute approximately 75 acres, percent of the City area and a 436 percent increase since 1974. of these offices are professional offices for - 23 - doctors, dentists, or 0.4 The majority insurance, �realtors and other services. They are generally small in size and intermingled with other business and commercial establishments. Except for some large office buildings in Orchard Hill Place on the west side of Haggerty Road, northerly of Eight Mile Road, few major office buildings exist in the City. However a strong trend in new office development is emerging in the City. Planned or under construction in 1987 are over 1,000,000 square feet of new office space. It is expected that considerably more space will be developed in the City in the future as a continuation of the major office corridor development in Farmington Hills between 1-96 and Twelve Mile Road, and along 1-275 from the south. Such development is occurring in Light Industrial zoned areas which permit office use in strategic 1-96 Freeway frontage sites between Haggerty and Novi Roads. Locations along 1-96 westerly of Novi Road at Westbrooke Place site, along the south side of 1-96 between Taft and Beck Roads, and between Twelve Mile Road and 1-96 have similar office development potentials. Local Business ( 124). -- Approximately 50 acres, land is occupied by this use. groups at small sites in the City. or . 02 percent of City Generally these stores or shops are found in A variety of food, gift, specialty and party stores are typically found in these groups. Community Business ( 122). -- As mentioned earlier, almost one-half of the commercial land, 242 acres, or 1. 2 percent of City land, is found under this use. While much of the area has been built up for several years, the third shopping center, Novi Town Center is presently under construction as well as a major addition to an already existing center (West Oaks 11). These shopping centers are close enough to each other with 1-96 access points to make the area a major target for regional as well as local shopping. - 24 - Approximately 3,000,000 �square feet of community business floor space exists in the City's central one square mile core. This concentration has caused traffic congestion and need for major road improvement plans. General Business ( 123). -- This use presently occupies 172 acres, or 0. 8 percent of City's land area. Included in this classification is a large auto- mobile dealership and a variety of eating and drinking establishments. In- creasingly popular are combination gas station and convenience stores as well as other miscellaneous strip business uses. These certain of the City's major traffic routes, uses occur randomly along mixed with other types of other commercial and nonresidential uses. Industrial There are approximately 694 acres, or 3.4 percent of the total land area in the City used for industrial purposes. of land use since 1974. This represents nearly double this type Light and general industrial uses are found primarily along Grand River Avenue, along Novi Road south of Grand River Avenue, and also along the C&O Railroad corridor. Novi has fourth highest acreage in industrial use in Oakland County next to City of Troy (1,535 acres), City of Pontiac (1,432 acres) and Orion Charter Township ( 882 acres), not counting sand and gravel extractive areas land use statistics. considerable vacant industrially zoned areas, greatest County not counting extractive areas zoned industrial. Furthermore, Novi has quantity in Oakland It is anticipated much of this area will be developed in high tech, R & D and office uses. The land uses are classified in the following manner: - 25 - �Light Industrial ( 135, 136). -- This use accounts for 284 acres in the City, or 1. 4 percent. Included in this are two new industrial parks; one north of Grand River Avenue off of Meadowbrook Road (Vincenti Industrial Park) and the other north of Nine Mile Road on Heslip Drive ( Novex One Industrial Park) which has recently been classified by the State as a Class A Industrial Park. Another future park, recently platted south of Nine Mile Road along Roethel Drive is Novi Industrial Park. General Industrial ( 131-134, inc.). -- Approximately the same amount of land is used for general industrial purposes as for light industrial: 277 acres, or 1.4 percent. This use is found mixed in among the light industrial uses in the areas noted earlier . concrete manufacturing Included are uses ranging from woodchopping and to heavy equipment contractors and metal stamping plants. Extractive ( 1711, 1712). -- The City's geologic past has produced areas of sand and gravel significant enough to attract the construction aggregate industry. Approximately 133 acres, or 0.6 percent of total City land area are utilized for gravel extraction. This is divided into two areas found on the western edge of the City along Eight Mile Road and Napier Roads. areas are not landscape screened, no activities are visible from While the the road; although one area does directly abut a mobile home park. Quasi-Public ( 1213-1215, inc .• 193) Quasi-public land use accounts for 858 acres, or 4. 2 percent of total City land use. A significant element comprising this total are the open areas set aside in certain new subdivisions for the residents' use. many churches, a large athletic field and cemeteries, - 26 - Also included are plus a hospital and a �medical center . Land use in this category has remained about the same since the 1974 survey. Public ( 19, 146, 1213, 1214, 1216, 1218, inc.) City land used for Public purposes occupies approximately 318 acres, or 1.6 percent of the City's land area. since 1974. This represents an 89 percent increase Large areas are occupied by the City's Civic Center complex and Novi Senior High School, as well as the Middle School and a park facility ( Lakeshore Park) near Walled Lake. The remainder is distributed among two elementary parks, schools, several smaller a post office site and utility substations. Rights-of-Way ( 1320. 2) In City of Novi there are 1,320 acres of land in rights-of-way, amounting to 6 . 5 percent of the City's land area. Freeway, the County's road network, Such rights-of-way consist of the 1-96 subdivision streets and local roads. Since most of City is not yet developed or subdivided this percent in rightsof-way is low. Increase in this land use can be expected in future. For single family subdivision development 17-18 percent of land is normally provided for street rights-of-way. Open and Other ( 190) The majority of the City of Novi, percent of the total land area, approximately 13,139 acres, or 64 . 4 is classified as being in open or other use. This amount includes undeveloped property, - 27 - agricultural lands, wetlands and �woodlands. This data reflects the fact that large portions of the City are undeveloped and today still retain a non-urbanized character. These figures show an approximately 5. 5 percent decrease from the 1974 Survey. This trend reflects the preservation, City's growth. recreation With areas current and low emphasis density on natural residential resource environments, considerable open space is expected to be preserved and retained in future. Water Bodies Water bodies account for 620 acres, or three percent of the total City area. These are primarily made up of Walled Lake and smaller Shawood Lake. Also included are several small lakes in the southeast quadrant of the City associated with subdivisions, detention areas. some of which serve as regional storm water It is difficult to rationalize the disparity with the 1974 area total of 926 acres for this use, however, the earlier survey may have included certain lowland wetlands in vicinity of Shawood Lake. - 28 - �POPULATION STUDY AND FORECAST Growth Trends The City of Novi, incorporated in April 1969, has witnessed significant population growth during the 1940-1980 period, when the population increased from 2,316 to 22,525 . In 1987 the City's population is 28,195. 2 Except for a decrease in rate of growth during the 1960 1 s, there has been an increasing rate of growth every decade. ( See Table 2) Recent residential building permit activity is summarized in Table 3. This growth potential and history started in the days of Novi Township and the Village of Novi (formed on October 9, 1958) and is continuing in the 1980 1s owing to the City 's strategic location, available developable land, utilities and proximity to jobs and shopping. While integrally part of the Detroit Metro- politan Region, the City of Novi is one of the principal economic centers of the Region having features conducive for commercial and industrial development. The City is proximate to the fast growing Oakland County communities of Farmington Hills, Southfield, and the Birmingham/Bloomfield area to the east, the Northville/Plymouth/ Ann Arbor areas to the south, and is also easily accessible via freeways to Lansing and Flint areas. Having a strong tax base, good schools and a progressive civic image, the City of Novi can expect to have further 2 population growth. How this growth is accommodated City•s Mid-Decade Census, March 1987. - 29 - with required �TABLE 2 POPULATION GROWTH* for Novi Township (1900-1950) and for City of Novi (1960-1980) 1910 - 1987 Year Percent Increase Population Average Annual Population Increase/ Decade 1910 1,226 1920 1,227 1930 1,571 28.0 34 1940 2,316 47.4 74 1950 3,827 65.2 151 1960 6,390 67.0 256 1970 9,668 51.2 327 1980 22,525 133.0 1,285 1987 28,195 25.2 810 * Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census: Census of Population, Michigan; Oakland County Planning Division; Mid-Decade City Census, March 1987. - 30 - �TABLE 3 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED* 1978 - 1986 CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN Year Single Family 1975 232 1976 245 1977 176 212 212 1978 279 48 196 1979 251 1980 107 1981 35 90 1982 41 16 1983 255 1984 233 1985 256 1986 Apartment Condo Townhouse Mobile Home Total Permits Issued 247 15 309 64 88 600 37 582 101 251 10 48 117 15 52 140 142 81 60 144 315 168 125 401 738 157 146 1,151 188 566 45 76 799 1987 328 478 10 51 867 Totals 2,626 2,163 937 1,046 5,860 * Source: 59 24 83 Department of Building & Safety, City of Novi, January 1988. - 31 - �CHART 2 BUILDING PERMITS City of Novi, Michigan 1975 - 1987* ,800 700 600 500 400 300 .• · -t---t--+---t---+----+--+--+--t--+--+-_j~-1.J 200 Single Family Homes ...... 100 1975 1 76 '77 '78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 1 Q) * City Records - 32 - 86 '87 �municipal services, adequate roads, and governmental responsiveness will reflect in the qua Iity of Iife for its residents and workers. Population Distribution At present ( 1987) the City is nearly one-third developed. Most housing is found in the southeast quadrant of the City with emerging new subdivisions in the west central part. Older housing surrounds Walled Lake, homes in many instances converted from resort summer use. The City's five mobile home parks are generally at the edges of the City. Population split among housing types as found in the 1986 Existing Land Use Survey 3 was: Number Average Family Size Poeulation Single family detached homes 5,086 14,139 2.78 Mobile homes 1,833 4,124 2.25 Multiple dwellings ( apartments and condos) 3,998 8,755 2. 19 10,917 27,018 2 . 47 Total It is noted that about 52 percent of the City's population reside in conventional single family homes. Were the 2,782 apartment and condo units, which are pending and have already received in 1986 preliminary site plan or final site plan approval, built and occupied then the percent of single family homes including new subdivisions underway to total housing units in the City would decline. However, recent trends point to a strong increase in new single family subdivisions because of attractive mortgage rates and demand. 3 Existing Land Use Survey, City of Novi, Brandon M. ates, P.C., August 1986 . - 33 - Rogers & Associ- �Population Forecast A study to establish a population projection to the Year 2010 for the City of Novi was undertaken by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. This study utilizes existing and future trend data to forecast projected population for the City by five year intervals. The following sources of data were utilized to establish these projections. - City of Novi Planning Department, Building Department - Southeast Michigan Council of Governments - Oakland County Planning Division - University of Michigan, Department of Natural Resources - Eastern Michigan University, Department of Geography and Geology - U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census - Novi Community School District In order to provide backup and framework for conclusions reached later in this section, various methodologies and data are discussed. Oakland County Planning Division Oakland County prepared a January 1, 1987 population estimate for the City of Novi utilizing the housing unit method of population estimation. This method utilizes residential building permit and demolition data, vacancy rates and persons per household figures. - 34 - �As to real population growth Table 4 illustrates that Novi ranked third behind City of Rochester Hills ( +16,597) and City of Farmington Hills ( +11, 944). Using the Mid-Decade Census figure of 28,000, Novi would have experienced a 5,475 population growth since 1980 and would still have had rate of growth sixth highest among County localities. TABLE 4 RANKED NUMERICAL CHANGES OF POPULATION FOR COMMUNITIES IN OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN* 1980 1987 U.S. Census Poeulation Municieal itJ'. 1. Rochester Hi 11 s City 40,779 22,525 Population Estimates 57,376 31,338 8,939 70,000 Numerical Change Percent Change +16,597 + 8,813 + 2,234 +11,944 +40.70 +39.12 +33.32 2. NOVI CITY 3. Wixom City 6,705 4. Farmington Hills City 58,056 + 5,401 5. West Bloomfield Twp. 41,962 47,363 + 6,438 6. Troy City 73,540 67,102 + 5,504 7. Waterford Township 69,754 64,250 + 6,387 8. Southfield City 81,955 75,568 + 2,060 9. Bloomfield Township 44,936 42,876 10. Royal Oak City + 1,014 71,907 70,893 * 1987 Oakland County Poeulation and Housing Estimates, Oakland County Planning Division, September 1987. +20.57 +12.87 + 9.59 + 8.57 + 8.45 + 4.80 + 1.43 Based upon Table 4 data, when ranked as to percentage change of population from 1980 to 1987, the City of Novi was second. Out of the 61 local units of government in Oakland County, Novi ranked third in percentage of growth. SEMCOG In 1984, SEMCOG adopted Version '84 of the Small Area Forecast for use in the Council's long range planning and review activities. The Regional Forecast provides projections of growth in population, households and employment for the entire region. The Forecast projections - 35 - are in five year intervals and are �projected to the Year 2005. Population projections were derived from the projections of household characteristics. Household projections were developed by estimating the capacity for household growth within each community based on master plans, zoning ordinances and existing land use. Time series of building permit data were fitted to a logistic growth model, using the estimate of capacity for future growth as a growth limit. The logistic curve describes a pattern of development in which the rate of growth in a community increases in the early stages of development and begins to decrease as the capacity for further growth is exhausted. ( See Appendix A re. methodology) SEMCOG's projections for City of Novi were as shown in Table 5. TABLE 5 SEMCOG SMALL AREA FORECAST, VERSION '84* Change% Change 1980 Total Population .. . . . Households ........... Persons per Houshold. 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 19802005 22675. 25530. 28983. 32198. 35181. 38092. 15417. 8036. 8887. 10759. 12611. 14589. 16472. 8436. 2.82 2.41 2.31 -.51 2.87 2.69 2.55 19802005 68.0 105.0 -18.0 POPULATION BY AGE - 14 ...... 19 ...... 34 ...... 44 ...... 64 ...... ...... 1667. 3831. 1791. 6607. 3161. 4241. 1377. 1838. 4206. 2348. 6882. 3362. 5140. 1754. 1977. 4568. 2512. 7153. 4287. 6005. 2479. 2079. 4859. 2632. 7262. 5247. 6837. 3282. 2148. 5090. 2713. 7235. 6227. 7629. 4139. 2550. 5457. 2843. 7384. 5973. 9425. 4457. 883. 1626. 1052. 777. 2812. 5184. 3080. 53.0 42.4 58.7 11.8 89.0 122.2 223.7 Median Age ......... 29.19 29.53 31.39 33.49 35.65 36.36 7 .17 24.5 Age: * 0 5 15 20 35 45 65+ 4 ...... SEMC0G, Minor Civil Division Reeort, June 21, 1984. - 36 - �Novi Community School District With the continuing and anticipated growth in the City of Novi, the task force on Facilities Committee of the Novi Community School District was formed to evaluate and recommend a course of action related to existing school facilities. The Task Force Report also made projections of average student per family projections for School Years 1987/88 through 1989/90. Also they pro- jected an anticipated total student population for those same years given proposed development within the School District. The methods used to establish projected school population were as follows: 1. Constant Growth Method - This method projects student increase from 1987-88 and assumes that it will remain constant for the balance of the projected period through 1989-1990 based upon anticipated construction trends. 2. 5 Year and 3 Year History Method - This method projects student increase based upon average increases of each class as it proceeds from kindergarten through 12th grade. 3. Straight Line Method - This method projects an enrollment by project- ing forward year by year each student enrollment as of the fourth Friday of 1986/87 and assumes that they were promoted to the next grade for each of the next three years. 4. Survival Method - This method utilizes a five year historical view of the school district by determining the number of students that survive from one year to the next. The percentage that survive is considered for each grade - 37 - �SCHOOL DISTRICTS SERVING CITY OF NOVI SOUTH LYON CHOOL DISTRICT :SO iI ·-·-·-·-,-· H NORTHVILLE SCHOOL DISTRICT ]I 32 - 38 - 1a �level and five year average percentages then used to project for future enrollment. Based upon the above four methods, the following projections of enrollment for the Novi School District were found. ( See Appendix B for data for each method, including projected enrollments by grade.) TABLE 6 PROJECTED ENROLLMENTS NOVI COMMUNITY SCHOOLS DISTRICT* 1986-87 Method 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1. Constant Growth 3,763 4,056 4,349 2. 5 Year History 3,582 3,664 3,803 3. 3 Year History 3,615 3,737 3,924 4. Straight Line 3,462 3,411 3,403 3,592 3,717 3,484 ~ 5. Survival Fourth Friday Count September 1986 3,474 * Novi Community School District, Task Force on Facilities Committee Report, December 18, 1986. Future Population Projection To project an estimate of the population for the City of Novi to the Year 2010, one must first review which of the regional models may provide the most appropriate data for consideration. SEMCOG and the Oakland County Planning Division data utilize the same basic beginning, :;-. ,. that being household units. They project forward by determining a family size ( persons per household) then - 39 -= - -- - --- �multiply the household units by the estimated family size. This may be an over simplification but it provides data that can be used on a regional basis. However, any regional data has to be refined to make it apply to that region. If a community within the region does not fit the norm, then the data for that community must be determined by an individual compilation. In this study, the regional model ( households and family size) was taken and used to determine projections. used. As noted earlier, the However . current local information was also Novi Community School District information which can be used to compute average family size. established With an actual count of students, a value can be determined for family size and further it can be broken down into existing subdivisions, subcategories: 2) multiple family complexes. 1) single family size households single family subdivisions still developing, for and 3) These counts can be averaged by determining the percent of the total dwelling units that each category represents as described in Table 7 . Further, an estimate of the average family size can be projected by determining the future number of housing units that are proposed within the District and the occupied dwelling unit occupancy rate. (See Table 8) To provide an estimate for the school years 1987/1988 through 1989/1990, the Novi Community Schools established an average student per household for those years of . 78 for Single Family and .1918 for Multiple Family in their 1986 Task Force Study. With these two values: 1) family size and, 2) household units, one can arrive at population data for the Novi School District. - 40 - �TABLE 7 NOVI COMMUNITY SCHOOLS EXISTING AND ESTIMATED STUDENT PER HOUSEHOLD* 85/86 86/87 87 /88 88/89 89/90 Average Average Average Average Average Student % of Student % of Student % of Student % of Student Total per Total per Total per Total per Total per Units Units Household Units Units Household Units Units Household Units Units Household Units Units Hou seho 1 d % of Single Family -"" I-' 1. Developed Subdivisions 2070 38.9 .7932 2070 34.8 .7633 2. Still Developing Subdivisions 989 18.6 .7341 1060 17.8 .8556 - 3. Proposed Subdivisions ( 1 + 2) Mu 1 ti p1 e Fam i 1y 4. Existing 2252 42.5 .21 2816 47.4 TOTALS 5311 100.0 .534 -- 49.4 .78 3550 48.2 .78 3803 44.7 .78 3420 50.6 .1918 3819 51.8 .1918 4703 55.3 .1918 .1918 5. Proposed (4 + 5) -- 3343 -5946 100.0 .509 6763 100.0 .482 - * Fourth Friday Enrollment and Estimate for Future Development Actually Proposed, Novi Community Schools 1986 Complied Statistics for Novi Community School Di strict only. 7369 100.0 .475 8506 100.0 .455 �TABLE 8 DEVELOPMENT IN THE NOVI COMMUNITY SCHOOLS DISTRICT PROJECTED ENROLLMENT / PROPOSED SUBDIVISION AND APARTMENT COMPLEX 1987-1990* Sub/ Apt Aeartments Fountain Park Fountain Park I I Saddle Creek Saddle Creek Woodland Glens Wi 11 ow Pl ace Country Lane Applegate II Beacon Hill Braes of Novi 12.5 & Meadowbrook Units 87-88 180 35 38 43 4 9 11 20 30 75 93 98 20 66 10 8 203 50 11 61 32 61 32 77 77 158 39 367 16 23 59 73 76 16 51 8 6 158 39 887 16 23 59 73 76 16 51 8 6 237 283 Total 35 14 38 38 43 4 9 38 200 200 224 20 48 59 320 164 400 Total Students * 89-90 14 72 Single Famil~ Pebble Ridge Pebble Ridge II Yorkshire I & II Yorkshire I II Simmons Orchards No. 3 Deerbrook I Deerbrook II Whispering Meadows Sunrise Cedarsprings Estates Simmons Orchards No. 4 88-89 Novi Community School District, Task Force on Facilities Committee Report, December 18, 1986. To determine a population and projected population for_ the entire City, an absolute count must be provided of existing household units. In August 1986, a field survey was completed as part of the Existing Land Use Study, Master Plan Update Phase 11. existing residential ( See Table 9) uses as well as This study provides data concerning proposed residential uses. The actual counts give an accounting of what exists and what can be anticipated for the future. Since this survey, several new projects have been proposed in the fall - 42 - �TABLE 9 CITY OF NOVI EXISTING HOUSEHOLD COUNT AUGUST 1986 Multiple Familv Section Single Family Detached Homes 1 2 14 169 3 282 Mobile Home Parks Chateau Estates 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 7 88 55 76 24 13 63 58 17 Country Cousins 18 7 Novi Meadows Old Dutch Farm 19 20 21 22 4 49 197 350 23 488 98 Future Apartments/ Condos 725 Beachwalk Apts. 240 Westgate VI Apts. Harbor Cove Condo Senior House 4 24 Existing Apartments/ Condos 232 17 114 Waterview Farms Lakeside 660 Apts. 208 Portsmouth Pl.840 Sandstone PUD Highland Hills Estates, Inc. 1495 216 Glen Oaks Apts. 90 Fountain Park West Apts. Tree Top Meadows Apts. 193 401 293 198 Applegate I Condos Old Orchard Condos (Continued) - 43 - Beacon Hill 320 Applegate I I Condos 59 120 140 240 �TABLE 9 CITY OF NOVI EXISTING HOUSEHOLD COUNT AUGUST 1986 (Continued) Multiele Famil~ Section Single Family Detached Homes 25 1,040 26 344 6 145 18 18 34 86 34 426 35 18 36 Mobile Home Parks Future Apartments/ Condos Country Lane Twelve Oaks 60 Apts. Townhouses Stonehenge Condos 296 Lakewood Park Home Condos 458 Village Place 24 Townhouse Pavilion Court Apts. 377 Novi Ridge Apts. 261 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Existing Apartments/ Condos 182 Saddle Creek Apts. 48 400 North Hills Village Apts. 180 Wi 11 ow Place Country Place Apts. Condos 500 Woodland Glens 304 Apts. Glen Haven 90 Condos 20 Crosswinds West 208 Condos Highline Club 160 Apts. 622 I p-otals 5, 086 1,833 4,433 3,837 Source: Field Survey,August 1986 by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. Note: Some "Future" multiple housing projects were partially occupied in October 1986. Some "Existing" projects will not be fully occupied until early or mid 1987. - 44 - �of 1986 (e.g., Fountain Park West Apartments-II (59), Centrum Apartments (188) at southwest corner of 12-1/2 Mile and Novi Roads, and condo cluster, stacked units and detached single family units in the Sandstone PUD, Section 11 ( 1620). In a further review of proposed residential development and discussions with developers and builders, it can be assumed that increased housing construction will continue. To provide a precise estimate would be impossible; since at the current rate of fast development Novi is already at SEMCOG's 1990 estimate for households. If the national as well as the local economy rate is maintained, the development picture in Novi will continue strong. To establish a reasonable family size beyond 1990, a review of work done by the regional planning agencies as well as educational institutions in the area resulted in these findings: 1. Family size will continue to decrease . 2. The decrease will slow by Year 2000. Three scenarios were used to project the City's population to Year 2010. These are: Scenario A Dwelling unit growth experienced in the 1975-85 period would continue in the 1985-95 period and taper - 45 - off thereafter (372/year) (350/year) as �."' the City becomes more fully developed, densities remain moderately low, and identified environmental resource areas are reserved. Scenario B Rate of dwelling unit construction in the 1980-86 period (5.6%/year) would characterize growth in the future, reflecting past slow and fast years' growth . No change in rate contemplated in planning period. Scenario C Rate of dwelling unit construction in the 1983-86 period ( 8. 26%/year) would continue to 1995 and lessen to that of Scenario B thereafter. Table 10 projects these scenarios by five year intervals. The Planning Consultant believes that the most probable growth is likely to be in between that projected in Scenarios A and B, or about 60,000 by Year 2010. For Year 2005 this intermediate projection would be about 50,700. This projection is higher than the Year 2005 SEMCOG project of 38,092 ( Table 5) even though the Consultant's average persons per household size of 2. 256 is lower than that of SEMCOG's for that year ( 2. 31). In order to determine the holding capacity of the City based upon the Master Plan for Land Use's recommended future residential areas, as amended to September 1987, and the Residential Density Patterns map, the maximum expected population is projected at 73,473. ( Table 11.) This population count would mean that vacant residentially zoned areas would be developed to their planned maximum densities. Under this assumption is the anticipation that the approved Sandstone unit planned development in Section 11 is developed, residential densities for RM-1 and RM-2 Districts will remain in place, - 46 - that the and that �~ -- ! ) TABLE 10 POPULATION PROJECTIONS City of Novi* --- Scenario 1980a 1985b 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 42, 723 19,219 A Population Households 22,675 8,036 25,970 10,249 29, 727 12,109 33,190 13,969 36,169 15,719 39,410 17,469 B Population Households 22,675 8,036 25,970 10,249 32,204 13,118 39,895 16, 791 49,453 21,492 Population Households 22,675 8,036 25,970 10,249 35,550 14,481 48,615 20,461 60,263 26,190 62,060 27,509 --75,627 33,523 2.301 2.256 -- +:" -...J C - ... -- Persons/Household 78,274 35,211 ----95,386 42,909 -- 2.82 2.534 2.455 2.376 * Projections by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., March 1987. a. U.S. Decennial Census, 1980. b. Estimate based on 1980 - 1984, plus half of 1985, building permits and average family size of 2.78/single fa111ily, 2.25/mobile home unit, and 2.19/multiple dwelling residential unit. 2.223 �recommended residential areas on the Master Plan will substantially remain the same . years. This build-out development is not likely to occur within the next 20-25 However, if current growth of recent years continues, this total development would possibly occur prior to Year 2010. TABLE 11 PROJECTED HOLDING CAPACITIES City of Novi* City Sector Existing and Planned Dwelling Units Planned Population a Area north of 1-96 8,456 20,920 Area south of 1-96 and east of C&O RR 8,075 19,865 Area south of 1-96 and west of C&O RR 12,152 32,688 28,683 73,473 TOTAL * Projections by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., December 1987. a. Based upon current persons/household size and housing mix by Sector. Were forecasted Year 2010 persons/household size reached, total City population would be 63,762. - 48 - �HOUSING & DENSITY STUDY Introduction One of the important components of an update of the City's Master Plan for Land Use is an inventory and analysis of past housing trends, existing housing characteristics and future needs. The City is currently experiencing a variety of new housing projects ranging from condo and rental multiple projects to cluster projects, single family subdivisions and residential unit developments (RUD). As one reviews housing needs, one will need to be aware of the concerns 4 and views of the City of Novi as expressed in the City's Philosophy Statement. This statement was the result of several all day workshops in Winter 1986 with the Mayor, members of City Council and Planning Commission, City Department heads, and City Consultants. were considered. Concerns of residents, merchants and developers The statement's references to housing were: "We will make every effort to preserve our water courses and wetlands, to guard our air and soil from contamination, to protect our natural woodlands, to save as many trees as possible in any type of development, and to plant still more trees along our streets and throughout the City for future generations. We see room in our community for all types of housing. Despite the urbanization which is to some extent inevitable, we believe there is still room for small farms and large residential lots. It is our commitment to plan and provide for these types of residential uses for a long period of time into the future. To minimize any possible harm to the integrity of our residential neighborhoods, we propose to centralize nonresidential uses in specific sections of the City. Where distance between residential and nonresidential uses cannot be achieved, our intention is to soften the effect on the residential uses through barriers, buffering, or beautification requirements. In rare instances where it is necessary for the convenience of residents to have commercial services integrated with residential uses, the utmost care must be taken in the placement and intensity of the foreign use. 11 4 City of Novi Philosophy Statement, op. cit. - 49 - �It will be the intent of this study to review past, existing and future housing needs . The future housing needs will be addressed through the estab- lishment of 17 planning areas that will be evaluated as to housing capacity. This will provide the establishment of a cap for each area for population as well as housing units. The expected type of housing will also be studied to determine dwelling unit requirements as they relate to senior citizens. Housing Trends Housing construction and the outlook for future development can be expected to remain favorable. Authorizations for future construction projects in Oakland County rose to over $400 million in the first quarter of 1987, versus about $300 million in 1986. buildings and alterations, Future work on new residential and nonresidential which usually generate 90 percent of overall con- struction activity, climbed over 30 percent from 1986's corresponding period. Simultaneously, $265 million of new building construction work, the product of earlier awards, was started into place. 5 building starts begun in 1986. This compares with $231 million of On Table 12 are listed the top ten communities in the seven county Southeast Michigan region regarding residential construction permits during the first six months of 1987. These communities accounted for about 40 percent of the total permits issued in the region during this period. Among the top ten, the City of Novi ranked fifth for total permits ( 509) for all types of housing, eighth for single family detached homes ( 181), and second for multi-family units ( 328). This evidenced strength in the housing construction sector is expected to continue strong in the second half of 1987. Table 13 illustrates the recovery in housing starts since the 1980-82 recession. 5 The Local Business Review, July 1987. Trends, Pontiac - 50 - State Bank NBD, First Quarter �TABLE 12 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS JANUARY - JUNE 1987 SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN AREA LEADERS* Community Detached Single Family Units Two Family Units MultiFamily Units Gross Total Units Less Demolitions Net Total Units Clinton Charter Township 210 12 557 779 12 767 Sterling Heights 370 4 344 718 16 702 Rochester Hills 326 84 182 592 8 584 West Bloomfield Township 249 307 556 4 552 NOVI 181 328 509 2 507 Farmington Hi 11 s 191 301 492 9 483 Ann Arbor Shelby Township Auburn Hills Livonia 72 16 299 387 209 2 120 331 5 326 2 326 328 7 321 192 92 284 8 276 387 * SEMCOG, Residential Construction 2 First Six Months 1987, September 1987. SEMCOG region includes Wayne, Oakland, Macomb, St. Clair, Livingston, Washtenaw, and Monroe Counties. - 51 lj �TABLE 13 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED* 1978 - 1986 NOVI, MICHIGAN Year Single Fami 1y Apartmenta Condoa Townhouse a Mobile Home Total Permits Issued 247 1975 232 15 1976 245 1977 176 212 212 1978 279 48 196 1979 251 1980 107 1981 35 90 1982 41 16 1983 255 1984 233 1985 256 1986 309 64 88 600 37 582 101 251 10 48 117 15 52 140 142 81 60 144 315 168 125 401 738 157 146 1,151 188 566 45 76 799 1987 328 478 10 51 867 Totals 2,626 2,163 927 1,046 5,860 59 24 83 * Source: Department of Building & Safety, City of Novi, January 1988. a. Number of dwe 11 i ng units indicated. - 52 - �Past and Present Housing Conditions Existing housing units in the City of Novi have increased from 1960 to 1987 by a total increase which of 10,534 dwelling highlights the units. rapid This development represents a 528 taking place in percent not only Oakland County but the City of Novi in particular. Examining housing trends from U.S. Decennial Censuses in six comparable urbanizing communities ( Table 14) it may be seen that the City of Novi has experienced significant growth rate in housing unit development. In the 1970 - 1980 period Novi witnessed a growth of 5,909 dwelling units, or a 214 percent increase as compared to only a 38 percent increase in the 1960 - 1970 decade. Comparative communities showed that in the 1970-80 period Farmington Hills had a 172 percent, Troy 87 percent, West Bloomfield Township 69 percent, Southfield 46 percent, and Livonia 21 percent, increases. Novi's growth in multiple housing units was more spectacular from 1970 1980. There was a 20 fold increase in units (2,924). occurred prior to 1970. Little such development Other municipal growth rates for multiples during this period were West Bloomfield Township (492%), Farmington Hills (197%), Southfield ( 157%), Livonia (84%), and Troy (56%). A survey of existing land uses conducted in 1986 and updated in 1987 counted each dwelling unit as to type of dwelling. bers of units in each category. 6 Single Family Homes 5,086 Mobile Homes 1,833 Apartment/ Condo Units 4,433 The following are the num- 11,352 Future Planned Single Family Homes/ Apartments/ Condo Units 3,837 Total 6 15,189 Existing Land Use Study, Master Plan Update - Phase 11, August 1986. - 53 - �TABLE 14 HOUSING TRENDS CITY OF NOVI AND COMPARATIVE COMMUNITIES 1960 - 1980* 1960 Number of Housing Communit) Units 1970 Number of HousMultSingle iple ing Family Family Units 1980 Number of Mu1tHousSingle iple ing Family Family Units Single Family Multiple Family Farmington Hills 7,417 7,288 129 13,652 11,658 1,994 21,551 15,622 5,929 Livonia 17,941 17,784 154 28,130 27,103 1,027 33,012 31,121 1,891 NOVI 1, 994 1,895 99 2,758 2,611 147 8,667 5,596 3,071 Southfield 9,103 9,042 61 21,354 16,443 4,911 31,289 18,651 12,638 Troy 5,403 5,181 222 12,657 8,698 3,959 23,750 17,551 6,199 West Bloomfield Township 4,763 4,739 24 8,035 7,860 175 13,632 12,595 1,037 * U.S. Decennial Censuses, 1960, 1970, 1980. - 54 - - l �) ... ' C O M \4 E R C E. 7.3 T W P Ct Ty 0 ~ W A L L E D L. A I< E CO ERCE T W P I'1· 1·«-,., .J,,j 7 3-IL.JT MM ·'-, I ,~ ~ \\. 4.0 ''-J,l'J~"'WA L LED \ r- i L AKE lf ,, i1 I I· T 0.8 !1 I ii I I 8.0 I i i i i r !~rlI t 1( I~ j -- if' A 1~Dir ,J,_,_,,. ,___J., .i e- I l t /08 1,·· rt· =··- ·- ·· ·- .•.• ,_..1(l ...___ I I C I T t:\•H ~~- 1 if L I '1 1 0.8 ~-J ,·-,rr ■11 "'~_ . ,,. 7 ~'@ ------+------ ·,\Ii I 30 0 .8 : !II I t ) ,'- l 1 i j - h31,1- 0.8 132 ' I ~ -I E 1G 1< f H - •- •- •- O R T H VI L L E -r ~ r I: h' . ( • 11:; 11 Mil[ 8 ~ -- ~ --~~ TO W NSHI ~ GIIJ ,. 1• MILE N P '. ' ~f!sabt-' ORT H VILLE ' \ , .-I li I...., l. +; r TO W N S H I P DWELLING UNITS PER ACRE CURRENT SANITARY SEWER SERVICE AREA • - - POTENTIAL SANITARY SEWER SERVICE AREA FLOOOWAY a WETLAND AREAS 0 RESIDENTIAL DENSITY PATTERNS CITY -~ : OF NOVI MICHIGAN I 8 00 ..... 16~00 BRANDON M. RO GERS a ASSO CI ATE S, P. C co m m un ity pla nnin g co n sultants r,~ �LA at I I , _, __ __j_ I 1- - - 1 4p - l I ! • @ ■ H•n•• - • 'I f N ~ILL PLANNING SECTOR t AREA CODE NUMBER BOUNDARIES RESIDENTIAL PLANNING AREAS CITY OF NOVI MICHIGAN I IAAHOON .._ IIOOIIIII I ASSOC IA JU, P.C. comm.,nltr plo,u1h19 · conouo,.1, �These totals put the current housing stock in 1987 at 12,219 with 3,837 future single family homes/ apartments/ condos slated to be constructed in the near short term . With the projected stability in the residential construction sector, these dwelling unit numbers will continue to increase at their present rate. From available U.S. Census data housing values and rentals are set forth in Table 15 for six comparable urbanizing communities. Novi's housing values and rent levels have substantially increased and as of 1980 had risen above those in the City of Livonia. In 1980 average housing values were $80,100, average rentals - $305 /month. Future Proiections To determine how many dwelling units are required to house the expected future residents of Novi, the population projections developed for the Master 7 Plan Update are utilized. The holding capacity of the City has been established to be 73,473 population and 28,683 housing units based upon the proposed Residential Density Map ( see Map 2). The dwelling unit capacities are influenced by both future development planning and zoning polices. For this study 17 separate geographic planning areas were established for statistical analysis ( see Map 3). housing units were determined. With each area the total number of existing In addition, expected number of dwelling units in approved apartment, condominium and single family subdivision developments were calculated. (See Table 16.) Table 17, referring to the same geographic areas, reflects the dwelling unit capacity that is remaining in each area. The total dwelling unit capacity remaining City-wide is 12,303. As previously noted, the estimated dwelling unit holding capacity is 28,693 housing units. This capacity is now approximately one-third utilized, and with completion of known housing plans as of December 1987, percent utilization. would result in 53 As projected in the Population Study and Forecast, it is expected that about 60,000 people will live in the City of Novi by Year 2010. 7 Population Study and Forecast, Master Plan Update, Phase II, September 1987. - 55 - �TABLE 15 HOUSING VALUE AND RENTS CITY OF NOVI AND COMPARATIVE COMMUNITIES 1960 - 1980* 1960 1980 1970 Median Housing Value Median Rent Median Housing Value Median Rent Median Housing Value Median Rent $17,000 $72 $37,500 $185 $ 87,100 $363 Livonia 16,600 84 27,100 164 61,000 290 NOVI 15,900 68 26,100 110 80,lOOa 304 Southfield 18,700 74 36,000 247 67,200 368 Troy 17,000 - 29,800 198 83,500 348 West Bloomfield Township 19,000 - 46,000 152 107,000 404 Community Farmington Hi 11 s * U.S. Decennial Censuses, 1960, 1970, 1980. a. Estimated median housing value in 1987 is $110,000. Based upon new building permits issued in 1987, median value is expected to rise substantially in 1988. Source: City Assessor, November 1987. Senior Citizen Housing There is a need in the City of Novi for affordable, efficient elderly housing. The City's population mix is witnessing increasing number of persons over 8 50 years of age for whom little if any housing is designed today in the City. As a result of surveys by the Senior Housing Committee and the City Planning Commission's SCH Subcommittee, a need for such housing is clearly evident. In 1987 an amendment to the City's Zoning Ordinance was adopted to permit, as a special land use in certain zoning districts allowing residential uses, various types of senior citizen housing. ~- 8 The Novi News, "More October 8, 1987, p. 10A. Affordable - 56 - Housing for Seniors in Demand", �TABLE 16 EXISTING CITY AND PLANNED DWELLING UNITS - 1987 CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN* Planning Area 1 Existing Dwellinq Units Single Multiple Family Family - Planned Future Dwellinl Unitsa Single Condo/ Fami 1y ApartPlats ments 322 Total Existing and Planned Dwelling Units 1,500 1,822 2 36 - - 36 3 511 1,214 1,725 4 90 5 55 6 8 - - 7 60 694 8 17 9 213 10 403 - 11 586 891 379 1,856 12 1,301 1,397 48 2,746 13 640 1,262 20 2,032 14 - - 400 400 15 770 180 378 - 1,328 16 92 - 373 - 465 17 215 - 121 - 90 1,490b 1,545 - 8 - 803 - 17 413 - 626 197 - 600 49 110 336 ' TOTAL 4,997 5,960 1,641 3,837 ' * Computations by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., October 1987. a. Projects which have received preliminary site plan approval as of October 1987. b. Sandstone PUD. - 57 - 16,435 �TABLE 17 DWELLING UNIT CAPACITIES CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN* Planning Area Total Dwelling Unit Capacity Existing Dwelling Units 1 1,924 322 2 516 3 Planned Future Owe 11 i ng Units 1,500 Total Existing and Planned Remaining Dwelling Capacity (Dwelling Units)a Units 1,822 102 36 36 480 2,856 1,725 1,725 1,131 4 860 90 90 770 5 1,490 55 6 810 8 7 2,474 754 8 645 17 9 1,485 213 10 1,138 11 1,490 1,545 8 802 803 1,671 17 628 413 626 859 403 197 600 538 2,445 1,477 379 1,856 589 12 3,131 2,698 48 2,746 385 13 2,499 1,902 130 2,032 467 14 854 400 400 454 15 1,798 950 378 1,328 470 16 1,926 92 373 465 1,461 17 1,832 215 121 336 1,496 28,683 10,957 5,478 16,435 12,303 TOTALS 49 *Computations by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., December 1987. a. Attainment of proposed densities is subject to actual site characteristics. From experience, densities could be up to 10 percent less owing to parcel and lot size variations. - 58 - �Currently, there is one elderly housing facility in the City - Senior House, a new 112 unit congregate care establishment on West Road south of Pontiac Trail. There are three pending proposals for senior citizen housing: 1. Westminster Village, west side of Haggerty Road between Ten Mile and Nine Mile Road . 2. South Pointe, south side of South Lake Drive between Novi Road and West Road. 3. Pineview Adult Condominiums, west side of Novi Road, between Nine Mile and Ten Mile Roads. Considering housing purchase or rental costs, there concern for more affordable housing for the elderly. is an increasing Alternative means to achieve such housing should be further explored and strategies developed for financing. Future Housing Mortgage Trends With increasing mortgage interest rates in Fall of 1987, the biggest impact is on residential housing. Purportedly a one percentage point or more knocks 9 out a part of the market that does not qualify for mortgage. Principal impact is on sales of 11 starter 11 homes and modestly priced housing. justable mortgages will soften rising interest rate's impact. has also discouraged investment shelters in multiple Availability of adThe new tax law housing developments. Warning signs in health of the home building industry would be steep discounts in home prices and offers to subsidize interest rates through "creative financing." Implementation To implement goals and objectives of the Housing & Density Study, several amendments to the City's Zoning Ordinance and Master Plan have been effected and other revisions proposed. 9 In early 1987, densities for RM-1, The Wall Street Journal, October 9, 1987, p . ,. - 59 - RM-2, and �RM-1 /PD-1 were reduced in the City's Zoning Ordinance. As reference, these changes are reflected in Table 18 which show the new standards and the former standards. Exempted from the density and maximum percent of dwelling unit types were senior citizen housing which is regulated under the SCH special land use Ordinance provisions. Further, multiple dwelling and cluster housing structures were required to set back further from interior lot lines ( 75' vs. 30 1 ) and provide at least a 45 degree building orientation to such lines. Also in 1987 densities for cluster housing were reduced to those for conventional single family detached homes (e.g"I 3.3 units per acre in R-4 zones). In October 1987 similar reductions to these densities was effected for Open Space Subdivisions and Residential Unit Developments (RUD). Pending are further amendments to introduce Open Space Subdivision and RUD options into the R-A District classification. In September 1987, the City Planning Commission initiated a series of area-wide rezonings to apply lower residential density district classifications in outlying parts of City with limited City infrastructure and services, reflecting on the City's Philosophy Statement to guide residential development having a distinct character and recognizing creative use of natural features. The net effect of these Ordinance changes is to lower densities City-wide and encourage more spacious housing sites. Through this policy preservation of woodlands, wetlands and other environmental resources is expected to be furthered and the City's Philosophy Statement followed. Summary The present state of housing development in City of Novi reflects a strong market for single family detached home subdivision development and apartment and condo units. property remains. Little vacant multiple family zoned or Master Plan designated Possible new PUD and residential unit developments may occur. Most of the 47 percent of the City's vacant residentially zoned area is currently planned for low density housing and, based upon the proposed Residential Density Plan, would accommodate about 12,303 dwelling units. - 60 - �TABLE 18 ZONING DISTRICT DENSITIES CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN Zoning District Permitted Stories R-A 2-1/2 R-1 2-1/2 R-2 Dwelling Unit Size (Bedrooms) Room Count Maximum Density DU 1 s/gross acre New Former Ordinance Ordinance Maximum Percent of Dwelling Units New Former Ord. Ord. - 0.8 1.0 (1 acre) - - - 1.65 1.65 (1/2 acre) - - 2-1/2 - - 2.0 2.0 (18,000 sq.ft. - R-3 2-1/2 - - 2.7 2.7 (12,000 sq.ft. - R-4 2-1/2 - - 3.3 3.3 (10,000 sq.ft. RT 2-1/2 - ,_ 4.8 4.8 (7,500 sq.ft.) - - 1, 2 (35 1 max.) Efficiency 1 21.8 28.1 5% 1 BR 2 10.9 14.1 20% - 2 BR 3 7.3 9.4 - - 3+ BR 4 5.4 7.0 - - Efficiency 1 62.2 - 10% - 1 BR 2 31.1 48.4 33% - 2 BR 3 20.7 32.3 - - 3+ BR 4 15.6 24.2 - - RM-1 RM-2, RM-1/ PD-1 3, 4, 5, (65 1 max.) *Ordinance No. 84-18. November 1987. Compilation by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C . , - 61 - 10% �More specifically, based upon the proposed density plan and assumption of likely housing types, it is forecast that the following housing mix under the ultimate holding capacity for the City would be : Single family detached houses - 13,307 ( 46.4%) Multiple dwelling units - 13,376 ( 46.6%) Mobile home units Total 2,000 7.0%) 28,683 (100.0%) It might be noted that based upon ( 1) the present existing mix of 4,997 single family homes and 5,960 multiple and mobile home units, and ( 2) the current ( 1987) projects for 1,641 new single family lots in proposed subdivisions and for 3,837 condo and apartment units, it may be seen that single family homes, not counting Sandstone PUD's single home detached condo units, would comprise about 40 percent of total housing stock. The Housing and Density Plan reflects a concerted effort to plan a variety of residential densities in the City compatible with available and expected infrastructure, protection established policies. development Further, the Plan patterns and provides for City a woodland/wetland basis for graduated lowering of densities from central parts of City to outlying parts of the City. This partial "concentric ring" theory supports transitional land use planning objectives and deters leap frog development. vehicular traffic especially those The overtaxing of roads with that are unpaved, the allowance of high density developments in outlying areas that may cause increased land assessments for adjacent properties, and untimely utility requirements seems unwise. A planned residential environment, reserving areas for home sites of varying sizes and style, while preserving the natural beauty and resources of the City, seems highly advisable. This is the recommendation of the Housing and Density Plan. Novi is a balanced community with all types of housing accommodation, more so than most Oakland County localities. - 62 - Its appearance today is one of �well kept, spacious single family subdivision and new apartment/condo developments. While recent survey statistics reveal that multiple housing units and mobile home units comprise 55 percent of all City dwelling units ( 1986), they occupy only 3. 6 percent of City's land area ( 736 acres) versus the area used for single family home use of 2,193 acres (10.7 percent). housing opportunities for all In truth, Novi has life styles and seeks to maintain high quality development standards to assure quality, well designed housing facilities. - 63 - �TRANSPORTATION PLAN* Introduction A transportation system provides a means to move people and goods among various geographical areas. Because transportation has a significant impact on economic conditions, environmental quality, energy consumption, land development, and the overall quality of life in a community, it is critical that future transportation needs and problems be anticipated and that a plan be prepared to solve these anticipated problems. The relationships between transportation and other influencing factors are illustrated in Figure 1. The interrelationship between transportation and the overall "well-being" of a community makes it necessary for transportation to be part of the overall master plan. The transportation network should be designed to support the goals of the City of Novi and the growth and development described in the Master Plan. The interrelationship between transportation and other community functions can be further described by examining the many purposes and functions _of roadways. The primary purpose of roadways is to move vehicles. Roads and their associated rights-of-way provide locations for public utilities including water, sanitary sewer, storm sewer, gas, electrical power, and telephone lines. Public services such as police, fire, and emergency rescue rely on the safe and adequate provision of roadways. Streets also provide opportunities for land- scaping, public art, and monuments. In many communities, there is a historical significance to the arrangement of streets, and the street pattern impacts the character of the community. The original plan for Washington, D. C. was created by a French national who was greatly influenced by a vision of the United States as a great industrial nation with a strong centralized federal government. He positioned the Capital building in a prominent location, with a radial plan of boulevards and roadways. The Capital building became the dominant feature and hub from which all major roadways began. *This Chapter prepared by Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. - 64 - �FIGURE 1 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION, LAND USE, THE ECONOMY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT t-----~. . ' ... PEOPLE ~ _T_H_E_E_N_v_1_R_o_N_M_E_N_T..... - - -, +I ' I 1THE ZCONOMY I I I I ' ' ,...., .......... ~ - - - - - - - - - - \ \ \ I CONSUMPTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES t '\ + ) I I I I HUMAN USE OF LAND I I I . \ \ \ \ TRAVEL -DEMAND I I I I I I I I \ I I I____ ~ I I E_N_E_R_G_Y_U_S_E_D_~ - - -- , -ACCESS -COST t I ~----------------- I I I I ._P_O_LL_U_T_1o_N_&_w_A_s_T_E_~~--------J I -I I I I I IMPACTS ON PEOPLE f---L- ➔ IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT ___ _. SOURCE : BARTON-ASCHMAN ASSOCIATES, INC. SOUTH FLORIDA REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL - 65 - �The layout of the City of Novi is influenced by the Ordinance of 1785, which established a land survey system to give settlers moving west of the Appalachians a definite description to their land. congressional townships each six miles square. The area was divided into Each township thus contained thirty-six square miles and each one square mile was called a section. The establishment of townships and sections not only made land identification easier, but it also roadways along section lines. provided a logical system for the provision of Consequently, the major roads in Novi represent a grid pattern generally following section lines. Major east-west roads are referred to as Mile roads (e.g., 8 mile, 9 mile, etc.) and major north-south roads have individual names (e.g., Novi Road, Haggerty Road, etc.). Functional Classification of Roadways Because of the prominence of certain roadways, their physical condition, and the overall land-use pattern in American cities, automobile traffic tends to be concentrated on certain roadways. on about 20 percent of the roads. On average, 80 percent of travel is done In order to set priorities for funding certain roads with the highest volumes, transportation professionals established a road classification system. Although there is some variation in the classification of roadways, they are typically divided into roadways that carry local traffic and roadways that carry through traffic. function. Through roadways are further divided according to their The distinction between local and through traffic is made because of the substantially different kind of street required to serve both types of traffic. To eliminate conflicts between these two levels of traffic carriers, it is desirable to separate them as much as possible. The overall traffic circulation system that contains both levels of carriers must be carefully integrated in order to function successfully. A balanced circulation system will, therefore, contain these two basic types of carriers: local and through streets . Moreover, due to variations in traffic flow, can be several types of through streets. there Figure 2 illustrates cross-section roadway standards, and the most common roadway types are summarized on the following pages . - 66 - �27 ' - 32' 60 ' LOCAL STREET 36'- 44' 86' COLLECTOR STREET FLUSH MEDIAN 22 '- 36' 22 ' - 36 ' 120'- 150' ARTERIAL 33'- 36 ' 24'- 60' 33•- 36 ' 120·- 180' j MAJOR ARTERIAL FIGURE 2 CROSS SECTION ST AND ARDS - 67 - b BARTON -~MAN ASSOCl.(TES, NC. �Freeways A freeway is designed to handle large volumes of traffic moving at high speeds over long distances or between urban areas. Experience has shown that this demand often cannot be met by the addition of lanes to existing major thoroughfares. Hence, the provision of a freeway often is the only answer to the problem of overburdened thoroughfares. by the elimination of all at-grade frontage of access. Points intersections entrance maximize roadway capacities. Its capacity is increased greatly and exit and all driveway are carefully cuts for controlled to These are the major elements of a freeway, and these design factors have made them considerably safer than arterial roadways. Maior Arterials On major arterials, service to through traffic movements. abutting land is subordinate to major This class of streets provides for movement of large volumes of traffic over long distances. Major arterials connect the city with surrounding townships, cities, and major activities centers. This type of facility provides for trips exceeding one mile and typically carries traffic at higher speeds than other arterials. Major arterials are distinguished from other arterials because most major arterials have a median to separate traffic flows and access is controlled. These streets have four or more lanes and typically carry 25,000 to 40,000 vehicles per day. Pavement widths vary, but a 180-foot right-of-way is necessary for a six-lane divided roadway. The major arterial replaces 180-foot 11 the previous right-of-way. thoroughfare 11 classification 11 major Their 11 new to the Thoroughfare Plan. thoroughfare" term because we believe it function - a major is 11 designation arteriaP' more was accurately and it requires selected to describes the It a replace road's artery 11 in the road system - and it is also the term more commonly used among transportation professionals. Freeways, major arterials, arterials, and minor arterials are all referred to as thoroughfares. The previously designated 150-foot right-of-way has been replaced by 180 feet because 150 feet is too narrow to adequately accommodate six lanes and a median capable of accommodating U-turning and utilities. - 68 - �Arterials Arterials and minor arterial roadways replace the previous 11 thoroughfare 11 category, and they both retain the 120-foot right-of-way requirement. Arterial roadways provide continu ity over long distances and typically carry 10,000 to 30,000 vehicles per day. These roads serve through traffic volumes; however, they also provide access to abutting property and minor intersecting streets. Some access control is desired including minimizing curbcuts and providing parallel marginal access roads where strip commercial development is proposed. Arterials carry traffic from collectors and minor arterials to major activity centers (e.g., Twelve Oaks Mall), freeways, and other township and cities. Some arterials only have two lanes; however, most require at least five lanes. Minor Arterials The minor arterial street system interconnects with and augments the arterial/major arterial street system. It accommodates trips of moderate length at a somewhat lower level of travel mobility than arterials. Minor arterials are typically spaced two miles apart and they provide access to smaller geographical areas within the City. Although minor arterials may also serve as collectors, they generally carry higher volumes of traffic over longer distances, and permit movement from one section of the City to another. These streets typically carry from 5,000 to 15,000 vehicles per day, although some segments may have higher volumes. arterials. Residential lots are generally not given direct access to minor Several section line roads in Novi that are not completely extended, not fully improved, or located in less developed areas of the City are minor arterials . The major reason for distinguishing between arterials and minor arterials is to recognize that all mile (section-line) roads do not function equally. Haggerty Road for example, is an arterial that extends well beyond the City limits . Trip lengths of two miles or longer are common, serves various commercial developments. and the road also Meadowbrook Road is a minor arterial that does not extend beyond the City limits and is paved for only four miles. The road complements Haggerty Road and Novi Road ( another arterial) by providing an alternate north-south route that connect Eight Mile and Twelve Mile Road; however, it is clear that its function is considerably different than Novi and Haggerty Roads, which are arterials . - 69 - �Collector Streets The collector street system provides both land access and traffic circulation within residential neighborhoods and commercial and industrial areas. The purpose of a collector street is to collect vehicles from the local subdivision streets and Collector distribute streets can them also to either local provide internal destinations or to an arterial. circulation and access to non- residential areas such as industrial parks and major shopping centers. One of the major benefits of providing a collector street system through a subdivision is to minimize the number of curbcuts on arterials. When designed properly, local streets funnel traffic onto collectors which in turn distribute traffic to arterials. Without collector streets, several local streets would have curbcuts onto an arterial where one collector street curb cut would suffice. Also, collector streets permit the efficient movement of traffic through large subdivision, and the 36 feet of pavement permits through traffic to bypass left turning vehicles. 11 Industrial" collectors have been renamed "nonresidential" collectors in order to show that the street has the same function regardless of whether it serves commercial or industrial uses. 11 spine 11 Typically, nonresidential collectors are roads extending through commercial development. The provision of these nonresidential collectors also minimizes the need for curbcuts on arterial roads. Local or Minor Streets The sole function of local streets is to provide access to adjacent land. These streets make up a large percentage of total street mileage of the City, but carry a small portion of the vehicle miles of travel. Local neighborhood streets and industrial district service drives should provide access to collector streets or to longer distance through routes, but in such a manner that through traffic is not encouraged to use the minor streets as a shortcut route. The paving width generally varies from 28 to 32 feet and the right-of-way required is 60 feet . - 70 - �Scenic Drive This is a new road classification that has been created to reflect the environmental and natural features of certain roadway segments. that these roads will remain two-lanes wide; It is intended proposals for paving of scenic roads would be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and would be permitted only if environmental concerns were addressed. By maintaining the roads with gravel surfaces, through traffic will be encouraged to seek alternative roads designed for higher volumes. Marginal Access Roads These roads are generally considered local in function and are designed to relieve numerous traffic turning movements from major collector and arterial roadways. These minor roads are usually parallel to through streets, and they provide access to abutting properties. the thoroughfare is provided Access to the marginal access road from periodically at strategic locations. Access to adjoining land-use is then made directly from the marginal access road. The pavement width of a marginal access road is typically 22 to 24 feet and the right-of-way is 30 feet. Table 19 contains the City of Novi street and road right-of-way width requirements. The right-of-way requirement for arterials is typically from 120 feet to 150 feet. TABLE 19 CITY OF NOVI STREET AND ROADWAY RIGHTS-OF-WAY MINIMUM WIDTH REQUIREMENTS* Street or Roadway Type Major Arterial Arterial/Minor Arterial Collector Minor (Residential) Boulevard (Collector) Boulevard (Minor) Industrial, Commercial, and Office Street** Marginal Access Road Scenic Drive Type R.O.W. Width Typical Pavement Width 180' 120' 86' 60' 100' 86' 70' 30' 66' *See City of Novi Design and Construction Standards for details. **Nonresidential Collector. - 71 - Varies Varies 36' 28' 28' 24' 36' 22' NA �The planned integration of the various street and roadway types and the manner in which they should work together to make up an efficient street system is illustrated in Figure 3. Existing functional classifications as shown on Map 4 are based on a roadway's existing function, and may not reflect the Master Plan or right-of-way, which are intended to reflect future conditions. Existing thoroughfares are listed in Table 20. TABLE 20 EXISTING THOROUGHFARES North/South Thoroughfares Major Arterials None Arterials Haggerty Road Novi Road Eight Mile to 14 Mile Eight Mile to 13 Mile Minor Arterials Meadowbrook Road Decker Road West Road Beck Road Taft Road Eight Mile to 12 Mile 13 Mile to 14 Mile Beck to Pontiac Trail 8 Mile to 14 Mile 8 Mile to Grand River East/West Thoroughfares Major Arterials None Arterials 8 Mile Road 10 Mile Road Grand River 12 Mile Pontiac Trail Haggerty to Napier Haggerty to Napier Haggerty to Wixom Haggerty to Beck West Road to Beck Minor Arterials 9 Mile Road 13 Mile Road 14 Mile Road Haggerty to Novi Decker to Novi Haggerty to East Lake - 72 - �FREEWAY Freeways are high capacity, high speed roadways that provide limited access to the surface street network. All at~de intersections are eliminated. so that traffic is permitted. to flow freely. Right-of-way requirements are usually JOO feet or more. I .e .o . . • fNOUSTRIAl DISTRICT ... ' - - - - ': MAJOR ARTERIAL • CITY L I M ; T L ... J Major arterials are dividerl roadways that carry large volumes of traffic over loo;; distances. 'lhey connect the city with major activity centers an:i sur:rourdirq cities an:i to.-mships. Pavement width: 4 lanes minll!llllll • . Right-of-way: 180 feet (typical). ARTERIAL Although arterials may also serve as collectors, they generally carry higher volumes of traffic over lon;;er distances, an:i permit rrove.'llent from one section of the city to another. Pavement width varies. Rightof-way: 120 feet. COLLECTOR STREET !N OUS TRIAL MAJOR ARTERIAL Their purpose is to collect vehicles from the local su!:xilvision streets an:i distrihlte them to either their local destinations or to an ar...erial. Pavement width: 36 to 44 feet. Right-of-way: 86 feet. DISTRICT MAJOR ARTERIAL LOCAL STREETS The function of local streets is to provide access to abutting property. These streets comprise a large percentage of total street mileage, but carry a small porti_on of the vehicle miles of travel. Pavement width: 28 to J2 :eet:. Right-of-way: 60 feet. COLLECTOR STR.EfT COLLECTOR STREET FIGURE 3 ROAD SYSTEM CONCEPT - 73 - BARTON ·.bSO-!MA.N ASSOCIATtS.H:. �() _) CO M M E R CE T W p C I T 'I' WALL CD ► '! \ " '--,--- W AL L E 0 0' CO MMERCE TWP LAlfC ~ ~ ~- 9 ·~ I I CI I I TY ' L ----- [.±-:.. _c ~ 111 . r:!=lbm-rd 120 1 f 19 I 2 0 ► L -+ C - 30 -1 f .321 +--···-, .,,, l I 1 1 ·-·-·-'-···-I ·-·-·-·-·-·- _,_,_c___ N O R T H V1 L L E T O W N S H I P i 1 ~-·-·--·-·-·-·-··-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·l._,_,,,~-" NORTHVILLE TOWNSHIP LEGEND •---• •-•-•-• lhUDllllm llimMltl .... freeway arterial minor arterial major collector EXISTING ROADWAY FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION CI TY OF NOVI MICHIGAN I BRANDON M. ROGERS & ASSOC IATES , P.C. community planning consultants BARTON • ASCHMAN ASSOCIATES. INC . traffic conu1llonh OCTOSE R, 1987 4 �... Land-Use Relationships There are several rules to follow when planning for land-use and transportation facilities so that future development is in accord with the transportation system . The direct impacts of land-use and transportation facilities on a community can be explained by examining the relationship between roads and adjacent land uses. As Figure 3 illustrates, residential property . local streets provide direct access to abutting Typically, local streets are either short in distance or curved and winding so that through traffic is discouraged. Collector streets collect and distribute traffic between major thoroughfares and local streets. Trip lengths · on these roads are typically less than one mile. Residential uses should not have direct access onto either collector or arterial roadways. Because all classes of arterials play a significant role in moving traffic through the City, commercial access must be controlled. The location of strip commercial centers with numerous access drives to thoroughfares has a significant impact on the flow and speed of traffic on thoroughfares. Numerous curbcuts slow traffic because of continuous left and right turns in and out of commercial establishments, and excessive turning presents a safety hazard. Solutions to this problem call for one or two high capacity access drives leading to larger commercial establishments or marginal access roads that separate turning traffic from through traffic. The land-use/transportation relationship is also evident when examining the impact that transportation improvements have on land development. This impact depends on the location of the improvement, how much additional capacity is added to the system, and the speed at which the system operates. The impact on land-use will also be greatly influenced by the extent to which new transportation construction creates economic development opportunities. An example of the above would be the construction of a new four-lane roadway through the City. If this road was a highway with access limited to one or two points in the City, land-use implications may only be realized near those access points . If the road was an arterial - 74 - roadway, land-use impacts �... would be controlled by such factors as 1) the availability of land, 2) the cost to acquire the land, 3) the cost to develop the land, 4) whether the new road connects adjacent land to major activity centers, 5) the attractiveness of areas in the City served by existing facilities, and 6) the availability of other public facilities. The overriding factor will be whether real estate market conditions are favorable for development. Thoroughfare Volumes and Capacities A good thoroughfare plan can only be prepared after a comprehensive study of existing traffic conditions is complete. Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. collected all available traffic counts on roadways within the City of Novi from state, regional, county, and City sources. Traffic counts were also taken by Barton-Aschman and City of Novi Department of Public Works ( DPW) staff at various locations so a screen line study could be done. This section will describe the data collected, trends observed, and the relationship of traffic volumes to roadway capacity. Existing Roadway Volumes A screen line traffic study involves drawing an imaginary line around an area, counting traffic on roadways that cross the line, and using the data to determine how many vehicles enter and exit the area during a given period of time . Periodically repeating the screen line study can provide the information needed to establish growth rates of a given area and general travel patterns. In early November 1986, Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc., with assistance from the City of Novi Department of Public Works, collected screen line traffic data in the City of Novi. The results are illustrated on Map 5 and Table 21 . Map 5 shows the directional distribution of traffic in Novi. Almost one-half of the weekday trips entering and exiting the City are to and from the east. This is because of the proliferation of employment and population east of the City. - 75 - �NORTH 16% CITY OF COMMERCE TWP. w A LL ED L.;.,A...;K~E....,,--_c_o_M_M_E_R_c_E__T_W-,P. Q'- FOURTEEN (/) ..J..J MILE :i: z a: UJ UJ :.: 0 t0 0 Z u THIRTEEN MILE v---~--7----- >- I I t- u ( > 0 ---,I z CITY OF WIXOM er UJ a. < jz ~, J WEST 19% z I I I _ a: ~ : l5 le ~ ~ u ~ :c I MILE ~ c:i I - 96 :.: u UJ co I_ 0 a: t- I EAST u. < t- ~ l---------1----+------t--T.:..::.E:.:.N...;M.:.;_l;.:L;.:E_t-_""1[--l-----~ t- ~I c:i (/) ..J er 0 a: z ,,~~ ~ _ _ :c :.: co u. 0 3: ► 0 CITY OF NORTHVILLE t- 0 u < w == CITY OF NORTHVILLE ~ er u. er co :.: z < 0 0 Qi UJ I0 er 1-.....:.N.:.:.l:.:N.::E...:.;;M~IL::.::,E_!--~'-----::-:;-t------0 u 0 0 < c:i _ ::! :c er z w 0 0 ..JI t- ► > 49% EIGHT MILE CITY OF NORTHVILLE SOUTH 16% DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC - 1986 b BAATON·ASOiMAN ASS00ATES. INC - 76 - 5 �• TABLE 21 WEEKDAY DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION - 1986* P.M. A. M. 24 Hour Estimate Total OUT Directional IN OUT Total IN OUT Total IN South (%) East (%) North (%) West (%) Grand Total 13. 7 34.1 23.0 29.2 100 17.2 63.0 8.8 11.0 100 15.5 48.5 16.0 20.1 100 17.4 53.9 13.5 15.2 100 16.1 42.7 19.8 21.4 100 16.8 48.4 16.6 18.2 100 15.6 48.9 16.6 18.9 100 16.4 48.4 15.7 19.6 100 Grand Total # of Veh. 6,627 6,570 13,197 8,944 8,667 17,611 100,367 93,757 194,124 16.0 48.6 16.1 19.2 100 *Does not include perimeter roads: Haggerty, 14 Mile, 8 Mile, Napier and Pontiac Trail. Table 22 provides more detailed information regarding weekday directional distribution. The peak hour volumes are based on actual counts, and they show that approximately 13,200 vehicles enter and exit Novi during the A.M. peak hour (7:15 to 8:15) and 17,600 enter and exit during the P.M. peak hour ( 5: 00 to 6: 00). With the exception of the east counts, the 24 hour figures were estimated by applying a conversion factor to the P.M. peak hour count. The 24 hour counts show that approximately 100,400 vehicles enter and 93,800 exit Novi each weekday. This does not include vehicles on the following peri- meter roads: 8 Mile, Haggerty, 14 Mile, Pontiac Trail, and Napier. Only those vehicles traveling on 1-96 that enter or exit at Beck Road or Novi Road are included in the count. Table 4 represents a compilation of 1986 traffic data within the City. In a few cases, 1984 and 1985 counts were increased by appropriate growth rates to obtain estimated 1986 counts. Also, some ADT counts were determined applying a multiplier factor to an actual peak-hour count. by The Table specifies the link, 24 hour volume, A.M. peak hour volume, A.M. level of service, P.M. peak hour volume, and P.M. illustrates the P.M. peak hour level of service. peak-hour levels of service. average daily traffic volumes P.M. volumes, respectively. Map 6 graphically Maps 7, peak-hour volumes, 8, and and A.M. 9 show peak-hour Map 10 shows existing number of lanes and traffic signal locations. - 77 - �"( Table 22 OOMMAY VOLUMF.s AND LEVELS OF SERVICE - 1986 A.M. Peak Hour Roadway Se;poo.nt 24-Hour Volume Volume NB SB Total A.M. Level of Service* NB SB P.M. Peak Hour Volume NB SB Total P.M. Level of Service* NB SB Source of Counts -Haggerty --.J co 8 Mile to 9 Mile 9 Mile to 10 Mile 10 Mile to Grd. River Grd. River to 12 Mile 12 Mile to 13 Mile 13 Mile to 14 Mile 24432 26926 19945 20611 26975 27973 Meado.vbrook 8 Mile to 9 Mile 10 Mile to Grd. River Grd. River to 12 Mile 9311 7700 7663 830 992 796 952 717 717 832 832 622 1321 668 1419 1822 1748 1434 1664 1943 2087 B B C B A A A F F 448 173 232 720 439 418 B B B B B B 11497 348 256 14358 539 397 16213 553 510 21483 838 773 25700 446 1702 40200 1001 1411 26600 678 1292 21765 406 1284 604 936 1063 1611 2148 2442 1970 1690 A A A A 272 266 186 B B F 951 951 1049 1050 754 755 1060 1060 1260 876 1285 893 1902 2099 1509 2121 2136 2178 510 539 435 1046 982 515 499 601 578 715 715 10411041 839 1629 2015 1859 1479 1066 1402 824 1014 1199 1431 2082 2468 3875 2545 2226 536 443 489 924 B B C F F c:x::RC c:x::RC c:x::RC c:x::RC B B C C OCRC OCRC B B B B C B Novi Novi Novi A B B A c:x::RC/BA c:x::RC B C B E OCRC OCRC D E E D C BA BA BA c:x::RC D E F Novi 8 Mile to 9 Mile 9 Mile to 10 Mile 10 Mile to Grd. River Grd. Rvr. to EB 96 Rmp. EB 96 Rmp. to WB 96 Rmp. WB 96 Rmp. to W. oaks W. oaks to W. oaks II 12 Mile to 13 Mile East lake Drive 13 Mile to 14 Mile B B C C D C D D D F A B E F A 8103 128 521 649 C 571 282 853 D Novi/BA 9790 217 438 655 C 522 360 882 D BA Decker 13 Mile to 14 Mile * Level of service applies to through volumes only am does not reflect total intersection delay. c:x::RC - oaklan:i County Road cammission, Novi - City of Novi, BA - Barton-Aschman Associat~s, Inc. WCPS - Wayne County Office of Public Services, SEMcxx; - Southeastern Michigan Council of Governments . �( Table l2 (Cont'd) OOAI:MAY VOLUMES MID LEVELS OF SERVICE - 1986 P.M. A.M. A.M. Peak Hour Roadway Segment 24-Hour Vol1..1ma Vol1..1ma NB SB Total level of Service* NB SB P.M. Peak Hour Vol1..1ma Total NB SB Level of Service* NB SB Source of Counts Taft Galway to 9 Mile 4307 137 168 305 B 220 168 388 B BA 8 Mile to 9 Mile Grd. River to I-96 2450 6760 108 167 111 362 219 529 A 129 266 121 343 250 609 B BA BA Beck Roadway --..J I.O Segment Vol1..1ma WB EB C Total WB EB C D 8 Mile Road Haggerty to Meadowbrook 22467 Meadowbrook to Novi 13579 Novi to Center 14692 517 1349 287 748 279 731 1866 1035 1010 A 9 Mile Road Haggerty to Meadowbrook 13788 Meadowbrook to Novi 8043 Novi to Center 3893 242 445 86 918 267 74 1160 712 160 A 10 Mile Road Haggerty to Meadowbrook 16188 223 Meada,..,brook to Novi 11500 226 Novi to Taft 10124 329 Taft to Beck 8825 278 Beck to Napier 6925 94 887 274 402 340 412 1110 500 731 618 506 WB EB Total C WB EB 788 2164 400 1079 407 1117 D C B WCPS A B 1376 697 710 B B WCPS WCPS 958 376 365 466 1424 403 779 102 467 E D B A A F A A A B A A A B 1236 692 596 596 412 D A A A A A B B B A A 395 490 414 414 140 1631 1182 1010 1010 552 B A A A Novi Novi Novi Novi OCRC SEMax; SEMO:Xi BA * Level of service applies to through volumes only arrl does not reflect total intersection delay. . �( Table 22(Cont'd) IO~Y VOLUMES AND LEVELS OF SERVICE - 1986 A.M. A.M. Peak Hour Roadway Segment Grand River Haggerty to Meada.Jbrook Meada.Jbrook to Novi Novi to Taft Taft to Beck 24-Hour Voltnne Voltnne WB EB Total Ievel of Service* WB P.M. Peak Hour Voltnne EB Total P.M. Level of Service* EB WB EB 567 450 628 606 526 1093 420 870 507 1135 490 1096 A B B A A B 519 742 463 834 1353 325 1067 346 809 A B B A A B WB Source of Counts 12929 10225 12923 12203 347 250 279 306 502 359 394 440 849 609 673 746 A C B A B 12 Mile Road Haggerty to Meada.Jbrook 14718 Meada.Jbrook to Novi 11292 Novi to Beck 8630 515 156 118 339 672 498 854 828 616 A B B A A B 13 Mile Road Novi to Decker 13364 605 251 856 D 411 793 1204 D EA 3738 56 232 288 B 207 113 320 B Novi/EA 7636 118 556 674 C 472 216 688 C EA Beck to West 9990 320 452 772 C 482 395 877 D OCRC S. lake to Pontiac Trail South lake to Beck 5600 2308 117 119 286 66 403 185 B 339 74 163 166 502 240 C A A EA EA A Novi OCRC Novi OCRC Novi OCRC/EA OCRC/EA (X) 0 South lake West to Novi 14 Mile Road Decker to Haggerty Pontiac Trail West Road * Level of service applies to through voltnneS only am does not reflect total intersection delay. . �() ) CO MM E R C E ) C I T Y W ALL E D 0' L AK E C O M M E R C E T W p ,, WALLED C 1 T LAKE Y ~ ~f F 19 l" t • ~12ar .. 2:( 1? I '30 , 129 iS11 c-ffll1 I I 128 ' ~fr, - - ----, i -{__ I I- 3J N ORTHVILLE T O W N S ti I P N O R T H VILL E TO WN SHIP LEGEND LEVEL OF SERVICE Le1v•l s o f Se r.vlee a r a for through volumes 01'\ly and do no t re f lect de lay experienced Hy l e ft a nd ri ght tu r ne rs, A B c @~ D ~ E ~1~~:;:;:;:;:;::i::❖'.: F If?'~ 2 For north-south road s , t he pattern on the right r e pres e nts the level of Service for northbound traffic end t he pattern on the l e ft Is for southbound t raffic. For east- west road s , the pattern on the bottom Is for eul:boun<j traffic. and the pattern on the top Is for westbound traffic . P.M. PEAK HOUR LEVELS OF SERVICE 1986 CITY OF NOVI MICHIGAN I ..... BRANDON M. ROGERS & ASSOCIATES , P.C. community planning consultants BAATON · ASCHMAN traffic consultants OCTOBER , 1987 ASSOCIATES , IN~ \J �(J . I I I I I_ I 8825 - - NIN MIL ------{"399 ,· , :,.,,, ~ AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES - 1986 IWfTOH-ASC>il.U.H 4SSOOAnS. N:. MARCH 26, 1987 7 - 81 - . �CITY OF tJM.P, W AL 8 7 7 _.,. ,, ......j---~_,,- '&9 C E ~ TIAC TR~-, It) CO 2-,~ 0 WAL A. " " '<,, ... (.J ,w-_..__ c-.. I I I I I_ I c:iO a: ¥ It) N u w m CITY OF NORTHVILLE - , 936 P.M. PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES - 1986 BARToH·ASOiMA,~ ASSOO.l.rES. N:. FEBRUARY 24, 1987 8 - 82 - �(J 0 : CITY OF W OM ----~~& 600 ,~ ~ _ _,,,,,,----\__ ci CJ> a: N - ::.: 1~ u --------w a:i CITY CITY OF NORTHVILLE A.M. PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES - 1986 BAR'TON·AS04MAH ASSOCW'ES. N:. FEBRUARY 24, 198 7 9 - 83 - �) ) C O M \I E R C E ) C T W ' I T 0' '( W A L L [ 0 L A I( E CO MM ERCE ~ L 4 WALL£ D ~ dU 1 ~ LAKE - .,\ . I II N ll 7]]' . 9 _____, ~ r ..,_ .,,,., "''I .L . 0' ,L. ~ ' W • XO " r 1 '" "' .... , I , ' -- jr 1 I I rr-'. t I ~ ~~'~111 7!II ' I W I L . I I ~- - - -..,,_ "' T '",--..r .r • .r j fo ~ 18 I I >~ J i . ,- 1 1 . . I t-'""~ ,' -----=••.......~ ,I M t .\ r- , •• .. ... ; 1- r I I ~ I L.. ~ T I G~ 'T . II r II \1\.•...• I? J'r~;;;pj--. I' 1 I~ I I , 1 I l -1 T W p LI:;j"•••-r• 1 t • I ,;,.- ._ _ >=-... '" I • •=•• '-•• ' ~r ,- , I / t- / I Ii l --4---r \,"(3 . ....... "'""•-=~--..,_ ...._ I ' ..._ I f VJl! _J~; ............~, ._j ~ _J ~ i 21 19 :1¼-1rr ·'.tifr r:,,,1 {J. ;;$ii:) ... . . ,, . ' .,..~ ~_;1 r - ': ff I ~:·; Iii ~ 7 !" r rH• St- -'-.... I E ·-::: ,- r7':"': f- T ' ~1I L .r 28 29 30 ~ /71 /~ LJ~~ . ' '1 _[ 1 I ~J-1/-LJ ,- ~ T - T ---. ~ I r t r3, 32 . NORTHVILLE I ~ ,.•.; .... I N 0. R T f ]_j H I/ I L L £ T O W N m~--r S H I P >)- I ------···········@····· 1 l---------------4''-- i " 0 • T H V I L L E h'"i I TO W N S H I P LEGEND NUMBER OF LANES (PAVED) ■ ■ ■■ ■ ,lght IIHIIINft■H 1ia ■■ Ill ,_, ••-•• 1hr•• fin 0 ,;•"·' UC under cons truc t ion ( mo ior roodwoy1 only ) ~ EXISTING TRAFFIC LANES & SIGNALS CITY OF NOVI MICHIGAN I BRANDON M. ROGERS & ASSOCIATES , P.C. commun i ty plonning consultant ! IARTON · ASCHMAN ASSOCIATES , INC . !raffle contulrantt O CTOBER , ~98 7 10 �-. The A.M . and P . M. peak hour levels of service shown in Table 22 and illustrated on Map 6 were determined according to two different methods. For signalized roadway segments where signals are spaced two miles apart or less, the urban/suburban arterial methodology contained on the Highway Capacity Manual ( Special Report 209) by the Transportation Research Board was used. Levels of service are described in Table 23. The levels of service for two-lane paved roads without signals or with signals spaced greater than two miles were based on the categories shown in Table 24. The capacities were also obtained from the Highway Capacity Manual ( Special Report 209). TABLE 23 SIGNALIZED ARTERIAL LEVEL OF SERVICE Levels of Service Average Travel Speed (MPH)* > 35 A Free-flow operations Reasonably unimpeded operations Stable operations Variable delay Significant approach delay Extremely low speeds > 28 B > 22 > 17 C D > < E F Description 13 13 *Travel speed for arterial with typical speed of 40 mph. Source : Highway Capacity Manual (Special Report 209). TABLE 24 UNSIGNALIZED TWO-LANE ROAD LEVEL SERVICE Level of Service A B C D E F Source : 24-Hour Volume Peak Hour Volume < 2,400 2,401- 4,800 4,801- 7,900 7,901-13,500 13,501-22,900 > 22,000 < 240 241- 480 481- 790 791-1,350 1,351-2,290 > 2,290 Highway Capacity Manual ( Special Report 209) - 84 - �-. Signalized arterial level of service is defined in terms of average travel speed of all through vehicles on the arterial. It is strongly influenced by the number of signals per mile and the average intersection delay. Existing Roadway Problem Areas The existing roadway system in Novi has several problem areas caused by various factors. These problems impact the efficient movement of traffic. The Roadway Problem Area Map ( Map 11 graphically illustrates major problem areas including : • Problem Intersections • Grade Level Rail Crossings • Poor Sight Distances • Unimproved Roads • High Accident Locations Areas of frequent and/or severe traffic accidents are discussed later in this report. Problem Intersections There are numerous areas within Novi where secondary level streets do not properly intersect major thoroughfares. More seriously, there are other areas where major thoroughfares improperly intersect other major thoroughfares. For instance, all of the major intersections with Grand River Avenue are poorly aligned. Streets should intersect other streets at 90 degree angles to afford maximum visibility and exposure. Major areas of poorly aligned Problem Areas Map . intersections are noted on the Roadway In addition to the poorly aligned intersections with Grand River Avenue, other poorly aligned intersections exist at: • West Road and Pontiac Trail. Thirteen Mile Road and Haggerty Road ( scheduled to be improved in 1988). - 85 - �-. CITY OF COMMERCE COMMERCE TWP. (/) FOURTEEN MILE ..J ..J J: z 0 I- (j z THIRTEEN MILE 7--- >- I() SHA WOOD LAKE u w (j (j I < ::c I () _w CD ~ ~ < I_ I ~I >- I- ~ rI z I MILE I a.I > u.. 0 >Ia: l z .- --,l ;1z a: 0 CITY OF WIXOM a: I a l- 6J--------...J..----44-4-------4---T_E_N_M_I_L_E_-+--+-~+---+-------~ a (/) I- ~ ~, >..J a: ~ > O I z ,cf\ \1:1" _ _/ I"~ I z a --.\ "--- / - - ; ~ CITY OF ---- -NORTHVILLE CITY OF NORTHVILLE 0 GRADE RAIL CROSSING - - o o ~ Z ~ ~ ~ ~ w POORLY ALIGNED/ POOR SIGHT DISTANCE l- NINE MILE ~ 0 a: w 0 (j a: ~ Z -1------~f--+----+---~-+--------1~ 0 Ij j J: : EIGHT MILE CITY OF NORTHVILLE UNPAVED ROADS ROADWAY PR OBLEM AREA S - 86 - b 8ARTON-ASCHMA."1 ASSOCl,<rES. f'C 11 �II • Taft and Twelve Mile Road, intersection with the Railroad Crossing. • Nine Mile Road and Garfield Road. • Nine Mile Road and Napier Road. Grade Level Rail Crossings rail This problem has long been felt by motorists in Novi. There are seven crossings Of these involving major traffic corridors in Novi. seven crossings, only two, at 1-96 and Grand River Avenue, are grade separated. Though the grade crossings are single rail crossings, the use of the track is frequent and the trains are long. This results in numerous traffic tie-ups at these crossings which, in turn, impacts the already heavily traveled thoroughfare system in the City. Below is a prioritized list of needed grade-separated rail crossings based on traffic volumes and road function. It should be noted that grade separated crossings are expensive to construct. The construction of these crossings will depend upon the availability of funding and approval from the railroad operator. 1. Novi Road 2. Twelve Mile Road 3. Ten Mi le Road 4. Taft Road ( should be completed as part of Taft extension project) 5. West Road 6. Nine Mile Road Poor Sight Distances Historically this intersections is one of the more dangerous problems. Older road were not designed to meet modern-day clear vision distances. Wherever corners are poorly aligned through angular intersections, visibility is limited. In other instances, topographic problems exist. The Taft Road-Grand River intersection, Beck Road-Ten Mile Road intersection, and the Meadowbrook Road-Grand River intersection are examples of locations with poor visibility due to topographic conditions. - 87 - �Ill Unimproved Roads This problem is more one of inefficiency than safety. Roadways that are not hard surfaced, such as those west of Beck Road, are rough and tend to slow down traffic. They are not efficient because larger volumes of traffic cannot move efficiently on them due to poor surface conditions. streets require continuous maintenance as well. in Novi. Unimproved A number of such streets exist However, most of them are located in the less developed areas of the City and do not carry substantial volumes of traffic. The City has, over the last few years, undertaken an extensive program of hard surfacing improvements local streets in developing have contributed greatly to the areas of the City. These increased efficiency of these roads. Traffic Accidents and Hazard Areas This section includes a general examination of traffic accident causes, factors that influence traffic safety, traffic accident trends and conditions in Novi, and possible actions to reduce traffic accidents. Causes of Traffic Accidents and Factors that Influence Safety The frequency and severity of traffic accidents are influenced by many factors: roadway and vehicle defects; violations or unsafe acts by drivers or pedestrians, and inclement weather. In many cases, roadway design, driver behavior, and weather conditions may all be contributing factors to the cause of an accident. The most frequent cause of traffic accidents is attributed to improper driving. Excessive speed, failure to yield the right-of-way, and following too closely are the principal types of improper driving behavior that lead to accidents. Alcohol and other drugs were reported to be a factor in over one-half of the fatal traffic accidents in the United States. The impact of weather on traffic accidents may seem significant because a high number of traffic accidents can occur during a short period of time; however, over one-half of total traffic accidents take place when pavement is dry. - 88 - �,. Ill The general characteristics of traffic accidents vary significantly in urban and rural areas. Approximately one-quarter of all rural accidents take place at intersections versus about one-half for urban areas. take place in urban areas, accidents in Although more accidents rural areas are more severe; the severity is primarily due to higher rural speeds. The impact of congestion becomes apparent when examining the relationship between increased traffic volumes and accident frequency. Studies have shown that accident rates increase with increasing volume to a certain point, and then the accident rate drops as congestion and volumes increase. The peak in one study was found to be 650 vehicles per hour on California highways; another study of two-lane rural roads showed similar results with a peak at about 8,000 vehicles per day. Roadway design and safety features also impact accident rates. Several roadway design and safety features are discussed below. Lane Width. The effect of roadway width on traffic accidents generally increases as vehicle speeds increase. One study showed that widening 240 miles of highway from 9 foot wide lanes to 11 foot wide lanes reduced accidents by 21 percent on low-volume roads and 47 percent on high volume roads. Highway Shoulders. Studies have shown that accident rates decrease with increasing shoulder width. This is primarily due to the fact that motorists traveling on roads with wide shoulders have a stable area to use if they cross the outer pavement edge. Horizontal Curves. traffic accidents. Curves in roadway pavement increase the possibility of The most frequent accident type is skidding. Vertical Alignment. A change in impact on accident rates. pavement elevation can also have an Long, steep grades and steep grade/horizontal curve combinations can greatly increase the frequency of accidents. - 89 - �,. "' Intersections. The design, locat ion, number of approaches, traffic con- trols and vehicular volume of an intersection influence the number and type of accident that will occur at a given intersection. For example, an intersection with three approaches is generally safer than one with four approaches because of the reduced number of conflicting movements. The sight distance for the motorists approaching the intersection is also a critical variable . Speed. The speed at which vehicles travel must reflect an appropriate response to existing road and traffic conditions in order to minimize the frequency and severity of accidents. High speeds are often safer than slow speeds on roads designed for high speed travel where road and weather conditions are good . However, high speeds can both increase the severity of accidents and decrease the frequency of accidents. According to the Institute of Transportation Engineers, the following principles apply to speed designation: 1. Motorists govern their speed by existing road and traffic conditions rather than posted speed Iimits. 2. Speed limits must be enforceable; a majority of motorists should be willing to observe the limit voluntarily. 3. Speed limits based on study of prevailing speeds and existing road/traffic conditions tend to reduce the spread of speeds. 4. Accidents are more related to the spread in speed ( from highest to lowest) than average speed. Other Factors. Other factors that influence speed and safety include night lighting, railroad crossings, pedestrian crossing, interchanges, and median designs. A comprehensive discussion of all these factors is beyond the scope of this report. However, the general discussion above has been included to provide the reader with some background on the cause of traffic accidents and factors influencing safety before examining accident data within the City of Novi. - 90 - �,. "' Traffic Accident Data and Trends - City of Novi Traffic accident data collected by the Oakland County Traffic Improvement Association for the years 1982 through 1985 accident trends within the City of Novi . driver, temporal, discussed below. and provides insight The impact of various In addition, roadway, Figure 4 graphically illustrates many of the Table 25 shows the monthly distribution of the 3,358 traffic accidents that occurred from 1982 through 1985. of October traffic vehicle variables on traffic accidents in the City is Tables discussed in this section . period into through January accounts for 41 The 4-month percent of all accidents, with December being the peak month of the year. traffic This 4-month period has higher traffic volumes caused by holiday travel, shorter periods of daylight, and less favorable weather conditions due to the onset of winter. TABLE 25 TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS BY MONTH CITY OF NOVI 1982-1985 Month January February March Apri 1 May June July August September October November December TOTAL Number Percent 301 279 228 202 256 252 242 272 262 302 356 406 9.0 8.3 6.8 6.0 7.6 7.5 7.2 8.1 7.8 9.0 10.6 12.1 3,358 100.0 The description of traffic accidents by day of the week is shown in Table 26 . The peak day for accidents is Friday ( 18.5 percent) and the lowest is on Sunday (10.5 percent) . Friday and Sunday are also the highest traffic volume and lowest traffic volume days of the weeks, respectively. - 91 - �PERCENT TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS BY OAY OF WEEK 20 1982 • 11185 15 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 10 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ PERCENT TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS BY MONTH 11182·1985 15 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 10 ~ MON. TUE. wEo . THU. FRI. SAT. 10 ,5 14 . 3 1•. 2 13 ,0 14.7 18. 5 14 . 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .;.., ci .. cio .... i .. _j d~ .: . io w· .::EO. .... :Ii,. < · ..... . ,.. . . .,,,. ..,. . . .... 5 ~ SUN. DAY PERCENT ~ . z zzo :z: .. Ow Q, O<cc :Ii 7$ 75 -ow :z: 0 ~ 0-CCC "' Q, 0 . W• ,;., c..i~ ,.:0 0 , o · 0°' z~ "'o:::. 1982•1985 ~ C Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 50 ~ ~ ~ ~ 25 . ., . . . . . .... " "' . "'.,,. " Z t:zo 0z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . z .. :, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS BY ROAD SURFACE CONDITIONS 1982•1985 ~ O N "' Q, TRAFFIC ACCIDENT.S BY LIGHT CDNOITIONS 25 :, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ PERCENT PERCENT 50 :, . ~ ~ ,. .," ,.; :, 111 "! :z: 0 Q ~ z "'. :z: "! ~ 0 " z 3: z 3: 0 z z :, 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CONDITIONS DRY WET SNOW / ICE OTHER PERCENT 60 . 7 22 . s 16. 3 0 .5 cc 0 0: < " Q cc "' Q PERCENT TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS BY ROAD CHARACTER TRAFFIC 1982 · 1985 ACCIDENTS BY DAMAGE 1982-198$ 100 PERCENT 75 75 50 50 25 25 CHARACTER STRAIGHT CURVED TRANSITION PERCENT 92.0 6.2 1.8 TYPE FATALITY INJURY 0.5 34 . 8 PERCENT PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY TOTAL FATAL ACCIDENTS TOTAL INJURY ACCIDENTS TOTAL ACCIDENTS WITH PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 1982 - 1985 1982•1985 1982•1985 iwntlN-- FATAL ACCIDENTS= 18 INJURY ACCIDENTS= 1163 ASSOO,crn, tC. . 4 FATALITIES: HI NUMBER OF INJURED FIGURE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT SUMMARY - CITY OF NOVI = 64 . 9 PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY= 2179 1750 DATA SOURCE: TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIA TION OF OAKLAND COUNTY �TABLE 26 ACCIDENTS BY DAY OF THE WEEK CITY OF NOVI 1982-1985 Day ,- Number Percent Sunday 353 10.5 Monday 480 14.3 Tuesday 476 14.2 Wednesday 438 13.0 Thursday 492 14.7 Friday 621 18.5 Saturday 498 14.8 3,358 100.0 TOTAL . Traffic accidents vary period from 3: 00 P. M. in frequency throughout the day. to 7: 00 P. M. accidents within the City. accounts for 31 The 4-hour percent of all traffic The peak hour for traffic accidents, which occurs from 5:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M., also corresponds with the peak hour of traffic volume on city roadways. Table 27 shows traffic accident data according to the type of object that was struck during the accident. Seventy-eight percent of all traffic accidents in Novi involved the collision of one motor vehicle with another motor vehicle. Forty-four percent of the motor vehicle/motor vehicle accidents were rear-end collisions. - 93 - �TABLE 27 ACCIDENTS BY TYPE/OBJECT STRUCK CITY OF NOVI 1982-1985 Percent of Grand Total Number Type/Object Struck Collision with Another Vehicle Left-turn Right-turn Angle Rear-end Other 12.0 2.2 5.2 34.1 24.2 402 74 173 1,144 815 2,608 Subtotal Motor Vehicle Overturned Motor Vehicle Collision With: Railroad/Train Pedestrian Fixed Object Other Object Animal Pedal Cycle Other Subtotal 77. 7 106 3.1 5 22 426 24 85 17 24 0.1 0.7 13.9 0.7 2.5 0.5 0.7 750 GRAND TOTAL 22.3 3,358 100.0 The distribution of traffic accidents according to road condition, surface condition, respectively. and light condition Ninety-two percent of is shown all in accidents Tables 28, took place road 29, and 30, on straight roadway segments; Sixty-one percent of accidents took place on dry pavement; and sixty-two percent of accidents took place during the daylight hours. - 94 - �II TABLE 28 ACCIDENTS BY ROAD CHARACTER CITY OF NOVI 1982-1985 Character Number Percent Straight Curved Transition Not Known 3,090 208 59 1 92.0 6.2 1.8 0 3,358 100.0 TOTAL TABLE 29 ACCIDENTS BY ROAD SURFACE CONDITIONS CITY OF NOVI 1982-1985 Condition Number Percent Dry Wet Snow or Ice Other/Unknown 2,039 755 548 16 60.7 22.5 16.3 0.5 3,358 100.0 TOTAL TABLE 30 ACCIDENTS BY LIGHT CONDITION CITY OF NOVI 1982-1985 Condition Number Percent Daylight Dawn/Dusk Dark/Street Light Dark/No Lights Unknown 2,104 179 113 958 4 62.7 5.3 3.4 28.5 0.1 3,358 100.0 TOTAL - 95 - �Over the 4-year study period, there were 16 fatal accidents, in which 19 people died. accidents. injured. Alcohol consumption was a factor in 56 percent ( 9) of these fatal Accidents with injuries totalled 1163, in which 1,750 people were Alcohol accidents. consumption was a factor in 19 Of the 2,179 accidents involving only percent (221) of these property damage, alcohol consumption was a factor in 8. 8 percent ( 192) of the accidents. High Accident Intersection Identification and Analysis Map 12 and Table 31 show those intersections with an accident rate greater than one accident per million entering vehicles ( MEV) per year. summarizes the number of accidents by collision type. obtained from the Traffic Barton-Aschman Associates, Table 32 The accident data was Improvement Association of Oakland County, and Inc. converted the accident data into a rate per MEV according to the following methodology: 1. Intersections having more than 10 accidents from 1983-1985 were grouped according to the number of accidents per year. 2. Traffic counts were collected to determine the number of vehicles entering the designated intersections per year. 3. The accident rate per million entering vehicles was established for each intersection having 10 accidents over the 1983-1985 study period, and the intersections were ranked according to the MEV accident rate. The following is an intersection-by-intersection analysis of accidents at the high accident intersections. The narrative does not include those intersections that were improved after 1985. Novi/Grand River. This intersection had the highest number of accidents and the highest rate per MEV within the City during the study period. Forty-eight percent of the total accidents during the study period involved rear-end collisions. The predominant This is higher than the City average of 34 percent. hazardous action that caused or accidents at this intersection was following too close. - 96 - contributed to the �CITY OF COMMERCE TWP. T FOURTEEN MILE z 0 I- t, z ~ THIRTEEN MILE © v-------7- > (.) SHA WOOD LAKE ~ a: > ~ l5 I ICl a: a: - -0 l w I t, t, > 1- u < :i:: CITY OF WIXOM --- I I I I a: UJ a. ct 1z I z ~, ~, ,,~~ i :.:: (.) w al I_ a. o a: I II.I. <{ I- sl I- a: ...J I ~ - ....../ ,,,- - --l_ _ --- o a: NINE MIL :.:: o a: I.I. al 0 a: :.:: 1- o ct w CITY OF NORTHVILLE > 0 CITY OF NORTHVILLE al ~ 0 I.I. ::;: (.) w 0 0 (.) EIGHT MILE CITY OF NORTHVILLE HIGH ACCIDENT INTERSECTION HIGH ACCIDENT LOCATIONS BARTON·ASCHMAN ASSOO,(rES. NC. BASED ON RA TE PER MILLION ENTERING VEHICLES - 97 - 12 �TABLE 31 HIGH ACCIDENT INTERSECTIONS ( 1983-1985) Intersection Novi/Grd. River Novi/10 Mile* Novi/WB I-96 Ramps* Novi/9 Mile Beck/12 Mile Novi/12 Mile Meadowbrook/ 10 Mile* Haggerty/10 Mile* Haggerty/14 Mile Meadowbrook/ 12 Mile Haggerty/9 Mile** Decker/14 Mile** Meadowbrook/ Grand River Beck/Pontiac Trail* Novi/EB I-96 Ramps* Source: Rank Number of Accidents Per Million Entering Veh/Year Number of Accidents Per Year 3.2 3.1 2. 1 2.1 2.0 1. 9 24 1. 7 1.6 1.4 17 24 17 11 11 1.4 1.3 1.3 15 11 1.3 9 14 14 1.2 1.2 9 1 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 9 9 32 29 18 12 10 7 7 7 Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. * Indicates intersection was improved after 1985. ** Indicates intersection will be improved in 1987 or 1988. Data on accidents per year obtained from the Traffic Improvement Association of Oakland County. - 98 - �Table 32 NUMBER OF A<X!IDENI'S BY TYPE OF OOLLISION (1983-85) Collision Collision Coll. Collision With With With w/other or Pedestrian Object Train over TUrnerl Intersection I.O I.O Collision With other Motor Vehicle Grand Left TUrn Right Turn Angle Rear-End other Total Navi/Grd. River 0 3 0 1 9 2 3 46 32 96 Navi/10 Mile 0 4 0 2 25 4 3 29 19 86 Navi/I-96 Ramps* 0 3 0 2 16 2 7 56 3 90 Novi/9 Mile 0 6 0 0 5 1 6 16 3 37 Beck/12 Mile b 8 0 1 19 2 1 8 8 38 Navi/12 Mile 0 1 0 0 18 2 8 16 7 52 Meada-Jbrook/10 Mile 0 1 0 1 18 0 7 11 14 53 Haggerty/10 Mile 0 2 0 0 19 4 5 23 12 65 Haggerty/14 Mile 0 3 0 1 12 2 0 15 11 44 Meada-Jbrook/12 Mile 0 0 0 0 7 0 5 5 2 19 Haggerty/9 Mile 0 1 0 0 13 1 7 20 3 45 r::ecker/14 Mile 0 0 0 1 5 2 7 7 0 22 Meadowbrook/Grd. River 0 1 0 1 9 1 6 10 0 28 Beck/Pontiac Trail 0 3 0 0 4 1 6 13 2 29 *rncludes EB off-ramp/Novi Road and WB off-ramp/Novi Road DATA SOURCE: Revised 10/87 Traffic Improvement Association of oakland County �Data from January to September 1986 show that the accident rate decreased significantly from the 1983-85 study period . There were only nine accidents during this period compared with an annual average of 32 between 1983 and 1985 . There are two problems at this intersection that make traffic conditions less safe . First, the two roads do not intersect at right angles, which limits sight distances for approaching motorists . Second, the proximity of adjacent buildings and parking have made it necessary to have lanes less than 12 feet wide . The potential does exist for the addition of right-turn lanes on the west and east approaches turners from to through the intersection, which would traffic, thereby increasing separate safety. Also, right the Haggerty/1-696 connection and Beck Road interchange improvements should provide some traffic volume relief to this area, which may lead to a decrease in accidents . Novi/Nine Mile. MEV. This intersection ranks fourth in terms of accidents per Forty-three percent of all accidents at this intersection involved rear-end collisions and the most common hazardous action was following too close. Fifty-seven percent of the accidents occurred with wet or snowy pavement conditions compared to 39 percent city-wide. the accidents occurred in November, with one-third city-wide . Almost one-half of December, and February, compared Based on the above, it appears that weather is a more predominant factor in accidents at this intersection than at the average city intersection. Beck/Twelve Mile. This intersection ranks fifth en the list of accidents per MEV in the City. Forty percent of the accidents at this intersection involved collisions while making a left-turn movement and the predominant hazardous action was failure to yield the right-of-way. - 100 - �The primary problem with this intersection is that it is part of a substandard freeway interchange that does not permit motorists to continue north on Beck without first turning left. Motorists westbound on Twelve Mile must also bear left unless they want to go north on Beck or west on 1-96. This alignment problem, coupled with the lack of a eastbound 1-96 on ramp, should be solved when the interchange is improved by MOOT. Novi/Twelve Mile. million entering This intersection ranks sixth with 1. 9 accidents per vehicles. left-turn movements and Thirty-five percent percent involved 31 of accidents involved rear-end collisions. The primary hazardous action was failure to yield the right-of-way. Approximately 30 percent of all vehicles approaching this intersection from the east turn left onto Novi Road. This is due to the proximity of com- mercial development and the 1-96 interchange. intersection has five lanes. Also, the south leg of this The two northbound lanes must merge to one lane north of the intersection. Improvements anticipated in this area include the signal coordination system along Novi Road; the construction of Decker Road north of Twelve Mile; and the M-9 interchange. likely divert to the M-9 Some traffic using this intersection will interchange and/or Decker Road. Also, the boulevarding of 12 Mile Road will cause a redesign of this intersection. Haggerty/14 Mile. This intersection ranks ninth with 1. 3 accidents per million entering vehicles. rear-end collisions and Thirty-four percent of all accidents involved 27 percent involved left-turn incidents. The predominance of rear-end collisions may be due to the high volumes on Haggerty Road (28,000 ADT). Also, the high volume of traffic on Fourteen Mile Road, east of Haggerty (13,800 ADT), contributes to the heavy volume of left turning vehicles at this intersection . construction of M-9 will cause either the total modification to this intersection. - 101 - The planned reconstruction or other �Meadowbrook/Twelve Mile. This intersection essentially T-intersection; the fourth (north) leg is a dirt road. operates as a Consequently, there is a high percentage of turning vehicles at this intersection. Thirty-seven percent of all accidents involved l'eft-turn movements, compared with 12 percent city-wide, and 26 percent were angle accidents, compared with five percent city-wide. The southeasterly extension of Decker Road from 12 Mile to Meadowbrook will reduce the volume and turning movements at this intersection. The boulevarding of 12 Mile Road will cause a redesign of this intersection to interface with a boulevard section. Haggerty/Nine Mile. The intersection is currently being reconstructed to add turn lanes on all approaches, thereby improving capacity and separating turning vehicles from through traffic. The impact of this major reconstruction on accidents will be monitored. Decker/14 Mile. Right-turn approaches of this lanes will be added to the west and east intersection and a left-turn phase for Decker traffic will be added to the signal in late 1987. northbound Traffic patterns will also change when East Lake Drive is closed to through traffic. The 1983-85 data is of little value considering future changes. Meadowbrook/Grand River. list. This intersection ranks 11th on the accident Thirty-two percent of accidents involved left-turn movements and 36 percent involved rear-end collisions. Failure to yield the right-of-way and following tc,o close were the two most common hazardous actions. This intersection, like the Grand River/Novi intersection, is not formed by right-angles. Consequently, sight distances although not as severe as at Novi Road. are somewhat hindered, In the interim, the proposed office uses to the north will likely cause the need for some right-turn lanes at the intersection to separate right-turners from through traffic. - 102 - �I Thoroughfare Plan The existing road network county, city, and private in the City of Novi is comprised of state, roadways. Map 13 shows which governmental agencies are responsible for the maintenance of various roadways in the City of Novi. Most roads are either city roads or county roads. Funding for roadway improvements is provided by several different levels of government and the private sector. Often, funds are provided by the those agencies that have jurisdiction over a particular roadway; sometimes several agencies contribute to one project. Map 14 shows the roadway improvements programmed by the City over the next three years. There are no county improvements programmed other than the Pontiac Trail/West Road improvements. The programmed road improvements are intended to mitigate some existing traffic problems within the City. Thoroughfare Plan (Map 15) shows the right-of-way The requirements for both existing and future roadways needed to serve traffic in the City. As mentioned earlier, a comprehensive collection of traffic counts on major roadways in Novi was done as background research for the plan update. This information permits the generation of historical background growth rates with the City. Table 33 shows annual compound growth rates for various roadway segments. Also shown are the years between traffic counts. For example, Meadowbrook Road, between 8 Mile and Grand River grew at a compound rate of 19 percent per year over the past three years and 16 percent per year over the past five years. - 103 - �CITY OF COMMERCE TWP. ■:iii~ilii■■■ ■ ■ ► 1(.) COMMERCE TWP. SHAWOOO LAKE = ■ ■ ■ - - -CITY -- OF __,WIXOM ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 1■1 ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 ••• = ■ ■ ■ ■ = ■ ■ ■ ~~........, 1-■■l■■■■■■■Aiil.r.1■ ■ ·■ ■ ■ a: = ■ w ~ a:~ ■ ■ ■ 0■ ■ ~--.. -- - ---.--a: ■ w■ a:i ■ ■ CITY OF NORTHVILLE ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ w ■ c., c., ·• J!A < :i:: ··~········ o■ o■ a:. ~. < ~a:i. g. ::!: ■ EIGHT MILE ■ LEGEND ••••••• COUNTY CITY ROAD JURISDICTIONS - 104 - BAHT'ON·ASOMAN ~ K. 13 �CITY OF COMMERCE TWP. VJ ..J ..J FOURTEEN MILE :c z 0 I- t, z :i: a: > I- ---T I I I I ~, t: 0 z t, t, MILE :c er I - 96 I_ Cl a: I z 3: > ~ u > CITY OF WIXOM ls 1- u.. <: I- 01---------l----...,_-----+-------+--4t----+---------:-i TEN MILE I- ~ ~, ~ O z I ~ _ _/ r-' - --\._ __ __ __ _ 1--N_IN_E_M_IL_E_-t--~ VJ a: j a: Z O ~ :c > ..1 0 w t, I- t, t, ~ : 0 I~I~ :~ ----- CITY OF NORTHVILLE CITY OF NORTHVILLE * T ■ u. u. ~~ w ::E Z 0 > 1- u EIGHT MILE CITY OF NORTHVILLE SIGNAL / SIGNAL MODIFICATION CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT ROAD CLOSURE RUBBER RAIL CROSSING , I~ ASPHALT SURFACING PROGRAMMED ROAD IMPROVEMENTS 1988 - 1990 BART'ON-ASOMAN ASSOaATI:S. ,<. - 105 - 14 �) ) C. 0 M ~ ) E R C E 0' COlilMERCE ' • p !I i I ·1 !~~ _I~ ri W ALLED i 'Lti LAKC ., 11 h Ii 11 I r·· - ~g-rr'~~~:~ ~ , ······ . ~ ,//·~· ; ~ --- , ~l· (/ I ,l~{l _/ C I T 'I 3 ~~ -J~ ~--..;,~::t-•·"!"'! ! i~.. ! ••. . ·--.:::........_ ....,_ =.. :----~-·····•--!'"" i i ~" ~r 19 ·1: - 32 .,.,.,... . ....,..,.. ,• •• •• , ■ ! , .J 1 ■ 1 ■ 1■1~■ i ■ l■ l ■ l ■ l ■i ■ l ■ l ■1 1 ■ 1 w1J.1 w 1e1l.1 w 1J.,J, w I t f - t -n r:tc;Hi .. lL[ N O R THVILLE TO WN J -ul-• ■ l ■ l ■ l ■l■ l■ l ■ l ■ l ■ l■l ■ l ■ l ■l ■ l ■l ■ l■ l ■ l ■l ■ l ■ I SHIP N O R THVILLE T O W N S H 1 P LEGEND FREEWAY OR CONTROLLED ACCESS MAJOR ARTERIAL (180 ") ARTERIAL ( 120 . ) ............. - '----' ...... MINOR ARTERIAL (120· ) RESIDENTIAL COLLECTOR (86 ") NON · RESIDENTIAL COLLECTOR (10 · ) SCENIC DRIVE (66 · ) MARGINAL ACCESS ROAD GRADE SEPARATION THOROUGHFARE PLAN CITY OF NOV I MICH I GAN I BARTON · ASCHMAN ASSOCIATES , INC. traffic consultants BRANDON M, ROGERS & ASSOCIATES , P.C. community plann i ng consultants DECEMBER , 1987 15 �TABLE 33 TRAFFIC GROWTH RATES Annual Compound Growth Rate Years Between Counts* 12.5% 8.8% 11.1% 10 years 10 years 10 years 19.0% 16.0% 3 years 5 years 0% 13.4% 9.3% 10 years 3 years 3 years 8.0% 5 years West Road Pontiac Trail to Beck 0% 9 years 9 Mile Haggerty to Novi Road 11.0% 3 years 8 Mile Beck to Novi 4.7% 7 years 10 Mile Haggerty to Napier 2.4% 9 years Grand River Haggerty to Wixom 2.0% 9 years Haggerty 8 Mile to Grand River Grand River to 12 Mile 12 Mile to 14 Mile Meadowbrook 8 Mile to Grand River Novi 8 Mile to Grand River Grand River to 13 Mile East Lake/Decker Corridor 14 mile to 13 Mile 12 Mile Haggerty to Novi Road Novi to Beck/I-96 12.3% 9.2% 23.0% 11.6% 14 Mile Haggerty to Decker 10.9% 4 years -3% 7 years South Lake Novi to West ~ 10 4 2 9 years years years years *In most cases, 10 years would be the period 1976-1986, four years would be 1982-1986, three years would be 1983-1986, etc. Source: Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. - 106 - �Based on the residential densities and future land-use designations, estimate of future traffic volumes has been prepared. an Because of the influence of regional factors outside the City limits and the varying cycles of real estate development, it is difficult to pinpoint 20-year traffic projections. However, the use of volume ranges can provide a general estimate of the volumes that are anticipated based on the land-use plan. Table 36 contains 20-year traffic projections for major roadways in the City of Novi. it is expected that Haggerty Road/M-9, 12 Mile Road, and Eight Mile Road will carry the highest volumes with the City. The segment of Novi Road, between 12 Mile and Grand River will also carry high volumes due the proximity of the 1-96 interchange and various commercial development. Map 15 illustrates the Thoroughfare Plan for the City of Novi. The plan is designed to correct, where possible, existing traffic system problems and to accommodate future growth. The following roadway classifications are used in the arterials, plan: collectors, freeways, major nonresidential collectors, arterials, local streets, minor arterials, residential and scenic drives. Local streets are those shown without a pattern . Freeways The Thoroughfare Plan shows 1-96 as the principal carrier of through traffic in Novi. M-275 north of 1-96, which was included in the previous Thoroughfare Plan, is no longer a reality and will likely be replaced by a state trunkline road known as M-9, which will roughly follow along the previously designated M-275 corridor. The Thoroughfare Plan includes the following freeway state trunkline improvements: 1. The Beck Road/ 1-96 interchange should be redesigned so that it is a full function interchange. A ramp should be added that allows motorists on Beck Road and Twelve Mile Road to travel east on 1-96. Many motorists in this area currently must use surface streets to reach the Novi Road/1-96 interchange if they desire to travel east on 1-96. Constructing the new ramp will remove this traffic - 107 - from the surface �TABLE 34 FUTURE TRAFFIC PROJECTIONS (2007) AVERAGE DAILY VOLUMES 1,000 - 10,000 10,001 - 20,000 20,001 - 30,000 30,000+ Wixom Road 10 M. to 12 M. Napier Road 8 M. to 12 M. Meadowbrook Gr. Rvr. to 12 M. Novi Road 12 M. to Gr. Rvr. Novi Road Gr. Rvr. to 8 M. Haggerty/M-9 I-96 to 14 Mile Meadowbrook Road 8 M. to Gr. Rvr. Taft Road Grd. Rvr. to West Road Haggerty Road I-96 to 8 Mile Meadowbrook Road 12 M. to 13 M. Decker Road 12 M. to 14 M. West Road Beck to Pontiac T. Eight Mile Road Haggerty to Taft Eleven Mile Road Clark to Taft Novi Road 12 M. to 13 M. Eight Mile Road Taft to Napier Twelve Mile Road Beck to Haggerty Eleven Mile Road Taft to Wixom Taft Road 8 M. to Grd.Rvr. Ten Mile Road Haggerty to Napier Garfield Road 8 M. to 9 M. 9 Mile Road Beck to Napier Nine Mile Grand River Avenue Beck to Haggerty Haggerty to Wixom Fourteen Mile Decker to Hagg. Pontiac Trail Beck to West Thirteen Mile Novi to Hagg. Beck Road Grd. River to Pontiac Trl. Twelve and 1/2 Mile Taft to Decker Beck Road Grd. River to 8 Mile Source: Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. - 108 - �streets, thereby relieving some of the pressure on other east-west roads and on the congested Novi Road/1-96 interchange. If possible, an overpass should be constructed over 1-96 that permits Twelve Mile Road to be extended west of the freeway. 2. The Haggerty Road corridor is the location of a proposed state trunkline that is planned to serve part of the function of the previously planned M-275 freeway. the Michigan In September 1986, Governor Blanchard and Department of Transportation announced a major 1-696 Corridor Improvement widening of 1-696 to Program. eight The lanes primary from improvement 1-96/ 1-275 east to is the US-24 ( Telegraph Road) including new interchanges at Inkster and Drake. However, also included in the package is the construction of a new interchange at l-96/1-696/1-275 and Haggerty Road. The initial improvement calls for the construction of the interchange and widening in the Haggerty Road corridor ( M-9) up to Pontiac Trail. The connection may ultimately become a link in a north/south state trunk highway between 1-96/ 1-696/1-275 and M-59. Construction of the interchange and connection to Pontiac Trail is scheduled to begin in 1989, and will cost an estimated $22 - 35 million. Most of the funding wi II come from the federal government. Major Thoroughfare Although none presently exist in Novi, one major thoroughfare is included in the Thoroughfare Plan . 1. The only major arterial planned is the reconstruction of Twelve Mile Road through Novi as a boulevard section. This concept would permit the westward continuation of this type of traffic corridor through Novi from Farmington Hills. The corridor would be constructed as a four to six lane thoroughfare with a grass median . be located within a 180-foot right-of-way. - 109 - The thoroughfare would �2. This type of major thoroughfare is desirable for the Twelve Oaks Mall area, and the importance of this corridor becomes even more critical when viewed in the light of recent planning in the area which proposed substantial increases in land to be devoted to office uses. Also, the 1-696 improvements mentioned above will include a new 1-696 interchange west of Drake Road that connects to Twelve Mile Road. This new interchange will make Twelve Mile Road even more attractive than it is today. Arterials and Minor Arterials The Thoroughfare Plan arterials and minor arterials. designates a number of traffic corridors as Many of these corridors are the section line or mile roads which pass through Novi and have served as a part of the community's thoroughfare system for years. The plan is, for the most part, based on improvements to the existing grid system of thoroughfares in Novi. To this existing system of thoroughfares are to be added new roadways, the relocation of some present arterials/minor arterials, the redesignation of some arterials/ minor arterials as collectors; and the extension, connection and realignment of others. The existing arterials and minor arterials proposed on the Thoroughfare Plan Map to continue as they are presently designated include the following: 1. Existing East-West Arterials • Grand River Avenue - Haggerty to Wixom 2. • Ten Mile Road - Haggerty to Napier • Eight Mile Road - Haggerty to Napier • Pontiac Trail - West to Beck Existing East-West Minor Arterials • Fourteen Mile Road - Haggerty to East Lake • Thirteen Mile Road - Novi to Decker • Nine Mile Road - Haggerty to Novi - 110 - �3. 4. Existing North-South Arterials • Haggerty Road - Eight Mile to 14 Mile • Beck Road - Eight Mile to Pontiac Trail • Novi Road - Eight Mile to Twelve Mile Existing North-South Minor Arterials • Meadowbrook Road - Eight Mile to Twelve Mile • West Road - East of Beck to Pontiac Trail • Decker Road - 13 Mile to 14 Mile Novi Road, which currently functions as an arterial roadway from Thirteen Mile Road to Eight Mile Road, will be downgraded to a minor arterial from Thirteen Mile Road to Twelve Mile Road. Relief to the existing congestion on this segment of Novi Road will be provided by the construction of two new minor arterials: The Decker Road extension and the Taft Road extension. Two existing mile roads are proposed on the Thoroughfare Plan Map to be collector streets. These include: 1. Eleven Mile Road, east of Town Center Drive. 2. Eleven Mile Road, west of Clark. The Thoroughfare Plan further includes new thoroughfares designed to improve and enhance the ability of the present system to move traffic. De- velopment of the new thoroughfares as proposed will ultimately equip the City with a functional system of interconnected thoroughfares designed to circulate traffic efficiently at capacity development. Proposed New Minor Arterials and Other Improvements 1. The relocation of Meadowbrook Road north of 1-96. Relocation of this part of Meadowbrook Road, as depicted on the plan, will permit traffic to better utilize the access points along the east side of the Twelve Oaks Mall. By so doing, the heavy traffic volumes being experienced at the Novi Road access point can be reduced. - 111 - �2. The extension of Decker Road south of Twelve Mile Road. This extension is designed to alleviate present traffic problems on Novi Road and to encourage use of access points to Twelve Oaks Mall other than from Novi Road. 3. The paving of Wixom Road south to Ten Mile Road. 4. The paving of Eleven Mile Road west of Taft Road/Wixom. 5. The northward extension of Taft Road across 1-96 to a relocated intersection with Twelve Mile Road, and further northward extension to West Road. 6. The construction of Twelve and One-Half Mile Road as a minor arterial from Decker Road to Taft Road. The Decker Road, Twelve and One-Half Mile Road, and Taft Road extension improvements will form Avenue. a loop road system that includes Grand River This loop road system will permit access to development in these areas without traveling on Novi Road or Twelve Mile Road. Collector Streets An extensive system of secondary roads or collector streets are also proposed on the Thoroughfare Plan Map. Collector streets are proposed for nonresidential as well as residential areas. Specific nonresidential collectors are proposed as fol lows: 1. Extension of Donelson Drive west to connect with the extended West Oaks Drive . 2. Extension of Donelson Drive north from Twelve Mile to Twelve and One-Half Mile Road. 3. Extension of West Oaks Drive west to new Taft Road alignment. - 112 - �4. Construction of collector street from Beck Road, south of West Road, southward to Twelve Mile Road. 5. Construction of collector from Twelve Mile Road east to near the Chessie System Railroad along the north side of 1-96. 6. Construction of a collector road loop along the north and south sides of Grand River Avenue, between Beck Road and Taft Road. 7. Extension of the Crescent Drive collector east of Town Center Drive along the south side of 1-96 to Grand River ( west of Meadowbrook). 8. Construction of collector from Town Center Drive to Seeley Road along the Eleven Mile Road alignment. The remaining collector streets proposed on The Thoroughfare Plan Map are residential collector streets designed to serve the local residential streets within existing and future residential neighborhoods. Scenic Drives Two road segments have been designated as scenic drives because of their proximity to outstanding natural features. It is intended that these roads remain dirt/gravel roads and that development in these areas be limited to residential uses. 1. Meadowbrook Road, from Thirteen Mile Road to Twelve Mile Road. 2. Nine Mile Road, from Napier Road to Beck Road. The Thoroughfare Plan proposes the eventual construction of five bridges. All of the bridges are proposed to be built over the Chessie System Railroad tracks. The most critical of the proposed bridges are the bridge proposed over the tracks at Novi Road, Ten Mile Road (including 1-96), and at Twelve Mile Road . Additional bridges are proposed for West Road and Nine Mile Road. The bridge proposed to be erected over 1-96 and the railroad along the Taft Road alignment will help form the loop road system discussed earlier. - 113 - �Transportation Philosophy and Goals The following section includes a listing of key transportation issues in the City of Novi and various policies to help the City maintain safe and efficient traffic flow . Philosophy 11 As a widespread suburban community, our main source of transportation is the automobile. discomfort. This can also become our primary source of frustration and Our goal is to avoid the obstruction of our streets and highways by ourselves, our visitors, or those passing through our City to other destinations . A workable system of thoroughfares must be developed or our other gains of quality life may be negated. The automobile remains the dominant mode of transportation in our society, but we acknowledge trends which favor foot and bicycle transportation. In- creases in leisure time and the awareness of physical fitness will obligate us to provide safe routes for nonmotorized traffic. 1110 Goals 1. The roadway system of the City of Novi should be planned, developed, and maintained to provide and preserve an efficient traffic flow. 2. Develop a system of nonmotorized safety paths along our major thoroughfares such that it will ultimately be possible to use nonmotorized transportation along the roads to get from one part of the City to another part. 3. Develop a City capability of hardware and software to evaluate traffic impacts caused by proposed development through the creation of a computer model which can interface with other on-going models. 4. A system of marginal access roads should be provided, whenever feasible and desirable, to reduce conflicts between local and through traffic. 10 c·t 1y . Ph 1 ' Iosop h y S tatement, op. cit., . F e b ruary 1986. o f Nov1, - 114 - �5. Priority should be given to the construction, maintenance, or reconstruction of roadways needed to serve existing development. 6. Alternative access corridors should be provided to major activity centers, where possible. 7. Traffic analyses and roadway improvements should ensure safe and adequate pedestrian and nonmotorized traffic circulation in activity centers and neighborhoods. 8. Roadway design should eliminate or prevent hazardous conditions. 9. Traffic signalization, roadway signage, and operational capacities should be designed to optimize traffic flow and levels of service. 10. Curbcuts providing access to and egress from all classes of arterial streets should be minimized. 11. Routing of commercial traffic through residential areas should be avoided. 12. The design of local residential streets should clearly indicate their function. Local street systems should be planned and designed to minimize or eliminate through traffic. They should be designed for a low volume of traffic and be designed for low speeds. 13. A limited number of collector streets should be provided for convenient and safe movement between local streets within a neighborhood and the bordering arterial street system. - 115 - �RETAIL AND OFFICE SECTOR STUDY AND PLAN Introduction The City of Novi is well known as having a strong retail commercial base centered around the 1-96/ Novi Road intersection. Growth of this commercial sector is evidenced by the dramatic increase in commercial land use and retail sales in recent years . Property values have risen as national retailers have sought to locate at this hotspot commercial focus, strongest in the Southeastern Michigan Area. and local one of the The trade area for Twelve Oaks Shopping Center and other major retail businesses ranges up to a 50 mile radius from Novi. However, office uses have been slow to develop in the City until 1986 for various reasons noted below. and office development trends, This report examines past retail trade existing development and forthcoming and planned projects, and a strategy for retail and office space planning in the future. Commercial Development ,. Past Trends Commercial space utilization in City of Novi has dramatically increased in the past 12 years. From the time of the City's 1974 land use survey to that conducted in the 1986 Existing Land Use Survey the following changes have occurred. ( Table 35) TABLE 35 EXISTING COMMERCIAL LAND USE 1974 Use a b Survey (acres) 1986 Survey (acres) Local Business 4 50 Community Business 3 244 92 172 General Business 99 acres a. See Appendix C for definition of terms. b. Vilican-Leman & Associates, Inc. c. Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. - 116 - C 466 acres �Data for 1986 do not include planned shopping centers or individual commercial establishments where no construction had started at time of the field survey. There are as of May 1987, 862 acres of land zoned for Local Business, Community Business and General Business use, of which 466 acres (54.1%) are being used for such purposes, or approximately 2. 2 percent of the City's total area. The increasing rate of commercial land use development since the 1979-82 recession is expected to continue into 1988 based upon pending commercial projects which have received preliminary and/or final site plan approval. Existing Commercial Establishments There are a total of 456 individual business establishments, other than office uses, in 1986 in the City. 11 These are listed by commercial category and by Section in Appendix D. Two major concentrations are evident - the Twelve Oaks/West Oaks area and the Novi Town Center area, both adjacent to 1-96 and Novi Road. Local Business uses total 90 establishments, Community Business uses 191 establishments, and General Business uses - 175 establishments. There are many Local Businesses in the City's shopping centers which combine with the Community Business uses to comprise comparison-type shopping centers and regional shopping centers. nearby non-center The diversity of each shopping center along with commercial uses provide a wide variety of choice for products and services. 11 Analysis and quantification by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, from 1986 Registered Business Directory, City of Novi, May 1987. - 117 - P. C. �Commercial Sales Evaluating U.S. Census of Retail Trade data for 1967, 1972, 1977 and 1982 it can be seen that Novi's commercial sector has experienced growth in terms of additional establishments and an increase in sales since 1967. Even when adjustments are made for inflation the three commercial sectors of Retail Trade, Selected Services and Wholesale Trade in Novi registered increases in sales during the years 1967-1982 . In 1982, $264,890,000 or 2. 7 times 1977 levels. Retail Trade actual sales totalled Wholesale Trade actual sales totalled $494,706,000 in 1982, or 3. 1 times 1977 levels. ( Table 36) These increases reflect the growth in new residential development and demand for products and services of Novi's residents in recent years, and indicates the viability of the City's commercial sector as a regional draw. In 1986 the J.L. Hudson Company store at Twelve Oaks was the highest volume sales store in the nation for the Dayton Hudson Company and Lord & Taylor in the same center was the second largest volume achiever in that Company's system . - The number of Retail Trade establishments increased from 54 in 1967 to 73 in 1972 and then jumped dramatically to 139 in 1977 and to 273 in 1982. The number of Selected Services establishments followed a similar pattern having risen steadily from 19 in 1967 to 54 in 1972 and to 101 in 1977. Wholesale Trade establishments continued to increase steadily, from 11 in 1967 to 25 in 1970, 35 in 1977 and 62 in 1982. (Table 36) Retail Trade A key indicator of the strength of the retail sector of an economy is retail sales. From a municipal policy standpoint, not only is it important that a community's businesses are viable but also that the community at least attracts enough such business to satisfy residents' needs. Further, such a policy strengthens the tax base. A further detailed analysis of the various categories of the Retail Trade Sector in Novi was undertaken to determine the strength of each component part of this sector of the City's economy. - 118 - To accomplish this, a comparison �I' ' TABLE 36 ACTUAL AND INFLATION - ADJUSTED SALES IN MAJOR COMMERCIAL SECTORS CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN, 1967 - 1982* ........ Year 1967 1972 1977 1982 Retail Trade Number Actual of Sales (000) Establishments 54 $ 6,743 13,884 73 139 72,295 264,890 273 AC1Justed Sal esa (100) $ 6,743 11,081 39,835 91,890 Selected Number of Establishments 19 54 101 b Services ActuaA AdJustect Sales Sales (000) (100) 687 $ 687 $ 2,661 2,124 17,497 9,641 b b --- Wholesale Trade Number Actual AdJusted Sal esa of Sal es Establishments (000) ·- - -(000) ----·11 $ 40,446 $ 40,496 56,754 25 71,112 35 119,282 65, 724 494,706 171,161 62 '° *Analysis by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., March 1987. Data source for number of establishments and actual sales from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, Census ~f. -~etail Trade: Michigan, Census of Business,Selective Services: M1ch1gan, and Census of Business, Census of Wholesale Trade: Michigan, 1967, 1972, 1977 and 1982 editions. a. Sales adJusted -for inflation using National Consumer Price Index (1967 = 100). b. Complete data not available. Data for most establishments without payroll were extracted from information reported by businesses on Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 1040, Schedule C. These data could not be published as planned because many businesses were miscoded by IRS into miscellaneous categories rather than being classified in the specific kind of business. �• was made between the actual retail sales accrued by those retail establishments located in the City of Novi, within each retail category, with the potential retail sales within each retail category which would be expected to be generated by residents of the City at certain points in time . for Years 1967, 1972, 1977 and 1982. This analysis was undertaken The results are documented in Table 37. A net gain of retail sales in a specific category indicates that persons from outside of City of Novi are shopping in the City for goods sold by retail establishments in this category, while a net loss of potential retail sales indicates there is a net outflow of dollars from City residents which are being expended elsewhere for retail goods sold by this type of retail establishment. Certain trends are evident within each individual retail category. The General Merchandise Stores category and the Apparel and Accessory Stores category were the two strongest retail categories in the City, each recording a substantial net inflow of sales. Such a situation indicates that the retail trade area of establishments of this type in the City of Novi extends well beyond the City limits. • The impact of Twelve Oaks shopping center and West Oaks I shopping center is dramatically shown between the 1977 and 1982 Censuses in these two categories. General Merchandise For example, there was a net gain of $107,485,000 in the Stores category in 1982 considering retail sales vs. expected potential sales from Novi residents in that year for this type of sales. Other retail categories which have registered a net inflow of sales in the City are Miscellaneous stationery, Retail Stores jewelry, camera, florist), (e.g., liquor, Furniture, sporting goods, Home Furnishings, books, and Ap- pliance Stores, Eating and Drinking Places, Drug Stores and Related Establishments, Food Stores. Stores and Building Materials, Hardware and Garden Supply It should be noted that many of the above items may be sold in General Merchandise stores and the sales levels are somewhat understated. The fact that there is only one new car dealer in the City caused a net loss of potential retail sales ($2,520,000) category . in 1982 in the Automotive Dealers Also, since the City has few automobile service stations, there was a net loss of sales ($894,000) in the Gasoline Service Stations category under which level of sales might be expected for the City 1 s then population. - 120 - �I' ' TABLE 37 COMPARISON OF ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL RETAIL SALES IN CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN, 1967 - 1982* 19/2 bib/ ....N .... Retail Trade Category Building Materials, Hardware and Garden Supply St<?res General Merchandise Stores Food Stores Automotive Dealers Gasoline Service Stations Apparel and Accessory Stores Furniture, Home Furnishings and Appliance Stores Eating and Drinki ng Pl aces Drug Stores and Related Establishments Mi scel l aneousb Retail Stores TOTALS Net 1>a1n1+1 or Loss(-) Actual Potential of PotenRetail Retail tial Retail Sal es Sales Sales ($1,000) ($1,000) ($1,000) 1982 l':Jt/ Net uain1+) or Loss(-) Actual Potential of Potential Retail Reta i1 Retail Sales Sales Sal es ($1,000) ($1,000) ($1,000) Net Gainl+J or Loss(-) Actual Potential of PotenRetail Retail tial Retail Sales Sal es Sal es ($1,000) ($1,000) ($1,000) Net Gain(+) or Loss(-) Actual Potential of PotenRetail tial Retail Retail Sal es Sal es 1 Sales ($1,000) ($1 000) I (Sl ,000) I 1 a 782 - a 1,554 - - 2,163 - - 3,978 - 518 3,613 -3,095 938 6,389 -5 ,451 a 3,031 - a 5,985 - 1,129 +298 2,994 2,007 +987 1,427 4,541 a 8,057 3,435 8,943 13,498 +l , 106 -5,441 5,432 Ii 4,383 +l ,049 119,804 I 12,319 +107,485 21,963 a 15,179 - 16,051 a 5,302 - 9,049 I 20,810 I ! 18,571 I -2,520 9,943 I I +l ,085 I -894 - 721 - a 1,469 - 9,480 3,360 +6,120 40,960 II 5,560 I +35,400 112 686 +574 a 1,371 - 961 3,043 -2 ,082 10,533 I 4,083 +6,450 I 5,508 -1, 717 12,715 9,389 +3 ,326 2,147 - 5,294 3,737 +l ,557 21,208 7,267 +13,941 30,411c 65,195 6,457c 27,992 -6,162c -3,213c 263,009 Y- - ~ ,- --• • ·eo. lYtlt. uata source tor actua l sales 1s U.S. tsureau ot tne census. Census Retail Trade: Micnigan (1967, 1972, 1977 and 1982 editions). Potential retail sales based upon State-wide per cap, ta expenditure patterns and City population for t hose years. a. Data 1~ithheld by U.S. Census Bureau to avoid disclo ::; - r e or not such uses in City. b. Includes liguor, sporting goods 3 books! $tationer:y, iewelry, hobby/toy, camera/photo, gift/novelty, luggage/leather goods, flor1sts 1 and se,nng/neealework p1ece goods stores . c. Not complete to~al owing to unavailable data. 96,130 +166,879 '-• 751 999 -248 a 521 - 574 808 -234 3,382c -- 14 , 453 -2,705c 2,019 2,191 -172 a 1,016 - 506 2,032 -1,526 3,791 a 3,581 4,780 -1, 199 �Trend data analysis for certain census years is limited because of data withheld by the U.S. Census Bureau to avoid disclosure for a single business or because no such uses existed in possible. City. However, some comparisons are Where Food Stores category experienced a net loss of potential sales in 1967, 1972 and 1977, there was a net gain registered in 1982. The Eating and Drinking Places category showed a substantial net gain in sales in 1982 after showing a net loss in sales in the three previous documented years. This turnabout can be attributed to opening of restaurants at Twelve Oaks, in the Sheraton Oaks Hotel and along Grand River Avenue. In total, the City with its strong retail sector and many shopping centers had in 1982 a cumulative net gain of potential retail sales over actual retail sales of $166,879,000. Census of Retail It will be of interest to see the data from the 1987 Trade when available. Without question, the presence of several major modern shopping centers in the City, plus several more being built, has resulted in retail establishments being very competitive in most of the Retail Trade categories and in unusually high sales volumes. Retail Sales/Space Requirements Analysis population. was done on estimated retail space needs to serve City's Table 38 illustrates potential sales by retail category using 1982 as a base year and considering only purchasing power of the City's resident population. The generated sales of $96,130,000 could be expected to use 658,400 square feet of retail floor space and an equivalent site space of about 106 acres. In 1982 there were $263,009,000 in actual sales (See Table 36). 1986, 466 acres of land were used for commercial use. Convenience ( local Business), In In each retail group - Comparison ( Community Business) and General Business - the City has substantially more land in use than would be needed to serve the City's population. The regional significance of the City's shopping centers distorts conventional planning analysis on future space needs. This is not to say however that the normal market analysis process cannot serve as a statistically reliable community planning base to predict future market performance. For local markets, statistical analysis and assumptions on potential spending available for a given geographic area and expected consumer desire to shop in said area ( based upon accessibility, - 122 - available parking and aesthetic �attractiveness) can be useful in justifying the decision to develop a specific shopping facility. Existing and planned shopping center sites are addressed below. TABLE 38 POTENTIAL RETAIL SALES/SPACE ANALYSIS CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN* Retail Groups CONVENIENCE LOCAL BUSINESS) Food Drugs b Other Retail COMPARISON (COMMUNITY BUSINESS) General Merchandise Apparel, Accessories Furniture, Home Furnishings and Appliance Eating/Drinking Places GENERAL BUSINESS Auto Dealers Gasoline Service Stations Building Materials, Hardware, Garden Supply TOTAL Retail Floor Space Supported by City Equivalent Residents Acreage (sq.ft . ) (inc. parking) Potential Retail Salesa ($1,000) Retail Sales/ Sq.ft. $ 20,878 3,737 7,267 $ 252.35 129.88 184.15 82,734 28,772 39,462 9.5 3.3 4.5 12,319 137.90 89,333 10.3 5,560 112 .81 49,286 5.7 4,083 100 .11 40,785 4.7 9,389 153.90 61,007 7.0 18,571 9,943 210.00 95.00 88,433 104,663 20.3 24.0 4,383 59.29 73,925 17.0 - 658,400 $ 96,130 *Analysis by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. , May 1987. a. Based upon Statewide per capita expenditure patterns and estimated 1982 City population. b. Includes liquor, sporting goods, books, stationary, jewelry, hobby/toys, camera/photo, gifts/novelty, luggage/leather goods, florists and sewing/needlework/piece goods stores. - 123 - Actual Land Use Acres (1986) 17.3 50 27.7 244 61.3 172 106.30 466 �') II T W p C 1 T Y 0 F WAL LE 0 ~ ~·:. I7·:... .,. 1' I' 1 I \ / ~ I ------; -j 7 31 Il I l-~11; 3~rf7 ~ -~ Ll 32 JJi~ ,r 7 N O R T H \I I L L E NORTHVILLE TOWNSHIP T O W N S H I LEGEND f ·:::::::::::j -.❖•-•....-........, Off i Ce - center commercial ~ non center commercial apartment mm (Pd ) planned development option available where designated RETAIL & OFFICE SECTOR PLAN CITY OF NOVI MICHIGAN I ~ P ... 1•~00 BRANDON M. ROGERS & ASSOCIATES, P.C. community planning consultants NOVEMBER , 1987 16 �7-_f r I I ~1I ,., , I • r I I I] - . , ~- ~ I I ~ I L~ ; j • ,II I I~]~· : :fl ;~ , · ~ RTITrr-1 L·· - Jn rrrr+,.J I I: I I I -l, . ii : L lf=LWJ ~j 19 • 0 . ~ z 1 ,-1 I I 30 I - j I I JJ,.,. ~ ~.JJ,i / 'I {I__, ~ /., 1~ - - ' I " rtfF2j [j-)k\qf&ffl I I ,' . l L -t 1 .L T 1:tTIJ1fl, , , ,E=B' □ ~ I PrJ~j-~JJJ rn~1n l LM1IT I r ':!1t:rnm1a~~l 1 ! 9~m~P I I- l' i \32 r 31 1 I 1 [![ ~-C I T Y -- ".L ~~ - I -1- ~ l ~ u_J~ I El~H!ii@~'ii~I : I . -U-"LUCL= I [ J ~ I NO"THVILLE I T O W H S 11 I rT ~ ~i p 11 // N ORTHVILLE LEGE ND €@:,:;;} office - center commercial IJill apartment ~ non center commercial (Pd ) Planned development option available where designated RETAIL & OFFICE SECTOR PLAN CITY OF NOVI M ICHIGA N I ....... ~~ IC•ll l_!Q9_ IOI ~00 ff(T BRANDON M. ROGERS & ASSOCIATES , P. C. commun i ty p l annino consultants NOVEMBER , 1987 16 �) ) ) , T W , COMMERCE CITY rw , WALLEO 0' LAKE ~ WAL LCD I' I ~i LAKE \ :\ ~h ~I\\. I I ►i .i . . , _J__ 1-~(;~', I C T ! I I i I I ,+9 - ~ ~'1--i ~ It ,,~ T ' ••,,,.••• w - ~ ~ il ll ~ I 1 \ '< L>--- _ _, i I U:::L I ~I -1- ---, l,. __J_ 20 19 I 2' I~ . - . ." I --c----c:L-- ~·- - r- -r--- 30 l 11 ' () O __JI ; , ,2 8 I I ~ ~ ' I J J I I J ; 1 1 \'~ ' 7 ~ I I ...!.... 1 I 1~ nl I NORTHVILLE I I I r32T I I c11 1 TOWNSHIP LEGEND [.•.• :::. .! 0 ff i Ce center commercial ~ non center commercial apartment - mm Pd) planned development option available ( where designated RETAIL & OFFICE SECTOR PLAN CITY OF NOVI MICHIGAN I t t A Lt Ill ... ,tlT BRANDON Ill . ROGERS & ASSOCIATES , P.C. community planning consultants NOVEMBER . 1'187 16 �,- 1980 Master Plan Recommendations The City•s 1980 Master Plan for Land Use made a firm recommendation to centralize commercial land use in the vicinity of 1-96 and Novi Road in the center of the City. Center Commercial and Non-Center Commercial ( PD3) areas were planned in an approximate one square mile core area. Elsewhere in the City smaller planned commercial areas were proposed at: Ten Mile Road and Meadowbrook Road Ten Mile Road a.,d Novi Road Ten Mile Road and Beck Road Novi Road at south City limits Beck Road at Pontiac Trail Pontiac Trail west of West Road Fourteen Mile Road at East Lake Drive Novi Road at Thirteen Mile Road East Grand River between Novi Road and Haggerty Road West Grand River, east of Wixom Road East side of Haggerty Road, northerly of Eight Mile Road. Proposed Commercial Proiects There are new shopping centers and retail business projects planned in the City which should be open by end of 1987 or early 1988. 1. Breckenridge ( 12, 123 sq. ft. ), These are: east side of Novi Road, southerly of Nine Mile Road. 2. Pine Ridge (38,235 sq.ft.), west side of Novi Road, northerly of Ten Mile Road. - 124 - �1I 3. Cedar Ridge (39,094 sq. ft. ) , north side of Grand River Avenue between Novi Road and Meadowbrook Road. 4. "The Landing 11 (a.k.a. Novi Shoreline Project) (10,000 sq. ft.), Novi Road at Thirteen Mile Road. 5. Meadowbrook Center (3,780 sq. ft.), North side of Ten Mile Road, easterly of Meadowbrook Road . 6. Eaton Center ( 15,075 sq. ft. ) , north side of Ten Mi le Road, westerly of Novi Road . Other retail projects expected to be developed or started in the 1988-89 period are: 1. Sandstone PUD (90,000 sq.ft.), north of Twelve Mile Road, easterly of Novi Road. 2. Westbrooke Place ( commercial space 120,000 sq. ft. in addition to office space, restaurants and hotel), north side of Grand River Avenue, west of Beck Road. 3. Twelve Oaks ( approximately 550,000 sq. ft., of additional space to the 1,200 , 00 sq.ft. of existing center) at southeast quadrant of Novi Road and Twelve Mile Road. Future Retail Trade Potential and Space Needs The City of Novi has a strong Retail Trade sector. New shopping centers are being built in the 1985-1988 period which will further strengthen the tax and employment base of the City. However, traffic generated from these retail - 125 - �uses will place demands upon City, County and State agencies to upgrade the ., ... transportation system. establishments Further, the concentration of many of the retail trade near the 1-96/ Novi Road intersection Master Plan will require special attention. based upon the City's In the final analysis, the City's ability to optimally capture its economic potential becomes a question of whether such items as accessibility, traffic control, parking and urban design and beautification are well handled by the City, other governmental agencies and commercial developers . Novi has a region. 11 downtown 11 serving not just the City but a large surrounding Access to this downtown is facilitated by a freeway network focusing on the City. Pressures to further intensify this concentration must be care- fully weighed so that the attractiveness and functioning of the City as a good place in which to live and shop is not diminished. Considering shopping center classification, reference is made to Table 39. It is again evident that the City's major shopping centers ( Twelve Oaks, West Oaks I, West Oaks II, Novi Town Center), comprising approximately 2,300,000 sq. ft. of floor space and several department stores, more than meet City residents• future needs. Several convenience convenience-type augmented by stores the shopping in the proposed centers major exist shopping imminent in the centers. commercial projects City including These centers, noted earlier and future development on planned commercial sites, plus shopping centers near the City (e.g., Roads, downtown Meijers in Northville Township at Haggerty and Eight Mile Northville and new planned shopping centers in Commerce Township and Farmington Hills in vicinity of Haggerty and Fourteen Mile Roads) are planned and intended to provide convenient local business services to City residents in the future. It is concluded that no new convenience shopping center sites are needed to serve the expected City population by Year 2010. The Ten Mile/Beck Roads and Westbrooke shopping center sites are well located to serve the west side of the City and the low density housing expected. Ten Mile/Meadowbrook Roads The Ten Mile/Novi Roads and area shopping centers, - 126 - as well as smaller centers �along East Grand River Avenue and on Novi Road, south of Nine Mile Road, are .,... suitably located to serve the southeast part of City. shopping area, "The Landing" and businesses The Sandstone PUD along Novi Road south of TABLE 39 SHOPPING CENTER CLASSIFICATION * ~ Minimum Support Population 5,00010,000 Gross Floor Site Size Area (acres) (Sq.ft.) 3-12 20,000100,000 Principal Tenant Supermarket Type Center Convenience (Local Business) Trade Area 2-3 neighborhoods Minor Comparison (Community Business) Sma 11 Community 20,00060,000 12-20 100,000200,000 Junior Department Store Intermediate Comparison (Community Business) Large Community 60,000100,000 20-40 200,000400,000 Intermediate Department Store Major Comparison (Community Business) Region 250,000+ 50+ 400,000+ One Major or 2-3 Intermediate Department Stores *McKeever, J. Ross; Griffen, Nathaniel M.; and Spink, Frank H., Jr.; Shopping Center Development Handbook, Community Builders Handbook Series (Washington, D.C.: Urban Lan_d Institute, 1977.); plus other sources. Thirteen Mile Road, and the sites at Pontiac Trail/West Trail/Beck Roads all serve the south part of City. the Twelve Oaks/West Oaks/Town Center complex shopping services. - 127 - Roads and Pontiac Finally, as noted earlier, provides many convenience �The continued policy to limit proliferation of spot and strip commercial .',. development throughout City so as to enhance the residential environment and reduce screening requirements and traffic and parking congestion, was recently 12 reiterated by the City Council and Planning Commission. The City is fortunate that it has little strip, shallow depth commercial property and can plan ahead for modern shopping centers which are efficient and attractive. Office Development Past Trends In 1974, at the time of the City's Master Plan inventory phase it was found that 14 acres, or O. 3 percent of the City I s developed area ( 0. 1 percent of City's total area) was devoted to office use where the principal use of a building( s) was for office purposes. Comparable data from the 1986 Existing Land Use survey revealed that 73 acres were so used, developed area (0.4 percent of City's total area). or 1. 2 percent of City's Thus, while there was substantial rate of growth in 12 years, the total land used for office remained small. Reasons for this trend are believed to be ( 1) competition from more central office centers in Southfield, Troy, Farmington Hills, Bloomfield Hills, Birmingham, Dearborn, downtown Detroit, and Ann Arbor areas, (2) slow down effects of the 1979-82 recession, and (3) the accelerating trend for retail business development in City of Novi which escalated property values in central parts of the City which might have otherwise been developed for offices. Existing Office Development From the 1986 Existing Land Use survey, office uses were inventoried and mapped on Sidwell field sheets . acres in the aggregate. As noted above, this type of use comprises 73 It is recognized that many other offices exist as part of high tech, industrial and warehouse/wholesaling establishments which are not 12 City of Novi Philosophy Statement, op . cit. Use, City of Novi, 1980. - 128 - Also Master Plan for Land �included in this total. •I,- A total of 79 separate office establishments are listed in the City's 1986 Registered Business listing. ( See following Existing Office Location Map ( Map 17) and Table 40, Office Survey.) Further analysis and quantification of office uses was performed on collected data. As depicted in Appendix B office uses are classified as to name, address, section number where located and telephone number. Analysis of survey information shows that concentrations of office development are presently at Orchard Hill Place, at Ten Mile Road and Novi Road, at Ten Mile Road/Meadowbrook Road, and along Grand River Avenue. Regional Office Trends Strong office development trends in the Novi region are evident. County has witnessed new major office developments generated Oakland by EDS ( Electronic Data Systems), GMF Robotics, Saturn headquarters and the Chrysler Corporation Technology Center . More new office space ( bu i It si nee 1960) has occurred in the County than in any other county within 200 miles, also account\.. ing in 1985 for two-thirds of all office space built in the State of Michigan. 13 A recent Detroit Metro survey in September 1987 found that there are over 7,000,000 sq.ft. of new office space under construction, the majority being in 14 the City of Troy. In a recent survey, Oakland County had 435 major office buildings having over 18,000 sq.ft., totalling 47 million square feet of floor space. such space was located in the City of Southfield. 15 Half of Approximately 300,000 sq. ft. of office space was recorded in the City of Novi, 4.8 million square feet in the City of Farmington Hills, 8.1 million square feet in the City of Troy, 2.3 million square feet in the Birmingham/ Bingham Farms areas and 1. 3 million in the City 13 Major Economic Activities in Oakland County, Michigan, Oakland County Economic Development Department, February 1986. 14 The Metropolitan Detroit Office Market Summary, The Hayman Company, September 1987. 15 Oakland Focus, Vol. 4, No. 2, June 30, 1986. - 129 - �EXISTING OFFICES 1986 l'OMUAC l~ IIIIAHDON U.IIOOEIII &AISOC:IATU,P,C. communl17 plonnln9 con1ullonl1 (/ I I I I I I I 10 II ~21 I I I I I I ,, I I I 17 llt V( N lot ll l •• I d 19 20 ::i 11 n ~ ll TIN altLf: ..... • 29 30 NIN( .... "" I· t 31 ~ ; 32 - 130 - 17 �TABLE 40 OFFICE SURVEY CITY OF NOVI, MICHIGAN * Section 1 Office Use Master Plan (As Amended to September 1987) (Acres) 12.0 Existing Office (Primary) Use (Acres) Office Use Proposed Master Plan (Acres) Fixed Used (Other than Office Uses) in Proposed Master Plan Areas (Acres) 12.0 Available Planned Areas for New Office Use (Proposed Master Plan) 12.0 2 2.6 2.5 3 4 9 2.7 10 72. 7 11 5.2 12 13 14 15 30.0 48.0 153.5 37.5 219.4 63.2 16 17 18-20 21 22 68.5 23 16.5 24 23.0 25 12.4 26 25.2 27 36.2 28 1. 5 29-34inc 35 36 147.0 n. of I-96 s. of I-96 e. of RR w. of RR n. of I-96 814.5 acres 5.2 4.3 422.8 201.4 48.0 153.5 37.5 59.4 63.2 0.8 4.3 1.4 2.8 3.5 0.9 8.0 10.4 40.0 421.0 189.1 36.2 150.7 37.5 175.9 63.2 2.0 68.5 16.5 23.0 9.7 25.2 36.2 1. 5 10.0 3.6 1.2 7.5 10.0 1.1 4.7 147.0 1,490.6 acres 2.6 31. 5 12.0 75.3 acres 51.5 acres *Survey by Brandon M. Rogers and Associates, P.C., January 1987. - 131 - 58.5 12.9 11.8 1.1 25.2 31. 5 1. 5 103.5 1,332.5 acres �_..,,......._ of Bloomfield Hills. the Sixty-four percent of the County's office development is in 1-696 corridor which continues along the soon to be widened 1-96 from Telegraph Road through the City of Novi. During the 1985-86 period office and commercial development has continued to occur in communities 1-696/1-96 and Haggerty especially along along the Road/1-275. 1-96/Twelve Mile County's growth corridors, including Office development is moving westerly Road in Farmington Hills and northerly along 1-275/ Haggerty Road from the Plymouth/Northville/Livonia area. via 1-275, south to 1-94 and Detroit/Wayne County Metropolitan Access Airport is excellent. While there has been concern about oversaturation of the office space market, not withstanding low vacancy rates in the Novi region, regional office demand is strong. It is expected that the thrust into the City of Novi of new office development will be significant. factors are site accessibility, the overall traffic congestion, Limiting development utility service and land prices. As reported by Oakland County, most of the County's office space (40 million square feet) existing and planned is general rental space, a fluid 16 leases. The office development will place market typified by short term growing pressures on roads, police, fire and traffic control services. The report emphasizes that South Oakland County is no longer a "suburban area", that this area is actually the center of gravity for modern office space in the Southeast Michigan region. 1980 Master Plan Recommendations The City's 1980 Master Plan proposed substantial areas for Office use, both Office and Office-PD-2. Total area proposed on the original 1980 Plan was 17 540 acres, or eight percent of City area. Principal areas proposed at that time for Office use were: 1. 16 Orchard Hill Place Remarks by Jack Driker to 1-696 Corridor Committee, September 10, 1986. 17 Master Plan for Land Use, City of Novi, Michigan, October 1980, p. 21. - 132 - �2. Between Twelve Mile Road and 1-96, between West Oaks I and 11 and C&O Railroad. 3. North side of Twelve Mile Road between Dixon Road and C&O Railroad. 4. Area between Novi Road and Dixon Road, between Twelve Mile Road and 12-1 /2 Mile Road. 5. West side of Novi Road between Ten Mile Road and C&O Railroad. 6. Areas in vicinity of Novi Road, south of Ten Mile Road. 7. Areas at Ten Mile Road and Haggerty Road. 8. Small areas along south side of Grand River Avenue in vicinity of Olde Orchard Avenue and Seeley Road (extended); at Haggerty Road/ Fourteen Mile Road intersection; at Ten Mile Road/Taft Road intersection; at Nine Mile Road/ Haggerty Road intersection; and at Ten Mile Road/ Meadowbrook Road intersection. ·= Regarding Office land use planning, the Master Plan has- been amended in 1986-1987 to: 1. Expand Office use at the Haggerty Road/Fourteen Mile Road area. 2. Designate the portion of Bob-O-Link golf course north of Grand River Avenue for Office purposes. 3. (Westbrooke Place) Change certain frontage on north side of Grand River Avenue, east of Town Center to Office use. 4 . . Expand proposed Office use on north side of Ten Mile Road westerly of Providence Hospital facility at Haggerty Road. ( Brookside Office parcel on Meadowbrook Road, Park) 5. Remove Office use designation for a southerly of Ten Mile Road. 6. ( Peachtree Center) Revise Office areas in Section 10. (Northwest Quadrant of Novi Road and Twelve Mile Road) Proposed Office Projects Several office projects are pending in OSC, 8-3 and 1-1 Districts. Novi on properties zoned OS-1, A strong new trend is evident. - 133 - Pending projects �are ( see also City's Projects Map): 1. Orchard Hill Place Complex a. Orchard Hill Place, a five story office building (130,400 sq. ft.) on north side of Orchard Hill Drive, westerly of Haggerty Road. b. 250 Building, a seven story office building (257,000 sq. ft.) immediately west of the Novi Hilton. c. 200 Building, a six story office building (200,000 sq. ft.) south of the 250 Building. 2. Lake Pointe Office Center a. Lake Pointe Office Center, a three story office building (92,877 sq. ft. ) on the east side of Town Center Drive between Eleven Mile Road and Crescent Boulevard. b. Lake Pointe building Office Center 11, a proposed three story office (93,000 sq.ft.) lying south of Item 2,a. above on east side of Town Center Drive, northerly of Eleven Mile Road. Lake Pointe Office Center 111 and IV, proposed three story office c. buildings, to be approximately 93,000 sq. ft. respectively, and 100,000 sq. ft. to be built after Lake Pointe Office Center 11 is completed. 3. Brookside Office Park (Phase I) -- A three building complex (45,520 sq. ft.) on north side of Ten Mile Road, westerly of Haggerty Road. 4. North Hills Office Center (Also known as Simon Office Building) -- A two story office building ( 16, 128 sq. ft.) on the north side of Twelve Mile Road between Novi Road and Meadowbrook Road. 5. South Park Office Building -- A two story office building (14,250 sq. ft.) on west side of Novi Road, southerly of Ten Mile Road. 6. Holly Hills Office Building (Phase 111) -- A one story building office (12,600 sq.ft.) on the south side of Ten Mile Road, westerly of Two medical office buildings Haggerty Road. 7. Novi Professional Building -- (10,918 sq. ft. total) on west side of Novi Road, southerly of Ten Mi le Road. - 134 - �Maxim Building -- A two story general office building (38,100 sq.ft.) 8. on north side of Grand River Avenue between Novi Road and Meadowbrook Road . 9. State Farm Service Center -- A two story office/ customer claim center (14,422 sq. ft.) on the east side of Novi Road, northerly of Ten Mile Road ( adjacent to Evans Mechanical). 10. Lake Pointe Corporate Center -- A multi building office complex of 290,680 sq. ft. space proposed on a 27. 94 acre site on the west side of Meadowbrook Road between 1-96 and Eleven Mile Road . 11 . A mixed use center of offices, hotel and service Westbrooke Place commercial uses in a 72.5 acre Avenue, Beck Road, and 1-96. parcel bounded by Grand River Office space estimated to be 850,000 sq. ft. with construction startup in 1988. 12 . Trammel Crow Company -- A preliminary office park development (1,200,000 sq.ft.) of 3 to 5 story buildings in area bounded by Twelve Mile Road, Meadowbrook Road, 1-96 and Twelve Oaks Shopping Center. Not counting Westbrooke Place, Trammel Crow's Twelve Mile/Meadowbrook office complex, and Lake Pointe Office Center 111 and IV total square footage of new office projects is about 1,175,000 sq.ft. This compares to estimated City office development of 299,783 sq.ft. in 1985, 182,000 sq.ft. in 1980, and under 18 10,000 sq.ft. in 1977. Future Office Demand and Development With substantial and residential Banking, real estate, insurance, distributorships and other service complementary to retail Novi trade is a concomitant emerging development services. finding there industrial in are City, business, occurring businesses the retail an attractive centers, location. industrial need for Such parks uses and support can residential neighborhoods. 18 Master Plan for Land Use, City of Novi, Michigan, op.cit., p . 17. - 135 - be �Further, with the strong office development in the 1-96/Twelve Mile Road corridor and the 1-275/Haggerty corridor, both converging on Novi, new development is likely to look to the City for available office sites which have or will soon have excellent regional accessibility. pletion of 1-696 from 1-75 Further, westerly to Telegraph with the imminent comRoad and the scheduled widening of 1-696 from Telegraph Road to 1-275 with additional interchanges at Haggerty Road and other locations, the thrust of office development westerly can be anticipated. Thus the proposed office land use areas are depicted as having good development potential, accessibility, likely high tax base, and low environmental impact. Recent developer interest in office sites in the City support the belief that substantial office development can be expected in the future. Based upon the survey of existing and planned office areas in the City of Novi, it was seen that considerable vacant planned area exists suitable for office development. (See Table 40.) Under the present City Master Plan 880 acres are planned for Office future use. Of this 11 planned 11 area about 65 acres are used today primarily for office purposes. It is, therefore, recommended that Office use be planned: 1. Between Twelve Mile Road and 1-96, and between Twelve Oaks Shopping Center and Haggerty Road ( Sections 13 and 14), approximately 624 acres. This proposal reflects an appreciation of this strategic corridor soon to have improved freeway access and which is largely vacant. 2. Between 1-96 and Grand River Avenue, Taft and Beck Roads, capitalizing on highly visible, accessible locations along the Freeway. 3. At other planned Office areas on the present Master Plan with the exception of a small Office area at the northwest corner of Nine Mile Road and Haggerty Road. - 136 - �It should be noted that Office land use is permitted in proposed Commercial and Industrial areas designated on the Master Plan thus expanding the opportunity for office development, either in solely Office use buildings or as part of commercial or industrial complexes. Previously planned Office areas north of Twelve Mile Road, between Novi Road and the C&O Railroad ( Sections 9 and 10), were reduced and repositioned in the Master Plan in August, 1987. (Net reduction of 65 . 8 acres.) The foregoing recommendations for office and retail future land use as depicted on the Retail & Office Sector Plan (Map 16) would appear to split the City in an east-west direction between Twelve Mile Road and Avenue and create a barrier for cross access. Grand River However, with the implementa- tion of the proposed City Thoroughfare Plan, the Taft Road connector and the Decker/Meadowbrook Roads alignment will augment Haggerty, Road to provide desirable vehicular accessways. Novi and Beck As office and retail areas are developed, there will be continued need to improve road capacities and design safety standards. City s 1 With conformity to proposed Thoroughfare Plan Consultant, planned rights-of-way ( ROW) in the ( Map 15), the City s Traffic Engineering 1 working in association with the City 1 s Planning Consultant, has concluded that adequate ROW exists to handle planned future retail and office land uses, as well as residential and industrial uses. - 137 - �INDUSTRIAL AREAS PLAN Introduction The City of Novi has extensive areas planned and zoned for industrial use. These areas are principally along the Grand River Avenue/1-96 corridor and the C&O Railroad corridor. mix of light The City has been attractive to a diversified industrial/warehouse/wholesaling establishments owing to its strategic location in the Southeastern Michigan area and accessibility by several freeways. Ample industrial land is available in a range of parcel sizes at reasonable cost. The value to the City in terms of tax base and job opportuni12 ties is significant. As stated in the City of Novi Philosophy Statement , 11 ••• we [City] should have a place for dean industries to develop and produce the finest of modern technology ... 11 Goals for such achievement, as previously stated in the Goals and Objectives of the Master Plan Update are: 1. To define 11 industry 11 considering the environmental clean impact of such uses (e.g., the production, use or disposal of hazardous and toxic materials). 2. To review and revise ( if necessary) the Industrial Land Use Plan in Iight of water), existing land infrastructure uses, natural needs, traffic resources impacts, ( including ground relationship to residential land uses, etc. Existing Land Use and Development Trends Based upon findings in the Existing Land Use Survey, there were in 1986 1,900 acres of land zoned for industrial use of which 694 acres or 36. 5 percent were actually so used. More specifically, not counting extractive industrial use, 284 acres of Light Industrial land and 277 acres of General Industrial land 13 exist. These zoned districts are reflective of planned Industrial areas on the Master Plan for Land Use. 12 City of Novi Philosophy Statement, op.cit., 1986. 13 E . . x1sting Lan d Use S urvey, Master Pl an Up d ate, Ph ase 11 , August 1986. - 138 - �Recent industrial development has occurred in these well established industrial districts without intrusion into residential areas. There has also been a substantial amount of office and high tech development, some in association with warehousing and wholesaling activities. It is in these areas, having functional services regarding industrial service roads, utilities and high level of site planning, that it is possible for the City and the industrial owners to have compatible long-term viability. Further, there is an ample labor force supply in the surrounding area as the suburban growth of housing has also expanded. Compared to other Oakland County communities, it may be seen that Novi is one of the top 10 leaders in actual industrial land use, ranking fourth behind Troy, Pontiac and Orion Township. (See Table 41.) In reference to amount of vacant industrially zoned land, Novi ranks first in the County. In number of large size vacant industrially zoned parcels, Novi has nearly twice as many 14 parcels five acres or larger ( 51) than any other community in the County. Total State Equalized Valuation ( SEV) property (1987 rolls) was $79,700,350. City's total SEV of $593,307,905. of industrial real and personal This comprises about 13 percent of the 15 Industrial Parks There are several industrial parks in City of Novi which have or will provide full services. 1. Principal ones are; Novex One Industrial Park, located on Heslip Drive, northerly of Nine Mile Road. This is the City's only Certified Industrial recorded by the State of Michigan's Department of Commerce. Park as All lots are now built or are under commitment. 2. Novi Industrial Park, located along Roethel Drive, on the south side of Nine Mile Road. This new development has all services and includes the City's sanitary sewage holding tank facility. development One research and user already exists in the Park and a second use is planned. 14 Oakland County Planning Division, Vacant Land Zoned Industrial, County Land File, June 1987. 15 City Assessor's records, November 1987. - 139 - �TABLE 41 INDUSTRIAL LAND USE AND ZONING OAKLAND COUNTY COMMUNITIES* Community Existing Industri 11 Land Use (Acres) Vacant Land Zoned Industrial 2 (Acres) Percent of Vacant Industrial Land to Industrially Used Land Troy 1,535 176 . 2 11.5 Pontiac 1,432 87.4 6.1 Orion Township 882 469.7 53.3 Novi 865 1,155.3 3 133.6 Mad i son Heights 739 59.6 8.1 Rochester Hills 721 531.2 73.7 Auburn Hills 655 874.4 133.5 Farmington Hi 11 s 641 123.3 19.2 Wixom 553 847.5 153.3 Commerce Township 521 622.1 119.4 * Compilation by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. Statistical variations for City of Novi from the City's 1986 Existing Land Use Study are due to survey techniques. Extractive industrial use included in County Survey. 1. Division of Planning, Department of Community & Economic Development, Oakland County, 1986 Land Use Inventory for Oakland County, June 1987. Communities with substantial industrial mining operations not included. 2. Oakland County Planning Division, Vacant Land Zoned Industrial, County Land File, June 1987. 3 . Reduced to 995 acres by the rezoning on November 9, 1987 of approximately 160 acres of land between Grand River Avenue and I-96, and between Taft and Beck Roads to OS-2 District . - 140 - �3. Catherine Drive (Ten-Novi) Industrial Area, north of Ten Mile Road, easterly of Novi Road. 4. Vincenti This area is now all under development. Industrial Park, extending northerly of Grand River Avenue. easterly of Meadowbrook Road, This Park is totally developed with full services. 5. Lakepointe Corporate Center/Novi Business Park, along both sides of Eleven Mile Road, westerly of Meadowbrook Road . Being developed by Trammell Crow Company, these office-high tech complexes are currently under development and will comprise nearly 500,000 square of space when completed. 6. Novi Industrial/Research/Office Park, a pending light industrial subdivision on north side of Nine Mile Road, easterly of C&O Railroad. . - According to a recent regional survey 16 , there are 270 industrial parks in the Detroit Region, 30 being added in 1987. The top 10 communities and their parks are: Livonia ( 31 ) Warren (8) Troy ( 15) Wixom (8) Sterling Heights ( 10) Westland ( 7) Rochester ( 10) Auburn Hills (6) Farmington Hills ( 9) Novi ( 5) Industrial Potential Since the City has a substantial supply of vacant industrial land, there is good prospect for further industrial development. roads, The availability of paved water and sewer facilities for most such land, accessible markets and permissive zoning are all attractive features for new developers. The amount of quality industrial and associated office and high tech development that will take place and expand in the City of Novi in the future will depend to a large extent on the City's ability to provide access by developers to utility services and sites meeting local development standards and compatibility with adjacent uses. 16 Robinson Reports, "Continued Growth", November 1987. - 141 - �Industrial Land Use Plan Only one major change in areas for Industrial future land use is proposed, that being the property between Grand River Avenue and 1-96, and between Taft and Beck Owing Roads. to high visibility along 1-96, proximity to Westbrooke Place on west side of Beck Road and to the City's Town Center area, and access to 1-96 Freeway at the Beck Road and Novi Road inter- changes, approximately 160 acres of land is proposed for Planned Office Service use. Such area was rezoned on November 9, 1987 by the City Council to 05-2, Planned Office Service District. In order to better interface and coordinate planned industrial areas with residential areas, the City in 1986 amended its Zoning Ordinance to require substantial screening/landscaping and setbacks, reduced building heights, and specific types of industrial uses wherever industrial zoning abuts residentially zoned property. Such protective measures were deemed necessary since indus- trially planned and zoned land abuts over 10 miles of adjacent residential area in the City. The Industrial Land Use Plan (Map 18) recognizes a need for providing suitable sites for light and general industry and has so allocated areas for the most part which have all weather roads, utilities and usable space. Reiterating 17 the 1980 Master Plan's objectives for industrial development , the Plan as proposed is designed to: 1. Reorient the industrial corridors, to a great extent, from a general industrial orientation to a more desirable light industrial orientation. 2. Encourage the development of a quality industrial base in Novi through the provision of planned industrial subdivisions. 3. Develop a system of industrial grade streets designed to promote the efficient flow of industrial related traffic within the designated industrial areas. 4. Call attention to the need to introduce design techniques that will create a proper visual environment in the industrial areas. 17 Master Plan for Land Use, City of Novi, Michigan, - 142 - October 1980, p.29. �( ) ) ) C O M M E A C E T W P. C I T Y 0 F W A L LE 0 L A I( COMMERCE f T W P• ., ·U C I T T 1 OF 1f nc:;v1 NILE I Y \p;;::.W ' A v <_...:..:::::: • / I ::--,, l I ~I ........ ~fwln•·••11 I1 W'.J f r I !: 'i 19 • . 0 32 31 7 NORTHVILLE ~ LIGHT INDUSTRIAL LANO USE 1111 GENERAL INDUSTRIAL NORTHV ILLE TOWNSHIP TOWNSHIP LAND USE ..... INDUSTRIAL AREAS PLAN CITY OF NOVI MI C HIGAN I NOVEMBER , 1987 BRANDON M. ROGERS & ASSOCIATES , P.C. community planning consultants 18 �APPENDIX A SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS POPULATION PROJECTIONS * The growth rates estimated using the logistic model were applied to protect household growth between 1980 and 2005. Community level growth was factored so that the regional total remained consistent with the regional forecast. This method requires accurate information regarding the capacity of a community for future growth, and is based on the assumption that the historic rate of growth is an appropriate basis for future projections. accounts for expected loss of housing The household forecast also units due to fire, abandonment and general depreciation of the capital stock. The distribution of households by five income groups and five life cycles was also projected for each community. At the regional level households were ranked by income and divided into five equal groups, or quintiles. The method used to project households by life cycle and income group takes into consideration the effects of residential mobility, acteristics of the housing stock. aging and char- For each five year progression of the fore- cast, the probability that households will have changed residential location is calculated based on the income quintile and life cycle of the household. and * non-movers Movers are grouped by life cycle and the probability that households SEMCOG, Small Area Forecast, Version 1 84, June 21, 1984. �shift from one life cycle to another is calculated . Mover households are re- assigned to communities based on their income and life cycle and the characteristics of available housing in each community. The model assumes that a house- hold's choice to own or rent housing and the price it is willing to pay for housing are determined by household income and life cycle. As in the case of total households, the projections of life cycle and income are factored to agree with regional forecast totals and the total number of households projected for each community . Population projections are based on the distribution of households by life cycle within each community . For each household life cycle, the average num- ber of persons in each of seven age groups was calculated using data from the 1980 Census. r,- group . These factors were applied to derive the total population by age To this total was added the count of persons resident in institutions or group quarters. It was assumed that the count of such persons would remain at 1980 levels throughout the forecast period. A consequence of this method is that the rate of change in the household size of communities will vary across the region. Stable communities with an aging population and relatively low proportions of households with children are projected to experience turnover in their housing stock in which smaller, childless households are replaced by larger households with children. Since these communities had below average ratios of persons per household in 1980, this trend means that the decline in that ratio will be comparatively small by 2005 . Communities that have been settled largely during the last decade and that have high proportions of households with children are projected to experience the greatest decline in household size. Within twenty years, children �presently living in these communities will have grown up and left their parents• homes to form their own households, leaving behind smaller households occupied by their parents. Household Life Cycles - A means of grouping households according to the stage of life of the head of the household. SEMCOG defines five groups based on whether there are minor children present in the household, the age of the youngest child where minor children are present, and the age of the head of the household where there are no minor children. Life Cycle 1 - Households with no minor children in which the head of the household is less than 35 years old. r- Life Cycle 2 - Households with no minor children in which the head of the household is between 35 and 65 years old. Life Cycle 3 - Households with no minor children in which the head of the household is 65 years or older. Life Cycle 4 - Households with minor children in which the youngest child is less than six years old. Life Cycle 5 - Households with minor children in which the youngest child is six years old or older. Household Income Quintiles - A means of grouping households according to their relative position in the regional income distribution. Quintiles are formed �by ranking households by income and dividing them into five equal groups. Quintile 1 income. Households where income falls below the twentieth percentile of In 1979 this group had incomes less than $8,648. Quintile 2 - Households whose income falls between the twentieth and fortieth percentile of income. In 1979, this group had incomes between $8,648 and $17,238. Quintile 3 - Households whose income falls between the fortieth and sixtieth percentile of income. In 1979, this group had incomes between $17,239 and $25,290. Quintile 4 - Households whose income falls between the sixtieth and eightieth percentile of income. In 1979, this group had incomes between $25,291 and $35,741. Quintile 5 - Households whose income exceeds the eightieth percentile of income. In 1979, this group had incomes in excess of $35,741. Median Income Quintile - This is an index that relates the income distribution within a community or other geographic area to that of the region. score of this index for the region as a whole is 2. 5. The Communities with scores greater than 2. 5 have an income distribution that is skewed toward the higher income ranges found within the region. Those where the score is below 2. 5 tend to have an income distribution with higher concentrations of households in the lower income quintiles. �APPENDIX B NOVI COMMUNITY SCHOOLS FACILITIES TASK FORCE PROJECTED ENROLLMENT BASED ON ANTICIPATED CONSTRUCTION 213 Single Family @ . 78 per residence = 166 students 652 Apartments @ .1918 per unit = 291 students Single Family Distribution of 166 Students Students K-4 48.6% 5-6 14.3% 81 24 7-8 ~9% 20 9-12 25.1% 41 (166) Apartments - Distribution of 125 Students K-4 38.3% Students TOTAL r· 5-6 14. 1% 7-8 12.4% 9-12 35.2% 48 18 16 43 (125) 129 42 36 84 ( 291) Students 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 K - 4 (+129) 1411 (+129) 1540 (+129) 1669 5 - 6 (+42) 497 (+42) 539 (+42) 581 7 - 8 (+36) 515 (+36) 551 (+36) 587 9 - 12 (+84) 1256 (+84) 1342 (+84) 1428 Spec. Ed. Grand Totals lnc./Dec. 84 3763 291 84 4056 291 84 4349 291 ,--. �APPENDIX B (Continued) NOVI COMMUNITY SCHOOLS FACILITIES TASK FORCE STUDENT POPULATION STUDY ( 5 and 3 Year Projection ) Grades 1988-89 5 Year 3 Year 1987-88 3 Year 5 Year 1989-90 3 Year 5 Year Kindergarten 297 297 315 315 334 334 1st Grade 297 302 315 321 334 340 2nd Grade 275 280 306 317 324 337 3rd Grade 259 264 275 286 306 323 4th Grade Subtotal 243 1371 250 1393 267 1478 280 1519 283 1581 303 1637 5th Grade 252 252 255 263 280 294 6th Grade Subtotal 241 493 244 496 262 517 265 528 265 545 276 570 7th Grade 227 232 246 254 267 276 8th Grade Subtotal 252 479 252 484 236 482 241 495 256 523 264 540 9th Grade 249 256 265 272 248 260 10th Grade 266 268 251 261 268 277 11th Grade 297 291 274 271 259 264 12th Grade Subtotal Special Ed. 338 1150 338 1153 297 1101 279 1054 276 1077 89 89 303 1093 94 94 100 100 GRAND TOTAL 3582 3615 3664 3737 3803 3924 110 143 82 122 139 187 Inc. /Dec. I �APPENDIX 8 (Continued) NOVI COMMUNITY SCHOOLS FACILITIES TASK FORCE STUDENT POPULATION STUDY (Straight Line & Survival Method) 1987-88 Grades SL 1988-89 SUR SL 1989-90 SUR SL SUR Kindergarten 280 297 280 315 280 333 1st Grade 280 283 280 300 280 318 2nd Grade 267 267 280 275 280 283 3rd Grade 259 236 267 236 280 236 4th Grade 236 247 259 255 267 262 1322 1330 1366 1366 1381 1432 5th Grade 240 244 236 256 259 269 6th Grade 232 232 240 241 236 251 Subtotal 472 476 476 497 495 520 7th Grade 223 247 232 252 240 257 8th Grade 242 246 223 256 232 267 Subtotal 465 493 455 508 472 524 9th Grade 237 276 242 290 223 304 10th Grade 263 291 237 294 242 297 11th Grade 288 341 263 351 237 362 12th Grade 331 288 302 263 308 1119 296 1204 1030 1237 965 1271 84 89 84 94 84 100 3462 3592 3411 3717 3403 3484 -10 +120 -51 +125 -8 +131 Subtotal Subtotal Special Ed. GRAND TOTAL lnc./Dec. �APPENDIX C Commercial Local Business ( 124). -- Business land Also referred to as Convenience Shopping, Local areas consist of relatively compact groups of stores and/or services which satisfy the day-to-day shopping included drug, in this category are food, needs personal of residents. services, and Uses other convenience-type establishments. Community Business ( 122). -- Community Business areas, also referred to as Comparison Shopping, are those containing a single structure or group of structures having a large amount of floor space and a variety of commercial and service establishments which offer major products or services less frequently needed but which a customer usually comparison shops before buying. these areas are referred to as community or regional shopping centers. Often, Com- mercial uses included in this category are general merchandise, apparel and • accessories, furniture and appliances and other comparison-type commercial establishments. General Business ( 123). -- Uses included in the General Business cate- gory are lumber, building materials, hardware, eating and drinking establishments, automotive dealers, and gasoline service stations. These uses do not require location in a shopping center, rather they benefit by a location on a major thoroughfare permitting good access. Office ( 1212). -- Office uses are uses which include business, financial, personal, professional and repair service establishments . �APPENDIX D JUNE 1987 - Local Business (Section) Business Name Type of Business Address Section Telephone ARBOR DRUGS, INC. DISCOUNT VIDEO GIFTS ALA CARDE LEONG ON PJ'S DONUTS & CONES ROMANO'S PIZZERIA THREE-WAY CLEANERS BOURJAILY, RANDAL/GNRL. DENISTRY BRITE & WHITE CASTLE WINE SHOPPE COLUMBIA CONEY ISLAND GREAT LAKE VIDEO #2 HAIR CROSSING, THE MISTER NATURAL'S PIZZA DESERT ROSE CAFE MANUFACTURERS BANK AAA SALES OFFICE ALAN JAMES SALON BLUE RIBBON SCREEN PRINTING INACOMPT COMPUTER CENTER JACKSON/LANDSCAPING, FLOWERS BY KWIK PRINT PLUS MAISANO, T.C. & (Towne Club) MCREA ELECTRIC COMPANY MELDISCO K-M NOVI HAIR AFFAIR A & P GROCERY ACO INC. DEPOT IV CONVENIENCE STORE DOINIDIS CHIROPRACTIC DOMINO'S PIZZA ELAINE'S SCHOOL OF DANCE F/STOP, INC. FOTOMAT CORPORATION DT53 HAIRMERICA HOOK'S JEWELRY INC. IN STOCK WALLPAPER, INC. JON'DI CERAMIC & GIFT SHOP LA FLEUR FLORIST MANUFACTURERS BANK MARIA'S ITALIAN BAKERY MASON REALTY, CAROL MATERNITY FACTORY OUTLET MCNISH'S INC. MEADOWBROOK VETERINARY MINNS, STEPHEN, DDS, PC NOVI FLOOR COVERING NOVI HEALTH CENTER NOVI VIDEO HOUSE, INC. local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local 45065 45057 45037 45017 45033 45049 45053 30900 30910 30970 30990 30960 30930 30959 41935 26222 26133 26115 44311 43737 26111 26103 26139 21765 43825 43535 41840 41000 26127 41616 41728 41668 43220 41600 41698 41690 41800 41736 41714 42701 41652 41766 51660 43343 41646 41790 41744 41630 41774 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 624-4110 363-8005 669-9494 624-7769 624-4477 624-4700 669-4344 669-4030 669-4226 624-6400 669-2424 624-4242 624-0422 624-9300 348-2288 348-6300 348-5600 348-3360 348-7755 348-8041 348-2880 348-2240 348-1647 349-4424 348-3660 349-0730 349-9670 340-4255 348-2155 348-7580 349-9101 349-2728 348-9355 348-2510 348-2830 348-1040 348-2171 348-0840 349-1980 349-6911 348-0543 344-1800 349-9494 348-1820 349-7447 348-9555 348-2622 349-3740 348-9191 business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business Pontiac Trial Pontiac Trail Pontiac Trail Pontiac Trail Pontiac Trail Pontiac Trail Pontiac Trail Beck Road Beck Road Beck Road Beck Road Beck Road Beck Road Beck Road Twelve Mile Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Grand River West Oaks Drive Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Rathlone West Oaks Drive Grand River, P.O. 353 West Ten Mile Road Ten Mile Road Novi Road West Ten Mile Road Ten Mile Road Ten Mile Road Grand River Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road Grand River Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road Ten Mile Road �Pg. 2 - Local Business (Section) Business Name Type Of Business Address NOVI VISION CLINIC PERRY DRUG STORES, INC. RADIO SHACK #6369 RANDON HOUSE INTERIORS SELECTED SERVICE PRODUCTS SILVERMAN'S RESTAURANT TOTAL FOOT CARE/NORMAN BRANT WEISMAN CLEANERS A&M BULK FOODS OF NOVI CAGLE'S MARKET DAVID'S FAMILY HAIR CARE DISCOUNT VIDEO NOVI FOX VIDEO PRECIOUS TIMES PRICE POINT JEWELRY S & W ENTERPRISES WESLEY BERRY NOVI WILLOWBROOK PARTY STORE DUNKIN DONUTS GOLDEN OAKS CONVENIENCE GWENDOLYN'S LTD. LEON'S FAMILY DINING MAJESTIK AH WOK RESTAURANT ANDY'S MEAT HUT BE'LYNN COIFFURES & FASHIONS BUDGETING SYSTEMS CHILDREN'S ARK, INC. COMMUNITY EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERV. JACK'S MEAT MARKET JERRY'S BARBER SHOP KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN LITTLE CEASAR PIZZA MORNING DOUGHNUT DEPOT NOVI MEDICAL CENTER, P.C. ONE HOUR MARTINIZING QUICK PRINT CONCEPTS SEVEN ELEVEN STORE SUZZETTE HAIR STYLIST VINTAGE WINE SHOPPE INFORMEDIA MARKETING local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local local 41758 41820 41750 41706 41728 41600 41782 41630 39863 39755 40799 41370 39787 41001 39853 39843 40799 39799 41360 39415 24185 24195 39455 22619 41563 24150 24150 41539 41671 22755 41527 41539 41491 41467 24150 41431 41479 41503 24111 41515 41455 21310 business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road Ten Mile Road Grand River Grand River Grand River West Ten Mile Road Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road Haggerty Road Haggerty Road Ten Mile Road Heatherwood West Ten Mile Road Novi Road Novi Road West Ten Mile Road Ten Mile Road Heslip Drive West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road Novi Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road Meadowbrook Road West Ten Mile Road West Ten Mile Road East Glen Haven Section 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 35 Telephone 349-0990 349-6150 348-9466 348-6061 348-6737 349-2885 349-9050 348-8222 422-2130 348-2517 471-4794 477-6041 476-4888 477-9900 476-2990 471-9110 471-3577 474-8745 477-3978 476-5690 478-0444 478-9742 348-7873 349-9260 349-0424 348-1320 349-5770 349-2691 471-4747 349-8490 349-7171 349-0810 349-6650 349-8090 349-5011 349-6630 348-2580 349-0711 349-8770 348-3155 348-2444 �JUNE 1987 - Community Business (Section) Business Name Type of Business Section Address Telephone ------------=======================================-==---=-=----------------------------------------------- - ALVIN'S, INC. AMERICAN EAGLE OUTFITTERS AMERICAN GIRL UNIFORMS ANTON'S, INC. ARBY'S ROAST BEEF ART WORKS AUGUST MAX B.C. CLOTHING BAKERS SHOE STORE BARI, JOAN BASS, G.H. BAUER, EDDIE BAUM INC., KAY BENELTON BONNIE & CLYDE BROOKS FASHION STORES INC. BRYANT, INC . , LANE BURTS SHOE STORE BUTLER'S SHOE STORE CAPEZIO SHOES CASUAL CORNER CHAMIS CHANDLERS SHOE STORES CHEERS, A.J. CHILDREN'S PLACE, INC., THE CHOCLOLATES by HENRY K CHURCHILL'S LTD. CIRCUS WORLD TOY STORES COFFEE BEANERY COMMAND PERFORMANCE COOKIE BIN COOKIE FACTORY COREY'S JEWEL BOX COUNTY SEAT DALTON BOOKSELLER, B. DECOR CORPORATION DETROIT OPTOMETRIC CENTER DOCKTOR PET CENTERS, INC. DUNNS CITY CAMERA EDWARDS, T. ELIAS BROTHERS RESTAURANT ELLIOTT TRAVEL SERVICE EVOLA MUSIC CENTER/LOWERY FANNY FARMER CANDY FASHION CONSPIRACY FINGER'S OF THE MALL FIREPLACE PLUS FOOT LOCKER FREDRICK'S community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community corrmunity corrmunity community community community corrmunity community community corrmunity community community corrmunity business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business 27490 27336 27376 27332 27500 27442 27702 27314 27216 27408 27500 27520 27414 27404 27314 27400 27690 27308 27476 27252 27244 27430 27402 27500 27228 27268 27254 27212 27220 27532 27726 27530 27224 27328 27350 27500 27472 27378 27528 27500 27530 27542 27362 27222 27210 27234 27456 27694 27232 Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 349-8000 349-0241 340-9760 349-0970 349-5270 349-6970 348-7140 348-5040 348-2551 348-2268 348-5100 340-4411 348-4412 349-0082 348-1070 348-1175 349-4208 349-7170 348-9557 348-5030 348-1130 348-8211 348-7320 349-2500 348-9230 348-1750 349-8051 348-1055 348-4114 349-5558 348-2227 348-6440 348-2707 349-6970 348-2900 349-9765 349-3128 348-9390 348-3308 348-4232 349-0151 349-3834 349-0994 349-8886 349-4141 348-8707 �Pg. 2 - Community Business (Section) Type Of Business Business Name • • ,. GALA HALLMARK GANTOS GAP, THE GENERAL NUTRITION CENTER GODIVA CHOCOLATIER GOLDSMITH, LTD. GREYSTONE LTD. HAIRCUT HOUSE HARDY SHOE STORE HEIDI I S OF NOVI HERMAN'S WORLD OF SPORTING GOODS HICKORY FARMS OF OHIO HOFFRITZ FOR CUTLERY, INC. HOMEMAKER SHOPS HUDSON COMPANY, J.L. HUSH PUPPIE SHOES I NATURAL COSMETICS JEAN NICOLE JEAN WEST JOHNSTON & MURPHY SHOES JONATHON B PUB JOYCE SELBY SHOES JUST PANTS KAY BEE TOY & HOBBY WORLD KERBY'S KNEY ISLAND INN KINNEY SHOES LA-Z-BOY SHOWCASE SHOPPE LADY FOOTLOCKER LAURA ASHLEY LECHTERS MICHIGAN INC. LERNER SHOPS LEROYS KEEPSAKE JEWELERS LIFETOUCH PORTRAIT STUDIOS LIMITED EXPRESS LIMITED STORES INC. , THE LORD & TAYLOR MACAULEY I S INC. MARIANNE MASONS LTD. MCAN SHOES, THOM MCBRYDE'S MERRY-GO-ROUND MEYER JEWELERY COMPANY MICHEL'S BAGUETTE II, INC. MORROW'S NUT HOUSE MOTHERCARE STORES, INC. MOTHERHOOD MATERNITY SHOPS MOVIES AT TWELVE OAKS MR. TILE OF NOVI, INC. MUSICLAND NATIONAL HEALTH & NUTRITION community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community corrmunity community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community corrmunity community community community corrmunity business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business Section Address 27370 27272 27482 27454 27342 27492 27500 27196 27192 27680 27390 27226 27318 27200 27550 27398 27256 27358 27452 27344 27302 27728 27426 27420 27198 27276 27754 27500 27498 27500 27474 27428 27150 27330 27262 27650 27524 27312 27494 27464 27496 27662 27206 27500 27444 27322 27458 27300 27756 27484 27692 Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Telephone 349-2091 349-9290 349-3544 349-9549 348-1000 348-7370 349-0130 349-7333 348-7610 349-8040 348-1886 340-9644 348-9495 348-3232 348-2340 349-2662 349-5655 349-9750 349-8270 349-3950 349-3271 348-1480 348-1520 349-3363 348-3313 349-3700 349-2884 349-0117 348-8960 348-3190 349-9933 349-5307 348-3400 348-2200 348-2650 348-2219 348-9912 348-6610 348-9918 349-8010 348-3947 348-1620 349-7845 348-1373 349-2231 348-8850 348-2132 348-0233 �Pg. 3 - Community Business (Section) Type Business Name Of Business · ·- ·a NATIONAL UNIFORM SHOPS NATURALIZER SHOES NATURE NOOK NAWROT PENDLETON SHOP NEWTON FURNITURE NINE-WEST NOAH'S ARK NORMAN COSMETICS, MERLE OAK TREE OLGA'S KITCHEN ORVA HOSIERY OUTRIGGER PAPPAGALLO, SHOP FOR PARKLANE HOSIERY COMPANY PAUL HARRIS STORES, INC. PENNEY COMPANY, J.C. PEWTER PLUB PRECISION WATFCH & RINGSMITH PROFESSIONAL DENTAL CENTERS QUICK PHOTO LAB RADIO SHACK #6374 RAIMI'S CURTAINS CONTRACT RECORDLAND RED CROSS SHOES REDWOOD & ROSS FOR WOMEN RICHMAN BROTHERS COMPANY, THE RIGGINS, J. ROBINSON JEWELERS, J.B. ROYAL WINDSOR LTD. SACS, DONNA SALTBOX INC. , THE SCANDINAVIAN DESIGN, INC. SEARS GATE CITY OPITCAL SEARS KEY CONCESSION SEARS TOBACCO CORPORATION SEARS, ROEBUCK & COMPANY SHOWCASE OF FINE FABRICS SIBLEY'S SHOES SILVERMAN'S SIZE 5-7-9 SHOPS STRIDE RITE BOOTERY SUNNYDAZE HALLMARK SUSIE'S CASUALS TALBOTS TANGLEWOODS TANNER, FLOURANCE THIMBLES SPECIALTY STORES THINGS REMEMBERED THIS END UP TIFFANY BAKERIES TODAY STORES community community community corrmunity corrmunity community community corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity community corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity community corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity community community community corrmunity corrmunity community community corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity community community corrmunity community corrmunity corrmunity community corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity corrmunity community community community community corrmunity corrmunity community community business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business Address 27470 27316 27500 27684 27772 27740 27500 27446 27448 24768 27274 27700 27514 27190 27474 27150 27342 27528 27546 27534 27284 27380 27246 27440 27348 27278 27412 27548 27258 27268 27500 27500 27600 27600 27600 27600 27230 27230 27214 27250 27338 27460 27276 27420 27550 27506 27266 27324 27504 27354 27432 Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Novi Section Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road Road 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Telephone 348-1550 348-2222 348-5990 349-2368 349-4600 348-6646 349-4040 349-2930 348-1733 349-5520 349-0035 348-7370 348-1110 348-3020 348-2270 348-3190 348-7587 349-0780 348-2323 348-4448 348-9680 349-6511 348-1101 349-0966 349-9493 349-2711 349-6455 349-6671 348-7996 349-0822 349-2688 348-3440 348-9200 348-9200 348-9200 348-9200 348-6460 348-9670 349-1960 349-9572 349-5067 349-6080 349-6006 348-7015 348-7060 349-1950 349-5677 348-9624 349-8290 348-9450 �Pg. 4 - Community Business (Section} Business Name TONY'S SHOE REPAIR TUCKERMAN OPTICAL COMPANY TUERKES-BECKERS, INC. UNITED SHIRT DISTRIBUTORS VAN HORN, INC. W. JEWELERS, CHARLES WALDENBOOKS WEBSTER MEN'S WEAR WICKS 'N' STICKS WILD PAIR WILSONS HOUSE OF SUEDE WINKELMAN'S WITTER REYNOLDS, DEAN WOMAN'S WORLD SHOPS WRIGHT KAY JEWELERS YANKEE PEDDLER YOUTH CENTER STORES ART VAN FURNITURE BOOKS CONNECTION, THE CARDS ETCETERA FASHION BUG OF NOVI GELL'S SPORTING GOODS K-MART APPAREL FASHIONS KMART CORPORATION KOSCH'S SANDWICH COMPANY KROGER MOVIELAND OLD BALL PARK, INC. PAYLESS SHOE SOURCE PERRY DRUG STORES, INC. RINEMAN, INC., R.L. SERVICE MERCHANDISE THE OLD MAID SERVICE -1'0TAL ASEROBICS TOY'S R US, INC. UNITED PAINT & DECORATING YOUR HAIR & US FRETTER APPLICANCE MFE OF NOVI LORNAN Type Of Business community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community community cormtunity community community cormtunity community community community cormtunity community community community community community community community business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business Address 27500 27738 27434 27366 27416 27512 27436 27248 27406 27518 27218 27396 27600 27486 27666 27450 27480 27775 43721 43717 43705 43741 43825 43825 43729 43525 26109 26117 43713 43685 44480 43635 26040 26123 43460 43733 43725 27785 24693 41087 Section Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive Novi Road Novi Road West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive Grand River, P.O. 793 West Oaks Drive Lenny's Road Novi Road West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive West Oaks Drive Novi Road Applecrest Drive McMalion 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 18 23 25 Telephone 348-3300 348-1460 349-3560 348-2980 349-2901 349-3881 349-8999 349-3540 348-1143 349-4444 349-9113 348-5151 348-9477 348-0080 349-8090 349-8766 348-8922 348-2665 348-2430 348-1430 348-3540 348-3660 348-3660 348-8232 348-2320 349-3080 624-0030 349-6868 348-2290 349-3933 348-0972 349-5471 349-6023 349-2921 348-3544 348-4444 349-8424 478-7962 �JUNE 1987 - General Business (Section) Business Name Type of Business Address Section Telephone ================------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • • FRIGATE'S INN SERVICE MASTER OF WATERFORD SNIDER REPAIR SERVICE SUBURBAN MANUFACTURED HOME SALES NOVI OAKS GOLF & SPORTS CENTER A-1 AUTO PARTS & SERVICE LAKEVIEW MARKET NOVI TREE GARDEN HELEN'S HIDEAWAY LOUNGE NOVI VENDING & COIN LAUWERS NEEDLEPOINT, JEAN DAY & NIGHT HEATING & COLLING DENNY'S GERICH BROTHERS LANDSCAPING KIM'S GARDENS MCOONALD'S HAMBURGERS NOVI STANDARD SERVICE RED LOBSTER RESTAURANT SHERMAN SHOES INC. SOFT SHINE AUTO WASH A & A NOVI TV REPAIR A & W ROOT BEER AMERICAN TEMPERATURE SERVICE, INC. AQUA DUCT CAR WASH BATES HAMBURGERS BURGER KING COUNTRY BUILDING SUPPLY INC. GARDINER, INC. HARDEE'S KNIGHTS AUTO SUPPLY INC. NOVI AUTO SALES NOVI BIG BOY NOVI MUFFLER NOVI RUSTIC SALES PIZZA HUT PIZZA PLACE OF NOVI, THE PRESTIGE GEMS SHERATON OAKS SUBURBAN RENT-IT COMPANY THOMPSON GLASS COMPANY WONDERLAND APPLIANCE PARTS/SERV ADRIAN SOD F/W LEASING COMPANY FAIR LANE MOTEL FOOTE GRAVELY TRACTOR MPK CONSTRUCTION ROSEWOOD RESTAURANT WARDS SUPER SERVICE WILKINS PARTS & EQUIPMENT general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business 1103 1317 29705 29522 46844 21 2206 46000 43393 215 40500 27629 27750 41800 26150 42665 43382 27760 27410 26100 43043 27466 43250 42800 43410 27200 43755 45283 26245 43500 26179 26401 43421 44911 43455 27194 44855 27000 44475 43726 44055 27400 46103 45700 46401 46700 46077 47277 45900 East Lake Drive East Lake Drive Charlemagne LeGrand West Twelve Mile Road DeGross Novi Road Twelve 1/2 Mile Road West Thirteen Mile Road Wainwright Twelve Mile Road Haggerty Road Novi Road West Eleven Mile Road Novi Road Twelve Mile Road Grand River Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Grand River Novi Road Grand River Grand River Grand River Novi Road Grand River Grand River Novi Road Grand River Novi Road Novi Road Twelve Mile Road Grand River West Oaks Drive Novi Road Grand River Sheraton Drive Grand River Grand River Grand River Beck Road Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River 02 02 02 02 09 10 10 10 11 11 12 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 624-9607 624-2308 624-6811 624-7770 348-0258 624-9622 624-7684 669-3755 624-8475 624-3742 348-6870 474-2226 348-3370 348-4195 348-0700 348-0255 349-9155 349-8470 349-7676 348-2790 349-0140 349-1414 348-5133 349-2195 349-9074 349-3344 349-7310 348-3393 349-4460 348-1250 349-7955 349-4248 348-3140 349-0043 349-3848 349-3222 348-5000 348-1530 349-9393 422-8472 349-8950 348-7666 349-6410 348-3444 349-7257 349-1337 349-9771 349-3141 �Pg. 2 - General Business (Section) Type Business Name Of Business SIGN WRITER TOUCH OF CLAY CERAMICS V.I.P. TIRE & AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY WESTSIDE FORESTRY SERVICES DINSER'S GREENHOUSES JARSHAY KENNELS riARLING MANUFACTURED HOMES FARM, THE JOY AUTO PAINT SUPPLIES LAVOTE REMODELING MOBIL OIL CORPORATION NOVI RADIO EXCHANGE REDI LIGHTING COMPANY SENTRY SUPPLY AKRON TIRE COMPANY, INC. ANDY'S COUNTRY BOY MARKET COUNTRY EPICURE COURGAR CUTTING PRODUCTS DAN'S AUTO REPAIR INC. FELDMAN CHEVROLET INC. , MARTY JONNA'S FINE WINE KMH EQUIPMENT COMPANY MAES CERAMICS, D. MARCUS GLASS COMPANY MESSINA'S PIZZERIA MICHIGAN MOBILE GLASS MICHIGAN SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTORS MIDWEST TURF & SUPPLY MOVIE MAGIC MURRAYS SERVICE CENTER NOVI AUTO PARTS NOVI INN NOVI PARTY STORE OFFICE RENTAL RADIO SERVICES, INC. RIVIERA IMPORTS SPEEDWAY STATE WIDE DRIVER TRAINING SUNSHINE, AL TIMBERLAND LUMBER COMPANY TWELVE OAKS TIRE COMPANY U.S. BERKEL SALES & SERVICE WAGGONER PRINTING COMPANY WOOD PLUMBING & HEATING, DAN CALICO AUTO SALES, INC. CONE ZONE HALLMARK PRINTING COMPANY MEADOWBROOK ART CENTER NOVI TRENCHING COMPANY PIPE SUPPLY COMPANY PRIMO'S PIZZA general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business Address 48295 47375 48705 48600 24501 49700 25855 24555 25901 24542 43407 40001 43443 43539 43111 42409 42050 25100 43151 42355 43035 25460 43141 25914 43381 41695 43345 41787 24801 41843 43131 43317 43025 43489 43341 42970 24200 24573 42495 42780 42990 42350 43039 41711 40705 41390 40001 41200 25250 25284 24330 Nine Mile Road Grand River Grand River Eleven Mile Road Wixom Road Ten Mile Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Glenda Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Novi Road Grand River Grand River Grand River Novi Road Grand River Novi Road, P.O. 286 Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Apple Crest Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Novi Road Queens Pointe Park Ridge West Ten Mile Road Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River West Ten Mile Road Grand River Ten Mile Road Seeley Road Seeley road Meadowbrook Section 17 17 17 17 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 Telephone 349-2120 348-6585 348-5858 349-4686 349-1320 349-2023 349-1047 349-7038 349-7710 349-2241 348-0744 471-1470 349-9122 348-2000 348-2386 349-7770 348-8864 348-1280 348-7000 349-5227 349-0700 348-8510 349-7540 348-3474 476-1633 348-4477 348-4228 248-4330 348-4420 349-2800 349-1430 349-7737 349-6190 349-3890 349-8877 348-0660 349-2272 348-9090 349-2300 348-9699 348-7850 349-8040 348-4242 464-4398 349-8592 474-9362 477-6620 474-1200 471-0410 478-5500 �Pg. 3 - General Business (Section) • • • Business Name RED TIMBERS INN ALPERT -ARTWORK, PAULA GAIL BASIC BITS & BYTES CAMP -R- RENTALS THRECO RESOURCE COMPANY UNITED STATES COFFEE CORPORATION WATER LILY STUDIO ERWIN FARMS GOLDEN TEE MAGIC HAT CHIMNEY SWEEP PRESIDENT TUXEDO RENTAL STAR WINDOW CLEANING WARD & ASSOCIATES STANKEVICH GRADING & COMPANY TOTAL PETROLEUM, INC. DIANE-S FAMILY DINING GUERNSEY FARMS DAIRY NOVI AUTO WASH NOVI BOWL NOVI MOTIVE INC. DALLAS CUSTOM UPHOLSTERING EIGHT & HAGGERTY BIG BOY CORP. JAYA ARTS & CRAFTS EMPORIUM MCDONALD'S HAMBURGERS NOVI HILTON SERTRON Type Of Business general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general general business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business business Address Section Telephone 40380 Grand River 24 478-7154 41050 22667 41152 41142 22567 41050 24150 24150 24036 22732 41551 23627 24101 24141 21420 21300 21510 21700 21530 41380 20800 22073 21050 21111 22110 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 474-8715 349-0522 478-0498 348-8645 348-4344 474-8715 349-2034 348-6222 348-7857 348-0220 349-0224 478-1819 348-8894 348-1166 348-3344 349-1466 349-4420 348-9120 349-0290 349-8811 348-2391 348-0760 349-0060 349-4000 348-1024 McMahon Circle Chestnut Tree Hollydale Village Lake Heatherwood McMahon Circle Novi Road Novi Road, Ste. B Chipmunk Trail Novi Road Woodland Creek Stonehenge Novi, Ste. 204 P293 Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road Novi Road West Eight Mile Road Haggerty Road Clover Lane Haggerty Road Haggerty Road Edgewater �D~C. 1986 - Office (Section) • Business Name Type of Business MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK WEST OAK offico office office oftice office office office office office office office office office office office oftice office office office office office l3EC0Rlt't BANK OF NOVI REAL'r'! CENTER INC. ADVANCED DENTAL CONCEPTS ctffl:RICA BANK METRO WEST MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK WEST OAK JENNINGS-FLORA ASSOCIATES K & R CONSTROCTION INC. MCNIEL SERVICES MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK WEST OAK NOVI REAL ESTATE PELLE PELLE, INC. STANDARD FEDERAL BANK TRACI CONS'l'ROC'l'ION COMPANY BEACH ENGINEERING, INC. BURGESS, INC., GARRE'l"l' CHAPIN-BROAD & OPTON INC. CTI & ASSOCIATES ·• NOVI CCJt!PO'l'ER SERVICES, INC. ST. CLAIRE ADVERTSING, INC. WRE INVES'l'MEN'l' COMPANY SECtllUff BANK OF NOVI KONCZAL, ARONOLD s., O.D.S. S'l'AMAN INSORANC!, FRAZER W. AVERILL TAX SERVICE BENNETT'S TRAVEL AGENCY CEN'l"ORY 21 CORE/TIME, INC. CRAIN CHIROPRACTIC CLINIC FAI'l'H SECRE'1'ARIAL SERVICE FAMILYHOEU<S COONSELING FIRST FEDERAL OF MICHIGAN HEADLINER REAL ES'l'ATZ NATIONAL BANK OF DE'l'ROI'l' NOVI ACCOUNTING & TAX SERVICE NOVI APPRAISAL SERVICE NOVI VETERINARY CLINIC R.H,A. INC. RDT'l'LE PLASTIC SALES, J, STILES, DR. ROBERT J. BORIH, GARRY I. CHAMBERS, NANCY J. , CPA FARM BUREAU INSORAHCE __ -. GABRIEL INSDRANCE, MICHAEL T. GLYNN TRAVEL MILES GENERAL INSURANCE, CHET NOVI SECRE'l'ARIAL SERVI~ RYMAL SYMES COMPANY STATE FARM INSURANCE office office office office . _office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office Address Section Telephone 45075 Pontiac Trail 03 30880 Beck Road 04 2450 Novi Road 42422 West 'l'Welve Mil• Road 10 11 14 14 27768 Novi Road 27800 45l25 43450 43601 27505 26950 44317 43600 45285 46087 46901 46410 Hovi Road Grand River Grand River Grand River Hovi Road 'l'att Road Grancl River 0elcs Drive w..t Grand River Grand River Grand River PO 966 Grand River 46408 Grand River 46750 Eleven Mila Road 46103 Grand River 46103 Grand River 45500 Tan Mila Road 43489 Grand River 25939 Novi Road 25974 Novi Road 43379 8rancl River 43160 Grand River PO 229 43135 Grand River 43089 Grand River 42464 Park Rid;. 25972 Novi Road, Ste. 205 41400 West Ten Mlle Road .25974 Hovi Road 43100 Grand River 43039 Grand River 43039 Grand River 43377 Grand River 43035 Gnmc:l River 42388 Parle Ridge 43269 Grand River 24520 Meadowbrook 41390 Ten Mile Road 40799 Grand River 24300 Meadwobrook, P.O. 634 24340 Meadowbrook 41390 West Ten Mile Road 41390 Ten Mile Road 41160 Ten Hile Road 43341 Grand River 669-1900 669-3220 624-8500 340-8008 348-7940 348-3322 is 349-abo 15 348-8274 349-l.551 348•3097 348-2525 348•8818 15 lS lS lS 15 15 · 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 21 22 22 23 23 23 3"8-8300 348-8600 340-1144 348-0300 348-5420 349-3744 348-7075 348-7666 348-2585 348-7445 349-2060 349-2188 340-3348 348-334 348-1300 2;3 624-9416 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 348-8778 348-8568 348-4133 348-9110 348-7880 349-2424 348-1760 348-9423 349-5900 349-5299 349-0150 349-5170 478-8260 477-7117 24 4n•B383 24 24 478-1.31.! 478-JH0 24 471-125:? ~~ 24 348-1150 �-· ·- -·- - --.40 ~ u . . . , ~.«---- -="'-· · ··· • ~g. 2 - Office (Section) • • • Business Name BLOOM, DAVID A., D.D.S. BLOM & SACK, PC CONSOR'l'IOM FOR HOMAN DEVELOPHEN'l' COWLES, DENNIS M., D.O.S., P.C. DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATES 19J]FMAN, JACK A., O.P.M. OAKLAND PHYSICAL THERAPY & REHAB RADIO TV REPORTS, INC. SECURITY BANK OF NOVI SECURITY BANK OF NOVI SiWI &ASSOCIATES, JAGDISH WAYNE, DONALD M., D.D.S., M.S. FINANCIAL DESIGNS, INC. BILLINGS & ASSOCIATES COOPER SHIFMAN & GABE DeLAMIELLEORE, RICHARD J., A'l'ff DeLAMIELLEtmE, RONALD, AT'J!'t GIFFORD, VANOPHEM, SHERIDAN, PC MAMOLA & ASSOC. ARCHI'l'ECTS, LEE MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK WES'l' OAK NOR'l'HHES'l' OB-GYN ASSOCIA'l'ES NOVI FAMILY DENTAL BUFFA REAL ES'l'A'l'E COMPANY SECURifi BANK OF NOVI DIGITAL EQUIPMEN'l' CORPORATION HEWLE'l'T-PACKARD COMPANY LINN, JAMES E. NA'l'IONAL BANK OF DE'l'ROI'l' NI INDUSTRIES, me. SALISBURY & CIAMPA Type Of Business office office office office office office office office office office office office of'!ice office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office office Address 39595 West 'l'en Mile Road 39595 Ten Mile Road 39575 Hut 'l'en Mile Road 39595 Ten Mlle Road 39595 Ten Mlle Road 39595 Hut 'l'an Mile Road 39595 West Ten Mlle Road 24304 Meadowbrook Road 24050 Meadowbrook Road 41325 'l'an Mile Road 23174 Wut LeBoat 39595 Ten Mile Road 42400 1:Uiie Mlle Road 24101 Novi Road 24101 Novi Road PO 352 24101 Novi Road, Ste. 202 24101 Novi Road, Ste. 202 24101 Novi Road, Ste. 204 24101 Novi Road, P.O. 485 24101 Novi Road 24101 Novi Road 24101 Novi Road 47201 Heat Nine Mile Road Sect1 on Telephone 25 25 25 25 25 2S 25 25 25 25 25 25 z r, r, r, %7 XI %7 ,:r %7 -n 28 . 476-0000 476-0035 478-2446 477-7230 477-0400 476-1500 478-6140 478-4146 478-4000 478-4000 476-4331 471-1581 m-mz:i 349-6040 349-80SO 349-2977 349-2977 348-1500 349-3960 349-7200 348-2400 J.MS-3100 349-4344 i?&=imlll 4339S Nine Mlle Road 21333 ffawerty Road !! 36 348-8900 39950 21333 39820 39600 21333 Orchard Hill Place 36 Haggerty Road Wut Eight Mlle Road Orchard Hill Place Haggerty, Ste. 300 36 36 349-9200 348-6820 349-7300 349-6900 348-6820 36 36 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Novi_Master-Plan_1988 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-01-06 Title A name given to the resource Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Master Plan for the City of Novi, Michigan was prepared by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. in association with Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. and was adopted on January 6, 1988. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Novi (Mich.) Oakland County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b8b21efd2774c2ed2aea97b704aaaa18.pdf 57d76787a78f1fce6c66698db93eb906 PDF Text Text COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN -'J'IYP. �C , ; LIST OF TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS 'l BOARD OF TRUSTEES Supervisor Clerk Treasurer Trustees Mel Paunovich Carla T. Chapman Margaret Wenzel Nancy Rosso Patrick Gladney James Kovitz Gus Mitsopoulos -, I i l .1 I PLANNING COMMISSION Chairman Vice Chairman Secretary Member and Township Board Liaison Member and Zoning Board of Appeals Liaison Member Member Cover: Property Map circa 1915 Erik Smith William Thompson Wayne Murphy Mel Paunovich Dawayne Nelson Paul McElligatt Nannette P. Stoller �TO\NNSHIP OF BRIGHTON 4363 BUNO ROAD• BRIGHTON, MICHIGAN 48116-9298 January 3, 1992 SUPERVISOR MELVIN L. PAUNOVICH 229-0559 TRUSTEE Mark A. Wyckoff Workshop Coordinator Michigan Society of Planning Officials P. o. Box 18187 Lansing, Michigan 48901 PATRICK 0. GLADNEY TRUSTEE Dear Mark: JAMES S. KOVITZ TRUSTEE C . GUS M ITSOPOULOS As requested in your letter of December 17, 1991, enclosed is a copy of our recently adopted Comprehensive Development Plan. Sincerely, ~~ () J/\ ,,_ .\ Carla T. Chap":a.~tl----Clerk Enclosure "Heart of Michigan's Water Wonderland" �• J .... COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN UPDATE I • ,..., ' . ,--~ BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP .I LMNGSTON COUN1Y MICIIlGAN June 1991 l i Public Hearing held by Planning Commission ......................................... . Adoption by Planning Commission ............................................................ . ,; Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., Planning Consultant May 28, 1991 June 25, 1991 �TABLE OF CONTENTS Subject Title Page .................................................... . .J Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv List of Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vu List of Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vu IN'fRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vlll EXISTING LAND USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Land Use Classification ..................................... . 4 Land Use Survey Analysis .................................... . 7 Potential Land Use Problems and Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ENVIRONMENTAL LlMITATIONS TO DEVELOPMENT................ _ 13 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Natural Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Man-Made Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP COMMUNITY SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Summary................................................. 19 Survey Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Profile of Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Opinions and Perspectives on Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STIJDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Regional Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Socio-Economic Characteristics of Brighton Township Residents. . . . . . . . . 33 Livingston County Population Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Population and Housing Trends in Brighton Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Future Commercial Land Use Potential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Future Industrial Land Use Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 GOAI..S AND OBJECTIVES....................................... 60 LAND USE PLAN............................................... 67 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 (continued) 11 �TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) Urban :Land Demand........................................ 67 Planning Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 :Land Use Proposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 'fR.AFFICWAY PIAN....... . .................................. . . 86 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Existing Transportation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Trafficway Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Rail and Air Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Traf:ficway Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Planning Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 COMMUNITY FACILITIES PIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Facility Service Area ............................ _. . . . . . . . . . . . 104 School Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Library Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Governmental Administrative Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Police Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Recreation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 PIAN EXECUTION AND REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 133 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Plan Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Codes and Ordinances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Public Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Public Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 APPEND IX A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brighton Township Community Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 138 Summary Tabulations iii �LIST OF TABLES l ., Number l~ r • ~ .Iilk 1 Existing Land Use, 1989 Brighton Township 3 2 Land Use Comparison, 1979 and 1989 Brighton Township 3 3 Existing Land Use Comparison, 1989 5 4 Average Annual Civilian Labor Force and Unemployment Rate, Livingston County and Localities, 1985-1990 30 5 Trends in Private Sector Employment and Civilian Labor Force, Livingston County, Michigan, Selected Years 1977-1987 31 6 1980 Commuter Destinations Among Persons Reporting their Place of Work, Livingston County and Localities 32 7 Coefficient of Specialization, Employed Residents of Brighton Township, 1980 35 8 1985 Per Capita Income Level and 1980 Median Family Income Level, Local Municipalities in Livingston County 36 9 1989 and 1990 Housing Sale Price 38 10 Historical Population Profile, Local Units of Government in Livingston County, 1840-1980 39 11 State Equalized Value (SEV) for Real and Personal Property 42 12 Real Property State Equalized Valuations, 1990, Selected Livingston County and Oakland County Localities 43 13 Real Property State Equalized Valuations, 1990, Brighton Township 40 i i ' I ., I • J ..__ (continued) iv �LIST OF TABLES (cont.) ~ Number ~ 14 Population Trends, Brighton Township, 1970-1990 45 15 Births and Deaths Attributable to Residents of Brighton Township, City of Brighton and Livingston County, 1980-1989 46 16 Dwelling Unit and Permits for New Structures by Community: 1990 47 17 Residential Building Permit Trends, Brighton Township, 1978-1990 49 18 Comparison of Various Population Projections for Brighton Township, 1990-2010 51 19 Population Forecast by Community 52 20 Population and Occupied Housing Unit Projections, Brighton Township, 1990-2010 54 21 Population Projections by Age Category, Brighton Township, 1980-2010 55 22 Urban Land Projection Brighton Township, 2010 68 23 Urban Land Absorption by Five Year Increments, Brighton Township, 1989-2010 69 24 Comprehensive Development Plan - 2010, Brighton Township, 73 25 Township Road Inventory Brighton Township, Livingston County 1990 90 26 Intersectional Accident Incidence Brighton Township, 1989 92 (continued) V �-LIST OF TABLES (cont.) ,...., ;~ • Number Tok 27 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Counts ..>' I 28 Existing Public School Facilities Available to Brighton Township Residents 109 29 Recommended School Standards, Brighton Township 110 30 Types and Characteristics of Libraries 115 31 Relationship Between Book Volume and Population Size for Library Service 115 32 Minimum Standard Library Space Requirements 116 33 General Police Facility Location Standards 119 34 Fire Fighting Equipment, Brighton Township 123 35 Fire Company Distribution Standards 36 Boat Launching Ramps, Vicinity of Brighton Township 127 37 Desirable Recreation Standards 131 • ..J '.,_ i I ~ J 93 Brighton Township, 1978-1989 ~ ..,, Pa~e .123 '. vi �LIST OF MAPS Follows Pa~e Number 1 Existing Land Use 2 Environmental Limitations To Urban Development 3 Brighton Township Area School District Map 107 4 Regional Recreation Facilities 129 5 Comprehensive Development Plan 137 1 13 LIST OF CHARTS Number 1 Recommended Road Cross Section Standards, Brighton Township, Michigan 97 vu �INTRODUCTION r. :I •' The Comprehensive Development Plan for the Township of Brighton, Livingston County represents two years of research, analysis and planning by the Township Planning Commission and the Planning Consultant, accompanied by excellent cooperation of the I~ I ' ' . ,_ Livingston County Planning Department. This period has been spent on a detailed examination of the physical, social, and economic aspects of the Township and environs. The trends, as determined from studying these various components of the community, have been projected into the future. As a result of these basic studies, specific recommendations and plans for land use, thoroughfares, and community facilities are proposed for the Township for Year 2010. Each of these elements is then further interrelated in the form of a Comprehensive Development Plan. The Plan will serve as a reasonable guide to the future development, both public and private, of the Brighton Township. The implementation of the Comprehensive Development Plan assumes as important a position as the Plan itself and becomes an integral part of this report. I .'J Brighton Township is a growing residential community with an emerging industrial/ commercial base. On rolling land it is blessed with many lakes, environmentally sensitive lands~ major recreational facilities within or nearby the Township, and accessibility, via 1-96 and U.S. 23 Freeway which intersect in Township, to nearby places of employment and shopping. Considerable land remains for new development guided by Township Ordinances and policies intended to reserve land for a variety of uses and housing densities while preserving wetland and woodlands wherever possible. vm �EXISTING LAND USE An analysis of existing land use data enables the determination of current concentrations of land use, character of developed areas and expected growth trends. From this, public service demands, expected traffic flow and other relevant considerations can be anticipated. The location of urban development impacts the viability of natural areas. It is r' L important to determine various natural limitations which might affect the location of urban development. The Township's numerous natural resources, including rolling topography, numerous woodlands and wetlands, over 20 bodies of water, as well as over 400 acres of public recreation and conservation space, is a great asset to the community. r • Using the 1979 Existing Land Use Survey for the Township 1 as a working base and l - Township records to locate new subdivision and roadways, a driving field survey was conducted in October 1989 for the purpose of gathering existing land use data. Field survey allows every individual home site to be located, as well as identifying vacant lots between home sites. The results of the updated survey are presented on Map 1, Existing land Use, as well as Table 1. Comparison of the 1979 Land Use Survey with the 1989 Land Use Survey is shown in Table 2. Comparison of land usage in the Township of Brighton with surrounding communities was done using the results of the Livingston County Land Cover Data. 2 The land use classifications for this system are similar to those used for the 1989 Land Use Survey for the Township of Brighton, but some classifications do vary. This information was compiled from 1979 and 1985 aerial photography. l As aerial interpretation allows for • identification of existing land use parcels or 2.5 to 5 acres of land area, it has certain limitations. Land having less intensive use located in the midst of more intensive use such as residential, commercial and industrial, are generally included within the more intensive use. Therefore, the acreage of intensive use may be higher using aerial interpretation than by an actual field survey. In communities where intensive uses are not back to back such 1 Comprehensive Development Plan, Brighton Township, Parkins, Rogers & Associates, Inc. 1979, Map 1979. 2Livingston County Land Cover, MIRIS: Michigan Resource Information System, Land and Water Management Division, Department of Natural Resources, April, 1989. 1 �as in the Township of Brighton this seems to be the case. The results of this comparison are illustrated in Table 3. Land Use Classifications Classification of land uses is necessary to insure a common understanding of material presented. Land uses can generally be grouped into major categories including residential, commercial, industrial, public and other. The following is a more detailed description of the various land uses classifications used in the survey of the Township of Brighton. Single-Family Residential - These are areas in which single-family dwelling units are located. Generally the unit density for this classification is an average gross density of no more than six dwelling units per acre. Lawns, driveways and associated structures such as garages are included in this category. Undeveloped lands surrounding the home sites are not included. Duplexes are also included in this category. Multi-Family Residential - Multiple family residential use includes locations where there are three or more dwellings per residential structure or lot. This includes apartment houses, cooperative housing and townhouses. Mobile Home Park - Groupings of three or more mobile homes and related service structures and recreational spaces belong in this category. Convenience Commercial - These areas are composed of relatively compact groups of stores, usually located on major streets and surrounded by noncommercial uses. Specialty and party stores are typical examples of this land use. Comparison Commercial - This is usually a structure or closely developed group of structures that contain a large amount of floor space and a variety of commercial and service establishments. Shopping centers and malls are typical examples of this land use. General Commercial - Commercial uses not within a central business district that are neither convenience or comparison commercial fall under this classification. 4 ..., �CITY I~.., L. EXISTING LAND USE INDUSTRIAL RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY ( 113) LIGHT (135,136) MULTIPLE FAMILY. (111,112) HEAVY (131-134 inc.) MOBILE HOME PARK (115) PROVING GROUND (1449) EXTRACTIVE (1711,1712) COMMERCIAL Al RPO RT ( 1412) CONVENIENCE (124) OPEN AND OTHER (190) COMPARISON (122) GENERAL ( 123) WATER BODIES (522-526inc.,512) OFFICE ( 1212) {L?c;c·~c-~<-~."- E'1m~ PUBLIC (19,146, 1213-1214 inc.,1216-1218 inc.) SEMI-PUBLIC (1213-1215inc.,193) UPDATED: Fleld Survey, November 1989 Tovtnshlp Records, 1989 SOURCE: SEMCOG Aerial Photographs, 1975 1 Field Survey, November 1979; Townsh ip Records, 1979. NOTE : Numbers in Parentheses refer to Michigan Land Use /Cover Classification System, DNR, 1976 . ~ Brandon Rogers & Associates/ PC Planning Consultant 0 SCALE 800 l600 NOVEMBER 1989 TO\NNSHIP OF BRIGHTON 2400 3200 FEET LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN 1 �TABLE 3 EXISTING LAND ~E <XHIARISOO, 1989 LIVINGS'IUf OOMJ'Y, HIClUGAN Brighton Tovnshlp Acres Percent Land Use City of Brighton Area Percent Genoa Tololl\Shlp Acres Percent Green oak Township Area Percent Hartland Township Acres Percent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------·-------------------------------· 2,040 8.6 2,661 11.2 20,7 576 4,530 2,885 12.4 Be§ ldeatlal Single-Fa1ally Hultlple-Fanilly Nobile Ho111e Park Connerclal Central Business Shopping Center Strip Co111111ercial Instltutlonal 4,502 17 341 20.6 0.08 0.05 1.5 3 190 148 0,01 0.8 0.6 465 108 3 286 48 29 106 10] 2045 9.3 97 658 3.0 340 Pub}lc &u1ellblv/ Outdo2r Begeatloo ee~terles Water 11 25.2 20,3 4.7 0.1 12.5 2.1 1.3 4.6 4.5 2,630 8 247 238 11.3 0.03 1.1 1.0 2,572 10.8 62 0.3 0.1 24 251 1.1 2,008 32 8.4 0.1 206 0.9 20 78 108 0.1 0.3 0.5 158 80 0.7 0,3 62 189 0.J 0.8 4.2 211 0.9 226 1.0 11 J.J 404 l. 7 290 1.2 245 1.0 1.6 41 1.8 37 0.2 952 4.0 17 0.07 158 0.7 38 1.1 803 3.4 259 1.1 342 1.4 986 4,5 107 4.7 1,468 6.3 1,532 6.5 908 3.8 ~D and other 12.162 58 1 5 1.221 53,5 17,276 17,292 72.J 20,092 84.2 'IUl'AL 21,820 Industrial • Tran§portatioa ~D flt Excavation • 2,284 23,322 74 23,714 23,850 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Source: Llvlngston County Land Cover Data, HIRIS: Hlchigan Resource Infoniatlon System. Land and Water Hilnage111ent Dlvlslon, Departllent of Natural Resources, April, 1989. I Includes roadways, rallroad ease111ents, alrport:.s, ard cOOU11unlcations. Rlghts-of-vay are not included . Road •lands areofincluded parklards which are comprised of forest, water, wetland and barren ln the Open and Other classlflcation. Areas o.. I I �Office - This use includes business, financial, professional and repair services. Governmental offices are included in the Public land use classification. ..' Li~ht Industrial - These are industries focused on design. assembly, finishing and packaging of products. Light industries are often found directly in contact with urban areas but may be found on open country sites. Heavv Industrial - These industries are those which use raw materials such as iron ore, lumber or coal. Included are steel mills, pulp or lumber mills, oil refineries, and tank farms, chemical plants and brick making plants. Stockpiles of raw materials, large power sources, and waste product disposal areas are usually visible, along with transponation facilities capable of handling heavy materials. Provin~ Ground - This category includes road and track facilities located within the General Motors Proving Ground utilized for the testing of automobiles and related transportation vehicles and equipment. Extractive - Quarries for sand, gravel, clay and rock excavation are found under this classification. Airport This category includes all facilities directly connected with air transportation. Runways, terminals, service buildings, hangers, navigational aids, fuel storage areas, parking and the airport's buffer area are included. Public ~ This includes lands and structures held for public use, such as parks, public schools and graveyards. Semi-Public - This includes cultural facilities such as churches and private clubs, private hospitals and well as utility and communication facilities. Riihts-of-Wav - Public roadways and their rights-of-way fall under this classification. For the purpose of calculation of the total rights-of-way area, an average right-of-way of 300 fee t for freeways, 120 feet for major roadways, and 66 feet for secondary roads is assumed. 6 �Open and Other - Agricultural and vacant lands fall under this classification. This would include land areas used for crop land, permanent pasture land, and land lying fallow along as well as land not used for any purpose heretofore listed. Water Bodies - This category includes all areas which are predominately or persistently water covered. Land Use Analysis Sin~le-Family Residential - Single family residential land use presently occupies approximately 2,682 acres of land which accounts for about 12.3 percent of the total land area of the Township. In comparison with the Existing Land Use Study of 1979 the single family residential use category shows an increase of over 100 percent, or about 1,363 acres. Residential use is generally located along major roads, around the lake areas, in subdivisions or on large lots. The single family homes located on large lots as well as those located in the subdivisions within the Township create an estate-like atmosphere, an example of this is the homes in the southeast of the Township off of Larkins Road and Pleasant Valley Road. The residential development surrounding many of the lakes is generally characterized by small lots sizes. An example of this is the lots surrounding School Lake. Multiple Family Residential - Such dwellings account for about 32 acres of land in the Township, accounting for less than 0.2 percent of the total land area. This land use has not increased since the 1979 Study. These dwelling units, which consist primarily of apartment units, are found along Grand River Avenue, south of Woodruff Lake and northeast of Woodland Lake. Two motels are also included within this classification. Although this housing type is not prevalent within the Township at present, it is an expanding land use within many of the surrounding communities. Particularly prevalent are increasing numbers of condominiums, both of the attached and detached type. Mobile Home Park - Approximately 44 acres, or 0.2 percent of the total land area within the Township is used for mobile home park purposes. The mobile homes are found in two parks located in the west central portion of the Township adjacent to Woodland 7 �Lake. These two developments existed before the 1979 Study and are at 100 percent occupancy. Convenience Commercial - There is approximately 10 acres of commercial land use in the Township consisting of convenience establishments. A variety of gift, specialty and party stores are found mixed in with the commercial uses. This land use has seen a slight increase since the 1979 Study from six acres. '--;' Comparison Commercial - This land use is not found to any extent within the Township. The proximity of such major commercial establishments within the City of Brighton tends to serve the Township residents. General Commercial - The majority of commercial usage in the Township is general commercial comprising about 114 acres, or 0.5 percent of the Township area. Included in this classificatio~ are several automobile dealerships and a variety of eating and drinking establishments as well as miscellaneous other uses. These uses occur along the Township's major traffic routes, mixed in with other commercial uses. Office - There are 45 acres of the Township area devoted to office use. The majority of these offices are professional quarters for doctors, dentists, contractors and other services. Most of these are small in size intermixed with other business and commercial establishments. There are a few small office buildings recently developed within the Township. Li~ht Industrial - Light industrial accounts for approximately 42 acres in the Township. Light industries are concentrated along Grand River Avenue near U.S. 23 and along Old U.S. 23. This land use has had a moderate increase since the 1979 Study. Heavy Industrial - There is approximately 26 acres of heavy industrial use in the Township. Heavy industrial uses are found in two areas, along Grand River Avenue near the I-96 Freeway and along Grand River Avenue adjacent to U.S. 23 Freeway. 8 �General Motors Provin2 Ground - Approximately 2.337 acres of the General Motors Proving Ground is located in the northwest comer of the Township, the balance being in Milford Charter Township. Berming and screening with plant materials provide an effective green buffer and privacy screen around the complex. Extractive - The Township's geological past has produced areas of sand and gravel significant enough to attract the aggregate industry. Over 350 acres are utilized for gravel extraction. This land use has seen limited expansion since the 1979 Study. Additional lands are held by the extractive companies which are not presently under permit for extraction. Lands, where properly planned and controlled, can be mined to their full economic potential and be returned to a usable condition suitable for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes. Airport - Approximately 49 acres of the Township, or 0.2 percent of total land use area, is occupied by Hynes Field, a private airport located along Hyne Road in the northwestern portion of the Township. The airport is surrounded by single family homes and subdivisions. Public - Of the 416 acres in public use, two percent of the Township's land area, approximately 340 acres, is utilized by Kensington Metro Park, operated by Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority. The remainder of the acreage is utilized by a few parks, the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan State Police Post, the Secretary of State branch, Spencer Elementary School and the Township offices. Semi-Public - This land use accounts for 59.6 acres of land in the Township. Included in this category are several churches, a church recreation area, Brighton Hospital, and a gun club. Ri~hts-of-Way - The transportation network of the Township is composed of 12 miles of freeways (U.S.~ and 1-96), 63 miles of primary roadways, 45 miles of secondary roadways and numerous private roads. This network accounts for 1,692 acres of right-ofway, or 7.7 percent of the total land area. Rights-of-way land has increased since 1979 by 163 acres, new subdivision roads accounting for this increase. 9 �Open and Other - The majority of Brighton Township, some 12.988.1 acres, or 59.5 percent of the total land area, is classified as being in Open and Other use. This amount includes undeveloped property, agricultural lands, and woodlands and reflects the relatively non-urbanized character of the Township. There is a decrease of 1,762.9 acres in this classification, or eight percent. The decrease can be accounted for by the urbanization of rural land with subdivisions, individual home sites, and commercial uses. Water Bodies - Brighton Township has many small lakes and creeks consisting in total area of approximately 928 acres, or 4.3 percent. Lake sizes vary from approximately 255 acres to less than four acres. , i - Potential Land Use Problems and Other Considerations In the process of setting forth the proposed land use policies for Brighton Township, a number of land use considerations which have potential development problems should be explained. Therefore, an analysis of land use problems which are found within the community is needed. l • Relationship to Existin2 Zonin2 The relationship of existing land use to the existing zoning detennines the number of nonconforming land uses within a community. The amount of nonconforming land uses has decreased since the 1979 Study. The majority of nonconforming land uses occur along Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23. Along both of these roads many single residences are located in ·B-1, Local Business; B-2, Community Business; B-3, General Business; and · L-1, Light Industrial Districts. In addition , commercial uses occur within the 1-2 zoning along Old U.S. 23 south of 1-96. Besides these nonconfonnities a few commercial businesses occur within residential zoning. Land Use Conflicts The identification of nonconforming land uses often points to conflicting land uses which generate a certain degree of adverse impact on the community. A conflict occurs in 10 �the northwest of the Township where gravel extraction occurs adjacent to single family areas. Not only does this impact the homes directly adjacent to the homes due to the lack of screening and buffering, but it impacts the residents along the truck transportation routes in and out of the extraction facility. Another issue is that of scattering of residential, commercial and industrial uses in a random pattern. These areas lack transition and screening, resulting in a linear or strip development with frequent curb cuts on abutting roads. "Frozen" Lands The Township contains two major "fixed" land uses. These are the General Motors Proving Ground and the Kensington Metropolitan Park which together total 2,678 acres, or over 12 percent of Brighton Township's land area. Due to this significant amount of the Township's total land cover, land use analysis must consider the economic, traffic and social impact of these lands on the rest of the Township. City Nucleus The City of Brighton serves the Township residents as a center of trade, education. utility, and community services. The City is a separate political entity and therefore is not under jurisdiction of Township planning and zoning policies. Freeways The existence of two major freeways, U.S. 23 and 1-96, with their direct access and regional transportation function, is a major consideration for the Township. The proximity of these two freeways has aided in the increase of residential development within the Township. Large scale commercial and residential development may be expected to cluster near the freeway interchanges as well as freeway-oriented business services. Interchange areas can either be an asset or a problem depending on their planning and development. There are few interchanges, however, in the Township. None exist along U.S. 23 north of 1-96. Limited interchange design is found along 1-96 at Pleasant Valley Road. 11 �Limited Access There are several dirt roads in the outskirts of the Township which have limited access and are not heavily traveled. Due to the remoteness of these roads they are not be well maintained. These roads may become impassible after bad weather. Another potential problem of these roads is that of illegal dumping. As landfills close and dumping fees increase, illegal dumping is becoming more of a problem throughout southeastern Michigan. Lot Size Trends ! - The present trend of moderate to large lot single family detached home development is expected to continue. Cluster developments, multiple housing condominiums, detached single family home site condos, and other more intense developments may occur but only at housing densities recommended in the Township's Zoning Ordinance. The affordability and availability of home mortgages is likely to spur on single family home subdivisions and site condominiums. 12 �ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS TO DEVELOPMENT Introduction It is important to identify the land most suitable for development in that it would require the least development costs and provide maximum amenities without having adverse impact on existing natural systems. Since the location of development can have an adverse impact on the viability of natural areas it is equally imponant to identify lands more suitable for recreation-conservation areas and natural "wildlife" habitats. Therefore, the following physical man-made and natural features have been analyzed and interpreted: ,_ urban development, proposed sewer districts, hydrology, topography, vegetation, soils, and agriculture potential. An updated Environmental Limitations To Urban Development Map (Map 2) was created using the 1979 Environmental Limitations Map as a base map by field survey conducted October 1989. Natural Limitations Hydrolo~ Water, from both surface and underground sources, is a very important resource. Surface waters sustain certain forms of wildlife such as fish and water fowl, as well as storing excess flood waters. This surface water may also be a source of domestic and industrial water needs. Surface water is also an asset to recreational development, as illustrated by Wildwing Lake in Kensington Metro Park. Underground water is also a major source of water through the use of wells. It is also the major source of moisture for vegetation. Surface Water - Brighton Township contains many small bodies of water within four drainage basins. From these basins three creeks channel into the Huron River Watershed 3 • According to the Livingston County Drain Commission there are no floodplains delineated for Brighton Township. However, there is a fair amount of muck soils within the Township McNamee, Poner and Seely, Re~onal Wastewater Management Plan for Livingston County. December 1975, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 3 .., 13 �which are usually associated with floodplains. These muck soils are also associated with wetlands. In addition, flood prone areas contiguous to surface waters which experience periodic flooding also need to be retained due to their flood control and water retention functions. Under~ound Water - Underground water resources in Brighton Township are found in glacial deposits and bedrock4. Most of the Township's glacial deposits are underlain by the Coldwater Shale bedrock which is not generally a good groundwater producer. Berea Sandstone underlays glacial deposits in the southwest corner of the Township. This bedrock formation tends to provide a higher quantity and quality of water. Due to the limited area of this type of deposit, the supply of water in the Township is generally limited. Water therefore, is an important natural resource for the Township. Efforts to preserve and improve its quality should be encouraged. The recent drought has illustrated the importance of water preservation and conservation efforts. The water is of a good chemical quality but as is typical in this part of the country is high in mineral content, particularly salt and iron. Wetlands Wetlands are those areas where the water table is at, near or above land surface for a major part of a typical year5 • These areas are found between terrestrial and aquatic systems. There are approximately 1,166 acres of wetlands, forested, shrub and emergent, within the Township. Leaving these wetlands in their natural state is strongly recommended due to their water retention capabilities, flood control, surface water purification and plant and animal conservation. Encroachment by development into these areas should be controlled. Wetlands five acres or greater, or contiguous to any open water course, open body of water one acre or greater, or any wetland within 500 feet of a lake or stream is subject to federal wetlands regulation (Goemaere-Anderson Wetland Protection Act, Act 203, P.A 1979). 4 F. R. Twenter, Southeastern Michi~an Water Resource Study. 1975, Department of the Interior, U.S. Army Corps. of Engineers. 5 MIR.IS, op. cit. 15 �• I I f 1, I II I ' • • ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS TO URBAN DEVELOPMENT I - SOIL LIMITATIONS - SEVERE fi'' ;;:;{X'/iJ SOIL LIMITATIONS - SENSITIVE l~I 1••···•1 I ~I ~ - - TOPOGRAPHY - STEEP ( GREATER THAN 25%) WOODLAND I~ TOPOGRAPHY - MODERATELY STEEP ( 15% - 25%) AGRICULTURAL LAND-CAPABILITY CLASS TI 11i====rr HIGHWAYS EXISTING URBAN DEVELOPMENT I --------- 1 PROPOSED SEWER SERVICE AREA (PHASE I a II) 1-·-1 1--- I - SURFACE WATER AREA RAILROAD KENSINGTON -METRO PARK GENERAL MOTORS PROVING · GROUND NOVEMBER 1989 ~ Brandon Rogers & Associates/ PC Planning Consultant 0 SCALE 800 l600 TO\NNSHIP OF BRIGHTON 2400 3200 FEET LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN 2 �Vegetation Nearly all of the original deciduous forest which once covered Livingston County has been cut. Most of the original woodlands of the Township has been cleared by cultivation and urban expansion6 • The majority of the areas shown on the Environmental Limitations Map are populated by second growth, mixed hardwoods. Oak - Hickory woodlands dominated the upland areas, while wetlands species such as red maple, elm, white cedar and willow dominate the low land areas. Vegetative areas present limitations to urban development due to development costs and potential loss of natural amenities. Wooded areas add significantly to the visual assets of the Township, a good example of this being the wooded area along McClements Road north of Clark Lake. Woodlands, provide a natural habitat for wildlife. Trees, especially large areas of woodlands provide direct benefits in cooling and heating, both within their canopies as well as by channeling winds that effect large adjacent areas. They influence water quality by transpiration, reduction of evaporation from soils, increasing humidity, filtering rainwater and groundwater those preventing runoff and soil erosion. They also provide very effective noise and wind screens as well as buffers between various land uses. Mature trees and woodlands have been shown to generally increase property values7 • Sensitive use of and minimal intrusion into these wooded areas is suggested. The value of preserving woodlands has led many communities to adopt tree and woodland protection ordinances. Soils represent significant limitations to urban development in Brighton Township. Whenever soils have good percolation or drainage, septic tanks are generally an acceptable means of treating waste water when the population density is not excessive. A greater limitation is caused when soils have poor bearing capacity. Two levels of soil limitations are shown on Map 2, Severe and Sensitive. The Severe limitations category includes those areas having mainly organic soils. These soils have limitations severe enough to make urban development questionable. They are characterized by slow permeability and high water holding capacity. They exhibit very 6 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Livingston County Soil Survey. 1981. Michigan Planning, "Woodlands / Tree Protection Ordinances," Linda C. Lemke, RI.A. ASI.A. July/August 1989, Vol. 2, No. 4, pages 8-11. 7 16 �poor bearing capacity and are highly compressive. The soils represented in the Severe classification include: Carlisle muck, Edwards muck, Linwood muck, Rifle muck and Tawas muck8• As previously mentioned, muck soils typical of the Severe classification are typical of wetlands and flood prone areas. The Sensitive limitations category are those soils with somewhat better ratings for permeability, water holding and compression. However, their sensitivity to development should be recognized. Urban development should be dependent upon a thorough investigation of the exact area. The use of septic tanks on these soils are still questionable. This classification includes such soils as Gilford sandy loam, Tawas muck, and Wasepi sandy loam9• It must be remembered that these soil interpretations are general in nature and does not eliminate the need for on-site study, testing and planning of specific sites for specific uses. Agricultural Land Soils are a prime consideration in agriculture. However, little farming is conducted in Brighton Township as land is under continuing urbanizing pressures and assessment reevaluation. Soils having good potential for agriculture are separated into Capability Class 10, Class I having the greatest potential. The best Capability Classes within the Towns hip are Class II and III. Topoiu:aphy The topography of the Township is generally rolling to hilly with a few steep areas 11 • This attractive topography has attracted excavation to the Township due to substantial sand and gravel deposits. Areas of gradient of 15 percent or greater occur throughout the Township. These steep areas present possibilities for sensitive development, however, this type of development results in substantially greater costs. 8 U.S. Department of Agriculture, op. cit. 9 U.S. Department of Agriculture, op. cit. 10 U.S. Department of Agriculture, op. cit. 11 U.S. Geological Survey Map, 1975. 17 �Steep and moderately steep topography are noted on the Environmental Limitations Map. The moderately steep areas gradients range from 15 to 25 percent while the gradient of the steep category is greater than 25 percent. Development should be avoided in the steep areas. Moderately steep areas require cautions development. Man-Made Factors Urban Development Urban development has taken place along the lakeshores, creek borders, major '--,, roads, and in large lot subdivisions. New development, primarily subdivisions, continues to occur in areas previously not developed. but near to major roads. The urban growth has expanded since the 1979 Study and is expected to continue in the Township. Sanitazy Sewers Currently, the Township is not serviced by any sanitary sewer. Septic tanks and tile fields are the major source of waste disposal. In 1975 a Regional Wastewater Management Plan was done for the eastern portion for Livingston County by McNamee, Porter and Seely, Engineers 12• This plan includes most of Brighton Township. The study found high density areas which exhibit existing and potential pollution problems in Brighton Township. The limiting of mfoimal lot sizes for certain residential zoning districts helps to reduce the danger of pollution. However, areas of dense development do occur within the Township around many of the lakes and along areas of Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23. These areas include: Bitten Lake, Clark Lake, Fonda Lake, Hope Lake, Lyons Lake, Moraine Lake, School Lake, Woodland Lake, and Woodruff Lake. The 1975 study proposed a two phase wastewater plan for the Township. These phases are shown on the Environmental Limitations To Urban Development Map. As of this date, there are no immediate plans to establish sanitary sewer service within the Township 13• As development continues the immediate danger of pollution and the need for sewerage treatment increases. The areas of dense development with the greatest danger of pollution are along Grand River Avenue and Woodland Lake. 12 McNamee, Porter and Seely, op. cit. 13Donald Long, McNamee, Porter and Seely, November 20, 1989. 18 �BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP COMMUNI1Y SURVEY Summazy The Brighton Township Community Survey undertaken in 1989 was designed to obtain information about Township residents' preferences for growth and development of the Township and also to elicit comments concerning present day problems and characteristics of the Township. This information would inform the public, Township officials and the Township's Planning Consultant, Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., about needs and potentials in the Township during the current period when a new \ . ,-, i Comprehensive Development Plan is being prepared for the Township. A similar survey was done in 1980. Certain comparisons with survey results between the two surveys is presented. (Refer to Appendix A for detailed tabulation data.) Toe survey results reveal residents' attitudes on why they came to or stayed in the Township, their ideas on how to improve living conditions, their thoughts on how existing problems can be solved in land and facility development by new future planning strategies and planning programs. The Community Survey was carefully designed to the characteristics of the community. Toe first part was prepared so as to provide information about the residents' demographic characteristics - where they live and shop, their age groups, and working patterns. Toe second part of the questionnaire was developed to obtain residents' opinions and perspectives on future planning direction for the Township. Even though there is considerable variation in age groups, family size and commuting pattern to work and shopping, there was considerable consistency among respondents in commenting on basic features, shortcomings and potentials of the Township that exist today and which should be considered in the future. Toe means to achieve these desires, however, was not always the same and this will be the challenge of the planning program to develop policies, plans and budgets which will be acceptable to the different interest groups. Toe survey also identified areas of mutual agreement concerning development goals and where there were differences of opinion or lack of response because of insufficient knowledge of the issues. The Community Survey is essentially an advisory product which will provide general guidelines for the Brighton Township Planning Commission, Township Board and Township 19 �Planning Consultant in preparing the long-range Comprehensive Development Plan. It has provided citizens an opportunity to toss in "their two cents" worth that many respondents appreciated by their comments in the returned questionnaires. The voluntary mail-back response of approximately 36 percent vs. 38 percent in 1980 evidences an excellent return and demonstrated interest by residents in all pans of the Township to participate in the planning process. Survey Preparation The Township Planning Consultant initially evaluated, by field inspection and review of published data, the characteristics of the Township and the various areas of population concentration, the previous Township Comprehensive Development Plan prepared in 19791980, survey results and related documents, and information from the Consultant's independent research of market trends, financial analysis, construction, and other data. Several workshop meetings were held with the Township Planning Commission and Township Board to review and discuss the scope and format of the questionnaire, and desirable questions to be asked in the Survey. As a result, a questionnaire Qf 37 questions was prepared for mailing to each household of the Township from addresses obtained from the Livingston County Equalization Department. Because of the unique characteristics of the Township, it being a developing community in a fast growth county where the predominant development is residential homes, with limited shopping and employment opportunities, effort was made to include questions to find out where people go for shopping and services and goods .and for employment. Also, because of the predominant low density residential development existing in the Township, in a day when costs of homes, home sites and energy outlays are significant, questions were developed to determine if residents wanted to continue that general type and quality of housing. Furthermore, questions were included on the desirability of encouraging certain types of non-residential development in the Township, such as commercial and light industrial parks, particularly those having limited environmental impact. With no public or mass transportation available, questions were included on vehicular traffic control, road improvements, and improved access to and from freeways and local roads. The last major concern included in the survey were questions to see if residents would be willing to pay additional property taxes for various specified public 20 �._ .,•I . improvements such as road improvements, additional fire and police protection. a recycling r-"' ' . ;_ center, and garbage and waste collection. The survey was mailed to every residential dwelling unit in November 1989, including therein a return addressed, stamped envelope. Within the allotted time, nearly 2,000 of the 5,480 questionnaires were received back, most of which indicated, by code designation. in which of 10 geographic areas the respondent lived. There was an "Other" category for outof-Township respondents who own property in Township. ,,.,.. i I Table A-1 in Appendix statistically presents responses to the questions for all Township respondents as a whole and '. by the geographic subareas. A copy of the Questionnaire itself, with answers summarized for all Township respondents, is also appended. (' 1 I. Profile of Respondents I i , The response the survey was, as noted earlier, excellent and indicated the desire of ' residents to participate in the planning process. J l. I , : ' Background information about the respondents and their families indicated that, as a whole, the population is relatively young, living predominantly in single family homes of relatively short tenure in the Township. · Most heads of household or spouses are employed, few are retired. Information Concemin~ Type of Residential Unit Information from the survey reveal that of all respondents, over 99 percent live in I I a single-family house, the balance residing in multiple dwellings or mobile homes. This ! 'J I ' dominance of single-family home occupancy is evident in each geographic subarea of the Township. About 39 percent of all respondents have moved into their present residences in the last five years and 26 percent have lived in their present dwelling for more than 10 years. In 1980 these groups represented 56 percent and 20 percent respectively, reflecting the maturing residency in the Township. These families who have moved into the Township predominantly came from Livingston, Wayne and Oakland Counties. Two percent came from out of state. If the respondents were to move, there was a very strong preference (95%) to buy another single family detached home. Of this group, 72 percent stated they would buy a home in Brighton Township. ' . '1., ,. 21 �Household Information The population is generally young with the 65.8 percent of the population under 45 years of age. There were relatively few senior citizens (6.8 percent of the respondents) of 65 years of age or older. Nearly 16 percent of the population is in the preschool and elementary school age brackets which can be expected to move into high school in the next few years. In the 1980 Survey, while there were comparable percentages in the under 45 year group, and school age groups, the percent of the respondents over 65 years in age increased from the four percent figure in that year. Of the respondent households, nearly all heads of household and many spouses were indicated as being employed, of whom 64 were self-employed. Township residents worked principally in South.field, the Brighton area, Dearborn, Detroit, Farmington Hills, Livonia, Ann Arbor, Plymouth and Wixom in that order. As might be expected some variations existed in residents' place of work because of a subarea's geographic proximity to such employment centers. In the 1980 Survey the leading work places were the Brighton area, Detroit, Southfield, Livonia and Dearborn. Concerning places of shopping for services and goods, among all respondents the City of Brighton ranked strongest in eight categories, ranking first in preference for groceries, drugs, take-out and fast-food restaurant products, auto service, banking, dry cleaning, dinner out and movies and plays' attendance. The next most patronized shopping area was in the Novi area. The 1980 ranking for the City of Detroit as second highest preference for furniture and appliance goods shopping, dinner out, movies and plays' attendance disappeared in the new Survey in favor of other communities nearer the Township. About 77 percent of the respondents indicated a satisfaction with the availability and location of these services and business establishments versus 58 percent in 1980. This trend reflects the establishment of such businesses in the general Township area which followed the housing boom in the 1970"s. Opinions and Perspectives on Planning This portion of the Community Survey was designed to find out how the residents of the Township feel about present conditions in the Township, general future planning objectives, and the means to achieve the objectives. Strong support throughout the 22 �Township was again evidenced for maintaining the rural atmosphere and good schools in the Township, with also an interest for keeping taxes low. Among the aspects of the Township which are listed in Survey as possible priority issues, Rural Atmosphere was '7 ranked of highest priority by 445 percent of all respondents (also first by respondents in each geographic subarea), Good Schools was ranked highest priority by 42.1 percent, Low Taxes was ranked highest priority by 30 percent, Large Home Sites was highest priority by 28.3 percent, and Security was ranked highest priority by 27.3 percent. Similar preferences were substantially evidenced in each geographic subarea. Over 78 percent agreed strongly or agreed somewhat that the Township should try to maintain this low density, rural r atmosphere. L I Concerning public services, 62.5 percent of all respondents felt strongly that there ~ is a need for a full-time police department in the Township, 72.6 percent felt strongly that there should be an improved volunteer fire department, and 65.8 percent felt strongly that there should be area-wide garbage collection. Over 69 percent of the respondents felt th2.t adequate public services are more important than low taxes, versus about 36 percent in the 1980 Survey. These results in 1989 generally paralleled geographic subarea results. Sixty percent of all respondents disagreed that more opportunities for apartments or to··.· ~lhouses should be provided in the Township, with only about 28 percent agreeing either somewhat or strongly that such housing type should be provided. This result contrasts with the 1980 Survey when 14 percent of the respondents felt there was a need for such housing ' - types. The strongest interest of respondents for future land development strategies was evidenced in 1,392 ( 46 percent) responses favoring reservation of land having unique or special natural value, and 1,611 responses (39.7 percent) supporting single-family residential development. · Preferred density by respondents was for moderate size lots (2.5 acres) 39.4 percent, followed closely by large parcels (over five acres) 33.5 percent, and thirdly, average size lots (one-two acres) 25.1 percent. These preferences are generally similar in all subareas, and are comparable to the 1980 Survey results when 58 percent of respondents desired moderate size lots, and 30 percent desired large parcels (over five acres). About 60 percent of the respondents felt that there should be a low density rural estate area (5- 10 acre parcel size) in some portions of Township versus 52.5 percent of respondents who felt this way in 1980. Nearly 38 percent of respondents saw a need for senior citizen housing with 23 �individual living accommodations and about 52 percent felt there was a need for housing units with support services. (i.e., semi-skilled care, congregate dining). In 1980, over 50 percent of respondents agreed there was a need for housing for moderate income families and senior citizens. Forty six percent of respondents believed housing for moderate income families and senior citizens should be privately sponsored as contrast to 68 percent of respondents who felt this way in 1980. Nearly 38 percent of respondents saw a need for senior citizen housing with individual living accommodations and about 52 percent felt there was a need for housing units with support services. (i.e., semi-skilled care, congregate dining). In 1980, over 50 percent of respondents agreed there was a need for housing for moderate income families and senior citizens. Forty-six percent of respondents believed housing for moderate income families and senior citizens should be privately sponsored as contrast to 68 percent of respondents who felt this way in 1980. About 45 percent of the respondents feel that there is a need for a balanced tax and employment base in the Township supported by commercial/office/light industrial uses. This compares to 53 percent of respondents in 1980. Approximately 51 percent of respondents agreed that the commercial buildings built or being built in Township are attractive, (46 percent so stated in 1980). Concerning roads and highways in the Township, there was a strong indication (over 80 percent) that traffic controls should be improved along Grand River Avenue, and 81 percent felt that similar improvements in traffic control should be introduced along Old U.S. 23. In 1980, 71 percent and 54 percent of respondents felt so. A very large percentage of respondents felt that local Township roads need improvement (81%), compared to 78% of respondents in 1980. Private roads were desired by 51 percent of the respondents to require approval by the Township, down from 60 percent in 1980. In reference to new freeway interchanges desired in the Township, keeping in mind that there is no local access existing directly to U.S. 23 Freeway in its six miles of route in the Township, respondents desired interchanges at Hilton Road (33.9%), Hyne Road (18.8%) and Spencer Road (14%). Just under 16 percent of all respondents felt no new interchanges are needed, down from 46 percent of respondents in 1980 survey. Concerning other road improvements, the predominant feeling was that local Township roads and County roads are just not adequately maintained and most need improvement. On a geographic subarea basis there was fairly even disagreement throughout the Township on the calibre of local road 24 �-. . maintenance and improvement. Nearly every principal road was cited for its inadequate condition. Respondents by subarea felt the principal roads that need design and/ or traffic control improvement in order of priority were: Area A: Grand River Avenue, McClements Road, Taylor Road Area B: Old U.S. 23, Taylor Road, Grand River Avenue, Parklawn Road Area C: Taylor Road, Hyne Road, Pleasant Valley Road Area D: Taylor Road, Hyne Road, Old U.S. 23 Area E: Grand River Avenue, Old U.S. 23, Spencer Road Area F: Grand River Avenue, Old U.S. 23, Buno Road Area G: Grand River Avenue, Old U.S. 23, Spencer Road, Pleasant Valley Road ,__ J Area H: Grand River Avenue, Buno Road, Larkins Road Area I: Grand River Avenue, Old U.S. 23 Area J: Grand River Avenue, Larkins Road, Culver Road, Old U.S. 23 Some concerns of specific roads and intersections were from respondents some distance away from the road locations, reflecting in all likelihood concerns over commuting routes to work or shop. Specific write in concerns included very strong objections to the ,• Spencer/Old U.S. 23 off-set intersections (traffic lights, pavement/lane widening, street lighting), the curve problem at Spencer and Pleasant Valley, lower speed limits on various roads, left turn lanes of Grand River Avenue, curb and sidewalk improvements on Grand River Avenue east of City of Brighton, and street lighting on Old U.S. 23. These were substantially same concerns as in the 1980 Survey. On the -question of community facilities, 61 percent of the respondents felt that there were no police protection problems in the Township which would warrant expanded services. This compared to 43 percent in the 1980 Survey. Regarding fire protection, 62 percent of respondents did not feel there are problems which would warrant expanded services. To the question of whether Township should be progressive and initiate a recycling program and center, over 52 percent of respondents agreed strongly, eight percent agreeing somewhat. Over 81 percent agreed strongly or agreed somewhat that emergency health care facilities are needed in the Township area versus a 60 percent response in 1980 Survey. 25 �Concerning specific recreational facilities desired, the greatest interest by far was for nature trails, bridle trails and bikeways (43.15), followed by parks and picnic areas (37.25) 'I ' J and playgrounds (8.5%), the same ordering as in the 1980 Survey. Only 1.4 percent of respondents felt no recreational facilities needed to be developed or improved in Township. This result sharply differed from a 30 percent response in the 1980 Survey. Residents were asked to show a preference to certain identified public services and facilities which should be improved in the Township. The strongest interest, based upon highest priority rating, was a desire for the improvement of local roads, followed in order by a desire for garbage and waste collection, water and sewer services, a recycling center, additional police protection and additional fire protection. These results reflect a change in attitudes from the 1980 Survey when additional police and fire protection ranked second and third in highest priority ratings. When asked if they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the services for new public services, nearly 75- percent of the respondents said yes, a substantial change from the 40 percent who so answered in the 1980 Smvey. Concerning resident participation in organizations that work to improve conditions in the Township over 80 percent of respondents said they belong to such an organization, again a dramatic change from 25 percent in the 1980 Survey. Seventy-eight percent of respondents indicated that they had tried to get Township officials to do something about features they do not like in the Township (versus only 41 percent in the 1980 Survey), with a wide expression of positive and negative answers as to the results of their effort. In summary, from the overall survey responses it can be demonstrated that residents prefer to maintain the present predominant low density residential character of the Township, with preservation of land having unique or special natural resource value. A large percentage of respondents appear to be satisfied with shopping and employment opportunities even though commuting to out-of-Township locations is generally required. Better road improvements stand out as the major desire along with preservation of the natural resources. It might be noted here that there could be confusion on the part of some respondents as to which governmental agency is responsible for road improvements and maintenance, a function largely that of the Livingston County Road Commission and the State Department of Transportation (Grand River Avenue, U.S. 23 and 1-96 Freeways). The introduction of nature trails and preservation of the low density residential pattern keep coming through as key development interests. These underlying desires reaffirm those expressed in the 1980 Survey. For certain, based upon the expected population growth and 26 �-~ in-migration into the Township, there is an opportunity in the current Township planning I program to continue to guide growth into planned areas of Township and save parts of the 'I ', -- ' r~ t l~ Township for natural resource development. To do otherwise will cause premature, spotty development and costly demands for site infrastructure, (i.e., water · and sewer systems, road improvements). As a result to the responses to the Community Survey, these issues I , and others have been examined and will be considered in the Township's Comprehensive Development Plan. Further citizen input in this process will be encouraged. ' J I l, ( . l. 27 �SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY Introduction As part of the process of updating the Brighton Township Comprehensive Development Plan, this study analyzes the social and economic trends which are affecting the Township's growth and development. The conclusions arrived at herein can be utilized as a basis for planning decisions relating to the residential, commercial and industrial land use elements of the forthcoµling plan. In some instances 1980 Census data was utilized as these were the latest available data which documented certain socio-economic aspects of the Township's population. Specific data from the recent 1990 Census will become available in the 1991-1993 period. (' ' Re~onal Settin~ Brighton Township is located in the eastern most tier of townships in Livingston County adjacent to the developing townships to the east in Oakland Country. In recent years Livingston County has recorded a substantial rate of growth as evidenced by the fact that the County population increased from 38,233 in 1960 to 58,967 in 1970, and to 100,289 in 1980. In 1990, population is 114,517. By Year 2010 a total of 169,421 people is expected to be living in the County. 14 One major reason for this surge in development was the completion in the 1960's of the 1-96 Freeway which connected the Brighton area to the Detroit Metropolitan Area on the east and to the Lansing area on the west. As a result of the presence of this freeway, people for the first time could reside in Livingston County and be within a reasonable commuting distance of the major Detroit area employment centers in Oakland County and in the City of Detroit. Growth also began emanating into Livingston County '· north of the 1-96 Freeway along M-59 as development moved in a westward direction out of the City of Pontiac along this growth corridor into Livingston County. Additionally, growth in the southern portion of Livingston County began to occur as a development spilled northward out of Ann Arbor area along the U.S. 23 Freeway corridor and leap frogged into Livingston County. Upon the completion in 1989 of 1-696 through Oakland 1990 Adjusted Census Count, January 1991; Year 2010 population estimate from Livingston County Databook, March 1991. 14 28 �. 9 County, a major crosstown freeway now connects Llvingston County with Macomb County and Oakland County. With the emergence of these growth corridors, Llvingston County is now recognized as one of the major growth counties in the State. In this context, as will be documented in more detail later, Brighton Township recorded the sixth highest level of growth among the 20 local municipalities in Llvingston County during the decade of 1980-1990, experiencing an increase of 3,593 persons (32%), far ahead of the 1,765 population increase in Hamburg Township, the_second highest ranking community in Llvingston County in terms of an increase in population. Employment Trends in Livin~ston County The employment trends within Llvingston County indicate that the County has generally experienced healthy economic conditions during the years 1981-1990. As documented in Tables 4 and 5 the rate of unemployment of Llvingston County residents has dropped from a high of 7.2 percent in 1985 to 5.9 percent in 1990. Additionally, employment jobs within the County increased by 16.9 percent during this six year period from 47,700 to 55,775 employees. 15 It is evident that employment opportunities in the County have increased faster than the County's labor force since that time. Therefore, although Llvingston County is now primarily a bedroom community, if these trends continue it is quite possible that in the future there will be a balance between employment positions within the County and the number of County residents who are employed. Work - Travel Patterns In 1980 Llvingston County was primarily a bedroom community. That is, a significant number of Country residents were employed elsewhere and commuted outside of the County for purposes of employment. Reflective of this fact is that in 1980, a total of 53.8 percent of the employed residents of Llvingston County worked in another County, up from 41.1 percent in 1970. Data in Table 6 present the county of employment of the employed residents of Llvingston County in 1980. These commuting patterns document some noteworthy trends. A net total of 19,866 Livingston County residents worked outside of the County of the 36,926 County 15 Michigan Employment Security Commission, February 1991. 29 �L - - C, .) C.7 I. ' ... .: ============================================== AVERAGE ANNUAL CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE NUMBER AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE =============================================================================================================================================== Labor Force 1985 Uneq:>l Rate 1986 Labor Uneq>l force Rate 1987 Labor Uneq>l Force Rate 1988 Labor Uneq:>l Force Rate Labor force 1989 Unenpl Rate Labor force 1990 Uneq>l Rate =============================================================================================================s================================= TO,jNSHIPS Brighton 5550 1050 Cohoctah Conway 825 Deerfield 1100 Genoa 4400 Green Oak 5100 Hantiurg 5750 Handy 2025 Hartland 2850 Howell 1775 Iosco 700 2025 Marion 2050 Oceola 2700 Putnam Tyrone 2825 Unadilla 1300 -. - --- -------- . - -...... CITIES Brighton City 2300 3400 Howell City 6.2X 10.7" 9.8X 8.1X 8.4X 7.0X 5.5X 11.3X 5.0X 6.0X 8.3X 7.6X 6.8X 7.4X 6.2X 8.4¾ 5775 1075 850 1150 4575 5300 6000 2100 2950 1850 725 2125 2150 2800 2925 1350 5.4" 9.3" 8.4" 7.0X 7.2X 6.1X 4.8X 9.8X 4.3X 5.2X 7.2X 6.5X 5.8X 6.4X 5.4X 7.2X 5975 1125 875 1175 4725 5475 6225 2175 3075 1900 750 2200 2225 2900 3025 1375 5.2X 8.9X 8.1X 6.8X 6.9X 5.8X 4.6X 9.4X 4.2X 5.0X 6.9X 6.3X 5.6X 6. lX 5. lX 6.9X 6275 1175 925 1250 4975 5750 6525 2275 3225 2000 800 2300 2325 3050 3200 1450 4.9l 8.4X 7.7" 6.4X 6.6X 5.5X 4.3X 8.9X 3.9X 4.7" 6.6X 5.9X 5.3X 5.8X 4.9X 6.5X 6575 1225 975 1300 5175 6000 6825 2375 3375 2100 825 2400 2425 3175 3325 1525 4.3" 7.5X 6.8X 5.6X 5.8X 4.9X 3.8X 7.9X 3.5X 4.2X 5.8X 5.3% 4.7" 5. 2X 4.3% 5.8X 6500 1225 975 1275 5150 5950 6750 2350 3325 2075 825 2375 2400 3150 3300 1500 5.1l 8.8X 8.0X 6.7" 6.9X 5.8X 4.5X 9.3X 4.1X 5.0X 6.8X 6.2X 5.5X 6.1X 5.1X 6.8X 6.0X 8.7" 2400 3525 5.2X 7.5X 2475 3650 5.0X 7.2X 2600 3825 4.7" 6.8X 2725 4000 4.2X 6.1X 2700 3975 4.9X 7.1X 7.2X 49575 6.2X 51350 5.9X 53925 5.6X 56325 5.0X 55TT5 5.9X ·- -- ---- . - .. - .. ---- --- .. --- ..... --- . - -- -- .. - -- --- .... -- --- -- -- -.. -- - ---- -- --- -- --- --- ··-- -- ---- -- ... -- --- -- -- -- --------- ...... -- --- --- -- - COUNTY TOTAL 47700 ======-----------==-----=====--==--===================-===========-==-=---===-================================================================= SOURCE: Michigan Enployment Security Coomlsslon, 2/91. g ~ ~ �TABLE 5 TRENDS IN PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYMENT AND CIVIl..IAN LABOR FORCE LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MICIDGAN, SELECTED YEARS 1977 - 1987• 1977 1987 Civilian Labor Force 24,875 51,350 Employment 23,250 48,320 6.5 5.9 12,154 23,861 3,911 6,421 Construction (Contract) 568 1,731 Transportation, Communication and Utilities 290 363 Wholesale Trade 424 1,366 3,394 5,583 838 1,716 2,540 6,461 189 37 Rate of Unemployment Total Private Sector Employment Manufacturing Retail Trade Finance, Insurance and Real Estate Services Other Industries • Data for Civilian Labor Force, Employment and Rate of Unemployment is by Country of residence. Data source is Michigan Employment Security Commission. Data documenting private sector employment is by County of employment. Data source is U.S,. Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns (1977 and 1987 editions). 31 �1960 Cc»iHUTER DESTINATIONS AHONG PERSONS IIEPORJING THEIR PLACE Of UORK REPOlllED ~K PLACES OUlSIDE LIV. COUNlY 1960 1960 LABOR fOIICE REPOlllED WRK PLACES I BY COUNlY Of DESTINATION IN LIV. COUNJY OUJSIDE LIV. COUNTY I LABOR IREPOIIJING WRK PLACES I Other Hacoob llashtenaw Geneaee Oakland llayne X FORCE I Reported No Report I I I •=•caaa:aaa~:a::a:&::aa=a••========•:;;::a:::aaaaa::•==•===================•=====================•=•==•====•===•==============•=====••====••=•••acaa• a•• lWNSHIPS l.1X 17.5X 1.71 4681 271] 40.2X 1.8X lrlghton 206 1852 41.41 l5.9X 4475 61.11 l0.6X 4.lX 6. 1X 1]80 o.ox Cohoctah I Conway 66.4X 21.6X 1511 916 510 37.0X 35.5X 111 Conway (&ee Cohocteh) 5.9X 28.71 4.51 266] ]1.6X O.lX Deerfield I Oceola 2509 29.0X 154 1414 57.21 1159 46.2X 0,6X ]69] ]]98 19.1X 4.8X Genoa JO.OX 1.2X 295 1712 50.4X 1567 46.1X 44.2X 30.5X o.ox 2.4X Green Oak 1.ll 4260 3985 l2.9X 2918 28.11 37.71 275 1111 71.71 0,8X .0.5X 1.ax ]].OX 61.71 Harilurg 11.5x 4892 4]4 2860 2l.6X 4458 1472 64.2X o.ox 2.4X 19.lX 162] 2l.8X 5.2X Handy I fowlervllle VII. 1294 85.lX 420 14.lX 1517 106 27.71 5.lX 2.9X o.ox 7.71 51.9X Hartland 2411 2150 820 l8.1X l2.1X 281 1127 52.4X o.ox 4.9X o.ox 18.BX 35.5X 40.71 Howell 1510 1472 18 1027 69.8X 425 28.9X 0.5X 44.9X 0.71 27.71 lo1co I Unadilla 1647 20.0X 6.2X 1475 1a.ax 817 56.71 172 5n o.ox 28.71 o.ox Marlon 1678 7.2X 857 586 4l.8X 21.0X 1118 140 64.1X 4l.2X Ocaola (1ea Deerfield) Putnam I Pinckney Vil. 2268 o.ox n.ox 1.2X 1.lX 2158 110 677 :u.4x 1468 68.0X n.5X 7.0X ]1] Tyrone 22]6 58.8X 2'11 18]1 2l.2X 1.7X 2.71 2.lX 14.0X 175 81.9X 11.4X Unadilla (1e1 Iosco) , , CIJ IES C. of Brighton C. of Howell LIVINGSTON CCONIY • lotala do not w IUII 2001 2812 1 1 1707 2668 294 I 164 1 909 2097 51.lX 78.6X 821 582 40101 I 36926 1115 I 17264 46.8X 19866 to 100X due to the 5&"'11• designs used by the Bureau of the Census 1-JSOJRCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census 6/86 I I 1.2X 26.ll 1.2X 27.71 1.2X o.ox 18.6X 1.2X 6.71 1.2X 20.ax 5l.8X I '26.5X 26.1X 1.0X 27.6X 8.lX 5,IIX 48.2X 21.BX 1.2X ~ ~ °' �residents who were reported employed. The primary counties of employment of the 19,866 employed Livingston County residents who worked outside of their County of residence were Washtenaw County (27.6%), Wayne County (26.5%), Oakland County (26.1 %), Genesee County (8.3%) and Macomb County (1.0%). It is evident that many persons moved into Livingston County and maintained their place of employment in their previous county of residence. This situation would suggest that many people are willing to reside within Livingston County and generally commute further to work rather than move and live closer to their place of work in another county. Thus, Livingston County has established itself as a desirable area in which to reside. There is a distinct trend of workers with middle and upper incomes to want to live in a rural, country style environment. Comparable statistics available for Brighton Township, reveals that in 1980 there were 4,475 reported employed residents in the Township of whom 2,733 (61.1 % ) worked outside Livingston County, principally in Oakland County (40.2%), .Wayne County (35.9%), Washtenaw County (17.5%), Macomb County (1.8%), and Genesee Country (1.7%). It is clear that the employed residents of Brighton Township are not solely dependent upon employment opportunities within Livingston County and will migrate into Brighton Township for a place of residence even though a greater commuting distance to their place of employment may be required. Socio-Economic Characteristics of Brighton Township Residents Industry of Employment The residents of Brighton Township are heavily reliant upon employment within the manufacturing sector, even more so than the State labor force which is dominated by the automotive industry. In 1980, 31.6 percent of the Brighton Township residents were employed in manufacturing industries compared to 32.1 percent in Livingston County and 30.1 percent in the State of Michigan. 16 A further analysis of the employment patterns of the Township residents can be undertaken by computing the Coefficient of Specialization which compares the proportion of the Township residents employed within specific industries with the proportion of the Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population., Michigan. General Social and Economic Characteristics. (1980 edition). 16 U.S. 33 �-. State of Michigan labor force which is employed within the same industry. Mathematically, the Coefficient of Specialization is defined as follows: ~ s ~ = .Ei Et Where: S = Coefficient of Specialization ei = Number of Brighton Township residents employed in a certain industry. et = Total number of Brighton Township residents who are employed. Ei = State employment in the ith industry. Et = Total employment throughout the State. If S is greater than 1.00 then the proportion of the Brighton Township residents who are employed within that specific industry is greater than the proportion employed in the same industry throughout the state. Similarly, if S is less than 1.00 then the proportion of Brighton Township residents who are employed within that specific industry is less than the proportion who are so employed throughout the state. The Coefficients of Specialization for the employed residents of Brighton Township in 1980 are documented in Table 7. As indicated, the Coefficient of Specialization for the Construction and Wholesale Trade Industries was high, being 2.17 and 1.92 respectively in 1980. This means a higher percentage of Township residents are employed in those categories than residents of the State of Michigan as a whole. In all other industries, except the Transponation, Communication and Utilities Industry and Public Administration sector, the Coefficient of Specialization for Brighton Township residents was less than 1.00. Level of Income Probably the most imponant criteria of the economic well-being of the residents of a community is the level of income. Data in Table 8 document the level of per capita income in 1985 and the 1980 level of median family income, the latest year for which such data are available, for the local units of government in Livingston County. Based upon available data, the 1985 per capita income level for Brighton Township residents of $14,368 (up from $5,240 in 1970) was highest of any locality in the County and substantially greater than the County-wide per capita income level of $11,760. In terms, of the median family income, Brighton Township also ranked highest among all local municipalities with a median family income level of $31,830 in 1980 (up from $12,666 in 1970). The Livingston County median family income in the same year was $26,339, substantially less than the level in Brighton Township. 34 �One reason for the relatively high level of income of the Brighton Township residents is the fact that 27.7 percent of those who were employed were in the highest paying occupations of Managerial and Professional Specialty Occupations compared to 23.8 percent throughout Livingston County. In 1970, the respective percentages were 25.0 and 20.6. Thus, even though there is a heavy reliance upon the manufacturing industries for Brighton Township residents it is evident that those who are employed therein generally work in the higher paying, white-collar positions. Table 7 COEFFICIENT OF SPECIALIZATION EMPLOYED RESIDENTS OF BRIGIITON TOWNSHIP, 1980* Industzy Construction Number of Employees a Coefficient of Specialization 280 2.17 1,530 1.04 Transportation, Communication and Utilities 190 0.68 Wholesale Trade 336 1.92 Retail Trade 882 1.11 1,909 1.39 Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 315 1.33 Public Administration 116 0.56 Manufacturing Services Other Industries b _ill Total 4,845 7.0 • Analysis by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., April 1990, based upon comparison of proportion of Brighton Township labor force in various industries compared to the proportion of the national labor force employed within the same industries. a. U.S. Census Bureau of the Census, Census of Population. General Social and Economic Characteristics, 1980 Edition. b. Other industries include agricultural and related industries, and mining industries. 35 �TABLE 8 1985 PER CAPITA INCOME LEVEL AND 1980 MEDIAN FAMILY INCO:ME LEVEL LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES IN UVINGSTON COUNfY Local Municipalitv 1980 Median Familv Incomeb $ 23,429 Village of Fowlerville 8,776 17,128 City of Howell 11,457 21,905 9,533 22,404 14,368 31,830 Cohoctah Township 9,410 23,886 Conway Township 9,832 24,420 Deerfield Township 10,584 24,271 Genoa Township 12,908 27,171 Green Oak Township 11,174 26,853 Hamburg Township 12,714 26,652 Handy Township 8,998 22,095 Hartland Township 12,657 30,905 Howell Township 10,214 25,669 Iosco Township 10,686 26,507 Marion Township 9,922 27,624 Oceola Township 10,709 25,669 Putnam Township 10,546 23,488 Tyrone Township 13,155 30,281 Unadilla Township 9,849 22,723 Livingston County 11,760 26,339 Village of Pinckney I t . a 12,317 City of Brighton , ..,, 1985 Per Capita Income BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP $ a. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates and Projections, Series P-25 (January, 1989). b. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housin~. Census Tract Data for Detroit, Michigan SMSA (1980 edition). 36 �Housin~ Values As would be expected, there is a strong correlation between housing values and the level of income in a community. This is evidenced by the fact that the 1990 median value of owner-occupied housing units in the Southeast portion of Livingston County (i.e., Brighton Township, City of Brighton, Green Oak Township, and east 1/2 of Genoa and Hamburg Townships of $117,000 (up from $110,500 in 1979) also was significantly higher than the 1990 Livingston County median value of $103,000. Again, in this criteria, as in those measuring income, Brighton Township ranked among the first among local municipalities in the County. (See Table 9) Thus, it is apparent that the residents of Brighton Township are characterized by having relatively high incomes and living in higher valued homes when compared to other local municipalities in Livingston County. For planning purposes such a situation would suggest that such an area would be likely to attract additional new housing as it is easier to sell new homes in areas which have an established patterns of high quality development than in other areas in which no such trend has been established or in areas of lower valued homes. It is noted that as home prices escalate, there may be a gap created with expected family income levels, and households with lower incomes will be limited to buying ~xisting homes or be priced out of the market completely. 17 Livin~ston Countzy Population Trends In addition to the residents of Brighton Township having the highest levels of income and the highest valued homes of any local municipality in Livingston County, the Township has also been the fastest growing community in terms of population increase in Livingston County since 1970. Data in Table 10 document the population trends of local municipalities in Livingston County during the years 1840-1990. During the 20 year period. 1970-1990, the population increase of 8,933 persons in Brighton Township ranked it second highest in real growth among all units of government in the County. Hamburg Township grew by 7,602 persons during this period. Brighton Township's population increase of 3,593 persons from 1980 to 1990 again represented the second largest (next to Hamburg The Relationship of Housing Sale Price and Household Income in Livingston Countv, Livingston County Planning Department, Working Paper, March 1990, p. 21. 17 37 �-. TABLE 9 1989 AND 1990 HOUSING SALE PRICE CHANGE: IN J.£DlAN AND AVER.AGE: VALIJES co .......- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 120 r • I ,_ ;• - o- no Q~ -c 0 ~ Median •• 11 je ... 100 90 Central Median <=----------------1 80 ~.- - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - : - - - - - - - - - - 1989 1990 1989 SAMPIL 1990 TOTAL SAL£S ----- 1989 AHO 1990 SALE PRlC; C:O.AllSON ---- , COJNTY AVERAGc COJNTT MEDIAN NU!BEJI Of SALES SQJTHE.AST AVERAGE MEDIAM NUIBEll Of SAL!S 9 L.C.P.C. 1/91 , •1989 aw --1990 S105 ,600 629 S114,ZZ2 S103,000 1222 S91,2S0 sa1,000 NA sa1,000 261 $96,000 CSITRAL AVERAGE Cl:!ITRAL M£D 1AM NUMBER Of SAL!S SQJTHE.AST -- S119, 000 S110,500 NA WWWFd"P'F--===zsm-zm ffl,680 S12S,.330 S117, 000 -5n Central Livings:on • The City of Howell, H-ll Twp, Marion TIOp, The East 1n of Conoct.an Twp, The \lest 1n of Onrlield, Oceola, ' - Twps. Southeast Livingston • The City of Brighton, Brighton TIOp, The East 1/2 of GeN1a and Halilurg TIOp&. (inen 0alt Twp, SOJRC;: LIVINGSTON COJNTT IIJLTl·LlSTINGS DATA L!MITATl011S: Don not include sales !lade thr-oug/1 non-participating rHl tors or i na!vicaials. Does not incl I.de uiles by rHl tors outside of Livingston Cou,ty. 38 �========-------============================== HISTORICAL POPULATION PROFILE BY COHHUNITY ===========================================================================================================================================---------------====1840 1850 1860 1870 1874 1880 1884 1890 1894 1900 1904 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 **1990 =============----=-===================================================================================== =========================-----------------------=---=TOUNSHIPS Brighton Cohoctah Conway Oeerf ield Genoa Green Oak Hanburg Handy Hartland Howell Iosco Harion Oceola Putna11 Tyrone Unadilla 786 247 141 440 504 764 602 158 570 321 395 345 523 597 394 643 1015 544 460 882 754 941 895 484 996 1155 645 873 960 977 867 1027 1186 857 764 1017 878 944 996 905 1206 1063 770 682 1128 1215 1144 1117 1439 1177 1019 1128 991 994 907 1306 1159 2563 904 1111 1013 1361 1222 1041 1737 1144 1029 1043 921 938 887 2144 1105 2813 943 1162 1018 1213 1166 1066 1793 1276 1344 1152 1008 1002 919 2301 1250 3250 1018 1255 1022 1294 1273 1094 1788 1244 1341 1086 1001 957 945 2225 1171 3194 916 1218 973 1326 1148 1035 935 1286 1298 1072 916 817 918 2103 1049 1001 947 1146 914 793 1076 1010 837 1283 1264 1025 912 831 870 1121 1021 970 894 1055 879 716 970 940 724 1340 1206 898 843 770 876 1023 969 937 908 1018 865 701 911 930 681 1203 1121 859 793 677 840 1042 897 832 805 947 803 671 829 923 1402 1152 1104 816 762 691 701 1849 830 784 753 940 758 1118 829 909 1337 1113 931 771 682 692 641 1921 760 738 668 1071 752 922 737 835 654 1057 929 695 746 674 662 891 856 774 581 1315 785 495 823 861 927 976 965 789 901 1049 901 941 733 728 663 1396 790 602 920 907 1645 1015 899 919 1066 1837 1713 963 1098 984 662 1572 1030 830 1039 1078 2875 1160 978 1149 2402 4631 3189 1216 1436 1540 705 1740 1453 1471 1523 1216 5882 11222 1454 2436 1160 1722 1734 2611 4800 9261 7598 10802 5481 11318 1578 2392 2630 6034 2426 3999 817 1436 2668 4754 2496 4175 2433 4253 3437 6077 1793 2874 14815 2693 1818 3000 10820 11604 13083 2840 6860 4298 1567 4918 4825 4580 6854 2949 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------· CITIES I VILLAGES c. of Brighton v. of fowlervll le c. of Howell v. of Pinckney • • • • • • • 757 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 741 • • 2387 449 • 812 971 2562 504 781 946 2518 500 777 1014 2450 485 • • • 2338 2951 • • • 1287 1141 3615 433 1353 1118 3748 456 1861 1466 4353 695 2282 1674 4861 732 2457 1978 5224 921 4268 2289 6976 1390 5686 2648 8184 1603 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LIVINGSTON COUNTY 7430 13475 16629 19335 20329 22251 21568 20858 20437 19664 18649 17736 17522 19274 20863 26725 38233 58967 100289 115645 =================-=====================================================================================================================•======================= • Date not available. **1990 Preliminary Pre-Adjusted Census Counts, January 1991 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census State of Hlchlgan Census ~ s;; .... 0 �Township's 1,765 growth) of any local municipality in Livingston County during this nine year period. By comparison, to the east in Oakland County, Milford Charter Township added 1,451 persons in the 1980-90 period, reflecting a 28 percent increase. 18 State Equalized Valuation t 1 There has been substantial growth in State Equalized Valuation (SEV) in Brighton Township. In 1990, the Township ranked first out the of 18 Livingston County localities with a SEV for real and personal of $322,864,100. For comparison, City of Brighton's SEV was $124,308,800, and Hamburg Township, the second highest, was $240,186,700. (See Table I ' l ., 11) For comparison Table 12 reflects 1990 SEV by class of~ property for the Township and ·nearby communities. As a percent of total real property tax base, Table 13 indicates data for Brighton Township. TABLE 13 REAL PROPERTY STATE EQUALIZED VALUATIONS, 1990 BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP* , .. Land Use Type Township SEV Township Percent of Total Livingston County Percent of Total I' Agricultural $ 1,350,500 0.5 5.0 Commercial 20,532,128 6.9 8.9 Industrial 21,020,000 7.0 4.0 256,283,598 85.5 81.9 392,800 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0 Residential Developmental Total $ 299,579,026 *Livingston County Equalization Department, March 1991. 18 1980 and 1990 U.S. Decennial Censuses. 40 �============-=-============================= SfATE EQUALIZED VALUE (S.E.V.) FOR REAL ANO PERSONAL PROPERTY IN THOUSANDS Of DOLLARS ================================================================================================a==========•====~= TOI.INSHIPS Brighton Cohoctah Conway Deerfield Genoa Green Oak Hanwrg Handy Hartland Howell Iosco Harlon Oceola Putna111 Tyrone Unadilla 1985 1986 1987 $184,546.6 U0,350.8 120,622.0 Sl7,330.4 $130,554.0 1125, 180.6 $154,552.3 145,486.6 184,412.7 $54,983.1 121,404.7 157,753.4 145,193.6 166,038.9 179,960.4 127,950.2 $189,627.6 130,407.6 120,706.5 137,587.4 1132,708.3 1131,520.9 1155,889.1 S45,670.3 $89,408.1 S56,604.1 S21,496.9 156,575.6 $45,6'4.9 167,614.4 183,333.0 128,729.2 1205,237.6 '31,466.5 120,143.9 137,397.5 1146,070.7 $140,662.9 1162,079.8 S46,929.9 S93,344.8 157,579.2 121,603.9 160,696.4 $46,249.1 $69,571.5 $87,545.5 $28,666.7 1988 1231,239.1 '33,314.9 121,371.7 142,663.8 1163,662.7 $157,201.7 $181,854.9 149,648.2 $102,320.1 160,370.3 $22,743.9 167,320.3 S54,264.1 $74,387.0 194,181.1 $30,845.8 1989 1262,264.1 Sl6, 135.6 123,011.9 143,801.6 1189,423.6 $182,503.7 $206,184.9 156,772.9 $120,044.9 168,115.6 $23,677.0 $75,008.2 $62,361.6 182,128.3 1108, 117 .1 $33,358.7 1990 '322,864.1 '38,844.2 124,411.1 149,018.2 1223,009.8 1230,952.0 1240,186.7 165,205.5 1139, 175.5 $77,752.7 $26,852.6 185,197.0 $70,306.7 191,153.2 $115,414.7 $36,188.6 Total Change in Value 85·90 1138,317.5 18,493.4 Sl,789.1 $11,687.8 192,455.8 $105,771.4 185,634.4 $19,718.9 $54,762.8 122,769.6 $5,448.1 127,443.6 $25,113.1 $25,114.3 '35,454.3 18,238.4 Percent Change In Value 85·90 74.9X 28.0X 18.4X 31.3X 70.8X 84.SX 55.4X 43.4X 64.9X 41.4X 25.SX 47.SX 55.6X 38.0X 44.3X 29.SX ---···-------------------·---------------·---·-·--·-·------------------------------------·-------------·-····-···CITIES Brighton City Howell City 172,934.0 177,030.1 S78,217.4 S81,470.2 $85,964.7 188,224.5 194,029.3 $97,020.9 $107,320.4 1106,753.6 $124,308.8 $120,328.5 $51,374.8 S43,298.4 70.4X 56.2X -----------------------------····-··-·-····-·-------------------------··-·--·-·---····-···-···-·····-·-···-------County Total S1,316,284.4 11,355,411.5 Sl,431,455.1 S1,576,640.0 Sl,786,984.4 S2,081,170.0 S764,885.6 58. IX ----------------------------•----------------------a--------------------------=.-----=-----•---------•-••--=-•==-~ Assessed value is 50X of market value. SOJRCE: Livingston County Equalization Department, 1/91. ~ 1--.> ~ ~ ........ �.. l '. TABLE 12 REAL PROPERTY STATE EQUALIZED VALUATIONS, 1990 SELECTED LIVINGSTON COUNTY AND OAKLAND LOCALITIES• Locality Brighton Twp. Agricultural $ 1,350,500 City of Brighton Industrial Residential $20,532,128 $ 21,020,000 $256,283,598 41,546,100 8,908,500 60,484,200 Commercial Developmental $ 392,800 Total $ 299,579,026 I 10,938,800 524,500 207,271,056 Genoa Twp . 3,692,200 20,686,928 7,658,500 174,708,928 Green Oak Twp. 3,406,0 IO 7,322,216 15,305,676 189,273,547 215,307,449 Hartland Twp. 5,737,700 12,800, I 00 728,800 113,913,000 133,179,600 Milford Twp. 8,875,600 22,628,700 23,066,900 176,315,125 230,986,325 • Livingston County Equalization Department, March 1991; Pat Haney, Oakland County Equalization Department, March 1991. a. Refers to land expected to be developed in near future. �It may be observed that the nonresidential tax base comprises only 13.3 percent of total SEV as compared to 36.2 percent for Livingston County as a whole. Clearly the residential base at 86.0 percent is reflective of the predominant land use pattern in the Township. Based upon the foregoing facts and past trends it is clear that the Township will continue to attract high quality residential development. If the Township is to depend on this country style of low-density residential development, it will require careful land use planning to wisely apportion limited Township revenues for needed infrastructure. Urban Land Institute's often quoted standard that is desirable to have a least one third of a community's real estate tax base in non-residential uses does not appear for the Township a required or desired objective to achieve. There are several well planned communities in the region with a residential emphasis (i.e., West Bloomfield Township, Bloomfield Township). It will, however, take effort to maintain the Township's present characteristics and development goals in the future with the obvious urban growth trends of the surrounding region, trends which will require corresponding infrastructure improvements. Population and Housin~ Trends in Bri~hton Township Components of Population Chan~e in Bri~hton Township Before projections of a local municipality's population can be undertaken it is important to analyze the variables of births, deaths, and net-migration which have affected the community's growth in the past. The excess of births_ over deaths over a specified time period is termed the natural increase in population while the differential between the natural increase in population and the total population change in a community during the same time period is the net-migration into or out of the community. Data in T_able 14 document trends in the population of Brighton Township during the 1970-1980 decade which increased dramatically from 5,882 in 1970 to 11,222 in 1980, and to 14,815 in 1990. This increase of 8,933 persons computes to a growth rate of 152 percent during this 20 year period. 44 �·-· TABLE 14 POPULATION TRENDS, BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP 1970-1990 Population ,_-, , ~ I ! •-' 1970 5,882 1980 11,222 1990a 14,815 f''i I, I , , a. Final 1990 U.S. Census count, January 1991. . I Births and Deaths.--The births and deaths attributable to the residents of Brighton Township during the 1979-1989 period are documented in Table 15. Also presented therein are the births and deaths attributable to the residents of the City of Brighton and all the residents of Livingston County, for comparison purposes. During this time period it is computed that the natural increase in population, of binhs minus deaths, in Brighton Township was 975 persons (as compared to 1,422 persons during the 1970-1980 decade). Using this natural increase in population and the previously computed 1980 Township population of 11,222, it is calculated that 3,593 persons moved into Brighton Township r • during the 1980-1990 decade (as compared to 3,875 persons during the 1970-1980 decade). This net migration was computed thusly: 1980 Brighton Township population Natural increase in Brighton Township population 1979-1988 11,222 975 1990 Brighton Township population 14,815 Net migration into Brighton Township 1980-1990 (14,815 minus 11,222 and 975) 3,593 45 �TABLE 15 BIRTIIS AND DEATIIS ATTRIBUTABLE TO RESIDENTS OF BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, CITY OF BRIGHTON AND UVINGSTON COUNTY, 1979-1989• Year 1979 Briihton T ownshil) Births Deaths 138 52 Ci~ oi'. Brfahton Births Deaths 49 145 Liviniston CQJ.m~ Births Deaths 1,463 541 1980 146 35 113 49 1,462 588 1981 124 36 135 43 1,437 566 1982 130 50 132 41 1,341 570 1983 105 36 133 44 1,337 590 1984 143 44 139 42 1,443 602 1985 110 61 156 58 1,414 676 1986 147 59 136 44 1,469 641 1987 162 61 140 43 1,567 754 1988 139 39 165 45 1,499 643 1989 163 59 182 56 1,578 626 Total 1,507 532 1,576 514 16,010 6,797 • Michigan Department of Public Health, Statistical Services Section, Office of the State Registrar, March 1991. Residential Construction Trends Data in Table 16 document the trends in new dwelling unit construction for the local units of government in Livingston County in 1990. It is evident from these data that the building permits issued for the construction of new housing units in Brighton Township was highest in County. Even though there was a downturn in the number of units as compared with the 1986-89 period when Brighton Township it is expected the Township will continue to be a leader. If conditions conducive to new residential construction continue, such as low interest rates and a strong resale market for existing homes, it can be anticipated that the rate of building activity in Brighton Township will increase over the 1989 level. As of March 1990, seven residential developments totaling 119 dwelling units are under 46 �===================================================---------========= DUELLING UNITS AND PERMITS FOR NEU STRUCTURES BY Cc»IHUNITY: 1990 ==============================================================================================-======== I I 1990 RESIDENTIAL PERMITS ··-------··-·-·-···········l··············· · ········-··············-·····················-·I COMMERCIAL PERMITS I ONE MULTI MANUF. 1990 CENSUS • I·····-····· I FAMILY FAMILY Hc»IES DEMOLITIONS UNITS PERMITS I 1990 ===-=----=--=============== c============================================================== =========== *1990 CENSUS TOUNSHIPS Brighton Cohoctah Conway Deerfield Genoa Green Oalr. Hanburg Handy Hartland Howell Iosco Marion Oceola Putnam Tyrone Unadi Ila 4867 862 581 1053 4033 4242 5079 925 2331 1359 509 1627 1574 1178 2350 1095 175 33 31 42 85 154 160 77 79 36 40 69 67 35 99 39 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 2 0 0 0 48 0 1 N/A 0 0 3 N/A 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 176 33 34 44 111 154 160 125 79 43 41 68 67 35 102 39 5043 895 615 1097 4144 4396 5239 1050 2410 1402 550 1695 1641 1213 2452 1134 34 0 0 0 11 32 4 2 4 4 0 0 0 1 3 0 ··----···-·····························-·······················I··-········ CITIES & VILLAGES I I 0 4 C. of Brighton 2533 I 51 0 58 2591 I 7 V. of Fowlerville 0 140 0 147 1162 2 1015 I 7 I N/A C. of Howell 3405 I 176 0 186 3591 12 2 I 0 V. of Pinckney 0 0 0 2 544 I 542 I 2 ·····-····· ·-·-······················-·-·······-····-··········-················-·-········I·---·-·--·· 1704 101 LIVINGSTON COUNTY 41160 I 259 202 6 42864 I 1249 ==============================================================================L============I=========== --···-············-··-····- * 1990 Census figures are preliminary. Individual townships do not add up to total because of census tract discrepancies. Source: Livingston County Building Department, Southeast Michigan Council of Goverrments ~ ~ ~ ~ �construction in Brighton Township, and 10 other developments totaling 259 units are pending site plan approval. 19 A more detailed and current analysis of the type of housing units built in Brighton Township during the years 1980-1990 is presented in Table 17. It should be noted that none of the 1,902 new homes from which building permits were issued were for multiplefamily developments. There were six permits for two family units. The Township housing industry has recovered from the 1980-82 recession, however there bas been a decline from the 1988 peak year owing to the 1990-1991 recessionary period. It should also be noted that in today's housing market there is a demand for detached home site condominiums. Site condominiums have become popular because they offer the tax advantages of home ownership as well as a hedge against inflation. However, they are usually less costly to purchase than single-family detached homes and development costs are less than for a conventional plot. As will be noted in the Future Land Use Plan there are certain areas of Brighton Township in which multiple-family housing units could be built and not be in conflict with the surrounding land use patterns. At present there are two mobile home parks in the Township: Pine Lodge Trailer Park at 8191 Woodland Shore Drive (46 sites) and Woodland Lake Mobile Court at 8005 W. Grand River Avenue (65 sites). Population Projections The previous analyses indicated that Livingston County experienced significant population increases in recent years, especially during the 1970-1980 decade. Additionally, population projections indicate that the numerical population increases in Livingston County are anticipated to continue to increase during the next 20 years as documented by the fact that the County's population is projected to increase from an estimated 100,289 in 1980 to 140,454 and 169,421, respectively, in the Years 2000 and 2010.20 Since there is a substantial amount of vacant land available to accommodate new residential development in Brighton 9Data from Livingston County Planning Department, March 19, 1990. 1 SEMCOG, Regional Development Forecast: Population, Households and Employment, Communities in Livingston County, June 8, 1990. 20 48 �TABLE 17 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMIT TRENDS BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1978 - 1990• -. .r - ' . l [ ~ . ' Detached Single Family Two Family Multi Family Gross Year JJ.ni1s J.lniis JJ.ni1s Total 1978 248 0 0 248 2 246 1979 183 0 0 183 1 182 1980 48 0 0 48 1 47 1981 21 0 0 21 0 21 1982 8 0 0 8 2 6 1983 30 0 0 30 2 28 1984 44 0 0 44 1 43 1985 110 0 0 110 2 108 1986 204 2 0 206 2 204 1987 291 0 0 291 2 289 1988 320 2 0 322 11 311 1989 223 0 0 223 0 223 1990 166 2 0 168 3 165 1,896 6 0 1,902 0.5 0 146 TOTAL , __ Total (1978-1990) Average 146 • Less Demolitions 29 2.2 Net Total 1,873 144 SEMCOG Annual Reports, 1978-1990, Brighton Township Building Department . February 1991. 49 �• Township and since this community has experienced significant growth in the past, it is evident that the Township can anticipate a substantial increase in population in future years. In communities which have registered steady population trends over a long period of time forecasts of population are rather predictable if no significant changes are anticipated to affect the variables which determine the community's growth trends. However, in the case of Brighton Township it is difficult to determine if the Township will follow the past trends or perhaps experience in growth as is projected for Livingston County. Therefore, several alternative population projections for the Township will be presented, along with the basis for each. Documented in Table 18 are five different sets of population projections for Brighton Township for the time period 1990 to 2010 based upon different premises. The highest population projection for the Township in the Year 2000 resulted when the geometric method was employed. That is, when the Township's percentage increase in population during the 1980-1990 decade was applied to the 1970 Township population and the resultant projection of 23,548 persons in the Year 2010 was derived. The lowest projection for Brighton Township resulted when the same numerical increase in the Brighton Township population which occurred during the 1980-1990 decade (297 per year) was utilized as a basis to project the population growth in the Township during the two following decades. The resultant figure was a population of 21,797 for Brighton Township in the Year 2010. When Brighton Township's population for the Year 2010 is projected on the basis that the Township will have the same proportion of the Livingston County population in the ensuing years as in 1990 (12.42 percent), a projection of 20,916 persons is computed for the Township in the Year 2010. (See also Table 19 for other projections by•Livingston County Planning Commission.) The SEMCOG population projection methodology is based upon an increase of 3,466 housing units during the 20 year period 1990-2010 and a declining household size from 3.07 persons in 1990 to 2.64 persons per occupied housing unit in the Year 2010. This average out to 173 new housing units a year compared to an average annual increase of 123 a year during the 1980 to 1990 decade. The decreasing family size reflects a declining birth rate and the fact that there is usually a lower household size in multiple-family housing units, which can be anticipated to be built in the Township during the next 20 years. 50 �( ' ,.. - . ·--~-. : --- -~ •J • - -.1 TABLE 18 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1990-2010 Projection Method 1980 1990 e 1995 2000 2005 2010 SEMCOG a 11,222 14,815 15,622 17,845 19,445 21,351 Geometric (Based upon years 1980 - 1990) 11 , 222 14 , 815 16,698 18,649 21,117 23,584 Arilhmalic (Based upon 1980-1990 lime period) b Constant Proportion of Livingston County population 11,222 14,815 16,510 18,272 20,035 21,797 I 1,222 14,815 15,442 17,362 19,006 20,916 11,222 14,815 16,732 19,202 22,262 25,232 11,222 14,815 15,292 17,241 20,039 Consultant Estimate C Livingston County Planning Commission a. d SEMCOG, Regional Development Forecast : Revised June 8, 1990 . Population. Households and Employment, by Minor Civil Division, b . Livingston County Planning Commission, 1990 Livingston County Data Book, February 1991, page I. c. Based upon lhe same proportion of the 1990 Livingston County population . d. Based upon a declining household size and an average annual increase in occupied housing as were built in Brighton Township during lhe years 1980 - 1989. e. Final 1990 U .S. Census count, January 1991. ~- J �=================================== POPULATION FORECAST BY COHHUNITY =================================================================================-=--=============================================z===============------------PERCENT CHANGE IN POPULATION PERCENT Of C<XJNTY POPULATION PRELIH. CENSUS CENSUS* 1980 TO 1990 TO 1995 TO 2000 TO 2005 TO 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 ====================================2=================2===================================================================================----------==---2s---TOUNSHIPS 11222 32.0X 5.4X 9.8X 11.2X 12.8X 12.5X 12.7" 12.6X 12.6X 14815 15622 17845 19445 21351 14.2X 9.0X Brighton 2436 2693 2804 10.6X 4.1X 11.5X 2.4X 2.3X 2.2X 2.2X 2.lX 2.lX 3153 3481 1885 12.4X 10.5X Cohoctah 2280 5.6X 12.7" 1.7" 1.6X 1.6X 1.6X 1.6X 1.6X 1722 1818 2049 2493 2755 11.lX 9.lX 10.5X Conway 2611 3000 2.6X 2.6X 2.4X 2.lX 2.lX 2.3X 2949 3266 3568 3921 14.9X ·1. 7X 10.7" 9.9X Deerfield 9.2X 9261 10820 11243 12987 14508 16184 16.8X 3.9X 15.5X 11.6X 9.2X 9.4X 9.0X 9.2X 9.4X 9.6X Genoa 11.7" 10.8X 10.0X 11.lX 11.0X 10.8X 10.5X 10802 11604 14109 15489 16582 7.4X 21.6X 7.5X Green Oak 17829 9.8X 7.1X 11318 13083 13690 15552 17006 Hanilurg 18502 15.6X 4.6X 13.6X 8.8X 11.lX 11.lX 11.0X 11.1X 11.0X 10.9X 9.3X 2192 2840 2971 1329 4033 18.7" 4.6X 11.0X 2.4X 2.5X 2.4X 2.4X 2.4X 2.4X Handy 1612 12.0X 9.1X 6860 ,iV' 7469 6034 6.0X 5.9X 6.0X 6.lX 6.5X 6.8X Hartland 8817 10070 11600 13.7" 8.9X 18.0X 14.2X 15.2X 3999 4298 4784 501 6010 6744 7.5X 11.lX 11.8X 4.0X 3.7" 3.8X 3.9X 3.9X 4.0X Howell 1l.5X 11.0X 1416 1567 1861 2140 2404 2746 9.1X 18.8X 15.0X 1.4X 1.4X 1.5X t.sx 1.6X 1.6X Iosco 12.3X 14.2X 4754 4918 5738 6599 7408 8401 3.4X 16.7" 4.7" 4.3X 4.6X 4.7" 4.8X 5.0X Marlon 15.0X 12.3X 13.4X 4175 4825 5277 6040 7602 15.6X 9.4X Oceola 6737 14.SX 11.5X 12.8X 4.2X 4.2X 4.2X 4.JX 4.4X 4.5X 4253 4580 4940 6985 Putna111 5634 6264 7.7" 7.9X 14.0X 11.5X 4.2X 4.0X 4.0X 4.0X 4.1X 4.1X 11.2X Tyrone 6077 6854 7493 11281 12.8X 8729 9877 9.lX 16.5X 14.2X 6.1X 5.9X 6.0X 6.2X 6.4X 6.7" 1l.2X 2874 Unadilla 2949 1069 3443 3812 4211 2.6X 4.1X 12.2X 10.7" 11.0X 2.9X 2.6X 2.5X 2.5X 2.5X 2.5X ~ ~ to ----·-------·-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CITIES AND VILLAGES 4268 c. of Brighton v. of Fowlerville 2289 6976 c. of Howell 1390 V. of Pinckney 5686 2648 8184 1603 5983 2588 8708 1476 6316 2637 9144 1623 6499 2703 9621 1763 6675 2769 10025 1900 ll.2X 15.7" 17.lX 15.3X 5.2X -2.lX 6.4X ·7.9X 5.6X 1.9X 5.0X 10.0X 2.9X 2.5X 5.2X 8.6X 2.7" 2.4X 4.2X 7.8X 4.3X 2.lX 7.0X 1.4X 4.9X 2.3X 7.1X 1.4X 4.8X 2.1X 7.0X 1.2X 4.5X 1.9X 6.5X 1.2X 4.2X 1.8X 6.lX 1.1X l.9X 1.6X 5.9X 1.1X --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LIVINGSTON CWNTY 100289 115645 124823 140454 153907 169421 15.lX 7.9X 12.5X 10. lX 9.6~ 100.0X 100.0X 100.0X 100.0X 100.0X 100.0X -------------------------------------------------===-===--==-==--=-----------============================--===========-===-----------------=--------a-~---22--- • 1990 Preliminary Pre-Adjusted Census Counts, January 1991. 8:4COG Sma 11 Area forecast, Version 90. N •• �The Consultant's estimate is based upon an average annual increase of 200 new housing units a year during the 1990-2000 decade, up from the rate which prevailed during the 1978-1990 period (144/year) but less than the 217 /year rate during the 1985I , 1990 period, and then an increase to a rate of 225 housing units per year during the 2000-2010. The declining family size as projected by SEMCOG through the Year 2010 was also used. This methodology yielded a population projection of 23,942 persons , \ compared to SEMCOG's projection of 21,351 persons in the Year 2010. (See also Table 20 for a housing unit projection based upon the Consultant's population estimate.) Thus, the population projection utilized in this study is primarily based upon the 1980-geometric trends within the Township. The SEMCOG projection can be considered a moderate projection. That is, Brighton Township's population is projected to be 23,942 persons in the Year 2010, but if lower, not be expected to be less than l - 21,351. It should also be reiterated that SEMCOG's Small Area Forecast, Version 90 foresees a growth of 21,351 population for Brighton Township by Year 2010. One other consideration should be examined in relation to Brighton Township's population projection. As noted, the Year 2010 projection is based upon a decrease in the household size from 3.07 persons in 1990 to 2.64 persons per household. in the year 2010. Also, the average household size throughout Livingston County in 1990 was 2.88 persons per occupied housing units, down from 3.15 persons per occupied housing unit in 1980. These data clearly indicate a declining household size throughout Livingston ! ' I L. County during 1980-1990 decade. However, if the ratio of persons per occupied housing unit in Brighton Township remained at 3.07 persons until the Year 2010 instead of declining to 2.64 persons per occupied housing unit, as projected, the Township's population based upon the Consultant's estimate would be 29,343 persons instead of 25,233 persons, i.e., there would be 4,110 more persons who would be residing in the same number of housing units. A~e Cohort Projections.--Projections of the number of Brighton Township ',~ residents in the various age categories are represented in Table 21. These projections are based upon a declining family size and a general aging of the Township population as average life expectancy continues to increase. Additionally, the proportion of the Township's population in the school age categories of 5 years to 19 years of age is projected to gradually decline, along with the decrease in the average family size. However, the number of school age children is 53 �projected to increase due to the population growth projected for Brighton Township during the next 20 years. TABLE 20 POPULATION AND OCCUPIED HOUSING UNIT PROJECTIONS BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1990-2010• Person Per Year Population Occupied Housin~ Units Occupied Housin~ Unit 1980 11,222 3,375 3.33 1990 14,192 a 4,600 3.09 1995 15,622 5,332 2.93 2000 17,845 6,269 2.85 2005 19,445 7,127 2.73 2010 21,351 8,066 2.65 • Population per housing unit ratios from SEMCOG, Version 90, Re~onal Development Forecast: Preliminazy Estimates of Population. Households and Employment. Communities in Livin~ston County, June 8, 1990. Forecasts by Livingston County Planning Commission, 1990 Livin~ston County Databoo~ March 1991. a. Final U.S. Census count (January 1991) was 14,815. 54 �• TABLE 21 ~ POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE CATEGORY BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1980-2010• ··111 ,,.,,.., Age Category 198(f 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 835 1,007 1,087 1,210 1,358 1,489 ~ l Less than 5 years r • ' I_; 5 - 13 years 2,161 2,637 2,727 3,034 3,384 3,734 , ~. 14 - 20 years 1,533 1,881 2,025 2,247 2,493 2,750 21 - 34 years 2,318 3,064 3,463 3,975 4,608 5,223 35 - 44 years 1,938 2,727 3,229 3,783 4,519 5,173 45 - 64 years 1,888 2,654 3,147 3,686 4,364 5,046 65 + 549 845 1,054 1,267 1,536 1,817 Total 11,222 14,815 16,732 19,202 22,262 25,232 ,.., • a. Projections by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., February 1991. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population, 1980. '' Future Commercial Land Use Potential Comparison Shoppin~ Comparison shopping goods are those that are not purchased on a regular basis as necessities are, and include such retail categories as Furniture and Appliance Stores, l . Apparel Stores and General Merchandise Stores. Establishments of these types are usually found in concentrated clusters, central business districts, or shopping centers as they then provide the potential buyer with a selection of goods of a similar type via a one stop shopping trip. There are only a few comparison shopping establishments in Brighton Township, primarily located on Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23. However, the major shopping complex in Livingston County, the Brighton Mall and a 55 �new Meijers Thrifty Acres facility are located a short distance away in the City of Brighton. Also the new Boardwalk center at Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23 provides convenient shopping, having an Acco Hardware, Arbor Drug, New York Carpet and bank facilities. Also residents commute outside of the County to the Briarwood Mall in Ann Arbor or the Twelve Oaks Mall, West Oaks Shopping Center and Novi Town Center in City of Novi. Based upon the 1989 Township Community Survey, residents indicated that the Novi Area was most frequented, followed by the City of Brighton. In Livingston County there is no comparison shopping center of this type, with Sears Roebuck Store, J. L. Hudson Store, or Penney's Store as its primary tenant. However, it would take more than 200,000 persons, more than the projected Livingston County population of 174,298 in Year 2005, to support one full-line department store of this type with approximately 180,000 square feet of retail floor area. 21 Furthermore, most of the shopping centers of this type are located near major freeway interchanges to provide easy access as draw from a substantial market area. The U.S. 23 Freeway does traverse the entirety of Brighton Township, although there is presently no interchange in the northern portion of the Township. Even if there was, whether a comparison shopping center would locate at such an interchange is questionable. Therefore, based upon a limited market and no prime site, it is the Consultant's conclusion, as it was in 1980 at the time of the previous Plan, that there is no potential for comparison shopping of this type in Brighton Township, and the Township's Future Land Use Plan should reflect this situation. Referring again to the Township Community Survey, over 77 percent of respondents were satisfied with availability of shopping services. There are only a few high quality shopping centers in the Detroit Metropolitan Region. The ·most prestigious and largest is Somerset Mall in the City of Troy. Other shopping centers which sell relatively high quality goods are located in the Rochester area, the Grosse Pointes, in the City of Birmingham and in the City of Livonia. Some have Jacobson's store as their major tenant but others have no key tenants. It is evident by the distribution of these shopping centers that their number is limited and they are located in areas with a substantial concentration of higher income families. While the 21 Based upon expenditure patterns in 1987 and 1987 income levels of the resident population of Livingston County. 56 �. -, level of income of the residents of Brighton Township is relatively high, there are not sufficient dollar expenditures on these types of goods in Livingston County to support a shopping center of this type. Therefore, there appears to be no market for a high quality shopping center in Livingston County. Based upon these trends it is the Consultant's recommendation that no comparison shopping center should be planned for in Brighton Township. The Township residents can meet their comparison shopping needs at the present shopping centers in the County or in nearby areas, as they do today. \ J ! ' I l ~ Convenience Shoppin~ Centers Convenience shopping goods are necessities and, as opposed to comparison shopping goods which are purchased less frequently, are bought on a regular basis, usually weekly. The major tenant in a Convenience Shopping Center is usually a supermarket although sometimes a hardware store or a drug store is the key tenant. This analysis will focus upon the market potential for a convenience shopping center which has a supermarket as its key tenant. Presently, based upon the 1989 Township Community Survey, Brighton Township residents primarily purchase their convenience goods in the City of Brighton, followed in order by the Novi Area; along Grand River Avenue west of the City of Brighton, and along Grand River Avenue east of the City of Brighton. Referring again to the Survey, over 77 percent were satisfied with such services. Convenience Shopping Centers have a drawing radius of about three-fourths of a mile in built-up areas. However, this market area extends further in less densely populated areas such as Brighton Township. Today, it talces from 3,500 to 4,000 families to support a full line supermarket with a l .. retail floor area of approximately 25,000 square feet. 22 In this context, it should be noted that by the Year 2010 the Consultant projected that there will be 9,558 households in Brighton Township, an increase of approximately 4,935 households from the 1990 household level of 4,623. The projection indicates that there will be a sufficient market in Brighton Township itself to support two convenience shopping 22This analysis is based upon the income levels of the residents of Brighton Township, statewide expenditure patterns and dollar sales per square foot of retail floor area in 1987. 57 �centers by the Year 2010. The new growth projected for the 20 year period 1990-2010 is sufficient to support such shopping centers. Therefore, the maximum number of convenience shopping center which should be planned for in the Township's Plan is two. However, the entire total dollar expenditures of the Township residents would be necessary for both of them to be economically feasible. Undoubtedly, some of these potential dollar sales from the Brighton Township residents would be lost to competing establishments in other communities, offset by the influx of dollar sales into Brighton Township. Future Industrial Land Use Potential In 1989, there were approximately 68 acres of land devoted to industrial uses in Brighton Township, 42 acres in light industrial and 26 acres in heavy industrial (this excludes 2,337 acres of the G.M. Proving Ground and 356 acres in the extractive uses in Brighton Township). 23 Most of these industrial firms are also located along Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23. There has an increasing amount of industrial development of this type in the Township in recent years. It is concluded that there is potential for industrial growth in Brighton Township if it is the desire of Township officials to encourage this type of development. There has also been industrial development in the adjacent City of Brighton and in Green Oak Township in recent years. It is evident that there is also potential for future industrial development in Livingston County, however, where it will be located is dependent upon many factors. These variables include a proper site size on industrial zoned land, the availability of the necessary utilities and the possibility of assistance under the various industrial development acts in the State of Michigan. Based upon past trends Brighton Township can anticipate continued industrial development in the future. The Township could also seek to develop a market for research and development firms, light manufacturing and testing laboratories and office parks similar to development in and near the City of Ann Arbor. The Township has strategic, visible vacant industrial and office zoned sites along U.S. 23 and I-96 Freeways which are reserved exclusively for such purposed ( e.g., prohibition of residential and ~ownship Existing Land Use/Environ.mental Survey, November 1989. 58 �retail business uses), and could add attractive tax and employment base producing businesses to the Township. From the 1989 Township Community Survey about 45 percent of respondents agreed strongly or agreed somewhat that there is a need for a balanced tax and employment base in the Township supported by commercial, office and light industrial uses. ,' ( ,· il ' ~ .J f' 'I L '·• J ' - 59 �GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Introduction Before a community designs a plan it must first set certain goals and objectives that would define the parameters of its needs and aspirations, and thus establish a basis for plan development. These goals and objectives must reflect the type of community desired and the kind of lifestyle its citizens want to follow, given the economic and social constraints. The primary contributor to gathering information regarding the living patters of Township residents and their attitudes toward present and possible future Township policies \ , is the Community Survey. These findings are incorporated in terms of wants and needs into f "'· general Township goals. Since they influence the nature of plans, their establishment l_, coupled with more specific development objectives, will be an important step to achieving ' the plans themselves. To provide the necessary focus of long range policies and operational statements for action programs a set of goals and specific objectives have be.en determined and are described as follows: Overall Growth and Development Goal: To provide for the orderly and efficient growth and development of land, transportation. and public and private services and facilities in the community. Objectives: 1. Restrict urban development in areas which are not served by public service cost, waste land or are beyond the carrying capacity of the land. 2. Recognize and protect the considerable environmental attractions of the Township of Brighton for enjoyment and utilization of the population. 3. Locate and cause the removal of blight and deterioration. 4. Safeguard sound developed areas from intrusion of land uses and activities of noncompatible character. 5. Periodically update the Township's Comprehensive Development Plan. 6. Provide and enforce up-to-date codes, ordinances and development controls to achieve desired land development. 7. Develop an effective circulation system between and within land use 60 �activities to produce optimum movement of people and goods and utilization of land. 8. Create an awareness of the importance of good design by emphasizing development and performance standards in Township codes and ordinances. 9. Develop and use techniques which symbolize Brighton Township as a desirable community with a separate character. Agriculture Goal: To retain, wherever possible, prime agricultural lands in the Township by protecting them from urban development through the concentration of urban growth. Objectives: 1. Recognize agriculture as an essential economic activity. 2. Maintain agriculture as an environmental asset as well as an important economic resource of the Township through endorsement of existing legislative tools as the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act and others as made available. 3. Avoid rural-urban land use conflicts by encouraging only very low density, dispersed, residential uses in agricultural areas. 4. Study areas to be retained permanently as productive agricultural lands, and not necessarily as a holding bank for future urbanization. Residential Goal: To provide and preserve adequate and suitable housing, and a desirable residential environment for all Township residents. Objectives: 1. Provide a range of acceptable housing units for all levels of income, variations in lifestyle, and different family sizes. 2. Promote the maintenance and rehabilitation of older housing areas and encourage neighborhood improvement and "in-filling" of unused ares. 3. Encourage the removal of conflicting or undesirable land uses from residential areas. 4. Limit the volume and character of traffic on residential streets. 5. Improve the environmental quality of all residential areas. 61 .l . _)I �6. Preserve residential areas in sound condition. and encourage rehabilitation and renovation of deficient structures. 7. Develop residential density patterns which relate to natural and man-made environmental features. 8. Promote higher densities in areas which are or may be served by public , -' utilities and service investments, such as schools, parks, sewer and water facilities, and reduce wasteful spread and sprawl random development. 9. Discourage strip residential development and recognize the desirability of controlled access to the primary road system. 10. Provide facilities and services designed to stabilize and improve residential areas, including a level of public, semi-public and community facilities consistent with the needs of the residents. 11. Develop incentives to encourage new energy efficient housing construction and other private capital investments in the Township. 12. Improve living amenities in all residential neighborhoods through high standards of housing design and construction. increased privacy and quiet, and access to usable and convenient open space. I '- ~> Commercial Goal: ... The supply of commercial facilities, including office should correspond closely with the demand for such facilities, and the commercial enterprises so located and grouped to efficiently service the needs and desires of the Township residents while at the same time strengthening the Township's tax and employment base. Objectives: 1. Promote and allow the type and amount of commercial operations proved by market analysis, historical performance and consumer desires to be in demand by the population and an overall asse_t_to the community. 2. Encourage the rehabilitation or replacement of obsolete commercial buildings. 3. Encourage variety in commercial product to facilitate optimum customer selection. and competitive, reasonable prices. 4. Improve traffic and pedestrian circulation patterns within and servicing commercial areas. 62 �5. Provide general areas for commercial expansion based on market demand, commercial location standards and effect on surrounding land usage. 6. Remove underutilized, undesirable strip commercial areas from the business zoning classification. 7. Promote the design of commercial areas in compatibility with the primary function of the commercial areas and the particular characteristics of the uses therein. 8. Provide appropriate services to the commercial areas to facilitate their sound development and operation. 9. Enforce strict land use and zoning policies which limit the expansion of harmful strip commercial and control the unplanned location of isolated retail activities. 10. Provide sufficient land for commercial uses based upon a rational plan for commercial development and in accordance with contemporary design standards. 11. Consolidate development between existing commercial centers. Industrial Goal: Encourage the development of industrial areas to provide attractive sites to industrial enterprises which will strengthen the ta.x base and provide a place of employment for area residents. Objectives: 1. Provide climate of economic incentives for new, light industrial establishments. 2. Relocate nonconforming uses out of industrial areas and replan the areas for industrial usage. 3. Provide adequate development and operations controls to insure industrial firm compatibility both within and adjoining the industrial uses. 4. Provide appropriate services to the industrial areas to facilitate their sound development and operation. 5. Provide opportunity for industrial growth and rejuvenation. 6. Designate sufficient land for industrial development to allow a variety of parcel sizes and locations, and to offer firms a range of choice. 63 �7. Encourage well planned and adequately developed industrial areas which ! I provide sites meeting long-term functional needs of industry in an attractive 1..: industrial setting. t··~; 8. Encourage existing industry located in industrially designated areas to I u remain and expand on their present or expanded sites. i"' 9. Encourage the development of new types of industries and those that are ,_• I economically associated with the existing industrial base. ,~ 10. Develop area plans to guide and encourage solutions to problems created by obsolete platting which results in underdeveloped industrial usage or conflicts between adjacent industrial and residential propenies. r .. I Public/Semi-Public Goal: Provide for use public and semi-public areas offering a variety of opportunities for human fulfillment in locations appropriate for their development and utilization. Objectives: 1. Provide public and encourage private community facilities in size, character, function and location suitable to their users. 2. Encourage citizen participation and utilize professional expertise to r. l , .. determine needed and desired public and semi-public improvements. 3. Research methods and manners of providing public and semi-public r ·• l services and choose those most conducive to citizen needs and desires, considering sound budgetary practices. 4. Maintain Township administrative services in efficient, central locations. 5. For Township provided facilities, plan, locate, and provide public areas based on a long range general plan, short range project plans and capital improvements programming. r 6. Assist and guide semi-public and citizen groups in their efforts of providing needed community facilities. c •• Recreation-Conservation Goal: To maintain and preserve sufficient open space and recreation facilities to satisfy the needs of Township residents. 64 �Objectives: 1. Plan a system of active and passive recreational resources for Township residents maximizing use of State, HCMA and local recreational facilities. 2. Employ zoning, subdivision and site plan review regulations to protect the open character of lands unsuitable for development and to encourage residential developers to provide usable open space for property owners or tenants. 3. Encourage the preservation and/or restoration of areas of special natural features, such as trees, forests, natural drainage areas and nature trails. 4. Encourage the development of recreation facilities by private sources, nonprofit organizations and clubs. 5. Encourage good design priorities in the development of all private and public buildings and sites, through site plan review. Transportation Goal: Promote an effective transportation and circulation network within and through the Township. Objectives: 1. Provide an overall plan of thoroughfares to effectively allow the safe movement of vehicles to any area within the Township in the minimum amount of time. 2. Develop a functional system of roadway classifications and standards, consistent with those of the Livingston County Road Commission, to provide sufficient rights-of-way to accommodate the varied modes of travel which are expected to be present in and through the Township in future years. 3. Encourage the separation of through and local traffic in residential neighborhoods and in planned commercial and industrial areas. 4. Provide for the separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic in shopping areas and places of assembly in the Township. 5. Provide adequate and aesthetically attractive off-street parking areas to serve commercial, industrial and recreation centers in the Township. 6. Encourage improved levels of road construction and maintenance in the Township from the State Department of Transportation. County Road Commission, developers and local resources. 65 �~• r The proposed goals and objectives for Brighton Township are guidelines for the future development of the Township. If the planning program is to be more than a confusion of varied opinions, then it is essential that these goals and objectives be seriously considered. They will help insure an orderly, prosperous and attractive development for Brighton Township. These goals and objectives are suggested as a starting point for Township officials. As the planning process progresses, the goals and objectives may be altered and new ones formed. Thus, the goals and objectives of Brighton Township are flexible and need constant attention. L ,, ··• ' ' 66 �....., ,- • . .. LAND USE PLAN Introduction Many problems which are facing communities today are the result of unregulated r, I • t. .... growth in the past. People were allowed to build on their land as they wished without i~ I • { _; regard for those uses adjacent to them. This has resulted in a mixing of incompatible land uses, wasting of scarce natural resources, and either a lack of services or their provision at high cost. There are locations in Brighton Township where commercial or industrial development are suitable. However, due to the present low residential density in the Township, incompatible land uses are generally spaced at a great enough distance so as not ,~ to be troublesome. As densities begin to increase within the Township, problems could I arise with incompatible land uses. Also, demand has begun to be generated for a public r- sewer system, due to the inadequacy of present septic tanks. However, sewer systems are ! very costly for developing communities having scattered low density population. Future development in Brighton Township, therefore, requires a basic framework in which to grow. .. Urban Land Demand I In order to provide an adequate picture of urban land demand for Brighton l. Township, an analysis of existing land use was undertaken. (See Existing Land Use Study) I. By examining past increases in urban land, or land which bas become developed, projections .,. for the amount of additional vacant land which may become absorbed into the urban land ' classification by Year 2010 can be made. In this manner, the total supply of land for urban uses could be controlled to equal the demand for this land in the Township. This is known as "land market equilibrium." By ensuring that supply meets demand, orderly growth can be achieved, while at the same time maintaining property values. If too much developable land is recommended, urban sprawl and haphazard development could occur with adverse affect on property values. ' ' Urban Land Projections Existing land use acreage for 1967, 1979, and 1989 were available as the result of field surveys. Table 22 provides the figures necessary to project urban land use to Year 2010. Inherent in these calculations is an assumption that the land use trends in the 67 �Township over the recent years can be reasonably expected to occur through the Year 2010. Inasmuch as the years 1967-1989 represents a period of relatively high population growth for Brighton Township, such an assumption would be reasonable. TABLE 22 URBAN LAND PROJECTION, BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 2010• Land Use a 1967 Land Use (Acres) b 1979 Land Use (Acres) C 1989 Land Use <Acres) 1989-2010 1967-1989 Land-Use Land Use Change-Acres Increase (Acres) <Per Year) Total 2010 Land Use (Acres) Residential 793 1,319 2,758 1,965 89 1,869 4,627 Commercial 74 138 170 96 4 84 254 Industrial d 271 308 424 153 7 147 571 Public/Semi Public 485 509 473 Rights-of-Way 1,388 1,529 1,692 304 14 294 1,986 Urban Land Total 3,011 3,803 5,517 2,506 114 2,394 7,911 Non-Urban Land Total 18,895 18,017 16,303 2,592 Township Total 21,820e 21,820 (86) 21,906 (12) 473 (0.5) 13,909 (4) 21,820 • Analysis by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., June 1990. a. b. c. d. e. Existing Land Use Inventory, Vilican-Leman and Associates, Inc., December 1967. Land Use Survey, Parkins, Rogers & Associates, Inc., December 1979. Land Use Survey, Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., August 1989. Excludes General Motors Proving Ground property. Reflects annexation of part of Township by City of Brighton. During the last 22 years it should be noted that land used for residential purposes increased by 1,965 acres, or 89 acres per year. This amounted to an 148 percent increase over what was committed to this land use in 1967. Commercial acreage during this same period expanded by 96 acres or about four acres per year, which amounted to nearly 130 percent increase. For industrial, some 153 acres, or seven acres per year in new growth occurred resulting in a 56 percent increase. Public and semi-public land use experienced a net lost of 12 acres. Finally, rights-of-way increased during this 22 year period by 304 acres, or 14 acres per year. This represents a 22 percent increase in the land use category. 68 �• In total, urban land grew by 2,507 acres, or 114 acres per year over this same time period which was an increase of 83 percent from that in 1967. Using the rate of growth cited above, residential land use can be reasonably expected to increase in Year 2010 by 1,869 acres over what it was in 1989. The commercial land projected increase is anticipated to be 84 acres while that for industrial land increase is expected to be 147 acres during this period. Public and semi-public would reasonably experience a modest increase, while rights-of-way could be expected to grow by 294 acres. Urban land is expected to increase by 2,394 or 43 percent over this 21 year period. Thus, by the Year 2010, it can be anticipated that at minimum 7,911 acres or about 12.4 square miles of urban land will be needed (36 percent of Township area). This figure with land I ' . use breakdowns represent the foundation or basis for land use plan development. Urban Land Absorption As a result of the urban land projections for Brighton Township, land use absorption capacity was calculated in five year increments as shown in Table 23. These figures are based on the assumption that the land use in the Township would grow in proportion to what is has over the last 22 years. It also assumes that no new significant factors will influence growth during this period. These figures were also prepared with an awareness of marketing trends present in the Socio-Economic Study. TABLE 23 URBAN LAND ABSORPTION BY FIVE YEAR INCREMENTS BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1989-2010• Use .lW .1225 .2QQQ 2005 2QlQ 2,758 3,292 3,737 4,182 4,627 Commercial 170 194 214 234 254 Industrial 424 466 501 536 571 Public/Semi-Public 473 473 473 473 473 Rights-of-Way 1,692 1,776 1,846 1,916 1,986 TOTAL 5,517 6,201 6,771 7,341 7,911 Land Residential ( - • Analysis by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., June 1990. Table based on data in Table 1. 69 �This data can be uses as a "measuring stick" by local officials in determining the progression of Township growth over the next 20 years. These figures also provide a more reference source upon which to base future rezoning decisions for upcoming land use proposals. These figures will also furnish assistance to capital improvements programming by indicating the distribution of land types over a shorter period of time. Plannin~ Principles The Land Use Plan is designed to serve as a guide for future development. To achieve this objective the basic characteristics of a Land Use Plan are: Long-Range - Planning for land development for the next 20 years. Comprehensive - Considering all major types of land use. Generalized - Based upon broad principles of land use allocations and relationships. Flexible - Able to accept changes which do not affect the integrity of the total Plan. Regional -- Encourage coordinated regional development rather than planning in a vacuum. The Brighton Township Land Use Plan is a plan for the Year 2010. The Land Use Plan is also comprehensive. Consideration is given to all major types of land use, such as residential, commercial, industrial, public and semi-public uses, thereby establishing the general character of the area. The Plan is generalized. There is no attempt to design the specific properties as this must await the more detailed analysis associated with an actual development project. The Plan is also flexible. Flexibility is important because economic, social and political influences change community policy. Therefore, the Land Use Plan should be periodically reviewed and updated so as to keep current with change. The Land Use Plan is regional in nature. Brighton Township is the leading growth area within Livingston County. The Brighton Township Land Use Plan has been developed to recognize trends in the region and the Township's particular role in the region. The Land Use Plan must also consider existing development trends in the area, the emerging land use development pattern and other significant landform concepts which will impact upon the choice and arrangement of the land use elements. 70 �• , -;, Brighton Township lies within the "morainal belt" of southeastern Michigan. The topography consist of rolling hills, small lakes, and swamp land. This type of landscape is very desirable from a recreation and residential point of view. With the introduction of new transportation patterns in southeastern Michigan (e.g., completion of 1-696), Brighton Township has achieved a higher degree of regional accessibility. This can only mean added growth for the Township in the future. The City of Brighton was a former part of Brighton Township. Growth and development that is attracted to the City naturally affects the Township. Since the City is mostly built up at the present time, those developers attracted to the area are generally required to look to the adjacent communities. As a result, development is expected to overflow into the Township. Thus, added growth and expansion into Brighton Township , ' is even more imminent. However, particular care must be taken to ensure that the total supply of urban land is controlled, orderly growth can be achieved, and urban sprawl contained. The preliminary sanitary sewer service area (Township area of south of I-96) may dictate certain development patterns for uses not able or desirous of using a septic system or of building a package treatment plant meeting State and County regulations. A general land use pattern is developing in the Township. There are a number of , ·. low density residential uses (single-family dwellings on large lots) in the northern, central ", and eastern areas of the Township. Land subdivision for residential purposes is scattered throughout the Township. Commercial establishments are developing along the Old U.S. 23 and Grand River Averiue corridors. Industrial uses are primarily concentrated south of the 1-96 Freeway and between Old U.S. 23 and U.S. 23 Freeway north of I-96. Future planning efforts must recognize this evolving land pattern. The high concentration of freeways and roadways that traverse back and forth through the center and southern section of the Township create many odd-shaped parcels of land that encourage intensive uses. For example, multiple family, research and development establishments or industrial sites can be planned to take advantage of frontage along the roadways and accessibility and visibility they provide. Another significant landform located in the southeastern corner of the Township is the regional recreational area of Kensington Metropolitan Park which generally encompasses the Huron River and adjacent lands. The new headquarters of the HuronClinton Metropolitan Authority is located here in the Township. Other areas of the Township also lend themse:lve~ to recreation purposes due to unsuitability for development. 71 �Sizable existing uses of land, such as the General Motors Proving Ground, also represent a landform that will influence land planning decisions. Its total acreage is so large a consumer of Township land that it should be recognized as a separate land use planning category to ensure its compatibility as a member of an optimum community environment. Commercial areas should be available to serve the Township's potential population. These commercial uses should be coordinated with existing retail facilities to meet the shopping needs of future consumers. There is an apparent need from the results of the Community Survey for improved shopping facilities such as a department store, more supermarket and family restaurants, and medical services. Some convenient shopping areas should especially be available to the expected concentrations of people in medium and high density residential districts. There are 18 land use classifications proposed in Brighton Township. Each land use is next discussed along with its special locational requirements which provide a rational basis for the Land Use Plan. Land Use Proposals As a result of the analysis, the various proposed land uses have been portrayed on Map 5 (following Page 137) and in Table 24 for each classification. The objective of this analysis is to examine and compare the general characteristics of the various land uses to serve as a basis for future planning implementation. In addition, a comparative reference to Zoning Map district classifications is shown on Table 24. Residential The Land Use Plan is based on an anticipated population in Brighton Township of 25,232 by Year 2010. Residential areas have been delineated to accommodate this population based upon existing lot sizes in already developed residential areas of the community, physical features of the land, likelihood of community sewer and water systems, anticipated range of dwelling types and density of development plus the projected pace of residential development. Seven categories of residential land uses have been proposed which include Country Estate, Country Residential, Rural Estate, Suburban Residential. Single Family Small Estate, Single Family Residential. Multiple Family Residential and Mobile Home Residential. 72 �TABLE 24 ' LAND USE PLAN - 2010 BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP• J Land Use Area (Acres) Percent of Total Zoning District Reference ..J f , 12,440 Residential Country Estate (5 acre) 4,561 Country Residential (2-1/2 acre) 997 Rural Estate (70,000 sq. ft.) 1,091 Suburban Residential (40,000 sq. ft.) 4,494 Single Family Small Estate (1/2 acre) 829 Single Family (15,000 sq. ft.) 282 Multiple Family 68 Mobile Home 118 Commercial Convenience General Office Commercial Industrial Research and Development General Specialized (GM Proving Ground) 57.0 20.9 4.6 5.0 20.6 3.8 1.3 0.3 0.5 CE a CR R-1 R-2 R-3b R-4c RM-1, RT RMH 1.7 366 19 201 146 2,582 0.1 1.0 0.7 B-1 B-2,B-3,B-4~ OS,RO,B-1 0.2 0.9 10.7 SR & D 1-1,NR 1-1 11.8 43 201 2,338 490 2.2 PSP Recreation/ Conservation 3,165 14.5 PSP Rights-of-Way 1,849 8.5 Water Bodies _m 4.3 TOTAL 21,820 100.0 Public/Semi-Public * a. b. c. d. Computations by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., June 1991. Proposed new zoning classification to require 5 acre minimum lot size. Presently R-3 District provides for 9,600 sq. ft. minimum lot size if public sanitary sewer and water systems are available, otherwise 15,000 sq. ft. subject to perc test. R-3 District is proposed to be increased to 21,780 sq. ft. minimum lot size. If public sanitary sewer and water systems are available, lot sizes may be 7,800 sq. ft. or larger. Might also accommodate certain office related local business uses. 73 �Country Estate - This land use is composed of those areas of the Township where the principal use is recommended to be farming and residence for those people desiring to live in a farm-like residential atmosphere. The intended purpose of this land extends beyond simple consideration of farmhouses and high quality soils. Providing agricultural land acts as a preservation program meeting a variety of national, state, regional and local objectives. Preservation of farmland conserves energy. Prime soils require less energy to farm than do other soils, and when such lands are maintained near their markets (urban areas), energy is reduced in conserving transportation costs. Furnishing areas for agricultural pr(?duction prevents urban encroachment into rural areas while promoting compact urban development. Sprawl costs money; in saving farmland, sprawl may be contained and cost for the provision of urban services minimized. Farmland preservation also results in the maintenance of open space and natural systems necessary for adequate aquifer recharge areas and wildlife habitats. Agricultural lands can also add to the community's economic vitality. Generally, the tax returns to the community from farms are greater than the service and facility outlays they require. In addition, farming is most always an exporter of goods and importer of income to the community while supporting a variety of related business. Lastly, promoting compact urban development and preserving local agricultural areas contribute to the maintenance of agricultural reserves. Without agricultural land preservation, many farmers would be forced to turn marginal land into production, such action would force the loss of other important resources as woodlots and wetlands. Minimum farm size would be 10 acres; minimum non-farm residential lot size would be five acres. In effect, this land use category is much more than just saving a piece of land or providing a district where agricultural activity is merely tolerated. It is an endorsement and appreciation of the necessity of farming and related activities. In recognizing this land use, it supports compact versus spread and sprawl development, enhancing the local economic base, containing the cost of public services and preserving the quality of the local environment. A total of 4,561 acres, or 20.9 percent of the Township has been allocated to this category. Further, this category provides spacious home sites for residents appreciating country- style living, a desire strongly expressed in the Community Survey. 74 �Areas proposed for the Country Estate category involve the majority of land north of Hyne Road east of U.S. 23 Freeway; and north of McClements west of Old U.S. 23; east of Kensington Road between GM Proving Ground and I-96, and between Hyne Road and Newman Road, westerly of Pleasant Valley Road. To implement this land use recommendation, a new zoning district classification is necessary, i.e., Country Estate District. Countrv Residential - Closely related to the Country Estate residential category is the Country Residential land use category. Objectives of preserving rural atmosphere and farming are observed. However minimum residential lot size is 2-1/2 acre. (CR District zoning) A total of 997 acres, or 4.6 percent of Township is planned for this use. Designated areas are between Hyne Road and McClements Road, between Hunter Road (extended) and west Township limits; along east side of Corlett Road, between Hyne Road and Newman Road; the area at southwest corner of Newman Road and Pleasant Valley Road; and between Newman Road and Spencer Road, Pleasant Valley Road and Kensington Road. Rural Estate - This land is intended for occupancy by those people desiring to live in a semi-rural atmosphere. Again, there is a clear need from the results of the Community Survey for low density, large lot residential development. The Rural Estate category would encourage this type of living. Minimum lot size would be 70.000 square feet or 1.6 acres, or .62 units/acre. (R-1 District zoning) Approximately, 1,091 acres or five percent of the Townships's total land area is allocated for this land classification. This category would also act as a transition zone between the low density residential agricultural land designated in the Township's northern and eastern areas and the Suburban Residential category with its higher residential density. Two areas are proposed for the Rural Residential category. One area incorporates those lands generally located south of Newman Road, north of Skeman Road and east of Pleasant Vallev Road, while the remaining Rural Estate area is found north of Hyne Road between Hunter Road and U.S. ..,,., _.:,_ Suburban Residential - The Suburban Residential classification is intended primarily for single-family homes on large lots which do no need urban services such as community sewer or water. The minimum lot size proposed is 40,000 square feet or .91 dwelling units per acre. (R-1 District zoning) About 4,494 acres, or 20.6 percent of Township is set aside for Suburban Residential land use. 75 �Residents of Brighton Township also indicated a strong desire for preservation of a low density suburban environment in the Community Survey as a planning objective to be pursued. The Suburban Estate category would encourage this type of living. This classification would also be utilized to conserve land from more intensive usage in a manner consistent with the existing and desired residential character of the Township. Brighton Township is not anticipated to have any substantive central sewer or water facilities within the time frame of this plan except for possible service in area south of I96. Normally, lot sizes of less than one acre are not recommended in this instance because individual septic tanks and wells on small lots often do not function efficiently. The low density residential areas proposed incorporate the majority of the existing subdivisions in the Township which are proximate to major roads and the City of Brighton. These areas have also been oriented around feasible future community sanitary sewer service areas. Sin~le-Familv Small Estate - To accommodate a need for an intermediate size residential home site between that recommended for the Suburban Estate and Single Family categories, the Single Family Small Estate category is recommended. Just as concerns expressed for the Single Family category re. septic tank acceptability, this category providing for one half acre minimum home sites is possible only on sites able to provide adequate percolation or which can be feasibly served by a sanitary sewerage system. Areas so designated are located on nonh side of Spencer Road between I-96 and Old U.S. 23 Freeway nonherly of Hilton Road (as extended); and on nonh side of Hilton Road, westerly of Old U.S. 23. Such constitute 829 acres, or 3.8 percent of the Township area. To implement this land use recommendation it is recommended the Township's present R3 District classification be amended to require a minimum lot size of 21,780 sq. ft. Sin~le-Familv - This land use is intended for single-family residential development of relatively small lots of a more urban nature. Minimum lot sizes would be 7,800 square feet with utilities, and 15,000 square feet without utilities. (R-4 District zoning) Space allocated for this use is 282 acres, or 1.3 percent of the Township. Single-Family Residential areas are planned for the southwestern corner of the Township adjacent to Old U.S. 23 near the Brighton City limits and along Grand River Avenue along west edge of the Township. Similarly, it is planned for the central ponion of the Township around School Lake. In the case of the single-family development in the Township, care must be taken to 76 �....--.... determine the precise suitability of the soils for septic tank use. As indicted in the Chapter on Environmental Resources, portions of this area contain some of the Township's poorer soil conditions. Adequate percolation must be established by the County Health Department before any ·urban type development is approved. Although a significant amount of the Township is planned for single-family residential land use, there is no reason why single-family development need be dull and unimaginative. For example, designing single-family units in small groups or clusters reduces lot sizes and increases common open space. The land area gained through the decrease in lot size can be used collectively for a park area available to residents of that subdivision. Another concept which adds flavor to single family neighborhoods is planned unit development. This incorporates a mixture of land uses such as single family housing, multiple-family housing, and common open spaces. This could create a slightly higher '. density than proposed for low density residential and at the same time establish an area with a variety of housing types. These new concepts should be encouraged in future single family development. Multiple-Family - 68 acres, 0.3 percent of the Township area, is proposed for MultipleFamily Residential development. This classification is designed to accommodate higher density residential land uses such as townhouses and garden apartments. An area where Multiple-Family Residential is proposed is south of Grand River Avenue around Pickerel Lake and Woodruff Lake. Development of this area is dependent upon adequate percolation for higher density housing units if a community sewer system is unfeasible. As mentioned previously, the Township's housing inventory should correspond to the needs of its present and potential residents. Certain segments of the population, such as the newly married and retired, find townhouses or garden apartment living most suited to their current needs. therefore, selected areas of the Township are proposed for MultipleFamily Residential development. The area of the Township which is recommended for Multiple-Family Residential is adjacent to existing or proposed intensive land uses of arterials for optimum traffic movement. It is imperative that only economically sound and attractive developments of multiple-family residential housing be allowed to locate within the Township. Brighton Township can exercise numerous land development controls to ensure that development of this type will be an asset to the community. One device is site plan review contained in 77 �the Zoning Ordinance which can be instrumental in controlling the quality of development. This type of review can be conducive to upgrading and increasing property values not only to Brighton Township but also to the developer. Mobile Home Residential - Mobile Home Residential land use, located around Woodland Lake, is also included on the Land Use Plan. One site is found southwest of the Lake, while the majority of designated land is northwest of the Lake. Other sites are at southeast quadrant of 1-96 and U.S. 23 Freeways (a Consent Degree site still vacant), and on north side of Grand River Avenue, westerly of Pleasant Valley Road. These areas, containing approximately 118 acres, are intended to accommodate existing mobile home park development and provide space for some increase of such land use in the Township. These sites are well suited to mobile home residential development. Access to this area is provided off a major thoroughfare - Hacker Road. It is also supported by the fact that there were very limited areas in which mobile home residential development would correspond to the existing character of the general area. Proximity to Woodland Lake further enhances development potential for such land use. Commercial As population increases in Brighton Township, so will the demand for commercial establishments. There will also be commercial growth in the community owing to the convenient access via the freeways and other major roads in the Township. Planning for commercial development must be based on an understanding of the different types of establishments, their locational requirements and the varying needs of their customers. The location of commercial land uses is an important consideration in the Land Use Plan because of their economic importance and their effect on traffic and neighboring land uses. Businesses should be grouped at planned locations in the Township in order to eliminate strip commercial activities. Linear strip commercial developments are outmoded and inappropriate, particularly in a community such as Brighton Township that has attracted many residents due to the rural and open space nature of the area. Strip commercial uses often result in shallow lot development which restricts the amount of desirable parking and loading area and requires shoppers to drive from one store to another, thus adding to the friction produced by traffic movement on the roads, as well as creating problems through increased interfacing with residential land uses. Furthermore, 78 �strip commercial development causes fluctuation in property values along highways because J of its speculative nature, and it also effects the aesthetic value of surrounding development. The Land Use Plan recognizes the need to distinguish between the characteristics of various commercial activities. Commercial land areas are located, therefore, according to their function. Consideration is also given to existing development, but with the intention of discouraging further strip commercial development. About 366 acres are proposed for , -, commercial use on the Land Use Plan. Space is thus provided for some of the diversified, competitive businesses and services sought by the residents as evidenced in the Community t .J Survey. Convenience Commercial - Convenience Commercial shopping is for the daily shopping ( .. needs of residents who live close to the stores. A convenience shopping area is usually anchored by a supermarket and contains a drugstore, laundromat, party store or other similar businesses. A convenience shopping area is proposed along Old U.S. 23 at Hyne Road. Another convenience center is proposed at the intersection of Old U.S. 23 and Spencer Roads. These centers, combined with services provided by the City of Brighton, will serve the convenience shopping needs of residents throughout the Township through the Year 2010. Communitv Shoppin~ - A second type of commercial development normally recognized by the Land Use Plan is a community shopping center. This type of shopping facility generally has a department store of general merchandise store with a cluster of smaller businesses. A community shopping center requires a larger population to serve and good highway access. However, as indicated in the Socio-Economic Chapter, these shopping needs are presently met, are within relatively convenient driving distance, and are anticipated to be met through the Year 2010 by services provided in the City of Brighton, City of Novi and other centers. General Commercial - These businesses serve passing motorists. Such uses include automobile service stations, and drive-in facilities, such as restaurants and car washes, motels and similar uses. The largest concentrations of General Commercial development are proposed along Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23. There is already substantial General Commercial development in these areas. 79 �Grand River Avenue, north of Hilton Road, also provides desirable sites for General Commercial development. Motorists wishing automobile service, motel rooms, eating places or other services will be attracted to such locations due to the drawing power of the City of Brighton and its proximity to an interchange with the I-96 Freeway. Office Commercial - The Office Commercial classification is intended to facilitate planned locations for grouped office facilities in an activity area of the Township. This is a preferred method of accommodating the potential need for office space instead of permitting such uses randomly throughout the Township. This classification, however, would permit commercial uses that are compatible with and related to office development subject to site plan review. One area is identified on the Plan for such use, that being located south of Spencer Road, east of Old U.S. 23. Office Commercial development need not have adverse effect on abutting residential uses. Because of this, such uses can be used as a transition between residential and general commercial uses, and between major thoroughfares and residential areas. Industrial Industry requires many special considerations on the part of the community before it will develop into a stable and sound land use. Among the most important prerequisites are utilities, good highways, abundant labor supply, availability of suitable land and proximity to markets. Brighton Township is in a good position to attract industrial expansion. The factors contributing to this are as follows: Fast and easy access via the I-96 and U.S. 23 Freeways for truck transportation, especially if improved interchange access is provided. - Presence of such major roads as Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23 traversing the industrial areas. - Availability of suitable land for industrial development. - Expanding labor force through an increase in population. - Proximity to industries in Livingston, Oakland, Genesee, Washtenaw and Wayne Counties. Three types of industrial areas are proposed m Brighton Township: Research and Development, General, and Specialized Industrial development. For the most part, the proposed industrial areas of the Township lie in the southern and south central portions of 80 7 �the community. r .•, r ..., ' Research and Development and Li~ht Industrial - There are 43 acres or about 0.2 percent of the Township consigned to this category. Industrial uses in this context are thought of as "clean" industry of a light, pleasant and nuisance free character. These are typified by small parts fabrication, research and development testing firms, laboratories or electronic firms. The physical appearance of these facilities is characterized by generous front and side yards, attractively designed buildings, landscaping and an overall neat, clean, unobtrusive appearance. These developments have high performance standards and may be clustered in industrial park type settings. Research and Development and Light Industrial land use is planned for the southern portion of the Township on the south side of 1-96 Freeway. In anticipation of an additional freeway interchange with U.S. 23, a second area for Research and Development and Light Industrial is proposed south of Hyne ( . Road, on the east side of Old U.S. 23. Other Research and Development and Light I Industrial areas are along north side of Grand River Avenue between Kensington Road and U.S. 23 Freeway. '; General Industrial - The proposed General Industrial area is primarily located in the southern portion of the Township, south of 1-96, and along Old U.S. 23 between Spencer !. and Hilton Roads. There are 201 acres, or 0.9 percent of Township recommended for this use. Access to the 1-96 and U.S. 23 Freeways is available through several major roads (Pleasant Valley and Spencer Roads) and it lies within easy commuting distance of the Ford Wixom Plant and other industrial uses. It is expected that automobile related industries and suppliers (e.g., Cars & Concepts) will tend to locate in Brighton Township and other outlying areas. Those industries that produce undesirable side effects should be strictly controlled by Brighton Township through use of industrial performance standards. Specialized Industrial - The General Motors Proving Ground (an automobile testing facility) presently occupies roughly 2,338 acres in the northeast portion of Brighton Township, extending to the east into Milford Charter Township in Oakland County. The nature of automotive testing is not such as to be a major income and employment generator -- rather it is a space consuming, specialized type of industrial activity with a very light "urbanizing" influence upon the community. So long as this use remains as such, only a 81 �limited amount of personnel in relation to its large area will be stationed or visiting the site, thus restricting potential in such areas as local service needs and income production. In its present form, the General Motors facility in Brighton township represents a rather stable but limited economic force. Public/Semi-Public For this category, containing approximately 490 acres, the majority of land is already occupied. The Public and Semi-Public uses will be discussed in the Community Facilities Plan Chapter. Public uses include Township offices, parks and schools. Future acreage needs and locations for semi-public land uses cannot be anticipated as these decisions are made by private groups each utilizing their own locational criteria. Certain semi-public uses like churches and cemeteries are shown as they also represent uses commonly included within this category and as their land use implications are generally related to nearby parcels. Recreation /Conservation If Brighton Township is to fulfill its increasing role as an optimum community environment with a full range of community services, recreation facilities are of utmost importance. Identification and preservation is of special importance since Brighton Township is endowed with natural recreational opportunities. The Land Use Plan incorporates an open space network- the Recreation/Conservation classification. It is necessary for a township to have lands available for recreational use, but it is also necessary to have land remain in its natural state untouched by any type of development. The value to the public of certain open areas of the Township is represented in their natural, undeveloped or unbuilt condition. It is recognized that the principal use of certain open areas is and ought to be the preservation. management an utilization of the natural resource base possessed by these areas. In order that this value may be maintained and this use encouraged, the Land Use Plan has established a district designed to regulate the density and location of buildings and structures and the use of parcels and lots, in order to protect and enhance the Township. Such assets are the Township's natural resources, natural amenities, natural habitats of wildlife, watershed and reservoir areas, public recreation areas, and the public health, safety and welfare. In do doing the Township may see a reduction of hardships and financial burdens imposed upon the Township through the 82 �wanton destruction of resources, the improper and wasteful use of open land, wooded areas and the periodic flooding and overflow of creeks and streams. Recreation Conservation areas are of extreme importance to a growing community. Not only do they meet the increasing opportunities afforded by increasing leisure time and are a source of health and pleasure, but also serve as a reminder that man can never put his natural habitat back. Approximately 3,185 acres or 14.6 percent of the Township's total land area is devoted to this category. , ' Rights-of-Way In Brighton Township, 1,849 acres of land were committed to this land use type. Such rights-of-way consist of the U.S. 23 Freeway and 1-96 Freeway, County and local roads, Hyne Airfield, and anticipated additional need of space for rights-of-way generated by future land development. It is recommended, however, that if Hyne Airfield is no longer I ' utilized as an airfield in future years, that it be developed along the lines of Suburban Residential use. Further discussion of future rights-of-way will be presented in the Trafficway Plan. Water Bodies Brighton Township contains many small lakes and various water courses consisting in r .• '·· total area of approximately 928 acres or 4.3 percent of the Township's overall land area. These figures are anticipated to remain relatively constant throughout the time span of the Land Use Plan. Conclusion Several basic influences have guided the development of the Plan: the existing land use pattern, the highway network, the feasibility of utility service areas, urban sprawl containment objectives, environmental limitations, land use proposals of adjacent municipalities and market dictates. However, as indicated in Table 21, more urban land beyond that projected as necessary through the urban land projection technique was provided. This technique is based on the premise of an ideal situation shielded from political, economic and environmental constraints. Its use lies in its function of projecting the minimum amount of land that can reasonably be anticipated to develop over a given period of time. Yet, other factors must be considered in land use plan development which 83 �will influence the amount of land provided. These factors as they penain to Brighton Township include the following: 1. Flexibilit,r. -- Ideally, when locating residential development in a land use plan, the amount of such proposed land use should closely correlate with anticipated population growth. However, it must also be understood that the ideals of land use planning do not necessarily correlate with the realities of zoning. For example, if several vacant areas appear to be competitive for future growth, because of such factors as potentially available utilities, proximity of existing development or good major road access, it is often infeasible from a zoning standpoint (i.e., considering the legal implications to limit growth to one of the areas just because population projections suggest that there will be sufficient land in that area alone to accommodate all future growth. Therefore, additional 2. acreage is necessary to provide a degree of flexibility in future land development. ' Neiihborhood Plannini, - Where appropriate and feasible, the Land Use Plan should encourage neighborhood-size residential developments. The neighborhood unit is an area which has all of the public facilities, services and other amenities required for family living. It is generally characterized by an elementary school or a park as a center. Ideally, no through traffic enters the area. It is thought of as an environment in which children and their parents ( or other age groups in some cases) can move freely and in safety without barriers to their activities. Anticipating sufficient acreage to accommodate viable neighborhood units may increase the amount of urban land provided. 3. Larie-Lot Residential Development. - Much of Brighton Township is suitable for only large-lot residential development so long as septic tanks provide the only means of sewage disposal which requires a larger land area. The Township also has significant areas of great natural beauty which can provide an excellent setting for this type of development. Moreover, an increasing number of families desire and can afford and appear to accept the expense of building and maintaining estate-type homes in semi-rural settings even considering building, land and energy costs. The Land Use Plan reserves specific areas for this type of development. 4. Natural Beauty and Recreation Areas. - Areas of natural beauty should be preserved wherever possible; and areas suitable for recreation should be 84 �,_.,_. _; -~ ' protected and intense development restricted. Development of such areas and adjacent areas should be controlled to reinforce the preservation of their natural character. Such a controlling device is providing additional acreage for development elsewhere in the Township. 5. Communitv Promotion. - to effectively service the needs and desires of Township residents while at the same time strengthening the Township's tax and employment base requires the promotion of a well planned and diversified economy. Often a community will attempt to attract additional commercial or industrial development if it finds itself lacking in this type of land use. This is I , I. done by providing more acreage for a particular use than it can reasonably expect to obtain. In this manner, a community can "advertise" that it desires a particular type of development and offers alternate sites for such development. f The foregoing Land Use Plan has suggested bow Brighton Township could develop. I l- This type of development and use of lands will not occur, however, if there are no guiding forces. Several methods may be used in conjunction to accomplish the basic measures of the Land Use Plan. These methods include: official adoption of the Land Use Plan, ,· Zoning Ordinance revisions, updated subdivision regulations, a capital improvements program, renewal of older areas, coordination of plans with other governmental agencies and the State, a program of public relations in order to make the general public aware of ( i • ·-~ the goals for Brighton Township, and encouragement to developers in the Township to adhere to the principles and objectives of the Land Use Plan. '· ~ 85 �-. TRAFFICWAY PLAN Introduction Highway systems and road patterns are developed to provide a fast and efficient means for the movement of people and goods within and through a community. Adequate transportation facilities are therefore a major consideration in a community's development. r ., Accessibility to other parts of a region is vital to the growth and development of all communities. As population increases and automobiles likewise increase, traffic problems j related to congestion and inadequate road design become apparent. Roadways are also a large land consumer. About 1,700 acres of Township land are used by rights-of-way. 24 It is of paramount importance that careful planning provide for the safe, congestion-free movement of people and goods. l , This study will examine existing highways, road patterns, air and rail facilities found in Brighton Township and the surrounding areas. Traffic volumes and traffic accident counts will be studied in order to determine the adequacy of the existing road systems and the location of any traffic hazards. Next, a future plan for transportation facilities is prepared to relate to proposed future land uses and the traffic generated from such ~ses. Existin~ Transportation Facilities Re~onal Settinfl Brighton Township is located in southeastern Livingston County. A significant amount of through traffic traverses the Township. Residents of municipalities west of Brighton Township traverse the Township when going into the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Regional traffic, between the Cities of Lansing, Howell, Ann Arbor and Flint also passes through the Township. Two freeways extending through Brighton Township, the 1-96 Freeway to Detroit and Lansing and the U.S. 23 Freeway to Flint and Toledo, are the principal carriers of this regional traffic. An interchange of the 1-96 and U.S. 23 Freeways is located within the southwestern part of the Township. 24 See Existing Land Use Analysis, Table 1, page 3. 86 �In addition. traffic also originates and has its destination within Brighton Township. Nearly 15,000 persons reside in the Township in 1990. In addition, there are numerous traffic generators in the Township, including: 7 . - Substantial residential development - Commercial and industrial uses developing along Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23 - Regional recreation facilities in Kensington Metropark Thus, not all roads provide the same function for carrying traffic. Motorists with their destination origins outside the Township will generally travel on regional thoroughfares. These highways are generally indicated as State routes and are engineered for fast moving traffic between major population centers. Roads which are designed to provide links between major land uses relating to employment, shopping and residential uses with the Township are considered as County Primary roads. Roads which provide access to abutting property are considered local roads. Re~onal Hiihways There are two regional freeways which traverse the Township, Interstate 96 and U.S. 23 Freeways. These major arterials provide quick access to other areas in the State. The I-96 Freeway connects the City of Detroit with the Cities of Lansing, Grand Rapids and Muskegon. The only U.S. trunk line route passing through Brighton Township is the U.S. 23 Freeway which connects the entire south central portion of the State with other regions via the freeway system. More specifically, the U.S. 23 Freeway connects Brighton Township directly with such population centers as Ann Arbor, Toledo and Flint. Approximately 5.8 miles of I-96 Freeway and 6.5 miles of U.S. 23 Freeway exist within Brighton Township (see Table 25). The traffic pattern in the Township is not limited to any major directional flow. Traffic evidence on these regional highways demonstrate heavy use in both north-south and east-west movements. There is one problem relating to regional highways in Brighton Township. This problem is one of accessibility to these arterials by Township residents. At present, local access to Brighton Township from I-96 is provided at Kensington Road, Pleasant Valley and Brighton Road (Main Street), and Grand River Avenue. However, there are no access points along that portion of U.S. 23 located in Brighton Township. One interchange is found north of the Township at M-59. The nearest junction south of Brighton Township 87 �is found in Green Oak Township at Lee Road. For a distance of approximately nine miles there are no interchanges. Thus, passenger or commercial vehicles destined for Brighton Township via U.S. 23 Freeway are without a direct means of entering the Township. This • I could impinge upon future business needing regional access from locating in the Township, r • the leading population and economic center of Livingston County. I ' Countv Primarv Roads The designation of a County Primary Road is made by using two criteria. The first I \.•., ,.., 1• is location ( e.g., they serve as connecting links between regional thoroughfares as well as other communities). A second criteria relates to the amount of traffic volume that may be carried by the road. r· The transportation network of any township would be adversely affected if it were without an adequate County Primary road system. The County Primary road system is established by the Livingston County Road Commission after approval by the Michigan Department of Transportation. By designating a road as part of the County I ' . Primary road system, the County can obtain Federal and State highway funds to help maintain said road. Table 25 lists County Primary roads. Taking an overall view of the County Primary road system in Brighton Township, a problem is the lack of unifonn road distribution and continuity. This is largely due to the Township's topography. The many lakes, pockets of muck soils and areas of steep slopes have produced circulation difficulties not evident in most southeastern ~1ichigan communities. These natural features impede straight-line road construction between traffic generators. Therefore, the typical grid street system, based on Section Line roads, is not possible. Few roads in Brighton Township continually follows any Section Line for any great distance. With the exception on Old U.S. 23 and Grand River Avenue, there are no direct north-south or east-west roads in the Township. Considerable meandering is required for anyone traveling in either direction. To some residents this discontinuity is an asset since through, transient traffic is reduced. Besides the topographic barriers to traffic movement evidenced in the Township, man-made barriers also present problems. Large land uses within the Township also prevent through traffic movement. In particular, Kensington Metropark and the General \1otors Proving Ground, located in the southeast and northeast portions of the Township respectively, are barriers to traffic movement. These two large land users also prevent an equal distribution of County Primary roads through the Township. Further, U.S. 23 88 �Freeway virtually divides the Township in half, thus preventing through traffic movement. County Local Roads Under the Michigan Highway Law, Act 51 of 1951, as amended, all roads under County jurisdiction other than Primary roads are considered County local roads. The County local roads are perhaps a more vital link in the transportation network than might be imagined. Obviously, if the local roads are in such poor condition as to impede good accessibility to the Primary roads, then the Primary roads and indeed the regional highways themselves are of reduced utility to the Township resident wishing to gain access to them. There are about 37.9 miles of County local roads in Brighton Township. As with the County Primary roads in the Township, their basic highway design problem is concerned· with road distribution and continuity. Trafficwav Characteristics The nature and effectiveness of any road system is governed by a number of factors, such as the condition of the road surface, traffic volumes and traffic accidents. All these factors are related when considering the adequacy of a road system. Surface Condition As noted above, there are roughly 12.3 miles of regional highways in the Township. The Constitution and statutes of the State of Michigan charge the Michigan Depanment of Transportation with the responsibility for planning, designing, and maintaining highway facilities within these rights-of-way. Data in Table 25 indicate the surface type of all County Primary and local roads in the Township. All together there are 31.5 miles of Primary Hardtop, eight miles of local hardtop and 29.9 miles of local gravel roads. There are no Primary Gravel roads in the Township. According to the Township's 1989 Community Survey results, nearly 81 percent of all the respondents felt that Township roads need improvement. Continual improvement and maintenance of the_County road network in Brighton Township is now and will be increasingly important as a greater traffic volume is experienced. 89 �... ' ' ' TABLE 2S ROAD INVENTORY BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP• ,-· . I - Road Designation '- Interstate Route Road Name 1-96 5.8 U.S. 23 TOTAL Primarv Hardtop I-~ I Commerce Grand River Hacker Hyne Jacoby Kensington Old U.S. 23 Pleasant Valley Spencer Stobart TOTAL Primarv Gravel None Local Hardtop Buno Culver Flint Hilton Legion Drive Pleasant Valley '. ' ' TOTAL Local Gravel Road Length (Miles) Buno Clark Lake Commerce Corlett Ford Hunter Labadie Larkins Mayfield McClements Muir Newman Pleasant Valley Seitz Skeman Spencer Taylor Van Amberg TOTAL TOTAL MILEAGE ~ 12.3 1.5 4.0 13 5.0 0.8 4.0 6.3 4.2 2.7 ...Ll 31.5 0.6 2.5 1.0 2.1 0.3 _Ll 8.0 3.8 0.8 1.4 1.0 0.3 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.1 1.5 1.8 0.4 0.6 2.4 13 ...1J '.!9.9 81.7 • Livingston County Road Commission, Livingston County Official Road Map, 1978. 90 �Traffic Accidents Large traffic volumes on paved or gravel roads do not necessarily mean such roads will become greater traffic hazards. The ability of any road to carry larger volumes of traffic is related to engineering design of the road, number of moving lanes, and number of ingress and egress points along the highway. However, larger volumes of traffic tend to accentuate traffic hazards. Table 26 shows the location of multiple accidents at road intersections during 1989.25 In the entire calendar year, there were 203 injury and/ or property damage accidents. There were no fatality accidents. Traffic accidents on the County road system within the Township also correspond closely to traffic volumes. Grand River Avenue, Old U.S. 23, Spencer Road, Pleasant Valley Road and ramps between U.S. 23 and 1-96 Freeways were most cited. The majority of the County road accidents which took place in the Township were rear-end collisions or vehicles which could not negotiate turns along bends in the road. Further, the greatest number of accidents occurred during periods of bad weather where slick or icy roads were evident. Traffic Volumes Traffic volume data for Brighton Township roads, where such data is available, is presented in Table 27. The most recent average daily traffic (ADT) counts during recent years for these roads are presented. All ADT data for 1-96 and U.S. 23 are as of 1979. As may be expected, 1-96 and U.S. 23 Freeways in Brighton Township carry the greatest volumes of traffic. Most County roads in Brighton Township are two-lane facilities. A significant question is how great must the traffic be on these roads to justify more than two lanes. Each road should be individually studied to accurately answer this question. Typically, however, a road that presently handles over 12,000 vehicles per day should be considered for expansion to four lanes. As evidenced by data in Table 26, Grand River Avenue is well above this level (and appropriately portions of Grand River are four lanes). Old U.S. 23 has reached this traffic volume plateau in vicinity of Grand River Avenue. Spencer Road also carries a significant amount of traffic. These roads should be given special attention in the Trafficway Plan. 25 Data from Livingston County Road Commission, October 1990. 91 �TABLE 26 INTERSECTIONAL ACCIDENT INCIDENCE BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1989• INTERSECTION ' , L. FATALITY A~~IDENTS PROPERTY INJURY DAMAGE TOTAL Grand River /Hilton 0 7 23 30 Old U.S. 23/Grand River 0 4 14 18 Grand River/WB Ramp I-96 0 4 17 21 Hyne/Old U.S. 23 0 6 7 13 Grand River/Hacker 0 4 8 u Grand River /Pleasant Valley 0 2 2 4 SB U.S. 23/EB I-96 0 1 9 10 Spencer /Buno 0 l 8 9 SB U.S. 23/WB I-96 0 4 5 9 Grand River /Herbst 0 2 6 8 Old U.S. 23/Hilton 0 1 6 7 Grand River /Leland 0 3 4 7 WB I-96/NB U.S. 23 0 3 3 6 Spencer/Van Amberg 0 1 5 6 Old U.S. 23/Spencer 0 1 6 Old U .S. 23/Taylor 0 2 5 4 6 EB I-96/Pleasant Valley 0 3 3 6 NB U.S. 23/WB 1-96 0 1 4 5 SB U.S. 23/EB I,96 0 2 3 5 WB 1-96/SB U.S. 23 0 2 3 5 Old U.S . 23/Webber 0 0 5 5 Grand River/Pine Ranch 0 2 3 5 Total 0 147 203 (in Brighton Township) j \ .. I - t ' ~ 56 • ~ichael Gory!, Livingston County Road Commission, November 1990. Accidents as of Year 1989. 92 �TABLE 27 AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC (ADT) COUNTS BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1978-1989• COUNTY PRIMARY ROADS AND STATE TRUNKLINES ROAD a Bend.ix Bend.ix Buno Commerce Commerce Commerce Culver Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Grand River Hacker Road Hacker Road Hilton Road Hilton Road Hilton Road Hilton Road Hilton Road Hilton Road Hilton Road Hunter Road Hunter Road Hunter Road Hyne Road Hyne Road Hyne Road Hyne Road Hyne Road Hyne Road Hyne Road I-96 1-90 [-96 !-96 1-96 1-96 1-96 INTERSECTION CROSS ROAD 24 HR TRAFFIC YEAR SOURCE East West North West Of Grand River Of Hacker Of Spencer Of Pleasant Valley County Line · Of Pleasant Valley Of Spencer Of Hacker Of Herbst Of Herbst Of Hilton Of Hilton Of 1-96 Of Kensington Of Kensington Of Kinvon Of Ola' U.S. 23 Of Old U.S. 23 Of Pleasant Valley Of Pleasant Valley Of Grand River Of Hvne Of Flint Of Flint Of Grand River Of Hunter Of Hunter Of Legion Of Old U.S. 23 Of Christine Of Hilton Of Hvne Of Corlett Of Hacker Of Hunter Of Hunter Of Old U.S. 23 Of Old U.S. 23 Of Pleasant Valley Of Grand River Of Kensington Of Pleasant Valley Of Spencer Of U.S. 23 Of U.S. 23 Of Spencer 1979 1979 1988 1989 1979 1979 1988 1986 1989 1989 1989 1986 1983 1989 1987 1986 1986 1988 1987 1987 1989 1989 1989 1980 1989 1989 1989 1979 1989 1988 1989 1988 1978 1979 1983 1987 1989 1989 1979 1986 1984 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission MDOT Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission MOOT MDOT MOOT MOOT MOOT MOOT MOOT At East South South East West North South North East West West East West East West North North West East East East West West West North North South West East East North East West West East East East West East West East 1761 1443 1509 364 910 771 2959 31687 22402 23832 24033 30862 8093 4869 3605 16103 14722 18088 7874 10968 7239 2166 6863 3706 6955 6276 7173 6896 6513 963 2650 1016 1301 1950 1759 2821 2372 3238 1113 44753 42900 75519 65556 70637 56786 32778 . Livingston County Planning Commission. September 1990 a. County Primary Roads and State Trunklines 93 �. -' I ' TABLE 27 (Continued) AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC (ADT) COUNTS BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1978-1989• , ..... 1-i --~ COUNTY PRIMARY ROADS AND STATE TRUNKLINES .. I : ' ) ,~ ,..., I I ' I ,-I ' l I ' • - ROAD a INTERSECTION CROSS ROAD 24 HR TRAFFIC YEAR SOURCE 1-96 L On Ramp 1-96 L On Ramp I-96 Off Loop I-96 Off Loop I-96 Off Loop I-96 Off Ramp I-96 Off Ramp I-96 Off Ramp 1-96 Off Ramp I-96 Off Ramp 1-96 Off Ramp I-96 Off Ramp I-96 Off Ramp I-96 On Ramp 1-96 On Ramp I-96 On Ramp I-96 On Ramp 1-96 On Ramp I-96 On Ramp 1-96 On Ramp 1-96 On Ramp I-96 On Ramp Jacoby Jacoby Kensington Kensington Kensington Kensington Kensington Kensington Kensington Kensington Kensington Kensington Kinyon Lee McClements Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Old U.S. 23 Northbound From Southbound From Eastbound To Westbound To Southbound To Eastbound To Westbound To Eastbound To Westbound To Westbound To Northbound To Northbound To Southbound To Eastbound From Westbound From Eastbound From Westbound From Eastbound From Eastbound From Westbound From Northbound From Southbound From West East North South Over North South North North North North South South East West North South North South North South North Between North South South U.S. 23 U.S. 23 Spencer Spencer U.S. 23 Grand River Grand River Kensington Kensington Pleasant Valley U.S. 23 U.S. 23 U.S. 23 Grand River Grand River Kensington Kensington Pleasant Valley Spencer Spencer U.S. 23 U.S. 23 Of Kensington Of Pleasant Valley Of Grand River Of Grand River 1-96 Of Jacoby Of Jacoby Of Kensington Park Of Larkins Of Spencer Of Stobart Of Stobart Of Grand River Of Rickett Of Old U.S. 23 Of Grand River Of Grand River Of Hilton Of Hilton Of Hyne Of Hyne Of McClements Spencer Of Spencer Of Spencer Of Taylor 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1898 1989 1898 1989 1983 1989 1982 1982 1989 1989 1982 1979 1979 1986 1986 1986 1989 1986 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1986 1986 1989 1989 1978 MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT MDOT Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission 9135 9003 2007 4762 4442 3720 6943 2221 3313 2789 1146 9627 9000 6556 3331 3618 2001 2228 4591 1985 4050 1192 1561 1095 9716 1400 3934 3663 4077 2889 4894 4345 1513 4502 1m 7230 421 12218 15340 11162 11036 7979 7986 6622 11907 11201 10965 3440 94 �TABLE 27 (Continued) AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC (ADT) COUNTS BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, 1978-1989• COUNTY PRIMARY ROADS AND STATE TRUNK.LINES ROAD a INTERSECTION CROSS ROAD 24 HR TRAFFIC YEAR SOURCE Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Pleasant Valley Seventh Seventh Skeman Spencer Spencer Spencer Spencer Spencer Spencer Spencer Spencer Stobart Stobart Stobart Taylor U.S. 23 Whitmore Lake North South South North North South North South North South North South North South North South East East East West East East West East West West East West North South South Of Buno OfBuno Of Commerce Of Grand River Of Hyne Of Hyne Of 1-96 Of 1-96 Entrance Of Jacoby Of Jacoby Of Larkins Of Newman Of Spencer Of Spencer Of Brighton Of Brighton Of Old U .S. 23 Of Culver Of Kenicott Of Kenicott Of Old U.S. 23 Of Old U.S. 23 Of Old U.S. 23 Of Pleasant Valley Of Pleasant Valley Of County Line Of Kensington Of Labadie Of Hyne Of 1-96 Of Grand River 1980 1980 1989 1987 1979 1979 1987 1987 1986 1983 1981 1986 1982 1982 1989 1989 1986 1988 1985 1985 1989 1987 1989 1982 1982 1983 1986 1979 1989 1989 1979 Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission Road Commission MDOT Road Commission 1605 1859 1569 4059 1010 1181 3129 4254 642 2958 1794 381 2072 1525 299 2611 544 8119 3927 4862 10300 9430 11605 400 2438 1689 3474 2125 432 22493 10544 95 �Rail and Air Facilities Rail Facilities There is one rail facility serving Township property located in the extreme southwestern section of the Township. This line, under the direction of the CSX Railroad, bas approximately one mile of track in the Township. From a major junction point in Plymouth, Michigan. this line travels through the Township towards the City of Lansing and the City of Grand Rapids. CSX, through its subsidiary lines, serves much of the State of Michigan. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia. Via a line across southern Ontario, CSX also has connections at Buffalo, New York and the East Coast. Air Facilities r , There are currently no public airport facilities in Brighton Township. One small private airfield is located in the Township. Hyne Field, containing approximately 49 acres, is located in the northwestern portion of the Township proximate to Hyne and Hunter Roads. The airfield is surrounded by single-family homes and several large subdivisions. Trafficwav Plan The purpose of the Transportation Plan is to develop a system of trafficways that \\,ill adequately provide for Trafficway needs of residents of Brighton Township. Because of its permanent character, the existing road system must form the base for the future highway network and be based upon a set of recognized road standards. However, consideration must also be given to future land use patterns, the amount and type of traffic that will be generated by the land uses, correction of existing traffic hazards, and plans to the Michigan Department of Transportation, Livingston County Road Commission and road priorities set by the Township. A discussion of the elements outlined above follow. Standards The standards for the various types of roads correspond to those established by the Livingston County Road Commission. Chart 1 indicates the recommended road crosssection standards for Brighton Township. 96 �•• CHART 1 RECOMMENDED ROAD CROSS-SECITON STANDARDS BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP, LIVINGSTON COUNTY* r 16 1 -17' ~.I 33, 12 1 :t 12 1 16 1 -17 1 33 1 I Roads with curbs shall have 30' pavement face to face curb. LOCAL STREET 26 1 26 1 · (Parking Prohibited) MAJOR THOROUGHFARE 30 1 ~o· la' I 12' 12' I~ 30 1 50' (Parking Prohibited) SECONDARY THOROUGHFARE 86' k[,,· 1,,· o' 30' I,,· I,,· 1~ 0 . (Parking Prohibited) LIMITED ACCESS FREEWAY • Livingston County Road Commission, October 1990; Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., October 1990. 97 �The Livingston County Road Commission has established a policy of requiring at least 120 feet of road right-of-way width on all County Primary Roads. A 120 feet of road rightof-way width is also required on some County Local roads. 26 Culver, Bu.no, Larkin, Muir, Taylor and parts of Hunter Road have a right-of-way width of 100 feet. All subdivision streets are required to have a 66 foot right-of-way. The Livingston County Road < ......, Commission is requiring these road rights-of-ways so that when traffic increases and a I ~ County road must become multiple lane, a public right-of-way will exist. Brighton Township should require building setbacks that will coincide with these present County requirements. r .. Near Future Plans Commensurate with identifying existing trafficway characteristics and recommending road cross section standards is a need to define potential alterations to the existing road ) system. By incorporating future road improvements into the Trafficway Plan, Brighton Township may better program a Year 2010 road network in a coordinated and comprehensive manner. An assessment of future road improvements desired for Brighton Township is discussed below. Michigan Department of Transportation - The Michigan Department of Transportation (MOOT) has scheduled certain road construction projects for Livingston County which are to commence in 1991. The only improvement in the Township will be resurfacing of U.S. 23 Freeway between a point south of 1-96 north to M-59, a distance of 8.2 miles. In MDOT's 1990-1998 Long Range Highway Program to improve and expand roads, the only projects in or near Brighton Township are: ' ' 1. Resurfacing 1-96 Business Loop east of City of Howell to 1-96. (1991) 2. Intersection improvements at 1-96 Business Loop and Latson Road. (1991) 3. Protective purchase of right of way for future 4-lane boulevard for M-59 between 1-96 and U.S. 23 Freeways. (12.3 miles) 4. Widening (to 6 lanes) and resurfacing of 1-96 from Dorr Road to U.S. 23 interchange (6 miles). These roads include Labadie, part of Spencer, part of Van Amberg, Corlett, Maxfield, part of Hunter and McClements Roads. 26 98 �• • 5. Reconstruction of interchange at 1-96 and Milford Road. 27 MDOT, in association with the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG), is continuing to evaluate merits of a new interchange and bridge improvements ,. ; along U.S. 23 Freeway. As far back as 1976 when the then Inter-County Highway Commission of Southeastern Michigan, in cooperation with the Livingston County Road Commission and Brighton Township, requested MDOT to consider a new interchange at the Hilton/Jacoby location, there has been continued interest. Most recently in 1989, MDOT asked SEMCOG to create and calibrate a traffic model using updated traffic counts from the Livingston County Road Commission. This work was completed and accepted by MDOT on March 23, 1989.28 Options being considered for freeway improvements include an interchange at Hyne Road and U.S. 23 Freeway, an interchange at Hilton Road with extension of Hilton Road from Old U.S. 23 to Jacoby Road, a full interchange being built at 1-96/Pleasant Valley Road, and a grade separation for Hilton Road_over U.S. 23 Freeway with a new 2-lane road from Old U.S. 23 to Van Amberg Road. Some right-of-way has been acquired at the Hilton/Jacoby location. MOOT expects to shortly meet with the Township to develop plans in greater detail. It is hoped that one or more of these improvements can be incorporated into MDOTs 10 year long range program. Livingston County Road Commission - The Livingston County Road Commission schedules future road improvements based upon available funding and priorities. No specific improvement schedule is available for Brighton Township at this time. Brighton Township - According to the Brighton Township 1989 Community Survey, the predominant feeling was that local Township roads and County roads are just not adequately maintained and most need improvement. Whereas the selection of County Primary roads for improvements or construction is primarily the choice of County government (with solicitation of opinions from local units government and with public hearings held under Act 150, P.A 1976 at which time a person has a chance to input on 27 Marsha Small, Community Coordination and Federal Compliance Section, MDOT, Nov. 13, 1990; 1990-1998 Long Range Highway Program - Improve/Expand Core Projects, MDOT, May 17, 1990. 28 William D. Swanson, Project and Plan Development Section, Bureau of Transportation Planning, MDOT, November 1990. 99 • 1 �_: any proposed project), the selection of local roads for construction is primarily the choice of the Township government. Livingston County Road Commission policy for local road construction requires the Township to provide 100 percent of the funding. Primary road construction is financed from Livingston County Road Commission funds. B r i g h t o n Township does not have specific road and intersection priorities that are in need of improvement. Virtually all of the Township's major roads require improvement . ..... Plannini: Recommendations The Brighton Township Trafficway Plan was developed to handle the transponation needs of the Township in the Year 2010. The planning recommendations contained herein , ,, are designed to reflect plans of the Livingston County Road Commission and the Michigan Department of Transponation where available. The planning recommendations are shown on Map 5 (following Page 137). A discussion on the plan components are discussed below. Freeways Freeways are pan of a nationwide system of limited access highways designed to carry transient traffic around, through or between urban centers with a minimum of conflict with local traffic. They have one function - to carry large volumes of traffic at maximum speeds. ,. They are multilaned and do not provide direct access to abutting propenies. The few intersections that are provided are generally grade separations that allow traffic to flow without interruption from other traffic control systems. The Freeway is perhaps the most desirable method of moving inter-regional traffic. However, traffic volumes in many instances will not warrant the expense of providing this type of facility. Therefore, some inter-regional .traffic must use major thoroughfares for travel. Brighton Township benefits by the presence of the U.S. 23 Freeway and the I-96 Freeway. The Trafficway Plan does not recommend any changes or improvements for either the U.S. 23 Freeway or 1-96 Freeway other than interchange improvements. The Plan recommends that a Hilton/Jacobv Road interchani:e be constructed in companion with the Jacoby Road extension (see Major Thoroughfare section below). Over two thirds of the respondents to the 1989 Community Survey desired an interchange with the U.S. 23 Freeway at various spots along its length located in the Township, 33% of total desiring an interchange at the Hilton/Jacoby alignment, 18.8 percent at Hyne Road. The proposed 100 �intersection location was chosen for several reasons. Such a location is proximate to the existin ~ major residential and business community base in Brighton Township and would be convenient in serving this area. Secondly, interchanges frequently act as a catalyst to intensive land use development. The proposed Comprehensive Development Plan demonstrates the intent of the Township to confine most of the land development towards the southwestern quadrant. Land use proposals for the northern area of the Township are categorized for agricultural and low density residential development. Installing an interchange near these areas will tend to act against preserving these less intensive land uses. In sum, the proposed site is desireable.29 The existing Pleasant Valley Road/1-96 interchange is also proposed for improvement. Presently, westbound 1-96 traffic may exist at Pleasant Valley Road, while this junction permits only Pleasant Valley traffic to exist east onto 1-96. It is recommended that this interchange also provide a westbound exit onto 1-96 and eastbound entrance ramp onto Pleasant Valley Road from 1-96. Major Thorou~hfares A Major Thoroughfare is often multilaned to provide for large volumes of traffic. Their main function is to carry large volumes of traffic between major land uses in the County, such as traffic between residential homes and industrial (employment) areas. They also provide access to the freeways and often augment the freeway when traffic volumes bern:een regions are not heavy enough to warrant a freeway. Route continuity is an important factor. Access to abutting land uses should be by means of a frontage or marginal access roads. The Major Thoroughfare designation on the Trafficway Plan is generally consistent with the major arterials recommended by the Livingston County Road Com.mission. There are presently three existing Major Thoroughfares with an east-west orientation; Grand River Avenue, Spencer Road and Hyne Road. Jacoby (Hilton) Road should also become a major thoroughfare due to its proposed interchange with the U.S. 23 Freeway. In addition, at present there is no direct continual east-west Major Thoroughfare near the The Hilton/ Jacoby Road interchange recommendation is also founded on the construction and extension of Jacoby Road between Pleasant Valley Road and Old U.S. 23. Should this not occur, alternative sites for interchange development with the U.S. 23 Freeway should be evaluated. Future possibilities for interchange development include Spencer Road to the south and Hyne Road in the north. 29 101 I I .l �• • center of the Township. Vehicles must either travel north to Hyne Road or south to Spencer Road for this purpose. Extending Jacoby Road across to.join Hilton Road would serve this end and help to reduce north-south traffic volumes on such roads as Pleasant Valley, Spencer and Old U.S. 23. Five routes are designated to act as Major Thoroughfares in a north-south orientation. They include Kensington Road, Pleasant Valley Road, Van Amberg/Maxfield Roads, Old U.S. 23 and Flint/Hunter Roads. No major thoroughfare additions are proposed for these ' ... ,... roads. Seconda:r:y Thorou~hfares Secondary Thoroughfares move traffic on a Township-wide basis and act as principal feeder routes to the Major Thoroughfares. Their main function is to carry large volumes of traffic and as a secondary function to provide access to abutting properties. There are two roads provided as Secondary Thoroughfares. Buno Road, Culver Road, Labadie Road and Spencer Road (between Kensington and Labadie Roads) are illustrated on Map 5 as the only Secondary Thoroughfares. These roads will facilitate east-west travel for the residents of the agricultural areas south of the General Motors Proving Ground property and residential areas south of Jacoby, as extended, and west of Van Amberg Road. ,., Collectors These roads are short in length and collect traffic within residential neighborhoods and channel it to the Major and Secondary Thoroughfares. Local property access should be only a secondary function of Collector streets. The roads proposed as Collectors include Muir Road, a segment of Van Amberg Road, Taylor Road, Larkins Road and that portion of Hunter Road between Hyne and McClements Roads. These roads will experience greater traffic volumes than other local roads. Taylor Road is shO\\'Il with a realigned configuration at its junction with Hyne Road. This is reflective of the current thinking of the Livingston County Road Commission. The remainder of the existing and future road systems would be designated as local streets to provide direct access to abutting property. The movement of traffic is a secondary function and through traffic should be discouraged from using these streets. 102 �Conclusion The Trafficway Plan shows an efficient system of roads by function and recommends .J several route relocations which, if substantially accomplished, will allow for greater ease of movement of people and goods within and through Brighton Township. The Plan is practical, being based on the existing transportation system and on proposals of State and regional agencies having the power to plan new roads. It is hoped that the agencies will give consideration to the Brighton Township's Comprehensive Development Plan when making decisions affecting traffic movement in or near the Township. 103 �COMMUNI1Y FACILITIES PLAN Introduction .-- A developing community bas recurring needs for new and improved community facilities and services. Community facilities are those facilities in public or private ownership which are provided for the benefit of community residents. As vital components ' .. \ ' ~ of the urban structure, community facilities add to the quality of life. Some facilities such as schools and police and fire protection are necessities while others, such as higher education institutions and cultural facilities (i.e., libraries, museums), are important and contribute to the desirability of the community as a place to live. Regardless of type, proper location and size of these facilities results in cost savings and optimum utilization. Thus, in order to insure that available resources are best utilized to the benefit of the taxpayer and the municipality alike, it is necessary to develop a well planned program for the development of services and facilities for public officials involved in the decision-making t. . process. This study is an analysis of basic data concerning the existing facilities serving Brighton Township. Community facilities analyzed include schools, police and fire protection, government administrative offices and libraries. A recreation inventory of indoor and outdoor facilities is also provided with identification of the facilities in and accessible to the Township. These facilities are reviewed as to their location and adequacy based on recommended standards developed by national agencies. These standards have been modified, wherever necessary, to more closely reflect the needs of Brighton Township. The Community Facilities Plan is coordinated conjunction with the Land Use Plan and Socio-Economic Study as future needs are estimated not only from existing population and development, but also according to future land use proposals and future estimates of population. Based on the analysis in this study, the Community Facilities Plan discusses the ability of these facilities to meet current needs and also recommendations relative to satisfying the Year 2010 needs of the Township residents. Facility Service Areas Within this study it will be necessary to evaluate each type of community facility in terms of its optimum size service area. This procedure will determine if a facility is adequate to meet future needs and what the magnitude of the future need will be. If a 104 �•• facility is currently serving that area, it must be detetmined how adequately the facility is currently servicing that area, and what the future need of that area will be. Two primary levels of service will be utilized in this study: the neighborhood and the Township, each of which is described below. The Nei2hborhood Every family understands to some extent the importance of the physical setting of its homes. However, the housing environment comprises an area greater in size than just the physical confines of the dwelling unit. It extends into area within which residents may all share common services, activities and facilities required in the vicinity of the dwelling. The geographic unit which includes those community facilities and conditions is the neighborhood. The size of a neighborhood is governed by the area required for its land use components; by the population required to support necessary community facilities and services; by the accessibility of such facilities and by the existence of suitable physical boundaries. The area and population which can be served by an elementary school form a reasonable basis for the size of a neighborhood. The neighborhood population will usually fall within a range of 2,000 (in rural areas) to 8,000 (in developed areas) persons. The geographic size of the neighborhood is limited by accessibility to the elementary school. Ideally, in urban areas, schools should be within one-half mile walking distance of each dwelling. This distance criterion does not hold true in suburban and rural areas of low density where school buses are used to service a greater geographic area. The existence of viable neighborhoods is a strong force for the development of individual and family life. Its acceptance implies that adequate housing does not solely consist of individual homes no matter how well planned or located. The neighborhood should be a self-contained residential area including the elements which comprise the housing environment. In addition to residential facilities these may include the following features: 1. Elementary School 2. Neighborhood Recreation (often shared with the elementary school site). 3. Local Streets (to discourage through traffic). In addition to these services usually provided on the neighborhood level, there has been a trend in recent years in urban areas toward orienting public facilities traditionally provided on a community-wide basis to the neighborhood level such as social service centers 105 �and neighborhood "municipal halls." However, in an existing suburban setting such as Brighton Township, the sparsity of development and accompanying low population densities negate the necessity of these services. The Township The Township unit is the other service area of community facilities. It is the unit of analysis for community facilities which serve all residents of the Township and which have to be evaluated in terms of their present service. Future facilities designed to serve Township residents should be planned so that they will provide for the maximum level of service to each resident. School Facilities Four school districts share jurisdiction over Brighton Township. These school districts and schools contained therein proximate to Brighton Township are shown on Map 4, Brighton Township Area School District Map. They are: Brighton Area Schools, Huron Valley Schools, Howell Public Schools and Hartland Consolidated Schools . . The Brighton Area School District incorporates roughly the southern two-thirds of Brighton Township's land area. The Howell Public School District encompasses land proximate to Clark Lake and Woodland Lake. Hartland Community School District primarily contains acreage north of Newman Road, east of Hunter Road. The Huron Valley School District includes only a small portion of non-residential land north of Stobart Road, east of Kensington Road which is part of the General Motors Proving Ground property. Since 1980, when the last Township Plan was prepared, there have been some district boundary changes as follows: 1. Property transfer to provide that all of north half of Section 6 to be in the Hartland Consolidated School District, and all of south half of Section 6 to be in the Howell Public School District. (Effective January 1989) 2. Property transfer to provide certain land north of Greenbrier, between Old. U.S. 23 and U.S. 23 Freeway to be in the Hartland Consolidated School District rather than in the Brighton Area School District. (Effective August 1989) Within Brighton Township itself are four school plants. Spencer Elementary School, located in the vicinity of Spencer and Van Amberg Road and the new Hilton Road elementary school on Hilton Road west of Old U.S. 23 are under the control of Brighton 106 �. I Area School District, whereas Lakes Elementary School and the Farms Middle School, both situated on Taylor Road south of Bitten Lake, are under the jurisdiction of Hanland Consolidated School District. Community planners are basically concerned with physical aspects of the school system. These include the location of schools, site size, student capacity and structural adequacy. Evaluation of the public schools within the service area of Township students will be made on the basis of these physical aspects. The importance of schools in the community was reflected in the Community Survey in 1989 when respondents stated that good schools were the most important aspects of Brighton Township based upon the two highest priority choices. 30 Existing Conditions Table 28 describes existing public school facilities available to Township residents and conditions of each. Map 3 shows those schools located in the Township. Data presented in Table 28 are discussed below. Grade Structure - There are variations which exist between different school districts. Among them is the organization of the school system which ( excluding kindergarten) may be divided into an 8-4, 6-3-3 or 5-3-4 grade system, or even a 6-3-3-2 system in which a junior college program is introduced into the traditional 12-grade organization. The grade structure systems offered to Brighton Township residents illustrate the variations. Brighton Area Schools utilize a 5-3-4 format which provides for the elementary school (K-5), middle school (6-8) and high school (9-12) organization. Howell Public Schools utilize the K-5, 6-8, 9-12 grade structure system. Hartland Community Schools use a 5-3-4 grade structure system which provides for an elementary school (K-5), a middle school (6-8) and high school (9-12). Regardless of grade structure type, a desirable criteria for any particular school is that it contain all the grades intended for that type of school. As indicated in Table 28, the Latson Road Elementary School, does not meet this criterion. Also, only grades 1-5 are available at Lakes Elementary School. However, beginning with the 1990-1991 school year, it will offer grades 1-6 instruction. 30 Brighton Township Community Survey. Question 11, November 1989. 107 �• BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT MAP ,1. ! • I 1_; '· J ,i I ;·· I I_, \ __ N Brandon M. Rogers &Associates,P.C. ffi 0 ½ 1 January 1991 2 ---MILES 3 \l.\P 3 �_, Age of Structure/Structural Condition - Age is one indicator of the structural quality of a school structure. As a school ages, it facilities become run-down or obsolete and may eventually warrant replacement. As data in Table 28 demonstrate, most of the school buildings were constructed or renovated during the last decade. Several school plants have original construction dates prior to this time period but have had additions thereafter. With a $4.8 million bond issue approved in 1987 the Brighton Area School District upgraded all of its schools to code. By the Year 2010, those schools, or portions thereof, constructed before or in the early 1950's will be approximately 60 years old. It is important that the condition of those school structures in particular, as well as the others be constantly evaluated and, as is warranted, be replaced. At present, all school buildings are reported as being in sound condition. Existing Enrollments and Capacities - Enrollments and capacities play a crucial role in the determination of the adequacy of existing school facilities. It is undesirable to have the enrollment of the school exceed the capacity of the school at which it can efficiently operate. At the same time, it is not only inefficient for a school to operate far below capacity but it is uneconomical as well because of the fixed costs involved. Data in Table 28 reveals that four elementary schools serving Brighton Township children are over capacity (Horning, Lindbom and Spencer Elementaries in Brighton Area School District, and La.tson Road Elementary in Howell Public School District). One middle school is over capacity, McPherson Middle School in the Howell District. The three high schools serving Township children are all under capacity. School Standards The ability of existing school facilities to handle future enrollment can be evaluated through the application of school standards in conjunction with the criteria and judgments of School District officials. School standards set forth the minimum desirable requirements which school facilities and sites should meet to assure maximum operational efficiency and quality educational services to students. These standards indicate optimum enrollment sizes for schools, desirable site sizes, and the maximum service area for elementary schools, where bussing is not desirable. 108 _J l J �.. l ,. .. TABLE 18 EXISTING PUBLIC SCHOOL FACILITIES AVAILABLE TO BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS. 1990- 9/ 0 ~ ll.BlG.HTQt:1. ARE.i SCHQQLSb } . Homw,g Road Eltmmtary 1. Ha111ki11s E/ememary 1. li11dbom Elementary 4. Spencer Elememary 5. Hilto11 Road E/eme11tary 6. Mil/tr Killdergartt11 Center 7. Scranto,, Middle School 8. Maltby Middle S chool 9. Brighton High S chool GradtJ l'ear Built 1- 5 J- 5 1- 5 1- 5 1- 5 Pre- School, K. A- Educ. 5- Bc 1977 1959, 1968 /950, 1968, 1987 Structural Co11ditio11 Academic Classrooms Sitt Si:t E11rol/me11ta 16 16 16 16 591 50/ 5/J 571 11 50 597 57/ 667 1,519 Capacity 1Mm1 1951. 1987 /910 , /9./0, 1950. 1968 1978 1961, 1971, 199/ Sow,d Sow1d Sow,d Sound Sow,d Sound Sow,d Sow,d Sow,d JOO lf.AR[LAND COti..SQLID.~[EQ S.C.fi.QQLSd K- 5 10. lakes Elementary 6- 8 II. Farms Middle School 9- 11 /1. Hartland High School 1977, 1990 1977, 1990 1971, 1990 Sow,d So,md Sound 16 474 516 11 J9 717 945 849 45 45 1,040 40 lf.QWEU. PUBLK. Kli.QQL~ JJ. Latso11 Road Elementary 14. McPherso,, Middlt School 15. Howell High School 19S0 196./, 1971 1980 Sound So,u,d Sow,d 10 51 JOO 601 754 1,615 600 700 1.000 10 15 146 6-8 9- /1 K- 41 5- 8 9- 11 /974 /991 u 14 550 550 500 550 500 600 615 765 1,100 10 40 10 JO 11 /0 JO 10 75 HURON VALLEY SCHOQLs_l Qoes 1101 jnd11dt Rrsidt11tial Artas of Brieli1Q11 [owmlrio witlri11 Qistrict bmmdarin • Compila1io11 by Brandon M . Rogers & Associates, P.C.. January 1991. •rourth Friday Coun1s, Septemb~r 1990 b Data from Marilyn Goodsman, Director of Communications & Partnerships, Brighton Area Schools, January 1991; also Application for Preliminary Qualification of Bonds, Brighton Area Sch, November 22, 1989. '51h Grade 10 be moved out'of Middle School when new elementary school is built on High School site in 1992. "Data from Scoll Bacon, Assistant S11perin1endent, Hartland Consolidated Sc hools, December 1990. 'Data from Richard Terres, Assis1ant Superintendent, llowell Public Schools, Jan. 1991. 51h Grade 10 be established in 1992. 1 glnformation from Pat Donahue, Assis1an1 Superintendent, Huron Valley Schools, December 1990. �.. l •. • TABLE 18 EXISTING PUBLIC SCHOOL FACILITIES AVAILABLE TO BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS. 1990-91• GradtJ l'ear Built StruClural Co11ditio11 1-5 1-5 J-5 1-5 J-5 Prt-School, K, A-Educ. 5-Sc 1977 1959, 1968 1950, 1968, 1987 1974 1991 1952, 1987 1910. 1940, 1950, 1968 1978 /96J, J97J, 1991 Sow,d Sow,d Sow,d Sow,d Sow,d Sou11d Sowrd Sow,d Sow,d 16 16 16 16 591 501 5/J 572 11 50 J4 JOO tf.AR[LAt:!..D CO/::!_S.QLID.ffEQ S.ClJ..QQl,.Sd K- 5 JO. Lakts.Eltmmtary 6-8 II . Farms Middlt School 9- 11 11. Hartland High School /977, 1990 1977, /990 1971, 1990 Sowrd So1u1d Sound tJ.QIVf;_Ll,. PUB{,.[<; KliQQLst H. Latso11 Road Eltme11tarJ• U . McPherson Middlt School JS. Ho111tll High School 19S0 196-1, 1971 1980 Sou11d Sound Sow,d 51 ~ fJ.Rl(i.HTQt:!.. ARE.~ SCHQQLS.b I. Homwrg Road Eltmt11tary 1. Ha111ki11s Eltme11tary J. Lindbom Eltmtlllary 4. Spt11cer Eleme111ary 5. Hi/1011 Road Elemeutary 6. Mil/tr Ki11dtrgar1t11 Ct11ter 7. Scranto11 Middlt School 8. Maltby Middlt Sc/root 9. Brighto11 High School 6 -8 9- 11 K- 41 5-8 9- 11 Academic Classrooms Sitt Si:t E11rollme111a Capacity .lliilll 20 40 10 /0 597 571 667 J,5J9 550 550 500 550 500 600 6JS 765 1,100 JO JO 10 75 16 J1 J9 474 717 945 5J6 849 1,040 45 45 40 10 601 754 1,615 600 700 1,000 15 U6 u JOO 21 10 HURON VALLEY S.CHOQLSI Drrs 1101 j11c{11dr Residential Arras of Briel,1n11 Township wi1hi11 District bo1111darin • Compila1io11 by Bra11do11 M. Rogers & Auociates, P.C .. January 1991. •rounh Friday Counu, Sep1embu 1990 b Da1a from Marilyn Goodsman, Direc1or of Communications & Partnerships, Brighton Area Schools, January 1991; also Application for Preliminary Qualification of Bonds, Brighton Area Sch, November 22, 1989. '51h Grade 10 be moved out' of Middle School when new elemenlary school is built on lligh School site in 1992. ~Da1a from Scon Bacon, Assisrant Superin1endent, lianland Consolidated Schools, December 1990. 'Da1a from Richard Terres, Assis1an1 Superintendcnl, llowell Public Schools, Jan . 1991. 51h Grade 10 be es1ablished in 1992. 1 GJnforma1ion from Pat Donahue, Assis1an1 Superin1enden1, liuron Valley Schools, December 1990. �Table 29 presents recommended school standards for Brighton Township. These standards have been adapted from nationally recognized school standards and tailored to suit Brighton Township's individual needs. Not all space standards will be achievable due to natural limitations of the site or the ability of land, but where possible, minimum standards should be satisfied. Further, upon evaluation by the appropriate School District, some standards may be modified to meet particular educational goals and policies. TABLE 29 RECOMMENDED SCHOOL STANDARDS BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP• Enrollment Ca12aci!l'. Size Preferred a Site Size (acres) Minimum b Desirable C Site Size Service Radius (miles) (acres) Elementary (K-5) 400-800 9-13 5 .5 Middle School (6-8) 700-1,200 17-22 10 1.5 High School (9-12) 1,000-2,000 30-40 15 2.0 • Adapted by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, Inc. from standards Education Association, April. 1980. by the National a Based on standards of five acres plus one acre per 100 students in elementary schools and ten acres plus one acre per hundred pupils in middle schools and 20 acres plus one acre per hundred pupils in high schools. b Assures desirable recreation space. c Desirable service radius standards do not apply in areas where students are bused to their respective schools. Three types of standards are presented in Table 29: enrollment size, site size and service radius. Optimum enrollment size indicates the capacity range at which school facilities are believed to operate most efficiently. Facilities which are too large may have a negative effect on the quality of education instruction the students receive, while facilities which have too small a capacity are uneconomical to operate. The school site includes not only the structure itself, but off-street parking and recreation as well. On elementary and middle school sites, only parking for teachers and 110 �supporting staff is provided. At the senior high school, parking also must be considered for students and the public attending school-sponsored activities. Site size standards are thus based upon the provision of space for these above described facilities. Site size requirements are often the hardest to meet where areas surrounding the school site are built-up, and the cost of acquiring propeny for expansion purposes may be prohibitive. Comparing the statistics in Table 28 to the standards outlined in Table 29, it becomes evident that all schools comply with the preferred capacity, size and service radius l , standards. In instances .where this distance is exceeded, students are bussed to their \,,., respective schools. n i; i,.,,; The Brighton Area School District recently passed a $59.8 million bond issue, the largest ever passed in State. In addition to the new Hilton Road Elementary School in Brighton Township, the District plans a new elementary school and bus garage in Green Oak Township. The said bond issue would partially remodel and re-equip existing elementary school facilities, build a new middle school, add to and remodel the Maltby ' - Middle School, Scranton Middle School and Brighton High School, improve the bus maintenance facility, as well as undernTite the new Hilton Road school. The existing Scranton Middle School would be convened to an administration building and community { ' education center when the new middle school is built in 1992-93 (at a site likely in Green Oak Township. The former Miller Elementary School, closed in 1984, was reopened in 1987 as a multi-faceted Kindergarten, pre-school, day-care and adult education/senior citizen facility. The District is in the process of redistricting attendance areas now that the new Hilton Road Elementary School will likely open in August 1991 for the 1991-92 school year. By such redistricting it is expected that all elementary schools will be under the desired 500 pupil enrollment level. f - The Howell Public School District passed a $25,040,000 bond issue in 1990. The former old Birkenstock Elementary School on Grand River Avenue west of Hacker Road, which previously served that part of Brighton Township generally west of Hunter Road, northerly of Hilton Road, has been sold owing to declining enrollments. Township school children now attend the Latson Road Elementary School on Grand River Avenue and Latson Road. Further, the Michigan Avenue Middle School has been closed and the former Howell High School has been convened to be the McPherson Middle SchooL About $3.5 million will be spend in the 1991-92 period to renovate this schooL When a new elementary school is built on the Howell High School site by 1992, the 5th grade will 111 �be moved out of the Middle School and placed in the Latson Road Elementary School and other elementary schools. Redistricting will also occur to relieve overcrowding at the McPherson Middle and other schools and eliminate need for portable classrooms. It is concluded that ample land and facilities for the foreseeable future will then exist for the Howell Public School District. For the Hartland Consolidated School District, future expansion plans, authorized by a $13,475,000 bond issue approved in March 1990, include adding four new classrooms onto the Lakes Elementary School, adding six new classrooms to the Farm Middle School, adding a new 700-900 seat auditorium, an auxiliary gymnasium, an expanded media center, six new classrooms to the Hartland High School, and purchasing land for a new elementary school and possible new middle school in Hartland Township as part of a 200 acre land purchase program. This site has been acquired at corner of Hartland Road and Dunham Road. The Hartland Village School, once a kindergarten facility, will continue to serve as a community education, day care, and latch key center for the District and will be serving that part of District in Brighton Township. Librazy Facilities A high standard of library facilities is important to providing an environment for social and cultural communication and achievement which is increasingly important in a rapidly changing technical and professional world. Because of this, library facilities should rank high on any community facilities program. The purpose of this analysis is to study the present library systems serving Brighton Township by measuring its quality and determining deficiencies to meet future needs. Existing Facilities At present there are no libraries located in Brighton Township. The nearest library available to the Township is located in the City of Brighton at 200 N. Main Street in the City's Civic Center. This facility contains about 20,000 volumes, occupying 2,900 square feet. Additional space and book volume is needed to meet the growing needs of the Brighton Area residents estimated in 1991 as being 25,000 to 30,000 persons. About 42 per cent of library users live in Brighton Township. The Brighton Library is part of the Huron Valley Library System which encompasses 112 . ) �both Livingston and Washtenaw Counties. The Library is open for 49.5 hours per week. Monday through Thursday the Library open during the hours of 9:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., and is closed on Friday. It is open on Saturday from 9:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. The Library also conducts special programs of interest to the local community. ~ Included is the Story Hour Program geared to preschool children. An infant and mother program directed towards child development is also conducted by the Library. The Library is supported by the City of Brighton's General Fund with some lesser amounts from Genoa Township and Brighton Township, and from State aid and County penal fines. 31 Also nearby and available to all Brighton Township residents is the Cromaine Library, located at 3688 North Hartland Road in Hartland. The Hartland Consolidated School District Boards acts as its operating agent and allocates separately voted millage to the Library which also receives allocation of County penal fines. I This facility is open for 53 hours per week. Monday, Wednesday and Friday it is • ' open during the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Tuesday and Thursday hours are 10:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Saturday hours are between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. The Cromaine Library contains approximately 35,000 volumes in a 12,500 square feet building. A 9,400 square foot addition opened in September 1980. The library conducts I • numerous programs of interest including video cassette and audio cassette service, a preschool storytime program, cultural and educational programs for all age groups, and a 200 magazine library. A lot of the Library's service is generated from Brighton Township (26% of service area's population). 32 In addition to the above, library facilities are available to Brighton Township residents through the public school system. Every school in the Hartland Consolidated School District maintains a student library. After school hours are not available. In similar fashion, all schools in the Brighton Area School District have libraries with the Brighton High School library reserving evening hours during the school year. Howell Public Schools similarly have libraries in their elementary, middle and high school buildings. 31 Information from Clara Bohrer, Librarian, Brighton Library, January 1991. 32 Information from Sandra Scherba, Director/Librarian, Cromaine Library. 113 �Library Standards 7 I library standards have been developed by the American library Association which . j provide a basis for determining future library needs within a community. These standards ., indicate number of volumes required, service areas, amount of floor space needed, and I I desirable location criteria. Tables 30 and 31 provide more detailed information in regards to service area and library stock as they relate to population. Data in Table 32 indicate standard libra0 5pace requirements in relation to volume size. General site requirements are perhaps the most important to consider in library planning. Requirements for branch libraries may be cited as follows: Easily accessible Preferably on a major thoroughfare Located in or near a commercial or community center. Ease of parking is advantageous. A minimum of 20 years expansion of service and community growth should be possible. During the next 20 years there is a need for the Brighton library to expand services. With a present service population of upwards of 30,000 population, expected to substantially increase by Year 2010 (e.g., 40,000 - 45,000), there is a need for a library of at least 20,000 square feet and a book volume of at least 60,000 - 70,000. Based upon Act 24, P.A 1989, the concept of "district library" for the geographic area of the Brighton Area School District (See Map 4) is being considered. Under this Act a district library can levy its own taxes and issue voter approved bonds to cover its operating and capital improvement costs. The Howell library operates under this authorization. The Cromaine library, underwritten by a separately voted millage through the Hartland Consolidated School District, needs to be expanded since adult area space is crowded. There may not be sufficient space at the present library site and an alternate site for a branch may be necessary. The library has investigated the feasibility of convening to a district library under Act 24, however such action does not seem worthwhile since the relationship v.1th the School District is satisfactory. Yet if development does not continue to occur in the Hartland Consolidated School District to increase SEY (upon which the Library's one mill levy is based), then financial shortages could occur. 114 - I �TABLE 30 TYPES AND CHARACT'ERISTICS OF LIBRARIES• Area Served ' ' Recommended Population Served Miscellaneous Central Whole City or Municipality No Limit & Varies Should be within a block or two of main business and shopping area and convenient to main traffic and transportation aneries. Branch 1 to 1-1/2 miles 25,000 people Should be accessible. Sub-Branch Detached Areas and Smaller Cities Varies Not usually open every day or housed in a library-owned building. Can be in community buildings or schools or rented quarters. easily • American Library Association TABLE 31 RELATIONSHIP BE1WEEN BOOK VOLUME AND POPULATION SIZE FOR LIBRARY SERVICE• Population of Library Area Minimum Maximum 6,000 10,000 10,000 35,000 35,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 Volumes per Capita 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.75 Up to Volumes 25,000 70,000 175,000 300,000 • American Library Association NOTE: The minimum book stock of any library, as an independent unit, should be 6,000 volumes regardless of population served. 115 �TABLE 32 MINIMUM STANDARD LIBRARY SPACE REQUIREMENTS* Amount Floor Space (sq_. ft.) 5,000 + 1 sq. ft. for every 10 volumes over 5,000 Reader Space (sq_. ft.) 3 seats per 1,000 population@ 30 sq. ft. per seat Staff Work Space Csq. ft.) Estimated Additional Space (sq.ft.) Total Floor Space (sq_. ft.) 1,500 sq. ft. + 150 sq. ft. for each full-time staff member over 13 5,250 15,000 minimum • American Library Association Governmental Administrative Offices Community growth brings with it the need to increase the level of public sen,ices and consequently public employment. _A corresponding increase in employment \\!ill be necessary to administer the conduct of the typical municipal office. Analysis of future requirements is necessary to insure uninterrupted continuance of required public administrative services to meet increased demand for effective and efficient government. Existing Conditions Government administrative offices of Brighton Township are located in the Township Hall on Buno Road, north of Spencer Road. Located in this building are the offices of the Supervisor, Assessor, Treasurer, Clerk, Building Inspector and general office secretary. Public meeting rooms are also available at this site. There are approximately 5,520 square feet of floor space in this facility with a staff of 14 full-time and four part-time employees. 33 The Township Hall was built in 1985 to replace old facilities to the east at Buno Road, west of Pleasant Valley Road. The facility will need to be expanded to meet increasing service needs. 33 Information from Carla Chapman, Township Clerk, January 1991. Includes Township Supervisor, Township Oerk and Township Treasurer. One temporary secretarial position is classified as a full-time job. 116 �Standards The determination of standards for administrative offices depends a great deal on the particular community. Elements to consider include the structural adequacy and space requirements. Although it may be easy to see that the existing accommodation is overcrowded and/or structurally deficient to warrant replacement, it is more difficult to anticipate space requirements for the next 20 years as this involves projecting future positions and the space needs of personnel, equipment and storage. Other criteria to consider are future activities and functions to be housed by administrative offices. Ample area for new departments and agencies or simply for expansion must be provided. As a new building may have to serve for many years, space needs should not be underestimated. . Beyond the considerations discussed above, a general principle of administrative ; office planning may be outlined. In areas of small population or low density, all offices should be located proximate to each other centrally located and easily reached by the residents of the community. Local governmental offices should be accessible to the people who use them. Locating different departments at varied locations in the Township would prove inconvenient to those who need different services. In addition, municipal departments also require proximity among themselves, as the function of one may be in part dependent upon the work of another. Analysis of the operations of governmental agencies show that certain agencies have frequent contact, and administrative costs can be r, significantly lowered and efficiency increased when offices are close together. Recommendation As the population of the Township increases, so will the level and range of public services required. It will be necessary to increase the municipal office space of the Township. On a long range basis, space within the present Brighton Township facility will not be sufficient nor functionally adequate. As noted above, of primary importance to government administrative office planning is general accessibility to the public. In a community the size projected for Brighton Township with a population that is widely distributed throughout. it is desirable to group administrative functions in one area, commonly called a civic or community center development. Some of the benefits of a community center have already been mentioned. The grouping of public buildings is convenient to both governmental agencies and the 117 �Standards The determination of standards for administrative offices depends a great deal on the particular community. Elements to consider include the structural adequacy and space requirements. Although it may be easy to see that the existing accommodation is overcrowded and/or structurally deficient to warrant replacement, it is more difficult to anticipate space requirements for the next 20 years as this involves projecting future positions and the space needs of personnel, equipment and storage. Other criteria to consider are future activities and functions to be housed by administrative offices. Ample area for new departments and agencies or simply for expansion must be provided. As a new building may have to serve for many years, space needs should not be underestimated. ...' . ( I • , Beyond the considerations discussed above, a general principle of administrative office planning may be outlined. In areas of small population or low density, all offices should be located proximate to each other centrally located and easily reached by the residents of the community. Local governmental offices should be accessible to the people who use them. Locating different departments at varied locations in the Township would prove inconvenient to those who need different services. In addition, municipal departments also require proximity among themselves, as the function of one may be in part dependent upon the work of another. Analysis of the operations of governmental agencies show that certain agencies have frequent contact, and administrative costs can be (. significantly lowered and efficiency increased when offices are close together. I., Recommendation As the population of the Township increases, so will the level and range of public services required. It will be necessary to increase the municipal office space of the Township. On a long range basis, space within the present Brighton Township facility will not be sufficient nor functionally adequate. As noted above, of primary importance to government administrative office planning is general accessibility to the public. In a community the size projected for Brighton Township with a population that is widely distributed throughout, it is desirable to group administrative functions in one area, commonly called a civic or community center development. Some of the benefits of a community center have already been mentioned. The grouping of public buildings is convenient to both governmental agencies and the 117 �public in conducting business that r~quires visits to various departments. Development of this type also makes it possible to use joint parking facilities, janitorial services, and reference library facilities. The location of the existing municipal offices is shown on Map 3 on Buno Road, northerly of Spencer Road. Community centers are typically located on the fringe of more intensive development to take advantage of lower land values and also to prevent the interruption of any possible future business expansion. Its location should also be situated along a major thoroughfare and near the center of anticipated residential development. The existing location of the Township Offices complies with these requirements. Important decisions will have to be made about the size, shape and arrangement of buildings and their relationship in terms of circulation and appearance over the long term. The present site perm.its expansion on an accessible, visible site suitable over the next 20 years. Police Protection Police protection and law enforcement is a vital service that government must provide. As recorded in the Brighton Township Community Survey, 62 percent of the respondents agreed strongly or agreed somewhat that there were no police protection problems in the Township which would warrant expanded police services.34 The need for police protection arises from the number of crimes committed and reported. citizen relations with the department, and department relations with other aspects of community government. It is of great importance that adequate police protection be available in a community, especially if that community has valuable residential neighborhoods and industrial and commercial establishments requiring protection, and highways carrying high volumes of traffic that must be patrolled. Existing Conditions Brighton Township presently relies upon the services of the Michigan State Police, with a branch headquarters on east side of Old U.S. 23 between Spencer Road and I-96. During times of emergency they promptly respond. Contracted services v.ith the Livingston County Sheriffs Patrol ended in 1984 at which ti.me annual cost was $35,000, with a 34 Brighton Township Community Survey, op. cit., Question 29. 118 �weekend service option for an additional $30,000/year. However, while the County Sheriffs Patrols are not under contract for added services, the Sheriff's Patrol provides surveillance o County Roads. The concept of establishing a Township police department has been deferred owing to high cost. Standards Since no two communities are alike, specific standards for police equipment and facilities are not available. Because of the high number of variables that affect a police department (e.g., crime rates, department work load, relationship to county and state law enforcement bodies, type of areas to be patrolled), only broad outlines can be discussed. These standards are presented in Table 33. I \ - Generally, contact with the public is of secondary importance to police facility location. The location of stations is primarily determined by the characteristics of the area to be serviced and by the speed and efficiency of moving personnel and equipment into the service areas. Service areas in commercial areas and close-in densely populated areas are usually small and patrolled on a beat system whereas outlying districts comparable to Brighton Township are larger and covered by patrol cruisers. As noted in Table 33, the location should also be convenient to major streets in an area unbroken by natural or manmade barriers. TABLE 33 GENERAL POLICE FACILITY LOCATION STA.""IDARDS• I• \. 1. Should be near the geographic center of the service area near concentrations of commercial and industrial land uses. 2. Location should be convenient to major streets in an area unbroken by impassable barriers as freeways, railroads or rivers. 3. In smaller areas of population, facility should occupy one section of the municipal building or civic center. 4. Preferable to have police facility in separate building to insure that police business does not interfere with other government operations. 5. If facility is to be located within municipal building with other departments, location must be separate from other departments so public may have access to other depanments without passing through the police area. • Adapted from William I. Goodman and Eric C. Freund, Principles and Practice of Urban Plannin~. International City Managers Association, Fourth Edition, 1968. 119 �Police Protection Recommendation Brighton Township presently does not maintain an independent law enforcement department. By the Year 2010, due to the expected influence of high value residential, commercial and industrial development and concomitant population of about 24,000 persons, the Township might consider establishing a 24-hour on-line police depanment of its own. No set standards exists for the number of police employees required for adequate service and protection. However, recent U.S. Department of Justice figures indicate that communities containing a population of 10,000 -24,999 persons located in the East-North Central United States employ an average of 1.8 police employees per 1,000 population. 35 In the interim, the Township should attempt to increase the level of service provided by the State Police. Fire Protection The protection of life and propeny through the provision of a fire protection agency is a necessary municipal responsibility with the quality and sophistication of the agency being directly related to its facilities, fire fighting equipment and personnel training. In addition, the fire protection agency cannot be expected to accomplish its task unless it has the capacity to fight fires of more than minimal duration. Since fire protection facilities are major capital improvements, they should be carefully planned and located. Adequate coverage of every area of the Township is required as is quick response time to calls. The number and location of fire stations required in a community depends upon several factors including: the size and layout of the community, type and density of development in the community, age and condition of housing, type of building materials common to the community and the topography of the community among others. Natural and man-made barriers must also be considered. The overall quality of the fire department is rated on the adequacy of all the aforementioned fire fighting characteristics. This rating is transposed into insurance rates ( on a scale of 1 to 10) by various insuring agencies. A municipality with a low rating (high quality of fire protection services) will benefit its propeny owners with lower insurance costs U.S. Depanment of Justice, FBI Uniform Crime Repons, Crime in the United States. 1978, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1978, Table 55, pg. 232. Employment figure includes both clerical and professional positions. 35 120 �-~ . while a municipality with a high rating (low quality of fire protection services) will be adversely affected in this regard. At present, according to the Insurance Services Office, ,.. Brighton Township is rated 8, 9 and 10. The 10 rating indicates when a fire station is -. located more than 5 miles from any location. The 9 rating denotes when the location is 5 miles or less plus when a fire hydrant (on an approved water system) is within 1,000 feet. In the absence of a regional approach to fire protection services, each municipality must have the manpower and equipment to adequately afford protection to its residents and businesses from loss of life and property. To insure such protection, it is recommended that each community should have the ability to handle two fires simultaneously. r~ l '., Responses to the 1989 Township Community Survey reflected that about 61 percent of respondents agreed strongly or agreed somewhat that there are no fire protection problems in the Township which would warrant expanded services. 36 ; I ' Existin~ Conditions Prior to 1973, the Township of Brighton contracted for fire fighting services with the City of Brighton. Since that time, the Township has maintained an on-call volunteer fire fighting force. l ' The volunteer force consists of 42-49 people as of December 1990. As required by I ' the State of Michigan Fire Fighting Training Council, each member of the volunteer force has successfully completed 66 hours of course work in fire fighting. Additional training is I• provided through attendance in various training seminars. There are currently two fire stations which serve Brighton Township. They include the North Station located at Hyne Road and Old U.S. 23 and the South Station found at Webber Road near Old U.S. 23. The fire fighting equipment located at each is described in Table 34. The location of each station is shown on Map 3 following Page 79. The fire responsibility area for the North Station is primarily that area north of ' ;, Hilton Road as extended, whereas the South Station's area of coverage is considered to be '" _.: south of Hilton Road. Each station will, however, broaden their service area upon special circumstance. It should be recognized that the South Station is responsible for the Township's commercial core and is also responsible for the 1-96/U.S. 23 cloverleaf. Efforts to maintain the South Station at or near its present location is therefore of utmost 36 Brighton Township Community Survey, QJ!..G, Question 30. 121 �importance. Mutual aid pacts exist with the City of Brighton, Green Oak Township and Hartland _I Township. Fire Station While standards exist which indicate the desirable number of stations required, equipment and personnel needs, and optimum service areas, fire station needs should also be determined in relation to the layout of the Township, the location of various land uses, and the street system. The better the street system, the faster the fire equipment can reach its destination, and thus, the larger the area the station can serve. The standards in Table 35 indicate generally recommended service radii for various districts. Those districts with higher value uses such as commercial and industrial should be within 3/4 to 1-1/2 miles from a fire station, while residential uses may be from 1 to 4 miles from a station, depending upon the intensity of development. Fire Protection Recommendations It is anticipated that the existing fire station located at Hyne Road at Old U.S. 23 will be adequate to serve the Year 2010 population and businesses in the north and west central areas of the Township. Expansion and renovation of this station is being considered by the Township, with its replacement anticipated as the north part of the Tov.nship develops further. The South Station. intended to predominately serve those single-family residential areas south of Hilton Road and be readily accessible to higher density multiplefamily, commercial and industrial uses found proximate to Spencer Road and Old U.S. 23 and south of the I-96 Freeway, should also be continued. However, with additional high value district -development scheduled to continue in this area (i.e., office and multiplefamily areas designated on the Township's Land Use Plan proximate to Old U.S. 23 and Grand River Avenue), additional equipment may be necessary to insure sufficient coverage. Such is planned in 1992-1993 by the anticipated addition of a new 55 foot telesquirt truck and a combination rescue/grass rig. 37 One new 2-bay station is proposed to be constructed and equipped in the east area of the Township at northwest corner of Pleasant Valley Road and Buno Road. This facility 37 Information from Roger Young, Deputy Fire Chief, January 1991. 122 �TABLE 34 FIRE FIGIITING EQUIPMENT BRIGIITON TOWNSHIP* Station North I.' \ (, r~ i ! ' ', South Quantity Description Year 1 1,250 gallon/minute pumper with 1,500 gallon tank 1991 1 350/gallon minute pumper with 1,250 gallon tank 1975 1 Rescue rig 1985 1 Four wheel drive grass fire fighting unit 1979 1 1,250 gallon/minute pumper with 1,500 gallon tank 1991 1 350 gallon/minute pumper with 1,250 gallon tank 1979 1 Four wheel drive grass fire fighting unit 1962 i - • Interview with Roger Young, Deputy Fire Chief, January 1991. TABLE 35 FIRE COMPANY DISTRIBUTION STANDARDS• ,- i -. \ District and Required Fire Flow Optimum Service Radius in Miles from Engine, Hose or Engine-Ladder Companv High-Value District (Commercial, Industrial Institutional) 3/4 - 1-1/2 Residential District: Where there are buildings in the district three or more stories in height, including tenement houses, apartments or hotels. 1-1/2 ' - Same as above, but where the life hazard is above normal. 1 For buildings having an average separation of less than 100 feet. 2 For buildings having an average separation 100 feet or more. 4 • American Insurance Association, Fire Department Standards Distribution of Companies and Response to Alarms, Special Interest Bulletin No. 315, January, 1963. U3 • .J �is intended to serve those single-family residential areas east of U.S. 23, south of Newman Road and be readily accessible to more intensive development proximate Grand River Avenue. Toe location is shown on Map 5 (following Page 137). Such a location would conform to the recommended standards stated above. Equipment expected to be housed in this facility will be a 750 gallon/minute pumper with a 750 gallon tank, and a combination rescue/grass rig. Recreation Facilities Recreation facilities are one of a municipality's most utilized yet often unrecognized resources. Toe trend of more leisure time and rising incomes has generally created a greater demand for recreation facilities. Toe demand for recreation space varies between units of government. Generally, it is accepted that the demand for recreation space in urban areas is greater than that for rural, because more of the total land area in an urban setting is developed. Thus, they often have the least capacity for such facilities. In suburban areas, such as Brighton Township, the demand for recreation at both the neighborhood and community level may be less. This is essentially due to the low density and undeveloped characteristic of the Township. In the 1989 Township Community Survey predominant strong interest was expressed for having nature trails, bridle trails and bikeways (43 percent of all responses), and for parks and picnic areas (37 percent of all responses). 38 As Brighton Township continues to develop, the recreation needs of the Township will become more important. Development pressures will remove more and more land from the inventory of undeveloped acreage the Township presently maintains. Thus, the amount of land which could be utilized in meeting future recreation needs will diminish. Ultimately, to adequately address the future recreation needs of the Township requires that local officials develop a continuing program for meeting both present and anticipated recreation claims. It is the purpose of this section to survey the present recreational facilities the Township presently enjoys and suggest general recommendations on meeting future needs. 38 Brighton Township Community Survey, op. cit., Question 33. 124 �Inventmy and Analysis j l Brighton Township is unique in that it is proximate to a vast array of recreational lands and opportunities. Of particular importance are the regional parklands. The residents of Brighton Township find their recreational needs satisfied much more readily than residents of other municipalities due to their close proximity to thes~ facilities. Also many recreation and leisure time activities are often part of a homeowner's own property and there is little need to seek other areas. This is particularly true of the owners of lake property. The recreation facilities accessible to Brighton Township are next described. Re~onal Recreation Facilities - Regional recreation facilities afford residents of Brighton Township numerous recreational opportunities. ,-, I • Within the seven county SEMCOG region (i.e., Wayne, Oakland, Macomb, Washtenaw, Livingston, St. Clair and I ( Monroe Counties), there are over 50 regional recreation facilities containing over 80,000 fi acres divided among County, State and Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Park Authority ( J r .• :' I. J (HCMA) properties. (See Map 4) Of particular importance to Brighton Township is Kensington Metropolitan Park whic? occupies approximately 340 acres of Township land in the extreme southeastern section of the Township and extends easterly into Milford Charter Township. This HCMA park is accessible to Township residents and is anticipated to continue to function as a primary recreation activity center for Township residents in '' years ahead. The HCMA headquarters are located in this area of the Township at 196 /Kensington Road interchange. Commensurate with providing areas of recreational land is a need to provide in ! . those lands recreational activities desired by those seeking recreational opportunities -whether providing additional snowmobile trails in the Island Lake State Recreation Area or extra ball diamonds at Kensington Metropolitan Park. In this manner, the needs of the sportsperson will be met while assuring utilization of the parks themselves. A variety of recreational activities and facilities should be provided since each age group has its own special interests. The provision of recreational activities should also be based upon the anticipated demand or desire for certain types of activities. Inasmuch as most recreational ,__ , activities are undertaken during the summer months, it becomes important to plan for those activities which are anticipated to grow the fastest during the summer season to adequately meet future demand. As denoted in the Community Survey, there is a significant interest in development of nature trails bridle trails and bikeways. Thus, any further planning of 125 �recreation resources should include these items as well. In addition, Brighton Township is central to general boat launching ramps. Data in Table 36 that there are several such facilities available to Brighton Township residents within easy driving time. The magnificent recreation park facilities proximate to Township residents are depicted on Map 5. Township Parks - Second to the recreational benefits obtained through regional parks, are those provided at the local level. Table 37 indicates the different types of desirable recreational facilities and for whom they are intended which are typically provided at the local level. Included are playgrounds, playfields and community park. Playground facilities are presently provided at school sites by both the Brighton Area School District and the Hartland Consolidated School District for public use within the Township. Playgrounds exist at Spencer Elementary School, Lakes Elementary School and the new Hilton Road Elementary School (pending). However, it must be recognized that those persons residing in that area west of U.S. 23 and south of Spencer Road could utilize the playground existing at Miller Elementary School located in the vicinity of Spencer Road and Grand River Avenue in the City of Brighton. In addition, additional open space exists at Lakes Elementary, Spencer Elementary and the new Hilton Road Elementary areas. Continued effort by Brighton Township officials is important in securing easily accessible playground areas for the "under 12" age group. One such tool available to Brighton Township in acquiring recreation areas is through dedication of open space requirements as part of the Township's Subdivision Regulation Ordinance. Currently, this Ordinance through Section 403 (Subdivision Open Space Plan) provides an optional method of subdividing property to encourage the provision of open space and development of recreation facilities. Promotion of this technique to prospective developers of large subdivisions could result in a more desirable and efficient use of land and added recreational space to the Township's land use inventory. Further, under the new cluster housing option in the Zoning Ordinance, adopted in 1990, there is an opportunity to reserve open space for local residents' use. Playfield area within the Township is located adjacent to the Farms Middle School site and includes four ball diamonds and an open field area of over 20 acres. The Spencer Elementary School site also contains approximately 10 acres of land area which may be included under this category inasmuch the site presently contains a lighted ball diamond utilized by summer softball leagues. Ball diamond facilities are also found behind the U6 �TABLE 36 BOAT LAUNCHING RAMPS VICINITY OF BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP* YES 24 1,2,4,6 321 RO 2N SE 10 NO 18 1,4 252 RO 2N SE 22 YES YES 30 1,2,4,6 290 RO 2N SE 19 YES YES 50 1,2,4,6 sn RO 1N SE 32 4 NO 20 12 WO 1N 4E 9 M 12 2 YES 20 5 119 S? 1N SE 3 3 mi Not Lakeland M 12 2 YES 10 5 56 SP 1N SE 3 4 mi NE ol Pinckney M 12 3 NO 10 5 29 SP 1N SE 6 47-10 Chilson Pond (Brighton R.A.) 4 mi Nol Lakeland M 12 3 NO 2 5 100 F SP 2N SE 33 47•11 Hiland Lake (Pinckney R.A.) Hell M 12 3 NO 8 5 123 F SP 1N 4E 32 47-12 Goaling Lake (Pinckney R.A.) Hell M 12 3 NO 8 5 12 SP 1N 4E 32 LIVINGSTON COUNTY SIie No. ......,_ SHe Na,M & 9ocly of Water ol SIie r • i State .._ ,.._, Cew1ny ~-c.- 47•1 Lak• Ch•mun; 4 m, NW of Brighton L 12 47•2 EHi Crook•d Lak• 6 mi N of Lolkeland M 12 (ill 47.3 Woodland Lak• 1 mi Not Brighton L 12 47-4 Whltmor• L.ak• 3 mo SE or Hamburg M 12 2 47-6 Duck Lake (Gregory S.G.A.) 3 m, N of Hell M 12 47.7 Bishop Lake Campground (Brighton RA) 3mi N of Lakeland 47-8 Appleton Lake (Brighton R.A.) 47.9 Chenango Lake (Brighton RA) ~ YES 3 Sit~ '1Wlec• '81'1Uftf 1'ulN ...... Wet- w.,.,.. en• Co""°' a Ad,nl". ..... ._._ WASHTENAW COUNTY 81-1 Bruin Lake (PineM*Y R.A.) 1 mi SEol Unadilla M 12 2 YES 8 5 145 SP 1S 3E 2 81-2 Half-Moon Lak• (Pinckney R.A.; 1 mi Sol Hell M 12 2 YES 3,4 5 244 SP 1S 4E 6 81-3 Sugarloaf Lake (Waterloo R.A.) 1 mi SEol Waterloo M 12 2 YES 6 5 205 SP 1S 3E 31 Ford Lake 1 mi SEol Ypsilanti M 12 YES 50 6 1,050 JYRO 3S 7E 23 1 miSWof Unadilla M 12 2 NO 14 5 180 SP 1S 3E 3 YES 10 5 200 SP lS ,e 18 YES 57 6 261 CITY 2S 6E «6 SP 1S 3E 10 (ffl 81-" Joann L•k• (Pinckney R,,A 81-6 North Lake (Pinckney R.A.) 3 m, Sol Hell M 12 2 81·8 Gedde• Pond Huron Rover 3mi Eof Ann Arllor M 12 2 81·9 South Lake (PiMCM*Y RA) 2mi Sol Unadilla M 12 2 YES ' 5 193 2 mi SE ol Waterlco M 12 2 YES e 5 113 SP 2S 3E 6 1S 3E 29 i 81-10 Crooked Lake (Waterloo R.A.) 81-11 I ' , ..... , F 81·5 !- 1 I• YES Wlnnewenna lmpoundment 2 mi Eof Waterloo (Waterloo R.A.) YES B M 12 3 NO 15 5 500 SP s 24 SP 1S 4E 8 203 co 1S SE 11&12 SP 2S 3E 5 81-12 Plckaraf L:ake (Pinckney R.A.) 2 mi SEol Hell M 12 4 NO 12 81-13 Independence Lake 3miSWof Whitmore I.aka M 12 2 YES 10 81-14 Mill Lake (Waterloo R.A.) 3 mi Wot Chelsea M 12 3 YES 12 5 142 81-15 Cedar Lake (Waterloo R.A.) 3MIWof Chelsea M 12 2 NO 8 5 76 SP 2S 3E 9 81-16 Green Lake (Waterloo R.A.) 3 m, E of Waterloo M 12 3 NO 10 5 95 SP 1S 3E 27 81-17 Coyle Lake (Waterloo R.A.J 3 mlWof Chelsea M 12 4 NO 6 5 18 SP 2S 3E 9 81-19 Four MIi• Lake (Chelsea S.G.A.J 2 mi E of Chelsea M 12 3 NO 15 256 WO 2S 4E ' YES 25 RD 1S 4E 81-20 Portage Lake 4 mi SE of M 12 YES 2,4 ,6 644 F F Pinckney • Adopted from Michigan Boat Launching DirectOQ'., 1989-90. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Footnotes and coding on Page 129. U7 �TABLE 36 (cont.) OAKLAND COUNTY ••• .... [El 63-1 Sn• N-Wfte, loilyOf ...., ..... L-llon St.te Map "-'tp Caut,Ny c-,. !tier Coot,ainete Tolloto,_ - - --- ·-· .... ..... F """· -14 RO 2N RO 2N F RO 3N 8E 13 F RO 2N aE 22 RO 3N 7E 13 RO 4N 10E 2 RO 4N 8E 28 144 RO 2N ae 6 90 RO 3N 9E Orchard Lake Orchard Lake L 13 YES YES 64 1,2,4,6 788 63-2 Union Lake Union Lake L 13 YES YES 32 1,2,4,6 445 6~ TacklH Drive Pontiac Lake 3 mi Nor Union Lake L 13 YES 20 1,4 640 63-5 Wolverine Lake 2 mi Nor Walled Lal<e L13 NO 15 1,4 241 ~ White Lake 3 mi NE or Highland L 13 YES YES 14 1,2,4,6 540 YES YES 34 1,2,4,6 soe YES 15 1,4 200 YES 15 1.2.4,6 NO 8 4 Croft 9E 8E 63-7 Lake Orlon Lal<e Orion L 13 SH Big Lake 2mlSEol Davisburg L 13 63-9 Long Lake 1 mi Wot Union Lal<e L 13 63-11 Crescent Lake 2mi s or Drayton Plains L13 63-12 Loon Lake Drayton Plains L 13 YES YES 10 1,2,4,6 234 0 RO 3N 9E 11 63-13 Squaw Lake 2 mi Wot Oxford L 13 YES YES 45 1,4 133 F RO SN 10E 29 F RO SN 11E 27 RO 3N 9E 7 AO 3N 8E 27 RO 4N 7E 30 63-14 Lakeville Lake 3 YES 3 F 21 Lakeville L 13 YES YES 29 1,2,4,6 460 3miWor Drayton Plains L 13 YES YES 18 1,2,4,6 419 63-17 c.dar Island Lake 7mi Eol Highland L 13 NO 6 1,4 134 63-18 Tlpalco Lake 4miWof Rose Center L 12 YES 15 1,2,4,6 301 63-20 Dodge Bros. Slate Pane 4 mi Eof L 13 YES 50 s 1.280 F SP 2N 9E 3 YES 80 5 640 F SP 3N 9E 18 (E] 63-16 Maceday Lake YES F No.4 Cass Lal<• Union Lal<e Pontiac Lake 4mi Nor Union Lal<e L 13 63-22 Alderman Lake (Highland A.A.) 2 mi NEol Highland L 12 4 YES 15 s 40 SP 3N 7E 23 63-23 Moore Lake (Highland A.A.) 1 m, Sor Highland L 12 4 NO ,o 5 92 SP 3N 7E 34 63-24 Lower Pettibone Lake (Highland A.A.) 1 m, Sol Highland L 12 3 NO 15 s 89 SP 3N 7E 34 63-25 Tffple Lake (Highland A.A.) 3 mi Eol Highland L13 3 NO 30 s 49 SP 3N 8E 30 63-26 Middle Straight.a Lake 3miWol Orchard Lake L 13 3 YES 10 6 171 TWP 2N 9E 18 63-27 Proud Lake (Proud Lake A.A.) 4 mi SE or Milford L13 YES 25 s 104 SP 2N 8E 20 63-28 Heron Lake (Holly A.A.) Sm, Eal Holly L13 YES 48 s 132 SP SN 8E 28 63-29 Crotch• Lake (Holly A.A.) 2 mi NE or Hoity L 12 3 YES 10 s 14 SP SN iE 23 63-30 Crystal Lake (Holly A.A.) 2mi Eof Holly L 12 3 YES 10 s 12 SP SN 7E 25 63-31 3 ml NEol Hoity L 12 4 NO 10 5 16 SP SN 7E 14 63-32 WIidwood-Vaiiey Lakes (Holly A.A.) 6 m, E or Holly L 13 2 YES 20 s 84 SP SN 8E 28 63-33 Graham LakH, South (Bald Mountain A.A.) 63-34 Trout Lake (Bald Mountain A.A.) 2 m, E of Lal<• Onon 3 mi Sor we Orion L 13 4 NO 25 5 18 SP 4N 11E s 16 s 3 F SP 4N 10E 24 63-35 Big Seven Lake (Seven Lakas SP) 3 mi NW or Hoity L 12 YES 12 5 170 F SP SN 7E 30 63-36 Dlcklnaon LM• (Seven LakN SP) 2 mi NWol Holly L 12 NO 20 5 44 F SP 5N 7E 29 63-21 (Pon~ac Lake A.A.) Holdredge Lake (Holly A.A,) YES L 13 F A F 128 �TABLE 36 (cont.) WAYNE COUNTY 82-1 Reid Memorlal Ramp Oelroit River Oetroil M 14 82-2 Huron River Mouth (Lake Erie Accoss) (Pt. Mouille S.G.A.) Belleville Lake 4 mi Sor Gibraltar N 13 1 mi NE or Belleville 82 Ecorse Munrcrpal Ramp Detroit -River Ecorse 82-5 Wyandotte Municipal Ramp Wyandotte Oetroil River 82-9 Ellubeth Perk Oetroil River 82-3 • (E] 82-7 ,-,, I \ i_. 82-8 , mi Sor Trenton Hamson Ave Riverfront Parl< Trenton Detroit River Riverside Park Detroil River Detroit Ambassador Brid;e NIA F CITY 2S 13E 6 N/A B WO 5S 10E 25 2,4,6 1,270 F RO 3S 8E 22 so 6 NIA F CITY 3S 11E 16 YES 59 6 NIA F CITY 3S 11E 20 YES YES 215 6 NIA F co 4S 11E 19 N 13 YES YES 34 6 NIA F CITY 4S 11E 18 M 13 YES YES 125 6 NIA F CITY YES YES 252 YES YES 60 M 13 YES YES 120 M 13 YES YES M 13 YES N 13 2 6 ' ,..... Using This Directory I, l l. This boal launching direc:tory is cosigned 10 aid usors or lrailarabie bo.lls. car-lop bo.lls, and c:anoos in locallng pJ.lcos 10 iaundl lhoir crall. ii lisls information conceming each launch ramp and rolalod raciUlies. such as parking, loilols, ale. II shoukl bo usod w,lh a Michigan ollicial transpor• tation map Gnd/or county maps as a guido. This directory inc:tudu boal launching lacililios oporatod by the Oepartmont ol Nalwal Rosourcos and thoso oporatocJ by counlio:, cilia: and olhor govommonta.l .igoncios which woro bulll with assistanco lrom lho Oepartmonl or Natur.if Rcsourcos. Not .ill 01 Michigan's boat launching racililies ara listed in lhe dlroctory. For example, many ol Iha boat ramps available within Nauonal Forests and al counly and city parl<s are nol lislod. Also commercial boal landings operated as businesses on private property are nol - listed. ..... • Stato Map lndox-Usod to loc.te Iha gonor.if vicinity of Iha silo on a Michigan official transportation map. Refers 10 index along the edgos of tho Slalo map. Ramp Cod-This number tella what 1ypo ol launching ramp tho :ilo usor can oxpocl lo linll al tho acco:: silo. It should bo nolod 1"'11 shoaling or obslructions may bo prosenl at any loc.l· tion. and boators should carefully evaluate ail waler depths before :aunching. The numbers mean: 1. A hatd-aurfaced ramp with sufficiont wale, deplh 10 acconvnodate roost trailerableboela. 2. A llanHurfacod ramp, in aroas of limited watw deplh, where launching and relri9ving of largosl boals may be dillicull. 3. A gravel-eur1aced ramp. 4. A ~ launching aroa. Sita Explanation of Column Headings l.., miles In a straight Uno, and dlreclion 10 lhe site lrom the noarost town. In some cases, you will hava to ask directions from the local townspeople 10 find lhe silo, or refor to counly maps available rrom Iha Oepartmenl of Nawral Resources. Also. wateh for Department of Natural R• sources signs indicaiing the direction and disWlc:e 10 an access site. ONR SIio No.-When contacting lhe Oapartmont ill>Out any ol Iha faciUiios hstod in this directory, ploaso make relorenco lo both lho s,te namo and ONA Sito Number. The symbol [E] In lronl ol s1Ie number dosignatas a barner-rroe rac11iIy. Site Name and Body of WaterSilos arc usually namod allor the lako or body ol water they ser,,o. In some c::isos, !hoy are named in honor of parsons contnbullng to tho recreational boaling program or physical iandmar ks, in wrllch case tho namo of lhc wator 1s tll.:;o g1von. n the ramp is located W1lh1n a Slalo Park (SP), Slato RccroaI10n Aroa (RA), SL.Ito Garno Aroa (SGA), or Wi1411lo A/ea (WA), tho name ol lhal unit ia alSo gtv,an. l.ocaliol>-lndicaloa the numbor of does not have an improvod ramp and is suila.ble for launching car-lop boats and ~ only. Courtesy Pier-An elavalod walk or platform (catwalk) for loading and unloading passengers. etc.. at lhe boat launc/llng ramp. Parking-This is tho number of at lho accoss s,to. Some boat ramps in Slate Parks and Slate Forest Campground$ are lor tho uso ol carnpors only and no park· ing is availablo lor non-<:amp!rlg boaters. panung placos available SIio Rul-To prevent ffllSuse or boat launching faciliU1s, it has boon necessary to make and enlorce rules to insww that faci~ties are usod ror lheir intended purposo. Tho coae lot lheso rules is as lollows: 2. Feo charged for use of a pubfte 3. 4. 5. 6. access site administered by Recrea• lion Division. Camping allowed. Sile closed to all swimming, wading and balhing. Stale Parl< ndes apply. A Slate Park entrance permit Is required. Special rules apply, suc:11 as spedal Closing hours, rules against consumption of alcoholic beverages, or others. Also, lhis dosignation is usod whoro lhe silo rulos aro established by an agency other than the Department of Natural Resources. Water Acres-This is the size of the lake in acres of surface area al the inland lake or lmpoundmenl NIA means not applicable and indicates siles on Great Lakes. rivers and streams. A lake lhal is round and 1/2 milo across is approximately 125 acres in sizo. Local Waterc:rall Controls-In addition to the general boating regulauons of Michigan. ii hu been necessary to make rulN 10 control certain boating activities on some bodin of water. The who has responsibilily for mainlaming and operating the boat launching s1Ie. Inquiries shoUld be directed to the appropriale administering unit listed below. RD - Recrealion Oivis,on Oepanment ol Natural Resources P.O. Box 30028 Lansing, Ml 40909 517-373-9900 SP - Patks Division Oepat1mont of Natural Resources P.O. Box 30028 Lansing. t.11 40909 517-373-1270 si= - Forest Management Division Oepar1ment or Natural Rosources P.O. Box 30020 Lansing, t.11 ~8909 517-373-1275 WO - Wildlife Division 08l)artment of Nalural Resources P.O. Box 30028 Lansing, Ml 48909 517-373-1263 l• Ue, eode means: A. Motor boats prohibited. B. Unlawful for Iha operator of a vessel to exceed a slow, no-wake speed. Higt,.speed boating and water skiing prohibiled. D. Higt-..speed boaling and water skiing pennitlod 11 :00 a.m. 10 7:30 p.m. only, Eastem Daylight Savings Time. E. Waler skiing pennitted 11 :00 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. only, Eastern D,iylighl Savings Time. F. Local watercrall controls other than those listed above. or controls listed abOVe apply only to a part of the body of water. For CUIT8fll and more complele information on Locaf Walerc:rall Controls, conlacl Law Enforcement Division, Oepanment of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 30020, Lansing. Ml 48909, or the Counly Shenff of the County in whic:h lhe iako is loc.llod. C. AdmlnlslrDtor-This column 1ndic:a1es VILLAGE CITY "TWP. COUNTY ] Operated by the respective local unit of govemment Town. Rango. Section-This provides a useful method lor localing a boat launching facilily on a county map, County maps are available from Iha Oepar1ment of Natural Resources, lnronnation Services Center, at 517373-1220. Most of the listed boating facilities are Indicated by a symbol on ONA county maps. Lake maps for many of Michigan's inland lakes can be purchased lrom Michigan Urnled Conservalion Club, Bureau al t.laps, P.O. Box 30235, Lansing, Michigan 48909. They also sell U.S. Navigalion Charts for lhe Great Lakes and adjac:enl waIerwaY5 and counly maps. (Thoso ~ Ate Subjecl to Change) 1. Sil• cloMd 11 :00 p.m. to 4:00 a.m. 129 �~ / .... , ·@ ~' ,, -- ' ~ •; ·@· ~ N : ,J ~I ~ ,.. •' .' -'l -.~ . ~ -- ... --~- ~-Cl,-.•.) ~ ·' . .· . , • ~ f • -;) - -:- •, ----h.:,, ,.s-: ,,- - r - . :ii ·1 • : • I ·1 ··•·i -i-- I • I •· /) !:~~-~- -·-.,-.. ·.... I --~ I 4:" ,, { _ , . · ;· ~ ! o, .r .....:.~_ ..., l':-•s i @] ·! -~. -- ,. • " ''" 'll t -·a;- ,,.. .\ i ·.: ~..: i. .~ i I l ( : --· ! -- J - I 4 �REGIONAL RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND for Map 4 HURON-CLINTON METRO PARKS 3 'I 4 5 6 7 • Marshbank Indian Springs Kensington Huron Meadows Hudson Mills l\1ICHIGAN STATE PARKS ·' ' ' . 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 Bald Mountain Dodge Bros. #4 Pontiac Lake Highland Proud Lake Island Lake Oakwoods Lake Erie Maybury COUNTY PARKS 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 25 26 27 Independence Oaks Groveland Oaks Springfield Oaks White Lake Oaks Waterford Oaks Glen Oaks Orion Oaks Independence Lake Lyndon Lola Valley Bell Creek Middle Rouge Parkway CITY OF DETROIT 5 6 Rogell Golf Course Rouge Park Source: Adapted from SEMCOG, Major Parks in Southeast Michigan. June 1987. 130 �TABLE 37 DESIRABLE RECREATION STAND ARDS ., I Acres/1000 Population Desirable Site Size (acre) Recreation Facility Remarks Playground These are usually located adjacentto elementary schools to serve the entire neighborhood population, especially the pre-school and elementary school age groups 1.5 Playfield These are usually located adjacent to junior or senior high schools and are meant to serve the community with active recreation facilities for children of secondary school age (ages 15 to 19) 1.5 15-20 Community Park These are usually located in areas of panicular scenic value and are intended as active and passive recreation areas for families. They should include facilities for picnicking plus active sports such as tennis and/or softball. 2.0 25+ a 5-10 . ! * Adapted from standards by the National Recreation Association. a. Smaller community parks may be warranted when having passive recreation or scenic function. North Fire Station located at Hyne Road and Old U.S. 23. Additional playfield space · readily accessible to Brighton Township residents is also provided at the Scranton Middle School site in the City of Brighton, and the Brighton High School site. The Scranton 131 �Middle School site contains roughly 10 acres of recreation space divided between a ball diamond and lighted football field. Situated on the 75 acre Brighton High School site is an athletic complex which includes playfield, pool and track facility, among others. The total acreage of these facilities exceed the standards set by the National Recreation Association. The Township does not presently have a community park. However, as previously l., mentioned, included in the Township are Kensington Metropolitan Park and the Woodland Lake boat launching site administered by the Waterways Division, Department of Natural Resources. Inherent to these sites are facilities commonly found in community parks as picnic areas, boat docks, etc. Also, as denoted in the Land Use Plan (Table 24), approximately 3,165 acres or 14.5 percent of the Township's total land area is scheduled for ,.. Recreation/Conservation; a classification established to protect and promote sufficient land { L . ., for natural resource preservation and public recreation use. In tandem with the low density, large lot residential development character of Brighton Township, the community park needs of the Township are satisfied. Other Facilities - Other recreation facilities not considered within the previous categories are those provided by public or private concerns. Within the Township are three such areas: the property of the Livingston County Sports Association is Section 7, Lakeside Camp, and the property south of School Lake owned by the Garden City Methodist Church. Conclusions The Community Facilities Plan has outlined the type and extent of community facilities desired to properly service the residents of Brighton Township. Good community facilities enhance a community and raise its standards of living as well as provide greater security to investors in the community. The Plan is based on future anticipated population requirements; therefore, not all of the proposals must be immediately effectuated, but may be programmed to coincide with fiscal ability and future need. It is recommended, however, that land requirements be met by prudent purchase prices and availability. With careful planning and capital improvement programming and the cooperation of the various departments of government and the public, the community facilities needed by Brighton Township may be provided to the extent and in the locations desirable for optimum efficiency in use and operation. 132 �PLAN EXECUTION AND REVIEW Introduction Upon the completion of the Comprehensive Development Plan Update, the effectuation of the Plan assumes a major role. Implementation of the Plan may be carried out mainly through the three following processes: 1. Regulation and control of the use and development of property. 2. Provision by the municipality of public improvements and services. 3. Public understanding and acceptance of the Plan. '.., The adoption of the Comprehensive Development plan and the provision of a zoning I -• ordinance and subdivision regulations that are related to the Plan are legal controls which the Township may utilize to effectuate the Plan. The Public Improvements Program is a method of realizing the public improvements recommended in the Plan. In addition., the various government depanments and the general public may be made aware of the recommendations in the Plan and the logic for its proposals though a public relations program. Plan Adoption The State of Michigan statutes provide for adoption of all or part of the Master Plan (Comprehensive Development Plan) by the Planning Commission following a public hearing. Regarding the legal controls of an adopted Comprehensive Development Plan, the State statutes (Act 168, PA 1959) provide that: "Whenever the Commission shall have adopted the Master Plan of the municipality of one or more major sections or districts thereof, no street, square, park of other public way, ground, or open space, or public building or structure shall be constructed or authorized in the municipality or in such planned section and district until the location., character, and extent thereof '' . ~ shall have been submitted to and approved by the Commission." The importance of official adoption of the Plan as a measure for its implementation is evident in the above section. 133 �Codes and Ordinances Zonin~ Zoning is the division of a community into districts for the purpose of regulating the use of land and buildings, their height and bulk, the proportion of lot that may be covered by them, and the density of population. Regulations in the different kinds of districts may vary, but the regulations in the same district should be identical. Zoning is enacted under the police power of the State for the purpose of promoting health, safety, morals, and general welfare. The purpose of zoning is to assist in orderly development and growth. It is also used to protect values and investments. Because of the impact it can have on the use of land and related services, zoning must be related to the best long-range land use forecasts which is the Comprehensive Development Plan. Zoning is an instrument for effecting that part of the Comprehensive Development Plan relating to the use and development of privately owned land. Zoning is not only an effective tool for the implementation of the Comprehensive Development Plan; it is also of benefit to the individual in the community. It protects a person's home and investment in it against the harmful invasion of business and industry; it requires the spacing of buildings far enough apart to assure adequate light and air for health; it prevents the over-crowding of land beyond the capacity of streets and buildings; it facilitates the economical provision of essential schools and parks; and in many other ways aids in the development of a better community. Brighton Township's existing Zoning Ordinance is based on a Comprehensive Development Plan which has been amended over time to implement the proposed Plan. It must be pointed out that zoning is not static but must be flexible to meet the changing demands of society. Subdivision Controls It is obvious that whomever plans a subdivision or a site condominium project is planning a portion of the Township. In order to keep this development in harmony with Township objectives, the subdivision or parcelling of land must be guided by a public authority. Several direct benefits are realized from the guidance of land subdivision development by the local unit of government. By requiring the subdivider or developer 134 �to put in minimum quality utilities and improve streets, people who purchase the land are not later confronted with unforeseen added expenses. A subdivision or site condominium project with no physical improvements is not only detrimental to itself but also destroys the opportunity for satisfactory development of nearby land. In addition. long-range economy in government can be realized when improvements are provided by the subdivider. In its review of the land subdivision layout, the Planning Commission checks such features as the arrangement and width of streets, particularly as to conformity with the Trafficway Plan, the width and depth of lots; the provision of open space; the grading and surfacing of streets; and the sufficiency of easements for utility and drainage installations. This process of review is one of the major methods of implementing the Comprehensive I~ '-, Development Plan in Brighton Township. The Subdivision Regulations of Brighton Township implement the Comprehensive Development Plan. The regulations encourage the subdivider to use his imagination when developing a parcel of land. It is also their purpose to coordinate the development of adjoining parcels of land to establish a community rather than separate subdivisions with not relation to the community. Similar guidance is inherent in the Township's site condominium requirements. Public Improvements Pro~ram In general, the term "public improvements" includes projects of large size. fLxed nature or long life which provide new or additional public facilities or services. It includes such items as public buildings, parks, sewers, waterworks, and streets. Few municipalities are so fortunate as to have available at any given time sufficient revenues to supply all demands for new or enlarged public improvements. Consequently, most municipalities are faced with the necessity of making decisions as to the relative priority of specific projects and of establishing a schedule for their commencement and completion. The orderly scheduling of public improvements is accomplished best in relationship with a long-range Comprehensive Development Plan. In substance, the Public Improvements Program, also referred to as a Capital Improvements Program, is essentially a planned program for providing public improvements. In operation it proceeds on the basis of a priority list of capital items prepared against the background of current and anticipated demands and present and 135 �potential financial resources in the community. The Public Improvements Program should be considered a major planning tool for guiding public improvements of the municipality along desirable channels and for assuring that they proceed in a desirable manner. It is not a device to encourage the spending of more public monies, but rather a means by which an impartial evaluation of needs can be made, and a timetable established for the development of these projects which are authorized or contemplated. General Principles and Objectives Long-range programming of public improvements is based upon three fundamental considerations. First, the proposed projects must be selected on the basis of community needs. Second, the projects must be developed within the financial resources of the community pursuant to a sound financial plan. Third, the program must be kept flexible through periodic review and revision. Toe observance of these conditions implies the analysis of many factors within the municipality as well as an evaluation of the proposed improvements. Role of the Plannin~ Commission Municipalities have established different practices for the preparation of the longrange Public Improvements Program. It is essential that in the process of its preparation and development, the planning agency be given an input, including authority to review project proposals in order that it may determine if they conform to the Comprehensive Development Plan and in order to make recommendations with respect to priorities, special projects and methods of financing. Once the Planning Commission has adopted the Comprehensive Development Plan, it should annually prepare a Public Improvements Program which is a coordinated and comprehensive program of public structures and improvement for the next six years as to their priority, desirability and cost in this period. Final responsibility for adopting such a capital budget rests with the legislative body, which may accept or revise any of the budget recommendations in the light of legislative policies. Public Relations Departmental Liaison The planning program will continue to require coordination between the Township 136 �Board, the Planning Commission, other Township departments, school boards, officials of adjacent municipalities and citizen groups. The Comprehensive Development Plan is a means of assuring this coordination through its portraying of an overall view of long-range Township needs and potentials. However, the various concerned groups should continue to affect day-to-day liaison to adequately cope with current problems. Public Understanding and Support The necessity of citizen participation and understanding of the planning process and the Comprehensive Development Plan cannot be over-emphasized. A carefully organized public relations program is needed to organize and identify public support in any community development plan. The lack of citizen understanding and support could have serious repercussions in the effectuation and implementation of the planning proposals. The failure to back needed millage issues, failure to elect progressive minded public officials and litigation in public hearing and court cases concerning taxation, special assessments, zoning, and street improvements are some of the results of public misunderstanding and rejection of recommendations in the Comprehensive Development Plan. In order to organize public support most effectively, the Township must emphasize the reasons for the planning program and encourage citizen participation in the planning process. Public education can be achieved through an informational program involving talks, newspaper articles and preparation of simple summary statements on plans for distribution. 137 �H A " T L I, T w ' Iii 0 COMMERCE CITY ~:~,t~n! i~~~~~:J~~,:::':~~~~~:e I~~~. 1 shape 01 dimension . These prapa1als rtflect futur e land uu recommtndallans 8 do not "•ctuarily Imply shorr rono• rtzon lno proposals , 0 A < G A E E N COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN LAND USE ZONING r=·:-'.".:::±B I I \:;:::::::::::::::;:;:\ I B-2 . 8 · 3, 8 · 0S. R0. 8 · 1 SR&D 1-1 . NR ,-, PSP PSP RESIDENTIAL 1/2 140_000 so m I -- I ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MIDDLE SCHOOL GENERAL COMMERCIAL SECONDARY THOROUGHFARE OFFICE COMMERCIAL COLLECTOR - - - - - - PROPOSED EXTENSION/ REALIGNMENT ++I H-+-H-H t+ RAILROAD ~ GENERAL INDUSTRIAL 1111111111111 II SPECIALIZED INDUSTRIAL K;\;:;t~~¥~~;%;~ PUBLIC 8 SEMI -PUBLIC RECREATION / CONSERVATION ~ Brandon Rogers & Associates, P.C. Planning Consultants • A FREEWAY MAJOR THOROUGHFARE ~ RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT ~;~~) r (",' -1 I:,..')',~.-~ ,~ II] TRAFFICWAYS CONVENIENCE COMMERCIAL I (1/2 ACRE) GOVERNMENTAL OFFICES FIRE STATION STATE POLICE POST LI BR ARY SP SINGLE FAMILY (15,000 SOFT) MULTIPLE FAMILY MOBILE HOME RESIDENTIAL l f ACRE) SINGLE FAMILY SMALL ESTATE ~~ •.ES * (2 b";:.rt .:.:,;:·: I rr.7.m .., COUNTRY ESTATE (5 ACRE) COUNTRY RESIDENTIAL RURAL ESTATE 110.000 so m I SUBURBAN t:t:=r:t:::tr:::tl MM•l ,lt M-l COMMUNITY FACILITIES 0 SCALE 800 1600 5 AIIOt'"ltU H\ t'I.A/1, NING lll \1\11._._,o.., JI 'I •• l'i'il TO\1\/NSHIP OF BRIGHTON 2400 3200 FEET LIVINGSTON COUNTV1 MICHIGAN �APPENDIX A BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP COMMUNITY SURVEY Tabulation Sheets Page Questionnaire, Summary of Results A-1 Brighton Township Community Survey Subarea Totals A-10 Question 8, Location of Work A-21 Question 11, What Aspects of Brighton Township are Most Imponant to You A-22 Question 28, Location of Needed Road Improvements A-31 Questions 34, Preferences for Community Development A-32 I l - 138 �SUMMARY OF RESULTS BACKGROUND INFORMATION --·················~••,-:• •....•.•. •:-,. L1 ·· 1/fe,·, ·. ~- ~ ." ;,:...1·• Commcrc:c;;;-~: -~ T.·'.:iP:t~~~" 1· =··~-ll., \ , I :l--•--:2'---': . ' I : • 1. ; ·I 1-~ ,I. '. :\ ;: •: •••.-v;.;;.1~1~• t· !: •· :> , •• 1. :: :: f-+: I - . J: •. - • --~;i li ¼! ·. 1··•• [·0: 1 1- Please indicate in which district on the following map you live. (This will help the planners to know where your ··- interests··and-problems are and how best to solve them.) 1. !.;.......:_..,J,....-_-:::;r-1~•,.;:.. .:;:.t:::_!,..._;;,_ .. I. ~ I : ·:c1-i~..;~~~\\:-! _;i~~~--: • I 1 /• • \ •• • . ' : • C-, , • I f-'"i I '· I •• ~ :•t.1f~~i•, • . : - -·•- ~ : -·7 -. -. , 1·, ~~ --. ~• TTT'i'"+iyr,c ··1 1~~~~-• ~......, --=!-l '- , ._ • .~!"='o:,:-.~-- . : . ' •,,,,.,., Hvnc •-<·-~ -·- • •- ~ - ' 'I I 1 - i •M I N • .- · I :) ~ :-I-: -::i,, ·- . I I 11t" -1.......i.I· =3 I --·=~--~ _,., ·;• I •• - ; ' I 11 • .-c•~· B R1•·• - -;-., .=J-~= ,__ .,c ~1:.....: .; .·D111,., .;-, ·4-~ : • --~-~ ·•• L'-J· ·,•;;•-:-1 • !•,\r~I~ ---- - ~ ; ~ ~ :.. .-~•••-=-V)1· --•,.....::~,..,,.::~ I , · • -" . . . _ ---•a_.,_.,._,,-~..,... . . J • - ·,' ' .a1 . ' • • ·:-:- =i -~ ~ -•;-~ ~~- -~ I -~~ . ' O .11 __,_ w I ··l.,~:J·,=--..!,_ -JQ ..;,_.;.,...., •1 :·. I --< •--~~ I • .~:-" ~--, .'.. Area Area Area Area Area Area •Ill·•··. •;.~:~~!.•: : ,---~:';. I ~:.,t.: . ' ,, ' ' j ~ • :• / • . •,,.._-:,.._"-~ : ~ ~ • •~1~~~;t:_==-::-; · · "' · ••---··-·t.,..., ..... , ' I - -- • --~, , ... I ..., '' ,. •l'( -~····~-- ; ..._ -·-. I · :P. .., ·~ t:-1•~•• : ,-;,- - . •. . ::,; I~-,:'{~ ::=: ::.-::::.:t:.J_·\_~~ill~ ,. ' • !-~ 1 1'·, ::.:.-. , ,.:.:.-t. Jccoby 1 1 · • ,, i ; • ..-,: ~f'-. ,... .. .. ~ · 1 -.lii ••••, .............. .,--:---,..--1~ -- -1·ar--:-- ... , . . ·-- 1 ·-· - • · ' , , . • • • ; . ,., • • ~ ,i;:• ...._ · 'Jj'" .,.-,. -,! '""' .. • :. -,) ' -- • •• -- . • •• 1 '• '.:\·i • '-',-o~•,t.,_.•'-.· :~\: • 1 I l:· 1:• ,r· :: • O' LJ:·- ~ •;i .., .. ·. I • ·-t ! '-r,,.. -. • ·r=-:~ \ o,. ..;+·.• : : ,, ' . ' . ·. 11 ......_ ~ i 1· . R I• G' . • I I ; ; . iSpcnc:er ' TOTAL •• 2. . ij • L 8-"<:••·---------·-· l . • 11 ..0E r: . ·E·-11 • .• • , bi. - .r- •• 1-1,-,--1 .- • ·m1 , I · ·1'•~- ,.......~ :..!.t, ·; 1 f.f.;, .1 \.t;_: ,·,.-= • •-; ,.. • /rJ\I . • ,~ I ·rn- - --.- ,1-Bj-·,. · 3. ) ) 22 37 1,944 o. Single Family House Multiple Family Unit Mobile Home ( ) 99.5 ( ) 0. 3 ( ) 0.2 When did ye~ move into your present dwelling? Less than 1 year () 5.5 ( ) 33.0 5 to 10 years Over 10 years ( ) 35.3 ( ) 26.2 Where did you live before you came to Brighton Township? Wayne County Oakland County Livingston County 5. 290 ) 389 ) 37 Grand River 1 to 5 years 4. ) Please indicate which description best describes your dwelling. I .... -:• • 1'ij _L/-L..i..i::7= • 1-• .~7-;.~... ·~ f.,~.·· ~,- • ss,:: .. ··=·.t• C 1/- ..... ::, J -= • 1'111 .. I ~ •••~,c~,.• 0 ~ ·•-- , Cl• ' - •~ --" ,17 " ·-"-·t· :· • -._.•·1~. .H --:--i- ·- • - ·'--·· ·". ' ..~ •• 1·-: ~t:::. > . 1::.·.!l1,- : I i - -0 • '.. . . _,,... ~ -t.1' ... 1~·-.: :~,,;. -~ ~:··~ ~--- ~ _g • ••• . i:.-.;, -<( 111·--:-.:·- •=11 ,I·-· , ·• J.: ;.l[.J••... ~~••lii_llli~•••••uii•~;"·' /,j/ '"'.° ~ • • . . • ~ -~ . 1-,- I ;·•.-.. ·.•.i: 6 - • .. ). !···••If_· ~ ·'.-~ · - ~ 1-·· ·-,~:Fr· , ~. .: ~•~••••'aia•• • •,-,.A • - • a• •• ·-•• •a•'b. •• A \ A ( ) 158 Area G ( B ( ) 132 Area H ( C ( ) 45 Area I ( D ( ) 177 Area J ( E ( ) 488 Other ( F ( ) 169 ( ) 2 1• 2 Washtenaw County ( ) 31. 3 Outstate ( ) 42. 1 Out of State If you were to move: - would you - would you would you - would you buy another home? rent an apartment? buy a condo? prefer a mobile home? Yes ...i5....5 Yes _Q_J Yes --1....5 Yes __!L.B No No No No ( ) 2.8 ( ) ( ) 0. 8 1• 8 If answer is yes, in Brighton Township? Yes I No 1,402 -ill (.IL 2% ) ___{18 %) - continued A-1 �6. ' How many person of the following ages live in your house? Under 5 years old Between 5 and 13 Between 14 and 17 Between 18 and 44 Between 45 and 64 65 and over ~ 7. Male years years years years 230 151 940 1;45 142 Female 167 268 132 1,084 726 184 Total 343 498 283 2,024 1,306 326 7.2 10. 4 5.9 42.3 27.3 6.8 If you have school age children now, please indicate how many and where they go to school. Number of Children Name of School No children Nursery Elementary School Junior High School High School College or Unive r sity 8. 176 ...513-. 29.5 -22.0_ll.3 Ji.5.L 23.3 ..2..ft.9- I 2 • 8 ...lBL 9.6 -2filL. 13.6 Where is the head of the household and spouse employed? Head of Household Location: Type of ~usiness or occupation: SEE SEPARATE TAB Spouse Location: .· ~.Type of , bus.i ness of .. occupation: Business at home: Self Employed: Employed Part-time: Unemployed: Retired: Business at home: Self Employed: Employed Part-time: Unemployed: Retired: - continued - A-2 �9. Please indicate where you and your family go for the following services and goods. (Multiple responses are permissable.) -- C1J 1.14 0 0 .µ .µ C Ul C Ul C 0 11) C1J ll) .;.I .c ...;C"I ITEM l,..j al 1.14 0 >, .µ ..., u 0 ~ .µ ..c: .. C"I l,..j • .., ll) l,..j .> ..; al ~lj.,i 'O C C1J 0 .µ C1J ll) l,..j l,..j C1J ..c: l,..j • ..; ~ .. C"I ll) l,..j 0 .~ .., 'O CJ l,..j 11) 0 0 0. l,..j ..-I .., ~ < ~ tll 11) ~ Ul C C 1.14 C1J 11) .-I al :c: < ~~ lj.,i lj.,i ll) ll) l,..j 0 0 0 C"I C1J >, .µ ..; C1J >, .µ ..; ...; . .... .......; > .µ :> z Cl 81 620 ...,> 0 u IC .-I .-I ll) 'O >, i:: >, .µ C1J .µ l,..j • ..; c., >, ll) l,..j 1.14 l,..j •..; c., u . u u 0 C1J 0 1507 184 167 61 90 1179 166 172 56 108 73 Clothing 949 147 151 56 122 44 1286 Furniture &Appliances 936 134 115 70 76 79 1012 Take-out & Fast food Restaurants 981 194 137 88 120 52 380 Auto service 928 150 115 60 78 103 301 1078 169 1.'.+8 98 80 106 594 970 15i 168 45 109 55 987 151 146 52 90 Groceries Pharmaceuticals Prescriptions & Banking Doctor/Dentist Emergency health care 828 C1J ll) l,..j .µ ..., -- 0. ro 0 l,..j l,..j (l) °' LI'\ (l) ..c: .µ I ~ 0 986 10 38 5 10 33 1126 Ory cleaning 885 13~ I 44 5L 103 34 304 Dinner out 92 . 17E 17~ Bi 129 75 440 15 15 5 Movies, Plays, Concerts 87E 10~ 11 ~ SE 133 3S 384 5 5 5 - continued A-3 �10. Are you satisfied with the availability and location of the above services and establishments listed in Question 9? Yes, I am satisfied () JJ.2 No, I am not satisfied because___.....,_....._____________ OPINIONS ANO PERSPECTIVES ON PLANNING 11. What aspects of Brighton Township are most important to you? (The following list suggests some features which you feel may or may not enhance the Township. Please indicate the three most important features by writing numb~rs 1, 2 or 3 for the priority of each in the blanks provided. Large home sites Rural atmosphere Good schools Low taxes Recreation ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) Highway accessibility to shopping and jobs in region Security (police, fire) Sense of community with neighbors .,J The following statements represent opinions :>, ,-4 about planning related objectives and means "' ru §' ru i to achieve them. ?lease indicate for each statement how strongly you agree or disagree. 0, .,J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CJ) i CJ) rutJ .,J 6 8~ -c ~i ]] ( ) ( ) ( ) ru ~ ~ 0, 0, C ~ "' rn 0~ rn -~ .,J 0 CJ) 12. As a community, Brighton Township should try to maintarn a low density, rural 66. 1 12.0 6.3 8.7 7.0 atmosphere. 13. Concerning public services, is there a need in Brighton Township for: Full time nolice deoartment Area-wide aarbaae collection - ~ :2 ~ 62.5 11. I 8.6 11. 1 6.7 65.8 9.4 10.0 9.8 4.9 Improved volunteer fire department - 72,6 8.3 7.6 5,7 5.7 14 . Adequate public services are more important than low taxes . 15. More opportunities for apartments and townhouses should be provided in Brighton Township. 6.4 12.0 12. 5 61.5 7.6 17.3 9,9 10.3 19.6 42.9 - continued A-4 �16. There is a need for senior citizen housing in Township: - Individual living accommodations - Units with support services, congregate dining, etc. 25.7 12.0 13.8 23.7 24.8 38, 1 14.0 13.0 19. 1 15. 9 Comments or further explanation of the above items: 17. Brighton Township currently consists of pockets of residential subdivisions, undeveloped areas, commercial uses along Grand River Avenue and Old U.S. 23, gravel pits and portions of GM Proving Ground and Kensington Metropark. There has been discussion about the types of land uses which should be encouraged in the Township in the future. Your opinion on this land use policy is need. Please indicate your preferences for future land use development below. (Multiple answers permitted.) Single-family residential Preferred density: Large parcels - over five acres Moderate size lots - 2.5 acres Average size lots - one to two acres Small size lots - 15,000 square feet to one acre ( ) 46.0 33.5 39,4 25. 1 2.0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Single-family residential with same condominium townhouses and apartments ( ) 1. 1 New planned neighborhood shopping areas ( ) o. 1 Light industrial parks and research and development enterprises ( ) 5.7 Reservation of land having unique or special natural value Sand and gravel excavation ( ) 39,7 ( ) 7.4 - continued A-5 �Please indicate your agreement or disagreement with the following statements. -~ ' >, .j,J ,....., n::: ..c C'I (l) (l) l,,j C'I ,< C: 0 :.. ..,J C/) (l) (l) 3 (l) :.. E C'I < 0 (l) >, (l) ..-I 1--1 1--1 C'I C'I C: co ..c C'I 3 .j,J -C: (l) ..,J (l) 3 0 0 C: Cl~ co 1--1 (l) en E ro o 3 ...; 0 (Jl :.. • ..; .j,J (Jl Cl C/l Cl CJ:l (l) 0 C: z ,< -- -- - - -- - - -18. r • ( !. There should be a low density rural estate area (5-10 acre parcel size) in some portions of the Township. C/) 59.9 11. I 10. 1 11. 1 7.8 19. There is a need for housing for moderate income families and senior citizens. 29.5 7,3 13.2 23.2 26.7 20. Housing for moderate income families and 29,9 16.2 16.4 16.2 21. 4 senior citizens should be privat~ly sponsored. 21. There is a need for a balanced tax and employment base in the Township supported by commercial/office/light industrial uses. 22. The present type of commercial buildings 43.6 7.8 13. 8 13.9 20.9 being built in the Township are attractive. I , r ., 33.9 10.9 17.0 15.6 22.5 Additional comments: I , Certain roads and thoroughfares have traffic and access problems. Please indicate your agreement or disagreement with the following statements. ....>, C'I (l) (l) C 0 :.. :.. 0-, ,< .j,J C/) .j,J (l) .j,J ro ..c w ro :.. ..c 0-,3 ro w (l) (l) 3 l,,j .j,J E -C: C'IO ,< C/) 3 0 Cl ~ (l) 0 C: en E ...; 0 Cl Cl.l (l) >, (l) ..-I l,,j 0-, 0-, C: :.. (l) ro o (Jl l,,j • ..; ..,J Cl CJ:l 3 (Jl 0 C: :z ,< I 23. Traffic control should be improved along 80.: 8.8 6.9 3.2 o.8 Grand River Avenue. - continued A-6 �.µ >, ~ (l) (l) O"I C: 0 i... i... O"I J.J ~ Cl) (l) (lJ co .c: 3 .µ (I) i... E O"I 0 .µ rel (lJ co i... .c: O"I 3 - 3: 0 0 C/l C: ,,-j C: ~ Cl) (lJ (lJ Cl ::,:: E 0 a en (lJ >, (lJ,.... i... O"I O"I C: rel 0 C/l i... ,µ a cr.i •,-j 24 . Traffic control should be improved along 74.J 6.9 4.6 9.4 Old U.S. 23. 4.7 25. Local Township roads need improvement. 70.9 4.0 26. Private road development should be approved by the Township. 40.0 11. 5 11.8 19.7 1].0 7. 1 8.2 9.8 i... CJ 3: Cl) 0 C: z~ Additional comments: 27. Where would you like to see a new freeway interchange(s) in the Township? Pleasant· Valley Road and I-96 Spencer Road and U.S. 23 Hilton Road and U. S. 23 Hyne Road and U.S. 23 No new ones needed 28. 17. 6 ) 14.0 ) 33.9 ) 18.8 ) 15.8 ( ) ( ( ( ( What roads do you feel need ·improvement? ( Please be specific) SEE SEPARATE TAB - continued A-7 �Regarding community facilities, there are needs in the Township for governmental and recreational facilities. Please indicate your degree or agreement or disagreement with the following statements. >, ,j,J ..... Q) Q) 1.-4 O"I C: 3 0 Q) 1.-4 1.-4 E O"IJ.J ~ .c Q) Q) CJ) O"I 0 ~ CJ) >, Q) ,j,J Q) Q) 1.-4 1.-4 O"I 1.-4 O"I C: Q) co a, ..... co .c O"I 3 ,j,J -C: co 3 0 0 C: Q) fJl E -~ 0 Ci Ci ::.::: CJ) co 0 fJl 1.-4 ~ ,j,J Ci CJ) 3 0 29. There are no police protection problems in the Township which would warrant 150. 6 11. 4 7.5 17. 5 13. 1 expanded security services. 30. There are no fire protection problems in the Township which would warrant expanded services. 49.4 fJl C: z~ 11.9 7.6 16.7 14.3 7 I. l..., 31. 32. Emergency health care facilities are needed in the Township area. 172. 2 The Township should be progressive and initiate a recycling program and center. 52,3 8.8 6. 1 6.5 8. 1 6.9 6.4 8.8 23.8 Additional comments: 33. What kind of recreational facilities would you most like to see developed or improved in the Township? None Playgrounds Gymnasiums Indoor Community Center Swimming Pools Parks, picnic areas 34. ' - ( ) 1. 4 ( ) 8.5 ( ) 2. 5 ( ) 4.• 6 ( ) o. 5 Nature trails, bridle, trails, bikeways Tennis Courts Handball/Racquetball Others (pleas~ specify) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) 43. 1 2.2 0 ( ) 37.2 Please indicate in rank order your preferences by writing the numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. in the blanks below for those service which should be improved. SEE SEPARATE TAB Improvement of local roads Additional police protection Recycling center Additional fire protection Garbage and waste collection Other (please specify) ( ) ( ) ( ) (. ) ( ) ( ) - continued A-8 �35. Would you be willing ta pay additional taxes for the services listed in Question 34? Yes No 36. ()75.1 ( ) 24.9 Do you belong to any· organization that works ta improve conditions Yes~ No --13..:J. 37. Names of Group(s) __________ Have you tried to get any groups or Brighton Township officials ta do anything about some of the things you don't like in the Township? Yes~ No ..1.L..I What were the results of your effort? ____________ Name and address of group: Please feel free to make any additional comments. Thank you for your help in returning this survey and for your interest in Brighton Township's Planning Program and future.You are invited ta attend meetings of the Township Planning Commission which are held in the Township Hall, 4363 Buno Road, just north of Spencer Road near U.S. 23 Freeway, at 7:30 p.m. the second T_uesday of each month. BMRA 10/26/89 A-9 �,..... - ,. r I C • ' -- --·- -1 'J •• TABLE A-I BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP COHHUNITY SURVEY A guest ion 1lo. l 8 llo. 1 ilo. C i 0 No. Z2ni:~ ·i I. Total Responses 158 132 2. Residence Type - sing le faml ly - multlple - mob I le home 150 s 3 95.0 132 J. 3 0 2.0 0 Hove Into home - less than I year - 1-5 years - 5-10 years - 10+ years 22 45 66 25 14 . O 0 28,5 55 42 . 0 JO IS.8 7 0 0 4 I. 7 15 53.0 20 5.3 10 0 JJ.O 44.o 22.0 10 40 73 54 5.6 22.6 4 I. 2 30,5 Former res I d,;nce Co. - Oakland Co. - LI v I ngston Co. - Washtenaw Co. - Outstate - Out of State JO JO 83 10 0 5 22.0 22.0 60. I 7,2 0 3.6 15.2 37,9 39.4 J.8 0 3,8 10 15 20 0 0 0 22.0 33.0 44.o 0 0 0 J. 4. - 1/ayne s. 6. . u .,. 11> 0 " 20 50 52 5 0 5 100.0 0 0 .... 0 !t No. % I H G No. % No, % No. J % No. % 22 TOTAL No. 1i Other No. % I ;944 45 I 7/ 4118 169 290 389 45 0 0 100.0 177 0 0 0 0 100 . 0 488 0 0 0 0 100.0 169 0 0 0 0 100.0 290 0 0 0 0 100.0 389 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 37 0 0 100.0 0 0 22 0 0 100.0 0 0 37 0 0 40 168 145 135 R.2 5 34. 4 75 29.7 48 27 . 7 40 J.O 44 . 6 28.6 23.8 10 95 80 105 3,4 20 3,3 115 27 .6 150 36.2 110 5.1 29. I 38,0 27,8 0 12 15 10 0 32.4 40.5 27 .o 0 10 7 5 0 45.4 31. 8 22. 7 0 12 15 10 0 32.4 40.5 27 .o 107 642 689 511 35 45 77 5 0 10 20.3 130 26.2 165 4.5 173 2.9 15 0 5 5. 8 0 26,7 31, 33,8 70 35.5 65 0 3. I 1.0 0 0 0 20. I 70 41. 4 85 38,5 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 24. I 70 29.3 110 46.6 165 20 0 0 10 0 15 I 7,9 5 28.2 15 42 . 3 I 7 0 5.1 0 2.6 0 J.8 13.5 40.5 45.9 0 0 0 2 10 10 0 0 0 9.1 45.5 45.5 0 0 0 5 12 20 0 0 0 13.5 32.4 54 . 1 0 0 0 411 607 817 55 15 35 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,85 I 5 68 15 95.5 0,3 3,5 o.8 4.S 343 498 9.0 10.8 283 JS. I 2,024 28.8 1,306 II. 7 326 7.2 10.4 5,9 42.3 27.3 6.8 37 If I moved - buy another house - rent an apartment - buy a condo - prefer a mob I le home 138 5 10 0 90.2 129 0 3.3 6.5 3 0 0 97,7 40 0 0 2. 3 5 0 0 80.0 167 0 0 20.0 10 0 0 91,. 4 468 0 0 5.6 15 0 s 95.9 154 0 0 3. I 15 1.0 0 91 . I 285 0 0 8.9 5 0 0 98. 3 374 0 0 I. 7 5 10 0 96.l Age groups - Under 5 - S-IJ - 14-17 - I8- 44 - 45 -64 - 651 years 26 53 18 195 48 16 7. 3 I11. 9 5. I 54.8 IJ . 5 4.5 28 42 28 173 so 39 7.8 14 II. 7 26 8 7.8 118. I 45 IJ.9 43 10. 8 12 9.5 37 17.6 47 5.4 27 30.4 206 29. I 115 8. I 21 8.2 10. 4 6.0 45.5 25.4 4. 6 BA ].6 26 8.o 46 J.6 23 40.6 154 32.6 159 7.6 36 5.9 60 10 . 1, 72 5.2 52 34.7 341 JS.8 271 8, I 43 7.2 49 8.6 85 6.2 56 40.6 334 32.3 I 72 5.1 31 6.7 7 7 16 ] . ] 12 45.9 41 23.7 29 4.J 21 92 41 468 375 88 - Cont i nued - >• F E No. 0 I. 3 2.6 II. 37 0 0 0 S.6 3 12. 7 9 6 9.5 32.5 28 23.0 12 16. 7 6 37 4. 7 11,.1 9.4 43.8 18.8 9.4 5 10 12 39 32 IJ 100,0 1,936 0 5 0 3 99.5 0.3 0.2 5,5 n.o 35.3 26.2 21. 2 I 31. 1 42. I 1 2.8 0.8 1.8 �TABLE A-I (Cont.) BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP COMMUNITY SURVEY Zones B A Qu<!Hion 1. 8. Number or scl,ool a!Je children at s(.lioul - None - Nursery - Elementary - J . H. S. - H. S. - Co 11 ege Retired " '°" 9. (see attached matrixes) 10. Are you satisfied with aval labl llty and location of services and sales eHablishments In Tmsnship7 - Yes - No IJ I t. ..., 0 t No. % D No. % No. 68 35 20 20 15 0 110. 5 20.8 12 .0 12 .0 s.o 0 33 24 . J 17 12 . 5 27 19.9 19 14.o I 5 11.0 25 18.4 25 4J . 9 0 0 5 8.8 5 8.8 12 21.0 10 I 7. 5 25 15 24. I 138 25.0 5. I 60 10.8 27.9 15~ 28.0 I 7. 7 57 10. 3 15.B 25 '•· 5 9.5 II 8 21. 3 20 5 0 5 66.7 16. 7 0 16.7 20 5 0 0 80.0 20.0 0 0 10 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 8 0 0 69.3 30.8 0 0 10 10 0 10 3J . 3 33. 3 0 33.3 95 28 n. 2 22.8 so ]I . 11 28.6 62 92.5 7. 5 5 7S 31, 68 . 8 4JS 3 I. 2 60 87.9 12. I JS 8 '28•'• 20 Type of Oevelopu,cnt Preferred (see special tab) - Cont inut·il - •....' .... E % G F No. % No. % % SJ JS 27 24 26.6 8.3 24. 3 17.4 12. '• 11.0 66 38 60 44 JO 44 2 j. '• 13.S 21. J 15.6 10.6 IS.6 8 31,. 8 15 65 . 2 0 0 0 0 18 8 0 0 69.3 30.8 0 0 24 0 75.0 25 .o 0 0 67 . 6 33.4 202 29 87.4 12.6 235 130 64.4 35 . 6 JB.7 15. 7 22.1 15 74 I5 7.4 18 8. 8 '•S 79 32 58 ia J I H No. No. % 28 No. t 35.9 6.11 22 28.2 12 15.4 1 9.0 4 S. I 12 48 . 0 0 0 8 32.0 3 12 .o 2 8.0 0 0 5 4 I. 7 3 25.0 0 0 4 33.3 4 66.7 2 33.3 0 0 0 0 61 . 7 38.3 19 67. 9 9 32. I s Other No. % 28 7 14 B 3 6 TOTt;l No. _l_ 42.4 10 . 6 21. 2 12. I 4.S 9.1 573 220 453 249 186 264 4 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "''64 29.S II . 3 23.J 12.8 9.6 13.6 location of c111ployment or head of household and spouse ( See speci a I tat,) Business at home Se If employed Unemployed w Jio. C No. i JI 5 55 8 0 29 18 24 9 0 19 72. 7 I, J41 27.J 397 77. 2 22.8 �------, •• J •• TABLE A-I (Cont.) BRIGttTON TOWNSIII P COHHUN ITV S'JRVEY Zones _ _ _A~----8~----,,,-- C __ _ __o_____.;c.E~_ _ _. .;.F_____c-'--____ H ~ - - - - ' ~ - - - - J ~___o_t_h_e=-r_ _ _T.:. .cO:. .,T. c,A...L_ .:, .Q=.:ue:. :s:. .:t. :. I:on : . ;-'--_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _N_o-'-.---'%'----_ _N_o...c.._%'--__N_o._ %_ _ No. % __ No. i,___...cNcco:.:.'--..::.%_ _.;.;.No;:;..:. .--'%'--_-'-N...:.o-'--._%;..___N_o...c._%-'-----N'-o_.'---'%___N_o-'--._%'--_---'N--'o'-'._ _ % 12. As a con•nun I t y , 8r i 9h ton Township should try to m,,lntaln a low dcnslty, ural atmosphere. - 13. agree stron9ly agree somewhat don't know disagree somewhat disagree strongly 0 63.3 IS.8 11. It 9. 5 0 65 56.5 29 25.2 6 s.2 10 8. 7 Ito 0 0 88.9 5 0 II. I 0 46.5 I 3.0 1.0 0 0 S It. 3 45 20 19 21 10 39. I I 7. It 16.S 18. 3 8.7 20 80 60.6 30 22.7 12 9. I 10 7.6 35 7~.5 0 0 20.s 0 0 82 52.2 320 25 15.9 IS 25 15 . 9 19 15 9.6 25 10 6.4 Its 7S. '> 3.5 50.0 )lilt 10. 7 2S 16 11. It 30 19 13. 6 25 20 I It. 3 Ito 69 30 27 13 120 ;•s.o 160 57.3 215 65.2 60 19 30 10 21.5 6.8 10.8 3.6 Ito 74.1 5.4 6.5 5.4 8.6 108 66.7 200 15 5 3. I 20 12.3 2 20 12.3 35 5.6 25 9 72.2 80 60 25 lio 30 34.o 25.5 10.6 ]2. I 109 74.o 1.0 6.5 10 140 25 29 26 It . s 5.9 10 . 6 II 9 20 0 6.9 S.6 12.5 0 10 15 50 27 73.0 15 0 0 0 0 0 12. I 3.0 4.5 10 27 .o IS. I 0 0 71. ~ 0 " 19.0 9.5 2 0 0 17 56.7 I, 161 210 5 16. 7 0 5 3 0 16.7 1.0 110 152 123 66.1 12.0 6.3 8.7 1.0 Concerning Public Services, there Is a need In Brighton for full-time Police Oepartmen t. - agree strongly agree somewhat don't know disagree somewhat disagree strongly Area-Wide Garbage Collect Ion: - agree strongly - agree somewhat - don't know - d I sagree somewha l - disagree strongly .,, 100 2S 18 15 115 72.8 2S 18 15.8 0 0 90 15 11. It 0 0 65.2 10.9 18 13.0 IS 10.9 0 0 0 0 IS 8 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 70 IS 10 46.J 20. I 310 30 28 I 8. I 8. 7 32 6. 7 30 0 ].It 20 1.0 0 78. '• 7.2 0 Iii.It 0 185 0 31 29 5 5.4 0.7 12.6 9.0 0 12.4 11.6 2.0 25 67.6 5 2. I 15 0 0 0 5. 3.0 12.8 7 0 0 9 0 S6.o 2S 67.5 lit 0 8 It 0 0 10.8 0 8 0 0 0 I 8 64. 3 II 11.0 10.0 11.6 10.lt 30 12 .o 84.5 200 6.9 0 I. 7 38 5 15 5.2 12 30 5 I. 7 71. It 21.6 51. 7 0 I. 7 3.8 0 63.6 36.li 19 62.5 0 II.I 5li. 3 1,041 0 18S 0 0 143 185 9 25.7 7 10 8.6 II.I 111 6.7 33. 3 1,067 16. 7 153 0 162 33. 3 159 65.8 9.4 20.0 0 0 0 5 0 10 5 3 61.1 16.7 15 0 0 It 0 0 22.2 0 9 26.5 5 lit. 7 S 14. 7 16.7 80 10.0 9.8 4.9 Improved Volunteer "'II Fi re Depa rt men l: o.,. - agree strongly - agree somewhdt don't know - disagree somewhat - disagree stron9ly 100 63.3 IS 9.5 23 lit. 6 0 70 0 12 7 90 69.2 40 31. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 S5.6 IOI 77.1 6 13. 3 6.9 9 14 31. I 11 8.4 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 38 12.0 110 10 5.4 0 9.3 IS 7.6 20 It. 9 29S 35 - C.ontinu<"d - > ....N I 22 8.5 5 78.6 245 7. I 20 0 10. 7 3.6 0 I 3,6 4.3 10.7 0 It 6 0 0 14. 3 21. It 0 lilt. I 1,200 131: 0 12(, 9~; 9~; 72 .6 8.3 7.6 5.7 5.7 �TABLE A-I (Cont.) BRIGIITON TOWNSHIP COHHUNITY SURVEY Zones B A No. Question 14. % No. % No. E % No. agree strongly agree somewhat don't kn01, disagree some.ihat disagree strongly agree strongly agree somewhat don't know disagree somewhat disagree strongly 68 30 14 4).0 19.0 8.9 II ].O 22. 2 35 75 ]3.5 10 9.8 15 tit. 7 15 14. 7 I 7 16. 7 25 I]. 3 0 SB . I 0 8 18 . 6 70 10 G % 0 0 0 45 10 23.) Ito J 0 0 42. 4 305 68.S I IS JO. I 6. I IS 9.1 7.9 JS 8. 1 G 0 0 36 27.3 25 IS. 2 29 6.5 1,0 9.0 21,.2 5.5 9 15 23 25 9, 5 I 4.6 15.8 22 8 6.) 20 15. 7 )2 25.2 33 22. 8 62 42.8 23. 2 7. I 12 . 4 5S 14 35 . 0 5 3. I JO I 7. I 165 40. 2 50 3 I. 4 35 22.0 18 23 . 3 27 . 9 JB.7 19 43. I 28 16 . 3 9':i 0 11. 11 tlt .5 2. 9 29 51 3I . 3 311. 9 10 12 so.6 15 25.9 30 22.6 6 4. 5 25 18.0 22 16 . 7 0 5 JO . I 24.8 25 18.9 20 45 .5 2S 5 Sit 10 7. 6 0 0 60 )5.4 19.3 8.3 6.9 19. 9 14. I I. 4 13.2 51. 4 Bo 45 28 12 10 20 13.5 83 13 8. 8 59 20 I 3. 5 6 30 20.3 55 65 ltJ.9 215 7. O 24 40 33 ~o 37.9 18. 9 ..., 0 - Continued - w No. No. % % No. % No. TOTAi_ Other No. % J H No. :t No. % 19 61. 3 tltO 60.0 240 0 30 12. 8 20 15 6 . lt 20 8.5 Ito 29 12. 4 1,0 J0 . 6 50 18,6 20 7 . It 15 5.6 9 3.3 175 65. I 14. I 9.4 17.2 12 36.4 4 12. I 0 0 5.9 11 . B 5 7 II. 8 0 0 9 110. 9 5 22.7 16. I 0 22 . 6 0 8 36,4 0 0 0 20 0 0 12 0 62.5 1,086 0 135 0 )7.5 0 61. 5 7.6 II 3 6.11 212 220 12.0 12 .5 45 30 0 0 60 129 18.8 14 lt2.4 40.4 3 9. I Bo 25 . 5 23.2 62 58 65 25.0 49 19.lt 18 . 5 20.7 15 . 6 55 10 2 5 S 0 1t.5 9. I 22. 7 22.7 0 10 45 .5 0 0 9 3 0 0 8 26.7 0 0 296 171 176 17. 3 9.9 10.3 19.6 42.9 10 )3. 5 3 16. 7 7 23. 3 33S 734 There Is a need for Senior citizen housing In Township. J~!!_i v I dua I_~ Ac conw1.:>dd I I on s --- agree stronyly - agree son~what - do11't know - disagree so111e1v'1Jt - disagree strunyly -•. f % Hore upportuni ties for apartn~nts or to•mhouses should be provided In Brighton Township . - 16. No. 0 Adequate pub I IL services are more l111pona nt than low taxes. - IS. % C 8. 8 50 38 57 65 70 17 .9 I 3.6 20.4 14 42.4 4 12. I 12 36.4 3 9. I 0 CJ 110,9 IJ .6 tit 5 0 9 4 It). 8 I 5.6 0 28. I 12. 5 lt45 208 239 410 429 25."/ 12 .o I). 8 23 . 7 24.8 �,- .,.~ -. j TABLE A- I (Cont.) BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP COHHUNITY SURVEY Zones Question No. A % C B No. % No. E 0 % No. G f % No. % 3I. 3 12 . 5 0 3 I. J 25.0 165 45 43 37 40 50 . 0 1).6 13.0 11. 2 12. I 42.8 No. I H No. "No. TOTI\L No. % Other No . % J No. % No . % 30 20 5 26 29 50 . 0 12.5 3. l 16.3 18.1 100 15 27 43 40 44.4 6.7 12 .0 19. I 17.8 JO 40 45 39 41 15 . ,, 20 . 5 23. l 20,0 21.0 14 9 5 4 J 40 . 0 25.7 14. 3 11.4 8.6 12 10 0 0 0 54.5 45.5 0 0 0 18 45.0 554 203 0 0 l 4 35 . 0 . 189 277 3 75 . 0 231 5 12 . 5 JS. I 14.o 13 . 0 19. l 15.9 190 42.2 204 56.2 J60 57. l 74 42 . 8 25 )). ) 6J 50.0 1,611 46.0 % % 'l: (Cont I nued) 16 . Units with sueeo rt services - agree strong I y - agree somewhat - don't know - disagree son~what - disagree strongly 45 23 I7 40 18 15 Jlt. O 4 9. I 10 22.7 15 J4. I 0 0 50 20 0 50 40 32 . ) 1)8 42 . 7 J40 32.) 60 4) . 5 60 24.2 50 0 8 IJ.4 220 155 28. I 100 ,. . 5 0 46 . ) 32 . 6 21. I 0 5 5.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2.9 0 0 0 185 23.3 0 0 0 36 . 6 72 41. 9 47 47 . 5 54.2 180 22.6 260 10 . 2 22 12 . 8 15 15. 2 ). I 90 I1111e d - II.) 0 3 I. 2 16. l 11.9 28.0 12.6 25 25.0 l 7 17.0 23 23 . 0 20 20.0 15 15.0 1,0. 7 65 JS 50 27 25 27 . I )5.7 19.3 I 7. 9 )2 4) 23 7 30 . 5 41.0 21.9 6.7 20 27 15 0 25 8. 5 8 4.7 2 0.7 0 10 ).4 108 )0 Preferences for future I and use deve I opmcn t : I 7. - single faml ly residential Preferred density : large parcel (over 5 acres) - moderate size lots - average size lots - smal I size lots 120 - - - ." "' - " v, ..., 0 sing le faml ly resldentlal with some tondomlnlums and apartments new planned nel globo rhuod shopping areas liyht industrial parks and research and development enterprises 37.8 32 I). It 0 '.}0 75 Bo 0 )6.7 J0.6 32.7 0 55 Bo 50 0 25 . 9 56.0 18.1 0 28 40 31 0 28 . J Ito . It 3 I. 3 0 0 20 15 0 0 57. I 42.9 0 25 25 18 0 )6.8 )6.8 26.5 0 661 776 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 JS I. I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 O. l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 5. 7 29.7 93 It) .2 201 27.0 65 0 0 lt94 Ito 3).5 39,4 25. I 1.,0 - reservat Ion of land having unique or special natural value 175 57 . B 144 39.7 245 JB.8 73 42.2 25 33 . 3 6) 4. I 26 4. l 26 15.0 25 )).) 0 50.0 I, 392 - sand and gravi:I excavat Ion 10 - - > I . i. ( (l n t 0 15 0 259 )9 . 7 7. ,, �TABLE A-I (Cont.) BRIGHTON TO~NSHIP COH11UNITY SURVEY Zones Quest ion 16. 19, 20. -v .,,., There should Le a ''"'area dens I ty rural estate (5 - 10 acre parcel size) In some portion ~ o f the Township. - agree strongly - agree somewlhlt - don't know - disagree some'"hat - disagree strongly There Is a need for housing for To•mshlp moderat e income faml lies and senior citizen s. - agree strong I y - agree somewholt - don't know - disagree somewhat - disagree strongly No. A % C B No. % No. i E 0 No. % No. % No. J % No. 't No . t so.It 20 SI . 3 4 10 . 3 ]. 7 3 9 23 . I 3 7,7 II S 68.5 272 20 11.9 JO 5, 4 42 9 5,4 lt8 9 15 8.9 29 6l1 , 6 7. I 10 . 0 II . It 6,9 100 10 14 IS 10 67. I 6. 7 9,4 10.0 6. 7 90 29 30 10 24 '•9 . 2 125 IS.8 '•S 16,lt 28 5, 5 It] I 3. 1 30 1ts.s 18.6 11.6 19.4 0 16 . 4 10. 2 I 7. I 10.9 30 81.1 2 5. 4 0 0 0 0 5 13.5 II 52.4 4 19 . 0 3 14 . 3 3 I 4. 3 0 0 50 20 19 IS 20 110 , 3 16 . I 15,3 12. I 16.1 22 15 25 25 30 18.8 12 . 8 21. It 21.lt 25,6 15 37 , 5 It 10.0 9 22.5 4 10.0 8 20.0 4S 26 . S 65 I 3 7,6 3I 23 13.5 59 ltlt 25.9 so 45 25,9 209 15.7 7.5 14. 3 12.1 so.s ~o 19 31 30 20 3 12. 7 20.7 20,0 13,3 75 10 40 50 45 34. I 1'10 It .5 0 18.2 10 22. 7 160 65 20.5 37. 3 0 2.7 42.7 17,3 15 44. I 4 11. 7 0 0 9 26.S 6 17.6 9 42,8 It 19.0 5 23.8 2 9.5 I 0.5 42.0 12.6 16.0 8. It 21. 0 25 25 25 20 30 20.0 20.0 20.0 16.0 24.0 4 9.S 15 35.7 14 33,3 5 I I. 9 4 9.5 45 15 25 32 40 80 75 80 Bo 94 19 . 6 18 . 3 19.6 19.6 23.0 (,0 ltl . I 20 I J. 7 19 13.0 25 I 7. I 22 15. I 70 28. I 12.0 15.7 20 , I 24, I 38.6 19 , 3 11.6 11.6 19.3 19 51 . It 4 10.8 3 B. I 4 10.8 7 18.9 10 47 .6 4 19.0 3 14.J 4 19 . 0 0 0 Housing for moderate lncon-.e families and senior citizens should be privat e ly sponsored . - agree strongly so - agree somewhat 15 - don't know 19 10 - disagree somewhat 25 - disagree strongly 28 . 7 9.6 15.9 20.4 25 . 5 - Continued - I H G Ila. 65 24 IS 25 0 "' Ot % 75 . 7 5,9 9.9 5,3 3. 3 "'0 > No. II S 9 IS 8 5 11 ..... F t 3). JO 39 50 60 100 50 30 29 50 Other No. % TOTA tlo . 1 S8.8 S. 8 II . 8 11 . 8 II. 8 963 179 163 178 125 59.9 II , I 10 . I II.I 7.8 IS 41 . 7 5 13.9 4 II . I 7 19 . 4 5 13.9 501 125 225 396 ltSlt 29.5 7,3 I 3.2 23.2 26.7 14 5 4 0 9 477 258 29 . 9 16 . 2 16.4 16 . 2 21. 4 20 2 4 It It 43 . B IS . 6 12. S 0 28 . I 261 259 )'ii �TABLE A-I (Cont.) BR I GIITON TOIIN SII IP COHHUN ITV SURVEY Zones A Quest Ion 21. 22. 23. 24. No. (, 8 No. % No. 15 There Is a need for a ba I anced tax and cn,p Ioyment base In the Township supported l>y convnerclal/ off i ce/11 gh t Industrial uses. - agree strongly - agree somewhat - don't know - disagree somewhat - disagree strongly 40 25 9 30 15 JJ . 6 21. 0 7,7 25.2 12 . 6 22 28 20 0 27.3 20 . 0 25 . 5 27.3 The present type of convnerclal bul ldlngs being bui It In Township are attract Ive. - agree strongly - agree womewhat - don't know - disagree somewh,H - disagree strongly 48 0 119 11 40 32 .4 0 JJ. I 7.4 27.0 30 10 25 15 30 Traffic control should be improved along Grand River. - agree strong I y - agree somewhat - don't know - disagree somewhat - disagree stron gly 130 10 0 15 0 83 . 9 6.5 0 9.7 0 Traffic control should t,., improved along Old U.S . 2 3. - agree strongly - agree somewhat - don't know - d.i sagree somewhat - disagree stron yly 116 4 10 11 0 82.3 2.8 7. I 7. I 0 C ,, - [ 0 No . I 0\ No. I H No. J No. Other No. % % No. % No. % 26.4 0 17.5 16.2 38,7 17 48.6 9 25 . 7 4 11. 4 3 8. 6 2 5.7 9 Ii] . 11 3 15.8 4 21. I 2 10.5 I 0.5 15 0 14 9 2 % % TOTAL No. % 37.5 0 35 . 0 22.5 5. 0 545 176 274 251 362 33.9 10.9 17.0 15 . 6 22.5 30 . 3 21. 2 12. I 0 36.6 768 31.9 9 19 . I 10 21. 3 4 8.5 9 I). I 59 30 20 18 25 38.8 19 . 7 I 3. 2 11. 8 16 . 11 120 40 69 70 85 31.3 I0.4 10.0 18.0 22. I 55 3'.l 24 25 19 35 . 9 19 . 6 15. 7 15.7 12.4 120 0 35 0 35 63. I 0 0 18.4 95 0 63 58 139 27.2 9.1 22. 7 13 . 6 27. 3 50 73. 5 15 22.0 0 0 0 0 3 411.0 83 9 52.9 205 0 5.7 12 . 7 i.s 15. 9 70 12. 7 114 117. 2 0 10.11 16.1 26.3 78 119.0 4 2.5 ].O 11 15 9.5 so 31.6 JO 55 20 75 60 25 . 0 19.6 7. I 26.8 21.,. 170 30 61 29 30 53 . I 9. 4 19.1 9. 1 9.4 I 4 43.8 5 15.6 1, 12. 5 5 15.6 4 12.5 10 50.0 2 10.0 11 20 .0 0 0 4 20.0 10 7 11 0 12 243 245 367 43.6 7.8 IJ.8 13 .9 20.9 68 10 5 0 0 81 . 9 12.0 6. 0 0 0 35 58 . 3 25 Ii I. 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 8 15 8 0 78.o 5.7 10.6 5.7 0 335 9'i . 11 205 83.0 I. 4 22 8. 9 5 11.2 2J 8.1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 15 23 15 0 80.2 5. 6 8. 6 5. 6 0 2li5 li3 35 20 15 68.li 12.0 9.8 5.6 li.2 li8 64.9 15 20.3 11 l'i . 9 0 0 0 0 25 89,3 3 10. 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 5li 88.5 l ,'i70 161 8.2 5 126 2 3. 3 58 0 0 15 0 0 80.3 8.8 6. 9 3. 2 0.8 85 20 0 20 0 68.o 16 . o 0 16.0 0 33 4 2 4 0 76. 7 9.3 4. 7 9.3 0 122 5 I3 I5 I4 72.2 3.0 ].7 8.9 8.J 280 25 23 52 35 170 25 9 20 2 75.2 II.I 4.o 8. 8 0.8 252 10 17 23 10 80 . 7 3.2 5.4 7.4 3.2 35 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 4 0 0 0 77.1 1,252 I I .Ii 116 0 78 11. 4 159 0 Bo 74.3 6.9 4.6 9. li 4.7 0 JO 20 25 20 - Cunt i nued - • G f - -- -- - --···- - N--o. -- t. % 67 . 5 6. 0 5.5 12.5 8.4 115 70.6 15 9.2 4 2.4 l •l 6. l 19 II. 7 IS . Ii 0 0 Bo. I 19. I 0 0 0 27 4 0 4 0 137 �TABLE A-1 (Cont.) BR IGftTON TOWNSHIP COMMUNITY SURVEY Zones A Quest Ion 25 . 26 . 27. .. -0 "' 00 .... 0 28 . ------ No. % B No. % C No. % E D F No . % No . 285 68.7 40 9.6 3. li 15 8.4 35 40 9.6 113 15 9 11, 0 Jlt.8 9.9 6.o 9,9 0 1611 II 97 45 49 169 55 23.3 11.6 40.5 13.2 59 15 25 II 35 110. 7 10. 3 I 7. I 7.6 24. I 110 20 17 No. % No. 71 . J 9. I 11. 5 9. I 0 133 14 IU 10 0 80 . 0 49 15 25 40 9 35.5 10 . 9 18 . I 29 . 0 6.5 % Local Township , o.1 ds m, c d I mprovcmcn t . - agrete stron9ly - agree so11,.,,-,hJ l - J on ' l J..110-, - disagree sumc.ihal - disagree stron9ly 76 25 19 10 0 !,8.S 100 . 0 74.6 1'1 10 . 4 19.2 1'1.6 IJ 9- 7 7. 7 7 5.2 0 0 0 Pr ivate road deve lopment should be approved by l hte Township. - agrete stron9ly - agree so111c-,l1 a t - don't Jo.now - di sayree somewhat - disagree · strongly 90 15 16 19 0 64.J 10 . 7 11. 4 13 . 6 0 15 20 II . 8 15.7 21 50 . 0 9 21. 1, 5 II . 9 4 9.5 3 7. I 35 18. 7 15 13 . 9 12 20 . 7 30 17 . 9 125 23.9 25 13.4 15 13 . 9 8 13 . 8 10 6.0 85 35 18 . 7 10 9.3 0 40 23. 8 60 32 . I 18 . 5 44.4 :,o .o 1,0 I 7. I 20 48 23 32 15 25.9 118 23.8 28.6 Where is a new freeway lnterchanyte needed? - Pleasant Va lley Road and 1- 96 - Spencer Road and U. S. 23 - Hi I ton Road and u. s. 23 - llyne Road and u. S. 23 - No new ones neteded Location of Ro ad improvement . 77 60 . 6 10 1-9 5 3. 9 31, 4 2 4 0 0 8. 4 6.0 6.0 0 H % I No. J % No. % Other No. % TOTJI No. % 65 . 9 12 .o ,, . 2 12 .0 6.0 37 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 22 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 4 II . 4 0 0 0 167 121 140 69 105 45 4) 32 50 38 , 2 16.4 15.6 11.6 18.2 18 51. 4 5 1'1 . J 6 17. I 4 11. 4 2 5. 7 10 47.6 4 19.0 0 0 7 33. 3 0 0 15 42 . 9 5 14. 3 I 2. 9 0 0 14 40.0 651 89 43,3 7.9 6.7 7 .1 35.0 188 192 321 277 40 .0 11. 5 II . 8 19 . 7 17.0 60 21. 6 so 20.5 60 I 8.4 30 27 . 3 13 20.0 10 12. 5 440 17.6 16.3 25 9.0 66 27.0 35 10.7 45 40.9 15 23. I II I 3.8 JSO 14 . 0 95 18. 2 75 2 7. O 80 32.8 90 27 .6 35 31.8 25 38.5 15 18 . 8 850 33 _9 95 123 18.2 Eo 28.R 48 24 . 8 0 25 31. 3 472 18.8 0 60 18.4 0 0 0 0 38 13. 7 19.7 0 81 23.5 12 19 2:1. 8 395 15.8 (sec special taL) (011 l No. 68 . 6 220 1,0 4. 6 39 16 . l 16 6. 7 40 3. 8 20 9 for - G % i llUC d - 10.8 18 ,,, 0 18. 5 I) 0 (j ]7.1 1,211 JO . ':J 9. 8 7. I 8. 2 4. 0 �•• TABLE A- I (Cont.) BRIGHTON TO\JNSIIIP COHHUNITY SURVEY Zones Quest Ion 29. 30 . 3 I. No. A % B No. % C No. % ~ D No. % G F No. t. ------- N•:>. 49.4 11.9 22 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 100.0 1,358 166 0 0 0 0 115 0 0 123 0 0 120 72. 2 8.8 6.1 6. 5 6.4 52.6 9.2 J.6 21. I 9.2 20 55.6 3 8. 3 0 0 13 36 . 1 0 0 62.5 225 8J.6 10.6 1.9 5 10 8. 1 3.7 20 12.5 7.4 6.3 J.J 9 220 50 25 14 30 64.9 14.7 7.4 4. I 8.8 132 97. I 4 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 64.5 25 16 . 1 s.8 9 30 19.3 0 0 J/15 55 25 JO 90 37. 7 14.3 6.5 18. 2 23 . 4 165 66.o 30 12.0 I 7 6.8 ].2 18 8.0 10 Emergency health care facilities are needed in the Township area. - agree strong I y - agree somewhat - don't know - disagree somewhdl - disagree strongly 87 20 15 0 10 65.9 I 5. 2 II. J 0 7.6 105 82.0 7.0 9 5 39.0 7.0 9 0 0 24 57. I 4 9.5 0 0 10 23 . 8 4 9.5 I 5 I 91. 5 4 24.2 0 0 3.0 5 3.0 5 255 53 '17 1,5 30 59.3 12. 3 10.9 I0.5 7.0 100 17 13 ....00. 873 210 IJ5 295 253 172 30 25 JO 30 14 33.3 4 9.5 2 4.8 II 26.2 11 26.2 ),,- I 7 50 . 0 5 14. 7 3 8.8 0 0 9 26.5 44.2 8.0 9.2 12.9 25 . 7 46.5 16. 3 14.0 15.5 7.8 - Con t i n ue d - 10 47.6 3 14.3 0 0 8 38. I 0 0 110 20 23 32 64 60 21 18 20 10 10 50.6 11. 4 7.5 17.5 IJ. I 10 45.5 5 22.] 0 0 7 31.8 0 0 46 . 5 10 . 9 10.1 17.8 I 4. 7 20 779 176 115 269 201 15 46.9 4 12. 5 0 0 13 40.6 0 0 60 14 13 23 19 78 25 20 10 30 10 37.0 4 14.8 3 II.I 10 37 .o 0 0 54.5 18.2 2.7 9. 1 15 . 9 There are no fire protection problems In the Township which would warrant expanded serv Ices. - agree strongly - agree somewhat - don't know - disagree somewhat - disagree strongly 51.9 3. 7 6.2 24.9 13 .3 r0raL % 120 Ito 5 20 35 17 % Other No. % No. 46.9 6.7 13.4 19 . 6 13 . 4 80 6 I. 5 15 II. 5 0 0 25 19.2 ]. ] 10 53.2 210 15 13 . 7 25 11. 5 14.4 IOI 54 7. 2 J No. 47.9 105 15 . 3 15 12. J 30 44 6. I 18.4 30 42.9 22. I 10. I 7. I 17.9 74 19 16 20 10 No. % 60 JI JI, 10 25 44 . 7 ].9 2 5.3 9 23.7 7 18.4 I H No. There are no police protection problems In the Township which .iOlold warrant security service~ . - agree strong Iy - agree somewhat - don't kn ow - disagree somewhat - disagree strongly 3 No. % % % ].6 16.7 14.J �TABLE 11-1 (Cont.) BRIGIITON TOWNSIIIP COHHUNITY SURVEY Zones No. Quest Ion The Township should initiate recycl ln!J prugr<1111 a11J center. - agree stronyly 32. % No. i No. '.I; Nu. r C % It Other No. t TOT~L No. % 852 132 112 144 388 S2.3 8. 1 6.9 8.8 2).8 i.o 17.4 250 0 0 73 11i.o 135 15 0 I 5. I 1,095 I. 4 8.5 2.5 4.6 0.5 37.2 42.9 0 0 41 47.7 1,269 64 5 5.C 0 0 0 43.1 2.2 0 15 6 71. 4 28.6 35 91•. 6 l, 418 l169 2 5.4 75. I 24.9 22 100.0 0 20 6 80.9 19. I I J t No. % No. 52.2 6.5 9.7 22.6 9.0 150 43 )0 48 47 47. 2 13.5 9.4 15.1 14.8 105 63.3 12 7,2 0 0 15 9.0 )Ii 20.5 139 20 15 32 38 57.0 8.2 6.1 I). I l!;.6 125 37.1 I 3 ).9 20 5.9 7. I 75 51. 9 30 0 0 0 i 83.3 0 0 0 16,7 0 3.9 2.9 2.9 1.9 39.8 0 25 8 18 0 164 0 6.7 2. I 4.8 0 4).7 0 JO 0 12 0 169 0 8.3 0 3.) 0 46.8 0 35 0 15 0 116 0 9.3 0 4.0 0 )0.9 0 25 0 0 0 60 0 18.1 0 0 0 43.S 0 15 0 0 0 25 0 21. 4 0 0 0 35.7 15 0 0 12 0 I3 150 40.0 10 2.7 0 0 150 0 0 41.6 0 0 210 0 0 55.9 0 0 5) 0 0 38.4 0 0 JO 0 0 34.9 3 2.0 8.1 30 85.7 5 I 4. 3 % No. No. % No. % No. % a - agree some..-,ha t - don't know - disagree somewhu I - disagree stron~ly 95 20 0 10 30 61.3 12,9 0 6.5 19. Ii 45 39. I 5 "· 37 25 21. 0 0 40 34.8 Bl 10 15 )5 30 69.B 4 9. 3 5 II. 6 0 0 4 9.3 ,,. ,. 20 91.0 0 0 2 9. I 0 0 0 0 32 86.5 5 I 3. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kind of recreational faciliti-,s most like to see Jev-,loped of Improved. )3. - None - Playgrounds Gymnasiums - Indoor Coinmun I t y Center - Swlnmlng Pools - Parks, picnic areas - Nature trails, bridle trails, blkeways - Tennis courts - llandball/Racquetball 34. (see attachment) 35. Would you pay additional taxes for municipal serv !Les 7 - yes - no 25 15 20 5 104 0 8.5 5. I 6.8 I. 7 35-5 109 15 0 15 18 0 79 0 8.2 6.1 7.4 0 32. li 20 20 5 15 0 25 16.7 16. 7 4.2 12.5 0 20.B I. 4 5 9.6 35 4. I 15 10 2.8 0 0 135 37 .2 0 20 15 15 10 205 37. l 5. I 0 98 14 0 40. 2 5. 7 0 25 10 0 20.8 8.J 0 158 43.5 I. Ii 5 0 0 245 47.6 5 l .O 0 0 105 55 65.6 34.J 104 24 Bl. 3 18.8 38 6 86. 11 13.6 I 31, 31, 79 . B 374 20.2 100 78.9 21.0 135 24 811. 9 l 5. I 144 140 50.7 49.J 300 75 Bo.o 18.7 131 30 8 I. l1 18.6 110 20 811.6 I 5. 3 40 90,9 4 9,9 130 34 79. 11 384 20.7 Bo 82.B 17.2 120 40 75.0 25.0 218 60 78. 4 94 21. 6 75 79.7 20.3 0 0 rn Oo you belong tu an organization that wur~s to Improve condltlo11 s 7 36. - yes - no - > ' \0 f1H1l i1nwd - 0 76 . 9 1,499 354 23. I �-·-, (_ ,. '---- ) TABLE A-I (Cont.; BRIGHTON TO\INSII IP COMMUN IT~ SURVEY Zones Question 37, No. A % B No, % C No. % E 0 No, % F No. % 375 95 79 ,8 20.2 % No. 1,5 67. I 22 )2.8 200 6li No. G % I It li'o. % 335 89.) 10.7 llo. J % No. i Other No. % TOU,L No. _ l Have you tried to 9ct any groups or Township officials to do a11ylhl119 about some of the th I ngs you don't II ke In the Township? - yes - no • I N 0 100 50 66,7 3J,J 95 JS 73, 1 26,9 ,. 35 89,7 ll'i 67 .5 10. 3 55 32.5 75.8 2'i.2 i.o 30 81.0 7 18.9 22 100.0 0 0 20 66.7 1,371 10 33. J 382 78,2 21. 7 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 8 LOCATION OF WORK (six or more respondents) Location Total A B C 10 D F ZONE G H J 10 5 15 10 2 5 10 2 5 3 8 7 Southfield 68 Brighton 60 19 12 4 Dearborn 55 12 54 5 5 3 Oetroi t 7 8 9 Farmington Hi 11 s 51 10 5 3 2 5 14 7 5 5 5 8 Livonia 47 10 3 12 Ann Arbor 34 4 9 4 9 8 3 5 7 Plymouth 3 8 5 5 10 3 Ypsilanti 23 5 2 3 6 7 Wixom 33 32 9 7 5 Milford 20 7 Farmington 14 3 4 Ster] ing Heights 13 6 Westland 13 2 Romulus 12 2 Howel 1 11 Troy 5 16 E 15 5 7 2 8 3 8 4 2 7 3 7 3 2 5 11 3 2 2 5 Novi 9 4 Lansing Milford Twp. 9 8 Auburn Hills 7 G.M. Proving Ground Birmingham 7 6 2 Mi 1an 6 2 Redford Twp. 6 2 3 2 3 3 8 Other 2 2 3 4 8 3 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 2 Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. 1/22/90 A-21 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 11 WHAT ASPECTS OF BRIGHTON. TOWNSHIP ARE HOST IMPORTANT TO YOU? Stated Priority, ( 1 - Highest Priority, 8 - Lowest Priority) (Percent of Res~ondents in Townshie) L Total Responses 5.7 5 3.7 15 1. 8 7 1.9 8 1. g 17. 0 4.9 3.3 1. 8 0.9 . 0.6 1 , 014 25.9 24.3 6.4 7.0 8. J 4.7 4. 1 745 27.3 29. 1 19.7 4.4 5.9 5.2 5 .1 3.J 858 Rural Atmosphere 44.5 26.0 18.0 4.7 3. l 2.6 1.2 Low Taxes 30.0 27.7 20.0 7,5 6.9 3.3 2.8 1.9 971 Highway Acessibility to shopping/jobs 24.2 . 28.3 26.0 6. 1 4.9 4.3 4.4 1.0 938 2. 1 26.3 25.6 5,6 5.6 7.2 5.5 2.7 657 Item Large Home Sites 28.3 2 35.15 3 21.3 Good Schools 42. 1 29.5 Recreation 19.5 Security (Police) 1 945 . ._ Sense of Community with Neighbors 1 , 281 Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. 1/22/90 A-22 Page 1 o ~ 9 �Sr i l>s;~ 1 ,,n Township Community Survey on 11 LARGE HOME SITES Priorit:z: 4 9 5 5 7 7 6 2 7 2 8 2 2 2 A 23 37 3 26 B 30 35 22 C 11 12 10 D 38 45 25 2 E 34 40 28 7 3 4 5 F 24 29 30 8 3 2 3 G 31 36 20 8 4 H 39 48 25 3 2 14 17 3 8 l3 7 4 Other 15 24 5 5 5 4 TOTAL 267 336 201 54 35 28.3 35.6 21.3 5.7 3.7 2 Zon e j Percent 4 4 9 4 2 3 17 18 17 945 1. 8 1.9 1. 8 100.0 2 2 A-23 Page 2 of 9 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 11 GOOD SCHOOLS ·-, Prioritz: ~ 2 Zone ' . 4 A 40 30 3 20 B 36 25 13 C 15 10 6 D so 33 24 5 E 66 36 19 6 F 77 41 27 5 G 56 37 25 4 H 40 40 25 4 2 10 14 6 2 3 16 10 5 4 Other 21 23 2 4 8 TOTAL 427 299 172 50 33 18 a ., 6 1,014 Percent 42. 1 29.5 17.0 4.9 3.3 1. 8 0.9 0.6 100.0 6 8 5 7 8 4 2 7 8 2 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 l ; J 3 2 2 Page 3 of 9 A-24 �Brig ht on Township Community Survey Question 11 RECREATION .1 Priority 2 4 5 3 3 6 6 8 8 2 8 A 15 28 3 18 B 19 27 16 C 4 4 7 D 6 11 20 3 E 45 38 42 18 16 15 13 13 F 6 18 24 3 6 8 5 6 G 12 9 20 3 2 7 3 4 H 11 18 14 3 6 7 6 10 lJ 5 3 3 3 2 6 8 8 2 2 Other 11 22 7 3 5 6 TOTAL 145 193 1 81 48 52 60 35 30 19.5 25.9 24.3 6.4 7.0 8. I 4.7 4.0 Zone J Percent 7 9 3 2 3 745 0. 1 100.C Page 4 of 9 A-25 �Brighton Township Community Survey Quest ion 11 SECURITY (POLICE) Pr i o.-i ty ', Zone 2 3 4 6 8 2 A 20 27 15 7 5 3 B 32 27 17 3 7 3 C 10 12 4 D 16 14 20 4 2 2 ( .J E 57 49 39 12 16 17 17 11 r· F 28 26 22 3 3 5 6 6 !I - G 11 21 18 2 2 5 4 i. H 22 27 17 6 4 4 2 2 14 14 5 4 3 5 8 11 6 Other 16 22 6 3 7 3 2 TOTAL 234 250 169 38 51 45 44 27 Percent 27.3 29 . 1 19.7 4.4 5.9 5.2 5. 1 3. 1 • 6 7 2 J , .. I ; J 2 858 ·-' A-26 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 11 RURAL ATMOSPHERE Zone 2 3 Priorit:z: 4 5 6 3 A 77 36 22 13 3 B 39 35 12 9 5 C 34 10 4 2 D 87 45 20 4 E 113 62 58 13 11 16 F 79 50 39 3 7 2 G 33 4 20 H 37 34 32 12 6 8 21 19 5 3 3 19 10 10 Other 31 28 8 TOTAL 570 333 230 44 . 5 26.0 18.0 J Percent 7 8 11 2 3 3 60 40 33 15 1 , 281 4.7 3. 1 2.6 1. 2 100.0 Page 6 of 9 A-27 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 11 LOW TAXES Priority 2 Zone 4 8 5 6 11 5 6 7 2 8 A 37 35 3 14 B 36 25 18 C 9 9 8 D 33 23 27 3 2 E 65 47 43 13 14 13 11 12 F 21 36 29 5 5 3 3 3 G 15 20 21 3 9 2 2 H 24 32 20 21 12 8 6 18 11 3 4 4 15 10 4 2 4 Other 18 21 4 2 6 2 TOTAL 291 269 194 73 67 32 27 18 971 Percent 30.0 27.7 20.0 7.5 6.9 3.3 2.8 1. 9 100.0 J 2 2 I - A-28 Page 7 of a �Brighton Township Cormnunity Survey Question 11 HIGHWAY ACCESSIBILITY TO SHOPPING & JOBS IN REGION •• _j Priority 2 4 4 5 7 7 A 19 35 3 24 B 24 28 16 8 C 6 8 15 2 D 26 19 17 3 6 3 E 53 57 57 16 12 14 13 F 22 36 37 11 2 4 6 G 14 23 28 4 3 H 30 21 24 6 3 8 7 13 7 6 2 3 10 10 10 2 3 Other 16 15 9 2 5 4 2 TOTAL 227 265 244 57 46 40 41 9 Percent 24 . 2 28.3 26.0 6. 1 4.9 4.3 4.4 1. 0 Zone J 5 6 4 7 4 8 J 7 938 100.0 Page 8 of 9 A-l9 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 11 SENSE OF COMMUNITY WITH NEIGHBORS 2 6 4 9 3 7 2 8 6 3 A 4 13 3 18 B 25 25 17 C 6 4 7 D 7 16 21 2 E 36 38 38 12 15 14 13 8 F 16 22 19 3 4 8 3 4 G 10 10 18 2 2 2 H 11 17 14 2 4 4 11 12 6 3 4 4 4 6 4 2 Other 11 12 4 4 3 2 2 TOTAL 141 173 168 37 37 47 36 18 Percent 2. 1 26.3 25.6 5.6 5.6 7.2 5.5 2.7 Zone ; Priority 4 5 4 2 ~, ',, I ' j I , 7 657 Page 9 of 9 A-30 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 28 LOCATION OF NEEDED ROAD IMPROVEMENTS (10 or more cumulative responses) Road Total A B c D t 3 7 8 33 11 Grand River 129 24 8 Old U. S. 23 Taylor 74 40 5 8 24 Spencer 40 2 Buno Hyne 37 30 Pleasant Va 11 ey 19 Lai-kins 18 Culver 16 Parklawn 14 McClements 14 Hilton Van Amberg 13 12 Corlett 12 19 4 3 2 5 5 7 3 3 ZONE ~ G R 14 8 18 10 5 5 5 12 2 15 2 5 2 5 2 J Otner 5 2 4 2 10 4 11 5 8 5 2 8 4 5 7 15 7 7 5 3 7 5 3 2 7 14 3 2 4 2 6 Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. 1/22/90 A-31 �Brighton Township Co1TYT1unity Survey Quest ion 34 PREFERENCES FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT , ~ Item Improvement of Local Roads 1 34.5 Recycling Center . ~ ~ s Total Responses 25.6 19.2 9.6 7. 1 1.9 1. 1 1. 0 1, 39S 25.6 26.9 24. 1 9.2 10.0 . 2.8 1. 1 0.2 1 , 334 29.4 28.9 19.3 8.4 10. 1 1.7 1.3 1.0 1,302 Additional Pol ice Protection 18.6 26.0 24.5 16.3 9.8 2.] ]. 4 1.3 1, 190 Addit i onal Fire Protection 16.7 26.8 22.5 15. 1 10.5 5.3 2.7 0.3 1,225 Water and Sewer 26.7 26.0 16. 1 11.9 7. 1 8.2 3.3 1.0 453 Garbage & Waste Collection ( Stated Priority, ( l - Highest Priority, 8 - Lowest Priority) (Percent of Respondents in Townshie) 2 ~ b 3 5 7 ' Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C. 1/22/90 A-32 Page 1 of 7 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 34 IMPROVEMENT OF LOCAL ROADS Priority 2 Zone 4 17 5 6 6 2 8 A 27 30 3 17 B 49 36 13 13 7 3 C 23 16 10 3 1. 3 2 D 27 27 13 14 8 5 2 E 99 60 53 26 25 2 F 69 37 45 11 8 2 G 59 36 31 12 17 H 66 48 36 9 10 3 18 24 21 13 8 2 16 19 12 8 4 2 Other 30 25 18 9 5 2 TOTAL 483 358 269 134 99 27 15 13 1,398 Percent 34 . 5 25.6 19. 2 9.6 7. 1 1.9 1. 1 1. 0 10 0 . 0 1,848 26.8 1,483 21.5 799 11.6 643 9.3 213 3. 1 112 1.6 so J GRAND TOTAL 1,754 25.4 7 2 3 2 4 3 3 0.72 6,902 100.02 Page 2 of 7 A-33 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 34 RECYCLING CENTER • 0 .J 2 Priorit:z: 4 5 16 8 Zone A 25 33 3 14 B 28 28 23 8 11 C 18 8 7 3 6 D 20 27 17 13 2 4 3 l, E 60 79 76 24 30 6 3 ' .. F 36 55 51 13 21 G 35 38 33 9 20 H 42 34 48 15 18 12 36 24 18 12 8 2 12 i2 5 2 Other 29 21 30 8 9 2 TOTAL 341 359 322 123 134 37 15 3 1 , 334 Percent 25.6 2.6.5 24. 1 9.2 10.0 2.8 1. 1 0.2 100.0 r, J I 6 4 7 3 8 2 2 2 Page 3 of 7 A-34 �Brighton Township Corirnunity Survey Question 34 GARBAGE & WASTE COLLECTION Priori t:t 2 4 8 A 25 34 3 16 B 33 33 12 10 13 C 4 14 8 6 6 3 D 18 22 9 13 8 4 E 74 89 68 23 33 3 F 69 44 23 12 20 G 38 30 30 9 18 H 50 48 52 38 24 12 7 13 10 6 2 Other 21 28 15 8 12 TOTAL 383 376 251 109 132 22 17 12 1,302 Percent 29.4 28.9 19. 3 8. 4 . 10. 1 1.7 1.3 1.0 100.0 Zone J 18 5 6 3 7 2 2 3 2 2 12 2 8 2 2 2 2 Page 4 of 7 A-35 �Brighton Township CortlTlunity Survey Question 34 ADDITIONAL POLICE PROTECTION Priority 2 Zone 4 5 13 4 6 3 8 A 19 27 3 16 B 20 32 18 19 11 C 5 12 15 8 9 2 D 13 17 15 8 5 7 4 E 35 63 67 44 25 2 2 F 29 39 37 23 11 G 32 31 31 26 10 H 12 38 46 12 12 3 2 24 22 19 21 12 2 4 10 12 16 12 8 2 Other 22 16 12 8 10 TOTAL 221 309 292 194 117 25 ··17 15 1 , 190 18.6 26.0 24.5 16.3 9.8 2. 1 1. 4 1.3 100.0 J Percent 7 4 3 2 Page 5- of 7 A-36 �Brighton Township Community Survey Question 34 ADDITIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ., Priority 4 18 5 5 6 3 7 2 2 8 A 22 30 3 15 B 24 35 14 19 14 C 5 14 18 6 8 D 12 23 13 11 6 5 E 38 65 52 44 39 3 F 10 36 48 20 14 2 G 27 35 34 18 11 H 22 38 42 27 12 12 18 20 15 10 8 9 9 9 2 2 2 2 2 Other 24 25 18 5 8 10 7 TOTAL 205 328 276 185 129 65 33 4 1,225 16. 7 26.8 22.5 15. 1 10. 5 5.3 2.7 0.3 iOO.O Zone J Percent 2 4 6 2 2 A-37 Pa?e 6 of 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Brighton-Twp_Comprehensive-Development-Plan_1991 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brandon M. Rogers & Associates, P.C., Planning Consultant Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-06 Title A name given to the resource Comprehensive Development Plan Update Description An account of the resource The Comprehensive Development Plan for Brighton Township was prepared by Brandon M. Rogers & Associates in June 1991 with assistance from the Brighton Township Planning Commission Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brighton Township Planning Commission (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications Brighton Township (Mich.) Livingston County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d718220128d6717ed8f16aeeb1339c57.pdf 54ba02e2bdba869e7e263b33c47a71c7 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Das Narrenschiff (Stultifera navis) [Latin] [folium 29] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_029Brant1497 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brant, Sebastian, 1458-1521 Description An account of the resource One leaf of Das Narrenschiff (Stultifera navis) [Latin] by Sebastian Brant. Translated by Jacobus Locher Philomusus. Printed in Strassburg by Johann (Reinhard) Grüninger in 1497. [GW 5057; ISTC ib01089000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Strassburg: Johann (Reinhard) Grüninger Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Brant, Sebastian, 1458-1521 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1497 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Philomusus, Jacobus Locher (translator) Type The nature or genre of the resource Text