1063 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/40eb3574bf8a6c383995bbe6875dbadf.jpg 61a9ac5afba305076dd61e5933bad814 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WissinkJohn_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Wissink, John Description An account of the resource John Wissink, Special Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/da22042518f950e706d40ebe8571fcd0.jpg dc66b2476cb1cd0ad3f12a868364d386 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_Z038-0017a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-09-01 Title A name given to the resource Witch Castle Ride, Salisbury Beach Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the "Witch Castle" amusement park dark ride at Salisbury Beach’s Amusement Center in Salisbury, Massachusetts. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Amusement rides--Massachusetts--Salisbury Salisbury (Mass.) Salisbury (Mass. : Town) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9bbc20d51110550c51ffe28dc43c8711.jpg 5bbb89e59739ca237f8cb56e200c8dae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PR6003.U13 W58 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0184 Title A name given to the resource Witch Wood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hoyle (Designer) Description An account of the resource Binding of Witch Wood, by John Buchan, published by Houghton Mifflin Co., 1927. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec4c0252c28197db4a2f877ffce8e248.jpg 18a2bc90a357b634bbaeab4063665084 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_FilmPacks_10_006 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-08-01 Title A name given to the resource Witches' Gulch, Wisconsin Dells Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph (slightly overexposed) of three people walking on a dock along a river at Witches' Gulch, Wisconsin Dells. A tour boat is moored at the dock in the bottom left of the frame, and two people are visible in the boat. Subject The topic of the resource Boat Wisconsin Dells (Wis.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4e7379c450fe41b2a97aa022dfd48d15.mp3 39756aa068054e1e64124d4dd2d56b87 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XIV Series Music from CAROUSEL Scripture Text Psalm 42:11b Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19860824 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-08-24 Title A name given to the resource With Hope In Your Heart Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on August 24, 1986 entitled "With Hope In Your Heart", as part of the series "Music from CAROUSEL", on the occasion of Pentecost XIV, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Psalm 42:11b. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/96f39e641fad409cef4a63d71ada953e.pdf 4920150361bbc953954ea6b861db2664 PDF Text Text WITH I.ASTING FRIENDSHIP Your Majesty, Queen Beatrix: Your Royal Highness, Prince Claus: Dear Friends: This is an hour of praise and thanksgiving to God for two hundred years of unbroken friendship between two nations: The Netherlands, and the United States of America. In a world weary of wars, and rumors of wars, it might well be our prayer that all nations of the earth enjoy such enduring and friendly relationships as the one that has existed between Holland and America. It_pleases the Lord when two persons maintain an honorable relationship. It pleases Him equal ly when two nations do the same. But how is this possible? With all the differences between nations and races - How is this-possible? With respect to The Netherlands and the United States of America - again - How was this possible for 200 years? What were the factors that played a part in establishing and cementing our two centuries' old connection? There are, of course, no simple answers to these questions . There are historical reasons for such countrie s as ours being friendly. But I am-not an historian. Anq there are political considerations. But I am not a politician. And there are economi c and other factor s . Again, I am not qualified to analyze. I am a minister. A Daninee . So I ask and answer these questions as a dominee. What is this tie that binds u s? Or, to broaden the question, - What is it that brings, or can bring, peoples and nations together? There are several answers . I shall mention only three. · I mention three because every good Dutch daninee always has three points . One factor is trouble. A corrrnon peril. A conman enemy . I have in possession a little Dutch book entitled "De Weleerwaarde Heer," written by Ds . Voila - a pen name for a minister who served a church for many years in Amstelveen. In this little book, he describes h is first plane trip from Amsterdam to New York City . Never having flown before, he was apprehensive. I t didn't help either to discover that he was seated next to a lady whose appearance seemed to di scou rage any possibility of conversation. He'd already made a bad beginning with her by accidentally knocking her hat off with his attache case . But after a few hours, they did beg i n a ki nd of conversation; she in English with a mixture of Dutch, and he in Dutch, using as many English words cis h., could muster. Sanehow, they got along, until they drifted into the subject of education, the training of chiliren . She had strong opinions in one direction. His were equally strong in an opposite direction. And so their conversation died. They were too different. They really didn't like each other. my Then the plane developed engine trouble. The passengers were aware of it . Despite the voice on the intercom, jn various l anguages, seeking tn assure all aboard, all were very tense. Approaching a landing, there was talk of a crash. No one spoke . All had to bend forward with heads down . After what seemed like an etemi ty , they landed safely ., Only then did the minister and the lady discover that, through those tense moments, they had been holding each other's hand . ' �Page 2 Queen Beatrix Trouble, you see, bring, people together.. And nations too. Unlike the individuals i n the story, our two nations do not dislike each other " On the contrary. But we are different . We do not, and we have not, always seen things the same way. Nevertheless, during those times in whi.r.h we shared a camuon peril; during those times when we shared a colIIlilon threat our bonds were especially strong . We held each other's hand ., In the gospel of Joh~, chapter sixteen, verse thirty three, Jesus said to His disciples; "In the world you will have 'tribulation' . " We all know t hat they did - as do many of His disciples today as well. In the Gennan Bible, the word for "tri~ulation" is "angst ." That is a bigger word. "Angst" means dread, apprehension, anxiety , anguish, pressure . In the Dutch Bible, the word is "verdrukking," which is related to pressure . But elsewhere in the Dutch Bible, that same Greek word is translated "benaauwdeid." Now,. with apologie$ to those present who are not of Dutch descent, may I say that among those of us who are, not all of us can speak the Holland language . Indeed, few of Dutch de s cent retain an ability to speak Dutch . Th~ more's the pity. But there are some Dutch words we all know, because they are untr anslateable, like " geze llig" (cozy), "vie s" (not c lean), and a third is "benauwd . " There' s re~lly no word in Engli sh for "bennuwd ., " "Ang s tig," "angst" - pres~ed in. What I wi sh to say is that we live in a world today in which the re is "angs t" for all; "benaauwdeid" concerning the future. That is sanething that brings u s together . An atomic age . A connnon peril. But a conmon peril is not the only thing that can bring people and nations together . A common cause, or purpose , or goal, can do the same . A few months ago, at a Church Unity meeting, I had occas ion to tell the true story of two wanen in Rotterdam in the days of t he war. They had lived side by side for many years, in a r ow hou::.c, separated by just a wall . But in all those years they had never spoken to each other because the one was Roman Cat.J.iolic while the other was Refonned . And so they were worlds apart. But one day roneone was shot in front of thei r doors. Both saw it " Both rushed out . Together they gave shelter, and food, and h~a ling. The man survived. Together they engineered his escape wi t h the he lp of the underground . Their differences remained " At the same time, something had happened. A canmon cause had made them one. And so our nations too. The Netherlands and the United States arc not the same . We have our differences - like those ladies in Rotterdam . Yet, in our history together, common causes and conman goals, as well as common perils and common dangers , have knitted us, and cemented our relationshi p . I mention one more factor that brings people and nations together; not a common peril, or cause , - but a common Lor d " The Netherlands and the United States are traditionally Christian nati ons. The gospel of Jesus Christ has been proclaimed in both our countries , ctrurch towers and church steeples dot both our landscapes; not Dutch churches and American churches , but One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, wi lh one Lord, one faith, one baptismo He is the Lord of all; also Holl and and America , His words have been proclaimed, and heard, and believed, in Dutch and English , Listen to some of them: "Blessed are the peacemakers" - not just the peace l overs or the peace seekers, but the "peacemakers . " Ye a re the Salt of the earth . Ye are the light of the world. "In the world you ' �-- Quee n Beatrix Page 3 you will be 'benauwed' but be of good cheer, for I have overcome the world." Now the unity that results from a common a]legiance to this Lord is like none other. There has been a falling away, in bot h our lands , especially in the latter half of this century, from this cormnon Lord and from His word . The signs are there in both our coun~ries " Thi s is not good! Dr . Carl He nry, i nternationally renowned theologian sai d recent ly, "The fote of the west turns on what we do with this book" (Bible). He is right! Therefore, I pray that in both our land s , God wi ll be honored, and Hi s Son believed and served; . that in the next century our u nity, together , will spring less and less from cormnon peril s (God grant it!), more and more frcm COOIIJlOn causes, §Uld most of a ll, from the f act that we honor a cOOIIIlon Lm-d. God bless the Netherlands. Its royal family and citizens . God bless the United States of America " Its pre sident and citizens . God bless both our naticns with lasting friendship , and freedom! Indeed, God bless all nations of the earth, and gi ve us peace! Jacob D. Eppinga, Pastor LaGrave Avenue Christian Refonned Church This meditatiqn was delivered at a service of Thanksgiving and Praise, in the presence of Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and His Royal Highnes s , Prince Claus , June 27, 1982 , in honor of 200 years of friendship between the Netherland s and the Uni t ed States of America. ' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_1982-06-27-Speech-Jacob-D-Eppinga Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eppinga, Jacob D. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-06-27 Title A name given to the resource With Lasting Friendship Description An account of the resource Meditation delivered by Jacob D. Eppinga, Pastor of LaGrave Avenue Christian Church at the service of Thanksgiving and Praise, in the presence of Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and His Royal Highness, Prince Claus, June 27, 1982, in honor of 200 years of friendship between the Netherlands and the United States of America. Subject The topic of the resource United States Netherlands Netherlands--Kings and rulers Dutch Americans Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aa635a03b1c69ee444b56f3a8183dfcb.jpg 9a58979e6fd4f15f5658c5bb9a709991 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Lincoln and the Civil War. PR4785 .H55 W536 1903 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0207 Title A name given to the resource With Lee in Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Decorative Designers (Designer) Description An account of the resource Binding of With Lee in Virginia, by G. A. Henty, published by C. Scribner's Sons, 1903. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fd82bfd41ae31c16a9d8e8534c54dd83.jpg c2dba4dae617dc2ba14b9ef82a5c7271 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PR4854 .W48 1909 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0292 Title A name given to the resource With the Night Mail Description An account of the resource Binding of With the Night Mail, by Rudyard Kipling, published by Doubleday, Page & Co., 1909. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9355347ad07e5ff677d3ff8d94a029a6.jpg acd700abb84ee61cdd561eb30bf31195 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Lincoln and the Civil War. E514.6 8th .W458 1909 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0203 Title A name given to the resource With Touch of Elbow Description An account of the resource Binding of With Touch of Elbow, or, Death Before Dishonor: A Thrilling Narrative of Adventure on Land and Sea by James M. Wells, published by J. C. Winston Co, 1909. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ae43a71ffeda004e33782368c7126240.jpg d657c26b2d710bf605c521c49a050bda Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WittigenCynthia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Wittigen, Cynthia Description An account of the resource Cynthia Wittigen Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/269d4537b91049853d1d97fba49969d9.m4v b8bdf6035ee779b17137ec165bd49eff https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d2c2149ce61865ac071c55b2f566d928.pdf b898a03515f4184f8d534f48169d44d3 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Robert Witzig World War II 45 minutes 55 seconds (00:00:23) Early Life -Born on August 22, 1924, in Grant County, Wisconsin -Had a vegetable garden during the Great Depression to supplant their meals -Family lived on a dairy farm -Went fishing to add to meals -Nine children in the family -Five boys and four girls -As of the interview he is the only child left -Four of the boys went to war -He and another brother survived, but the other two did not (00:04:06) Start of the War -He was in senior year of high school when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor -People were angry about the attack but had difficulty understanding what happened -The concept of large-scale, mechanized warfare was foreign to a lot of people (00:05:24) Enlisting in the Navy -Graduated from high school in May 1942 -Some of his brothers were already in the military when he graduated -Enlisted in the Navy in early 1943 (00:06:44) Basic Training -Sent to Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois, for basic training -Completely new experience and didn't know what to expect -Only familiar part of training was shooting rifles (00:07:44) Boarding the USS Indianapolis (CA-35) -Boarded a train and went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then went across the country -Sent to Naval Station Treasure Island in San Francisco, California -Stayed there for a few days -A dozen men, including himself, were selected to go to San Francisco -Boarded the USS Indianapolis (CA-35) in late 1943 -Placed in the Fire Control Division on the ship -Part of the crew that fired the ship's guns (00:09:53) Pacific Theater & Battle of Okinawa -The Indianapolis participated in ten major operations in the Pacific Theater -He participated in nine of them -The ship was hit by a kamikaze plane on March 31, 1945, off the coast of Okinawa -He was lightly injured by the attack -Sailed back to San Francisco for repairs (00�:11:40) Delivery of the Atomic Bomb -Several large wooden boxes and a smaller steel box were loaded onto the ship in San Francisco -Box was brought to the captain's quarters and bolted to the floor -Nobody knew what the boxes contained -These boxes contained the components of the atomic bomb used on Hiroshima -Sailed to Tinian without escort to deliver the atomic bomb components �-Carried a tremendous amount of fuel and ammunition -Planned on rejoining the fleet at Okinawa -Unloaded the bomb components at Tinian then continued with their voyage (00:14:20) Sinking of the USS Indianapolis -A little after midnight on July 30, 1945, two torpedoes struck the ship -This resulted in the fuel and ammunition exploding, destroying a third of the ship -He was sleeping at the time and was on his feet before he knew it -Jumped off the ship when he was 74 feet above the water -Ship sank within 13 minutes -He went underwater, and stayed underwater for eight minutes -Came up and vomited, then started swimming away from the ship (00:17:45) Survival after the Sinking -In the water for so long that the life jacket swelled and the canvas began to tear -Had skin damage, but the salt water helped him heal -Found a group of survivors clinging to a cargo net -Had to be conscious about expending his energy staying afloat -Sharks could smell blood in an eight mile radius -None of the sharks attacked him -Felt sharks brush against his feet and legs -Close enough that he could reach down and touch them (00:25:41) Rescue & Recovery -Saw the plane piloted by Lieutenant Gwinn and Lieutenant Colwell -They reported the discovery of the survivors -The USS Cecil J. Doyle picked him up along with the other survivors on the cargo net -Ship sent out landing crafts to pick them up and bring them to the ship -Given a shower and a place to sleep on the ship -Sailed to the Philippines, past the place where future president George HW Bush was rescued -While at the Philippines he and the other survivors were placed in a Red Cross hospital -Red Cross nurses gave them blankets and coats -Stayed at the hospital for two weeks -Chance to relax and heal (00:30:10) End of the War -Didn't know about their secret cargo until after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan -Too busy at the time to reflect on their participation in helping to end the war (00:31:22) Homecoming & End of Service -Once he had recovered more in the Philippines he and the other survivors sailed to Guam -Met a nurse from Milwaukee -Stayed at the hospital on Guam for six or seven weeks -Sailed to Pearl Harbor then boarded a ship and sailed to San Diego, California -Survivors were thrown a homecoming parade in San Diego -Shook hands with Hollywood stars -Flown to Great Lakes Naval Station and discharged there in late 1945 -Hitchhiked home (00:36:39) Life after the War Pt. 1 -Lost two of his brothers in the war -Both served in the Army -One in the European Theater and one in the Pacific Theater -Got married twice after the war -Had two daughters and a son �(00:37:37) Court-martial of Captain McVay Pt. 1 -Read about Captain McVay's court-martial in the newspaper -Thought he was a good man that treated his crew well -Remembers shaking hands with him at one point (00:39:19) USS Indianapolis Reunions -Went to some of the crew reunions -Stopped going in later years because it was too far and cost too much money (00:40:07) Life after the War Pt. 2 -Family did steelwork and welding -Got into that work and made a career out of it (00:41:40) Remembering the USS Indianapolis -Already has his headstone designed -Has an image of the USS Indianapolis -Along with a note that it delivered the atom bomb components to Tinian to end the war (00:43:15) Contact with Home -When he wrote home it had to be censored -Accepted it -He didn't know much information anyway, so there was very little to tell -Usually didn't have time to focus on details to write home about anyway (00:44:00) Court-martial of Captain McVay Pt. 2 & Exoneration -Happy that the government exonerated Captain McVay -Felt that the government wanted a scapegoat for losing the ship, and they picked McVay -Note: The Navy had failed to send out a search party after receiving a distress signal The Japanese submarine captain said nothing could have been done to avoid the sinking -Survivors were angered that their captain was put on trial rather than the Navy accept responsibility -Note: In October 2000 Congress passed a resolution in favor of exoneration In July 2001, the Secretary of the Navy ordered McVay's record purged of the trial � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_WitzigR1941V Title A name given to the resource Witzig, Robert (Interview outline and video), 2016 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-07-09 Description An account of the resource Robert Witzig was born on August 22, 1924, in Grant County, Wisconsin. He enlisted in the Navy in early 1943 and received his basic training at Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois. He went to Naval Station Treasure Island, California, and was selected to go aboard the USS Indianapolis (CA-35) and served in the ship's fire control division (firing the ship's gun). He participated in the ship's major operations in the Pacific Theater in 1944 and 1945, including the invasion of Okinawa. After the ship's repairs in California, he participated in the delivery of the atomic bomb components to the island of Tinian. On July 30, 1945, the USS Indianapolis was torpedoed and sank. Robert abandoned ship and was one of the 317 men to survive the sinking. After five days he was rescued, and recovered in the Philippines and at Guam. He returned to the United States and was discharged at Great Lakes Naval Station in late 1945. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Witzig, Robert Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hammond, Steve (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/34d9fa896b8a0935d4b81f8083f160d5.jpg e2a44f6515ba247bdb4916bffbf50199 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Title A name given to the resource WJC faculty Bob Conrow Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001553 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource William James College faculty, Bob Conrow, speaking while seated. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Faculty Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/03554c322835a304fd4efc5e47dd11ae.jpg ac2155cf92f4387e9a6527f7fd51d082 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Title A name given to the resource WJC faculty Kenny Zapp Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001552 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Close-up of William James College faculty, Kenny Zapp. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Faculty Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/343b4af2cc9349f56be1961d35919feb.jpg 96416b014c3fa6b89ba6f9858c7556c9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WochholzWeston Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Wochholz, Weston Description An account of the resource Weston Wochholz Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9e2baba343d59b2ef9449c316b8aa5a0.jpg 6ad0933625584cdaede5494dbe9dbd25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WohlrabGisela Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Wohlrab, Gisela Description An account of the resource Gisela Wohlrab, Biology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c36bc9d4dae37038745de4db936fa09f.pdf 1fcb001ef20473faf77c6c0716062d05 PDF Text Text 1 Grand Valley State University Special Collections Kent County Oral History collections, RHC-23 Miss Estelle Wolf Interviewed on August 6, 1974 Edited and indexed by Don Bryant, 2010 – bryant@wellswooster.com Tape #38 (1:18:01) Biographical Information Miss Estelle Wolf was born in Evart, Osceola County, Michigan on 17 July 1886, the daughter of David Wolf and Amelia Rosenfield. Estelle died on 18 September of 1988 in Manhattan, New York City. Her obituary was published in the New York Times on 21 September 1988. She was well known in New York City. David Wolf, the son of Jacob and Clara (Newberg) Wolf was born on 4 April 1856 in Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York. He was married to Amelia Rosenfield in Rock Island, Illinois on 14 October 1885. David died on 17 July 1929 at Blodgett Hospital in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. Amelia died at the age of 101 on 13 January 1965 in Blodgett Hospital. The Wolf family plot is in Oak Hill Cemetery in Grand Rapids. The Wolf family lived at 333 (227) South Union Street in Grand Rapids in 1898. The aunt and uncle mentioned are no doubt Morris A. and Ida (Wolf) Heyman who lived with their family at 317 (213) South Union Street. ___________ Interviewer: This Oral History Project Interview is being conducted on Tuesday August 6, 1974. The interview is taking place in the home of Miss Estelle Wolf. We will pick up now from this point, Miss Wolf, however you wish to begin. Miss Wolf: I‟m Estelle Wolf; I was born in Evart, Michigan and came to Grand Rapids with my parents and brother when I was seven years old. My father was one of the pioneer lumbermen, in Evart, and we moved to Grand Rapids when he became involved in selling lumber to the furniture factories here. I think I was in first grade when we came here. I always liked to go to school. I don‟t remember too much about that first grade, but I remember very well where we lived on Union Street near my aunt and uncle, Mr. & Mrs. Heyman. It was a block that had lots of children and so I had lots of playmates. We played outdoors a good deal in our big back yards, and I enjoyed all the children around there. Interviewer: Do happen to remember the names of them? Miss Wolf: Oh, yes, I remember all the names. �2 Interviewer: Maybe you can tell us who some of them were. Miss Wolf: Of course, there were my cousins, the [Morris A.] Heyman children; and next door were the [Warren B.] Stimsons, who were a big family that we had very friendly relations with: the [John K. V.] Agnew children; and farther up the street was the [Everett M.] Radcliffes, and the [George G.] Clays. We were all very friendly. I remember George Clay helped me learn to ride the bicycle. My recollection is that my father won a bicycle, a child‟s bicycle, in a lottery of some kind, and I was the first child on the block to have a bicycle. That was a great event. And down on the corner, the other way down on Wealthy, was the [Charles E.] Mercer family. They had quite a few children too, I don‟t remember exactly how many anymore. I went to Henry Street School, and it seems to me that I was always friendly with children and had lots of playmates. One incident that stands out in my mind that I think is interesting is at the school, in those days the water for the children was in a bucket and we drank out of the dipper, and we stood in line for our turn at the dipper. Henry Street School had the only black children in the city I believe. The black people all lived around in that neighborhood. I don‟t remember any one special, but as we stood in line one day for our drinks, a little black girl took a drink out of the dipper, then the next child in line refused to drink. Morris Stimson got out of his place, and came over and took a drink, and then the line went on. That evidently made a great impression on me because my mother says that I came home and told her about it, and that then I said, “Morris Stimson was a hero.” Interviewer: Oh, that‟s nice. Do you remember any of the teachers you had at school? Miss Wolf: Yes, vaguely. There was Miss [Edith K.] Boynton, I remember her at Henry Street School. I think she was the kindergarten or the first grade, maybe. Also, there was a Miss [Estelle] Hazeltine. I think she was from the family that Lee Hutchins knows Hazeltine of Hazeltine and Perkins. Those are the two names I do remember. Interviewer: Did you have any favorite subjects in school? Miss Wolf: I don‟t think so. In those days I just liked school, and I do remember… my name began with “W”, and I always sat at the back of the room. That bothered me. In class after class I sat in the back of the class. So one day I said to the teacher, “Couldn‟t you seat us by our first names?” And she did. And I sat up front after that. This year at Christmas time, a friend of mine wrote her Christmas cards by an alphabetical list of her friends. So, this year she began at the end, so I got a Christmas card this year, and so I was reminded of this event, this school incident. Interviewer: Do you remember much about the way the houses looked in your neighborhood at that time? �3 Miss Wolf: Yes, because they look almost the same now. I remember the house we moved in on Union Street, was not in very good condition. It had been occupied by a prominent family here, who didn‟t take very good care of it. That annoyed my father very much to think that this family didn‟t take better care of the house. So, when we rented it we remarked about that. Interviewer: That was when you came here from Evart? Miss Wolf: Yes, in 1893, the year of the World‟s Fair in Chicago. Interviewer: By the way, did you go to the World‟s Fair? Miss Wolf: My parents went. Interviewer: Do you have any particular memories of the lumber activity that your father engaged in? Miss Wolf: No, except we talked a good deal about Evart when we first came here. The people he knew there often came down and came to dinner with us, or to lunch, and he kept in very close contact. He had helped establish an industry there called the American Logging Tool Company, and he was the director as long as he lived. It was a very profitable factory that employed quite a few of the people in there, and he kept in contact with them. We had a telephone that was quite unusual too, I guess, and my father used to call up sometimes to talk with Mr. Rose or Mr. Postel. The operator would say, “Well they‟re not at home, but we know where they are!” Interviewer: Your father was in business here? Miss Wolf: Yes, he became quite a well known businessman, Director of the Grand Rapids Trust Company, and I think got along very well with business community. Interviewer: Did he continue his lumber connections after he went into the Trust Company? Miss Wolf: Oh, yes, that wasn‟t full time. He always sold lumber to the factories here, not the lumber that they made their furniture of, but crating materials, and that sort of thing. He was very active in the Republican Party and often said that he knew somebody in every county in Michigan, and was sent around by the National Committee at election time. Interviewer: Did he run for office? Miss Wolf: No never, no, no. I didn‟t really know much about the politics; we didn‟t talk about local politics then, in my recollection. Interviewer: Were there other children at home? Miss Wolf: Just my brother, who‟s four years younger than I am. �4 Interviewer: You mentioned also an aunt and uncle. Miss Wolf: Yes, my uncle, Mr. Heyman, had a horse, and a carriage of sorts. That was a great pleasure to all of us. The children were taken on picnics and on rides: I remember that we went up over John Ball Park and saw the Halley‟s Comet [1910]. Of course I was probably much older then. We did all kinds of nice things because they used to include me very often. Then, I had an aunt [Esther (Wolf)] who had no children, Mrs. Abe M. Amberg. She and I were very good friends. She was quite an intellectual type of person. She was semi-invalid, but she used to do certain things, and every spring she took me to North Park and taught me the wildflowers. We didn‟t take too much interest in the birds, as I remember. There was some interest in the birds, and later on I became a bird watcher, which I still am. But that was, I think, a great factor in my life, going out there, because I‟m very interested in conservation now. I do remember, when I was in high school was the time that the Audubon Society had the campaign to save the egrets. Their plumage at breeding season was taken out to decorate the women‟s hats and I think that probably the first campaign the Audubon Society had for the preservation of wildlife. I was very interested in that. I don‟t know who interested me; maybe it was a school project. I never wore any feathers on my hat after that. Interviewer: Do you remember how you went out to North Park? Miss Wolf: Oh, on the streetcar. Yes, nobody had any automobiles, and riding the streetcar was very nice, too. That‟s what we did on hot summer nights. We‟d get on the streetcar, in the summer they had open cars with long benches, and we‟d ride around the city and cool off that way. Interviewer: Did you go out as far as the Ramona amusement park? Miss Wolf: Oh, that wasn‟t any distance, then, I don‟t think. We used to go to Reed‟s Lake to skate in the winter and I don‟t remember about the summer, not when I was that small. Yes, yes, I do. There was something out there, there was a merry-go-round, there was a carousel, and I always got sick on the carousel. So, when the neighbors took all the children, I would say, “I‟m not going on it.” Once in a while they would persuade me to go, to try it. I remember once I jumped off when it was going, and somebody caught me, because I was getting sick. Interviewer: And you went out there frequently during the summer, would you say? Miss Wolf: Oh, I don‟t think so. No, I think that was quite an event to do that. We went every place on the streetcars. Interviewer: Did your family keep horses, did they have horses? Miss Wolf: No, just my uncle; and that was very unusual, I think, and a great pleasure for the family, because they were generous about taking us. In the summer some of the family, not my �5 immediate family went out to Lamont, to a boarding house out there. I guess we used to drive out there, for the evening or daytime, to have a picnic. But I think I never stayed out there and I don‟t think my parents did either. My father didn‟t like to do that sort of thing. Interviewer: Was there a fairly good-sized Jewish community in Grand Rapids? Miss Wolf: Oh, no very small. There were almost no Jewish children in school. I wasn‟t at all conscious of any discrimination or anything. We did go to the services at the Synagogue, not regularly as I remember, on the holidays we went. But, my family was not religious. The Wolf family, some of them were, more or less. But my mother was not. She always said her father, who was born in Germany, started to have training as a rabbi, but he didn‟t believe in it and he discontinued, so her family never had any religious training, I believe. She was from Rock Island, Illinois. Interviewer: Now that was your mother‟s family? Miss Wolf: Yes. Interviewer: Do you remember any of the people in Rock Island? Miss Wolf: Oh, in Rock Island? Oh, yes: we went there. My mother was one of nine children, I think that grew up. It was very, very exciting to go to Rock Island. My grandfather was a wellto-do citizen of Rock Island, and there were other family members. She had a brother and a nephew there. So there were a lot of relatives. And my uncles were always very indulgent with me and bought me things, took me on excursions and played cards with me; it was very, very pleasant to go there. A big house with all these people; I don‟t know how anyone ever could have kept house with nine children. That‟s something I can‟t imagine. We used to visit occasionally; I don‟t know that we went every year. My mother had a lot of cousins; they were a very pleasant family, very interesting, many of them, and became quite prominent citizens in various places. My one uncle lived in Des Moines, and afterwards became a well-known merchant there. One uncle went to Chicago. So, we had a lot of family around. My mother‟s one brother was very, very short and very overweight. He lived in Chicago. He was very jolly; we loved being with him; he always had good stories to tell and was so good natured and a generous person. There was an actor named George Sidney, who later became a very wellknow director. He played in Chicago in a play called, Welcome Stranger. He looked so much like my uncle that when my uncle walked along the street in Chicago when Mr. Sidney was playing there, the people would say to him, “Welcome Stranger.” Well, a few years after that he and his daughter went to Los Angeles on a trip, and they went to some kind of party where there were a lot of the movie people. His daughter saw Mr. Sidney, so she went over and spoke to him and asked him if he would come over and meet her father, for whom he was often taken. Now, you remember, he was very short, and very fat, and not very �6 good looking. Mr. Sidney came over, and the daughter introduced them. There was a slight pause, and my uncle said, “It‟s alright, Mr. Sidney, I feel just as badly as you do.” In the winter in Grand Rapids, I always loved the snowstorms. I still like them in New York when there‟s a snowstorm that ties up the city, and the traffic is a mess, and the streets get so dirty and sloppy. You know, I used to say, “I just love this!” People think I‟m kind of nutty to like a snowstorm. We used to get awfully cold; I‟d come back and cry because my feet were so cold. We‟d lie down on the banks and make angels in the snow, and have lots of fun with the snow. I always did like that. Interviewer: Were there winter sports? Miss Wolf: Oh, I was never very athletic; I could never hit a golf ball, or a tennis ball, although I used to try. Interviewer: Did you go skating in the wintertime? Miss Wolf: Yes, we went out to Reed‟s Lake, on the streetcar. I wasn‟t a very good skater either, but I‟d go with all the crowd. I had friends always, and went with the crowds, as I remember. Then another thing I remember very well was when I graduated from high school, I had a very lovely dress that we‟d taken and got a lot of pains to have made. And there was a small pox epidemic in Grand Rapids, a very serious one, and no meetings of any kind, no assemblages were allowed. No church, no meetings, and no graduation exercises. So I never was in the graduation exercise from high school. Our diplomas were mailed to us, I guess. All the descriptions of our dresses were written up in the paper, but nobody saw us in our graduation dresses, at graduation. I guess we wore them later. I think I, in fact, I took mine to college with me. Interviewer: And where was that, that you went to college? Miss Wolf: I went to Simmons, in Boston, for two years, which I enjoyed very much. I don‟t know how Simmons was chosen. Well, yes, in a way I do. Anyway I didn‟t have anything to do about choosing it. There were a number of girls from Grand Rapids at Simmons, which was quite unusual because it was a new college, and not only a new college, but a new type of college, where it was a combination of academic and occupational things. I remember going down for the first time with the girls from here on a train. That was a great event. In those days it was lots of fun traveling on the train and having the sleeper, and going into the diner and it was very enjoyable. I loved Boston, and I made friends, my two best friends. One was from Providence, Rhode Island and the other one from Dubuque, Iowa. The three of us were very good friends, and I‟m still very friendly with the girl from Dubuque. The other one, the Providence girl has passed away. But I used to go to Providence very often for weekends with her. She belonged to a neighborhood �7 crowd that took me in as a wild Indian from the west, and I was quite a curiosity. They were surprised at my enthusiasm for the stone walls, the clam chowder, and the things I‟d never had. I kept those friendships up for many, many years. That was a great event in my life. Interviewer: Did you concentrate in any particular subject at Simmons? Miss Wolf: Yes, I was in the household economic department, and specialized in sewing and cooking. But I also took academic subjects and I remember my French teacher, and my German teacher. I took great interest in going to the symphony, to plays, and to the theatre. I became quite friendly with the, oh yes, and English I took. The English teacher and I became very good friends and I used to go to the symphony with her. She was a very good teacher, who interested me in poetry and things I had never known before. One or two of the Providence people are still living, I still hear from them occasionally. Then I remember when automobiles first appeared on the scene. The first automobile that I ever rode in was owned by neighbors of ours, across the street from us on Terrace Avenue lived a Mr. and Mrs. Hayes. They were a very friendly, nice couple that had no children. They had what we called, a one lunger Cadillac, with a rear entrance. That was the first automobile, I believe, that I ever rode in. Then one summer, Mr. and Mrs. Hayes went away for some weeks, and said we could use their car. Well, of course, none of us knew how to drive a car. So we engaged Fred Pantlind, for twenty five cents an hour, to drive for us, and he‟d drive us around town. And that was just great. Then one thing, I have thought about, trying to think of things we did, was on hot summer nights we used to stand down at the corner of Union and Wealthy (this is going back some years now from what I was just talking about) and gather pinching bugs. When people passed by, we‟d put pinching bugs on them, which I‟m sure they didn‟t enjoy. But, we had lots of fun. Interviewer: Did you say not many people had automobiles in that particular time? Miss Wolf: No, no nobody had automobiles. That was well, I wouldn‟t know the date. We had our first automobile in nineteen hundred and six, I believe. My father had an insurance policy come due, and he liked always to have new things, the things that were in vogue, and he bought a Model K Winton, with that money. Now, there were quite a few Model K Wintons in town: I don‟t remember now who owned them. But we knew the automobiles in those days by the sound of their engine. We could tell when a Winton was coming down the street, and who owned it. Seems to me that Dr. [Perry] Schurtz had one, I‟ve forgotten who else. But there were four or five. Interviewer: And you knew them all? Miss Wolf: We knew them all. In those days there were no fenders on the cars, there were no electric lights, they had acetylene tanks, and also changing the tire was an all-day job. In the �8 night, sometimes you heard pounding and pounding they had to pound because tires got frozen on to the rims, and it was a terrific job to take them off. And the shift was not just like it is now. That‟s the only car that we had that I never drove. I drove all the others. And I liked to ride, and I still like to ride. I would beg my brother who did drive the car, to take me for a ride. He‟d drive me around the block and then he‟d say, “Now, are you satisfied?” Interviewer: The automobile sounded, at that time, like they were lots of fun and there weren‟t so many of them, and that you knew all of them. Miss Wolf: I had an uncle who had great influence in my life. He was a widower, Uncle Gus [Gustav A. Wolf], a lawyer who was well known here. And he was a person of many interests, especially intellectual interests, who used to talk to me a good deal about all kinds of things. It was really an education to have him interested in you. He used to be at the house quite a good deal because he did live alone, well, later lived alone. He lived with his sister until she passed away. Interviewer: Can you tell us something more about Uncle Gus? Do you remember anything particularly about him, in addition to what you‟ve already said? Miss Wolf: I ought to remember… He liked to travel. I remember once I went on a trip with him to New Orleans, and Chattanooga, and he knew all the history and we did all the sightseeing in those places. It was very interesting to go with somebody who had an interest in all that history. He was also very interested in the Jewish religion, and in the synagogue. Later, much later, he got his two brothers to join with him and they put a Tiffany window in the synagogue in memory of their parents. Now, the synagogue was sold, and the window was not removed because Uncle Gus died before it was taken out. And this very day, it is being taken out and taken to the new building. Interviewer: Have you been instrumental in making that move? Miss Wolf: Yes, I‟ve tried for several years to do it and finally one of my cousins, who was interested as I was in it, kind of urged me on and I found a way to get it moved. I hope it is not broken and that it gets safely moved and placed in the new building. It‟s now very valuable, the Tiffany windows are not made anymore, and this is a big window and a very beautiful one. Interviewer: Can you describe it a bit, for us? Miss Wolf: Well, it‟s Ruth receiving sheaves of barley from somebody. Interviewer: It‟s a very large window? Miss Wolf: Yes, it‟s a large window to have to replace. We have to put another window in place of it. Of course, it can‟t be left without a window. Interviewer: Do you remember when that window was given to the Temple or the original one? �9 Miss Wolf: It‟s in the; there is a book that was published when the new Temple was built out on Fulton Street, and the date in that is nineteen twenty-six. So I guess that was when it was put in. That was very unusual to have a Tiffany window, in this part of the country, to have anyone know about them. But Uncle Gus kept track of things like that, and was interested. Interviewer: Now, your uncle had a law practice here, you say? Miss Wolf: Yes, he was a successful lawyer. He went to Michigan, University of Michigan Law School, and I guess was one of the early graduates. I did know, but I‟ve forgotten the date he graduated. His name is in the history that Mr. Baxter wrote of Grand Rapids. Interviewer: His full name was….? Miss Wolf: Gustav A., Gustav A. Wolf Interviewer: Gustav A. Wolf. Miss Wolf: He was born in Ogdensburg, New York. All the three Wolf boys were born in Ogdensburg, and the three girls, Mrs. [Ida] Heyman, Mrs. [Esther] Amberg, and Mrs. [Bertha] Levi, were born in Ionia. Interviewer: The family lived in Ionia then for a while? Miss Wolf: Yes. Interviewer: Do you remember what type of law practice your uncle had? Miss Wolf: Well. I think it was general. General is all, as far as I know. Interviewer: And, he was not in politics either? Miss Wolf: He was a member of the library board, and enjoyed that work very much. I don‟t know that he ever ran for office. I don„t think any of the Wolfs did. Interviewer: They were primarily either in professions or in business? Miss Wolf: And interested in welfare things, and civic organizations, all of them. My mother was active at Butterworth Hospital Guild, and there is a guild named after her. She was one of the founders of the Housekeepers Guild of Butterworth, and was afterwards on the women‟s board. I guess the Housekeepers Guild is named after her, the Amelia R. Wolf Guild. Interviewer: What were some of the other activities of a welfare nature or even general social activities? Miss Wolf: I think my brother once managed a drive for the Red Cross, and my aunt, Mrs. Heyman, was active in the blind association. I think she was active at Butterworth and Blodgett �10 Hospital and so was I. I was one of the founders of the Mary Free Bed Guild, which is still in existence. We had a very exciting time when we founded that, with Rosamond Rouse, and Isabelle Boise, and we put on a series of lectures, and concerts, a number of years and brought out all the big people. It was really a terrific undertaking for us. As I remember that first year, the artists cost five thousand dollars. Of course, one artist would cost that now probably… But that was something terrific for us to raise five thousand dollars. We sold tickets, had the concerts at Power‟s Theatre, and they were very successful, and it was lots of fun, and we entertained the singers, the performers, the dancers, and the musicians, and it was very exciting. I was the treasurer, and the artists, wanted to be paid in cash the minute the concert was over. So, I had to go and get the money from the bank, the day of the concert. That made my mother very nervous, to have five thousand dollars in cash in the house. She could hardly wait till the concert was over and I got rid of that money. Interviewer: Do you remember much about the Power‟s Theatre, at that time? Miss Wolf: Yes. In those days, all the good shows went on the road. We went to the theatre very often and saw very good plays. Then I remember, I think the first movie I ever saw was at the Power‟s Theatre was the… that fight, that famous fight, [Bob] Fitzsimons and, who was the other? And my father evidently was one of the backers of that, and we sat in a box and saw that fight. That was also a great event. Interviewer: Did they have what we would call legitimate theatre only, at the Powers? Miss Wolf: That was before any movies were existence. And you saw your friends when you went to the theatre. It was always very exciting, I thought. I liked the theatre, and all the good shows came here. Interviewer: That‟s what I understand. Others have said that so many of the good shows and the good actors and actresses… Miss Wolf: We saw everything; that was you didn‟t have to go to New York to see the theatre in those days. Now, there isn‟t anything good in New York. It‟s very disappointing to go to the theatre now. I don‟t know why, but the good plays are being written, and the successful runs are all revivals of old things that I saw years ago, that I don‟t care to see again: I have my recollections of them. Interviewer: But you still go to the theatre? Miss Wolf: Not very often anymore, I‟ve only been two or three times lately, in the last year, or couple of years. I remember we used to have all the children‟s illnesses in those days. There were signs then that were then put on the house, the green sign of measles, and then you were quarantined. And we‟d play. I liked to play dolls and sew for them. So then on the doll‟s house we would put a little green sign that said “measles”. �11 Interviewer: You mentioned that there was a smallpox epidemic when you graduated from high school. Did that touch any of the members of your family? Miss Wolf: No, but we knew Dr. DeLano, who was the Health officer then, and he used to tell us about it. He showed us pictures of people who were afflicted, and they were very unpleasant pictures I remember. He was a very, very nice person. Afterwards, I kept up my association with his daughters for many years, and they became teachers. Agnes especially was a very interesting person. She lived in Washington, and I used to go down to visit her. She died in Paris a few years ago. She was a real authority about art and literature. She was a very interesting person, and I enjoyed my friendship with her very much. Interviewer: Do you remember having measles, mumps and all of that? Miss Wolf: Vaguely, yes, I had measles and mumps, I‟m sure. I guess I don‟t know what else you had. I didn‟t have diphtheria or scarlet fever. Then another thing that was always interesting was going to the dentist, for some reason or another, I liked to go there; you got a free can of toothpaste; that was fun. Interviewer: It‟s somewhat unusual not to be frightened of going to the dentist. Miss Wolf: I guess that‟s true. Well, I probably never had anything very frightening done to me, or anything that hurt. I don‟t remember much about a doctor. Oh, I guess I was always very healthy. Interviewer: Good. And the family apparently was too? Miss Wolf: Yes, and I don‟t remember my mother really ever being sick, or my father much, until the very end. Interviewer: When did your parents die? Miss Wolf: My mother lived to be almost one hundred and two, just lacked a few months. She died in nineteen sixty-five, I think. My father died in nineteen twenty nine, just when the stock market crash was about to take place. That was very disturbing to him because he realized something very serious was happening. That of course, was a terrible thing for us, and I suppose for everybody else. All of our holdings became practically worthless. Interviewer: Was there an important change in your family life at about that time? Miss Wolf: Yes, my brother was ill, and was away in a hospital. I had moved to New York, not just when he died, but soon afterwards, and my mother was in this big house. Then she rented some rooms to teachers, some interesting persons, and she made quite an interesting life for herself and got a little income from the house, and wasn‟t too lonesome with all of us gone. That was quite a change, of course. Finally, things, I don‟t know, got straightened out; I don‟t know �12 how it all happened, because at one time we practically had nothing. But we did have timber land that was sold afterwards, and I guess that helped us. Interviewer: Were you living in New York by that time? Miss Wolf: I went to New York, to a school of photography, not intending to stay. I had no idea of staying, but I stayed, and I‟m still there. Interviewer: You‟re still there. Could you tell us a little about what you have done in New York? Miss Wolf: Well, I think I‟ve had an interesting time in New York. I made friends at the schools, some of my friends from the fraternity[?] school I still see, and gradually got acquainted. During the war, I had quite a lot of work taking pictures of babies, and men who were going in to the service. Then I always liked cats. I got so I took quite a lot of pictures of people‟s pets. But after the war it all kind of petered out. Now I don‟t take any pictures at all, and I don‟t have any paid job. I‟m a volunteer for the Friends of Central Park, which I consider to be a great privilege to work with the people I do. We try to interest people in the preservation of parks, and in parks in general. Of course now, the people are interested in anti-pollution, and conservation, and we get a great response. We have bicycle trips and tours, and walking tours through the city, not just through Central Park, but other parks, and in fact into some of the towns in New Jersey that have interesting architectural buildings. Also, I‟ve gradually gotten very interested in politics. Oh, I guess I‟ll have to go back and say I worked for WPA. That was when I, gee, I don‟t know, what year was the WPA? I can‟t think what year that was. Interviewer: In the thirties. Miss Wolf: Catherine Murray was the head of the women‟s division of the WPA, in Michigan, a very close friend of mine. Through her, I got a job with the Michigan WPA. And I lived in Detroit for a couple of years taking pictures, and I guess in that way I got interested in politics. Those were the days of Roosevelt, when politics were very exciting, and lots of new things being tried. Then in New York there was a big movement to reform the Democratic Party and get rid of the old bosses. I was quite active in one of those clubs, and got to know the young people who were running for office. I have still kept up my interest, and in recent years, the borough presidents have organized what are called community boards. I‟ve been on Community Board Eight, which is one of the good boards in the city for a long, long time. I think I‟ve been on longer than anybody else. The borough president keeps reappointing me. In that way, while we don‟t have any great authority, I know what‟s going on in the community, and take part in the discussions. I‟m on some of the committees: the park committee, the landmark committee. I enjoy those contacts, and enjoy hearing what‟s going on in the city, and we‟re always fighting �13 for what we believe in. Also, through the Friends of Central Park I have testified sometimes for the city planning commission, or the landmarks commission, and that‟s been a great education for me. I never thought I could get up before the Board of Estimate and talk, but I have done it. Interviewer: Good. So, you‟ve enjoyed your time in New York. Miss Wolf: Very much, yes, I know lots of people there now. I think I know more people in New York than I do in Grand Rapids now, and see I‟ve lived there a long, long time. Interviewer: Now you mentioned boroughs, which borough do you live? Miss Wolf: I live in Manhattan. There are five boroughs, and every borough has a president. The presidents, and the mayor, and the controller, and the president of the city council, form what is called the Board of Estimate. And then, besides that, there‟s the city council. The Board of Estimate decides on all the appropriations. Interviewer: And that‟s the one you‟ve appeared before. Miss Wolf: Yes. Interviewer: Now, are there other things about Grand Rapids that stand out, or that you wanted to mention? Do you come back…? Miss Wolf: I come back every year, at least once a year, I always have. I used to come back twice a year, I used to drive, but I don‟t have a car now, so I fly. And there‟s no train anymore. Interviewer: Well, there are very few. Miss Wolf: There are very few. Maybe I ought to have taken them. Of course there was a time when I worked at the Women‟s City Club. I helped found the City Club, and I was one of the charter members of the City Club. Now they‟ve just had their fiftieth anniversary. I can‟t believe it was fifty years ago that we met, as I recall, in a room in the Morton Hotel, and started to talk about forming the City Club. Then they rented the house next to Park Congregational Church. That was the first club house. Then, for some reason, which I don‟t exactly recall, the woman who was running it left; and they were wondering who they could get to take her place. I remember that meeting very well. The Board of Directors and Catherine Murray said, “What about Estelle Wolf?” So, I got the job. She got me two jobs; with the WPA, and with the Women‟s City Club. I think I was fairly successful. We moved then up to the present location. We raised a lot of money, and it was very remarkable how that grew, I think, and there were trials and tribulations trying to please sixteen hundred women. But I enjoyed it. One of the things I remember very well, was well… I considered myself a person with no affectations, but I didn‟t like the way the people said tomato, tomato all the different ways. So I decided I was going to say tomato. It was a great effort on my part to always say tomato, because the people around here didn‟t say it. But I heard people around Boston say tomato, and I thought �14 that was very nice. When I used to order the groceries or the provisions over the telephone, for the Women‟s City Club, for the dining room, the man from whom I ordered them always repeated after me. I would say,” I want a bushel of potatoes.” He would say” A bushel of potatoes.” ”One crate of lettuce.” “A crate of lettuce.” “I want a bag of cucumbers.” “A bag of cucumbers.” And “I want three boxes of tomatoes,” and he would say “Yes.” Interviewer: That‟s charming. Who were some of the other original founders of the club? You mentioned a meeting that took place….? Miss Wolf: Oh, my, Mrs. Born was the first president, I think. This has all been in the paper recently because of their celebration of their fiftieth anniversary. Mrs. Hendricks was a president, and Mrs. Waters. Grace VanHolten (VanHouten?) was a wonderful treasurer for many years, and Edith Dykema I seem to remember. (I think) she was very active: it was a very nice group of people. Interviewer: And what, as you think back, to what purpose, and or what was the principle thing that the club was going to do? Miss Wolf: Well, they never seemed to take the interest in the civic affairs, that, for instance, the Women‟s City Club in New York does. They‟re very active in what goes on in the city and take a stand, and have studies for different projects that are being considered. But here it seemed to be more social, meeting for luncheon, and they did have always a certain number of lectures, but in more of a cultural nature, I think. Mrs. McKnight, Mrs. William McKnight contributed greatly to the club in those early days, because she knew the theatrical people who came here. I remember she brought Katherine Cornell to the club and all the prominent people who came. She did it with a great flair, it was very interesting and very nice to meet these people and have them come talk to us. Interviewer: Your membership grew rapidly? Miss Wolf: Yes, and they have a big waiting list now, I believe. I was there four years, as a secretary. (Background Voice: Tell them about Mrs. Shanahan. I thought that was quite amusing.) Miss Wolf: Oh, well, the Shanahan family, of course, I always think lent a lot of interest to the community. They had a lot of style, humor and chic. One of the first days the club was open for lunch, I saw people come in to the dining room. Then for some reason I went into the kitchen, and one of the waitresses came out to the kitchen very excited. She said “There is a lady smoking!” I said “Yes, I‟m sure that‟s Mrs. Shanahan.” So she was one of the first women in Grand Rapids to smoke, maybe. Although I remember, this is a very, very long time ago, when Teddy Roosevelt came to Grand Rapids and brought his daughter Alice. She created a furor in Grand Rapids because she smoked. �15 Interviewer: Oh, my. Do you remember anything else about that visit? Miss Wolf: No, I didn‟t go to those meetings. I did not ever join the Republican Party, even though my father had. It amused my father very much that I voted for [Robert M.] La Follette, I remember. But I went to Chicago and went to the School of Civics and Philanthropy, which of course was very liberal and I guess they influenced me to be interested in the more liberal politics. That was a very, very wonderful experience, too, because I went to the school in its heyday when the prominent people were interested in social work, Sophonisba Breckenridge, Edith Abbott, and Graham Taylor, all very remarkable pioneers. Interviewer: Do you remember anything about Miss Breckenridge? Miss Wolf: Well, I just remember her as my teacher. Interviewer: As one of your teachers? Miss Wolf: Yes. Interviewer: Well, one of the young men in my department is writing a biography of her. Miss Wolf: Of her? Interviewer: Yes. Miss Wolf: Isn‟t that interesting? Interviewer: So I may tell him that he should talk to you? Miss Wolf: Yes, because she was a very good teacher. They were all very nice to me, I remember, and she gave me special things to do. Sometimes there was a study, that somebody could do, and I remember I did one or two of those. I think maybe I even got paid for them. I don‟t know. Edith Abbott of course, was a very prominent person. Her sister, Grace Abbott, was the first director of the Children‟s Bureau, in Washington, when it was very new: or maybe she was the second, and maybe Julia Lathrop was the first. Then there was a teacher named Victor Yarroughs, who taught economics. I enjoyed his classes very much. I was instrumental in getting him to come over to Grand Rapids once, to give a lecture. Interviewer: Do you remember any other recollections of your time at the school? Miss Wolf: Oh yes. That was a very wonderful experience for me. I had an apartment and a roommate, and I was very interested in what I was doing there then. Interviewer: Was it very well received at that time? �16 Miss Wolf: Social Work? Interviewer: Yes. Miss Wolf: Oh, yes, yes I thought so, anyway. When I lived here afterwards for some years, I became interested in the Jewish Welfare Society. Let‟s see, I went there one year and then there was the First World War, and my brother went in the service. So I came to Grand Rapids, and worked for the Family Service. Then the war ended, or I guess it didn‟t end, but I went back then after a lapse of one year, and finished my courses there, and graduated, so to speak. I stayed in Chicago and worked for the Red Cross, in the Veteran‟s Hospital for several years. Then Catherine Murray, who I mentioned several times, she said to me one day, “Let‟s go to Europe”. So I resigned my job, and we went to Europe. Then I went twice more, and had wonderful trips, which I enjoyed. I haven‟t been to Europe since nineteen twenty seven. Everybody says it‟s very changed, with high rise buildings and lots of traffic, and I wouldn‟t enjoy it as much as I did. I had three wonderful trips to Europe. We stayed a long time in those days, because we didn‟t fly. The life on the ship was always part of the trip, it was fun; you met interesting people and even though I got seasick I always went again. Interviewer: Do you remember any of the ships you crossed the Atlantic on? Miss Wolf: Well, I was trying to think of those the other day. The first ones we went on were the Red Star Line. I think it was an English line, the Kroonland, and I went on Holland-America once. Those last ships I don‟t seem to remember. Interviewer: What was life like on shipboard at that time? Miss Wolf: When I was well, it was very interesting, especially if you sat at a table with some interesting people. It was fun just sitting out on the deck, enjoying the ocean and the people. I don‟t think we did much drinking in those days. But you got acquainted with quite interesting people, as I recall. Some of whom I corresponded with for some years. I enjoyed the food. It was always interesting, good, different than you had at home. Especially the manners the people that were on the English ships. People were polite, and different from what you were used to at home. Interviewer: Where did you visit in Europe? On the continent, in England. Miss Wolf: Well, I did quite extensive traveling. The first time, Catherine and I went with a group, which we found we didn‟t really need. We were capable of traveling by ourselves. The last time I went to Yugoslavia and Egypt, and always to Paris, which I liked and got to know quite well, even though unfortunately, I didn‟t speak very much French. I liked Paris, I think better than London. There are lots of people who like London better. I went to Switzerland, but I always liked France very much. I think I liked the food, and I liked the people. But I also liked Italy. I liked the Italians; I liked their animation and their friendliness. The site-seeing of course, in Italy is just marvelous. There‟s so much to see, and I didn‟t know much of that history. �17 I went one time when (I guess that was the first time we went) there was a young woman on board, who was going to Germany for the State Department. Then we saw her in Berlin, and I always kept in touch with her. She eventually ended up in Athens; so that last trip that I made, I went to Athens. She made my stay there... I went to Greece, and she made my stay there very interesting. She introduced me to people, and we hired a car and went on some trips. She came to New York once or twice, and I saw her. Within the last few years, one day, in connection with the Friends of Central Park, I got a request for a map of Central Park, from Andrew Antoniadis. That was my friend‟s son. He‟s gone back to Athens and is in business with his father who is an architect. His father, the husband of my friend, was one of the architects for the United Nations, because they employed people from all different countries. Interviewer: Good. Now, all of these trips you made were before nineteen twenty-seven, did you say? Miss Wolf: The last one was in nineteen twenty-seven. That was when I went to Egypt, which I enjoyed very, very much. That was before the days of knowing too much about that trip up the Nile. I went as far as Luxor: I should have gone farther. I didn‟t know whether there were those trips then, and seeing those monuments that have since been destroyed or removed. I like the sight-seeing in Egypt; it interested me very, very much. Through an organization that I belong to, I got in touch with an English guide, a woman who had an encampment out at Geza [Gaza?]. I stayed out there with her, and she was very helpful in helping me go sight-seeing and telling me what to see and she took me around some, and to some of the restaurants. I remember that she went with me because I was alone there, and it wasn‟t too pleasant then for a woman to be alone in Egypt. Interviewer: Did you make two trips with Catherine Murray? Miss Wolf: Yes, I went twice with Catherine Murray, and once alone. The last time alone was quite extensive. I met some friends and went down the Yugoslav coast, with these people. We were on a ship that stopped at all the places. We started at Trieste, and it was soon after the war, and there were live sheep on the ship. They were reparations from Germany to some of those countries. So, that was a very interesting trip. I remember you never knew who, (after you stopped at a port, then you got back on) your companions were. I remember these young women, I was with; they stayed in Albania. So I get back on the ship alone, and I wondered who in the world would be on that boat with me, who I could be able to talk to. We sat down for dinner, and I didn‟t say anything for awhile, because I didn‟t know if they spoke English. Then a young man began to talk. He was an Albanian, but he was a graduate of Harvard. So we got along fine. Interviewer: I‟ll bet! Did he like clam chowder as well as you? �18 Miss Wolf: Well, I hope so. Interviewer: I imagine it would be both difficult and unusual for a young woman to be traveling by herself at that time, in Egypt. Miss Wolf: Well, I got kind of frightened by a woman. I went from Athens, or Piraeus, or whatever the port was, to Egypt with. This was all very new and strange to me. I bought a ticket, of course, for the ship. When I got on, the Purser said to me, “I noticed that your ticket is from Cook & Company and you‟re in a state room with a Nubian woman and some children.” He said “I‟ve taken the privilege of changing you.” I didn‟t know what a Nubian woman was. But I got into this cabin with an English woman, whose husband was in King Farouk‟s entourage. She wasn‟t allowed to travel with him. They had gone to England, so she had to travel alone. Well, she didn‟t like Egypt, and she scared the daylights out of me, about what to do and what not to do, so unnecessarily. There wasn‟t any danger around me at all. So, I was a little apprehensive about it. But also, when you were alone, an Egyptian guide wasn‟t necessarily an interesting companion, so that I would like to talk to other people. Interviewer: Are there any other things that you want to mention now? Any other things that have come to mind about your connections with Grand Rapids? Miss Wolf: Oh, I loved high school. I went from Henry Street, I went to Central Grammar in the seventh and eighth grades, and made friends there that were not just from my own little community, or neighborhood. Then I went to Central High School. I loved going to school, and I loved going to high school. I wasn‟t ever a very good student, but I liked going. Then I became a member of a Sorority, which was very undemocratic of me. But we were a very nice association. I didn‟t think anything about this sorority. I didn‟t know much about it, I guess. But I went home for lunch one day, or went home after school, I guess it was, one day and my mother said, “Hazel Amberg and Carrie Ward have been here to see you.” I couldn‟t imagine what these older, very exciting women came to see me about. But they came again, and invited me to join the sorority and that was a very nice experience for me, even though it was undemocratic. I got to know this circle of girls well. We did things together and had meetings. I remember most of my teachers in school, Miss [Agnes] Ginn, the French teacher, and Miss Stout (I‟ve forgotten what she taught.), Mrs. Heeve, and Mr. Bacon, maybe that was Central Grammar…… We had dances and danced a lot. We had a building that had been a stable that we made into a recreation room. We called it the Annex, and it was in the back of our house. We had a phonograph, what we called a phonograph in those days, and a dance floor. We had lots of dances. There was a very nice neighborhood there too, a very congenial neighborhood. We used to have picnics there, and it was even once a hospital. When one of my aunts was ill, she didn‟t want to go home, and she didn‟t want to stay in the hospital. So they fixed that [the Annex] up for a hospital. It was a very convenient building to have. My father had some railroad friends, and I guess they played cards. They used to bring a cook up from the Pullman, and roast pig. I �19 remember they would have great feasts there. The men loved to come up there to that room and play cards and have dinner. Interviewer: That was the house… Miss Wolf: That was the Annex that was on Terrace Avenue; later Prospect Street or Prospect Avenue, I believe. Interviewer: How long have you lived in this house? Miss Wolf: As I recall, my father bought this house in nineteen twenty seven, when I was in Europe. He remodeled it quite extensively. We had sold the house on Prospect and lived in a small apartment on Sheldon Avenue for two or three years, until this house was finished. I think we moved in here in nineteen twenty-eight. My father like this house very much. He enjoyed living here. He wanted to live near enough so we could walk downtown. Those were the days when people were first beginning to move out on the outskirts. But he didn‟t want to do that. Interviewer: Now, as I‟ve asked others this question, I thought maybe you now would like to respond to it. Your life in New York is very different. But, of course, today it‟s very much like life in most large cities. Outside of the location of your life today, things are very different than they were, say, when you were living on Terrace Avenue. The whole quality of life seems to be very different. I wonder if you have thought what was responsible, what, more than anything else, is responsible for the change in the life that we live. I know you mentioned the excitement of being a child when the first automobile came through, and you talked about the advent of movies, and things of that sort. Do you see any of these things as having much influence? You mentioned the Depression; do you see any of these things, or anything else, as being important as a thing that has changed the way we all live? Miss Wolf: Well, that‟s a very interesting question. I don‟t know; I‟d have to give it a lot of thought. I think it‟s just a gradual evolution, from day to day as things change, and as life has changed for most people. All the things we use every day. Sometimes you know, you think you don‟t like some of the new things. I don‟t like women wearing pants, for instance. But, on the other hand there are some things that you do like: Plastic bags and shopping bags; what did we do without those? And the automobile, so that‟s all just a gradual thing. Then I think of my early childhood. I think the Wolf family, perhaps my father not quite as much as my aunts and Uncle Gus, were very interested in what went on in the world. I remember sitting around in my grandmother‟s house and hearing my aunts and uncles discuss a popular book, Trilby. I remember that they were very excited about it. They were an intellectual group of people, and their friends were interested in the intellectual things too, more so than my parents. So, I was kind of drawn to sitting around and listening to that. I think, then as I grew older, that those were the kind of people I associated with. �20 My mother had a sister who lived in St. Paul, who also had no children. I used to be with her quite a good deal. She was very active in the suffrage movement, and in helping to form the Minneapolis Symphony, and was a prominent person there. So that all those things interested me. I presume that, that continued through my life, so that I kept on in my own way. I‟m a joiner, and in New York, there are many opportunities to join, and politics became more exciting than in the old days. The population increased, and activities increased, and the life changed. I think the automobile had a great deal to do with the changing of our lives. Looking at the size of the city, New York is a great center for so many things, and the things interested me in some way. Interviewer: How do like to live in New York now, as compared to when you first arrived. Miss Wolf: Well, New York is not as attractive as it used to be. Everybody says that. There was a time when I said, “I hope I feel the glamour of New York every time I step out on the street.” Well now, when you step out on the street you see the litter, the graffiti, and the people whose clothes I don‟t like. I think the people are as unattractive as the city. I don‟t like the new buildings. I think it‟s very sad to see them tearing down some very handsome buildings that cannot be replaced. There is a great fight to keep the landmarks, but it is fight, because of course money is involved and the taxes are high on the old buildings. But there‟s great, great interest in the old things; the good old things. There is a continuous fight to save them, and continual fighting against the Metropolitan Museum for their taking the Park land and adding wings that have no relation to the old architecture. People are very disturbed about these things, and so, you‟re glad to see that there is so much interest. There is more and more interest, I think; more interest in nature, and preserving the wildlife, the species that are endangered. You see that all the time, everyday in the Times. The New York Times is very good at alerting the people to what is going on in the way of conservation of nature, and the buildings, the landmarks. I think they‟re influential in that. Interviewer: You‟ve been working especially with the landmarks, is that right? Miss Wolf: Well, I‟ve done a little – not very much – some. But I‟ve been more interested in the parks. Interviewer: In the Park itself? Miss Wolf: I‟ve got to know quite a lot about the parks. I work with very interesting people, who have spent a great deal of time studying these things, and informing themselves. I‟m very privileged I think, to work with them. Interviewer: And you still enjoy New York, really? Miss Wolf: Oh, I still enjoy New York. Interviewer: All things considered? �21 Miss Wolf: I don‟t get around quite as well as I did fifty years ago, but I get around. Interviewer: Thank you very much! INDEX A Abbott, Edith · 16 Abbott, Grace · 16 Agnew family (John K. V.) · 2 Amberg, Hazel · 19 Amberg, Mrs. (Abe M.) · 4 Amberg, Mrs. (Esther) · 9 Amelia R. Wolf Guild · 10 American Logging Tool Company · 3 Antoniadis, Andrew · 18 Audubon Society · 4 F First World War · 16 Friends of Central Park · 12, 13, 18 G Ginn, Miss (Agnes) · 19 Grand Rapids Trust Company · 3 H B Bacon, Mr. · 19 Boise, Isabelle · 10 Born, Mrs. · 14 Boynton, Miss (Edith K.) · 2 Breckenridge, Miss · 16 Breckenridge, Sophonisba · 15 Butterworth Hospital Guild · 10 C Central Grammar · 19 Central High School · 19 Clay family (George G.) · 2 Clay, George · 2 Cornell, Katherine · 15 D DeLano, Agnes · 11 DeLano, Dr. · 11 Depression · 20 Dykema, Edith · 14 Hayes, Mr. and Mrs. · 7 Hazeltine and Perkins · 2 Hazeltine, Miss (Estelle) · 2 Heeve, Mrs. · 19 Hendricks, Mrs. · 14 Henry Street School · 2, 19 Heyman family (Morris A.) · 2 Heyman, Morris A. · 1 Heyman, Mr. & Mrs. · 1 Heyman, Mr. (Morris A.) · 4 Heyman, Mrs. (Ida) · 9, 10 Hutchins, Lee · 2 J Jewish Welfare Society · 16 John Ball Park · 4 L La Follette, (Robert M.) · 15 Lathrop, Julia · 16 Levi, Mrs. (Bertha) · 9 �22 M Mary Free Bed Guild · 10 McKnight, Mrs. William · 15 Mercer family (Charles E.) · 2 Morton Hotel · 14 Murray, Catherine · 13, 14, 17, 18 N Newberg, Clara · 1 P Pantlind, Fred · 7 Park Congregational Church · 14 Power’s Theatre · 10 R Radcliffe family (Everett M.) · 2 Ramona Park · 4 Reed’s Lake · 4, 6 Roosevelt, Alice · 15 Roosevelt, Teddy · 15 Rosenfield, Amelia · 1 Rouse, Rosamond · 10 S Schurtz, Dr. (Perry) · 8 Shanahan family · 15 Shanahan, Mrs. · 15 Sidney, George · 5 Sidney, Mr. · 6 Stimson family (Warren B.) · 2 Stimson, Morris · 2 Stout, Miss · 19 T Taylor, Graham · 16 V VanHolten, Grace · 14 W Ward, Carrie · 19 Waters, Mrs. · 14 Wolf family · 5, 20 Wolf, David · 1 Wolf, Gustav A. · 8, 9 Wolf, Ida · 1 Wolf, Jacob · 1 Wolf, Uncle Gus · 8, 9, 20 Women’s City Club · 14, 15 Y Yarroughs, Victor · 16 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/45f4d42cb954f3ad7af2ef1e97a2c89d.mp3 f668f5c265894abf1bc7563ad8dcdbe7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Local histories Memoirs Michigan--History Oral histories (document genre) Description An account of the resource Taped and transcribed interviews conducted in the early 1970s primarily of the children and grandchildren of many of the founders of Grand Rapids, Michigan; many of whom were residents of the Heritage Hill neighborhood. Interviews were collected to develop a significant collection of oral resources that would supplement other primary and secondary local history materials. Initially funded as a private project, Grand Valley State College (now University) assumed responsibility for continuing the project until 1977. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/452">Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf; audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text; Sound Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1971 - 1977 Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23_38Wolfe Title A name given to the resource Wolf, Estelle Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wolf, Estelle Description An account of the resource Estelle Wolf was born July 21, 1886. Miss Wolf spent two years at Simmons College in Boston, Massachusetts. She was one of the founders of the Mary Free Bed Guild in Grand Rapids. She taught school and photography in New York, and was active in politics in a Democratic club in New York during the Roosevelt era. She was a volunteer for the Friends of Central Park in New York, and worked for the WPA in Detroit. Miss Wolf died September 1, 1988. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan--History Local histories Memoirs Oral histories (document genre) Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Grand Valley State University Women Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf audio/mp3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ed9b422d458c67efc74f675fe86ed074.jpg fa5ca8a2d181db4ea983b8a932004284 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00200 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1930 Title A name given to the resource Wolf's head Font-de-Gaume Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of a Paleolithic wolf head mural from Font-de-Guame. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Drawings Cave paintings Archaeology Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/023522efc97f46c34ae36efce7643fef.jpg 55df55fbe82c38955260ae01ffc610ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WolfeGeorgeAlbert Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Wolfe, George Albert Description An account of the resource George Albert Wolfe, Tourism Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5098715f6f315d2207690cfbf33f4589.mp4 1ee388839488790b40c303d599b09991 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ffab03c090fefa93fcf2ef5faa3fe5ea.pdf 1ef304aab450f8ea7f4426bb78ea36f6 PDF Text Text Wolfe, Jill Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: None (between Cold War and 9/11) Interviewee’s Name: Jill Wolfe Length of Interview: 1:18:16 Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Hokulani Buhlman Interviewer: We’re talking today with Jill Wolfe in Grand Rapids, Michigan and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay, Jill, start of with some background on yourself and to begin with: where and when were you born? I was born in December 1975 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Interviewer: Okay, did you grow up there or did you move around? I moved from Oklahoma City when I was three years old to St. Louis, Missouri and in St. Louis moved around three times before finally moving to Troy, Michigan a suburb of Detroit when I was 15. Interviewer: Okay. And so did you finish high school there? I did. Interviewer: Okay. And what was your family doing for a living when you were a kid? My mom was an art therapist, so that was kind of interesting, and my dad negotiated contracts for companies, corporations. Southwestern Bell he worked for for a long time. Interviewer: At least as long as there was one. Yeah. Interviewer: Did that one survive the merges or is that something else? No, he ended up working for Ameritech. Interviewer: Okay. When I was in high school, so. �Wolfe, Jill Interviewer: Alright, now… okay so what year did you finish high school? I graduated in 1994. Interviewer: Okay, and what did you do after high school? Well, I had applied and was accepted to both Michigan State University and Grand Valley State University and I thought Grand Valley was just a little bit further away from my parents and that sounded good to me, and I have a very specific memory of probably a week or two before I was supposed to leave for college my mother coming into my bedroom and waking me up and saying, “You’re not ready to go to college, you should join the military.” and I just remember being so… it was the weirdest thing, being so surprised, and I said, “No, I’m fine, I’m going to college.” and that's what I did. I started at Grand Valley in the fall of 1994. Interviewer: Okay, now where—do you have any idea where that idea of your mother’s came from? I think that she has always worried about me? And I did not have great grades in high school but I got a solid B average, I don’t know where that came from, no. And my dad was in ROTC during Vietnam and I just don’t come from a military family, so I’m just not sure what she thought was going on there but it was very weird. Interviewer: Did he do the full ROTC and then become an officer or just the first two years and then? Right, his older brother actually went through the whole ROTC during Vietnam and ended up being stationed in Korea and he was a career officer and retired from the army probably 25 years after that, so. Interviewer: Okay, but somewhere in there your mother had the sense that this would help you grow up or get focused or something. I don’t know if she was worried about the tuition bill or… I’m gonna have to ask her about this someday but I think… She’s always been—we’ve never had a great relationship? Interviewer: Okay. I’ll leave that one there. Okay, so how do you wind up in the military then? (3:28) Well, I came to Grand Valley and it was typical Freshman experience, lots of you know, trying out your freedom and being on your own for the first time and I was fine but I just kinda thought “Well, maybe there’s something more to life than this?” it didn’t seem like there was much meaning to it for me and I’ve always been a kind of thoughtful kid, and I didn’t think that much of it really, I mean it’s just what everybody else did. And so I came home for Thanksgiving and my parents sat me down and said unless you get a job to help pay for your tuition we’re not gonna �Wolfe, Jill send you back next semester. And I was completely surprised at this, I had no idea that this was an issue for them and I was pretty upset about it, and I threw a huge fit and we argued and they stood firm on it and said “Nope, this is happening.” and they had to go pick up my grandmother at the airport she was visiting for the holiday, and as the garage door is closing the phone rings and it’s a recruiter, and he said “How would you like $30,000 for college?” and I was like, “Let’s talk! You have some incredible timing, sir, and yeah let’s talk about this.” He was, I think, from the you know the east side of the state where I was living at the time and I said “Well I’m going to Grand Valley” and he said “Well I’ll connect you with a recruiter over there.” and so I made an appointment, didn’t tell my parents, and we met at a bowling alley that was just off campus at the time. And I didn’t realize this but I was like the first or second person he’d ever tried to recruit and so he, I was thinking I’d go into the reserves, and he had this binder that he pulled out and it had like clip art pictures of like an airplane and a dollar sign and you know, I don’t know, somebody in a hardhat and he’s like “Point to which picture you would want to get out of your experience.” and somewhere along the line I picked up that he was recruiting for active duty, full time and I said “Oh, this isn’t for me, I’m not gonna do this.” and he got super sad and closed his book. “Okay.” and he put it away and I felt badly for him, I was a young woman of the 90s and did not wanna disappoint anybody or make him feel badly so I said go ahead, finish your speil. So he did and I went back to the dorms, I lived in Kisler at the time, took a long walk, there was an old tow rope back there in the woods and you know those feelings of I’m feeling like college just wasn’t holding what I thought it was, I wasn’t doing anything important or that mattered and maybe this was an option, and it was also not far from my mind that I could do this myself that I could pay for college and not have to depend on my parents and not have this fight with them anymore. So I went to the MEP station and I did all the medical stuff and filled out all the paperwork. I had taken the ASVAB and didn’t know it at the time but had gotten a pretty good score, I didn’t know what a good score was. (6:50) Interviewer: So, explain what a MEP station and ASVAB are. Oh, so the MEP station is the Military Entrance Processing… I don’t know what the S stands for. I want to say center but clearly that’s not it. But it’s where, if you’re going to go into the military, they process everything before you go in, and that was that. Then the ASVAB is basically the competency IQ test the military gives you, and I have no recollection of taking it but I must have, and so at the MEP station they sat me down to find out what kind of job I wanted to have. I said, “Well, I’d like something maybe with journalism or computers.” and the recruiter said—another super sad face—“All those jobs are taken.” and I was like wow, like they filled that up fast and like the whole army doesn’t, okay, not wanting to disappoint anyone and he said “Well what about like a truck driver or cook?” and I said “You know, if I can do it in the civilian world I’m not sure I want to do it in the army.” and he said “Okay, well why don’t you go talk to the captain.” So I went into the Captain’s office and sat down and same thing, what do you want to do. Well I’d like to be in a writer, I’ve always been a writer, maybe journalism or something along that line or possibly something with computers. Again, super sad face, don’t have any of those left, and then he asked me he said, “Have you ever considered a traditional female job?” and I’m 19, I have no idea what he’s talking about like I’m not even aware enough to be offended, just like what could he possibly be referring to. And so I ask “What do you mean?” and he says, louder, �Wolfe, Jill “You know, a traditional female job?” and I’m racking my brain and finally I’m like, “You mean, like a mom?” like that was the only thing I could think of that he was talking about, and he just said, “You know what, never mind, go back out and talk to Sergeant so and so and we’ll find something for you.” And so I went back out to Sergeant so-and-so and he had a whole list printed off on his desk of things that I qualified for based on my ASVAB score, and there was one that said non-morse communications specialist. And I was like “Well I’m a communications major, I can do that!” and he said “Oh you don’t want that job, that’s a six-year hitch.” and I said “Well, I don’t know,” like, “I don’t know, read it, see what it is.” So he gets out his book and he opens it up and he’s like “Oh, it’s actually a 3 year hitch!” and I’m like “Perfect.” I knew that I probably couldn’t do two years because that’s mostly for combat arms, so he read it off and I didn’t really understand any of it, but I said sure, let’s do that. And he said okay. So, signed up for that and it turns out that that particular job has a very high security clearance, and so I spent several weeks going through all interviews with the—I can’t even remember the name of the service but it’s like a government service separate from the military that does these, and I remember I had some paperwork I had to fill out and they asked me how many times I’ve been drunk. I was a freshman in college and I’m like, I don’t know, I think I wrote down 4 or 5. And then I was in an interview and they asked me again and I think I said like 7 or 8 and that stopped the whole thing. “Oh, what’s this discrepancy here?” and all I could say was I just don’t—I’m not a huge drinker but, you know, I’ve been to parties in high school and parties in college and I guess they decided that was a good enough explanation, at least enough to send me to boot camp. So the way I had sort of worked things out was I think I was pretty much all set to go like March, April maybe, timeframe and so but I wanted to finish out my semester here at Grand Valley, my parents did send me back. And oh, but the way, to go back to that when I came back to visit in probably January or something and told them that I had joined the military they were “Oh no, no no no! That’s not at all, no! You don’t have to do that, let’s not do that, we’ll figure something out.” and I said “No. I have decided that this is what I’m gonna do and this is what I’m gonna do, and you don’t have to pay for anything so don’t even worry about it.” So they, I guess, didn’t fight too hard on it but I knew they were—they just thought “What the heck is going on?” So I finish out the semester at Grand Valley, I knew I was shipping out in May of 1995 and I got like a waiver or something cause I wanted to go down and visit my family in Oklahoma, so I actually shipped out from Oklahoma and… do you want me to keep going? (12:11) Interviewer: Oh yeah. Where was boot camp? So I shipped out to Fort Jackson, South Carolina and I had never even flown by myself before, so like I was really… I think back like it was really the first time I had ever been on my own, it was scary and we got to the airport and there were several of us and they picked us up in a van, and they drove us to Fort Jackson, and it felt like the middle of the night to me I don’t know how late it was but it felt like the middle of the night. And I remember they had this room where before—you know you had a box in it and you could go into, it was like a booth almost, and there was a box in it and they were, they just scared the living shit out of us like “If you have ANYTHING on you that is unauthorized you need to put it in that box.” it is the amnesty box is what it was, so. I remember going through my bag and having pictures of like my boyfriend and �Wolfe, Jill like a granola bar and like all this stuff and I was just like “Okay, fine.” you know and just put it in, and just put everything in there that was personal, basically. And yeah it was really… it was scary and I had no idea what was going to happen next. Interviewer: Now did you find out later whether or not that was really what they meant by unauthorized, or did they really want drugs and whatnot? I think it was drugs and porn is mostly what ended up in there, but again, I did not want to break any rules or have anybody be mad at me and I thought well, you know, just like you said they put the fear of God into us about having anything unauthorized, so. (13:56) Interviewer: Alright, so now what’s the processing system like? I mean you get there, you’ve gotten rid of your unauthorized material, and then what? We went to like a holding unit? So, I don’t remember much about getting issued, like, my uniforms. I do—they issued, I feel like, the dress uniforms later? I do remember that. But got the BDUs and the boots and maybe offered a haircut and we got sent to this like holding unit where I met these women that were from all over the United States. Most of them I would say very different from how I had been raised and a lot of women of color. Had a fair number of representatives who were exotic dancers, which I thought was kind of interesting, a lot of them had children that they had signed over, you know, what do you call it… custody to, to their parents, so that they could come do this. And we all called each other by where we were from: so there was Michigan, California, Louisiana and Carolina and that was just how we did it, and I feel like there was kind of an immediate bond. And I do remember being woken up very very early in the morning—and I mean you know of knew that was going to happen but it was still a shock and doing exercises and eating the gross food in the chow hall. There was a male company that was in the same area that we were, and we were always kind of looking over at them like “What are they doing, do they have it as bad as us, are we going to be with them?” because it turns out I was maybe the second unit to go through or cohort to go through Fort Jackson in a mixed gender platoons. So, anyway, spent a few days there until I guess they got enough of us to send over to our regular basic training unit and rode the bus over there, and you know, just like in the movies the bus door opens and those drill sergeants just tear onto that bus and start screaming at us and we’re just have no idea what’s going on, grabbing our stuff, people are doing push ups and it was… very jarring and, but I just kept my mouth shut and did what I was told which served me very well for most of my military service. And I feel like we were there for like a day and a half before the males showed up, and so again, like he was learning how to use floor buffers, for some reason that was a big deal. And we had these big bays that we were in and like I don’t know how many of us, maybe 20, with bunk beds top and bottom and lockers, learning how to organize our stuff and I remember we were having some sort of lecture, they were giving us some information, we were all sitting on the floor in one of the bays in the barracks and some female did something… skirty. And drill sergeant, female drill sergeant, called her up in front of the class and was like “Beat your face, better get down and beat your face.” and this girl was so scared, and she just froze and drill sergeant yelled it louder like, “Get down, beat your face!” and she sort of was looking back and forth and trying to figure �Wolfe, Jill out and she gets down on both knees and starts going like this (Wolfe pats her left cheek rapidly) and that was the first time I ever saw a drill sergeant crack a smile. And she puts her head down and she says “Push ups, Private.” and then you can see them go “Oh! Okay.” and so she starts doing push ups. And I’ll never forget that. That’s how the army sort of taught us lessons was make an example out of one person and make it so terrible that you would never ever subject yourself to that, so. So yeah, so then it was about a day and a half and then the males arrived and it was a very weird thing, I think when you tell 19-20 year old kids that they are to have absolutely no fraternization or any sort of, no flirting, nothing, it’s just. They can’t help but do it. So I remember that being like a constant sort of underlying tension was this like… weird, sexual, and there were people having sex in the pup tents when we were out, you know, on BIVOUAC and laundry rooms, wherever. It was pretty crazy. But, that being said, I think it was really good for us like of course we were going to be in our units with males and they were going to be with females, so they needed to learn to work with us. And they were also really diverse and interesting and came from all sorts of backgrounds—we had one guy that was a…I don’t know what he was thinking, he flunked out of West Point and was there. And in fact we had a couple of West Point Cadets that were there, helping to train. So yeah, that was boot camp. For me it felt like kind of a tough summer camp. (19:17) Interviewer: But what were they having you do? How were you spending your time while you were there? I remember we spent a lot of time learning how to march, we were terrible at it. Lot of times and so I was in Fort Jackson, South Carolina in… you know, May, June July. It was pretty hot. We, in fact, we would do things like, like we had the—oh god, what’s it called—bayonet course, we had to learn to use our bayonets and so we had a course through the words where we would like stab these like fake soldiers. And it was so hot and there was like, they had different flags, that they didn’t want us running through it we had to walk through it and so. And I remember also being out on, I forget what we called it, but maneuvers we had to walk out to a spot in the woods, we dug these fox holes, set up pup tents and it was all in this South Carolina heat and I remember lying inside of my pup tent after having just sweated all day and I was still in my tshirt that I had worn and I couldn’t stand the smell of myself, it was so just gross. And I don’t know if they didn’t give us wipes or whatever but it was just dirty and so we did that, and then I remember the march back we had gotten no sleep and that being really, really hard and I could barely keep my eyes awake. Probably the most physically exhausted I’ve ever been in my life outside of giving birth, that was pretty tough too, but. And I remember we were almost back to the barracks and I was holding my weapon and had a full pack on and I tripped and I just managed to catch myself before I fell but sort of took a few steps and got out of line, and I remember First Sergeant just on me so fast and just screaming at me “What are you doing, get back in line!” and I think, like looking back on it now, they knew how exhausted and tired we were and they just needed us to hold on a little bit longer and any sort of give that they would have given us we just would have collapsed because we were so tired, but he really went after me and I didn’t have that happen too often. One of the other memories that really stands out is doing the gas chamber, and I used that sort of as the baseline for the hardest most uncomfortable thing I’ve ever done, it was really awful. So they had, like a little shed basically, �Wolfe, Jill and they sort of told us what was going to happen and we had our gas masks and had been trained on that, and our mock gear, and again South Carolina heat this was in the mid 90’s, I mean like mock gear’s always been terrible but so they march us into there and Drill Sergeants in there and has some sort of… I know it’s not mustard gas but some sort of, and it’s yellow and the whole room is dark and filled with this sort of brown yellow haze. And of course before we go in we all just take a deep breath and just hold our breath. And so we’re all standing in there just holding our breath, kind of looking around, not really knowing what to expect and Drill Sergeants in there in there in his mask and he says, “Okay, everybody take a breath.” and I’m looking around and like my eyes are kind of burning a little bit but it doesn’t really seem that bad. And so I’m like, I’m just gonna take a teeny little breath in, and just barely open my nostrils and just—eugh, just got in my lungs and just started coughing and coughing and coughing. — Oh, we must have walked in with our masks on, that’s what happened. Then take your mask off, and of course we’re holding our breath, we’re looking around no big deal, he tells us to take a breath, we kind of look around, we try it, and then everybody starts coughing. And they were very clear like if you push, or if you try to run out of there, you’re gonna be in huge trouble—I don’t know if they told us we could get kicked out of the army because of it, like they were not fucking around that you do not push to get out of there, but man. Everything within my beings was just choking choking choking. So, finally they open the door and you do start shoving to get out, and we had to do this weird thing were we had to talk while we were, and they said “I am opening my eyes, I am flapping my arms.” is what we had to say. And of course we’re choking and just the snot, I just remember. And just choking and everybody is like stumbling all around int he woods, it was this like Carolina pine forest, and just. Just trying to get it out of our system and it was so, so unpleasant it probably took a good 10 minutes to clear all that out, but once it was over then felt kind of a sense of accomplishment. Okay, like, I did that. So that was that part. We learned to fire weapons and one of the things that I remember is that they would take us—they would issue our weapons, must have been near the barracks, and it was… we were so tired, so tired, so they’d load us all on a bus and we had these kevlar helmets that we put on and we’d sit on the bus and we had our rifles between our knees and I remember, if you could get your kevlar like perfectly balanced on the muzzle of your M-16 you could sleep. You could just. But, if the bus hit a bump, it would knock the muzzle of the rifle into your forehead so there were a whole bunch of us that had wounds on our heads from trying to sleep on the bus, so. And we—yeah, so, and I actually really enjoyed the marksmanship part of it and I was actually pretty good at it. We shot at these little targets that were made like Russian soldiers and we called them Ivans. And I remember when we lined up to get our badges, um… am I moving around too much? We were all lined up and it must have been the Lieutenant, maybe it was one of the West Point Cadets, came by and was giving out they were like sharpshooter, sharpshooter, expert, sharpshooter, and then came to me and said “Expert.” and I was like. Wait what? And I remember being excited and like wanting to, I had this urge to like hug the cadet and like, they were both sort of surprised like okay never mind, but yeah, I had done really well at the range and I really enjoyed it. And to this day I was actually in Oklahoma over thanksgiving and we were shooting skeet with a shotgun and in the front yard of the farm and I’m legally blind, and I probably fired better than anyone except my dad, who's also sort of just known to be a really good shot. So I—we don’t know if it’s genetic or what, but. That was pretty much actually the last time I fired a gun, was in the army. Was in basic training, sorry. The last �Wolfe, Jill time I fired a weapon in the army in basic training, so we did that…. Trying to think of some other funny stories that happened in boot camp. I had one in my head. I do remember to go back to getting our dress uniforms like halfway through. It was halfway through boot camp, the drill sergeant kind of lightened up at this point and, you know, the girls went on one side and the guys went on the other and the dress uniforms were like skirts and blouses. And like… we’re all wearing—I wasn’t, but a lot of my fellow soldiers were wearing these what they called BCGs, Birth Control Glasses, that they issue you, and. Interviewer: Those have the big heavy flat black screens? Yeah, yeah, just… not at all attractive but everybody had the same ones and we put on these skirts, and we put on these heels—they issued us heels—and we put on these blouses and we’ve been in, you know, battle dress uniform, BDUs, for a long time in boots and had out hair tied back or cut off and I remember putting on these dress uniforms and we’re looking at each other and we’re like, “Hi!” And in fact we had an opportunity to step out into the hallway or into a room where the guys had come in when their dress uniforms’ on and we were like “Okay!” and they were like “Oh, hey, you’re actually kind of feminine.” so it was a very sort of weird moment but, you know you just have everything taken away from you and I do remember that there was lots of fighting with the girls but there was also the girls, I remember some of the black girls would sing Amazing Grace, they would sing gospel songs in the barracks at night and, just to have everybody singing together even those of us white girls that hadn’t grown up with that, but you know we knew the words, was really quite powerful and built some pretty strong relationships. And I have not kept in touch with anybody that I was in boot camp with but it was a pretty life-changing experience and I remember that I was doing laundry one time and the barracks were like, they were on stilts, they were big brick buildings and so the whole bottom floor was just open area to the outside with like maybe a room for the laundry, and so my laundry was getting done. You had to be very careful to watch your laundry because people would steal it to have extra uniforms and t-shirts and stuff, so I was close but I was stepped outside and I saw this sunset happening at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and I remember having an appreciation for a sunset unlike anything I had before like, it was just a moment of peace and tranquility and I was so homesick, I missed home so much and on Sundays you could go to church, which anyone who has been to bootcamp knowns even if you are never religious going into boot camp, to be able to have the opportunity to leave the training area and go to a place where you could feel semi-human and like you were an individual or a person was huge. And I remember also feeling very grateful for the opportunity to sit in pews with people who were dressed in civilian clothes and sing the songs and just have that moment of feeling a little bit like myself again, so. So, yeah, it was… a great experience, my parents came down for graduation which was great but honestly I spent most of the time celebrating with my fellow platoon mates, we were just so excited and I remember I had asked my mom to bring a dress cause I wanted a dress, I wanted to wear something feminine, and she brought this little sundress and it had a little like cropped jean jacket that went with it, and so I went out to lunch with my parents, my brother was probably there too, I went out to dinner and then we made plans to meet, everybody to meet up later and one of the guys from my platoon, his parents were staying in the same hotel as my �Wolfe, Jill parents, and so he stopped by the room to pick me up. And I remember opening the door and him seeing me in the dress with my hair down and just, he was just like, and I was just like, “Woah.” So we did, we went out and somebody bought alcohol and we had a hotel room and we just partied and hooked up and did all those things we hadn’t been allowed to do for a long time but, it was kinda sort of anti-climatic because I was told that my security clearance still hadn’t gone through, so I had to stay at bootcamp rather than go on to AIT which was Advanced Individuals Training. (32:00) Interviewer: What proportion of your platoon got through the whole thing? That’s a good question. I think most of them probably did. I think there were two girls that got sent back a rotation because of physical training, because they couldn’t do the push ups and the sit ups. I was not good at the run, the run was really hard for me, and I–throughout my entire time in the army I hated battalion runs, I hated having to run at the same pace as everyone else because I inevitably fell behind and I inevitably would be… God, I don’t know what was worse: having a drill sergeant next to me, you know, belittling me and telling me I was garbage, or having a drill sergeant next to me telling me I could do it, yay, c’mon you just have to put a little, you can do it! I hated it all so much and I was, I felt it was really embarrassing and I didn’t like that part of it at all, but I did pass. Interviewer: But you didn’t have a lot of people who just decided it wasn’t for them and went away or anything like that? I don’t remember that at all, no. Interviewer: Alright. So, what did they have you do while you’re still hanging around Fort Jackson? I think it was like sweeping floors and it was not terrible, it was better than having something to do all the time—oh, I do remember the first time we had a meal in the chow hall, that was kind of a funny story. So we’re all waiting in line and I remember the girl behind me, we aren’t supposed to talk, but she started asking me questions and she said “Where are you from?” and I said, “Well, from the Detroit area.” and this drill sergeant heard and—big black guy—comes running up “So you’re from Detroit? You’re from Detroit?” and I just thought mmmm, “No, Drill Sergeant, I’m not from Detroit.” He goes “Then where are you from?” and I was like, “...Troy.” and he was like “God damn it, you’re not from Detroit!” and starts screaming at me and I, yeah. But you know, she was from Texas or somewhere so Detroit was the closest thing I could think of but, so that happened and I was probably in the middle of the line, or maybe a little bit more towards the front, so we got our food and we walk into like the seating area of the chow hall and there’s like a low half wall that like divides the seating area, but the seating areas like pretty much the same on both sides. And I remember the first guy out there kind of looking at one seating area, looking at the other holding his tray and was like, okay, and he went over and he sat down in this chair and started eating and like three drill sergeants run over to him like, “Are you happy? Are you comfortable? Can I get you–” like “Do you need a glass of wine?” like �Wolfe, Jill woah! Start screaming at him! And it became clear after a while that that was the drill sergeant’s seating area and we were supposed to sit on the other side, but of course they don’t tell you that, right? That’s not—because then the learning comes from from just being so horrified on what happens to somebody else, I remember that being with somebody walking on the grass, too. Somebody the first time they walked on grass, first time you forgot your hat, all that stuff, the punishment for that person was just unbelievable. So yeah, stayed there probably about… I think it was probably about a week, and it was interesting because during that week my grandfather, my maternal grandfather was a very wealthy man who owned companies in Asia, east asia, that were related to the petroleum industry and he had a surprise audit from the IRS. And so it was never clear, my mother swears that it was because my security clearance was going through that that happened, but yeah when the audit was done I got my clearance to head out to Pensacola, Florida so. (36:00) Interviewer: Okay, so that is now where you get your advanced training, or do you go with it—okay. Describe that. So it was on a small little—it feels like it was like left over from World War II—called Cory Station? And it was like a few miles from the Pensacola Naval Air Station where the Blue Angels and all sorts of stuff. And I remember, same thing, like I’d taken the flight to get to Pensacola and I got there and I didn’t—it wasn’t clear to me what I should do to get to the base when I arrived at the airport but there was a taxi driver there and he said, “Well I’ll take you.” and I said, “Okay.” And so he drove me there and he’s like “All right, well that’ll be $15.” or whatever and I’m like “I don’t have $15.” I’m like, “I think the Army will pay you!” and he was like, ugh, you know? And I could tell he tried to ask me a few questions so I think he had to eat it that night because I just didn’t have a credit card, I just, you know, I was coming from boot camp so. And, yeah, being at Cory Station I was there for about 6 months so I think I like arrived in, like August sounds about right, and it was actually super fun. We were there with Army, Airforce, Navy and Marines, so all of us were training together. Army was the only one that didn’t have to learn morse code, so the Marines, Air Force, and the Navy had all—they all knew each other because they’ve been, I think to Fort Huachuca in Arizona to learn morse code but for whatever reason the Army didn’t have to do that. And we lived in this sort of quad, so like the Army was over here, and the Navy was over here, and the Marines were here and we had a smoke shack over here and then a central courtyard (Wolfe is making a visual map with her hands, starting on her left and moving to the right.) And every once and awhile you would hear some commotion outside and it was the Marines, their NCOs tossing the barracks, coming in and just tearing everything out and I just remember thinking like, “Man, I am so glad I’m not a Marine.” It was… they had it really tough. The Air Force were in, like, nicer barracks somewhere else of course which was also weird but whatever. (38:00) Interviewer: Well, that’s Air Force. Yeah, like we were on the same base from what I remember, but…yeah and all the rest of us were together and, you know we had, we went to school on shift training, so depending on your seniority there you started off on third shift and so you went to school in the middle of the night �Wolfe, Jill and we had what’s called a SCIF: Secret Compartmented Information Facility, so we had to have badges and all sorts of security issues to get into that. And Pensacola is just it’s a beautiful little coastal city, blue collar, and so we’d go to class during the day and some of us ended up having cars which was awesome. The longer you’d been there, we were there for 6 months, and so we’d go to the beach during the day, made some really good friends there. I was in a room with three other girls who I am—two of them I’m still friends with today, I wish I was still friends with the other one because she was probably we were the closest of the four of us, but. I mean you said to not say something, anything that Uncle Sam wouldn’t want to find out but I think this is no problem at all, one of my roommates was sleeping with the drill sergeant. And worked out pretty well for me, so I remember she also had a boyfriend back home and he would call in the middle of the night and want to know where she was, I was like she’s not here, I don’t know. And so yeah, we didn’t, you know, after awhile we kind of stopped showing up to formation and again I was always really struggling with my runs, so that was okay with me, but somewhere in the middle of that Hurricane Opal hit Pensacola and so that was really kind of a fun experience, I’ll say that too. So they moved us all out of the barracks and moved us into the SCIF which were these quonset huts basically, they were much more fortified, I think they were actually, now that I think about it, old World War II airplane hangars that had been reinforced. And so they put all the girls on one floor in one hanger and all the guys in the other and they gave us these box lunches of bologna sandwiches and hard boiled eggs. So, it was… after about 24 hours of that it was pretty gross but I do remember standing at the door, they would occasionally let us go poke our heads out and see what was going on and see the hurricane blowing out. So then I passed and I remember being told that we might have to go help clean up the area, but we never ended up having to do it and… yeah. So. (41:22) Interviewer: So, to the extent that you can, describe the training that you got while you were there. Well it was… it was basically codebreaking, so looking at facts, teleprinter, I was terrible at it, it was not—you know I’m a writer, I’m a creative person, and so looking at you know, we had to do it all by hand. First learning how to, like, find patterns and numbers and date, it was really hard and… I have most of it just blocked out, off, I mean I passed clearly I did well enough to pass but then we got to the end of the course, 6 months of this, and they told us well you’re gonna get to your first duty station and they’re gonna have computers that run all this. You know, you’re never gonna use this again, so. Interviewer: Okay. Yeah, and I had come to find out that I was one of the last, so my MOS was 98 Kilo, Non-morse communications specialist, I was one of the last 98 Kilos there were because we didn’t really need code breakers for, this is what I assume, fax or teleprinter after awhile. So yeah, and again I don’t remember a ton from the school; I do remember being in formation one time, and I don’t know what had happened but—oh! The Navy is really hard with their rank, right? It’s hard to tell who’s an officer and who’s a chief and whose enlisted and somebody saluted somebody they shouldn’t have and so we got in trouble for that. And I remember my fellow platoon mates �Wolfe, Jill saying to me, like, “Hinton, why did you even join the Army?” like “You’re so quiet, you never say anything, you’re like a mouse.” And it was funny cause I had never thought of myself like that before, as quiet, but it was probably true like I just kept my head down and trying to figure out who I needed to be in order to not get in trouble or get yelled at, so… So yeah, and I had orders to go to Fort Georgia, I knew pretty much three quarters of the way through that I was gonna go to Fort Georgia—no, Fort… Interviewer: Was it a fort in Georgia? Yes, it was in Georgia. Interviewer: Fort Stewart? Gordon. Interviewer: Fort Gordon, okay. Fort Gordon. There’s a military intelligence unit there. Interviewer: Yup. And I had started dating this guy who was also in the Army, I don’t know if you wanna hear about that whole thing but he was a tanker and so he was gonna go to Fort Hood, and I had a cousin, like a second cousin, who was pretty high up in the Army and was in the military intelligence and so I had been talking to my parents, I’m like I don’t… maybe my parents, my parents must have put the idea in my head, like “Let’s just ask him if you can change your orders.” “Uhm… okay.” and I remember being in class one time, in Pensacola, and somebody knocked on the door and opened it up and it was somebody in Administration or somebody, and says “You need to come with me right now.” And as we’re always like, okay, I didn’t say what it was about or anything and as we were walking he must have said something to me like “I don’t know who you talked to or what buttons you pushed but the whole unit is up and running around trying to find you a new assignment because this Colonel from another unit is asking to change your assignment.” I was like Oh… I didn’t realize that was going to happen and so I went down to the office and it was him on the phone, and I think I was sort of embarrassed and said “I don’t… whatever it’s fine.” and he’s like “Well do you want to go to Texas?” and I’m like “I guess, yeah, that’d be nice.” and he said “Alright, well I’ll see what I can do.” and pretty quickly the orders were changed to San Antonio, so. So yeah. I went home for… after training was over, I went home for hometown recruiter, but when I got—I signed up for it, but when I got there, the recruiter was like “I don’t have any record of you signing up for this, I don’t really have anything for you to do.” and I was like. Okay. I didn’t know if I was gonna get in trouble for not doing it but I ended up having four weeks leave at that point because I think I had… maybe it was 2 weeks. Must have been 2 weeks. A week of leave from just my time in and I was stationed in San Antonio and my dad was gonna drive me down from Detroit, and it was over Christmas I remember, and my car broke down on the way there and my dad, we were in Kansas city, and �Wolfe, Jill my dad’s like “We’ll just buy this car.” and we went to this dealership and I didn’t have, you know, any money or, you know, and he co-signed for me and we got a new car, I had a new car when I arrived in San Antonio. And he must have flown back. And I feel like there was one or two people that I knew there from AIT, but didn’t know too many people. It was on Kelly Air Force Base and I found out that when you first get to a duty station you have to spend like four weeks picking up cigarette butts and washing humvees, but when I got there, there was an option to work at the gym on post and I was like, okay sure I’ll work there. But it was a night shift and the kind of bad thing about that was everyone else who was picking up cigarette butts and washing humvees got to kind of know each other and I never did, I never made any really close friends there. So I was doing that, working at the gym, and it was a small… the 748th Military Intelligence Battalion on Kelly Air Force Base, same thing you know, that purple suit, so we had Navy and Marines there as well and the place where we all worked was another SCIF that was on Medina… I don’t know what they call it. Medina Air Base? But then I know they train the military police dogs there. We would drive by and see them train. And so one day on my day off I went up to headquarters and I said, you know, in high school I was the newsletter editor—the newspaper editor, and I’ve just always been a writer, I was talking to the… I think it was Sergeant First Class I think, and you know can I write an article for the battalion newsletter? And he said “You know what? You can have the whole thing, here’s the camera, gimmie the paperwork, here. You’re off duty, you’re not gonna work at the SCIF anymore, you can be our public affairs officer.” Which is crazy, I was an E3 at the time, but he was close to retirement and hated all of it, hated everything from what I remember he was so grumpy, and I was like okay! And then I became this news reporter for the battalion and took over and redesigned the whole thing and got to interview the Commander and got to go out and take pictures and I had just a ton of freedom and it was really cool. It was awesome, actually, though I remember one time I made a typo in the Commander’s, the CO’s letter, and I had to have the righted version printed up, cut it out, and I pasted like 300 cause she didn’t want that typo on there so I was like alright. But… and I was close to my boyfriend who was in San Antonio so I would drive up to Fort Hood every weekend, it was about two and a half hours, pick him up and drive him back because I had my own room because I was on an air force base. One of the stories I often tell is that we have, you know, we’d have a battalion run once a month and I remember being out there in the dark and the whole battalion was lined up and our battalion CO was this... She was probably 5’3”, redheaded, just from Boston and I remember her being up in front of the entire unit and just saying, “Let’s show the Air Force that the Army is here to stay.” in this like thick Boston accent and we all just like, came very close to losing it, it was very funny but… had a really great Command Sergeant Major there and just. It was awesome, San Antonio’s a beautiful city, tourists, you know, hiked and went to the river walk and did all this great stuff, my boyfriend was pretty close by. Well, one morning I go out for PT and I run into one of the administrative guys that was in the unit and he said “Hey!” like, “It’s kind of awesome, got new orders that came down!” and I said, “New orders?” he’s like “Yeah!” he’s like, “You’re going to Korea.” and I was like. What? No, everything was perfect, I’d actually I think gotten engaged at that point much to my parent’s chagrin and so I went to First Sergeant and I said—cause the people had told me you can ask, for your first time, you can change—and so I went to First Sergeant and asked him like, “How do I get out of this?” and he said, “Well, �Wolfe, Jill you can either get pregnant or smoke pot.” and neither one of those were options for me, so. I went. (51:21) Interviewer: Mmhm. All right. So when do you go to Korea? I left for Korea in…I feel like it must have been April. March or April of ‘97, eloped, decided—my boyfriend at the time said, “If you go to Korea and anything happens to you, if I’m just your boyfriend they won’t let me come see you or I will have absolutely no power, we have to get married, we have to get married.” Again, not wanting to hurt anybody’s feelings, I married him. Shotgun, yeah, went down to the Justice of the Peace. Actually had had a whole wedding planned and my mother begged me not to do it so I called off the sort of wedding at home that we’d had, but then once we got back to San Antonio he convinced me to go down to the Justice of the Peace and if you’re military you can, you don’t have a waiting period, so we just did it. (Wolfe sighs heavily.) So, shipped out to Korea. Got there… I remember we stayed in this big fancy hotel in Seoul, like Seoul was just a… I’d never seen anything like it before. Enormous city. Again, got there in the middle of the night, it was a long, long flight, and them must’ve taken a bus out to Camp Humphreys and it was a helicopter base, from what I understand it was the largest helicopter base outside of the continental United States. And… same thing actually happened, I was washing humvees and picking up cigarette butts and we were, a bunch of us were in First Sergeant’s office waiting to get our next assignment, he came out and he said—he was pissed—he said, “I need some volunteers.” and I had learned very early on civilian world volunteering people are like “Wow, that’s really great, thank you for doing that!” but the military was not like that. You often got real shit jobs when you volunteered for stuff so I kind of, like everybody else, started looking the other and making myself as small as possible, but then he said “I need somebody, I need two of you to be lifeguards to go off duty and you know get disconnected, detached from our unit and be lifeguards.” and I thought… hm. That doesn’t sound too bad. So that’s what happened and went and did this kind of amazing training up in Seoul at the American school there learning not only how to be a lifeguard but how to train lifeguards. Took classes, I remember one class we were talking about open head injuries and I am not really good with blood and stuff and so I ended up passing out in that class. First and only time that ever happened but, yeah, so then was assigned to one of the three pools we had on post and got my own apartment off post which was great, unheard of for enlisted to be able to have that and I worked at the pool and I got to do all sorts of really cool stuff and it was quite awesome and one of the things that we got to do was they did pilot water emergency training so they had these big pvc cages that they built with like simulated pilot seats and they’d strap in the pilots and then put like blacked out goggles over them and push them over backwards into the water and then they had to get out of the harness and they had like a little oxygen thing. And I remember they asked us if we wanted to try it and I think they got almost to the point where I was back and it was like “Stop, stop stop it I can’t do this” so. I didn’t end up doing it. Saved a couple people who were really struggling, we had Korean augmentees to the US Army who were Korean soldiers who were stationed on post with us and they were not very good swimmers and generally speaking, so that felt good, and just had a nice sort of comradery with my fellow lifeguards who were pulled from units all over the post. (55:23) �Wolfe, Jill Interviewer: What unit were you officially serving with? Third MI Battalion. Interviewer: Okay. Bravo company. Interviewer: So your code breaking career never really went anywhere, then? How long were you in Korea? 14 months. (55:37) Interviewer: Okay. Now did you get to travel around in Korea or go anywhere else from there? I did, one of the good things about being Korea in a military intelligence unit was that many, many of my colleagues spoke the language so we got to get on in the economy way more than probably most American soldiers did, in fact we went to Seoul and we were at the Hard Rock Cafe, just a quick side story, and the waiter was just so enamored with us and offered to take us fishing and so we had a whole adventure with him where we taught him how to sing Clementine? Like, “Oh my darling, oh my darling”—he wanted to learn that so bad and we traded some, he was a terrible fisherman and we traded, we brought some mountain dews with us on the fishing trip and we ended up trading our mountain dews for fish when we were at a fishing place and… yeah, so, I, you know, most American soldiers stay within the sort of immediate, we call it the ville, it’s just bars and, you know, pawn shops, so. Interviewer: Well, how far is the base from Seoul? It was only about 40 miles from what I understand but because of the traffic it took us like an hour and a half to ride there, and so we would occasionally go there because there was more shopping and it was just like a vacation. Same thing with Osan Air Base, they had a Mexican restaurant at Osan, which was an air force base so. Yeah, and I remember when we got there they told us we would have this thing called the Korean crud because the air quality was so bad in Korea that when you would breathe it in the first month you would just spend hacking and coughing until your lungs got used to it. I don’t know if that was a real thing or not, but it seemed to happen to a lot of people, so. Interviewer: Okay, now while you were there were there any concerns about what the North Koreans were doing or anything that might come up? I don’t remember it being—I mean, so I had a top secret security clearance but I didn’t work in the SKIF. But I had to go do some training to make sure I was up on my skills or something, and I would occasionally hear some North Koreans had lobbed a artillery or something over the �Wolfe, Jill border. And I remember one time calling my mom when it had been particularly bad and saying “Don’t worry, I’m all set, I’m fine.” and she was like “What are you talking about?” and I was really surprised that this had not made the American news, that this had happened. I said, “Never mind, it’s fine.” so. I remember that you could go up to the DMZ and do a tour of it there and I had friends that did that and took a video camera with them and came back and we were watching the video together and it was very very surreal because they filmed the Korean soldiers on the other side of that room, you know, that has the line down it like this is North Korea and this is South Korea. I may have, now that I think about it, sort of. There was lots of stories about North Korean submarines and people getting kidnapped and stuff, so it was very weird and strange to be in a country that was still at war, and to hear how badly things were up in the north. We did hear that. But because I worked at the pool, and, you know later once the pools closed I did spend some time in flight operations so our unit had a, what we called a “fixed wing”, an airplane. Most of the aircraft on the base were helicopters but they had a signals collection airplane and so I worked in the battalion operations center making sure the pilots had their vests and their codes and everything they needed in order to fly, so I did that for a brief amount of time. Interviewer: All right, anything else about the Korean stint that stands out in your memory? Well my… husband, at the time, he had a two year enlistment. He was a tanker at Fort Hood, and he was supposed to come over in September and didn’t. October, November, finally he came over in December and I had my own apartment off post so this worked out pretty well. And he got there and it was terrible, we fought, he drank a ton, I worked all the time and so I said “Clearly this is a mistake, you need to go home.” and he agreed and so I sent him home and then two months later I called him and said, “Guess what? I’m pregnant.” So, yeah. It was my daughter who is now 23? We would say she was made in Korea, so, yeah. I had thought maybe I would stay in and maybe become a warrant officer, either do…become a helicopter pilot or be a linguist, learn a language. But in the end the pregnancy kind of made that impossible, so. Interviewer: Okay, alright, well this tape is about up so we are going to pause right here. Okay. (The screen briefly cuts to black as the tape is changed.) Interviewer: Okay, so at this point in your story you’ve been in Korea, you’ve been spent a lot of it working at the pool, you had your boyfriend come out, mess up the relationship, get you pregnant, go away. At that point how much time did you have left in Korea? Right, he was technically my husband. �Wolfe, Jill Interviewer: Yes, yes, he was. So, yeah. He left in January, I sent him home right after the holidays and my enlistment was up in May, so I think I had arrived in, like I said, March or April so most tours to Koreas were a 12month tour but they weren’t going to send me to another duty station for 14 months—or, for 2 extra months, so. I ended up being in Korea for 14 months but before he arrived, and remember I had said that, you know, he was supposed to come in September when his enlistment was up and September came and October and it wasn’t until…I think it was right after Thanksgiving he came. During that time, especially there at the end, sort of August, September, I was working at the pool and I had become very close with the other lifeguards in the pool who were taken from all units. But there was one in particular, he was from a transportation unit, and when I had kind of made it clear that I was married and that whatever he thought was gonna happen, like I was happy to be friends and pal around and, you know, go to the bar, but really wasn’t gonna go beyond that. And there were two of them, like the three of us were pretty close, and the one guy was fine with that, and the other guy just really kind of got in his craw about it and the most I sort of… ignored him, his comments, or rolled my eyes, or tried to find other places to be when he was there, the more aggressive he got. And the more vulgar he got. And I would come home from work into—and I’d stop by my old barracks, so I had an apartment off post but my unit, I was detached from my unit, was still there and I still knew some of the guys over there, and girls. And I’d stop by in the barracks and have a coke or you know they’d be watching TV and just be like, it’s just bad. I could just—everything out of his mouth is some sort of snide comment or judgment about my body or personality, and you know I’m in a swimsuit all day, so… and they would listen and be like, “Yeah, that sucks.” but after a while I think one of them said, “You know, Jilly, you come home every day and talk about this, you come over here, maybe you should do something about it.” and you know, like probably a lot of women at that age and at that time, I didn’t really want him to get in trouble, I just wanted him to stop. And so, finally I was convinced because he wouldn’t stop, and I was nervous even getting dressed in the locker room at the pool, and so I filed a complaint against him. And I was pulled from that pool and put on duty at another pool, so I was at the main pool, which is a bigger pool. And there was a smaller pool that was much closer to my unit, so I was put there, but at that time it was… September, October, we still had the pools open and I just never heard from it again. I don’t know what happened to him. (1:04:34) Interviewer: He did not come and harass you after that? Okay. Well that was something. Yeah, I mean like towards the very end we were at the bar and he did not have a TV, and this is again before my husband had arrived, and I had this little black and white…older kind of thing, and I thought maybe if I give him this TV to borrow he’ll lay off. And so… I, what ended up happening was I stopped by his barracks with the TV and dropped it off and he offered me a beer, so we were kind of sitting there drinking it and he started kissing me and I like, probably let it go on a little bit longer than I should have but not too long and I said, “You know what? Nope.” like “This just is not a good idea and I’m married.” and he didn’t stop, and he kept going, and finally after getting pretty violent and kicking and pushing and just doing everything I could to get away from him, like, I did and just ran out of there. And so, I guess like at that point it was like, �Wolfe, Jill okay, now he’s never gonna leave me alone. So that’s actually when I ended up sort of filing it and, you know I had gone not that long ago when I started this job working with military students here at Grand Valley, I hadn’t really—I mean I’ve always stayed connected with military nonprofits and the entrepreneurship lab and, but I hadn’t really worked very closely with veterans and honestly when I started this job it kind of brought up a lot of that kind of stuff and my students have gone through a lot of that, so I applied to… look into getting, you know, service connected because it was really hard after that, I mean like… My husband came and I got pregnant and it was just some really bad, dark years after that, and… and so more recently I looked into a plot filing a claim, and so we ordered my paperwork to see if there was any record that I had filed this complaint against him and there wasn’t, so I just decided to never pursue it anymore. I mean, it was shitty, but I have lived a pretty full and good life and I know there's a lot of women who have undergone much worse or less worse and just didn’t handle it as well, didn’t end up being able to process it and didn’t have the support from family and friends to be able to kind of process it and get past it, so. That’s kind of my story. (1:07:17) Interviewer: And at least when you did report it there was not retaliation or whatever. Never saw him again. Interviewer: And the problem basically got fixed on that level. Yes, and that’s what I had wanted. I just wanted it to stop, which is why, I mean like looking back now that could have told my younger self, like, “You make sure you get that shit documented.” but at the time, like I said, all I wanted was it to stop and that’s what happened and I spent the rest of my time in Korea—it was not great, you know, like I said I had my husband came over and we fought the whole time, and by that time almost all of my friends had since out-processed out and had gone to other duty stations and so I didn’t really know anybody and I was so ready to leave Korea when I did, so. Interviewer: Now when you leave Korea, that’s basically the end of your enlistment now? Mmhm. Interviewer: Alright, so what’s the discharge process, you know… how did that all work? Well it’s funny because I hear my students say this a lot, like I just wanted to get out. I was pregnant so I failed my last PT test and I felt like it just doesn’t even matter. But my parents were living in DC at the time and I could still get covered under military health insurance so… I flew back to Michigan to be with my husband, we spent about two weeks there and then moved to DC where I was at the military hospital there, Bethesda, for maybe a month and a half before I got health care coverage and ended up having the baby in a civilian hospital, but I don’t remember a ton about the out-processing, I just wanted out. I was done, I was sad and baby was not in my… had not been in my plans and so while I had never thought of terminating the pregnancy, I wasn’t especially excited to have to put college on hold and to also be married to �Wolfe, Jill this person who I had clearly gotten married to under the wrong conditions, so. I mean we ended up staying together for… I think a total of 12 years maybe? And so we had another baby together and those kids are wonderful and they’re amazing, we got divorced about 8 years ago after we decided we made better friends than spouses, and so we have a mostly positive relationship, but at the time getting out of the Army was just total… it was chaos. I remember being told that because of my security clearance I could get a job in DC working for the national security agency or any number of security agencies, but I had no idea how to go about that or who to talk to or where to submit my resume so I worked as a secretary. Came back—had the baby, came back and started Grand Valley when she was 3 months old, so. Interviewer: Alright. Okay, so when did you graduate from Grand Valley? I graduated in the… was it the Fall? Must have been the Fall of 2001. Interviewer: Okay. Right after September 11th. (1:10:40) Interviewer: Alright. And then what kind of career did you go into? Well like I said I’d always been a writer, so when I came back to Grand Valley I told the story of the videos on the 50 for 50. I had Grace, my daughter, and I already had credits here so I came down and signed up for classes, or I applied and got in and then had to sign up for classes, but I didn’t know what I wanted to do. I had been an English major when I first started cause I love writing but it turns out when English you have to read a whole lot and I just want to read the books that I want to read, I want to read literature so… I thought Health Communications and, but I had to go see my advisor, and so I remember pulling her up the stairs in Lake Superior Hall in this huge stoller and just thinking, “What am I doing here?” like “This is nuts, I can go get a job, this is not for me, none of these students look like me.” and I got to my advisor’s office, you know, had just been given a piece of paper “Here’s your advisor” and he wasn’t there. And so I think I was crying and the woman across the hall, the faculty member, her name was Betty Pritchard, came out to see what was wrong. Lavished praise and adoration all over my child which never hurts, “Beautiful baby, oh my God, come on in.” and she was an advertising NPR professor? And she’s like, “Well if you’re a writer, PR might be for you.” and I was like, okay. And turns out it was a great career for me and I did great at school and I got an internship at a PR agency and the internship turned into a job offer, and it was the same job offer that my fellow interns got who were 4 or 5 years younger than me? And I was like, “I have military experience, I’ve been a Public Affairs Officer.” and they begrudgingly gave me like another thousand dollars a year, but… Like, military service, like when I was at Grand Valley I thought I was the only Veteran here. There was nothing for veterans, so. But it was weird being in class, I remember the first class was an art history class, I sat at the very front of the classroom, got there 10 minutes early, nobody’s there. Once the class starts everybody’s—people were talking behind me and I’m like… “You’re gonna get kicked out of this!” like what’s your—I am here to learn! You don’t know what I’ve been through to be here so just shut up everybody! And so I �Wolfe, Jill was married and I had a kid and that helped me not feel quite so isolated but it was, ugh, being the military was weird and people didn’t know how to take it and especially being female, I think back then it was just not as normal, so. So yeah. Interviewer: Alright. So, you basically go into kind of a PR career, was that? Yeah. So they hired me at the PR agency, from there I got a job offer to go work in corporate PR at a automotive manufacturer which mostly turned into internal communications, so writing the employee newsletter and stuff and, yeah worked in several different corporate PR departments before deciding to—through a business plan competition that was just for female military veterans, which was awesome, I thought my chances are great at winning this, and I did. So I got some money and started my own business. First it was a organization—it was a company called Outdoor Book Club where I would take women hiking and backpacking and we’d talk about a book, and then that turned into a team building company and then when the pandemic hit, of course team building was no longer something companies wanted to pay for and, but this position at Grand Valley as the Military and Veterans Resource Manager came up and I had been volunteering—well I guess they pay me a little bit of money to facilitate the Michigan Veterans Entrepreneur Lab, and I was a business owner and I was a veteran, and so I did that. And so when this position opened up I had already had experience at Grand Valley, by that time I had gotten divorced and remarried to a faculty member here, my kids were going here and so having the opportunity to come and work with military veterans here at Grand Valley seemed weird but also totally obvious and like there’s no other way it could have been. And it’s been—I’ve been here… a year and a half probably and it’s been the best 18 months of my career, I love working with veterans, I love their stories. A lot of them have heard the stories that I’ve told on this tape, it’s been incredible. (1:15:41) Interviewer: What kinds of things do you actually do in this job? I—basically anything veterans need in order to be successful at school, I’m here to help. So a lot of professionals that have my job at other schools do work with the VA to certify GI Bill benefits; I don’t have to do that, which is great, it’s one of the awesome things about Grand Valley. We have a whole team in the registrar’s office that does nothing but certify GI Bill benefits. So my job is basically to connect them: one of my favorite things to do is connect them with internships and employers that are looking for really, really good people that have incredible experiences, so I just last night connect an Army veteran who's graduating with like a 3.98 in his history education and he’s teaching in a long-term sub and he loves it and I said, “Well is there a district that you want to work in?” He’s like, “Well I really like to work in this one district.” and I’m like “Great! I know a history teacher in this district. You guys should have coffee.” and so doing that kind of stuff is kind of my favorite, but I also plan events, pizza parties, working on an initiative right now to get more veterans into leadership. So senior leadership, executive positions, how do we give them the civilian skills, how do we translate their military experiences into civilian advantages for companies and nonprofits, so. If, you know, we have some active duty reservists, if they’re getting deployed I make sure that their professors know what their options are as far as taking classes. I did get a call from a student the other night, �Wolfe, Jill night before last, “I’m failing all of my classes, here we are in December, can I drop them?” Well, let's sit down and talk about what your options are. So I also work with the military spouses and dependents, so if they’re needing scholarships or, you know, whatever it is that I can point them to, I’m basically like a triage for helping them get their problems solved. Interviewer: Alright. Well we’re certainly glad to have you here, we now have a pretty substantial Student Veteran Cohort. Some of them wind up making it in the mainstream warfare class, and some of them usually survive. (Wolfe laughs.) Interviewer: But, yeah, I’d suffice to close here by thanking you for taking the time to share the story today. It was my pleasure. (1:18:15) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WolfeJ2386V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wolfe, Jill H. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-12 Title A name given to the resource Wolfe, Jill (Interview transcript and video), 2021 Description An account of the resource Jill Wolfe was born in December 1975 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma to a mother who worked as an art therapist and a father who worked negotiating contracts. She moved to St. Louis, Missouri when she was 3, and moved again to Troy when she was 15 where she stayed until she graduated high school in 1994. Wolfe applied to and was accepted by both Michigan State University and Grand Valley State University. Several weeks before she was meant to leave for Grand Valley, her mother said she should join the Army instead, but she refused. Her father was in ROTC during Vietnam and his older brother was a career officer for 25 years, but Wolfe does not consider herself to come from a military family. After a lackluster semester of college, Wolfe came into contact with a recruiter following an argument with her parents about them wanting her to get a job to pay for her tuition, or else they would not send her back for a second semester. She originally was uninterested in the pitch but said she “...didn’t want to disappoint anyone” and left to think about it further, settling that service was a potential solution to her monetary issues. Her ASVAB score qualified her for several high-clearance positions of which she selected Non-morse Communications Specialist which would take 3 years. Wolfe was shipped out in 1995 to a holding unit in Fort Jackson, South Carolina before later being transported to boot camp in the same state, she recalls boot camp as being the most physically exhausted she has ever been “aside from giving birth” and Wolfe waited several weeks before being sent to San Antonio, Texas due to clearance issues. She was later sent to Camp Humphreys near Seoul, South Korea with the 3rd MI Battalion Bravo Company for 14 months on orders in 1997. In Korea, Wolfe volunteered as a lifeguard at a nearby pool and remembers being able to own an apartment off post and enjoying the thriving city life. 3 months before the end of her term in Korea, Wolfe found out she was pregnant and was forced to discharge and return home. Wolfe returned to Grand Valley and graduated in 2001, going on to work in PR and eventually become the Military and Veterans Resource Manager at Grand Valley where she continues to work today, assisting veterans in their schooling. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0fe8efc13c467a353b06b058de78bba9.jpg 23751783b9685854456ed5080d86a546 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WolfeLaverne Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Wolfe, Laverne Description An account of the resource Laverne Wolfe, Student Activities Coordinator Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/161177af7dddf94b514fa877eca5136d.jpg 8d341f397bc13b6c2f5840bc01f4e9b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS3523.E 8468 W64 1902 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0464 Title A name given to the resource Wolfville Days Description An account of the resource Binding of Wolfville Days, by Alfred Henry Lewis, published by Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1902. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5ba3267681e808ebf42868d6468fb6c5.jpg fe33229278f536d40fd2bf83e5645398 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS3523.E8468 W642 1902 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0465 Title A name given to the resource Wolfville Nights Description An account of the resource Binding of Wolfville Nights, by Alfred Henry Lewis, published by Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1902. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3deeb207e73c70038fef3d491d4a8dba.jpg e643550b13eab2e13a0ae2475e672a78 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WolterJames_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Wolter, James Description An account of the resource James Wolter, Marketing Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d8b56bb1b6d7b6687f220a9ba96bf0a5.jpg dc551f196ba513d6f91baadb7d405d11 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context WolterJames_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Title A name given to the resource Wolter, James Description An account of the resource James Wolter, Marketing Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1981s