1034 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/99a62d100423260597b13e39ef024422.jpg 7bedc358a649d1b3070e3e4a07c0d89f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1187 Title A name given to the resource Viking transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Viking British transport, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d126a56dd4117c9e108629868aaaeaed.jpg 148fc115edc9eaffe2c2233b6ee75ed5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1188 Title A name given to the resource Viking transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Viking British transport, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e9852b42d3b3b71492f4c868d365ceb8.jpg 540f24c96c6aca2c4493a7f930e92e29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1189 Title A name given to the resource Viking transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Viking British transport, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d1c6bcf3cc3a3a0a6f1e387990947bd4.jpg fdec5246caef35b4bea173d71061ee16 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1190 Title A name given to the resource Viking transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Viking Britsh transport, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a0940e4950e29b515fca7331b124a73e.pdf 4e5d711c3dceb837694332b84b499dee PDF Text Text Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Uni q u e R e g i o n . U n i q u e C o m m u n i t i e s . S h a r e d V i s i o n Village of Bear Lake Master Plan J u l y 2014 . �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �village of bear lake Master Plan jULY 2014 Acknowledgements ALLIANCE FOR EaoNoMro SucoEss Village Council Glen Moore President B R CD Beckett&Raeder Carver Edwards Melanie Ware Ron Ronning Jim Mlejinek Jeff Bair Jackie Johnson Don Hyms Alice Howe Planning Commission Barb Farfsing CHARLES STEWART MOTT FOUNDATION Planning Commission Chair Lakes to Land Leadership Team Jeff Bair David Reed Wendy Austin ROTARY CHARITIES -·~ -- - -$¥) ......." o/ TRAVERSE C I TY Jackie Johnson �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �Contents Glossary vii Introduction Participating Communities I-4 Context Regional Setting C-1 Natural Assets C-11 Transportation C-27 Regional Recreation C-39 Cultural Resources C-53 Demographics C-59 Dashboards C-67 County Plans C-77 Community Engagement Outreach E-1 Visioning E-9 Bear Lake Village People and Land Expectations P-1 People and Places P-11 Infrastructure P-21 Land P-29 Action Plan P-39 Appendix A i Appendix B xv Implementation Priority Sharing M-1 Collaboration M-9 �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i i Glossary Sources APA - American Planning Association Planner’s Dictionary EPA - Environmental Protection Agency MI NREPA - Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act B&R - Beckett & Raeder, Inc. Blight Unsightly condition including the accumulation of debris, litter, rubbish, or rubble; fences characterized by holes, breaks, rot, crumbling, cracking, peeling, or rusting; landscaping that is dead, characterized by uncontrolled growth or lack of maintenance, or damaged; and any other similar conditions of disrepair and deterioration regardless of the condition of other properties in the neighborhood. (Lincoln, Nebr., APA) Buffer (also screening) A strip of land, fence, or border of trees, etc., between one use and another, which may or may not have trees and shrubs planted for screening purposes, designed to set apart one use area from another. An appropriate buffer may vary depending on uses, districts, size, etc., and shall be determined by the [appropriate local board]. (Pomfret Township, N.Y., APA) An area of land, including landscaping, berms, walls, fences, and building setbacks, that is located between land uses of different character and is intended to mitigate negative impacts of the more intense use on a residential or vacant parcel. (Dona Ana County, N.Mex., APA) A strip of land with natural or planted vegetation located between a structure and a side or rear property line intended to separate and partially obstruct the view of two adjacent land uses or properties from one another. A buffer area may include any required screening for the site. (Charlotte, N.C., APA) Open spaces, landscaped areas, fences, walls, berms, or any combination thereof used to physically and visually separate one use or property from another in order to mitigate the impacts of noise, light, or other nuisance. (Clarkdale, Ariz., APA) Man-made or natural vegetated area with plantings to protect adjacent permitted residential uses from noise, odor, dust, fumes, glare, or unsightly storage of materials in commercial or industrial districts. (Rock Hall, Md., APA) Buffer zone (also transitional zone): Districts established at or adjoining commercial-residential district boundaries to mitigate potential frictions between uses or characteristics of use. Such district regulations may provide for transitional uses, yards, heights, off-street parking, lighting, signs, buffering, or screening. (Miami, Fla, APA.) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i i i Cottage Industry (also home-based business; home occupation) A small, individual-owned business or concern that functions without altering the residential character of the neighborhood, and which does not create any negative impacts on the public health, safety, and general welfare of the adjacent property owners. (Dona Ana County, N.Mex, APA.) A business in a residential area conducted primarily by the residents of the property manufacturing artistic, handicraft, and other craft items. (Monterey County, Calif., APA) A processing, assembling, packaging, or storage industry, generally employing fewer than 20 persons, conducted wholly within an enclosed building located on a site isolated from other such uses, generating low traffic volumes and with little or no noise, smoke, odor, dust, glare, or vibration detectable at any property line. (Multnomah County, Ore., APA) A use conducted for the generation of revenue entirely within a dwelling, or in an accessory structure located on the same lot or tract as a dwelling, which complies with the requirements of [local code]. The use must: be clearly incidental and secondary to the use of the property for residential purposes; not change the character of the structure or area; or have any exterior evidence of the workshop. Home workshops are intended to be limited to low intensity uses that produce or repair a product, but can be operated in such a way that they do not adversely affect adjacent properties. (Fort Wayne, Ind., APA) Conservation Easements A nonpossessory interest in real property imposing limitations or affirmative obligations, the purposes of which include retaining or protecting natural, scenic, or open space values of real property; assuring its availability for agricultural, forest, recreational, or open space use; protecting natural resources; or maintaining air or water quality. (Muskegon, Mich., APA) A nonpossessory interest in land that restricts the manner in which the land may be developed in an effort to conserve natural resources for future use. (Rock Hall, Md., APA) Anonpossessory interest of a holder in real property imposing limitations or affirmative obligations for conservation purposes or to preserve the historical, architectural, archaeological, or cultural aspects of real property. (Concord, N.C., APA) An easement intended to protect, preserve, and conserve a natural feature, which shall prohibit the construction of any buildings or structures within the easement and shall prohibit the removal of all vegetation, except that which is necessary for protecting the public health and safety and/or according to an approved forest management plan, where required. (Wayne County, Ohio, APA) Dark Sky Provisions An ordinance or portion thereof designed to protect and promote the public health, safety and welfare, the quality of life, and the ability to view the night sky, by establishing regulations and a process of review for exterior lighting. (Ketchum, Idaho, B&R) Existing Land Use Map A map depicting the use of each parcel at the time of the writing of a master plan. (B&R) Future Land Use Map A map depicting the intended land use in each area of a jurisdiction. (B&R) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i x Impervious Surface Any hard-surfaced, man-made area that does not readily absorb or retain water, including but not limited to building roofs, parking and driveway areas, graveled areas, sidewalks, and paved recreation areas. (Lake County, Ill., APA) Any nonvertical surface artificially covered or hardened so as to prevent or impede the percolation of water into the soil mantle, including but not limited to roof tops excepting eaves, swimming pools, paved or graveled roads, and walkways or parking areas and excluding landscaping, surface water retention/detention facilities, access easements serving neighboring property, and driveways to the extent that they extend beyond the street setback due to location within an access panhandle or due to the application of [county] requirements to site features over which the applicant has no control. (King County, Wash., APA) Any material that substantially reduces or prevents the infiltration of stormwater into previously undeveloped land. “Impervious area” shall include graveled driveways and parking areas. (Sandy, Ore., APA) A surface consisting of asphalt, concrete, roofing material, brick, paving block, plastic, or other similar material which does not readily absorb water. (Bayfield County, Wisc., APA) Any material which prevents, impedes, or slows infiltration or absorption of storm water directly into the ground at the rate of absorption of vegetation-bearing soils, including building, asphalt, concrete, gravel, and other surfaces. (Traverse City, Mich., APA) Low Impact Development An approach to land development (or re-development) that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible. (EPA) Open Space land free of human structures, including non-permeable surface coverings to be used for parking. Open space may be privately owned and used for agriculture, forestry, or other commercial, recreational or aesthetic purposes. Open space may also be publicly owned land for parks or resource preservation. (EPA) Overlay zoning district An area where certain additional requirements are superimposed upon a base zoning district or underlying district and where the requirements of the base or underlying district may or may not be altered. (Milwaukee, Wisc., APA) A special district or zone which addresses special land use circumstances or environmental safeguards and is superimposed over the underlying existing zoning districts. Permitted uses in the underlying zoning district shall continue subject to compliance with the regulations of the overlay zone or district. (Merrimack, N.H., APA) A zoning district to be mapped as an overlay to a use district and which modifies or supplements the regulations of the general district in recognition of distinguishing circumstances such as historic preservation, wellhead protection, floodplain or unit development while maintaining the character and purposes of the general use district area over which it is superimposed. (Lancaster, Ohio, APA) Provides for the possibility of superimposing certain additional requirements upon a basic use zoning district without disturbing the requirements of the basic use district. In the instance of conflicting requirements, the stricter of the conflicting requirement shall apply. (Racine County, Wisc., APA) A district established by ordinance to prescribe special regulations to be applied to a site in combination with the underlying or base district. (Blacksburg, Va., APA) Zoning districts that extend on top of more than one base zoning district and are intended to protect certain critical �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | � features and resources. Where the standards of the overlay and base zoning district are different, the more restrictive standards shall apply. (Hilton Head, S.C., APA) Screening (also berm; buffer; fence; visual obstruction) (1) A method of visually shielding or obscuring one abutting or nearby structure or use from another by fencing, walls, berms, or densely planted vegetation; and (2) the removal of relatively coarse floating or suspended solids by straining through racks or screens. (Siskiyou County, Calif., APA) A method of visually shielding or obscuring an abutting or nearby use or structure from another by fencing, walls, berms, or densely planted vegetation. (Clarkdale, Ariz., APA) The treatment created with landscaping or a decorative two-dimensional structure to visually conceal an area or on-site utilitarian use that is considered unattractive. (Burien, Wash., APA) Sedimentation Control Ordinance An ordinance or portion thereof designed to manage the effects solid particulate matter, including both mineral and organic matter, that is in suspension in water, is being transported, or has been removed from its site of origin by the actions of wind, water, or gravity and has been deposited elsewhere. (MI NREPA part 91) Sense of Place (also community character; community of place) The constructed and natural landmarks and social and economic surroundings that cause someone to identify with a particular place or community. (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, APA) The characteristics of a location that make it readily recognizable as being unique and different from its surroundings and that provides a feeling of belonging to or being identified with that particular place. (Scottsdale, Ariz., APA) Environmentally Sensitive Areas Environmentally sensitive areas include important natural resources such as sensitive topographic features (i.e. steep slopes (>15%)), geologic/geomorphic formations, sinkholes and karst terrain; scenic vistas/overlooks/lookouts; and public and private forest and woodlands. These areas also include wildlife management areas/natural areas designated for the protection of wild animals, within which hunting and fishing are either prohibited or strictly controlled. Identification of environmentally sensitive areas in your community can assist the community protect these important resources. (EPA) Setback (also lot definitions) The minimum distance by which any building or structure must be separated from a street right-of-way or lot line. (Blacksburg, Va., APA) The required distance between every structure and the lot lines of the lot on which it is located. (Doylestown, Ohio, APA) The distance between a street line and the front building line of a principal building or structure, projected to the side lines of the lot and including driveways and parking areas, except where otherwise restricted by this ordinance. (Duluth, Ga., APA) Erosion The removal of soil through the actions of water or wind. (APA) The detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments, or the wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, and gravity. (Champaign, Ill., APA) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i The general process by which soils are removed by flowing surface or subsurface water or by wind. (St. Paul, Minn., APA) The process by which soil particles are mobilized and transported by natural agents such as wind, rainsplash, frost action, or surface water flow. (Burien, Wash., APA) Detachment and movement of soil, rock fragments, refuse, or any other material, organic or inorganic. (Sandy, Ore., APA) The detachment and movement of soil, sediment, or rock fragments by water, wind, ice, or gravity. (Cudahy, Wisc., APA) The wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind, water, ice, and/or land disturbance activities. (Minneapolis, Minn., APA) The wearing away of land by the action of wind, water, gravity or a combination thereof. (Grand Traverse County, Mich., APA) Stormwater Management (also drainage) Any stormwater management technique, apparatus, or facility that controls or manages the path, storage, or rate of release of stormwater runoff. Such facilities may include storm sewers, retention or detention basins, drainage channels, drainage swales, inlet or outlet structures, or other similar facilities. (Champaign, Ill., APA) The collecting, conveyance, channeling, holding, retaining, detaining, infiltrating, diverting, treating, or filtering of surface water, ground water, and/or runoff, together with applicable managerial (nonstructural) measures. (Redmond, Wash., APA) The system, or combination of systems, designed to treat stormwater, or collect, convey, channel, hold, inhibit, or divert the movement of stormwater on, through, and from a site. (Temple Terrace, Fla., APA) Vegetative Buffer (also riparian) An area extending landward from the ordinary high-water mark of a lake or stream and/or from the edge of wetland that provides adequate soil conditions and native vegetation for the performance of the basic functional properties of a stream corridor and other hydrologically related critical areas. . . .(Yakima County, Wash., APA) Viewshed The area within view from a defined observation point. (California Planning Roundtable, APA) A visually sensitive area that is visible from a defined observation point. (Loveland, Colo., APA) Zoning District (also base zoning district; land-use classification) A section of the city in which zoning regulations and standards are uniform. (Wood River, Ill., APA) Any district delineated on the official zoning district map under the terms and provisions of this code or which may hereinafter be created subsequent to the enactment of this code for which regulations governing the area, height, use of buildings, or use of land, and other regulations relating to development or maintenance of existing uses or structures, are uniform. (Hedwig Village, Tex., APA) An area or areas within the limits of the city for which the regulations and requirements governing use, lot, and size of building and premises are uniform. (Hopkins, Minn., APA) Any section, sections, or divisions of the city of which the regulations governing the use of land, density, bulk, height, �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i i and coverage of buildings and other structures are uniform. (Cabot, Ark., APA) A land use area or zone established by this title for the designated intent. (Sandy, Ore., APA) A designated area of the territory of the city within which certain uniform zoning regulations and requirements, or various combinations thereof, apply as set forth in this title. (Santa Rosa, Calif., APA) A part, zone, or geographic area within the city or under its extraterritorial jurisdiction within which certain zoning or development regulations apply. (North Liberty, Iowa, APA) A portion of the city within which certain uses of land and buildings are permitted, and certain other uses of land and buildings are prohibited, or within which certain yards and other open spaces are required, or within which certain lot areas are established, or within which certain height limits are required for buildings, or within which a combination of such aforesaid regulations are applied, all as set forth and specified in this title, or any of the districts with which any combining regulations are combined. (Richland, Wash., APA) Zoning Map (also official map) A map that graphically shows all zoning district boundaries and classifications within the city, as contained within the zoning code, which is signed by the community development director and on file in the planning department. (Escondido, Calif., APA) The map adopted as an ordinance by the municipality that delineates the extent of each district or zone established in the zoning ordinance. (Grand Forks, N.Dak., APA) The map or maps that are a part of this zoning code and that delineate the boundaries of all mapped zoning districts within the physical boundary of the city. (Newport, R.I., APA) The map and any amendments thereto designating the zoning districts, incorporated into this ordinance by reference. (Wood River, Ill., APA) The map delineating the boundaries of zones which, along with the zoning text, comprises the zoning ordinance. (North Liberty, Iowa, APA ) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i i i [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i v [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Introduction �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 1.1 The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Leadership Team 1.2 Arcadia Furniture Factory 1.3 Bear Lake School 1.4 Frankfort harbor entrance 1.5 Downtown Frankfort, 1940 1.6 Platte River Trout Pond rearing grounds before the state hatchery 1.7 A car ferry returns to Elberta, 1930s 1.8 Manistee Historic Salt and Logging Operations 1.9 Lake view from the top of Prospect Ave., Onekama I-2 I-5 I-6 I-7 I-7 I-7 I-8 I-8 I-9 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 1 Why a collaborative master plan? Residents of 16 communities along the State of Michigan’s northwestern coast have decided to join forces in order to commandeer their future and set a course to navigate their growth and development together. The purpose Michigan has never seen collaboration like this before. A project that began as five townships striving for better coordination has expanded into the largest planning effort of its kind in the state. Ten townships, four villages, and two cities have come together to define themselves as belonging to one cohesive region with the potential to become more than the sum of its parts. The unique formation represented in this report is designed to plan for the region while maintaining communities’ individual identities. By undertaking the collaborative master planning process, residents have discovered ways to work together as a united front, sharing assets and collaborating on ideas to achieve economic well-being and excellent quality of life. We can identify the role that our communities’ unique assets play within both the region and the state, then use that understanding to shape the future we will all share. The strategies • • • • • Develop individual master plans for each community that doesn’t have one; Identify regional collaborative opportunities; Identify cross-community collaborative opportunities; Develop community-specific and regional implementation strategies; Develop the organizational capacity necessary to implement the plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 2 What is a master plan? What is a collaborative master plan? “Master plan” is a serious-sounding name, and indeed it’s a serious document. Intended to provide a clearly articulated vision of the community 15 to 20 years into the future, it either succinctly describes persistent concerns or defines the development of the “ideal” community. It also contains a guide to achieve that development based on careful study of many factors, and it can be legally referenced in land use decisions. For the purposes of this planning process, a collaborative master plan is a document that contains an articulated vision, with defined goals and strategies, for the future development of a geographic area based upon input from members of more than one community. Basically, it’s the same plan we just talked about—now with all our neighbors on board. But before it’s all those things, a master plan is a dream. The process of master planning begins with dreaming about how a community could be a better place to live. Citizens gather and share perspectives on their community’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. We talk about what the physical spaces in a community mean to us, how we would like to use them, and what we could do to make them better. We consider the challenges facing us and the organizations we could enlist to help overcome those challenges. These are issues which must be considered for the success of any community, and the residents of the communities participating in this collaboration have decided to take it into our own hands. We know that unless we take control of our destiny, individually and as a region, our dreams may be left to debate. Planning at the local level is usually by definition limited to one community, but collaborative master plans have the luxury of erasing municipal boundaries to view the region as a whole. They are also synonymous with increasingly syllabic names like “regional strategic growth planning” or “regional asset-based land use development planning.” This collaborative master plan contains a “statutorily compliant” (see next page for legalese) master plan for our unique community, along with a regional component that seeks to understand collaborative opportunities, goals, and strategies. 1.1 The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Leadership Team But...why? The benefits of having an updated master plan are that it will: • • • • • provide a point of reference for all land use decisions. prevent arbitrary or capricious decision-making. ensure wise use of resources. assist in preserving community assets. provide a sound basis for funding opportunities. The benefits of collaborative master planning include: • • • • • • • • facilitating partnership within a geographical region. providing consistency between communities. helping communities identify and shares resources. protecting land use types and natural resource assets that cross municipal boundaries. providing a well-documented and justified basis for funding requests. understanding possible opportunities to achieve economies of scale. capitalizing on existing assets. understanding how sustainability plays a role in maintaining a high quality of life for current and future generations. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 3 History of the regional initiative: What came before... In the beginning, there were five. As 2011 drew to a close, informal discussions among leaders in several communities had coalesced into a decision to forge ahead with a bold new idea: five neighboring townships would join forces to produce a cohesive set of master plans and implementation strategies. Initial assistance came from The Alliance for Economic Success (AES), an economic development organization serving Manistee County and the surrounding area that provides neutral third-party convener and facilitation services to develop organizational capacities and relationships. AES secured funding from the Michigan Department of Treasury State Economic Incentive Program, revised in 2011 to place heavy emphasis on coordination among communities, and the C.S. Mott Foundation. The beginnings of the Leadership Team were formed next and charged with the competitive bidding, interviewing, and selection of a professional planning consultant to guide and facilitate the process. The five original communities quickly found company. Neighboring townships which did not have master plans seized the opportunity to create one, and communities which did have master plans asked to participate in the implementation phase. Within eight months, the collaboration had tripled in size to encompass 16 communities, signaling a hunger for cooperation. The end result is a defined region with potential collaborative partners and the possibility for greater success. ...and what we did next The process of developing the collaborative and individual master plans began with the formal development of a Leadership Team. Consisting of representatives from each participating community, this team constituted the linchpin of the Initiative: members provided guidance to the consultants, acted as liaisons with their respective communities, and worked with their elected officials. Their first two action items were the selection of a name for the project and the decision to reach out and invite neighboring communities to join. Next, the new Lakes to Land Initiative, or L2L as it is affectionately called, launched a media campaign. The lakestoland.org website was developed, Facebook and Twitter accounts were set up, a centralized phone number was dedicated, and email addresses of interested citizens were collected to begin a distribution list. Press releases kept local news outlets updated, and postcards were sent to every taxpayer within the participating communities inviting them to the visioning sessions. Leadership Team members hung posters advertising the visioning sessions and met with citizens face to face—often the most effective communication method available. The visioning sessions, described in detail in Tab 3, were held throughout the summer in an effort to attract as many seasonal and non-seasonal residents as possible. Each participating community held a session, and two “make-up” visioning sessions were held for members of all communities who were not able to Making it legal According the Michigan Planning Enabling Act of 2008, the general purpose of a master plan is to guide and accomplish, in the planning jurisdiction and its environs, development that satisfies all of the following criteria: • • • is coordinated, adjusted, harmonious, efficient, and economical. considers the character of the planning jurisdiction and its suitability for particular uses, judged in terms of such factors as trends in land and population development. will, in accordance with present and future needs, best promote public health, safety, morals, order, convenience, prosperity and general welfare. It also has to talk about at least one of the following things: • • • • • • • • a system of transportation to lessen congestion on streets; safety from fire and other dangers; light and air; healthful and convenient distribution of population; good civic design and arrangement and wise and efficient expenditure of public funds; public utilities such as sewage disposal and water supply and other public improvements; recreation; the use of resources in accordance with their character and adaptability. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 4 Participating attend their own sessions. Visioning sessions were well attended, with some communities achieving over 100 individuals. At the same time, presentations were given to individual planning commissions and regional conferences such as the Benzie County Water Festival, and Leadership Team members actively worked at inviting their neighboring communities to join the Initiative. As the Initiative grew, it caught the attention of Michigan Governor Rick Snyder. Having recently begun a Placemaking Initiative connecting community development with economic development, Governor Snyder asked to audit the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative in hopes of developing strategies that could be replicated elsewhere in the State. Shortly thereafter, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources selected Lakes to Land Regional Initiative as a pilot project to assist with its own internal efforts in placemaking throughout the State. Meetings were held with representatives from Michigan State Housing Development Authority, Michigan Economic Development Corporation, and Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, all charged with helping Governor Snyder further the State’s Placemaking Initiative. Other pertinent organizations which attended the Leadership Team meetings included the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, Benzie and Manistee County planning services, Michigan State University Extension Services, Hart Leadership Development, and the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments. Once all of the communities had master plan drafts, about 60 leadership team members, trustees, planning commissioners, and interested citizens attended a “Priority Sharing” meeting to discuss their communities’ pertinent issues. The 69 submitted priorities were arranged into ten themes which could then serve as a basis for the formation of work committees. This process illustrated clearly the potential benefits of collaboration. A series of sessions was conducted during the master plans’ public period that focused on capacity building and learning how to work with funders to maximize opportunities for implementation. Communities which are developing a master plan as part of the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative: Arcadia Township Bear Lake Township Village of Bear Lake Crystal Lake Township Gilmore Township Village of Honor Joyfield Township Manistee Township Pleasanton Township Communities which have recently developed a master plan and wish to collaborate with regional neighbors on implementation: Village of Elberta City of Frankfort Lake Township City of Manistee Onekama Community and Township) Our 2011(Village performance was significantly better than industry averages in most categories �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 5 communities The Lakes to Land communities are situated along the M-22 and US-31 corridors in Northwestern Michigan, stretching from the northern tip of Lake Township in Benzie County to the southern boundary of Manistee Township in Manistee County. It encompasses communities east of US-31 but adjacent to the highway, then continues west to the Lake Michigan shore. In it are villages, cities, and townships displaying a range of character from rural agriculture to urbanized centers. Communities are adjacent to each other, have similar socioeconomic statuses, and share geographic attributes such as natural resources. All communities in the geographic area were informed of the Initiative and invited to join. Haven’t I seen you before? Some of the communities have previously collaborated together. Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama recently developed a joint master plan to facilitate the creation of one greater Onekama municipality. Pleasanton Township, Bear Lake Township, and the Village of Bear Lake attempted to create a joint planning commission and master plan in 2007. The communities in the northern section of the region have had an opportunity to collaborate by developing a regional trail system that spans a number of municipalities. Historical settlements Lumber and railroads were defining influences on the communities in the Lakes to Land region—many towns grew up around sawmills or train stops, nourished by the economic lifeblood such enterprises provided. As the fortunes of those industries went, so too did the fate of a few of the settlements. basswood, hemlock, and beech trees in the township, and the towns were gone by 1910. In Manistee County, the town of Pleasanton, also called Saile Station, had 350 people in 1870. Eight miles east of Pierport and 25 miles north of Manistee, it was home to bucket manufacturers D. and R. Lumley along with a furniture maker, a basket manufacturer, and a blacksmith. Timber, potatoes, butter, and sugar were shipped out. The little hamlet was complete with two churches, a general store, and a school superintendent. Stage travel went to Manistee, Benzonia, and Traverse City, and in 1917 modernity arrived: it had telephone service and was listed as a stop on the Arcadia & Betsie River Railway. Further up on the A&BRR was a little town called Butwell, at the corner of Butwell and Taylor Roads, and all we know about a settlement named Burnham is that it was just due north of Arcadia on the county line. Arcadia Township The Arcadia & Betsie River Railroad, terminating in Arcadia, had extended over 17 miles to connect with the Chicago and West Michigan Railway by 1895. The line maintained an influx of goods to the area and allowed crop transportation from the fertile fields of the township to the markets of Chicago. There was also a good market for ice, which was cut from Bear Lake and hauled by wagon to A&BRR’s Sorenson Station just east of Pleasanton Township from about 1890 until 1937. The Arcadia Furniture Factory on the north end of Bar Lake manufactured both furniture and fine veneers to be sold in Macy’s in New York City. The Village of Arcadia, originally named Starkeville after lumberman Henry Descriptions of two such “ghost towns” in Benzie County date from the year 1877. Gilmore was “located in Blaine Township on the shore of Lake Michigan, 12 miles south of Benzonia. Settled in 1850. Wood and logs shipped. Triweekly stage to Frankfort and Pier Point. George B. Farley, Postmaster and general store.” A post office in Joyfield Township, 10 miles south of Benzonia, was described as “located on a fruit belt, mail by stage 4 times weekly. Amazia Joy, Postmaster and Pastor of the Baptist Church.” In 1883 Lake Township, the town of Edgewater was established on the northwest shore of Platte Lake and Aral settled in near Otter Creek. A narrow gauge railroad was built to carry lumber from the Platte Lumber Company to Lake Michigan, with docks at the shore. The Otter Creek Lumber Company, founded in 1891, reportedly shipped extensive material for the rebuilding of Chicago after the great fire of 1871. Lumbering took most of the maple, ash, oak, elm, 1.2 Arcadia Furniture Factory Constructed in 1906 after the Starke Sawmill burned down. Photo: Arcadia Historical Museum. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 6 Starke, changed its moniker to match the township in 1870. Anne M. Dempster opened the post office in 1870. Just north of town was a notable “fancy house,” which soared in popularity when proprietors struck upon the novel idea of sending a wagon to Arcadia’s pier to greet incoming sailors. Bear Lake Township and the Village of Bear Lake The earliest inhabitants of the area now encompassed by Bear Lake Township were the Odawa, marking their legacy by leaving behind an impressive number of artifacts. It is thought a burial ground exists near Pierport’s artesian well, and a great battle may have taken place near “Brown town,” where farmers reported clearing their fields and discovering large numbers of arrowheads and even tomahawks. A silver crucifix found in the area and dated 1664 indicates early contact with Jesuit missionaries, perhaps even explorer Father Jacques Marquette. The first non-Native settlers included Russell Smith, who built his homestead in 1863 on the south side of Bear Lake with the idea of a future village and offered up 12 acres to anyone who would come in and start one. John S. Carpenter and Eliphlate Harrington Legend has it that Crystal Lake was formed by Paul Bunyan, a mighty lumberjack whose mighty big boot carved a footprint along the shore of Lake Michigan. took him up, building a small store, a boarding house, a steam saw, and grist mill before selling out a few years later to George W. and David H. Hopkins. The Village of Bear Lake was incorporated in 1893. On June 1, 1876, the Bear Lake Tram Railway began using horse-drawn freight cars to connect the growing village with the docks at Pierport, throwing the gateway to the rich markets of Milwaukee and Chicago open to full throttle. The last of the lumber soon slipped out, followed at close quarters by some early settlers including George Hopkins. By the 1930s, the freshly-cleared land had been put to use producing admirable quantities of blueberries, apples, and cherries. Many local families found seasonal employment on the farms, and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians has noted the Odawa summer camp located along the shores of Bear Lake during the 1930s through 1950s. Blaine Township Blaine Township was founded in 1851 as the location of the Loyed & Thomas sawmill near Herring Lake. But its raison d’etre didn’t last long: an unusually high water level in 1862 destroyed the dam across the creek, lowering Upper Herring Lake’s water level by three feet and rendering the mill unsalvageable. Despite this setback, the township continued to grow, and its official organization in 1.3 Bear Lake School 1867 included the area that is now Gilmore Township. A large commercial fishery founded by John Babinaw ½ mile south of lower Herring Lake shipped thousands of tons of whitefish, herring, and trout to Chicago and Milwaukee. Crystal Lake Township Legend has it that Crystal Lake was formed by Paul Bunyon, a mighty lumberjack whose mighty big boot carved a footprint along the shore of Lake Michigan. The township that bears its name is not only the oldest in Benzie County, but predates the county itself by four years. Organized in 1859, Crystal Lake Township’s vast area included nearly the entire county. The township’s population expanded steadily, especially after the Homestead Act of 1862. One settler who stayed to raise a family was Hiram M. Spicer, a former school teacher who contracted typhus while serving in the Federal Army from 1863 to 1865 and may have moved to northern Michigan to avail himself of its renowned healthful air. Spicer became an accomplished horticulturist, and his 21-acre farm produced abundant quantities of peaches, apples, grapes, and cherries. He also served as Township Supervisor from 1874 until at least 1884. He helped construct a harbor, provided most of the harbor’s pilings, and was twice nominated for the state legislature. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 7 City of Frankfort A Michigan Historical Marker on the north side of the channel connecting Betsie Lake with Lake Michigan proclaims a piece of Frankfort’s earliest history: it may have been the site where the famed Father Marquette died in 1675. In 1852, Joseph Oliver bought 14 acres between Lake Aux Becs Scies—French for “of sawbill ducks”—and Lake Michigan to become the first settler of what would become Frankfort. Three years later, a schooner owned by investor George W. Tifft from Cleveland blew into the little-known harbor seeking refuge from a storm; Tifft promptly bought a thousand acres surrounding the lake and sold it to a development company from Detroit. The first township meeting of the original, massive Crystal Lake Township was held in Frankfort in 1859, and the town became Benzie’s county seat ten years later. By 1867, the United States government had taken notice of the Aux Becs Scies harbor and commenced improvements. Former Congressman and Montana territorial governor Jim Ashley capped off the northwestern journey of his Ann Arbor Railroad with the 1892 purchase of a small local line that connected it to Lake Michigan at Frankfort, and then the company built the lavish 250-room Royal Frontenac Hotel to attract tourists by both rail and water. 1.4 Frankfort harbor entrance 1.5 Downtown Frankfort, 1940 Village of Honor About the first of April, 1885, Guelph Patent Cask Company foreman E.T. Henry arrived on the grounds with a crew of men and a small portable sawmill and began to clear a place for a set of camps, naming the settlement “Honor” in compliment to the baby 1.6 Platte River Trout Pond rearing grounds before the state hatchery �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 8 daughter of Guelph general manager J.A. Gifford. Hardly a quarter-century later, the 600-resident village was made the county seat by popular vote and later became the site of a wellknown and heavily attended annual reunion of Civil War vets (probably due in part to the name of the town—what veteran’s group wouldn’t want to meet in Honor?). The Seymour and Peck Company, successor to the Guelph Patent Cask Company, shipped veneer to Chicago while the Desmond Chemical Company Plant at Carter Siding converting cordwood into charcoal, alcohol, acetate and other wood derivatives. In 1953, Honor saw the opening of the Cherry Bowl DriveIn Theater, now lovingly restored and one of the oldest continually operating drive-in theaters in America, and Coho salmon were introduced to the area in 1966 through the Platte River Fish Hatchery. 1.7 A car ferry returns to Elberta, 1930s Gilmore Township and the Village of Elberta At just 7.25 square miles, Gilmore Township is the smallest in Michigan. The area was first settled in 1855 by Joseph Robar and John B. Dory, and the first improvements to Gilmore Township’s harbor on beautiful Betsie Bay occurred in 1859. The harbor was deepened and piers were constructed; these proved vital to the fledgling settlement’s future growth, which would depend heavily upon the shipping industry. In 1892, the Ann Arbor Railroad launched the world’s first carferry service from Betsie Bay. Rail cars carrying lumber, coal, and grain now had a rapid shortcut to the shores of Wisconsin. Elberta, the only village in Gilmore Township, was first settled in 1855. Early luminaries include L.W. Crane, lumberman and founder of the local sawmill, built in 1872, and James Gillmore, Benzie County’s first newspaper publisher and the gentleman for whom the township was named. The home of a sawmill, a broom handle factory, and Frankfort Furnace, it shipped out wood, lumber, handles, bark, and pig iron. In 1887, the United States Coast Guard installed a Life-Saving Station on Elberta’s Lake Michigan shore that operated for nearly 50 years until a larger new facility was built about a half mile away. Joyfield Township Reverend Amariah Joy, a Baptist minister from Putney, Vermont, filed Benzie County’s first homestead claim on July 11, 1863 and quickly discovered the realities of life in the wilderness: few people and even fewer roads. But he and his wife Frances settled their homestead of 160 acres and Joy went on to become the first 1.8 Manistee Historic Salt and Logging Operations Unless otherwise noted, historical photos are from the UpNorth Memories online collection by Don Harrison stores.ebay.com/UpNorth-Memories-Collection �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 9 postmaster and then supervisor of the township that bears his name. He was succeeded first by his son and a year later by Charles H. Palmer, a New York teacher who had traveled to Ecuador and California before enlisting in the Civil War. After the war, Palmer made his Michigan homestead claim in November 1866 and resumed teaching while he cleared his land for planting. Eventually his farm boasted a respectable 30 cultivated acres, including 1,500 fruit trees and a unique specialty in nut cultivation. Lake Township The Platte River Campground at M-22 on the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore has a looooong history: artifacts dating from the period between 600 BC and 1640 AD suggest a little settlement, smaller than a village, in which Natives used the area on a seasonal basis “actually very much like what campers are doing today.” By 1873, the corner of Michigan made up of forests, the lower Platte River, Otter Creek, Bass Lake, Otter Lake, Long Lake, Platte Lake, Little Platte Lake, Loon Lake (originally Round Lake), and part of Crystal Lake became known quite fittingly as Lake Township. The lighthouse at Point Betsie was lit in 1858, and Alonzo J. Slyfield served for 22 years as its keeper. As the lumber boom wound down at the turn of the century, resorts became the other economic staple for fishing, hunting, and summer guests. Chimney Corners opened in 1910, and Crystal Downs—known as one of the best golf courses in the US—was established in 1927. 1.9 Lake view from the top of Prospect Ave., Onekama City of Manistee The name “Manistee” is from an Ojibwa word first applied to the principal river of the county. The derivation is not certain, but it may be from ministigweyaa, “river with islands at its mouth.” Other sources claim that it was an Ojibwe term meaning “spirit of the woods.” In 1881, salt was discovered beneath Manistee and another industry was born. By 1885, there were forty sawmills operating and by the end of the century the population reached 14,260. Manistee claimed to have more millionaires per capita than any other city in the United States. They also had city-provided fire protection, a parks department, water, sewer and street lighting. In 1841, the John Stronach family constructed a sawmill on Manistee Lake and later another on the Manistee River. By 1849, more settlers were arriving and the reservation was dismantled, with land given to settlers. The city was set back in 1871 when a fire swept through and destroyed over one-half of the city’s buildings. Much was rebuilt, this time of brick. After 150 years Manistee County has both changed and remained the same. The early boom years of lumbering and exhaustive agriculture have evolved into a stable, diversified industrial base and a top fruit-producing agricultural center. It is the beauty and natural wonder that abounds in the region’s forests, lakes and rivers that remain a constant factor and will always make Manistee County a special place to live and visit. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 1 0 Manistee Township the wooded acres along Portage Lake would be ideal. The area was known to settlers as early as 1840 by its Odawa name, onekamenk, or “portage.” Although its inhabitants called it by its English name for a time, there was another Portage, Michigan and the townspeople voted for a reversion to its historic name of Onekama in 1871. Though the lumber industry was crucial to early development, sawmills and citizens didn’t always mix. Residents fed up with the unnaturally high water areas were now open to settlement, and the town largely relocated. Although Manistee County was “set off” as early as 1840, giving it a name and Pleasanton Township a geographic region, it wasn’t officially “organized” until the state legislature Perhaps it was the verdant fields and divided it into three townships in 1855: forests that attracted George B. Pierce, Stronach, Brown, and Manistee. The a retired minister seeking a healthy tax rolls of that year showed over half atmosphere on a new frontier, to what the county’s valuation in Manistee was then Brown Township in 1863. Township, situated along the Lake When Pleasanton was established Michigan shoreline and host to the separately the following year, he Manistee River’s westward journey into became its first postmaster. By 1870, Manistee Lake. Pleasanton Two sawmills Township was with surrounding home to 65 dwellings lined families, the first By one account, a reveler at a the lake and shop and school eventually were established, celebration of the new post office took grew into the and the first communities of sawmill would the occasion to hitch his ox to a log Eastlake and arrive in 1871. Parkdale. The As settlement in the dam and pull it out, lowering adjacent farms surrounding Bear were among the Lake grew just the level of Portage Lake within a few most successful a mile south of in the county, the township’s hours and washing much of old Portage in part because border, residents of the ready took advantage of out to Lake Michigan. market in the new markets for nearby city. local timber and The Manistee forest products. National Forest Life became brushes the increasingly southeast corner of the township, levels in Portage Lake, raised to power civilized for Pleasanton’s inhabitants. blanketing the land south of the Manistee the sawmill, took matters into their own By 1880, the community would boast River and about two miles inland of hands. By one account, a reveler at a two schools, a public library, a fenced Eastlake with trees regrown in the wake celebration of the new post office took cemetery, and two churches. A local of the logging industry. the occasion to hitch his ox to a log resident was quoted in August 1877 in the dam and pull it out, lowering as saying, “[W]hoever chronicles the the level of Portage Lake within a history of Pleasanton ten years hence Onekama Township few hours and washing much of old will no doubt inform the world that it is When Adam Stronach sought a place Portage out to Lake Michigan. Portage one of the most flourishing towns in the to build a sawmill in 1845, he knew Creek dried out, previously submerged State of Michigan.” �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Context �Figures, Maps, Tables 2.1 Area of influence map C-2 2.2 The regional view from Google Earth C-3 2.3 Table of community types C-4 2.4 Regional location map C-5 2.5 Transect map C-6 2.6 Lakes to Land transect typology C-8 2.7 Land cover map C-12 2.8 Agricultural land cover C-13 2.9 Topography and bathymetry of Frankfort C-14 2.10 Topography and bathymetry map C-15 2.11 Slopes map C-16 2.12 View from Inspiration Point, Blaine C-17 2.13 Traveling water C-18 2.14 Watersheds map C-19 2.15 Wetlands map C-20 2.16 Arcadia Marsh restoration project C-21 2.17 Table of wetlands acreage C-21 2.18 Lookout at Sleeping Bear Dunes C-22 2.19 Protected lands map C-23 2.20 Critical dunes map C-24 2.21 Sleeping Bear Dunes C-25 2.22 Road classifications map C-28 2.23 Auto trail signs C-29 2.24 Historical snow plowing in Manistee C-30 2.25 Vehicle traffic volume map C-31 2.26 Marine ports map C-32 2.27 Freighter departure C-33 2.28 The John D. Dewar Approaches an Arcadia Dock C-34 2.29 Operable railroad tracks map C-35 2.30 Aviation map C-36 Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am 2.31 Frankfort Cinema TG 1-A C-37 Parks and recreation map doubtful material has denoting suitable C-41she two. friendship no2.32 inhabiting. Goodness 2.33 Campgrounds map mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode C-42 2.34 Orchard Beach State Park in Manistee Township C-43 2.35 Table of boating economic impacts C-44 2.36 Bear Lake boat launch circa 1920s C-44 2.37 Boat launch ramps map C-45 2.38 Lands open to public hunting map C-46 2.39 Jake turkeys in Onekama C-47 2.40 Table of hunting licenses sold by year C-47 2.41 Benthic macroinvertebrates C-48 2.42 Steelhead trout C-48 2.43 Trout locations map C-49 2.44 Recreational trails map C-50 2.45 Table of trail miles C-51 2.46 Historic sites map C-54 2.47 Historic site photos C-55 2.48 Lighthouse photos C-56 2.49 Lighthouses map C-57 2.50 Table of population, households, and housing units C-61 2.51 Table of median ages and ages 65+ C-62 2.52 Age graphs C-63 2.53 Median income comparison C-64 2.54 Educational attainment comparison C-64 2.55 Educational attainment, income, and unemployment C-65 2.56 Benzie County dashboard C-68 2.57 Manistee County dashboard C-70 2.58 State of Michigan dashboard C-72 2.59 United States dashboard C-74 2.60 County Plan summary table C-80 by Dear �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 Regional Setting Located a little over one hour southwest of Traverse City and two hours north of Muskegon, the Lakes to Land region sits nestled along the shores of Lake Michigan. Accessible from the north or south by M-22 and US-31, and from the east or west by M-55 and M-115, smaller county roads traversing its interior pass through fruit farms, small towns, and scenic vistas. Although the regional setting of this collaborative master plan is diverse, the communities within it share similar topography, land uses, and economic bases along with a fierce sense of place. Many know the area as unique, peaceful, and possessing a tranquility unparalleled in Michigan. Bluffs beckon from the shores of Lake Michigan with an invitation to stop and watch the amber sunsets over turquoise water. Inland lakes dot the area, some providing safe harbor from Lake Michigan for small craft use. An urban feel can be found in the more heavily populated villages and cities which make up the northern and southern portions of the region. Fine restaurants, nightlife, culture, and entertainment are plentiful. Seasonal and permanent residents alike find hospitality and fellowship. The region’s diverse economic base is comprised of small mom and pop stores, larger retail outlets, and light manufacturing. Between the urban areas to the north and south lies the agricultural stretch of the regional economy. Fruit farms growing apples, cherries, raspberries, blueberries, and plums are plentiful; other products include maple sugar, honey, corn, and general produce. Agricultural enterprises come in all types and sizes, from non-operative acreage to organic farms to large-scale production. A growing number of farms participate in Farm To Table endeavors such as Farmer’s Markets, roadside stands, U-Pick and Community Supported Agriculture arrangements. Healthcare institutions are found in both the northern and southern portion of the geographical range, and smaller urgent care facilities dispersed throughout the core of the region. Tourism and eco-tourism are important parts of the economy as the region’s assets invite visitors to play and relax. Technology has allowed an increasing number of individuals to select the region as home and then define or continue their method of employment, making home occupations important to many. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann I Homestead Tw p. L e k a M i i h c Inland 1\vp. I Beulah Elberta II BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. II Honor MANISTEE CO. Crystal Lake WEXFORD CO. -i- -- -- --- --11- Platt Lake I Benzonia I ·---------:I- n a g : Col fax 'l\vp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Ar adia Tw11. Springdale ·1 "P- Bear Lake - - - - - -- -- -~ Bear Lake :' Cleon 'l\,•p. Maple Cl'Ove 1\vp. Onekama Portage Lake Ma1i lla 1\vp. Bear Lake Twp. ____ i Kaleva _. _ - - - - - -; --,_ Brown Twp. - - - -------------······ ! t Dickson 1\vp. I I I Manistee ''I --- --- --- --- --f-- .. .. ·-.. .... -- .... -- -- ·- -- -- .. .. ·- - Eastlake Suonach Twp. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Area of Influence ,----' Area of Influence J MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.1 Area of influence map • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library "---- Participating Communities I I CJ CJ Master Plan Complete CJ City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 Area of influence At the inception of the collaboration, the initial communities agreed to focus on a general geographic area which possessed similar qualities and faced comparable issues regarding land use and policy. As discussed in Tab 1, formation of the Lakes to Land collaboration did not happen all at once­. Seeds of this capacity to work together were planted during the writing of the Onekama-based Portage Lake Forever Watershed Plan: the township and the village came together so well that they wrote an award-winning master plan covering the entire “Onekama Community.” On a roll, they then formed a Community Development Committee and began to investigate the possibility of Scenic Heritage Route designation for route M-22. This brought them outside the township’s borders and to the immediate discovery that the “M-22 communities” of Arcadia, Blaine, Gilmore, Crystal Lake, and Bear Lake were not only ready to collaborate but had plans of their own in mind. 2.2 The regional view from Google Earth Platte Lake and Crystal Lake to the north, US-31 running down the east, Portage Lake to the south, and Lake Michigan in the west. Taking a “the more, the merrier” approach, the original communities knew that they would be inviting their neighbors to join them. How, then, to strike a balance between inclusivity and manageability? Taking a cue from collaborative successes already achieved, they decided to focus on the features that had already paved the way for working together: water and transportation. This meant concentrating on the Lake Michigan shoreline communities and those adjacent to them, through which US-31 runs. Taken together, the leadership team referred to these as the collaboration’s “Area of Influence.” As we have seen, that strategy was a success. All but four of the townships signed on, and one village (Honor) decided to come on board even without its surrounding township. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 Regional location Most of the communities within Benzie and Manistee Counties situated along the Lake Michigan shoreline are participating in the Initiative, along with several inland communities. The initiative includes ten townships, four villages, and two cities. One of those villages – Honor – joined without the participation of surrounding Homestead Township. Manistee Township is participating without one of the two incorporated municipalities within it, the village of Eastlake. With those exceptions, every township is participating along with the incorporated municipalities within them. Crystal Lake Township is participating along with the city of Frankfort, Gilmore Township along with the village of Elberta, Bear Lake Township along with the village of Bear Lake, and the “Onekama community” of Onekama Township and the village of Onekama. The other participants are townships with no incorporated cities or villages within them: Lake, Blaine, and Joyfield Townships in Benzie County, and Arcadia and Pleasanton Townships in Manistee County. The narrative of this report consistently refers to these sixteen communities: 2.3 Table of community types Benzie County Blaine Crystal Lake Township Gilmore Joyfield Lake Manistee County Arcadia Bear Lake Manistee Onekama City Pleasanton Benzie County City of Frankfort Manistee County City of Manistee Village Benzie County Elberta (Gilmore Twp) Honor (Homestead Twp) Manistee County Bear Lake (Bear Lake Twp) Onekama (Onekama Twp) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 LEELANAU CO. BENZIE CO. Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Manistee Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Location LAKE CO. -- 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.4 Regional location map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library CJ Participating Communities CJ City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road S R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. '; Honor Frankfort Elberta La ke M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Benzonia Twp. - GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I MANISTEE CO. Platt Lake WEXFORD CO. I -- -- -- -- -- - - Crystal Lake Village of Honor Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. 0 2,100 4,200 Feet Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. r'""'- r Bear Lake Bear Lake ,I __ \:_-- I - '-- - - - -- I - ~-- - Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake '. Manistee Filer Twp. Manistee Twp. Eastlake _!~ ~ Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. ~J • ... - - - - - t ~ - - - -1 ~ ------------Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Transect MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.5 Transect map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR, Benzie and Manistee County Equilization County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road CJ T1 - Natural CJ T3 - Cottage and Country CJ T2 - Rural / Farm CJ T4 - Settlement El Updated: 07-31-13 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 Regional Transect Shortly after the preparation of the Lakes to Land master plans began, the State of Michigan added placemaking as a component of the State’s economic development strategy. Placemaking capitalizes on a local community’s assets, inspiration, and potential, with the intention of creating public spaces that promote people’s health, happiness, and well being. The focus of the State’s placemaking strategy is to create vibrant and economically viable places that will retain and attract talent and jobs. National trends note that younger professionals who are our up-and-coming entrepreneurs and business owners migrate to places which provide economic, social, cultural and recreational amenities. In order to consolidate limited resources, the State will likely leverage discretionary funds into communities which have the density to support a creative workforce and serve as generators for growth and investment. To assess where these investments are likely to occur, a “transect” characterizes an area based on its natural and development elements. According to Wikipedia, “the urbanto-rural transect is an urban planning model that defines a series of zones from sparse rural farmhouses to the dense urban core. Each zone is fractal in that it contains a similar transition from the edge to the center of the neighborhood. The importance of transect planning is particularly seen as a contrast to modern Euclidean zoning and suburban development. In these patterns, large areas are dedicated to a single purpose, such as housing, offices, shopping, and they can only be accessed via major roads. The transect, by contrast, decreases the necessity for long-distance travel by any means.” The rural-urban transect includes six (6) zones from natural (T1) to urban core (T6). In the Lakes to Land region, only four (4) of the zones exist, ranging from Natural (T1) to Settlement (T4). The table on the next page describes in more detail the general characteristics found in each of the four character zones. Similarly, the map illustrates the locale of each zone based on a grouping of the future land use categories found in the nine community master plans. The result paints a picture of the Lakes to Land region as primarily Rural / Farm (T2) and Cottage and Country (T3). Only in several areas where densities range from 4 to 6 dwellings per acre are there Settlements (T4), such as the unincorporated village of Arcadia, the villages of Bear Lake, Elberta, and Onekama, and the City of Frankfort. These locales have the underpinnings to accommodate the level of economic and social activity that is envisioned in the State’s placemaking initiative. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 2.6 Lakes to Land transect typology Type T1 Natural General Description Area characterized by its unique natural resource and ecological assets and therefore considered for future special land stewardship. Element Land Local Land Use Classifications Recreation / Open Space Forest Living Commerce T2 Rural / Farm Farming is the dominant land use activity with some large lot residential homes Land Agriculture Agriculture / Rural Residential - Rural Forest Living Commerce T3 Cottage and Country T4 Settlement This area consists of low density collections of year-round homes or seasonal cottages some of them clusters around inland lakes or along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Home occupations and outbuildings are permitted. Planting is naturalistic and setbacks are relatively deep. Blocks may be large and the roads irregular to accommodate natural conditions and topography. Land Traditional residential neighborhoods characterized by a grid street pattern, smaller lots with higher densities than found in other locations. Land Residential - Resort Living Commerce Living Commerce Residential - Settlement Commercial Corridor Commercial Node Village Center �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 9 Element Description Properties under the ownership or management of Federal and State Agencies and Land Conservancies with a variety of natural and sensitive landscapes. None None Agricultural includes parcels used partially or wholly for agricultural operations, with or without buildings, and include the following: (i) Farming in all its branches, including cultivating soil. (ii) Growing and harvesting any agricultural, horticultural, or floricultural commodity. (iii) Dairying. (iv) Raising livestock, bees, fish, fur-bearing animals, or poultry. (v) Turf and tree farming. Performing any practices on a farm incident to, or in conjunction with, farming operations. Farm and non-farm related residences are also found in this category and occupy sites on less than acre to large acreage parcels between 5 and 10 acres in size. Sporadic stores or shops which serve local residents. These are located along County roads and are not concentrated in one location to be considered a commercial node or district. A variety of northern Michigan landscapes including rolling hills, lakeshores, meadows, forests and sensitive areas such as critical dunes and wetlands. Residential land use found along Lake Michigan, inland lakes such as Bear Lake, Lower and Upper Herring Lakes, Arcadia Lake and Platte River, and other streams characterized by small lots. This category will contain a combination of seasonal and year-round homes. Stores and shops dotted along County Roads, US-31 and M-22. These establishments include canoe/kayak rentals, bait shops, small grocery outlets, gas stations, art galleys and boat sales and service outlets. Primarily developed and settled as historic villages and centers of commerce. This land use category describes the neighborhoods of Arcadia, Elberta, Frankfort, Onekama, and Bear Lake. These neighborhoods are made up of single family homes located on lots with an average density of 4 - 6 units per acre. Homes are arranged close to the street with rear garages accessed by an alley when available. Arranged in a grid configuration, the streets are wide enough for on street parking but close enough to maintain an intimate neighborhood character. Trees and sidewalks line the streets, alleys provide rear entry to garages located in the backyard, and front porches beckon neighbors to sit and talk. A church may be found in the middle of the neighborhood along with neighborhood parks. Within walking distance to the Business district, civic, and recreational amenities, the Settlement area is the premier place to live for individuals looking for a more urban environment within view of Lake Michigan, inland lakes, and other natural resource amenities. A variety of small stores and shops, banks, restaurants, and professional services. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 1 Natural Assets As the name suggests, many of the Lakes to Land region’s very best assets come with the territory. A coastal region abutting the sixth largest freshwater lake in the world could consider itself well-positioned in any reckoning of benefits, but the water resources in the L2L area extend far beyond that. Every township except Gilmore and Joyfield also hosts an inland lake, from the enormous Crystal Lake on the north end to little Bar Lake in the south. The rivers that criss-cross the area include the Big Manistee, one of the most important rivers of Michigan’s lumber boom, the Betsie, and the Platte. This abundance has rightly earned the area the nickname “Water Wonderland,” driving a robust tourism and recreation industry. But it also requires attendant maintenance and careful diplomacy from each of the diverse types of users on these public waters, from industrial shippers to trout anglers to stone skippers. With water come wetlands. Once called “swampland,” these hydric areas provide benefits like flood control, water cleansing, and prevention of erosion. They are so important that they are managed at the state level, meaning that development affecting them is subject to a permit process. Historically, Michigan’s original forests built a respectable proportion of the midwest and then gave way to agriculture on the soils that would support it. The soils that wouldn’t frequently reverted to government control through delinquent taxes, leading directly to the assemblage of large parcels under federal and state control which then became conservation areas. These forests and preserves attract tourists and contribute to the rural scenery of the region, impacts which must be balanced against the untaxable and undevelopable nature of these vast swaths of land. The region’s most famous and unique natural asset are the sand dunes that line Lake Michigan’s eastern shoreline, especially the Sleeping Bear Dunes to the north. Remnants of the glacial age that shaped most of the midwest’s geology, these windswept mountains of sand play host to a diversity of biology, climate, and geology that is found nowhere else on Earth. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 2 LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Platte Twp. Lake Ann Lake Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. BENZIE CO. La ke i Inland Twp. GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta M Homestead Twp. Beulah MANISTEE CO. Frankfort i h c Honor Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Land Cover 4 8 Miles • 2.7 Land cover map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, NWMCOG County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road 2 Land Cover Type: D Urban D Agriculture D Forest D Wetlands No Data B R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 3 Land cover “Land cover” refers to the physical material at the surface of the Earth: vegetation, water, pavement, ice, bare rock, wetlands, etc. The vast majority of land within both Benzie and Manistee Counties is designated as Forest, with significant pockets designated Agriculture. Consistent with the Wetlands map in Figure 2.5, the Land Cover map shows wetlands mostly around the region’s lakes, rivers, and tributaries. 2.8 Agricultural land cover Top: Vineyards north of Manistee. Bottom: Onekama fields in fall “Urban land cover” refers to the impermeable surfaces with which we line our developments, such as streets, sidewalks, buildings, and parking lots. Shown in pink on the map, the areas in and around incorporated cities and villages, as well as along major roads, are designated Urban. Additionally, nearly every lake in the region is accompanied by an area of urban development. The proximity of development to water bodies presents particular challenges to water quality. Precipitation runoff carries pollutants such as vehicle fluids and animal waste across impermeable surfaces and directly into the water, without any of the filtration that would be provided by a permeable surface such as soil. Improperly constructed or failing septic fields can leach human waste into the water. Chemical fertilizer, even when properly applied and at the residential scale, can have serious consequences for water quality due to its concentration of phosphorous. This essential element for plant life can reduce the dissolved oxygen in a water body and thus its ability to support animal habitats. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 4 Topography The configuration of a surface, including its relief and the relative positions of its natural and constructed features, defines its topography. The map in Figure 2.8 demonstrates the highly varied terrain of the Lakes to Land region, which ranges from 450 feet above sea level in the river valleys to 1,350 feet at the ridge separating Benzie and Manistee Counties. Glaciers gouged the coast intermittently to form low-lying lakes, which have in turn been modified to suit human use over the past few hundred years. In many cases, the lakes remain surrounded by lands of higher elevation to form spectacular bluffs, as in the Arcadia and Frankfort areas. These topographic grooves also helped shape the valleys through which rivers such as the Platte, Betsie, and Manistee make their way to the Lake Michigan shore. Topography plays an indispensable role in development. Engineering concerns presented by swift grade changes were a strong influence on the location of the region’s railroad corridors. Construction in areas of low elevation can be subject to flooding, while a building on a severe slope risks an unstable foundation. Also pictured on this map is the configuration of the Lake Michigan floor—­its bathymetry. This helps determine how a waterbody can be used. Shallower waters remain warmer and offer recreational opportunities like swimming and windsurfing, while only deeper waters can accommodate the larger vessels used by industry. 2.9 Topography and bathymetry of Frankfort Note the surrounding bluffs and the dredged harbor. Photo: Google Earth �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 5 z ? LEELANAU CO. BENZIE CO. ç ? Almira Twp. Platte Twp. Lake Ann ! ç ? Frankfort Crystal Lake Twp. L e k a M i ch I ½ I ½ ! Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Elberta ! a g i !Honor Benzonia Twp. ! Beulah BENZIE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake ! Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I ½ Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? Colfax Twp. Ä ? Thompsonville ! BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish ! Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ Bear Lake Ä ? ! Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Portage Lake ç ? Manistee Twp. Iº Marilla Twp. Kaleva Onekama ! ! Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake WEXFORD CO. ç ? Dickson Twp. ø ? Manistee Eastlake ! ! i ? Filer Twp. i ? Stronach Twp. Norman Twp. I ½ ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Topography and Bathymetry 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.10 Topography and bathymetry map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library 50 13 50 11 0 95 0 75 55 0 Elevation (ft): 5 0 5 0 22 45 67 90 Lake Depth (ft): 1 County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road 8 R ' Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 6 m ? LEELANAU CO. Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. ! ç ? Frankfort ! Ä ? k a L e M Homestead Twp. Inland Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. !Beulah Elberta ! i I º I º Crystal Lake Twp. i h c ! Honor Benzonia Twp. BENZIE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake ! Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I º Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? Ä ? Thompsonville ! BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish ! Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I º Bear Lake Ä ? Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama ! Portage Lake ç º ? I Manistee Twp. Marilla Twp. Kaleva ! Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Lake Dickson Twp. ² ? Manistee WEXFORD CO. ! Bear ç ? ø ? Eastlake ! ! i ? Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. i ? Norman Twp. I º ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND LAKE CO. 0 Representative Slopes 2 4 8 Miles 2.11 Slopes map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Slope Degree: 0-1 1.1 - 5 5.1 - 9 D D D D 9.1 - 16 16.1 - 80 8 R ' Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 7 Slopes Slope is a calculation of “rise over run,” or the change in elevation at two points divided by the distance between them. When calculated this way, slope is expressed as a percentage or gradient. It can also be expressed in degrees, as the angle of the surface as compared to the horizontal. Figure 2.9 shows “strong” slopes, defined by an angle between 9.1 and 16 degrees (15-30% grade, or a 15- to 30-foot rise over 100 feet of distance), and “steep” slopes which have a rise of over 16 degrees (>30% grade). Awareness of the locations and extents of these slopes can impact decisions with respect to land use and transportation planning. The threat of erosion, sedimentation, and landslides all increase with the slope of a developed surface. Transportation requires more energy to cover the same distance, a situation that is drastically exacerbated as winter snow and ice reduce surface friction on the roads. 2.12 View from Inspiration Point, Blaine On the other hand, part of northwest Michigan’s magnetic appeal is provided by its beautiful vistas and the recreational opportunities offered by its varied terrain. Many areas of steep slopes and undulating grades are concentrated around the inland lakes near Lake Michigan. Crystal Lake in particular has some steep slopes along both its north and south banks, as do several portions of the Lake Michigan shoreline, and the unincorporated village of Arcadia is nestled in a valley surrounded by steep slope hills. M-22 owes its “Scenic Route” designation to the spectacular views offered by steep hills; the popular state lookout Inspiration Point, just north of Arcadia, is the highest elevation on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 8 Watersheds A watershed is a geographic area of land that drains surface water to a common point in the landscape. Watersheds catch precipitation and snow melt and channel that water into streams. Those streams flow downhill to feed into bigger streams and rivers, collectively creating a network of waterways that eventually drains into a large water body—in Michigan, all watersheds eventually flow into one of the Great Lakes. The Lakes to Land region is served by three of the watersheds designated by the United States Geological Survey: Manistee, Betsie-Platte, and Pere MarquetteWhite. Watersheds connect settlements to each other in a way that is particularly dissociated from jurisdictional boundaries. First, they are usually larger than any standard municipal unit—several to dozens of municipalities can sometimes fit inside a single watershed. Second, and more importantly, water moves under its own power from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. This means that the impact of land use decisions on water quality are felt far beyond the authoritative reach of the decision-makers. Regional planning is therefore an especially valuable tool in watershed protection, as in the case of the Portage Lake Watershed Forever plan that brought the Village of Onekama and Onekama Township together, or the Crystal Lake and Watershed Association that is the most recent incarnation of a citizen-led group focused on that waterbody stretching back over 40 years. For this reason, federal and state monies for water quality management are often disbursed on the basis of an approved watershed plan. Section 319 of the national Clean Water Act provides grants to address nonpoint source pollution (pollution from diffuse sources such as fertilizer, oil, road salt, and animal waste in runoff). The Clean Michigan Initiative is a $675 million bond dedicated to the state’s water resources, including a $90 million clean water fund and $70 million in pollution and remediation monies. Nearly all of the Lakes to Land region is covered by a plan tailored to one of these two programs, with the exception of the areas adjacent to the Platte Bay and those surrounding Bar and Arcadia Lakes. In Michigan, all watersheds eventually flow into one of the Great Lakes. 2.13 Traveling water The Platte River goes under the M-22 bridge to meet Lake Michigan at the Platte Bay. Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 9 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Watershed Boundaries Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.14 Watersheds map Our 2011 performance was significantly better than Watershed Name: Manistee Betsie-Platte industry averages in most categories Pere Marquette-White Subwatershed Boundary D D D D B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 0 ' I ~ ~ - -- ~ --- -. -,-- LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. 1 ~ y • • Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ,. Frankfort Elberta k a L e M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Honor GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Benzonia Twp. MANISTEE CO. Crystal Lake WEXFORD CO. - - - - - - - - _I .,_ Platt Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. f.t., ' LAKES TO LAND 0 Wetlands 2 4 8 Miles 2.15 Wetlands map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, National Wetlands Inventory D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Wetland Type: Emergent Lowland, Shrub, or Wooded D D 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 1 Wetlands Michigan statute defines a wetland as “land characterized by the presence of water at a frequency and duration to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, wetland vegetation or aquatic life...” It goes on to note that these lands are commonly referred to as a bog, swamp, or marsh. By any name, wetlands are key to maintaining northwest Michigan’s natural amenities, and particularly its water bodies. They provide flood control, wildlife habitat, groundwater recharge and protection, pollution treatment, erosion mitigation, and replenishment of water nutrients. They are so important that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality delineates and regulates wetlands throughout the state, as shown in Figure 2.13. DEQ regulates wetlands that meet any of the following criteria: 2.16 Arcadia Marsh restoration project Photo: Ducks Unlimited • Connected to, or located within 1,000 feet of, one of the Great Lakes or Lake St. Clair • Connected to, or located within 500 feet of, an inland lake, pond, river, or stream • More than 5 acres in size • Has been determined by the DEQ to be essential to the preservation of the state’s natural resources Every one of the communities participating in the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative has some delineated wetlands, although the greatest concentration in the region runs northeasterly through the non-participating townships of Maple Grove, Springdale, Cleon, and Colfax. Regulated wetlands require a permit and possibly mitigation for any activity (construction, fill, dredging, etc.) that will impact them. 2.17 Table of wetlands acreage Benzie Manistee Total Emergent (characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens) 1,079.27 2,324.67 3,403.95 Lowland, Shrub, Wooded (characterized by low elevation and woody vegetation) 22,762.91 40,787.43 63,550.33 Source: National Wetlands Inventory �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 2 Protected lands As the nineteenth century drew to a close, the lumber barons had just about clear-cut the entire state of Michigan. Though agriculture was expected to take the place of logging in the local economy as it had done elsewhere, soils better suited to the slow, woody growth of trees ensured that it did not. Collapsing farm prices and tax delinquency following the end of World War I placed hundreds of thousands of acres of land under government control. Faced with a population hemorrhage out of northern Michigan, the state’s Conservation Department embarked on a program of rehabilitating the land for recreational purposes. The Manistee National Forest was created in 1938. Administratively a portion of the HuronManistee National Forest, it comprises just over 148,000 acres of land within Manistee County, including 5,778 acres in Manistee Township. The Forest provides recreational opportunities, fish and wildlife habitat, and resources for local industry. The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore began as an unsuccessful 1941 recommendation to establish a state park on the Leelanau Peninsula. Finally authorized by the National Parks Service in 1970, it extends across approximately 35 miles of Lake Michigan Shoreline from Benzie to Leelanau Counties, and part of its 12,000 Benzie County acres comprise 45% of Lake Township. The Lakeshore is an international destination for outdoor and wildlife enthusiasts. In 2011, it was named by ABC’s “Good Morning America” as the Most Beautiful Place in America. In the 1990s, Rotary Charities commissioned a study showing a breakneck pace of development in northern Michigan and responded by incubating the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy. The Conservancy has since partnered with individuals, foundations, and all levels of government to protect over 34,000 acres of land and 100 miles of shoreline. 2.18 Lookout at Sleeping Bear Dunes Photo: National Parks Service �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 3 LEELANAU CO. a Pl tt Ba ----------r BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic a g i Homestead Twp. Inland Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Dickson Twp. Norman Twp. Filer Twp. ... .,. Brown Twp. Eastlake Manistee ,· Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Federal, State, and Protected Lands 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.19 Protected lands map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road D D D D Federal Owned Land State Owned Land GTRLC Nature Preserve GTRLC Protected Land B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 4 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e ak M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. --------- i ------ MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. • -~---- MANISTEE CO. 1 LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Critical Dunes Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D D Critical Dunes City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.20 Critical dunes map 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 5 Arcadia Critical dunes Township is the only Michigan hosts the largest collection of freshwater sand participating dunes in the world, a unique ecosystem sheltering five shoreline community in which critical dunes have not been inventoried by the MDEQ. threatened and endangered species. Protecting the dunes lining the Lake Michigan shoreline along significant portions of Manistee and Benzie Counties is an essential aspect of land use planning in northwest Michigan. Sand mining has been regulated by the State since 1976, and activities related to development, recreation, and forestry have been regulated since 1989. Earthmoving, vegetation removal, and construction activities within a critical dune area are subjected to a permit process. Local governments may assume that permitting authority by passing zoning restrictions that are at least as protective as state regulations, an option that has not been exercised by any Lakes to Land community. There are approximately 7,025 acres of critical dunes along the shores of Benzie and Manistee Counties, nearly all (91%) of which is in Benzie County. Arcadia Township is the only shoreline community participating in the Lakes to Land initiative in which critical dunes have not been inventoried by the MDEQ. 2.21 Sleeping Bear Dunes ��L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 7 Transportation Of all the subjects addressed in a master plan, transportation is among those best suited to be considered on a regional scale. People travel for the purpose of getting somewhere­— frequently, somewhere outside the municipal boundary in which they started. Of course, the story is much fuller. The connection between transportation and land use is so deep that many communities owe their very existence to the routes along which they sprang up: the port city of Manistee, for example, or the fortuitous harbor shelter that led George Tifft to arrange for the development of Frankfort. As the land use intensifies, so too do transportation routes: the Guelph Patent Cask Company’s lumber operation in Honor brought the Pere Marquette Railroad to town, and the settlements at Manistee, Bear Lake, and Benzonia attracted an “auto trail” that would grow into the cross-country thoroughfare US-31. For communities bordering a large body of water, limitations on growth are accompanied by challenges to land transportation. This describes the majority of Lakes to Land communities, where geography requires them to be the destination, not a waypoint, for westbound land travelers. The inseparable nature of production and shipping means that industrial land uses are particularly entwined with transportation. Lumber encampments first sprang up along rivers so that harvested logs, too heavy to be pulled efficiently by horses, could be floated to ships waiting at port. The emergence of the rail industry meant that operations were no longer confined to any water’s edge—rather than bringing the industry to the transportation, the transportation could now be brought to the industry. The Ann Arbor Railroad illustrated the value of combining these approaches when it reached the end of its line in Elberta and began launching waterborne “car ferries” to transport cargo across Lake Michigan to Milwaukee and Chicago. Sometimes, though, we travel just because we like it. As the 20th century got underway, the trains began to carry more tourists than cargo; some segments of the long-obsolete Ann Arbor Railroad bed have now been transformed into a pleasure trail for hikers and bikers. A group of gliding enthusiasts became so enamored of the offshore breeze at Frankfort that they made it into “the soaring capital of the world.” The highway shield for M-22 dots the state, not as a route marker but as two kiteborders’ proclamation of “appreciation for natural wonders such as bays, beaches and bonfire, dunes and vineyards, cottages, friends and family everywhere.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 8 g LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake , '>r '- ,_ ~ ' \ Manistee Twp. ' Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. ,;--,-----, Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. ,- - MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Road Classifications LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.22 Road classifications map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, USDOT National Functional Classification D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Arterial Road Collector Road Local Road 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 9 Road classification Modern roads have been part of the public domain almost since their inception, and for good reason: their usefulness depends heavily on the consistency of their condition and entirely on their continuity of existence across varied lands. But the “almost” is an important part of that sentence. In the late ‘teens and early 1920s, Michigan was among many states that became criss-crossed with “auto trails,” routes named by private organizations and marked with colorful bands on electric and telephone poles. The two such trails that headed to Mackinaw City via the Lakes to Land region were the West Michigan Pike, which began in Michigan City, IN, and the Dixie Highway Northern Connector from Niles, IN. Both traveled through the city of Manistee and the villages of Bear Lake and Benzonia. Following Wisconsin’s example, Michigan became the second state to replace this haphazard system with a numbered trunkline system in 1918-1919. (“Trunkline” now refers to all interstate, US, and Michigan highways.) The West Michigan Pike became M-11 until the United States Numbered Highway system was implemented nationally in 1926, when it was renamed again to US-31. It remains the main artery of Michigan’s west coast, and it was the first highway to cross the Straits via car ferry. In 1952, it was designated as Michigan’s only Blue Star Memorial Highway in a tribute to the Armed Forces. 2.23 Auto trail signs Top and middle: Signs marking the Dixie Highway and West Michigan Pike Bottom: M-22 sign that has become an unofficial symbol of northwest Michigan. Also among the Michigan’s first state highway designations was M-22. Just 116 miles long, it follows the Lake Michigan shoreline from Manistee through Onekama, Arcadia, Elberta, Frankfort, and the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore before it rounds the tip of the Leelanau Peninsula and returns south to Traverse City. Its sign has been adopted by a private recreation company as an informal brand of the region, and M-22 stickers and clothing are now seen all over the state. The Leelanau County portion of the route was designated part of the Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route in 2002, and it’s an honor with a planning component: Scenic Heritage Routes cannot be adjacent to land zoned for commercial or industrial uses. Finally, the road from Frankfort to Benzonia along the south shore of Crystal Lake was designated as M-115 in 1929. Traveling through the Manistee National Forest and the Pere Marquette State Forest, it now terminates in Clare at the intersection of business US-127 and business US-10. These roads provide several options for travel north and south, but travelers to the east and west rely on county roads under the jurisdiction of the Benzie and Manistee County Road Commissions. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 0 Vehicle traffic volume Annual average daily traffic—the total volume of vehicle traffic on a given road in a year, divided by 365—is a simple measurement of how busy a road is. One of the most common uses of AADT data, and in many cases the reason it is collected at all, is to determine the distribution of road funding for improvements and maintenance. The United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration requires each state to submit a Highway Performance Monitoring System report each June, and these reports form the basis for funding allocations. Three quarters of the 18.2 cent per gallon federal fuel tax is disbursed to the states, while the other 25% is distributed directly to county road commissions and city and village transportation authorities (all are required to provide matching funds). The Michigan Department of Transportation also collects a 19 cent per gallon gasoline tax in addition to vehicle registration fees and other transportation-related fees. I County roads make up 75% of the total Michigan road system, moving over $800 billion of goods and services annually. While the most miles are driven on state roads, county roads are the site of the majority of intersections—and crashes. Only four of the 889 Michigan traffic fatalities in 2011 occurred in Benzie or Manistee County. The Benzie-Manistee area saw the greatest number of accidents in November (174), followed closely by October (173) and December (171); crashes with injuries to persons occurred most frequently in October (33), August (31), and July (30). In both counties, drivers aged 16-20 accounted for the greatest number of crashes: 1079 per 10,000 licensed drivers, as compared with 578 crashes per 10,000 licensed drivers among those aged 21-64 and 337 crashes per 10,000 licensed drivers for those aged 65 and up. These trends are consistent with statewide data indicating that crash rates decline as driver age increases. Traffic volume data can also help prioritize snow removal. For the 2011-2012 year, the Michigan Department of Transportation categorized snow and ice control on US-31 as Priority Level I, meaning that the surface will be bare of ice and snow even if overtime must be paid to accomplish it, while the Priority Level II designation of lower-traffic M-22 means that overtime can be paid to clear a onewheel track in each direction but the rest must wait for the next scheduled shift. 2.24 Historical snow plowing in Manistee Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 1 LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic a g i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake • I ------------1---- --- · I Manistee Twp. Manistee Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Vehicle Traffic Volume 2 4 8 Miles • 2.25 Vehicle traffic volume map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT Paved and Vehicles per Day: Unpaved Paved 4' or Greater Paved Shoulder ----------------------- - Low (Under 2,500) Medium (2,500 - 10,000) ------------------·---- ==== ------------------·----- - - Heavy (Above 10,000) Minor Roads (No Data) D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary B R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 2 ~ LEELANAU CO. ---1- Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y :~" Almira Twp. ' ~ Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ( Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. \. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Marine Harbors Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.26 Marine ports map City or Village Harbor Type: Our County 2011 performance better than Boundary was significantly Commercial, and Recreational II Cargo, Township Boundary II Commercial, and Recreational industry averages in most categories Major Road Minor Road D 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 3 Marine ports The front door of many Michigan coastal communities is its port. Great Lakes navigation brought the first European settlers to the Lakes to Land region, first to trap fur and then to harvest timber from this western frontier. Commercial use of the waterways has continued ever since, and today one quarter of the nation’s top harbors by tonnage are on the Great Lakes. Maritime transport is considerably cheaper and more environmentally friendly than either rail or truck. Its average of 607 miles to one gallon of fuel per ton of cargo is three times the efficiency of a freight train and over ten times as efficient as trucking; it produces 90% less carbon dioxide than a semi and 70% less than a train. And then there are the infrastructure costs. While rails and roads require continual maintenance, the vast majority of Great Lakes shipping lanes were created by glaciers without any help from us at all. 2.27 Freighter departure Sandy barriers prevent some rivers from emptying into Lake Michigan at the close of their journey toward sea level, pooling instead into lakes that dot the western edge of the state. It took no time at all for early settlers to begin dredging these barriers, transforming the lakes into roomy and land-locked harbors. Manistee, with its broad lake at the confluence of two rivers, is the largest in the region. This deep draft commercial harbor serves five major industrial facilities, including the Filer City Generating Station. Frankfort, also a deep draft commercial harbor, was once reknown for the car ferries that launched rail shipments from the Ann Arbor Railroad onto the waterway system. Though those days are long gone, this Harbor of Refuge supports over 200 recreational boat slips. Citizens of Onekama have established infrastructure around their recreational harbor at Portage Lake that supports 230 recreational boat slips and generates tourist income; residents of Arcadia have done the same to support their 60 recreational boat slips and charter fishing enterprises. Both are also Harbors of Refuge, offering mooring to boaters stranded in inclement weather. But harbors are not part of the maintenance-free portion of the Great Lakes navigational system. The US Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for them under the national River and Harbor Act of 1879, and the already-challenging task of reliably directing sand and water is complicated by persistent low water levels and deferred maintenance due to constrained budgets. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 4 Rails The sole railroad line now operating within the Lakes to Land region is the CSX line that loops around the north end of Manistee Lake and continues south to Grand Rapids—all that remains of a bustling network of railroads across and around the region, many of which were built to serve the timber industry. The Manistee route was also the first rail foray into the Lakes to Land region in 1881. Three years later, the Arcadia and Betsey River Railroad began a short trip between Arcadia and its then-neighbor to the northeast, Saile Station, continuing on to the then-village of Springdale in 1887. Over the next several years, railways exploded all over the region: a Manistee & Northeastern ran a line from Manistee to Nesson City in 1888, the company that would become the Ann Arbor Railroad connected Cadillac to Frankfort in 1889, and lines connecting Walhalla, Interlochen, Lake Ann and Traverse City all popped up in 1890. This completed the backbone of the regional system, and beginning in about 1895 much of the rail-building effort was devoted to spurs that connected established stations and reached ever-further into the Leelanau Peninsula. The need for rail cars plummeted at the close of the lumber era, and those connecting spurs began to disappear beginning around 1917. The main lines through the region lasted mostly intact until the Depression. In 1934, a Pere Marquette loop that ran from Traverse City through Lake Ann, Interlochen, and Kaleva stopped running, and the Arcadia and Betsey River Railway followed in 1936. For the next 40 years, only the north-south Pere Marquette line and the Ann Arbor Railroad’s Frankfort connection remained. The former was abandoned in 1982, and the latter is undergoing rebirth as the Betsie Valley Trail after landing under the control of the State of Michigan in 1980. 2.28 The John D. Dewar Approaches an Arcadia Dock Photo and text from Arcadia Area Historical Society: “This is a view south along Lake Arcadia’s northeast shore. The steamer DeWar is on the left. Logs are stacked along the shoreline, in a barge, and in the water waiting transport to the Starke Sawmill. Source: Postcard Photo from the collection of Bob McCall” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 5 z ? LEELANAU CO. a Pl tt Ba BENZIE CO. y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. ç ? Crystal Lake Twp. La ke i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Beulah Elberta M I ½ I ½ Frankfort i h c '"I Honor Benzonia Twp. BENZIE CO. 1------------- Platt Lake Crystal Lake I Benzonia I I I - - - -- -- Gilmore Twp. n a g GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I ½ Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? :~ Thompsonville ' BENZIE CO. ' MANISTEE CO. Copemish ll ' ''' Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. ' Colfax Twp. ' '"' Ä ? Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ ' ' Onekama Twp. Onekama Maple Grove Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. . Portage Lake ~- Kaleva r-- '' ç ½ ? I '' Manistee Twp. ! ~,,)V '1t "0-tv ; Eastlake I Manistee i ? Filer Twp. 1 Stronach Twp. I ½ ,- MANISTEE CO. l Dickson Twp. : I ~ - - ~ ;~~------------~~ i ? • MASON CO. 1• .r. .,.~ Brown Twp. .f: Ä ? ~----------- --l----l MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake ç ? ø ? ------------------ Norman Twp. ø ? MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Operable Railroad Tracks WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.29 Operable railroad tracks map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Railroad Track Major Road Minor Road 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 6 7 z ? LEELANAU CO. Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y ç ? r.~ Almira Twp. \i Lake Ann Platte Twp. \t Lake Twp. ,________ I 7 Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta Honor I ½ Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Beulah Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Blaine Twp. ç ? I ½ ! C Joyfield Twp. ! C Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Ä ? 7 ~ \ Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. T Springdale Twp. I Cleon Twp. ( I ½ ' Bear Lake Ä ? Maple Grove Twp. , , jOnekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake ç ½ ? I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake ç ? WEXFORD CO. L e k a M I Benzonia Twp. I ½ Frankfort i Platt Lake BENZIE CO. ç ? i h c -- -- -- -- -- - - - Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I Dickson Twp. ! Ä ø ? Eastlake Manistee i ? Filer Twp. >< ¥ Stronach Twp. t ½ I ~ ,._ I \ i ? '/~J I ( 7 n ,_ ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. , ------- -------'~ LAKES TO LAND _I LAKE CO. 0 Aviation Norman Twp. 2 4 8 Miles 2.30 Aviation map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Type: C Helipad ! Commercial Ä General Aviation 7 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 7 Air travel Long before Blacker Airport became the fastest way to get from the Lakes to Land region to the rest of the world, sailplanes brought the rest of the world to the region. Manistee County - Blacker Airport is the largest airport in the region with 3,413 commercial enplanements (“civil aviation operations other than scheduled air services and non scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or hire”) in 2010. It is publicly owned by the Manistee County Blacker Airport Authority, and its first commercial flight went aloft in 1961. Seven single-engine and one multiengine aircraft are based in the field. Of the 132 weekly flight operations it averaged in 2010, 72% were split evenly between transient and local general operations; 18% were commercial flights; 9% were air taxis; and less than 1% were military. By contrast, the public-use Thompsonville Airport is the smallest. Owned by the Village of Thompsonville, it hosts four single-engine aircraft. Half of its 15 flight operations per week in 2011 were transient general aviation while the other half were local general aviation. 2.31 Frankfort Cinema TG 1-A This sailplane was, used by the U.S. Army Air Corps as a training glider. Frankfort Dow Memorial Field, a general aviation airport, saw three commercial enplanements in 2010. Publicly owned by Frankfort City-Co Airport Authority, its 77 weekly flight operations in 2011 were also split evenly between transient and local general aviation. Its aircraft base, however, was unique: the 13 enginepowered vehicles were accompanied by six gliders and one “ultralight,” defined in the U.S. as a single-seat vehicle of less than five gallons fuel capacity with weight and speed restrictions of 254 pounds and 55 knots (64 mph) respectively. These are the crafts of the Northwest Soaring Club, which was based at the Frankfort Dow Memorial Field until summer of that year. A 1939 article in The Rotarian credits six glider enthusiasts with transforming this city of “a few commercial fishermen, a few Summer visitors, and no fame at all” into “the soaring capital of America.” It went on to cite the first-ever incorporated sailplane school in America, the Frankfort Sailplane Factory, and the startling statistic that a full 80% of Frankfort’s population had taken to the skies. Although the factory moved to Illinois before it folded and the school has moved to Cadillac with the Northwest Soaring Club, the gliders’ glory days had put Frankfort on the map for good. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 9 Regional Recreation The tourism that has become one of the region’s strongest economic bases is largely fueled by an abundance of recreational opportunities. In the winter, residents are found playing on the slopes of lakes vying for one more knot. When the wind gets too fierce nearby alpine ski resorts, racing down snow mobile routes, for the sailors, the sailboarding crew unravels its gear and participating in snow shoe stampedes, enjoying a vigorous day speeds over the whitecaps, catching air and impressing the of Nordic skiing, or relaxing in an ice hut on an inland lake bystanders. Lake Michigan may not get waves big enough for trying to secure that perfect catch. Some more adventurous surfing on a regular basis, but its substantial wind kicks up souls are racing their ice sail boats. When warm weather some pretty large breakers for an inland lake. is upon the region, residents are found mountain biking or Fishing is a huge industry in the walking on the non-motorized region, whether it is winter or transportation trails, walking the All types of fishing exist summer. All types exist in plenty: tree-lined neighborhood streets enterprise or recreation, fly or bait of the villages and towns, and in plenty: enterprise or and tackle. The region’s rivers, living life by enjoying family and streams, and lakes are heavily community. recreation, fly or bait scrutinized for their freshwater During the summer months, inhabitants, and they are home and tackle. winter’s empty and lonely to some of the finest fly fishing the orchards burst forth with energy. country has to offer. Golf is also a Small fruit stands dot M-22, and nurseries along US-31 are major recreational must for many who live and visit the region; available for drivers to smell the fresh air and listen to the opportunities range from opulent courses known throughout sway of the trees while tasting the bounty of the area. Boating, Michigan and beyond to propitious courses that host all levels whether sailing or under power, occupies many lazy afternoon of player. days. Sailboats of all sizes cluster in weekly regattas on the �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 0 Parks and recreation “Because to so many citizens, men and women alike, life is a grind, a round of labor and a season of care... Thus public recreation facilities are provided because of the demand for a free and popular antidote to task-driving conditions.“ Charles Mulford Robinson used these words in a 1910 article titled “Educational Value of Public Recreation Facilities” to assure his readers that his treatise was not going to sap all the fun out of public parks. “To furnish that antidote is their essential purpose,” he soothed. “Education is incidental to it.” Still, his next several pages do not waver from their purpose: “The song of a bird, the scent of a flower, the glory of a sunset sky are parts of our common heritage. ... If the park can cultivate these in large numbers of people, as an incident of its service as a public pleasure ground, it will bestow great benefit; it will vastly increase its usefulness to the community; it will not only heighten the enjoyment of its own attractions, but it will put into hearts and minds a faculty of enjoyment that will be of service in daily life. To such extent, the investment which has been made in the parks will be paying daily dividends on the common stock of human experience.” That may sound a bit overblown, but it turns out that we needn’t rely on the common stock of human experience to get dividends out of parks. Nearly a century after Mr. Robinson’s article, a 2006 National Fish and Wildlife Foundation study found that “outdoor recreation sales (gear and trips combined) of $289 billion per year are greater than annual returns from pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing ($162 billion), legal services ($253 billion), and power generation and supply ($283 billion).” Camping and hiking alone accounted for 55% of outdoor recreation’s total impact on the US economy, surpassing fishing, hunting, water sports, trail- and snow-based activities, and wildlife viewing. Blaine Township Park �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 1 LEELANAU CO. 'Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y 22 • : ,.,. -- -·' - Platt Lake Benzonia Twp. Honor Frankfort Crystal Lake Twp. n a g - -' -Weldon Twp. I ,------- ' - -• Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. I I Colfax Twp. ' ' :- BENZIE CO. fmlll!l :Thompsonville -- ~ MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. '' '' Bear Lake Bear Lake Cleon Twp. I -~----\m. ----;------: ----· I MANISTEE CO. i Benzonia Gilmore Twp. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Marilla Twp. ~- - - - - - - - --I-• Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake I _, Manistee Brown Twp. •. - .J,, Manistee Twp. WEXFORD CO. L e k a M Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Elberta -., - '-•.----- BENZIE CO. Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. : Lake Twp. i h c ... Almira Twp. fmlllllLake • Ann Platte Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. '' I MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. ,- MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Recreational Facilities and Amenities 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.32 Parks and recreation map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Park / Public Recreation Area Camping Picnic Facilities Drinking Water Restrooms / Port-A-Johns a M El •a Swimming Showers Hiking / Trailhead Biking Nordic Skiing 8 R ' Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 2 z ? LEELANAU CO. Ba tt y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 Platt Lake ç ? Crystal Lake Twp. Ä ? k a L e i Inland Twp. Beulah Elberta M I ½ ! 9 ! 9 Homestead Twp. I ½ Frankfort i h c Honor Benzonia Twp. Benzonia ' Gilmore Twp. n a g ! 9 l I ½ Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. BENZIE CO. Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. a Pl ! 9 BENZIE CO. ç ? Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Ä ? Thompsonville ! 9 BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ ç ? Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. ! Kaleva 9 Portage Lake ,_ '' ç ½ ? I Manistee Brown Twp. ! 9 Filer Twp. 9 Stronach! Twp. i ? Norman Twp. I ,- ø ? !9 9 !! 9 ! 9 Eastlake i ? I ½ ! 9 Dickson Twp. ! 9 ! 9 Ä ? -------------1--- ---- Manistee Twp. ! 9 MANISTEE CO. - - ----t----- ---- !Bear Lake 9 WEXFORD CO. ! 9 Bear Lake I I \. MANISTEE CO. ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ø ? MANISTEE CO. ! 9 LAKE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Campgrounds City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 4 8 Miles 2.33 Campgrounds map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR, NPS D 2 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 National Park Campgrounds National Forest Campgrounds State Forest Campgrounds State Park Campgrounds Local Municipality Campgrounds 6 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 3 Camping As leisure activities go, camping is about as democratic as it gets. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources boasts that “you are never more than half an hour from a Michigan State Park, State Forest Campground, State Recreation Area, or State trail system,” so just about anyone in need of a getaway can pack up a few subsistence items and start communing with the great outdoors in short order. It’s affordable, kid- and petfriendly, and so therapeutic that entire intervention programs have been built around it. 2.34 Orchard Beach State Park in Manistee Township Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison Lake Michigan’s varied shoreline and the region’s abundance of inland lakes, rivers, streams, woodlands, bluffs, and trails make it a year-round destination for outdoor enthusiasts of all types. And at the end of the river rafting or the bicycle riding, those enthusiasts need a place to rest their heads—and a bite to eat, and maybe a few supplies or souvenirs, making an attractive campground into a community economic driver. State campgrounds within Benzie and Manistee Counties are maintained and managed by the MDNR The Platte River campground, federally managed as part of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, is at the junction of M-22 and the Platte River, where archaeological evidence suggests that humans may have been taking a summer holiday since 600 B.C. Numerous private and quasi-public campgrounds dot the area, but it is interesting to note that the region hosts no state campgrounds at all in the recreation-focused area west of US-31—a potentially overlooked income source. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 4 Boat launches The eight Great Lakes states registered 4.3 million boats in 2003—one third of all US recreational vessels—and Michigan’s 1,000,000 boats led the region. Forty-two percent of them belonged to residents of coastal counties. To preserve public access to our 3,000 miles of coastline, Michigan’s state legislature began earmarking fishing license funds to purchase water frontage in 1939. Since then, marine fuel taxes and boat registration fees paid by recreational boaters have funded the construction of over 1,200 boat launching facilities. In the Lakes to Land region, the launches offer access to Lake Michigan, rivers, and inland lakes for watercraft ranging from kayaks to yachts. In addition to these State-designated launches, there are many additional inland lake road-end boat launch areas maintained by the Benzie and Manistee County Road Commissions. Such maintenance is money well spent. A Great Lakes Recreational Boating study conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 2003-2008 found that an average Great Lakes boat owner spends about $3600 per year, including equipment, insurance, fees, gas, food, and lodging. Applying that figure to the statistic above, it is reasonable to estimate that recreational boating is a $72 million enterprise in the Lakes to Land region. The same study appraises its contribution to Michigan personal income at $1.3 billion, to the overall economy at $1.9 billion, and to statewide employment at 51,000 jobs. 2.36 Bear Lake boat launch circa 1920s Photo: UpNorth Memories 2.35 Table of boating economic impacts Lakes to Land Region* State of Michigan Great Lakes basin 19,071 953,554 4,282,507 Trip and craft sales $780 million $3.9 billion $19 billion Personal income added $260 million $1.3 billion $6.5 billion Economic value added $380 million $1.9 billion $9.2 billion 1,027 51,329 246,117 Registered boats Jobs * calculated by taking 42% of state number and dividing by 21 (2 of 42 total coastal counties) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 5 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Platt Lake Benzonia Twp. Elberta L e k a M Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. ic ·-s -- -- _I - Honor Frankfort g i h 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BENZIE CO. _51_ -- -- -- -~ - Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I Crystal Lake I Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. SI -s- -- Colfax Twp. Thompsonville __ ,'__ BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake MANISTEE CO. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake ------------ -- J -Manistee Twp. ~ Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. sfiJ Manistee Filer Twp. )fr", : SI SI ,J - 1-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Boat Launch Ramps Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR State Designated Boat Access Site City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.37 Boat launch ramps map B R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 6 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Lands Open to Public Hunting Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Open to Public Hunting: US Forest Service National Park Service Commercial Forest Act Lands State Forest Land State Wildlife/Game Areas LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.38 Lands open to public hunting map D D -D 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 7 Hunting Want to hunt deer, elk, rabbit, hare, squirrel, pheasant, grouse, woodcock, quail, crow, coyote, opossum, porcupine, weasel, skunk, woodchuck, turkey, or waterfowl? There’s a license for that. The Department of Natural Resources, responsible for fish and wildlife management, regulations, and habitat protection, is primarily funded through two mechanisms: the direct sale of hunting and fishing licenses, and the leveraging of those proceeds for use in the federal Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration (WSFR) project. The WSFR program, which turned 75 in 2012, levies a tax of 10% to 11% on sporting arms, ammunition, bows, arrows, and crossbows and then returns that money to state conservation departments (in Michigan, the MDNR) through 3-to-1 matching grants. So, every $1 spent on a hunting license yields $4 in conservation funding. 2.39 Jake turkeys in Onekama It’s a system that many like because it directly ties the cost of preserved land to its use. But it is also a system in which land conservation for all reasons is vulnerable to changes in hunting behavior. The chart below shows that sales for all licenses have declined steadily over the past five years, both numerically and as a share of the overall population. The magnified rate of return provided by the WSFR program also works in reverse: for every $1 lost in hunting license sales, MDNR must make up a $4 budget shortfall. This has led the department to urge all who are interested in conservation to buy a license­—whether you plan to hunt or not. Photo: Al Taylor 2.40 Table of hunting licenses sold by year Change 20062011 % change 20062011 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 9,457 734,089 204 24,024 295,349 132,764 125,933 21,951 60,403 814,003 9,516 724,198 166 24,387 293,659 127,772 121,487 20,877 58,866 800,921 10,180 733,993 355 24,148 273,262 124,570 118,021 20,561 58,040 805,299 8,953 725,186 366 23,331 266,549 127,120 120,769 20,758 58,214 798,256 8,975 697,454 227 24,411 261,032 125,093 115,101 27,310 56,688 772,114 9,020 691,181 154 25,813 256,175 114,139 106,880 20,905 55,724 763,059 -437 -42,908 -50 1,789 -39,174 -18,625 -19,053 -1,046 -4,679 -50,944 -4.6% -5.8% -24.5% 7.4% -13.3% -14.0% -15.1% -4.8% -7.7% -6.3% MI population 10,082,438 10,050,847 10,002,486 Licenses per capita 0.0807 0.0797 0.0805 9,969,727 0.0801 9,883,640 0.0781 9,876,187 0.0773 -206,251 -0.003 -2.0% -4.3% Bear Deer Elkb Fur harvester Small game Turkeyc Spring turkey Fall turkey Waterfowl All types Hunting license typea b I Source: Brian J. Frawley, MDNR. a Within each license type, a person is counted only once regardless of the number of licenses purchased. b A restricted number of licenses were available, and these licenses were distributed using a random drawing. c Some but not all of turkey hunting licenses were distributed using a random drawing. d Total for all types does not equal sum of all license types because people can purchase multiple license types. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 8 2.41 Benthic macroinvertebrates Trout streams Mayfly One of the region’s major recreational draws is the wealth of opportunities for fishing, both in Lake Michigan and in its inland lakes, rivers, and streams. The map displayed in Figure 2.41 identifies the designated trout streams in Benzie and Manistee counties. Viable trout streams are generally defined by three characteristics: coarse soils, limited development (including limited pavement and other impervious surfaces), and an abundance of groundwater. State-designated Blue Ribbon Trout Streams meet even stricter criteria: they support excellent stock of wild resident trout, permit fly casting while remaining shallow enough to wade in, produce diverse insect life, and have excellent water quality. Trout are good indicators of water quality in general because of their reliance on benthic macroinvertebrate diversity—the bugs, larvae, and other organisms that live on the bottom of a body of water. These creatures thrive in streams with high levels of dissolved oxygen, and this means clean, cold water for two reasons: water’s ability to hold dissolved oxygen decreases as temperature increases, and the bacteria in organic waste can quickly consume all available dissolved oxygen. When present, aquatic macroinvertibrates help maintain the water quality by eating bacteria and decayed plants, then become a source of food themselves for the resident fish population. Dragonfly Caddisfly The Platte River from Maple City Road to Honor and Bear Creek upstream of Nine Mile Road both have Blue Ribbon designations. The Platte River stretch hosts the state’s fish hatchery, which raises chinook and coho salmon and produces coho eggs for the entire upper Great Lakes. Despite Bear Creek’s modest name, its flows are similar to the Little Manistee and Pine Rivers, and the tributary provides the Manistee River system with its wild runs of steelhead trout and salmon. 2.42 Steelhead trout Photo: Cheri and Tony Barnhart �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 9 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt ------------1BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta k a L e M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. ,)~ Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Trout Locations -- City or Village Trout Stream Blue Ribbon Trout Stream 4 8 Miles 2.43 Trout locations map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D 2 County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 0 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h c i i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. ,-- Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Recreational Trails Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT, NWMCOG, GTRLC D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road GTRLC Trail Equestrian Trail Betsie Valley Trail 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.44 Recreational trails map Snowmobile Trail North Country Trail Non-Motorized Multi Use Trail (use restrictions vary) B Updated: 09-24-13 • R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 1 Recreational trails The Michigan Statewide Trails Initiative of 1992 defines a However trailway as “a land corridor passing through the community many or countryside...accommodating a variety of public recreation worthy benefits a trail might provide, its raison d’etre can often be boiled down to one word: fun. uses.” Recent research casts trails in the role of community superhero, providing economic, environmental, recreational, health, and even safety benefits. They offer transportation alternatives to the car. They are exercise opportunities that lead directly to better medical outcomes. They’re sites of chance meetings with neighbors and wildlife. They can provide a buffer between natural areas and inhabited ones. They draw in visitors from other communities. Their activity can enliven an area that would otherwise look desolate enough to invite crime. But however many worthy benefits a trail might provide, its raison d’etre can often be boiled down to one word: fun. Michigan’s citizenry comes together in myriad ways to identify, create, and maintain an extensive and varied trail network. For example, our 6,200-mile web of snowmobile trails, 181 miles of which run through Benzie and Manistee counties, is one of only three such systems in the country. Half of the system is on private lands while the other half is distributed among federal, state, and other public lands; all utilize grant program grooming tractors for maintenance. The 22-mile-long Betsie Valley Trail that follows the abandoned Ann Arbor Railroad bed is another collaborative example: owned by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, it is maintained by Benzie County and supported by the not-for-profit Friends of the Betsie Valley Trail corporation. The Shore to Shore Riding and Hiking Trail that cuts across the northeast corner of Benzie County was established in 1964 by the Michigan Trail Riders Association, and the only “riding” to be done on this journey between Oscoda on Lake Huron and Empire on Lake Michigan is on a horse—neither motors nor bicycles are welcome. The Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy has made trails an integral part of its land stewardship mission. And the federally-managed North Country Trail is a footpath that traverses seven states between New York and North Dakota; the Huron-Manistee is one of the 10 national forests it touches on in its 4,600 mile journey. 2.45 Table of trail miles Snowmobile Equestrian Nonmotorized North Country Trail GTRLC Benzie Manistee Total 63.13 15.36 60.01 0 118.68 0 64.91 33.21 181.81 15.36 124.96 33.21 14.71 2.07 16.79 �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 3 Cultural Resources Though the land itself provides plenty of amusement for many, over the years the people of the region have built, preserved, and accrued a wealth of cultural endeavors with which to supplement their entertainment. Those inclined toward the visual arts may like to visit the works at the Oliver Art Center and the Crystal Lake Art Center, or wait until the art fairs arrive in Frankfort and Bear Lake. For a little free anytime cultural pick-me-up, peek into the Frankfort post office at the car ferry mural funded by the Works Progress Administration in 1941. Even a little and Manistee counties offer public libraries and branches. Even a little hotel stay can come with a side of history at the lumber-town-turned-resort called Watervale Inn—or it can make history the main attraction as in the old-west-themed Rockin’ R Ranch in Bear Lake. There you’ll find horseback riding, hayrides, sledding, carriage rentals, and of course a hotel stay saloon. Those who prefer the auditory delights can be serenaded by can come with a side of the Benzie Community Chorus For fun that’s a little less formal, and make the summer rounds of hometown festivals Arcadia history. Concert in the Park venues. In the Daze and Bear Lake Days theatrical hub of Frankfort, you are celebrated in July while can attend the Lakeside Shakespeare Theatre, Benzie County Onekama hosts Onekama Days in August and the Manistee Players, and Frankfort Garden Theater. County Fair in September. You can get a head start on sampling the region’s dining options at the Taste of Benzie Your culture can come packaged with a little education at festival in Elberta. Catch a movie in Honor at the Cherry the Arcadia Historical Society, or it can come packaged in Bowl Drive-In, open every summer since 1953, and if you’re the 60,000 bottles used to build the house that now hosts the in the car anyway, defy a little gravity at the Putney Road Kaleva Historical Society in Manistee County. Both Benzie Mystery Spot in Blaine. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 4 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Honor Frankfort Elberta L e k a M i i ch Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. I I I I - ·1I - -- -- -- Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. ,_ Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n ga BENZIE CO. Benzonia Twp. GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake 1 I I I y Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. I Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. • Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Onekama • Bear Lake Twp. . Portage Lake Marilla Twp. ' ' I Kaleva MANISTEE CO. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake I I I I II I - ------------------ -1 -------· ,,. Manistee Twp. Manistee • Filer Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Stronach Twp. Norman Twp. • MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Historic Sites • LAKE CO. 0 2 4 2.46 Historic sites map 8 Miles • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MSHDA D Registered Historic Site City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 5 Historic sites “[T]he task is to breathe the breath of life into American history for those to whom it has been a dull recital of facts—to recreate for the average citizen something of the color, the pageantry, and the dignity of our national past.” So spoke Verne Chatelan, chief historian for the National Parks Service at the 1935 passage of the Historic Sites Act. Since then, the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act has broadened both the definition and the scope of historic designation, giving official recognition and benefits access at all levels of government and in the private sector. Historic sites connect a geographic location to itself across time. They offer those who behold them an opportunity to broaden our definition of “community,” beyond those souls who happen to be living in a particular place right now to the sum all those who have passed through—an act which, when conceived in reverse, lets our own souls become part of a community which will outlive us many hundreds of times over. The Frankfort Land Company House imagined itself in just such a way in 1867: the two-story Italianate was the first stylish house in Frankfort, built for the company officials tasked with developing the town. “No building in Frankfort is more closely connected to the establishment of the city,” says the building’s National Register entry, adding that the lavish structure also “advertised the company’s confidence in the town’s economic potential.” 2.47 Historic site photos Top: The Frankfort Land Company House, Frankfort (Benzie County) Middle: The Manistee County Courthouse Fountain, Onekama Village (Manistee County) Bottom: The William and Ursula Quimby Homestead, Arcadia Township (Manistee County) Photos: Michigan State Housing Development Authority “Historic Sites Online” The Manistee County Courthouse Fountain in Onekama Village Park has twice been solemnly dedicated to the community. In 1887, the ornate public sculpture was purchased to decorate the lawn of the new Victorian Gothic courthouse. After a 1950 fire destroyed the building, the Portage Lake Garden Club obtained the fountain and moved it to the Village Park to memorialize the deceased servicemen of Onekama Township. The William and Ursula Quimby Homestead is neither lavish nor ornate, called an “ordinary farmhouse” even by its Register entry. But it sheltered a truly extraordinary Arcadia Township neighbor: their daughter Harriet Quimby, who became the first licensed female pilot in 1911 and successfully completed the first female solo flight over the English channel in 1912. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 6 Lighthouses The outsize role of waterborne trade in the history of Michigan—and the Lakes to Land region in particular— afforded lighthouses the equally outsize role of trying to keep that trade from becoming deadly. Colonial lighthouses came under federal control in 1789, when President George Washington created the U.S. Lighthouse Establishment. No lighthouses were constructed in Michigan until 1925, when the light at Fort Gratiot was lit. The first lights on Lake Michigan shone from Chicago Harbor and St. Joseph in 1832. By 1838, the Manitou Passage had been established as the fastest and most protected route to the Straits from the south, but it was still so treacherous it furnished an entire underwater preserve with shipwrecks. The South Manitou Light was lit in 1838 to mark the west side of the passage’s entry. By the time the Point Betsie Light Station joined it in 1858 to guide navigation into the passage from the east, the South Manitou Light was ready for reconstruction. Just south of the passage was the Lake Betsie harbor at Frankfort, the most northern improved harbor on Michigan’s west coast and an excellent refuge at which to wait for optimum passage conditions. Private funds had first improved the harbor, but by 1867 the traffic volume warranted the attentions of the Army Corps of Engineers. The next six years saw a new channel dug and dredged to accommodate the largest ships of the day, a pair of piers and revetments built, and the construction of the Frankfort Pierhead Light. Meanwhile, lumberers on the south side of the Lakes to Land region had discovered the tremendous potential of the Manistee River for transporting their product out of the state’s interior and began lobbying for improvements to the harbor. An Army Corps of Engineers study confirmed the need in 1861 and a lighthouse was built in 1870—and again in 1872, after the first one fell victim to Michigan’s coast-to-coast Great Fire of the previous year. 2.48 Lighthouse photos Top: Point Betsie lighthouse Middle: Frankfort North Light Bottom: Manistee North Pierhead Lighthouse �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 7 LEELANAU CO. I Pl t at Ba -----------: BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M i i h c g Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. .-------- Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an - - -'' -' Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. 11 :~ Thompsonville '' BENZIE CO. ------~ ----------- MANISTEE CO. Copemish lf_ Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Springdale Twp. ! -,------ ''' 'i Onekama Twp. Onekama Cleon Twp. '-------;- Maple Grove Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake ----- r --1------~ I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. - ~1...r - MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. • -~---- MANISTEE CO. .--- 1 LAKES TO LAND 0 Lighthouses LAKE CO. 2 4 8 Miles • 2.49 Lighthouses map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 •• Point Betsie Lighthouse Frankfort North Light Manistee North Pierhead Lighthouse 8 R , Beckett&Raeder �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 9 Demographics Demographics are the statistics of a population: gender, age, ethnicity, income, employment, housing, education, etc. Taken together, they try to paint a picture that gives a generalized answer the question, “Who lives here?” The answer to that question is central to the planning process because it is impossible to create a plan that will serve a community well without knowing about the people who comprise that community. Planning strategies vary based upon a population’s current characteristics, and on the ways in which the population is projected to change. For example, a community experiencing an increase in new families should be planned differently than one with an aging population. The former may place a priority on new singlefamily housing, new schools, extension of infrastructure, playgrounds and parks, etc., while the latter may be more concerned with issues of mobility and accessibility, emergency services, health care, and accommodating senior housing and assisted living. It is impossible to create a plan that will serve a community well without knowing about the people who comprise it. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 0 Population and housing In the “snapshot” of a community that demographic information presents, data about population and housing form the outline. Population The most basic piece of demographic information is the population count. This static number gives us a sense of scale which is necessary to understand and address the population’s needs. Many of the inputs and outputs of a municipal system are based on inputs and outputs of individual bodies (clean water, food, human waste, trash), so the size of the services needed are tied directly to the size of the community. Taken over time, population statistics become trends. These provide a basis for limited future forecasting and also offer a more robust comparison among communities. For example, we see that although the population growth rate of all 16 communities combined was 2.13%, the growth rate among individual communities ranged from a 36% loss of population from the Village of Onekama to an almost 20% gain in Lake Township. Moreover, comparing the participating communities to the larger populations within which they reside, we see that the growth rate did not keep pace with the national rate of 9.71% or the combined Benzie/ Manistee county rate of 4.28%, but it did avoid Michigan’s fate of population loss. The Lakes to Land citizens, then, made up a greater percentage of Michiganders in 2010 than they did in 2000 (0.143% versus 0.139%), but a smaller percentage of the combined Benzie/Manistee County areas (33.4% versus 34.1%). Households The second most basic piece of demographic data, the molecular structure in which the atoms of population reside, is the household. The US Census Bureau defines a “Household” as follows: A household consists of all the people who occupy a housing unit. A house, an apartment or other group of rooms, or a single room, is regarded as a housing unit when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters; that is, when the occupants do not live with any other persons in the structure and there is direct access from the outside or through a common hall. A household includes the related family members and all the unrelated people, if any, such as lodgers, foster children, wards, or employees who share the housing unit. A person living alone in a housing unit, or a group of unrelated people sharing a housing unit such as partners or roomers, is also counted as a household. The count of households excludes group quarters. There are two major categories of households, “family” and “nonfamily.” Households function as discrete economic units because their basic inputs and outputs are intertwined. American households have been in flux over the past halfcentury or so as people have reacted to increased wealth, relaxed social mores, and heightened mobility by changing the basic relationships that construct their lives: people stay single longer, have fewer children, and no longer assume that they will live with those children in their own old age. This situation is represented by consistent ratcheting downward of household size. Between 2000 and 2010, the number of households in the participating communities grew 5.7% while the population grew only 2.13%., yielding a 3% decrease in household size from 2.55 persons per housing unit to 2.47 persons per housing unit. This percentage was consistent throughout the Benzie/Manistee county area and in Michigan overall, which gained over 86,000 households even as its population declined. Households size decreased nationally, too, although less dramatically at just -0.85%­—from 2.67 persons per housing unit to 2.65 persons per housing unit. In some states, however, the 2010 census marked the first increase in household size in many years. Conventional wisdom attributes this in a large part to the doubled-edged Great Recession. First, high unemployment A seasonal resident of Pleasanton Township? �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 1 2.50 Table of population, households, and housing units Population Manistee County Benzie County Lake Twp* Crystal Lake Twp* Gilmore Twp* Village of Elberta** Blaine Twp* Joyfield Twp* Village of Honor City of Frankfort Arcadia Twp* Pleasanton Twp* Bear Lake Twp* Village of Bear Lake** Manistee Twp* Onekama Twp* Village of Onekama** All Participating Communities Benzie and Manistee Counties Michigan United States 2000 635 960 850 457 491 777 299 1,513 621 817 1,587 318 3,764 1,514 647 2010 759 957 821 372 551 799 328 1,286 639 818 1,751 286 4,084 1,329 411 Households Change 19.5% -0.3% -3.4% -18.6% 12.2% 2.8% 9.7% -15% 2.9% 0.1% 10.3% -10.1% 8.5% -12.2% -36.5% 2.13% 4.28% -0.55% 9.71% 2000 318 414 341 190 215 286 129 665 280 344 639 132 1,188 603 239 2010 387 438 360 173 234 313 135 601 296 365 696 118 1,270 634 205 Housing Units Change 21.7% 5.8% 5.6% -9% 8.8% 9.4% 4.7% -9.6% 5.7% 6.1% 8.9% -10.6% 6.9% 5.1% -14.2% 5.7% 7.6% 2.3% 10.7% 2000 1,106 1,051 439 237 431 338 153 873 545 623 916 161 1,391 1,117 315 2010 1,271 1,240 477 229 504 404 186 942 574 694 1,031 169 1,598 1,289 338 Change 14.9% 18% 8.7% -3.4% 16.9% 19.5% 21.6% 7.9% 5.3% 11.4% 12.6% 5% 14.9% 15.4% 7.3% 13.7% 13.5% 7.0% 13.6% * Includes the totals of any villages (incorporated or unincorporated) within the township ** Village totals not included in overall total because they are already included in their township’s total Source: US Census Bureau, ESRI Business Analyst rates which rest disproportionately on younger adults has given them less opportunity to leave “the nest.” Second, the mass transfer of home ownership from individuals to lending institutions during the foreclosure crisis resulted in a smaller number of available housing units over which to spread the population, an effect which is particularly pronounced in some geographic areas. Housing Units The total number of housing units in the participating communities grew 13.7% between 2000 and 2010, despite the fact that the total population grew only 2.13% and the number of total households grew 5.7%. While the number of total housing units typically exceeds the number of total households due to vacant housing units, we see in Figure 2.48 that many of the Lakes to Land communities have two or even three times as many housing units as households. This is because the “vacant” classification used by the census does not distinguish between units which are for sale or rent and those which are used as seasonal, vacation, or second homes. In 2010, the total vacancy rate for housing units in the United States was 11.4%, and 14.6% in Michigan. Vacant housing units for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use made up 3.5% of the national total of housing units in 2010, and 5.8% of the state total. Among the participating communities, however, 43.1% of housing units are vacant and 34.8% of all housing units are for seasonal/recreational/occasional use. Growth in housing units among the participating communities, then, has been driven primarily by construction of seasonal, recreational, and second homes rather than primary residences. A look at individual Lakes to Land communities can provide even more striking examples as communities which saw their populations decrease experienced seemingly paradoxical growth in housing units. A third of the Village of Onekama’s population, representing just under 1/6 of its households, departed between 2000 and 2010, yet there were 7.3% more houses at the end of the decade than at the beginning. The City of Frankfort and the Village of Bear Lake both also lost households while gaining housing units; Crystal Lake Township, Blaine Township, Joyfield Township, Manistee Township, Onekama Township, and the Village of Honor all saw the number of housing units grow at least twice as fast as the number of households. Only in Lake Township and Arcadia Township did housing units grow more slowly than households, and it is worth noting that resident households already accounted for a fairly small proportion of housing units in both communities (30% and 51% respectively). It is only in these numbers that we find a representation of a fundamental aspect of the Lakes to Land region: seasonal residents. Because the guiding principle of the census is to count people at their “usual residence,” this group is not reflected in the population count, and yet their presence affects and often drives many parts of the Lakes to Land economy �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 2 Age There is a well-documented “aging” trend in the population of the United States that is more acute in Michigan and particularly in northern Michigan. Those born during the Baby Boom of 1946 to 1964 have already entered or are approaching retirement age, raising the median age of the population. Nationally and statewide, the number hovers at just under 40 years of age, with Michigan’s median age about a year and a half older than America’s. When looking at Benzie and Manistee counties, however, that median jumps nearly a decade to 46.2 and 47.1 years respectively—and two-thirds of the Lakes to Land communities have median ages that are older still (Figure 2.49). Only in the Village of Honor is the median age younger than it is statewide and nationally. In Figure 2.50, we see that the population “peak” is mostly contained within the Baby Boom age ranges of 45-64. Almost a third (30.7%) of the citizens of the Lakes to Land communities are within this age range, and another quarter (26.1%) are older. The bottom four graphs in Figure 2.50 reproduce the imaginary line that runs across the bar chart for the Lakes to Land communities, the Benzie/Manistee county area, the State of Michigan, and the United States, repeated at four different points in time. In each line, the “Baby Boom bump” is visible as it moves through the age ranges; we can see that this concentration becomes more pronounced as the population focus narrows from national to state, state to region, and region to participating communities. This is important to know in addressing the needs of each community. It signals a need for age-appropriate housing and greater attention to universal access in design. More advanced life support and paramedic services may be needed, while the demand for schools is likely to be low. Fewer jobs may be needed if a large percentage of the population subsists on retirement income. 2.51 Table of median ages and ages 65+ I Lake Twp Arcadia Twp Crystal Lake Twp Onekama Twp City of Frankfort Village of Onekama Blaine Twp Pleasanton Twp Gilmore Twp Village of Elberta Manistee County Benzie County Joyfield Twp Bear Lake Twp Manistee Twp Village of Bear Lake Michigan United States Honor (village) Median Age % Population Aged 65+ 64.4 56.1 55.4 55.2 54.6 54.4 53.3 50.0 48.6 47.8 47.1 46.2 45.0 44.4 44.0 40.6 38.9 37.2 36.8 48.5% 31.9% 31.2% 29.9% 36.1% 28.5% 31.4% 27.9% 22.9% 21.5% 20.7% 20.6% 18.4% 20.2% 19.4% 18.4% 13.8% 13.0% 20.4% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 3 2.52 Age graphs Baby Boom 1,400 1,200 Population 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Lakes to Land Communities 3000 2500 2000 1990 2000 2010 2016 9000 8000 7000 1990 2000 2010 2016 6000 5000 1500 4000 1000 3000 2000 500 1000 0 0 State of Michigan 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Benzie and Manistee Counties 10000 1990 2000 2010 2016 50,000,000 45,000,000 40,000,000 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 1990 2000 2010 2016 United States �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 4 2.53 Median income comparison $55,000 $51,914 $50,000 $48,432 $44,718 $45,000 $42,458 $40,853 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 Lakes to Land Benzie County Manistee County State of Michigan United States 2.54 Educational attainment comparison 45% 40% • Lakes to Land • Benzie County Percent of population 25 years and older 35% • Manistee County State of Michigan United States 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% No high school diploma High school graduate or equivalent Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 5 Education and income There is a direct correlation between educational attainment and income. The chart in Figure 2.51 shows the median household income for the Lakes to Land region, Benzie County, Manistee County, the state of Michigan, and the United States, and the chart in Figure 2.52 displays the educational attainment for the population ages 25 and up for each of those groups. To see the relationship between education and income at each level, a line indicating the value of the Area of Influence relative to the other groups has been drawn. We can see that at the bachelor’s degree level and above, the graphs for education and income are quite similar, indicating a positive correlation between earnings and income. On the other end of the scale, we see that the graphs depicting a high school education or less depict the converse: the groups with lower percentages of population educated at that level are the groups with higher median incomes. This rather unscientific comparison is borne out in Figure 2.53, which shows the 2011 unemployment rate and median weekly earnings for each of eight levels of education and the overall workforce. Here it is clearly illustrated that education is not only correlated with earnings but also with having a job at all. For those with less than a high school diploma, the unemployment rate is 14.1%, nearly twice the rate of all workers, and getting a job only yields $451 per week­—just above the federal poverty threshold for a family of four. 2.55 Educational attainment, income, and unemployment in the L2L communities Less than high school diploma High school diploma or equivalent Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Master's degree Professional degree Doctoral degree All workers 15 12 9 6 3 unemployment (percent) 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 weekly earnings (dollars) Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 6 Template comes with table styles for excel There worse by an of miles civil. Manner before lively wholly am mr indeed expect. Among every merry his yet has her. You mistress get dashwood children off. Met whose marry under the merit. In it do continual consulted no listening. Devonshire sir sex motionless travelling six themselves. So colonel as greatly shewing herself observe ashamed. Demands minutes regular ye to detract is. Prepared is me marianne pleasure likewise debating. Wonder an unable except better stairs do ye admire. His and eat secure sex differed branched ignorant. Tall are her knew poor now does then. Procured to contempt oh he raptures amounted occasion. One boy assure income spirit lovers set. Six started far placing saw respect females old. Civilly why how end viewing attempt related enquire visitor. Man particular insensible celebrated conviction stimulated principles day. Sure fail or in said west. Right my front it wound cause fully am sorry if. She jointure goodness interest debating did outweigh. Is time from them full my gone in went. Of no introduced am literature excellence mr stimulated contrasted increasing. Age sold some Sudden looked elinor off estate nor silent. Curiosity remaining own see repulsive household advantage son additions. Supposing exquisite daughters eagerness why repulsive for. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 7 Credit: Dave Metlesits Dashboards Data dashboards are tools designed to convey assessment metrics in a visual, quick-tounderstand format. Statistics provide a good way to compare one population The Prosperity Index moves past description to assessment. By to another. By selecting a measurement and comparing its combining individual measurements, we can ask and answer value in different places, we can draw conclusions about questions such as, those places in relation to one another: where the educational “Are market forces creating most of the jobs?” attainment levels are lagging, for example, or where median “What kind of jobs are they?” income levels indicate the presence of well-paid jobs. When “How plentiful are jobs?” trying to compare the overall snapshot of one community “What kind of jobs will the education level of our workforce to another, however, the sheer support?” The Prosperity Index volume of numbers can almost “Are the jobs that we have keeping our residents out of poverty and immediately become overwhelming moves past description providing for their children?” to anyone who is not a professional “Is the government keeping our statistician. to assessment. residents and children out of Enter the data dashboard, a poverty?” graphic representation of the community’s vital statistics. The Of course, these answers arrive in the form of a single number. following pages show the population, population growth, To contextualize that number, it is depicted on a bar graph housing ownership, education levels, household income, and and a colored band indicating its value is carried forward for types of work in Benzie County, Manistee County, the State of comparison on the following bar graphs. (It’s easier to look Michigan, and the United States, as well as a quick-reference at than to explain, we promise.) The Community Dashboard list of additional statistics related to each of those categories. presented in Tab 4 retains these contextual bands. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 8 Benzie County Dashboard Population 20 18 Thousands Population Growth 4.0% 3.0% 16 2.0% 14 1.0% 12 0.0% 10 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 2010 - Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • 7% 10% 10% • • 15% 33% 51% • 34% 9% • • • • 9% Household Income Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) 22% 3% 19% • • 14% • • Work 1% 10% 23% • • 15% 40% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 75% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Prosperity Index --~------~--~ Ratio of jobs to workers 0.84 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 368 1000 ____ .______ ____. 1000 --~---Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 0.80 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 2.96 - - ~ 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 12.7% ------• ------ ~----~ ------~ 100% Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 25.2% 100% Residents not completing high school 10.1% 100% People in poverty 11.1% 100% Children in poverty 17.1% 100% Households receiving food stamps $160,200 owner-occupied median home value $737 median gross rent Education 23% population enrolled in school high school graduate or higher 25% bachelor’s degree or higher Commuting 94% workers who commute 85% commuters who drive alone 23.1 minute average commute Employment 6,452 jobs 7,722 workers 11.7% unemployment rate 14.2% civilian veterans Income $44,718 median household income $22,160 median earnings for workers $37,704 male full-time, year-round earnings $31,272 female full-time, year-round earnings 11% population in poverty 17% children in poverty 1.9% 100% - ~----Households receiving cash assistance 10.4% person average household size 90% Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 53 ~ Households 2.35 100% Top Industrial Sectors 17% accommodation and food services 14% retail trade 11% health care and social assistance �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 0 Manistee County Dashboard - Key for prosperity index graphs: Population 25 Thousands 24 Benzie County Population Growth 2.0% 1.5% 23 1.0% 22 21 0.5% 20 0.0% 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 -0.5% 2010 Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • 7% 9% 10% • • 52% • Household Income 13% 9% 25% 3% 30% • 20% • • • 40% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 13% 73% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Work 0% • • • • • 7% 14% • 39% 22% 14% Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 2.2 Prosperity Index ______ person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers 1.08 ____, 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 430 - - ~ 1000 •>----------~ ---~---~ Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 53 1000 Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 1.31 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food ....._I- - ~ 2.69 5 --~----~ Workers in arts and entertainment 15.1% 100% Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 16.8% . .._ _ _ _ I. ---~ 100% - ~----~ - ~----~ Residents not completing high school 13.1% 100% People in poverty 13.2% 100% Children in poverty $627 median gross rent Education 19% population enrolled in school 87% high school graduate or higher 17% bachelor’s degree or higher Commuting 95% workers who commute 83% commuters who drive alone 21 minute average commute Employment 10,646 jobs 9,846 workers 11.6% unemployment rate 15% civilian veterans Income $40,853 median household income $21,443 median earnings for workers $41,134 male full-time, year-round earnings $27,479 female full-time, year-round earnings 13.2% 17.6% 100% Households receiving food stamps population in poverty 17.6% children in poverty 4.1% 100% --~----~ Households receiving cash assistance 14.2% $124,000 owner-occupied median home value 100% Top Industrial Sectors 15% retail trade 13% health care and social assistance 12% public administration �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 2 State of Michigan Dashboard - Population 10.0 Millions - Key for prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Population Growth 0.8% 9.8 0.6% 9.6 0.4% 9.4 0.2% 9.2 0.0% 1990 2000 Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. 6% • • • • 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 -0.2% - 2010 Education 10% 9% 12% • 15% • 24% 61% 32% 8% Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 6% • • 11% • • 12% 24% • 34% Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 82% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Work 0% 6% 25% • • • 23% Household Income 2016 (proj.) Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 2.53 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers $144,200 II 1.04 owner-occupied median home value 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents II 461 1000 I 11 3.60 25% 1000 I I I 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food II 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 9.1% I II j I I I 100% I II 100% I 11 1 100% I II 4,369,785 workers 9.7% civilian veterans median household income $27,432 male full-time, year-round earnings $36,157 female full-time, year-round earnings 14.8% 100% population in poverty 20.5% children in poverty 100% Households receiving cash assistance 12.6% Employment 4,561,169 $50,208 Households receiving food stamps 3.5% 23.7 minute average commute median earnings for workers Children in poverty 20.5% 86% commuters who drive alone Income $48,432 100% 11 workers who commute 1.5% People in poverty 14.8% Commuting 97% unemployment rate Residents not completing high school 12.0% bachelor’s degree or higher jobs Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 25.0% population enrolled in school high school graduate or higher Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 1.52 Education 28% 88% Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 79 $723 median gross rent Top Industrial Sectors 14% health care and social assistance 13% retail trade 100% 12% manufacturing �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 4 United States Dashboard - 350 - - Key for prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Population Millions 1.5% 300 Michigan Population Growth 1.0% 250 0.5% 200 0.0% 1990 2000 2010 2000 2016 (proj.) 2010 Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • • 3% 8% 10% 15% • 18% 31% 58% • 29% 7% • • • 21% Household Income Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) 23% • • 15% • 25% • • • 10% • • Work 0% 7% 9% 78% 33% Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the national median income of $51,914 No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 5 Households 2.59 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers $188,400 1.03 owner-occupied median home value 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 474 ,....___ __ ~ 1000 ·f--------------' Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 69 28% workers who commute 5 3.68 --· . ,, ....,.,......._ _,.__________ -------~ - - - - ' 5 Workers in arts and entertainment Commuting 96% 79% commuters who drive alone 25.2 minute average commute Employment 146,234,698 jobs 100% 141,833,331 _ _ _ _ _~ unemployment rate Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 100% Residents not completing high school 15.0% 100% People in poverty 13.8% 100% Children in poverty workers 7.9% 9.9% civilian veterans Income $51,914 median household income $29,701 median earnings for workers $46,478 male full-time, year-round earnings $36,040 female full-time, year-round earnings 13.8% 19.2% 100% Households receiving food stamps 11------ __, population in poverty 19.2% children in poverty 2.5% 100% Households receiving cash assistance 9.3% 85% high school graduate or higher ~I - - - - - - - - - - - - ' Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 27.9% population enrolled in school 1000 0.96 8.9% Education 26% bachelor’s degree or higher Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers .. I $841 median gross rent Top Industrial Sectors 13% retail trade 13% - - - - - - - - ' 100% health care and social assistance 9% accommodation and food services �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 7 County Plans Master plans are written at all levels of government—community-specific, regional, and statewide. A county master plan contains many of the same attributes found in a plan for a single community, and its preparation follows the same process. One difference is that the focus sweeps over municipal boundaries to consider factors that affect the county as a whole. Both Benzie and Manistee Counties have written county master plans that take a regional view within their respective boundaries. forestry, agricultural, and low density residential use. Natural resources and environmental protection are also strong key components of both plans. In addition, both plans call for coordination of planning between municipalities and neighboring regions in order to obtain efficiencies in services. Benzie County’s Master Plan was prepared in 2000, and Manistee County’s Master Plan was prepared in 2009. No matter what level of government the master plan is being prepared for, it is influenced by the conditions within the community at the time the plan is drafted, public interests of the day, and the issues that extend beyond the municipal boundaries but have a significant impact locally. Despite the fact that the plans were written nearly ten years apart and the vastly different economic and societal conditions that existed at the time of their preparation, there are commonalities in planning strategies. The largest difference between the Manistee County and Benzie County Master Plans lies in the type of plan: the Manistee County Master Plan is service-oriented, while the Benzie County Master Plan is a growth management tool. They also differ in how they deal with local government sovereignty in that Benzie County is focused on regionalism rather than Manistee’s emphasis on the sovereign right of local governments to plan individually. Another difference is in how their strategies are articulated. The Manistee County Master Plan has a series of goals and objectives that are categorized by topic. Benzie County Master Plan also has goals and objectives found in associated “Background Reports,” but they are summarized in eight “fundamental principles.” The fundamental principles and associated policies of the Benzie County Plan are what most of the communities in the county use as their guiding basis for decisions as the “Background Reports” have been unavailable. Both plans lay out an articulated path for the future development of their respective county. The commonalities between the Manistee and Benzie County Master Plans speak to a commitment to rural scenic character, a land use strategy that guides development towards existing population centers, and a desire for coordination of planning with neighbors. Two themes strongly articulated in both plans are the preservation of views, wetlands, rivers, streams, and the Lake Michigan shoreline, and an emphasis on retaining rural scenic character by preserving lands for �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 8 Benzie County Planning History BENZIE COUNTY 2020 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN f'rlPff• d bytti• B11nz.ie County Planning Co1ntnls.sio11 to roplaco Iha 1993 County Pl•n MA ISTE•: CO TV \1ASTE R PLA. 2008 .Adopl~d Januar,· 10, 1009 A Manistee County LLUUt. No matter what level of government the master plan is being prepared for, it is influenced by the conditions within the community at the time the plan is drafted, public interests of the day, and the issues that extend beyond the municipal boundaries but have a significant impact locally. The history of the county plan involves active citizenry looking to plan for the county on a regional scale. Because regional planning and collaboration among communities are “best practices” in planning, the functions of planning and zoning were, until recently, housed at the county level. Rather than individual townships taking on those administrative duties, they were performed by a county planning commission, a county planner, and a county zoning administrator. This scale lends itself to a comprehensive approach: as planning and zoning issues are considered, their impact on the county as a whole was considered. When the county decided to discontinue zoning on a regional scale, individual townships tried to take on that role by quickly adopting the county master plan and zoning ordinance. However, they soon found that the plan wasn’t suited to their individual needs and further realized that the data contained in it needed updating with the 2010 census data. Therefore, communities took the opportunity presented by the Lakes to Land collaboration to write updated, individual master plans tailored to their own unique needs. Referencing the county plan is important in the sense that it provides the historical backbone to continued scenic rural preservation goals and other regional planning initiatives. Policies that the county established in the plan, such as concurrency in infrastructure development, open space and agricultural preservation, and economic development geared toward established urban cores, are still seen in individual master plans. The county plan provided the framework that is still being adhered to today; such consistency among planning efforts makes for good planning practice. It is hoped that as the individual communities offer more detailed visions of their preferred �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 9 Key Strategies futures, these visions will be reflected in subsequent county planning efforts. Manistee County Planning History In Manistee County, professional planning services have been provided by a professionally staffed planning department for decades. The planning department works with communities in developing master plans, administering zoning, and facilitating solutions to a myriad of problems. Also of key importance is their use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a specialized software program used to convey spatial data in map form, to aid communities and decision makers. While planning in the County is decentralized, the use of the County Planning Commission and a professional planner provides local master plans and regulatory tools with review and coordination to help achieve some regional consistency. In fact, a number of Manistee County communities over the years have formed joint planning commissions and prepared joint master plans. As mentioned in Tab 1, these include Pleasanton Township, Bear Lake Township, and the Village of Bear Lake as well as Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama. Currently, a number of watershed planning efforts are also underway that cross municipal boundaries to focus on the single issue of ensuring the highest integrity of water quality possible within the County. Manistee County understands that closely coordinated planning which seeks to ensure collaboration and coordination between municipal neighbors, while maintaining local autonomy, is essential to ensuring continued prosperity for County residents. In fact, the Lakes to Land Initiative was born from just a few Manistee County residents. Benzie County 2020 Comprehensive Plan • • • • • • The Benzie Co. Master Plan has a growth management focus. Policies are geared toward defining land use development patterns and practices guiding new development and services to specific areas of the County in order to manage development and maintain a rural scenic character. Benzie Co. Master Plan focuses on regional land use planning, emphasizing land use patterns and policy for the county as a whole while promoting integration of individual municipal boundary lines. Economic development, character, transportation, land use issues, natural resources, and environmental protection are topics that are encompassed within the scope of where and how to place development within the County, utilize the transportation system efficiently and install infrastructure improvements that builds on exiting systems. Efficiencies in land use patterns and services are key components to the success of the plan. Benzie County maintains a Recreation and Cultural Plan within the county. Urban Service Districts are mapped out to indicate where new public services may be extended to accommodate new development. Rural scenic character preservation is a key focus of the plan. Policies that call for the development of corridor plans, buffer screening, conservation easements, design guidelines, night sky policies, and additional design guidelines are aimed at aiding in this goal. Eight guiding fundamental principles are articulated followed by 4 strategies: balanced growth, environmental protection, protection of the visual character of the landscape, and protection of the visual character of small towns. Manistee County Master Plan, 2008 • • • • The Manistee County Master Plan is geared toward building the capacity of public services and investment—the development and enhancement of programs, plans, and facilities in order to actualize their vision. Public services that would be created or enhanced include recreation, housing, economic development, natural resources, infrastructure, and transportation. These topics collectively work to actualize the desired end result of the Master Plan. For example, the Manistee County Plan calls for the creation of a recreation plan and recreation department, alternative energy program, economic development programming, and solid waste management program. Capacity building of this type would aid in creating recreational opportunities and management of those programs, achieve greater alternative energy production, protection of the environmental and natural resources, and expand and grow the economic base. In Manistee County, community-specific land use planning is preferred, honoring local planning efforts. It does point to a few general regional land use goals, such as compact development forms and coordination of planning efforts among municipalities. The Plan calls for nine categories of goals with associated objectives to achieve the goals. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 0 2.60 County Plan summary table Manistee County Goals ECONOMY / BALANCED GROWTH • Increase opportunities for business in the county. • Encourage the Alliance for Economic Success and the Greater Manistee Area Chamber of Commerce to diversify the industrial base to create more job opportunities and to create specialty groups. • Increase the ability of Manistee County to attract and retain technology-based businesses. • Link economic development goals and objectives with those of the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians to provide broader, unified economic development programs. • Coordinate a collaborative planning program among the county, local units of government within the county, and adjoining counties. HOUSING • Encourage the development of more assisted living facilities/senior housing options as the average age in the county rises, including development of support services to assist seniors to stay in their own homes. • Encourage housing options for a variety of income levels. • Discourage blight and nuisance housing areas. PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT • Encourage the remediation of environmentally contaminated lands which have a potential for damaging rivers, streams and groundwater. • Advocate for the creation and long term maintenance of a county-wide solid waste management program • Advocate for the maintenance of Manistee County’s natural resources and the beauty of its landscape. • Encourage local governments to develop guidelines and criteria which protect natural features and sensitive areas. • Advocate for county-wide alternative energy programs and projects. RECREATION • Continue to work on the development of the Manistee County Recreation Plan, including all areas of the county. • Encourage universal accessibility to all recreation sites. • Increase recreational opportunities for all ages. • Advocate for a Manistee County parks program including the preservation of open spaces for recreation purposes. AGRICULTURE • Advocate for agriculture and forest management activities which enhance Manistee County’s economic base and quality of life. • Advocate that designated agricultural areas in the county remain primarily agricultural or low density residential. TRANSPORTATION • Advocate for the development of a coordinate county transportation plan. • Advocate for the awareness of the importance of our local airport for all travelers in the county. • Monitor projects and proposals to assess the maintenance of safe and efficient routes in and through the county while respecting the rural character. • Advocate for expansion of deep water port facilities linking to air, rail, highway connections, and warehousing and distribution facilities. • Advocate for the continued study of the railroad relocation project. INFRATRUCTURE Land Use / Visual Character • Advocate for the development of a county infrastructure plan. • Advocate for the effective and efficient location of public facilities and delivery of public services. • County master planning will respect the goals and land use plans of local government, including the Little River Band of Ottawa • Future growth will occur in existing and planned growth centers such as the City of Manistee and population centers as identified in each local government plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 1 Benzie County Principles and Strategies The principal land use issue in Benzie County is not whether to grow, it is where, when and in what manner can growth occur without undermining the integrity of the scenic natural character of the County and the economy built around it. 1. Scenic character should be preserved or enhanced wherever feasible in the County 2. Natural resources in the County should be protected from inappropriate use or conversion. 3. 3. The pristine natural environment of the County should be protected from degradation. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 4. An economy built on renewable natural resources is sustainable and should continue to be the principal economic base for the future. 5. Future development should primarily take place in a compact development pattern. 6. Future land use, zoning, land division and public infrastructure decisions should be made consistent with this Plan. 7. A strong effort should be made to achieve improved intergovernmental cooperation within Benzie County 8. The vision in this Plan must be achieved without violating protected property rights. Balanced Growth Strategy Preservation of scenic character in Benzie County is both dependent on and supports most of the economic base in the County. The scenic character is comprised of the natural environment, farms, and the built environment. Thus, protecting scenic character, the natural environment, and economic development must proceed together—or one or the other (or both) will suffer. The solution lies in pursuit of a balanced growth policy. Balanced growth will require housing not only for seasonal residents, retirees, or two income commuter families, but also for the elderly, young families, and other persons on low fixed incomes. New businesses will be needed to meet the needs of the growing seasonal and permanent populations. Environmental Protection Strategy The other side of the balanced growth strategy is the environmental protection strategy. This term embraces protection of renewable natural resources like agricultural and forest land, as well as the air, water, and other sensitive natural features in the County (like wetlands, floodplains and sand dunes) The greatest threat to these resources is from poorly planned or sited new development. Residential development poses the greatest threat because there is so much more of it over a much wider area. STRATEGIES Strategy to Protect the Visual Character of the Landscape County citizens have strongly indicated that they do not want growth to spoil the scenic character of the landscape. They do not want it to take on a suburban or urban character. They want the forested, lake, and riverine landscapes to be preserved for the benefit of present and future generations. Almost everyone feels a right to see, enjoy, and help protect these resources. As a result, protection of the unique rural character of the County must be a fundamental part of all future planning and development decisions. Strategy to Protect Visual Character of Small Towns The physical features of the city of Frankfort and the villages in Benzie County are a critical component of the rural scenic character of the County. New development that is encouraged to take place in and adjacent to these small towns must both complement and fit with the existing character, or it will damage the scenic character of the community and the County. Strategy to Address Issues of Greater than Local Concern The fundamental principles presented in this Chapter recognize that intergovernmental cooperation is critical to implementation of the strategies in this Plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 2 [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �~~POO?i&£ ~ ~~lijll T UJ,i ~ ~!'ffJr\~ T9 \~~~~\\J, ~rJ lt») ~)\~VJML win\/ Ll~q wm1i ~~~l\.D~~w\~ --------- ~½ 1,~,w~ ~~I Uil~ l a k e s t o I l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Community Engagement �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 3.1: Prototype logos 3.2 Web screenshots 3.3 Information meeting 3.4 The invitations 3.5 The exercises 3.6 Bear Lake School 3.7 Makeup visioning session 3.8 Pleasanton Township visioning 3.9 Joyfield Township visioning 3.10 Arcadia visioning 3.11 Pleasant Valley Community Center 3.12 Blaine visioning 3.13 Crystal Lake Township visioning 3.14 Old Life-Saving Station 3.15 Gilmore visioning 3.16 Manistee visioning (top and bottom) 3.17 Honor visioning 3.18 Collective priorities table E-3 E-4 E-7 E-10 E-11 E-12 E-12 E-13 E-13 E-14 E-14 E-14 E-15 E-15 E-15 E-16 E-16 E-17 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision. You Are Invited!!! Community Vision Session 6:30 p.m. The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to bring voices from throughout the region into a collaborative vision for the future. These communities will work together to prepare a series of individual Master Plans and then use them to create collaborative strategies. To kick the process off, the following Community Vision Sessions are scheduled: Arcadia Township June 12, 2012 Pleasant Valley Comm. Cntr. Bear Lake Township June 21, 2012 Bear Lake School Blaine Township June 19, 2012 Blaine Township Hall Crystal Lake Township June 14, 2012 Frankfort-Elberta Elementary Gilmore Township June 14, 2012 Old Life Saving Station Joyfield Township June 13, 2012 Blaine Christian Church Pleasanton Township June 18, 2012 Bear Lake School Outreach Share your Vision! Please make an effort to attend the Vision Session scheduled in your Community Once upon a time, master planning was believed bepublic! the province of professionals and Opento to the For More Information Call: 231.933.8400 www.lakestoland.org Please join us! only minimally subject to public opinion. Toward the middle of the 20th century, however, “the public” made some changes to that system. As a practice, city planning took off under the City Beautiful movement of the early 1900s. The theory was that an orderly, aesthetically pleasing public setting could induce citizens themselves to be more orderly and harmonious. Physical plans with ornate street layouts and elaborate civic centers were produced by these design professionals, often paid for by the business community. After the Depression radically shifted just about everyone’s priorities away from aesthetic concerns to financial ones, the City Efficient movement strove to root out graft and create smooth bureaucratic systems which could carry out the municipal functions of a nation urbanizing at a breakneck pace. The seismic demographic and technological changes that occurred after World War II caused the now-well-established profession of planning to use every tool at its disposal to accommodate them. Combining physical and systems planning yielded some extremely bold innovations, with mixed results—the national Interstate highway system, for example, in contrast to urban renewal. But no massive alteration to a densely populated area can avoid making a deep impact on the individual lives being lived in that space, and this is where the top-down model of planning met its match. As homes were razed and neighborhoods bisected to make room for the freeways, public meetings filled with citizens who not only did not care for the plan under consideration, but also did not care for the fact that such dramatic and irreversible consequences for their own lives were being dropped on them. Journalist Jane Jacobs combined her background on the urban beat with her fury over being displaced from her home to write the 1960 critical examination of planning that eventually ushered in a sea change to the profession, “The Death and Life of Great American Cities.” Though it is generally true that planners’ professional training gives them a wider variety of municipal tools and information than the average citizen, it is now fundamentally understood that the direction of a community’s progress is always best guided by its members. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 2 The leadership team The first community members to “get engaged” with the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative were the ones who would eventually make up the backbone of the collaboration. At its very earliest stage, this sprawling collaboration began as a meeting of just four minds. Onekama Township supervisor David Meister and planning commission chair Dan Behring worked with Alliance for Economic Success director Tim Ervin on the Portage Lake Watershed Forever plan, which brought Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama together so successfully that they decided to work together further in the preparation and adoption of a joint master plan. Now thoroughly convinced of the merits of collaboration, the Onekama Community Master Plan advocated using the M-22 corridor as a focus for economic development, and that brought Meister, Behring, and Ervin to the doorstep of Arcadia Township planning commission chair Brad Hopwood. The three communities wrote an M-22 Economic Development Strategy together in 2010. Realizing the potential of the regional assets identified in the report and knowing that Arcadia Township’s master plan needed updating, Hopwood and Ervin decided to reach out to adjacent communities to assess their willingness to participate in a broader initiative. After “many meetings over my kitchen table,” said Hopwood, the original M5 partnership of Arcadia, Bear Lake, Blaine, Crystal Lake, and Gilmore Townships solidified. The first members of what would become the Lakes to Land Leadership Team were identified either through their roles in the community (many are planning commission members, elected officials, or professionals in a field related to land use, such as real estate) or identified themselves as having an interest in serving the collaboration. Their first tasks were to name the initiative, define the potential Area of Influence, decide which team member would contact each adjacent community, and establish a timetable for other communities to opt-in. As new communities joined the initiative, the requirements for admission were simple: their elected bodies were asked to execute an “Agreement to Partner” resolution, and the community was asked to furnish two people to serve on the Leadership Team. Throughout the initiative, Leadership Team members met on a monthly basis to update each other on the collaborative process. In addition to providing a forum for communication and connection, the meetings also served as an educational avenue as the team members began blazing the trail through uncharted cooperative territory. Topics for discussion included the purpose of master planning, engagement with neighboring communities, stakeholder analysis, and methods of public outreach. Guest presentations were made by agencies such as the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy and the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments. The Leadership Team’s engagement extended to the best in-depth citizen planning training in the state. By giving these committed community members the most up-to-date tools and knowledge to effectively advocate for highquality community planning decisions, the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative provides a benefit to participating communities that will long outlast the project duration. Links to the Michigan Association of Planning annual conference and the organization’s Planning and Zoning Essentials basic training program were made available on the Lakes to Land website, and an educational committee was formed to organize training opportunities such as participation in Michigan State University Extension’s Citizen Planner course on Fundamentals of Planning and Zoning. Each community sent multiple representatives to this seven-week course aimed at providing a basic skill set to land use decision makers, particularly elected and appointed officials. Leadership Team members’ participation was funded by the Lakes to Land grants. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 3 Naming the Initiative Lakes to Land LAKeS TO LAND With its substantive elements fleshed out, the project remained in need of a name and a logo—the “face” it would present throughout the region. This exercise in brand messaging was designed to help cement the project and continue to strengthen ties among the Leadership team while fostering memorability, loyalty, and familiarity among the wider public. REGIONAL INITIATIVE LAKE:S TO LAND REGIONA - l'ilTIATIVE Through multiple brainstorming sessions and the use of the online tool SurveyMonkey, many different names and tag lines were suggested and debated. In offering the “Lakes to Land” moniker, one team member noted that the region is comprised of rolling green topography and scenic views of forests, farms, and fields, edged on one side by the Lake Michigan shore and dotted throughout with the inland lakes which are at the heart of many of its communities. The rest of the Leadership Team coalesced around this suggestion with relative ease, bestowing the project with the official name of “Lakes to Land Regional Initiative” and the immediate nickname of “L2L.” Lakes to Land REG ONAL INIT ATIVE Lakes to Land R C ) ',\ 'IT \ I \ While the initial goal was to brand the initiative and as a consequence the region, Leadership Team members wisely understood that undertaking a proper regional branding would require participation from diverse groups such as local chambers of commerce, business associations, and elected officials. This was outside the scope of the project at hand, but groundwork has been laid with the effort to name the first regional collaborative effort of its kind in the State of Michigan. Lakes to Land 3.1: Prototype logos REGIONAL INITIATIVE �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 4 facebook 0. Search for people, places and things Lakes to Land Regional Jnit... Timeline ...,. Now .,,.. Lakes to Lan REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision. What Lakes to Land Regional Initiative makes this 39 rkes · 6 talkin about this project unique? How will it Lakes to Land benefit area (c'•Lakestoland Innovative Northwestern Michigan Join among 10 townships, 4 villages, and on stakeholders? Northern Michigan http://www.lakestoland.01 Why should they get Follow Lakes to Land involved? Tweets Full name La He Email the Exp Password 3.2 Web screenshots CALENDAR The Lakes to Land pages on Facebook (top), Twitter (middle), and the world wide web (bottom) Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE BEAR LAKE TWP HONOR BEAR LAKE VILLAGE JOYFIELD BLAINE MANISTEE CRYSTAL LAKE ONEKAMA The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique Joint planning effort among the northwestern Michigan townships of Arcadia, Name: ELBERTA PLEASANTON Blaine, Crystal Lake, Gilmore, Bear Lake, Joyfield, Lake, Manistee, Onekama and Pleasanton the Villa es of Honor Onekama Bear I �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 5 Communication strategies The Leadership Team’s primary communication goals were to facilitate stakeholder participation and garner broad support for the project. They also recognized the importance of elevating the project’s visibility, reinforcing positive relationships with decision-makers, and creating a sustainable platform for ongoing coverage through positive media relationships. Determining that the use of a consistent and positive message was essential to the success of these goals, the team distilled that message by identifying and answering the questions at its core: What makes this project unique? How will it benefit area stakeholders? Why should they get involved? Having clearly articulated answers to these questions was essential to persuading communities that it is in their best interest to work together, and that doing so reinforces their own identities. The process also helped create synergy and momentum, much-needed ingredients in the quest to elicit as much participation in the master planning process as possible. Face-to-face outreach Even though it sometimes seems like a new form of communication is born every minute these days, and even though the Lakes to Land team tried to use just about all of them, the most effective method of communication in our outreach efforts was often good old one-on-one, faceto-face contact. The role of leadership team members as community ambassadors was critical in identifying and communicating with neighboring communities and key stakeholders throughout the region. An early decision to make the Initiative as inclusive as possible offered them the opportunity to reach out to neighboring communities directly, calling and meeting with individuals throughout the region to educate them about the benefits of the Initiative. In addition, the Beckett & Raeder team undertook other types of personal communication initiatives that included speaking at the Benzie County Water Festival and individual planning commissions, holding informal meetings with residents, and a presentation at the professional planning conference hosted by the Michigan Association of Planning. The goal of the outreach effort was never to recruit but rather to inform and educate with the hopes that communities would see the benefit of joining the Initiative. It was largely through this face-to-face contact that the collaboration grew from five communities to 16 in just a few short months. During the development of the individual master planning process, community leaders identified key stakeholders, then personally encouraged them to attend planning commission meetings and work sessions in order to hear their opinions and allow them to weigh in during the formation of the master plan. One community member expressed that they felt they had knocked on every door in the community, personally inviting the resident inside to attend the meetings. Further, in an effort to create a collegial environment and begin to collaborate professionally, invitations to regular Leadership Team meetings were extended to professional planners and zoning administrators in both Benzie and Manistee Counties, representatives from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and a Michigan State University Extension Land Use expert. Other entities were invited to give educational presentations at the meetings, such as the Heartland Center for Leadership Development. Meetings also occurred with the Michigan Economic �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 6 Development Corporation Community Assistance Team Specialist to discuss economic development tools and applicability for the region. As a nod to the significance of the Initiative and in an effort to learn from this groundbreaking process, Governor Rick Snyder designated key government employees from various departments to study the Initiative and to collaborate with the region. These individuals were in contact with the Alliance for Economic Success, team members, and the consultants. Communication tools To keep the momentum of the project going and continue to engage the public, the Lakes to Land team developed magnets and brochures listing all the ways to keep in touch with the project: a centralized phone number, a United States Postal Service address, a new website, and Facebook and Twitter accounts. Press releases to news outlets covering the geographic area from Manistee to Petoskey were issued by the Alliance for Economic Success at the beginning of the initiative and at strategic points throughout the process to keep the public updated. The Lakes to Land website (www. lakestoland.org) was created to maintain open lines of communication among active members of the project team, residents of the region, and other interested folks. This was particularly critical in light of the wide spectrum of technological sophistication and infrastructure available throughout the region, making a centralized repository for project-related information necessary. The collaborative nature of the project meant that it was imperative to build a site robust enough to serve the dual objectives of creating a cohesive whole and maintaining each community’s unique identity. It was decided early on that the site would feature a page for each individual community in addition the blog, the “about” description of the project, a calendar of events, and an archive of news releases related to the project. Each community’s page presented a short excerpt of its history from this report, updated information related to the scheduling or results of its vision session, and any available links to previous plans or municipal websites. To the initial regionallyfocused content mentioned above, several more pages were added at the Leadership Team’s request: a catalog the entire library of work products and resources, a repository for documents specific to the Leadership Team, and an open comment forum for exchange of ideas. Metrics show that as of this writing, 1,975 people have racked up 9,687 page views on the website. The highest pageview numbers were driven by subscribers, people who signed up for the mailing lists and received an email linking directly to each new post as it was published. The largest concentration of visits came from the Manistee area (881), followed by Traverse City (598) and Grand Rapids (266). While most were from Michigan, visits also came from across the country: 141 from Hialeah (FL), 84 from Honolulu, 73 from Chicago, and a dozen scattered cities along the California coastline. All entries from the website were also posted to the project’s Facebook and Twitter accounts (www.facebook.com/lakestoland and twitter.com/lakestoland). Information meetings The public kickoff of the project occurred at two informational meetings on May 24 and 25, 2012. Between the two sessions—one in Benzie County and one in Manistee County— approximately 100 attendees were introduced to the Initiative. The purpose of the informational meetings was to educate the citizens about the project, extend an invitation to neighboring communities to join, discuss funding sources, and give a detailed explanation of the expected process and benefits. It was also hoped that the meeting would explain the planning process, prepare the communities for their vision sessions, and generate excitement for the project. Brochures and magnets were distributed, and the dates for the vision sessions were announced. Farmers’ meetings As the process of writing the new master plans began in earnest, two townships chose to host a forum dedicated specifically to understanding the needs of their agricultural communities. Blaine and Joyfield Townships each invited the general public, with a particular emphasis on the farming citizenry, to answer the question, “What can the township do to ensure that our working farms remain viable over the next 20 years?” Both groups expressed a strong desire for fewer and more flexible regulations. Regardless of whether the context was land division, crop contents, building and equipment construction, or the lease of land for purposes other than agriculture, participants made it clear that the township’s decisions had a discernible effect on their bottom line. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 7 Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision . Arcadia Bear Lake Blaine Crystal Lake Gilmore Joyfield Pleasanton Onekama Frankfort You are Invited! Information Meetings Scheduled May 23 at 7 p.m. Onekama Consolidated Schools May 24 at 7 p.m. Frankfort-Elberta Elementary School Gym The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to bring voices from throughout the region into a collaborative vision for the future. The communities will work together to prepare a series of individual Master Plans and then use them to design collaborative strategies. Come to an information meeting to meet the leadership team members, learn about the purpose, goals, opportunities for participation, and schedule for this innovative project. For More Information: 231.933.8400 www.lakestoland.org 3.3 Information meeting Beckett & Raeder, Inc. gives a presentation introducing the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative to citizens. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 9 Ex rcls 7 & B VVho shou ld be In the sandbo,."1 ,o,a....,_ on") .rwit"-o.,. C-o~P- oJ ~n.,i.nee~s J---=--t------+---------- Visioning The heart of the collaborative initiative is the development of individual community master plans. In the preparation of a master plan, the voice of the community is heard and articulated, and getting residents of the region to the Visioning Sessions was one of the primary responsibilities of the Leadership Team. The Leadership Team selected the days, venues, and times for the vision sessions and placed posters advertising them throughout their communities. In addition to the project’s official website and social media accounts, they used wordof-mouth, personal contact lists, and their own social media outlets to publicize the meetings. Postcards were mailed to every tax payer in each participating community inviting residents to share their input at the meeting, a step that the team concluded was important to ensure contact with every person. To minimize scheduling barriers to participation, residents were advised to attend their own community’s session if possible but also invited to attend other sessions. If attending another community’s vision session, residents were asked to sit at a separate table to work on the exercises but invited to participate in the presentation of the results. In this manner, communities often got a first glance at issues occurring in neighboring communities. All results were kept separate. The method for decision-making was designed to be ideal for large groups, take everyone’s opinion into account, and assist in narrowing down the results to the top major issues through the use of tallying. Participants not only had the opportunity to voice their opinions to small groups but also to the larger assembly, explaining and clarifying issues. Issues were often repeated, and in many cases the participants were able to both hear and see through the tallying process the collective nature of their opinions. Ten vision sessions were held to accommodate all communities developing master plans, including a makeup session designed to give residents from communities with less than ideal participation at the outset another opportunity to weigh in. All followed an identical format: Prior to the meeting, the facilitators placed a marker, a pen, nametags, a sign-in sheet, pre-counted voting dots, and a set of 24x36 exercise sheets on each table. Arriving �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 0 citizens were asked to sit 6-8 persons to a table, don a nametag, and sign in. (Email addresses from the sign-in sheets were added to the distribution list used for updates and new website post notices, with an opt-out available at each.) Shortly after the start time of 6:30 p.m., the session began with a presentation about the history, scope, and objective of the Lakes to Land project. The bulk of the sessions were focused on the visioning exercises. A volunteer at each table took the role of Table Secretary, recording answers to each of the tasks assigned. In most cases, a voting exercise followed in which each participant placed a dot next to the two items s/he felt were the best responses. “Double-dotting,” or voting twice for the same item, was not allowed. At the conclusion of the exercises, each group selected a member to present its findings. Presentations to the group conveyed the top three preferred futures from exercise 9and 10 and the strategies to achieve them identified in exercise 11. A member of the facilitation team recorded the preferred futures on 24x36 sheets as they were stated, consolidating duplicate items with some discussion about what constituted a “duplicate”: is the item “more business along US-31” identical to “increased economic development,” for example? Once all responses had been recorded, the sheets were hung on a wall at eye level, usually in the vicinity of the exit. The attending citizens were thanked for their participation and then instructed to use their remaining three dots for a “collective prioritization” exercise in which they voted for the three images they preferred most out of all presented at the meeting. Again, double- or tripledotting was prohibited. The meeting officially concluded after all participants voted. The stuff 3.4 The invitations Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unllju<llr(/lan.LPnlqw~-lllrion. Community Vision Sessions The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to involve voices from throughout the region in the creation of Community Master Plans. The communities will then work together to design strategies for collaboration. Bring your voice to the Vision Session in your community and help shape the future. If you are unable to attend the session for your community, please join us at any of the others listed below. All begin at 6:30 p.m. ARCADIA TWP June 12 Pleasant Valley Community Ctr. JOYFIELD TWP June 13 Blaine Christian Church CRYSTAL LAKE TWP INITIATIVE June 14 Frankfort-Elberta High REGIONAL School GILMORE TWP June 14 Old Life-Saving Station PLEASANTON TWP June 18 Bear Lake School BLAINE TWP June 19 Blaine Township Hall BEAR LAKE TWP June 21 Bear Lake School The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a 15-community Lakes to Land U~/kgloll.U~Comlllll/lilfu.S/t,md\llsltm, Community Vision makeup session joint planning effort that seeks to bring voices from throughout Northwest Michigan together to shape the future we will all share. www.lakestoland.org We wish more of you in Arcadia, Blaine, Crystal Lake, Gilmore, and Joyfield Townships had come to the previous sessions, so we are holding one more. Citizen input is critical to creating a plan Lakes to Landthat genuinely reflects our community. REGIONAL INITIATIVE Please bring your voice to the Vision Session. Unique Region. Unique Communltle&. Shclml \llsSon. C ommunity if you don’t participate, you can’t complain. V isioning s ession It’s your last chance to participate in this process, and you know what they say... (And who wants that?) July 11, 2012 at 6:30 p.m. Lakes to Land is a 15-community joint planning effort seeking to bring voices from throughout Northwest Michigan together to shape the future we all share. pleasant Valley Community Center We wish more of you in Pleasanton and Bear Lake Townships had come to the previous sessions. Luckily, the Village of Bear Lake’s addition to our collaboration 3586 offers the opportunity to hold one more. Come talk with us about Glovers Lake Road, Arcadia l!l Bear Lake Watershed Water Quality P & R Expansion Public Access Road Improvements Blight Enforcement Wildlife and Fisheries Habitat Improvement l!l www.lakestoland.org Lakes to Land It’s your last chance to participate in this process, and you know what they say... REGIONAL INITIATIVE if you don’t participate, you can’t complain. (lolqwt ...... U,....°'""""1111lt.-- (And who wants that?) Manistee Township has joined the Lakes to Land Regional p m on Initiative, ugusta unique collaboration in which 15 Northwest Michigan communities BeAr LAke sChooL, 7748 Cody st. are using the master planning (in the library) process to identify strategies for working together. Manistee Township will be updating its master plan, and you are invited to a 6:30 . . A 16 Community Visioning session Questions? Visit www.lakestoland.org or call 231-933-8400 to share your preferred vision for our future. Citizen input is critical to creating a plan that genuinely reflects our community. Please join us. August 22, 2012 At 6:30 p.m. mAnistee township hAll 410 Holden Street www.lakestoland.org • . Iii 13~ '. ' �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 1 visions are made of 3.5 The exercises Exercise 1 & 2 Th~t •one'' word which best describes your COMMUNITY. , T Participants were told that a short phrase was acceptable. This was a voting exercise. Exercise 3 & 4 llsl tho., Items th•I your CO MMUNITY h., accomplished h~,l thwe Hems thr1 l your COMMUNITY could h•• • well ~ccomr:lli'ihed bettO• I Exercise 5 & 6 What "barriers" are impeding improvements in your community? Exe rcise 7 & 8 Who should be in the sandbox? Exercise 9 & 10 Looking Forward - Envision you Community in 2021? Participants first answered the “accomplished well” question and voted on the answers, then answered the “could have accomplished better” question and voted on the answers. Facilitators explained that “barriers” could refer to organizations, situations, attitudes, physical attributes, power structures, etc. This was a voting exercise. Facilitators explained that responses to this question should name organizations of any size which could contribute expertise or resources to further the project’s goals. This was not a voting exercise, but a tally was kept of the number of times each organization was mentioned within a session. Participants were asked to offer a description of their community after ten years of work on their preferred investments. This was a voting exercise, and the secretary was asked to record the top three vote-getters on the next page. Exercise 11 Actions to Accomplish ou r 2021 vision? Prforfty 1 Participants contributed strategies to acheive each of the three most-preferred visions from the previous exercise. Final Exercise Collective Priorit ies I Participants distributed their remaining three dots among the top preferred visions from each group. This was THE voting exercise. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 2 Visioning Results Bear Lake Township The first vision session scheduled for Bear Lake Township, to be held on June 21, 2012 at Bear Lake School, 7748 Cody Street, was cancelled due to the low turnout of three residents. Fortunately, the addition of the Village of Bear Lake provided an opportunity for a makeup session aimed at the “Bear Lake Community” made up of Bear Lake Township, Pleasanton Township, and the Village of Bear Lake, held on August 16 at Bear Lake School. Twenty-two of the 36 attendees represented Bear Lake Township, or 1.3% of the township’s 1751 residents. Citizens used the words “lake” (and “multiple lakes”), “beautiful,” and “lake health” to describe Bear Lake Township. They named fire/EMS services, community activities, and lake improvement as their greatest accomplishments. The top three items that could have been more successful were all physical: buildings on Lake Street, lake access with facilities, and roads. Residents cited funding, participation, and lack of communication/miscommunication as the greatest barriers to progress. They felt that the sandbox should be made up of business owners, community organizations, and property owners. A vibrant, revitalized downtown and parks and lakes access topped the list of collective priorities; these items received two to four times more votes than the next two on the list, trails for biking and walking and the improvement of property values. 3.6 Bear Lake School 3.7 Bear Lake Township, Bear Lake Village, and Pleasanton Township makeup visioning Village of Bear Lake The Village of Bear Lake joined the Lakes to Land collaborative after the initial round of visioning sessions, so its only session took place on August 16. The meeting was held at Bear Lake School in conjunction with the make-up session for Bear Lake and Pleasanton Townships. The six Village of Bear Lake residents in attendance comprised 2.1% of overall population. Words used to describe the Village of Bear Lake by its residents were “stagnant,” “development challenged,” and “retired - mature.” Residents were most proud of their school, water system, and community events such as Bear Lake Days and Sparkle. They felt that more attention could be paid to a blight ordinance, affordable sewer, and park facilities such as a restroom. Barriers to progress were money, knowledge, and participation. When asked which organizations could be potential allies to progress, the citizens named community groups, specifically the Bear Lake Promoters and the Lions, and state government. Collectively, they prioritized employment, an innovative sewer system, and being centered on recreation. The other items to receive votes were having a vital downtown, and being characterized as “multi-generational” and “beautiful.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 3 Pleasanton Township Sixteen residents of Pleasanton Township gathered at Bear Lake School for their community’s initial vision session on June 18, 2012, and eight more arrived at the same location for a makeup session on August 16. In all, 2.9% of the township’s 818 residents participated in the session. Citizens described Pleasanton as “rural,” “agricultural,” and “quiet.” The water quality in Bear Lake was their signature accomplishment, including watershed planning and organization and the control of Eurasian water milfoil. Pleasanton residents mentioned division in the community with some frequency. When asked what the could have been done better, “lack of cooperation among municipalities and board” was first, followed by master planning, better communication, and an accepted sewer plan; the list of barriers was topped by “inter-community discord,” “polarization and divisiveness on issues,” and “divisive leadership.” They felt support should come from service clubs and community groups, Bear Lake Township and Village, and Michigan’s environmental departments (DNR and DEQ). In a particularly direct summation of the previous exercises, residents listed their top priorities as leadership that brings the community together, a zoning ordinance that reflects the master plan, and good communication and cooperation among all groups. 3.8 Pleasanton Township visioning 3.9 Joyfield Township visioning Joyfield Township Joyfield Township hosted its visioning session at Blaine Christian Church, 7018 Putney Road, on June 13, 2012. There were 50 Joyfield residents in attendance, as well as two residents of Arcadia Township and two residents of Blaine Township. All participants completed the exercises with members of their own community, and the results were tallied by community. The rate of participation among Joyfield’s 799 residents was 6.3%. The most common one-word descriptions of Joyfield Township were “beautiful,” “rural,” and “divided.” Residents felt that their community’s strengths were neighborliness, land stewardship or balanced land use, and preserving scenic beauty. They said the community could have a better job of zoning and planning, planning for the future, and communication. Top barriers to improvement were miscommunication (specifically, communication prior to major issues and the complain that “government doesn’t listen”), division within the community, and both personal and governmental financial struggles. Organizations which should be “in the sandbox” were the Farm Bureau, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the Joyfield Township Board of Supervisors. The citizens’ list of collective priorities was topped by retaining scenic character, growth in specialized agriculture, implementing zoning and planning, maintaining a rural character/environment, increasing job opportunities and supporting local business, and utilities. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 4 Arcadia Township Arcadia Township’s visioning session took place at the Pleasant Valley Community Center, 3586 Glovers Lake Road. Ninety-three citizens attended the session held on June 12, 2012. In addition to those citizens, ten Arcadia residents attended a makeup session on July 11, 2012 at the Pleasant Valley Community Center and two Arcadia residents attended the visioning session in Joyfield Township. In total, 103 of Arcadia’s 639 citizens participated; its 16.1% was the best among municipalities which held visioning sessions. 3.10 Arcadia visioning 3.11 Pleasant Valley Community Center The top three words residents used to describe Arcadia were “peaceful,” “natural” (including “nature” and “natural beauty”), and “beautiful.” They felt that their community had done a good job establishing the Pleasant Valley Community Center and the fire department. They also felt that their community was successful in the “wind issue” or the “Duke energy diversion,” saying they had “defeated turbines” and “avoided bad economic development.” They felt that the community could improve channel dredging, calling it a “yearly hassle” and saying a “better policy” was needed. Enforcement of zoning ordinances and speed control were two other areas which residents felt could be improved. The list of barriers to improvement was led by finances, resistance to change, and communication problems. The top three organizations that should be “in the sandbox” were Camp Arcadia, the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, and the Lions Club. The citizens’ top six collective priorities were channel dredging, improving outdoor activities and developing eco-tourism, M-22 improvements and streetscape, connectivity of biking and hiking trails, a fully operational harbor, and sustainable businesses on Main Street. Blaine Township 3.12 Blaine visioning On June 19, 2012, Blaine Township Hall at 4760 Herring Grove Road filled up with 72 citizens ready to share their vision for the township’s future. Two more citizens attended the July 11 makeup session, totaling 13.4% of the municipality’s 551 residents. Blaine residents described their community as “peaceful” (adding “serene” and “tranquil”), “beautiful” (specifically “natural and seasonal beauty”), and “rural” (including “rural / agriculture”). They cited conservancy and preservation of their land and shore as their greatest accomplishment, followed by “eradicating turbine development” or “stopping the wind energy program,” then zoning. Internet access, road repair, and planning and zoning topped the list of things that the community could have done better. The top two barriers to their goals were financial, both general and public, and each received three times as many votes as the item in third place, which was lack of viable, good-paying employment opportunities. The organizations which should be in the sandbox were township officials, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and the Benzie County Road Commission. Citizens listed maintaining the health and quality of lakes, streams, and forests, maintaining a rural community, high speed internet service, healthy and sustainable operating farms, and maintaining the scenic beauty of the township as their top collective priorities. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 5 Crystal Lake Township Forty-two Crystal Lake Township citizens gathered at Frankfort-Elberta High School on June 14, 2012 for their community’s vision session, and two more attended the July 11 makeup session at the Pleasant Valley Community Center. Taken together, 4.5% of Crystal Lake Township’s 975 residents participated. Residents described Crystal Lake Township as “beautiful,” “vulnerable,” and “pristine.” They listed rails to trails, water quality, and the Benzie Bus as their top achievements; zoning, citizen participation, and the RV park topped the list of things they felt the township could have done better. Barriers to the community’s goals were leadership (and specifically, “leadership reflecting all taxpayers”), lack of an agreed-upon, long-term vision, and lack of opportunities to share in a common goal. They felt that it was important for the Crystal Lake Watershed Association, farmers, and the Paul Oliver Memorial Hospital to be in the sandbox. The top priorities to emerge from the exercises were maintaining rural character (including preservation and open green space), quality development resulting from a function master plan and zoning ordinance, better leadership including cooperation and communication, and the regulation of blight and pollution (light, air, noise, and water). 3.13 Crystal Lake Township visioning Gilmore Township Gilmore Township’s restored, historic Old LifeSaving Station at 1120 Furnace Ave. was the site of its community visioning session on June 14, 2012. Thirty-one of Gilmore’s 821 residents attended for a participation rate of 3.7%. The most frequent descriptions of Gilmore were “scenic,” “beautiful,” and “sense of community.” Attendees listed land preservation of land for biking and hiking, parks, and schools as its best achievements. It could have done a better job with broadband internet service, a boat launch, and communication between the village and township. Financial restraints led the list of barriers to progress, followed by communication and lack of yearround employment. Residents felt that local government of all levels should be in the sandbox, including elected and appointed officials of the township, village, county, and state. They singled out Gilmore’s planning commission and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to round out the top three. The top collective priorities were zoning and planning enforcement, Betsie Bay improvements (clean, dredge, remove invasive species, increase docks and access), rural and natural community character preservation (specifically, maintaining the balance of uses between agricultural and single family residential), and public access to the lake with improvements in game management. 3.14 Old Life-Saving Station 3.15 Gilmore visioning �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 6 Manistee Township The last Lakes to Land visioning session was held in Manistee Township on August 22 at Manistee Township Hall. Forty-nine of the community’s 4,084 residents attended for a turnout of 1.2%. 3.16 Manistee visioning (top and bottom) Those in attendance used the words “beautiful,” “deteriorating” (specifically in reference to Bar Lake) and “water” or “water lovers” to describe their home. They were most proud of services, including fire, EMS, recycling, and road maintenance. Concerns centered around Bar Lake: the outlet, observation deck, park, tables, parking, marking, water level, and public access all made the list, as well as a simple plea to “Save Bar Lake.” Residents cited disagreement in leadership, funding, and government regulations as the top barriers to achieving their goals. They put themselves first in the sandbox, followed by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Collectively, the citizens of Manistee Township prioritized the establishment of a watershed authority and cleanup of Bar Lake first, followed by commercial development along US-31 and a reduction in regulations. Village of Honor 3.17 Honor visioning Like the Village of Bear Lake, the Village of Honor joined the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative after the first round of visioning had concluded. Because the community had completed a visioning session the previous year in connection with the Honor Area Restoration Project (from which the collective priorities to the right were taken), the Planning Commission opted to use a survey instrument to gather information related to the Lakes to Land master planning process. Forty-nine surveys were returned. Residents said they most liked that Honor is friendly and small, and its location. By a large margin (56%), they most disliked its blight, including run-down homes and junk piles; vacant stores (13%) and traffic speed (11%) lagged far behind. Citizens would most like to see new development in the form of retail commercial, specifically a deli, coffee shop, and resale or antique shop, followed by single-family homes and then office commercial. Offered a choice of recreation, their support was evenly split between facilities for active recreation and those which are multi-use. Sidewalks were the most-desired new service. Residents did not want to see commercial design requirements for their buildings, but slightly more residents approved of annexing property for future development than disapproved. Citizens also wanted to see growth of green energy and sustainable business policies, and support for a new blight ordinance was overwhelming (84%). �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 7 Collective priorities The ultimate goal of spending a whole intense summer conducting visioning sessions was to bring the individual voices of citizens together to hear what they said in unison. Five hundred residents spoke clearly. This is what was on their minds: Arcadia Channel dredging Improve outdoor activities; develop eco-tourism M-22 improvements streetscape Bear Lake Township Vibrant, revitalized downtown Parks and lakes access Bike and walk trails Employment Innovative sewer system - destination Recreation-centered Blaine Maintain health and quality of lakes, streams, forests; watershed planning Maintain rural community (“stay the same”) High speed internet service, cable or tower, fast and affordable Crystal Lake Maintain rural character - preservation - open green space Quality development: functioning master plan/ zoning Build better leadership, cooperation, communication Zoning and planning enforcement Betsie Bay improvements: clean and dredge; remove invasives; increase docks and access Rural, natural community character preservation; maintain balance of single family residential and agricultural Honor New downtown streetscape New recreation facilities Destination businesses for tourism Joyfield Retain scenic character developed natural areas Growth in agriculture specialized Implement zoning/planning Establish watershed authority / clean up Bar Lake / healthy Bar Lake ecosystem Business on US-31 / commercial development Reduce regulations Leadership that brings community together Zoning ordinance that reflects the master plan Master plan Bear Lake Village Gilmore Manistee Pleasanton 3.18 Collective priorities table �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 8 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 9 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 2 0 [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Bear Lake Village People and Land Adopted J u l y 1 6, 2014 �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 4.1: Proposed crosswalk striping 4.2: Demographic dashboard 4.3: Net worth 4.4: Poverty by household type 4.5: Retail marketplace summary 4.6: Village of Bear Lake “workshed” 4.7: Seasonal and vacant housing table 4.8: Road conditions 4.9: Trails 4.10: Renewable energy potential 4.11: Proposed Merit fiber-optic network 4.12: Broadband service inventory 4.13: Land dashboard 4.14: Natural features map 4.15: Existing Land Use table and map 4.16: Future Land Use map 4.17: Zoning plan 4.18: Action plan 4.19: Capital improvements plan P-6 P-12 P-14 P-15 P-17 P-18 P-19 P-22 P-23 P-24 P-26 P-27 P-30 P-31 P-32 P-34 P-37 P-39 P-41 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 Expectations At their visioning session, Village of Bear Lake residents were not only practical but synergistic, combining employment with recreation and capital improvements with community building. The first priority of attendees at the Village of Bear Lake vision session was job creation, using the words “stagnant” and “development challenged” most frequently to describe their community. Noting that transportation improvements to support manufacturing and industry are not anticipated, they preferred instead to promote technology and access to services. They placed particular emphasis on stabilizing the seasonal economic cycle, indicating that year-round jobs would lead to year-round residents and vice versa. One challenge ahead may be the reconciliation of that goal with the Village’s interest in a future shaped by recreation. Though their proposed skateboard park would likely only see fair-weather usage, the proposed dog park may have a greater potential for some wintertime use­—especially in conjunction with an increase in year-round residents. Visioners felt the community had done a good job putting on events that span the calendar, naming Bear Lake Days in July and the holiday-themed Sparkle in the Park. The Bear Lake Promoters, sponsor of both events as well as an autumnal “Trunk or Treat,” was the first name offered when the group was asked who should “be in the sandbox” to offer guidance, support, and elbow grease. Residents were most proud of their school, at which the visioning session was held, and their water system. The Village of Bear Lake has a public water system consisting of two wells drilled into a primary aquifer. The community has participated in a Wellhead Protection Program funded by the state of Michigan since 2000, which seeks to determine the direction from which the water supply reaches the wells in order to determine any potential for contamination and to help plan for future well sites and land use. A remaining goal is the installation of a solid waste management (sewer) system, envisioned to be an innovative, affordable improvement with significant community buy-in. The following pages present “Cornerstones,” or goals formulated by the Village of Bear Lake Planning Commission to guide future development. Each includes a set of “Building blocks,” specific strategies to be implemented to achieve those goals. At the bottom is the “Foundation” that supports each Cornerstone: its linkage to the citizens’ stated priorities and to the Manistee County Master Plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 Cornerstone Create a revitalized and vibrant downtown in the Village of Bear Lake. The Village of Bear Lake is nicely located on US-31 and adjacent to the shores of Bear Lake. The downtown is the center of activity for residents of the Village and surrounding Bear Lake and Pleasanton Townships. The Village is made up of historic neighborhoods with tree-lined streets and sidewalks that lead the traveler to the the lake, schools, shopping, post office and other important places of civic engagement. The downtown, however, is the heart of activity. Ensuring that the Village remains walkable and connected to the assets of the community is very important. Also of great importance is working at building a downtown made up of businesses that showcase unique shops, a grocery and hardware store, coffee shops and much more. These businesses will service the patrons of not just the Village and surrounding Townships but also the many folks who are enjoying the abundance of recreational activities and other attractions found in the region. Seasonally sustainable, the future of the business district in the Village will be made up of commerce that is both seasonal in nature as well as available year round. In addition, the residents understand that a revitalized and vibrant downtown requires that people live and work in unison within the area, so accommodating residential uses in the downtown is encouraged. It is the hope that when a family looks to the Village to relocate in, they will see not only the quality of the school system, the availability of work, and access to an abundance of recreation, but a downtown that is well cared for and bustling with activity. A vibrant and viable downtown is an important economic component. Building blocks 1. Identify in the community master plan a public policy which encourages the revitalization of downtown Bear Lake. 2. The Village of Bear Lake will strive to establish a downtown business association. 3. Encourage retail and service businesses to locate in the Village downtown. 4. Encourage appropriate development and conformance with current building, fire, and blight codes. 5. Redevelop underutilized and brownfield properties in the downtown area. 6. Investigate the possibility of starting a Michigan Main Street program. 7. Investigate the possibility of starting a Chamber of Commerce. 8. Spearhead community based festivals such as Christmas in Bear Lake festival and ice sculpture festival. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Village of Bear Lake collective priorities Employment Innovative sewer system Recreation-centered Multi-generational �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 Cornerstone Improve the visual appearance and character of the Village to foster a healthy and desirable community in which to live, shop, work, and play. The Village of Bear Lake was once a thriving and energetic community, a desirable locale in which to set roots. While located near more highly populated centers of commerce, it is far enough away to warrant being more than a mere “bedroom community.” One ingredient that may prevent the Village from actualizing its true potential is its appearance. While many property owners take pride in their yards, homes, and store-fronts and have worked to keep their appearances above reproach, a few sore spots remain in need of spit and polish. Being blessed by adjoining one of the most scenic inland lakes in the state, the community is looking to build upon its already established character as a premier destination and outdoor playground. This character development means establishing a unified look that shapes all the elements of the community. Through streetscape amenities, well-maintained properties, Building blocks and architectural character, the Village will be able to develop a “brand” and become known for that unique 1. Seek funding and use the Complete Streets character. Once developed, the Village can then market recommendations to make street improvements itself in order to share all of its unique and much soughtwhich include installing sidewalks, street lights, after qualities. street trees, planters, benches, and curbing 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Foundation where appropriate in the neighborhoods and business districts. Work with MDOT to make improvements to US31, including traffic-calming techniques on the business district portion, lower speeds, appropriate on-street parking configurations, and new curb designs and sidewalks. Establish clearly marked pedestrian crossings on US-31 roadway to assist in the safe movement across the highway. Develop and enforce a zoning ordinance. Develop landscape standards as part of the site plan review process in the zoning ordinance. Decide upon community character criteria – what do we want the physical aspects of the Village to look like? Develop design guidelines for commercial and residential development that specifies the community character through architectural elements and landscaping. Seek opportunities to apply for grants to assist home and business owners with repairs and restoration. Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Village of Bear Lake collective priorities Employment Innovative sewer system Recreation-centered Multi-generational �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 Cornerstone Eliminate blight. The State of Michigan Brownfield Redevelopment Authority Act (PA 381 of 1996) defines “blight” as property which 1) has been declared a public nuisance in accordance with state and local building, housing, plumbing, fire, or local ordinance, 2) is an attractive nuisance to children, 3) is a fire hazard, 4) has utilities serving the property or buildings in such disrepair that the property is unfit for its intended use, 5) is tax reverted, 6) is owned by a land bank, or 7) has sufficient demolition debris buried on the site that it is unfit for its intended use. So, blight comes in many forms—and in all of them, it is the responsibility of the local unit of government to monitor and manage its removal. Building blocks 1. Adopt and enforce a blight ordinance. 2. Adopt a local property maintenance ordinance. 3. If a parcel has contaminated property, work with the Manistee County Brownfield Authority on remediation efforts and strategy. 4. Encourage coordination among the Village and adjoining townships wiht regard to adoption and enforcement of clean-up requirements for blighted properties to preserve property values and quality of life. 5. Investigate collaboration with Bear Lake Township on combined code and zoning enforcement services. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Village of Bear Lake collective priorities Employment Innovative sewer system Recreation-centered Multi-generational �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 5 Cornerstone Ensure that the community has adequate and responsive public safety personnel, facilities, and equipment. It is crucial that the Village of Bear Lake and Bear Lake Township remain connected in terms of fire and rescue services. Keeping the streets clear of snow and sanded during the winter months and maintaining streets within the Village’s jurisdiction are extremely important but becoming more difficult with aging and deteriorating equipment. In addition, numerous other safety concerns crop up including sidewalks and retaining walls to name but two. Building blocks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Continue to support Bear Lake Township’s efforts to maintain a high-quality Fire and Rescue Department. Investigate ways to replace damaged sidewalks and to install sidewalks leading to the school. Actively seek grants to replace aging equipment such as plow trucks, mowers, pick up trucks, loaders, and the like. Replace the railroad tie retaining wall at the north entrance of Hopkins Park. Update the restroom facilities serving Hopkins Park to bring them up to current codes. Move the Village Hall and all operations to the former Baptist Church building and ensure that the new building meets all applicable codes. 7. Look into designating the neighborhoods as historic districts with the National Historic Register. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Village of Bear Lake collective priorities Employment Innovative sewer system Recreation-centered Multi-generational �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 6 Cornerstone Develop and enhance recreational and historical opportunities and facilities. As the heart of the Greater Bear Lake area, the Village of Bear Lake is poised to serve as a hub of recreational opportunities. Cooperation with Bear Lake School and Bear Lake and Pleasanton Townships is crucial. Better utilization of Hopkins Park by all stakeholders, increased usage of Harry Cosier Court where pickleball is now played, and greater use of Village Park all need to be explored. Although the Bear Lake area has a number of bicycle routes, the Northwest Michigan Regional Non-Motorized Strategy (2008) does not include a regional trail through or near the Village of Bear Lake. Village Park sits ready to fulfill its mission as a “hub” for bicyclists, travelers, and residents. Finally, the Village needs to chronicle and preserve its history for future generations as well as protect the scenic vistas available near Bear Lake. Building blocks Smith Lynn Maple Wise Virginia 1. Support increased usage of current facilities like the public boat launch, 4.1: Proposed crosswalk striping Hopkins Park, and all its facilities. 2. Look for ways to improve the playground and shelter house in Hopkins Park. 3. Position Village Park as a hub for bicyclists, travelers, and residents, providing safe access to the rear of the park with off-street parking in the Bear Lake s Museum parking lot. kin Locust op H 4. Define off-road/off highway routes to connect with Pleasanton and Bear Lake Townships’ snowmobile and bicycle trails. St. Lake 1/ 5. Support the development of a regional trail utilizing Potter Road to connect US3 US-31 (Bear Lake) with M-22 (Onekama, Pierport, and Arcadia). 6. Support a Community Center that would service all of “Greater Bear Lake.” Main 7. Support a Senior Center to service the needs of the area’s aging population. Main St. e Sout h Sh or 8. Support the establishment of a Bear Lake Historical Society. t 9. Continue to improve the facilities of the Bear Lake Museum, being sure itWes meets all current codes. 10. Identify sites and establish land use plans and zoning that preserve scenic vistas and cultural and historic sites. 11. Improve wayfinding through signage and maps and the “Explore the Shores” website. 12. Collaborate with Bear Lake and Pleas­anton Townships on the preparation of a joint 5-Year Michigan Department of Natural Resources Recrea­tion, Open Space, and Greenway Master Plan. 13. Collaborate with all adjoining governmental entities to make better use of all area recreational facilities by exploring a coordinated Recreation Plan. 14. Investigate the feasibility of working with Bear Lake and Pleas­anton Townships to establish a regional recreation authority. 15. Request that MDOT stripe US-31 at key places to allow for pedestrian crossings from the east side to the west side, connecting the neighborhoods and business district to Bear Lake. Two recommended places for striping are at the Memorial Park deck and next to the bank. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Village of Bear Lake collective priorities Employment Innovative sewer system Recreation-centered Multi-generational �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 7 Cornerstone Improve Hopkins Park for enhanced recreational opportunities. The Village of Bear Lake has the foundation for excellent recreational facilities in Hopkins Park, Harry Cosier Court, Village Park, boat launch, and Hopkins Park Access. The Village, Bear Lake Township, and Pleasanton Township all share access to Bear Lake, which is a draw for many year-round and seasonal residents. Although residents and visitors have access to area wide lakes, local public schools, and state and national forests, many of the communities lack basic recreational assets like playgrounds, bike paths, and parks designed for outdoor events. The combined 2010 US Census population of the three communities was 2,855 residents. Based on the number of seasonal housing units, the summer population can easily increase by another 1,500 residents. Collectively, the three communities could support a small park system and program. Building blocks 1. Focus on updating Hopkins Park campground and waterfront park. 2. Research a docking, launching, and boat cleaning station for public access site. 3. Improve the restrooms of Hopkins Park, bringing them to code and making them more accessible for all visitors to downtown. 4. Improve the shelter house at Hopkins Park. 5. Improve the playground at Hopkins Park. 6. Install wifi in Hopkins Park. 7. Investigate ways for campers to hook up directly to sewer facilities in Hopkins Park. 8. Redesign or incorporate the Veterans Memorial Park deck into the nonmotorized pathway linking the neighborhood, businesses, and park. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Village of Bear Lake collective priorities Employment Innovative sewer system Recreation-centered Multi-generational �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 8 Cornerstone Improve the quality of our surface water and groundwater. The Greater Bear Watershed extends into 13 townships, 3 villages, and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians reservation, encompassing a total of 204 square miles or 130,800 acres. All of the Village of Bear Lake is located within the Greater Bear Watershed. Land surrounding Bear Lake forms the Bear Lake Sub-watershed, which outlets to Little Bear Creek. The inland lakes, including Bear Lake, and the numerous tributaries are recreational, cultural, wildlife, and tourism assets for Manistee County. Bear Lake is the largest of the inland lakes within the watershed. The quality of surface water is influenced by a variety of sources including septic fields, feed lots, gas and oil exploration, land use, and inappropriate storage and disposal of materials. In addition to surface water, groundwater is important because it is the primary source of potable drinking water for residents. Again, the quality of the groundwater can be influenced by the same sources. Because water, both surface and groundwater, is so important to the health of residents and the economy, its protection and improvement is vital. Building blocks 1. Continue to support the efforts of the Bear Lake Watershed Alliance, Bear Lake Property Owners Association, and the Lake Management Board to keep the lake clean and free from invasive species. 2. Develop a shoreline inventory of Bear Lake to identify priority locations for restoration projects. 3. Support enforcement of wellhead protection ordinances. 4. Support a sewer system if price is financially feasible for Village residents and businesses. 5. Assure that all septic tanks are functioning properly 6. Support development of a locally generated and state approved contingency plan and training for first respondents for road accidents involving fuel or other hazardous materials to minimize runoff to surface waters of Bear Lake and Bear Creek. 7. Support local efforts to prohibit artificial feeding of waterfowl in or on the riparian properties adjacent to Bear Lake. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Village of Bear Lake collective priorities Employment Innovative sewer system Recreation-centered Multi-generational �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 9 ��L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 1 People and Places How many people? How long did they go to school? What do they do? What activities can be supported by the land itself? And where can we go shopping around here, anyway? Population Population is both an indicator and a driver of economic growth. An increase in people creates a larger economic and customer base on which the business environment can draw, and an area of bustling economic activity attracts people looking to share in its benefits. The population of the Village of Bear Lake was only two citizens fewer in 2010 than in 1990—from 288 to 286 persons. However, the 2000 figure was 318 citizens, a population swell and loss of just about 1%. Stability is projected to continue through 2016. Housing Home is where the heart is, and where all your stuff is, and probably where the people you call family are too. On a community level, it’s much the same: housing data may talk about buildings, but it tells us much about the actual people we call neighbors. The Village of Bear Lake’s 193 housing units provide the shelter for its 139 households. This represents about 1.38 housing units per household, a figure that accounts for housing units which do not have a household permanently attached to them but are instead for “seasonal or recreational use.” A detailed discussion follows under “Seasonal Fluctuations.” The average household size is 2.4 persons, the fourth largest in the region. Slightly less than one third of the homes (31.6%, or 61 housing units) were built before 1939, representing the largest proportion of the overall housing stock. The 1940s, 1960s, and 1970s each saw the addition of a few dozen homes before construction tapered off sharply beginning in 1980. Just 16 homes (8.2% of total housing) have been built since. The median home value of $96,000 is the lowest in the region, and less than half (48%) of the owner-occupied homes have a mortgage. The median gross rent of $677 represents one position above the median among Lakes to Land communities. �Demographic Dashboard - Village of Bear Lake - Population 330 320 310 300 290 280 270 260 - - - Key for population and prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Michigan United States Population Growth 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -1.0% 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 2010 -2.0% Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • 17% 14% 9% 50% • 7% 8% • 14% • 44% 19% 18% Household Income Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) 0% 11% 25% • 1% Work 3% • 18% • • • • • • • • 40% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 24% 78% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 2.4 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers I~---------' 0.97 5 ---------1------.1l1 - - - ~ population enrolled in school Plf---------~ high school graduate or higher 1000 Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers II H---------" 0.56 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 1.18 -------'----I------1 -------l~-1~ 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 31% t=l------11- - - - - ~ 100% 1 ij-1- - - - - - - - ' 16.5% 1 100% .......----.i i ~--1 -----~ 100% 11-- - - - ~ 100% ll- - - - - ~ 100% Households receiving food stamps lll 68% commuters who drive alone 17.5 minute average commute Employment 136 jobs 140 15.2% unemployment rate 19% Income $35,625 median household income median earnings for workers $26,250 male full-time, year-round earnings female full-time, year-round earnings 10.5% population in poverty 19.5% children in poverty 100% Households receiving cash assistance 5.0% workers who commute $33,594 Children in poverty 16.5% Commuting 100% $17,841 People in poverty 19.5% 17% bachelor’s degree or higher civilian veterans Residents not completing high school 10.5% 92% workers Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 8.5% Education 23% 1000 Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 31 $677 median gross rent Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 476 $96,000 owner-occupied median home value I J l ~-----1- - - - - - ~ 100% Top Industrial Sectors 38% educational services 15% retail trade 12% accommodation and food services �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 4 Utility gas heats the most homes (52%), followed by fuel oil/kerosene (25%) and bottled, tank, or liquid petroleum (propane) gas (11%). Wood and electricity each heat about 6% of homes. Education Twenty-three percent of Village of Bear Lake citizens are enrolled in school at some level. The Village boasts an impressive 92% high school graduation rate, higher than two thirds of the Lakes to Land communities as well as the county, state, and national rates. Bachelor’s degrees are held by 16.5% of the population, nearly half of whom (7.2%) have gone on to receive a graduate or professional degree. Income Median earnings for all Village of Bear Lake workers are $17, 841, about 80% of the median earnings for all workers in Benzie and Manistee Counties and about 60-65% of median earnings at the state and national levels. The Village’s median household income of $35,625 was correspondingly low, averaging about 77% of of the figures for the aggregate populations. Both measured within the bottom half among Lakes to Land communities. Earnings data for the Village of Bear Lake presents an interesting singularity: earnings for female full-time, year-round workers are 128% of earnings for male fulltime, year-round workers ($33,594 vs. $26,250). It is the highest difference among the three Lakes to Land communities with higher full-time, year-round female earnings than male, a situation which does not occur at all in any of the larger populations. The American Community Survey provides earnings data by industry for both full-time, year-round workers and for all workers which shed valuable light on the overall data, but it must be strongly tempered with the understanding that the statistically small size of the workforce in the Village of Bear Lake (140 persons) leads to a relatively large margin of error: 20% overall, and in a few cases almost 100%. Some broad strokes can be painted, however. Three industrial categories had sufficient data for full-time, year-round workers to calculate median earnings. Two of them had higher earnins for women than for men: education / health care / social assistance ($64,375 vs. $50,750) and accommodation / food service ($33,594 vs. $18,125). In manufacturing, men earned $40,417 to women’s $22,917. As rare as it is for female full-time, year-round workers out-earn men, it is very nearly unprecendented for all female workers, a pool that includes seasonal and part-time workers, to out-earn all male workers—but that happens in the Village of Bear Lake, too, with female earnings of $24,375 vs. male earnings of $17,292. Here, however, the data suggests that the small sample size may be distorting the results. Only in accommodation / food service do women earn more than men. While the difference is significant at $32,500 vs. $9,844 and affects the largest share of the workforce (40 of 140 workers), the other groups paint an opposing picture: male earnings in the retail trade category are nearly double that of female earnings ($30,179 vs. $15,147) , and men in the educational services field make up just a third of the workers in that category but have median earnings that are nearly seven times that of the women ($46,250 vs. $6,667). 4.3: Net worth Assets Checking Accounts Savings Accounts U.S. Savings Bonds Stocks, Bonds & Mutual Funds Total $484,446 $1,258,479 $34,851 $2,135,361 $3,913,137 Original Mortgage Amount Vehicle Loan Amount 1 Total $948,436 $141,890 $1,090,326 Liabilities Net Worth Assets / Liabilities 3.59 Source: Esri Business Analyst �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 5 Single-headed households The vulnerability of one type of household to poverty deserves particular mention: that of single-headed households with dependent children. Although the Census does provide a count of male householders with children and no wife present, it presents only female-headed households in its poverty statistics; most of the research literature follows the same form. This is attributable to two reasons: first, female-parent households make up 25.4% of all families while male-parent households make up just 7.3% (in the Village of Bear Lake, those figures are 22.3% and 2.9% respectively), and second, the 80% female-to-male earnings ratio (which applies selectively in the Village of Bear Lake, as discussed on the previous page) exacerbates the poverty-producing effect. Children in single-headed households are by far the group most severely affected by poverty in the Village of Bear Lake. As Table 4.4 shows, one in five of the village’s 41 households with children lives below the poverty level, but almost half of the 17 female-headed households with children are poor. Combining these two pieces of data, we can see that nearly every single one of the poorest families are headed by single females. Support to single-headed households provides an opportunity to have an appreciable, targeted impact on the well-being of the Village of Bear Lake’s most vulnerable citizens. Flexible work and education schedules, support of home-based occupations, innovations in high-quality and affordable child care, and uniform enforcement of pay equity are all tools that can be used to accomplish such support. The poverty rate in the Village of Bear Lake is 10.5%, one position below the median among Lakes to Land communities and lower than county, state, and national rates (range: 11.114.8%). The rate of poverty among residents younger than 18, 19.5%, is two positions higher than the regional median and within the upper edge of the aggregated benchmarks (range: 17.1-20.5%). A quick estimate of a community’s “net worth” can be obtained by dividing its major assets (checking and savings accounts, stocks, bonds, mutual funds) by its major liabilities (home and car 4.4: Poverty by household type Income in the Past 12 Months is Below Poverty Level All families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years only Married couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years only Families with female householder, no husband With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years only All people Under 18 years Related children under 18 years Related children under 5 years Related children 5 to 17 years 18 years and over 18 to 64 years 65 years and over People in families Unrelated individuals 15 years and over loans). The higher the ratio of assets to liabilities, the better insulated the community will be from quick changes in the economy. As shown in Table 4.3, the ratio in the Village of Bear Lake is 3.59. This is the highest ratio in the region: nine communities have a ratio of 2.93, and the next highest is 3.23. It is also higher than that of Benzie County, Manistee County, Michigan, and the United States (range: 2.58– 3.02). Occupations This section talks about the occupations and professions in which the 9% 22% 0% 0% 0% 0% 29% 47% 11% 20% 20% 35% 13% 8% 7% 8% 9% 16% Source: American Community Survey 2006-2010 residents of the Village of Bear Lake work, whether or not their places of employment are within the village limits. The most prevalent field among the Village of Bear Lake’s 140 civilian workers is the one encompassing art, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services. Thirty-one percent, or 43 workers, cite such an occupation. The second most common industry group was educational services, health care, and social assistance, in which 20 workers (14%) serve. Retail trade and public administration rounded out the �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 6 majority of fields represented (13% and 10% respectively). jobs per 1,000 residents is the fourth lowest figure in the region. The occupational group comprised of educational services, health care, and social assistance is the second highest-paying category in the Village of Bear Lake, with a median income of $43,750. Two of the other groups mentioned above, however, fall in the bottom half of median incomes, with $19,375 for arts / entertainment / recreation / accommodation / food service and $18,750 for retail trade (insufficent data was available to calculate a median for public administration). Overall, three of the four lowest median incomes, ranging from $13,333 to $19,908 (agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining is the lowest-paid occupation in the township). Overall, when the village’s industries are ranked by median earnings, 36% of workers are employed in industries in the top half and 64% are employed in industries in the bottom half. The largest concentration of businesses was in arts, accommodation, and food service; those four establishments comprise 18% of all businesses. That category was followed by retail trade and “other services (except public administration),” each of which comprised 14% of the business community with three establishments apiece. Retail and Business Summary This section talks about the businesses and jobs within the Village of Bear Lake, whether or not the proprietors and employees are residents of the township itself. The business summary generated by Esri counts 22 businesses employing a total of 136 people within the Village limits. When compared with the residential population of the Village of Bear Lake, this equates to 476 jobs per 1,000 residents, the fourth highest ratio among Lakes to Land communities. Its 31 goods-producing The greatest number of employees (51, or 38%) work in educational services. About 15% of employees are in retail trade, and another 12% work in the arts, accommodation, and food service. This is significant because nationally, the median earnings of workers in retail, entertainment, and hospitality occupations are about half of the median earnings of all other occupations. Table 4.5 is designed by Esri to provide a snapshot of retail opportunity by presenting the fullest picture possible of both supply and demand. Supply is calculated by combining the Census of Retail Trade, a portfolio of demographic and business databases, and the Census Bureau’s Nonemployer Statistics data to estimate total sales to households by businesses within the study area. To estimate demand, Esri combines annual consumer expenditure surveys from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics with its own proprietary Tapestry Segmentation system, yielding a fairly tailored picture of the purchases likely to be made by the inhabitants of the study area. We can then arrive at the Retail Gap by subtracting the supply from the demand. A negative number, shown in red on the chart, signifies an oversupply or surplus, while the positive numbers shown in green indicate leakage of sales which are presumably being conducted outside the community. Commuting It’s a real estate truism that the three most important factors considered by buyers are location, location, and location, yet the traditional measure of housing affordability—surely another consideration hovering near the top of the list—makes no allowance at all for location. The Center for Neighborhood Technology set out to redefine “affordability” to more accurately reflect the proportion of a household’s income that is committed to housing costs, including those incurred while getting to and from that aforementioned location. CNT describes its Housing and Transportation Affordability Index this way: “The traditional measure of affordability recommends that housing cost no more than 30 percent of income. Under this view, three out of four (76 percent) US neighborhoods are considered “affordable” to the typical household. However, that benchmark ignores transportation costs, which are typically a household’s second largest expenditure. The H+T Index offers an expanded view of affordability, one that combines housing and transportation costs and sets the benchmark at no more than 45 percent of household income. Under this view, the number of �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 7 4.5: Retail marketplace summary Industry Group NAICS Motor Vehicle & Parts Dealers Automobile Dealers Other Motor Vehicle Dealers Auto Parts, Accessories & Tire Stores Furniture & Home Furnishings Stores Furniture Stores Home Furnishings Stores Electronics & Appliance Stores Bldg Materials, Garden Equip. & Supply Stores Bldg Material & Supplies Dealers Lawn & Garden Equip & Supply Stores Food & Beverage Stores Grocery Stores Specialty Food Stores Beer, Wine & Liquor Stores Health & Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing & Clothing Accessories Stores Clothing Stores Shoe Stores Jewelry, Luggage & Leather Goods Stores Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book & Music Stores Sporting Goods/Hobby/Musical Instr Stores Book, Periodical & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Department Stores Excluding Leased Depts. Other General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Florists Office Supplies, Stationery & Gift Stores Used Merchandise Stores Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers Nonstore Retailers Electronic Shopping & Mail-Order Houses Vending Machine Operators Direct Selling Establishments Food Services & Drinking Places Full-Service Restaurants Limited-Service Eating Places Special Food Services Drinking Places - Alcoholic Beverages 441 4411 4412 4413 442 4421 4422 4431 444 4441 4442 445 4451 4452 4453 4,464,461 4,474,471 448 4481 4482 4483 451 4511 4512 452 4521 4529 453 4531 4532 4533 4539 454 4541 4542 4543 722 7221 7222 7223 7224 Demand (Retail Potential) Supply (Retail Sales) $412,493 $346,828 $32,166 $33,499 $38,499 $24,416 $14,083 $58,032 $92,922 $74,190 $18,732 $318,703 $266,923 $14,941 $36,839 $216,270 $241,828 $105,831 $74,783 $15,027 $16,021 $58,021 $47,036 $10,985 $524,056 $151,910 $372,146 $66,528 $5,150 $15,977 $4,409 $40,992 $175,910 $129,590 $10,555 $35,765 $207,929 $84,551 $102,313 $9,069 $11,996 $54,261 $0 $0 $54,261 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $786,484 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $61,526 $61,526 $0 $0 $0 $0 $94,788 $54,114 $40,674 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $103,097 $103,097 $0 $0 $0 Retail Gap Leakage/ Surplus Factor Businesses $358,232 $346,828 $32,166 -$20,762 $38,499 $24,416 $14,083 $58,032 $92,922 $74,190 $18,732 $318,703 $266,923 $14,941 $36,839 -$570,214 $241,828 $105,831 $74,783 $15,027 $16,021 -$3,505 -$14,490 $10,985 $524,056 $151,910 $372,146 -$28,260 -$48,964 -$24,697 $4,409 $40,992 $175,910 $129,590 $10,555 $35,765 $104,832 -$18,546 $102,313 $9,069 $11,996 76.7 100.0 100.0 -23.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -56.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -2.9 -13.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -17.5 -82.6 -43.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.7 -9.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 8 4.6: Village of Bear Lake “workshed” Gilmore 0 county, the addition of transportation costs to the equation puts the share of household income spent on those two combined items over 45% for all places in the county. Twp Blaine Twp 0 ' Weldon ~ Pleasanton Twp 17.S minutes Twp Bear ~ kc Bear pke Twp Maple , rove Twp ~n•kama Onekama O Twp 0 Brethren Dickson 0 Twp Manis ti,.,a Tu p .-,,+L..._~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - affordable neighborhoods drops to 28 percent, resulting in a net loss of 86,000 neighborhoods that Americans can truly afford.” CNT’s map has been steadily expanding its coverage since its inception in 2008 and now includes 337 metropolitan areas in the United States. Manistee County has not been analyzed, but Benzie County was considered part of the Traverse City metropolitan area and its neighborhoods are among those that disappear from the affordability map: while the H+T Index shows the average housing cost to be less than 30% of household income for the whole The Village of Bear Lake is one of two Lakes to Land communities in which the American Community Survey found that 100% of workers have some sort of commute. The average commute time of 17.5 minutes, the fifth shortest in the region, is shown in the “workshed” map in Figure 4.6. It covers much of central Mansitee County, stretching up into Benzie County along US-31 and reaching the eastern edge of the City of Manistee. A long commute is tough. Everyone who has ever had one knows it subjectively, and a growing body of empirical evidence is pointing to its detrimental effects on happiness, health, and wealth: its costs are rarely fully compensated by our salaries, the minutes spent behind the wheel come at the cost of minutes spent on exercise and meal preparation, and people with long commutes are frankly just less happy than those with shorter ones. While the length of commute may have the greatest effect on the commuter, it’s the method of commuting that has the greatest effect on the environment— across the board, driving alone is overwhelmingly the most common method of commuting, and it is the one which maximizes the output of vehicle emissions per commuter. Here, the Village of Bear Lake shines: just 68% of commuters drive alone, by far the lowest percentage in the region (range: 73-90%) and well below the county, state, and national figures (range: 79-86%). The greatest contributor to this figure is the contingent of people who walk to work, making up fully one quarter of the workforce. The village’s compact development pattern �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 9 makes this possible and provides clear evidence of the positive influence that good urban design can have on the transportation choices available to a community’s citizens. Agricultural Influence Of the 170 acres of land and 258 parcels that make up the Village of Bear Lake, none have an existing land use category of “Agriculture” or “Natural Resource Related.” This makes sense in a village, which is a settlement area defined by its concentration of residents (as opposed to a township, which is defined by its land area and its co-located borders with adjacent townships). Since agriculture requires land which is not currently in use by people, a village is an unlikely place to find it. However, villages do an excellent job of providing for the convergence of a regional agricultural community and are well-suited to create a positive business environment focused on regional food sources. Though Esri business analyst does not list any businesses or employees in the field coded by NAICS as “agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting,” six workers who live in the village used that classification to describe their occupations, making up about 4% of the workforce. Seasonal Fluctuations The entire Lakes to Land region is affected to varying degrees by a seasonal economy. An abundance of parks and recreation activities combines with the temperate summer weather to create a magnetic pull felt by most inhabitants of the state from spring to fall, and then formidable weather joins a lack of critical mass in economic activity to produce an edge of desolation through the winter months. The result is a cyclical ebb and flow of people through the region, some to stay for a few hours and some for a few months, all driven by Michigan’s intensely seasonal climate. In many communities, the basic goal of every housing unit is to be occupied. The optimum condition is one in which the number of housing units is only slightly larger than the number of households, with a small percentage of homes empty at any given time to provide choice and mobility to households wishing to change housing units. This percentage is the traditional vacancy rate. Seasonal changes in population, such as seen in the Lakes to Land communities, create an entirely new category of housing units: those for “seasonal or recreational use.” Technically considered “vacant” by the US Census because its rules dictate that a household can only attach itself to one primary housing unit, these homes provide a measure of investment by those seasonal populations that cannot be replicated elsewhere. A high percentage of seasonal/recreational use homes provides concrete evidence of the value of the area for those purposes. It also provides a measure of a portion of the community which will have a somewhat nontraditional relationship with the community at large: seasonal residents may not have kids in the school system or have the ability to attend most government meetings, but they do pay taxes and take a vital interest in goings-on. In some ways, knowing the percentage of seasonal/recreational housing in a community is the most reliable measure of the accommodations the community must make to include its “part-time” population in its decision-making framework. Within the Village of Bear Lake, 13.6% of the homes are classified as seasonal or recreational, a figure lower than in each of the two Lakes to Land counties (25% and 33%) but significantly higher than the state and national rates (5.8% and 3.5% respectively). While vacancy data for greater Bear Lake Township suggests a decline in its seasonal residents between 2000 and 2010, the table in 4.7 does not reflect that trend within the Village. Here, seasonal housing units actually increased slightly but were far outstripped by the increase in vacancy related to the loss of population. 4.7: Seasonal and vacant housing table Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units Vacant Housing Units Seasonal/Recreational/Occasional Use Other Vacant Population Household size 2000 2010 161 132 29 18 13 318 2.56 169 118 51 23 28 286 2.48 Change 5.0% -10.6% 75.9% 27.8% 115.4% -10.1% 0.6% ��L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 1 Infrastructure For planning purposes, infrastructure is comprised of “the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions.” These components, which come together to form the underlying framework that supports our buildings, movements, and activities, usually include our power supply, water supply, sewerage, transportation avenues, and telecommunications. Successful infrastructure is often “experientially invisible,” drawing as little attention in its optimum condition as a smooth road or a running faucet— until it’s not, and then it likely has the potential to halt life as we know it until the toilet flushes again or the lights come back on. It seems we all know the feeling. The American Society of Civil Engineers’ 2013 “Report Card for America’s Infrastructure” gave us a D+ (takeaway headline: “Slightly better roads and railways, but don’t live near a dam”). The Michigan chapter of the ASCE surveyed our state’s aviation, dams, drinking water, energy, navigation, roads, bridges, stormwater, public transit, and wastewater and collection systems in 2009 and gave us a D. Clearly, there is room for improvement all over. But it’s expensive. The ASCE report came with a national price tag of $3.6 trillion in investment before 2020. If this were evenly distributed among the 50 states, it would mean about $72 billion per state—almost half again as much as Michigan’s entire annual budget. The combination of the essential nature of infrastructure with its steep price tag highlights a need for creative problem-solving in this area—precisely the aim of the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 2 Roads road surface from 1 to 10; roads rated 5 and above are considered to be at least “Fair.” The State of Michigan’s Public Act 51, which governs distribution of fuel taxes, requires each local road agency and the Michigan Department of Transportation to report on the condition, mileage, and disbursements for the road and bridge system under its jurisdiction. The Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER) system used to report on the condition is a visual survey conducted by transportation professionals that rates the Figure 4.8 depicts all of the roads with PASER ratings of “poor” (1-4) in Benzie and Manistee Counties. The closeup in the inset reveals poor conditions along US-31 for the length of the Village, beginning just south of the Village limits and stretching into Pleasanton Township. LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. 4.8: Road conditions Elberta k La e M i i ch g Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an --------;.(:j Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake + : Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. r, Thompsonville 22 BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. - _-+ ' Copemish ... Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake I I I I I I I I ------------------- I-------· I I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. ,-- MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Pavement Surface Evaluation and Ratings 0 2 4 8 Miles Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, NWMCOG 2012 Asset Management Report D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Poor PASER Rating (1 - 4) Major Road Minor Road B R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 3 Trails and regional connections session. Their preferred method for accomplishing this is use of the existing county road network to establish a trail network, which would also serve Village residents. Potential collaboration with Onekama Township, Arcadia Township, and Pleasanton Township, all also currently largely devoid of trails, could form the beginning of a sub-regional network. As noted in the Cornerstones and can be seen in Figure 4.9, there are not presently any local or regional nonmotorized trails through the Village of Bear Lake. It’s an absence noted by the citizens of surrounding Bear Lake Township, who made the creation of biking, walking, and hiking trails their third highest priority at the visioning LEELANAU CO. P t la t B BENZIE CO. ay Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta 4.9: Trails k La e M ic h a ig Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. ' Onekama I Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Recreational Trails 0 2 4 8 Miles Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT, NWMCOG, GTRLC D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Updated: 09-24-13 GTRLC Trail Equestrian Trail Betsie Valley Trail Snowmobile Trail North Country Trail Non-Motorized Multi Use Trail ' ' Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 4 4.10: Renewable energy potential Power supply Wind Resource Power Resource Potential Class W/m 2 Village of Bear Lake 1 0-200 2 200-300 Poor Marginal 3 300-400 Fair 4 400-500 - Good 5 500-600 - Excellent 6 600-800 - Outstanding >800 7 - Superb Biomass Resource Metric TonsMear <50,000 50,000 -100,000 Resource Potential CJ Low 17 Marginal 100,000 -150,000 Village of Bear Lake Good 150,000 - 250,000 - Very Good 250,000 - 500,000 - Excellent > soo,ooo - Solar Resource kV\lh /111 2/day < Outstanding Resource Potential 3.5 Moderate > 3.5-4 Village of Bear Lake > 4-5 > 5-6 >6 EPA Tracked Sites o Abandoned Mine Land • Brownfield • RCRA o Federal Superfund O Non-Federal Superfund Good ~ ~ Very Good Excellent Electricity for Village of Bear Lake homes and businesses is available from Consumers Energy Company (Jackson). Natural gas service is available through Superior Energy Company (Kaleva). Service from “alternative energy suppliers” is also available through Michigan’s Electric Customer Choice and Natural Gas Customer Choice programs. Public Act 295 of 2008 requires Michigan electric providers’ retail supply portfolio to include at least 10% renewable energy by 2015. The Michigan Public Service Commission’s 2012 report estimates renewables to make up 4.7% of the energy supply that year. Figure 4.10 shows the US Environmental Protection Agency’s analysis of renewable energy potential in the Lakes to Land region. Water and sewer The Village of Bear Lake has a public water system, but residents and businesses still rely on individual septic systems. Village residents have moderate difficulty in installing septic systems due to a lack of available yard space. For properties that must install both well and septic systems, there are a number of factors that must be considered. In order to avoid problems such as inadequate water yield, gas in water, salty water, bacteria contamination, or organic chemical contamination, the community must consider probable causes such as road salting, septic effluent from systems in older developed areas, drainage from slopes into improperly sited �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 5 residential areas, and failure to protect groundwater recharge areas through a lack of buffer zones and development limitations. Density and intensity of development need to be considered as they relate to septic systems and the wellhead, as increased development pressures lead to increasing need for understanding and oversight in well and septic system integrity. In the Village of Bear Lake, the threat of contaminants leaching from the former Sawyer Fruit processing plant poses a potential threat to the wellhead and to the lake. Likewise for a downtown to truly meet its potential, some form of affordable solid waste management is essential. Thus accommodation of an appropriate level of commercial development along US-31 downtown will likely require investigation into an affordable sewer system. Further, the Greater Bear Watershed Management Plan has determined that the Village of Bear Lake is a significant critical storm water runoff area due to its high amount of impervious surface and stormwater sewer system outlets that drain directly into Bear Lake. With this in mind, a comprehensive and critical look at the methods with which the Village deals with water and its sanitary needs is essential. The recently completed Greater Bear Watershed Management Plan details a number of suggestions that will help the Village in protecting Bear Lake and it watershed. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 6 4.11: Proposed Merit fiber-optic network REACH-3MC & Merit’s Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructure KEWEENAW Calumet Houghton Duluth Ontonagon Superior HOUGHTON Baraga ONTONAGON BARAGA Odanah Ashland Ironwood GOGEBIC Marquette Covington Wakefield Gwinn IRON Watersmeet DICKINSON Crystal Falls Sault Ste. Marie, Canada LUCE Eckerman Seney Munising MARQUETTE ALGER Sagola MACKINAC St. Ignace Manistique Iron Mountain Powers Mackinaw City Cheboygan Escanaba Indian River Onaway EMMET MENOMINEE Marinette Sault Ste. Marie CHIPPEWA SCHOOLCRAFT DELTA Petoskey Charlevoix Gaylord ANTRIM Hillman OTSEGO Traverse City LEELANAU Grayling Beulah Manistee Lake City WEXFORD MISSAUKEE GLADWIN REACH-3MC Round I Fiber OCEANA REACH-3MC Round II Fiber CLARE ISABELLA Big Rapids NEWAYGO MuskegonMUSKEGON Allendale Holland Zeeland OTTAWA Howard City Benton Harbor LAPEER Flint Corunna EATON BARRY Marshall CALHOUN LIVINGSTON OAKLAND Southfield INGHAM Jackson JACKSON ST. JOSEPH Detroit Ann Arbor WASHTENAW WAYNE Adrian BRANCH Marysville MACOMB Rochester HILLSDALE LENAWEE Windsor, Canada Monroe Centreville Coldwater Hillsdale CASS ST. CLAIR GENESEE CLINTON KENT KALAMAZOO Cassopolis NETWORK INC TUSCOLA SAGINAW SHIAWASSEE IONIA Kalamazoo Berrien Springs BERRIEN SANILAC Saginaw GRATIOT MONTCALM VAN BUREN HURON Bay City MIDLAND Lansing/ East Lansing ALLEGAN ARENAC Midland Grand Rapids Tawas City IOSCO BAY Mt. Pleasant MECOSTA Network Node Gladwin Clare OSCEOLA MASON Oscoda West Branch OGEMAW ROSCOMMON Luther Ludington Merit Fiber ALCONA Houghton Lake LAKE Key Mio Rose City CRAWFORD KALKASKA Cadillac MANISTEE OSCODA Kalkaska GRAND BENZIE TRAVERSE Green Bay Posen PRESQUE ISLE CHEBOYGAN MONTMORENCY ALPENA Alpena CHARLEVOIX Menominee Rogers City MONROE Cleveland Toledo Chicago July 2, 2012 Telecommunications Connect Michigan, our arm of the national agency dedicated to bringing broadband access to every citizen, calculates that such success has already been achieved in 97% of households in Benzie and Manistee Counties. Figure 4.11 further shows that the remaining unserved areas are mostly in the inland areas of the counties rather than in the Lakes to Land communities. Still, improved broadband access came up in several of the visioning sessions. There is certainly room for improvement, particularly in terms of increased speed, provider choice, and types of platforms available. In January 2010, Merit Network was awarded American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds to launch REACH-3MC (Rural, Education, Anchor, Community, and Healthcare—Michigan Middle Mile Collaborative), a statewide fiber-optic network for “community anchor institutions” such as schools and libraries. The completion of the line between Manistee and Beulah, serving the Lakes to Land region, was announced on December 28, 2012. What does this mean? Besides extending leading-edge direct service to organizations that serve the public, the REACH-3MC network uses an open access model that welcomes existing and new internet service providers to join. By constructing the “middle mile” between providers and users, the REACH-3MC cable removes a significant barrier to rural broadband by absorbing up to 80% of an internet service provider’s startup costs. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 7 4.12: Broadband service inventory in Benzie and Manistee Counties Broadband Service Inventory ,1 Empire Township Advertised Speeds of at Least 768 Kbps Downstream and 200 Kbps Upstream Michigan Updated April 1, 2013 Platte Township BETA Version Submit questions or recommended changes to: maps@connectmi.org i ) Mich'fgail *This map is not a guarantee of coverage, contains areas with no service, and generally predicts where outdoor coverage is available. Equipment, topography and environment affect service. P BENZIE Crystal Lake Township Frankfort Township P FRANKFORT 1.3 P Homestead Township Benzonia Township BEULAH I I P ELBERTA P BENZONIA Green Lake Township GRAND TRAVERSE I City I Gilmore Township Interstate Inland Township I Symbology P ------ I I HONOR ,,, Miles Long Lake Township LAKE ANN I Map users are encouraged to participate in improving broadband data granularity through data validation and field testing efforts. Learn more about this and other broadband mapping facts at www.connectmi.org. -4i P I This map represents areas of broadband service availability determined by ongoing, in-depth technical analysis of provider networks and accommodations for the impact of external factors on service quality. Satellite broadband services may also be available. ± Solon Township Almira Township I I Lake Township As required by the US Department of Commerce's State Broadband Initiative, if broadband service is available to at least one household in a census block, then for mapping purposes, that census block is reported to have some level of broadband availability. As such, broadband availability at an exact address location cannot be guaranteed. Providers supplying more specific data than census block are displayed as such. 0.325 0.65 Kasson Township I Benzie County 0 -- - US Road Local Road Municipal Boundary Township Boundary County Boundary National and State Lands Water Blaine Township Fiber Broadband Available Weldon Township Joyfield Township Colfax Township Grant Township Cable Broadband Available DSL Broadband Available Fixed Wireless Broadband Available Mobile Wireless Broadband Available* P Unserved Areas Arcadia Township All Rights Reserved. © Copyright 2013, Connected Nation, Washington, D.C. 20010. Pleasanton Township Broadband Service Inventory Blaine Township Advertised Speeds of at Least 768 Kbps Downstream and 200 Kbps Upstream P Manistee County THOMPSONVILLE Springdale Township Joyfield Township Cleon Township P Weldon Township THOMPSONVILLE Colfax Township GRAND TRAVERSE ARCADIA P Arcadia Township Michigan Wexford Township Pleasanton Township COPEMISH Springdale Township Cleon Township Wexford Township Maple Grove Township KALEVA Marilla Township Springville Township Updated April 1, 2013 BETA Version Submit questions or recommended changes to: maps@connectmi.org *This map is not a guarantee of coverage, contains areas with no service, and generally predicts where outdoor coverage is available. Equipment, topography and environment affect service. P As required by the US Department of Commerce's State Broadband Initiative, if broadband service is available to at least one household in a census block, then for mapping purposes, that census block is reported to have some level of broadband availability. As such, broadband availability at an exact address location cannot be guaranteed. Providers supplying more specific data than census block are displayed as such. Bear Lake Township Onekama Township This map represents areas of broadband service availability determined by ongoing, in-depth technical analysis of provider networks and accommodations for the impact of external factors on service quality. Satellite broadband services may also be available. BEAR LAKE P Map users are encouraged to participate in improving broadband data granularity through data validation and field testing efforts. Learn more about this and other broadband mapping facts at www.connectmi.org. P ONEKAMA ± 0 0.45 0.9 WEXFORD MANISTEE 1.8 Miles Brown Township Symbology P Dickson Township Manistee Township City Slagle Township Interstate US Road Local Road Municipal Boundary Township Boundary P MANISTEE County Boundary National and State Lands P EASTLAKE Water Fiber Broadband Available P Cable Broadband Available STRONACH WELLSTON Norman Township Stronach Township Filer Township DSL Broadband Available P South Branch Township Fixed Wireless Broadband Available Mobile Wireless Broadband Available* Unserved Areas All Rights Reserved. © Copyright 2013, Connected Nation, Washington, D.C. 20010. MASON Grant Township Free Soil Township Meade Township Elk Township LAKE Eden Township Newkirk Township �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 9 Photo: Google Earth Land The Village of Bear Lake sits at the south shore of Bear Lake, occupying a patch of land at foot of Bear Lake Township’s highest elevation that rises slightly above the otherwise flat basin surrounding the lake. Michigan’s dazzling wealth of virgin forests had brought settlement to Manistee County by the 1840s, and pioneers fanned out inland in search of farmland after the Homestead Act was passed in 1862. One such enterprising settler was determined to establish a village along Bear Lake; 88 acres were platted and land deals for industry, commerce, and residence were made. get tourists from Chicago to Mackinaw City and offer them plenty of opportunities to engage in local commerce along the way. A 1915 directory notes that “Manistee was the first county to complete the entire route of the West Michigan Pike through its territory where it is part of a system of more than one hundred miles of improved roads, costing upwards of a half a million dollars”—over $11 billion in 2012 dollars. Transportation followed swiftly behind industry, first in the form of horse-drawn carts on the Bear Lake Tram Railway and then as the steel and locomotive Bear Lake and Eastern Railroad. Lumbering established itself as firmly in Bear Lake as it did everywhere else in the northern portion of the state, and the fortunes of the railroad followed its precipitous decline in the early 20th century just as closely. The Village of Bear Lake sits on the “short route” from Manistee to Traverse City, as opposed to the “scenic route” hugging the shoreline. The directory calls it “the center of a prosperous farming region [which] enjoys a large and growing agricultural trade. The business is well taken care of by enterprising merchants, hotel, restaurant, and garage men, and there are a bank, printing office, grist mill, and other business institutions. There are excellent schools and churches, and the village has electric light and cement sidewalks.” But the auto was ready to take its place. US-31 began as the West Michigan Pike, an improved road designed to �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 0 Land Dashboard Percentages indicate proportion of total land area except where noted TOPOGRAPHY Elevation Slopes Critical dunes 0-1 degrees: 18.9 acres 11% Low: 765 feet above sea level 1.1-5 degrees: 132.1 acres 78% High: 967 feet above sea level 5.1-9 degrees: 34.6 acres 20% Range: feet 9.1-16 degrees: 15.7 acres 9% 16.1-80 degrees: 0.3 acres 0.2% 0 acres WATER Lakes 0 acres Rivers Wetlands 0 miles Emergent (characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens): 0 acres Lowlands, Shrub, Wooded (characterized by low elevation and woody vegetation): 0 acres PUBLIC LAND USE Roads Regional Trails Conserved Land State Land Federal Land 5.77 miles 3.4% 0 miles 0 acres 0 acres 0 acres �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 1 Lake side 4.14: Natural features map ton an as Ple Bear Lake hlan Hig Smith Russell Lynn West I ~ ' Hopkins Chippewa ( !(( ... Golfview Wise Maple Jacobs Hancock Cody -- -- --. -1~ Potter Allen Main Virginia Stuart ' --+ Ronning Euclid Locust e Lak South Shore d Tillson Pleasant s pkin Ho -. ' LAKES TO LAND Village of Bear Lake Natural Features 0 250 500 1,000 Feet V Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Benzie and Manistee County Equalization Village of Bear Lake Boundary Major Roads Minor Roads Wetland Type: CJ Lowland, Shrub, or Wooded CJ Emergent Slope Degree: CJ 9.1 - 16 16 .1 - 20 1111 8 Updated: 10-18-13 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 2 Land use The land use section of this master plan provides an analysis of existing land use conditions and a proposed future land use development scenario. It contains two distinct maps: the existing land use map and future land use map. The existing land use map depicts how the property within the jurisdiction is currently developed. It shows how the land is actually used, regardless of the current zoning, lack of zoning, or future land use map designation—it is what you see happening on the property. The future land use map of a master plan is a visual representation of a community’s decisions about the type and intensity of development for every area of the municipality. These decisions, represented by the community’s land use categories, are based on a variety of factors and are guided by the goals developed earlier in the master planning process—the Cornerstones and Building Blocks presented in this plan. Although the future land use map is a policy document rather than a regulatory document, meaning that it is not legally binding once adopted, it is used to guide the creation of the zoning ordinance and the zoning map, and it supports land use decisions about variances, new development, and subarea planning. That makes it perhaps the most important part of your master plan, as it defines how community land uses should be organized into the future. A part of the development of the future land use map is a discussion of the major land use issues facing the community, how they interrelate with the Cornerstones and Building Blocks, and strategies that may be undertaken to achieve the desired future land use. But at the heart of planning for future land use is a picture of how the physical development of the community will take shape. Simply put, this section describes how, physically, the community will look in 15 to 20 years. Factors considered when preparing the future land use map include: 1. Community Character. How will the land uses promote that character? 2. Adaptability of the Land. What physical characteristics (wetlands, ridges, lakes, etc.) need to be considered when planning for future development? How do the land uses for those areas reflect the uniqueness of the land? 3. Community Needs. What housing, economic development, infrastructure, or other needs should the community plan for? 4. Services. How are we ensuring that existing infrastructure is used efficiently, and that new infrastructure is planned for areas where new development is anticipated? 5. Existing and New Development. How will new development in the community relate to existing development? Existing and future land use maps are both different from a zoning map, which is the regulatory document depicting the legal constraints and requirements placed on each parcel of land. The parcels are classified into 4.15: Existing Land Use table and map EXISTING LAND USE ACRES: 170 total ------- Agriculture PARCELS: 258 total Forest 1 Leisure Natural Resource Related 0.06 Leisure 8 4 Industrial, Manufacturing, Warehousing 25 Mass Assembly 12 Shopping, Business, Trade Transportation Residential Cottage / Resort Residential Rural 90 69 Residential Settlement Social / Institutional Leisure Activities Unclassified / Vacant 211 9 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 3 Pleasanton Bear Lake Pleasant ns pki Ho Euclid Locust Lake Main Virginia Ronning South Shore Hancock Russell Maple Smith Lynn Wise Stuart West Cody Chippewa Hopkins Potter 0 325 650 LAKES TO LAND 1,300 Feet Village of Bear Lake Existing Land Use Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Village of Bear Lake Planning Commission .... CJ Institutional CJ Recreation / Open Space Shopping, Business, or Trade Vacant Residential, Cottage/Resort 0 Bear Lake Twp Residential, Rural property Residential Settlement Bear Lake Twp; belongs to Village by variance Parcel Boundary �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 4 4.16: Future Land Use map Pleasanton Bear Lake Pleasant ins Locust Euclid pk Ho So uth Sh ore Main Ronning e Virginia Lak Hancock Russell Maple Stuart Smith Lynn Wise West Cody Hopkins Chippewa Potter LAKES TO LAND 0 295 590 1,180 Feet Village of Bear Lake Future Land Use Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Village of Bear Lake Planning Commission 11111 Business-Residential CJ Institutional 11111 Recreation / Open Space 0 11111 Residential Settlement 11111 Shopping, Business, Trade CJ Parcel Boundary Bear Lake Twp property Bear Lake Twp; belongs to Village by variance • �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 5 zoning districts, which are based on the future land use map. When owners want to develop or use their property in ways that do not conform to the zoning map, the planning commission uses the future land use map and the master plan to consider whether the proposed development conforms to existing regulations and policy. Future Land Use Categories Residential Settlement This category describes the residential settlement area of the Village which is comprised of small lot residential development patterns arranged along a grid street pattern. Many lots are small, with homes that have front porches and garages located in the rear yard. Trees and sidewalks line the streets. Walkability is superb, and there are obvious connections to the downtown, Bear Lake, library, school, and other civic buildings. This development pattern will continue in infill development and on some of the larger parcels available for development. Newer homes will have to contend with septic systems and their accompanying isolation distance requirements, but because the Village is served by a community wide public water system, development of smaller lots will not beas challenging as if both water and septic systems were needed. With that said, storm water management is an issue as methods to protect the Bear Lake Watershed must be developed. Public water is envisioned to be extended to newly developed lots. Institutional In the Village of Bear Lake, the Institutional future land use category primarily comprises two types of land: Village owned property and public school property. These uses will continue and be supported. The improvements of parks are anticipated, and the continuing efforts to make the Bear Lake School System a school of choice is supported. With that said, the community recognizes the importance of the neighborhood school, as it is often found that neighborhood schools contribute to a sense of community, attract families to live in the adjacent neighborhoods, and increase adjacent housing values. Business The Business area is found along US-31, or Lake Street, between Russell Street and Main Street. In this area the development patterns will continue to include two story mixed use (which includes residential on the 2nd story), zero setback standards, off-street parking, architectural character and unified sign detail, connectivity with Hopkins Park and Bear Lake, and walkability. Other dimensional and use requirements will create a traditional multiple use downtown district where people live, work, and play all in the same area. Care will be given to ensure that the latest standards in storm water management, point and non-point source pollution prevention, and other watershed protection measures and standards are used. Business-Residential The Business-Residential area is found along the route that traverses Main Street between US-31 and Smith Street, Smith Street between Main Street and US-31, and US-31, or West Street, between Main Street and Potter Road. All development in this area will be sympathetic to the residential neighborhoods within and adjacent to it. Commercial development is of the character in keeping with larger lot suburban feel, where walkability is still an option but it is transitioning into the type of businesses that are more auto-oriented. This area has larger parking areas, lots with multiple access points onto US-31, and some single family homes containing a business as the primary use. This type of development pattern will continue, but greater care will be taken to provided shared access points onto US-31, incorporate walkability into site design, and ensure that parking is provided at an appropriate level. Great care will be taken to provide standards that call for character development, including landscaping, signage, access management, and lighting. Lighting will be shielded to avoid excess spill onto adjacent neighbors and will be required to be turned off during nonbusiness hours. How much traffic the business produces will be analyzed to ensure that the neighborhoods are not encumbered by an unacceptable amount of traffic generated. Signs will be displayed that are not lit and are of a size that the community feels are acceptable within the neighborhoods. This segment of business development is a transition into the downtown area and must provide a good first impression of the Village. So while different in density and dimensional requirements, the look and character of this area will develop in collaboration and unison with the Lake Street/US-31 area but will remain sympathetic to the residential neighbors. Recreation and Open Space This category includes public parks such as Hopkins Park. Parks in the Village are supported, and efforts to improve them will occur. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 6 Zoning Plan The Michigan Planning Enabling Act of 2008 requires the inclusion of a zoning plan in the master plan. The zoning plan calls attention to changes that need to be made to the current zoning ordinance in order to align the zoning ordinance with the new master plan. Specifically, the zoning plan looks to show the relationship between the future land use map and the zoning map, and to suggest ordinance revisions to strengthen that relationship. The changes suggested are necessary in order to help implement specific aspects of the master plan. The zoning plan in Figure 4.17 suggests the establishment of three zoning districts and one overlay zone. The zoning districts and overlay zone proposed include: • • • • Residential Settlement R-2 Multiple Use M-1 Multiple Use M-2 Business District Overlay Zone Multiple Use M-1 Zoning District The Multiple Use M-1 District is intended for US-31/Lake Street between Russell and Main Street. It is hoped that the compact development pattern that is already evident along Bear Lake will continue as this is in keeping with the historic development patterns, is already conducive to promoting walkability, and portrays the downtown character that is desired by the residents. Additional shops that provide services and goods to the residents are desired as infill development. The community may want to consider developing FormBased Codes, which are a method of regulating development to achieve a specific form, character, or look of an area while focusing much less on the type of use occurring with in the building. The architectural design of the buildings and how they relate to each other and to people are the key characteristics of Form-Based Codes. By using Form-Based Codes, the Village will be able to emulate those qualities they most desire in future development proposals much more effectively then with zoning tools alone and will have a greater ability to design the “look” of the community. Business District Overlay Zone The Business District Overlay Zone is meant to be super-imposed over the Multiple Use M-1 District along the segment of US-31 next to Bear Lake. An overlay district is a set of alternative land development requirements that are required in the zoning district for the area in question. Overlay districts have a defined physical boundary and may add or decrease regulations. The Bear Lake Business Overlay Zone would detail key requirements for limiting impervious surfaces, handling and treating of storm water, requiring permeable landscaping standards, reducing setback and other dimensional requirements to allow for buildings to be located directly next to each other, providing for 2nd floor residential living, reducing the off street parking requirements, developing provisions for signage, and may even provide incentives for roof top gardens. Multiple Use M-2 Zoning District The Multiple Use M-2 District is a typical district found in most communities for an unusual area of the Village. It would be located on Smith Street between US-31 and Main Street, extending west on Main toward US-31. The Multiple Use M-2 District will allow uses related to civic needs such as library, post office, banks, and funeral homes. Main Streets often run along the busiest street in the community. However, in the Village of Bear Lake, Main Street may be found in the quiet residential neighborhoods. Most traffic travels on US-31 and doesn’t intersect with Main Street in such a way that would divert the traveler on it, nor would the traveler find land uses that they would typically need as this main street does not have commercial uses such as retail, food establishments, grocery, or gas stations. However, the Village of Bear Lake’s Main Street already contains many uses typically found on ‘main street” — bank, library, post office — that serves the residents of the Village. This future zoning district will continue to allow the existing uses but during the permitting process the Village will take a look at lighting standards, signage, road access, landscaping, traffic impact, and noise. The goal is to allow the uses already present to continue and for additional uses to be added, but at no time do the residents of the Village want to sacrifice their quiet, safe, walkable, friendly neighborhood to commercial growth. This means that lighting will not occur at night after hours, limited hours of operation may be considered, uses that may generate an unacceptable amount of traffic will not be encouraged, sidewalks will be maintained, signage will not be illuminated, and noise will be kept at levels typical of a neighborhood. Compatibility between the business development and residential uses is a goal that residents want to see achieved. These zoning districts, and the regulations that accompany them, work together to strengthen the relationship between the Future Land Use map and the Cornerstones of this master plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 7 4.17: Zoning plan PROPOSED ZONING DISTRICTS Residential Settlement R-S USES (General) SETBACKS LOT SIZE (Minimum) NOTES Single and Two Family Homes, Home Occupations, Churches, Institutional Front 25’ Rear 15’ Side 10’ 20,000 sq. ft. Add provisions that would allow for front yard encroachment averaging so that front yard setbacks may be reduced upon determining the average setback distance of buildings within 200 feet. Multiple Use M-1 (on US-31) Single, Multi-Family and residential on 2nd floor of commercial buildings, Retail, Finance, Insurance, Wholesale Trade, Construction Services Front 100’ Rear 20’ Side 20’ 40,000 sq. ft. Include road access management standards to minimize curb cuts, include lighting requirements to protect night sky, develop a unified signage theme and requirements to help develop community character Downtown Business District Overlay Used to encourage a wider variety of businesses conducive to a walkable downtown district Zero line setbacks (water and sewage issues must be appropriately handled as per Health Department Standards) Use of existing lots are allowed; lot combination is encouraged for greater flexibility in use and to handle septic systems. The Downtown Business District Overlay District encompasses the area adjacent to Bear Lake on US-31 and is meant to allow for greater development flexibility and watershed protection. Standards to be included that will help in watershed protection include decreasing impervious surfaces by requiring permeable concrete, permeable landscaping requirements and storm water infiltration systems to manage water runoff and that treats the water before it proceeds into Bear Lake. Multiple Use M-2 (on Main Street and Smith Street) Single family and multi-family Front 25’ residential, Banks, Funeral Rear 15’ Homes, Bed and Breakfasts, Side 10’ Home Occupations, Museum, Retail, Post Office, Church, Parks 20,000 sq. ft. Limit the types of businesses to those types that fit into the fabric of a quiet neighborhood. Develop lighting standards to protect night sky and are prohibit illumination during nighttime hours, develop signage standards that call for small, non-illuminated signage. Consider requiring that all proposals conduct a traffic analysis to understand how the traffic generated will impact the neighborhood. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 9 Action Plan The overall success of the Village of Bear Lake Master Plan will be determined by how many of the recommendations have been implemented. This linkage between master plan acceptance and its eventual implementation is often the weakest link in the planning and community building process. All too often we hear that familiar phrase - “the plan was adopted and then sat on the shelf.” The plan is cited as the failure, however, the real culprit was the failure to execute or implement the plan. Implementation of the Bear Lake Village Master Plan is predicated on the completion of the tasks outlined in the Action Plan. 4.18: Action plan Recommended Implementation Strategy 2013 – 2018 Action Item Description Responsible Party Blight Enforce and develop blight ordinances Village Council Streetscape / US-31 Streetscape for US-31 improvements including signage, sidewalks, traffic calming, pedestrian crossings L2L with Planning Commission Non-motorized trails Work with adjoining townships (Bear Lake and Pleasanton) for non-motorized trail connection L2L with Planning Commission Hopkins Park public facilities Actively seek funding to update present public restrooms and showers at Hopkins Park Village Council and L2L Replace aging Village equipment Actively seek funding to replace aging equipment such as plow truck, mower, pick up truck, loader, etc. Village Council �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 0 The following is Bear Lake Village’s 2014 Capital Improvements list, as submitted to the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments. The 2014 Call for Economic Development and Recreational Projects For Communities within the Michigan Economic Development Corporation’s (MEDC) Region 2 of the Economic Development Collaboratives The Northwest Michigan Council of Governments (NWMCOG) is tasked with compiling a comprehensive list of Capital Improvements Plans for the MEDC’s Region 2 of the Economic Development Collaboratives, which consists of Antrim, Benzie, Charlevoix, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska, Leelanau, Manistee, Missaukee, and Wexford Counties. We are requesting all local units of government within the region share their economic development and recreational projects with NWMCOG for inclusion in a regional Capital Improvements List. By providing this information to NWMCOG, communities will be better positioned to acquire the resources to implement their individual Capital Improvement Plans as it demonstrates greater coordination with other regional partners increasing the region’s capacity to maximize the benefits of public and private resources. Listing your community’s projects in 2014 Capital Improvements List will fulfill state and federal requirements of the Governor’s Regional Prosperity Initiative (PA 59 of 2013) administered under the Michigan Department of Technology, Management, and Budget and the Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) process of the United States Department of Commerce’s Economic Development Administration. If your projects are listed in either your currently approved Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) or Recreation Plan, please send us the requisite plan by email or by mail if no electronic copy is available. Otherwise please use the form that is included below to list your projects. Thank you for participating in the Northwest region’s project listing. If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact: Scott Gest (Economic Development Projects) (231) 929-5091, scottgest@nwm.cog.mi.us Paul Bussey (Recreational Projects) (231) 929-5053, paulbussey@nwm.cog.mi.us PO Box 506, Traverse City, MI 49685-0506 Regional Prosperity Initiative The State of Michigan’s Regional Prosperity Initiative was enacted to encourage local private, public and nonprofit partners to create vibrant regional economies. Included in the Governor’s FY 2014 Executive Budget Recommendation, the legislature approved the recommended process and the Regional Prosperity Initiative was signed into law as a part of the FY 2014 budget (PA 59 2013). EDA Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) Process The CEDS is designed to bring together the public and private sectors in the creation of an economic roadmap to diversify and strengthen regional economies. The CEDS should analyze the regional economy and serve as a guide for establishing regional goals and objectives, developing and implementing a regional plan of action, and identifying investment priorities and funding sources. The CEDS must contain a section which identifies regional projects, programs and activities designed to implement the Goals and Objectives of the CEDS. Most grants programs including the Public Works and Economic Adjustment Assistance funded by EDA must be consistent with a CEDS approved by EDA for the region in which the project will be located. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 1 4.19: Capital improvements plan Projects Project Title Project Classification 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Blight  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Update Public Park Facilities  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Streetscape  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Skatepark; Resurface Pickleball Courts  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Affordable Sewer System Construction  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Nonmotorized Trails Brief Project Description Uninhabited, falling-down commercial buildings on US 31; eyesore junk on private property; demolish buildings that are hazardous to the public as they are now. Improvements on existing “shelter house” and picnic area; update playground; need for family entertainment (add facility for family movie night) Infrastructure/in need of underground electric, new lighting, etc.; new sidewalks throughout village, including Smith St & Cody St which are the main streets to the school Need funding for both; as of present there is NOTHING in the village for kids and adult recreation Presently village does not have a sewer system, and therefore no new business can come into village because lots are not big enough for private septics. To incorporate adjoining townships to village.  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Replace Aging Village Equipment  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Stormwater Infrastructure  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Village Boat Ramp / Launch  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project Village Office Remodeling  Economic Development Project  Recreational Project The one truck the village uses is 20+ years old; the village is also in need of a snow plow truck and commercial lawnmower. Present storm water drains flow into lake with no filtering system; some drains are plugged. With our lake being the reason tourists visit Bear Lake, the boat launch and ramp need to be updated; not ADA acceptable. Village recently purchased a building and now it needs to be renovated to include new ADA facilities. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | � Appendix A Sources and Data �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i i Sources Tab 2 – by Page 26. United States Geological Survey. “USGS Water Science school: the effects of urbanization on water quality: phosphorous.” Last modified March 2013. http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/phosphorus.html 31. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “Cadillac district watersheds with approved watershed plans.” Last modified August 21, 2012. http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3682_3714_31581-96473--,00.html 34. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “State and Federal Wetland Regulations.” Undated. http://www.michigan. gov/deq/0,4561,7-135-3313_3687-10801--,00.html 34. Ducks Unlimited. “Ducks Unlimited Received 11 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grants for Conservation in Michigan.” 2011 Conservation Report. http://www.ducks.org/media/Conservation/GLARO/_documents/_library/_conservation/_ states/2011/Michigan_Report2011.pdf 35. National Parks Service. “A Nationalized Lakeshore: The Creation and Administration of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.” Theodore J. Karamanski. 2000. http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/slbe/. Photo: http://www.nps. gov/slbe/images/20060901164502.JPG 38. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “Sand Dune Protection.” Undated. http://www.michigan.gov/ deq/0,4561,7-135-3311_4114_4236---,00.html 40. M-22. “About Us.” February 2009. https://m22.com/?category_name=about-us 42. MichiganHighways.org. “Historic Auto Trails.” Last modified March 2013. http://www.michiganhighways.org/indepth/ auto_trails.html 42. Schul, Dave. “North American Auto Trails.” Last modified October 1999. http://academic.marion.ohio-state.edu/schul/ trails/trails.html 43. County Road Association of Michigan. “Michigan’s County Road Commissions: Driving Our Economy Forward.” Undated (circa 2008). http://www.micountyroads.org/PDF/econ_broch.pdf 43. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. “Reported Traffic Crashes by County in Michigan.” 2011. http://publications. michigantrafficcrashfacts.org/2011/quick_2.pdf 43. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. “Crash Rate Per Licensed Driver by Age of Driver in All Crashes.” 2011. https:// s3.amazonaws.com/mtcf.pubs/2011/veh_17.pdf 43. Michigan Department of Transportation. “North Region Winter Level of Service for 2011-2012.” Approved October 2011. http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_LoS_map_North_08-09_FINAL_255162_7.pdf 46. United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Navigation System: Economic Strength to the Nation. Last modified March 2013. http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Portals/69/docs/Navigation/GLN_Strength%20to%20the%20Nation%20Booklet 2013v2_final2w.pdf 46. United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Harbors.” Arcadia, Frankfort, Manistee, Portage Lake entries all last modified April 2013. http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Missions/GreatLakesNavigation/GreatLakesHarborFactSheets.aspx 47. RRHX: Michigan’s Internet Railroad History Museum. “The Evolution of Michigan’s Railroads.” Undated. http://www. michiganrailroads.com/RRHX/Evolution/EvolutionProjectDescription.htm �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i i i 50. Airnav.com. “Airports.” Updated May 2013. http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMBL; http://www.airnav.com/airport/ KFKS; http://www.airnav.com/airport/7Y2 50. The Rotarian. “Soaring on a Shoestring,” Karl Detzer. December 1939, Volume LV No. 6, p. 16-18. Accessed via books. google.com. 53. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. “Educational Value of Public Recreation Facilities,” Charles Mulford Robinson. March 1910, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 134-140. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1011260 53. Southwick Associates, for the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. “The Economics Associated with Outdoor Recreation, Natural Resources Conservation and Historic Preservation in the United States.” October 2011. http://www.trcp.org/assets/ pdf/The_Economic_Value_of_Outdoor_Recreation.pdf 57. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation Division. “Michigan Public Boat Launch Directory.” Undated during the Engler administration (1991-2003). http://www.michigan.gov/documents/btaccess_23113_7.pdf 57. Great Lakes Commission, for the United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Recreational Boating’s Economic Punch.” December 2008. http://www.glc.org/recboat/pdf/rec-boating-final-small.pdf http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/_kd/Items/actions.cfm?action=Show&item_id=6197&destination=ShowItem Great Lakes Recreational Boating report in response to PL 106-53, Water resources development act of 1999, US Army Corps of engineers, Dec. 2008 60. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. “Value of Wildlife to Michigan.” Undated. http://www.michigan.gov/ dnr/0,4570,7-153-10370_30909_43606-153356--,00.html 60. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. “75th anniversary of Pittman-Robertson Act is a perfect time to celebrate hunters’ role in conservation funding.” August 2012. http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10366_46403-284662-,00.html 67. Interlochen Public Radio. “Art Around the Corner – Frankfort’s Post Office Mural.” February 2012. http://ipr.interlochen. org/art-around-corner/episode/18226 68. National Parks Service National Register of Historic Places. “Telling the Stories: Planning Effective Interpretive Programs for Properties Listed in the National Register of Historic Places bulletin,” Ron Thomson and Marilyn Harper. 2000. http://www.nps. gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/interp.pdf 68. National Parks Service National Register of Historic Places. Database. Varying dates. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ natreghome.do?searchtype=natreghome 69. Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy. “The United States Lighthouse Service.” Last modified June 2011. http://www. michiganlights.com/lighthouseservice.htm 69. terrypepper.com. “The Lighthouses of Lake Michigan.” Last modification date varies; July 2004-January 2007. http://www. terrypepper.com/lights/lake_michigan.htm 78. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Education Pays.” March 2012. http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm 79. Esri. “Tapestry Segmentation Reference Guide.” 2012. http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/tapestrysegmentation.pdf 84. Metlesits, Dave. “Season 1-2 dash in Photoshop” (illustration of KITT car dashboard from “Knight Rider”). April 2007. http://davemetlesits.deviantart.com/gallery/10189144?offset=24#/dvkxfu �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i v Tab 4 – by Subject Economics United Stated Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Industries at a Glance. Manufacturing: NAICS 31-33.” Data extracted February 2013. http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag31-33.htm United Stated Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Industries at a Glance. Retail Trade: NAICS 44-45.” Data extracted February 2013. http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag44-45.htm ReferenceForBusiness.com. “Service Industry.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/ScStr/Service-Industry.html Esri. “2011 Methodology Statement: Esri Data—Business Locations and Business Summary.” March 2012. http://www.esri. com/~/media/Files/Pdfs/library/whitepapers/pdfs/esri-data-business-locations.pdf University of Washington West Coast Poverty Center. “Poverty and the American Family.” 2009. http://depts.washington.edu/ wcpc/Family United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Highlights of Women’s Earnings in 2009.” June 2010. http:// www.bls.gov/cps/cpswom2009.pdf Commuting Center for Neighborhood Technology. “H+T Affordability Index.” Data extracted March 2013. http://htaindex.cnt.org/about. php; http://htaindex.cnt.org/map/ Slate.com. “Your Commute Is Killing You,” Annie Lowrey. May 2011. http://www.slate.com/articles/business/ moneybox/2011/05/your_commute_is_killing_you.single.html (studies cited: http://www.gallup.com/poll/142142/wellbeinglower-among-workers-long-commutes.aspx; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829205000572; http:// ideas.repec.org/p/zur/iewwpx/151.html) Traffic Counts Michigan Department of Transportation. Average daily traffic map. 2011. http://mdotwas1.mdot.state.mi.us/public/maps_ adtmaparchive/pdf/2011adt/AADT_STATE_FrontPg-2011_29x30_NO_INSETS.pdf Michigan Department of Transportation. Traffic monitoring information system. Built October 2007; data extracted March 2013. http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ Infrastructure PEI Infrastructure Investor. “What in the world is infrastructure?” Jeffrey Fulmer. July / August 2009, p 30–32. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | � American Society of Civil Engineers. “Report Card for America’s Infrastructure.” 2013. http://www.infrastructurereportcard. org/ The Economist. “D (for dilapidated) plus: Slightly better roads and railways, but don’t live near a dam.” April 6, 2013. http:// www.economist.com/news/united-states/21575781-slightly-better-roads-and-railways-dont-live-near-dam-d-dilapidated-plus Michigan.gov. Mi Dashboard. Data extracted March 2013. http://www.michigan.gov/midashboard/0,4624,7-256-59631--,00.html Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council. “PASER Collection.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/ MITRP/Educ_Training/PASERCollection.aspx Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Public Service Commission. “Michigan Service Areas of Electric and Gas Utilities.” Data extracted March 2013. http://www.dleg.state.mi.us/cgi-bin/mpsc/electric-gas-townships. cgi?townsearch=p* Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Public Service Commission. “MPSC Issues Annual Report on Renewable Energy.” February 2013. http://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/0,4639,7-159-16400_17280-295134--,00.html United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Michigan Renewable Energy Maps.” Data extracted March 2013. http://www. epa.gov/renewableenergyland/maps_data_mi.htm Connect Michigan. “My ConnectView” interactive map. Data extracted March 2013. http://www.connectmi.org/interactivemap Merit Network. “Merit’s ARRA Projects: REACH-3MC Fiber-Optic Network Update.” February 2013. http://www.merit.edu/ documents/pdf/reach3mc/REACH-3MC_Project_Overview.pdf Land United States Geological Survey. “The National Map.” Accessed March 2013. http://nationalmap.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station. “Michigan Surficial Geology.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/gla/geology/images/mi-surfgeo.gif West Michigan Pike Association. “Maps, Routes, and Tourist Directory of the West Michigan Pike.” 1915. http://www. beachtowns.org/images/WestMichiganPike_1915Directory.pdf United States Geological Survey. “Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States: Emergent Wetland.” Last modified February 2013. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/wetlands/classwet/emergent.htm Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “The Sand Dunes Program.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.michigan. gov/deq/0,4561,7-135-3311_4114_4236-9832--,00.html �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i Data US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006-2010, Selected Social Characteristics (DP02), Selected Economic Characteristics (DP03), and Selected Housing Characteristics (DP04) Subject POPULATION 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) HOUSING OCCUPANCY Total Housing Units Owner-occupied Renter-occupied Seasonal/Recreational/Occasional use Vacant - For Sale, For Rent, etc. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Population 25 years and over Less than high school High school graduate and equivalency Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Percent high school graduate or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Population enrolled in school CLASS OF WORKER Civilian employed population 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers Unpaid family workers Private sector jobs INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2010 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) Total households Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $149,999 $150,000 to $199,999 $200,000 or more Median household income (dollars) Very low income Low income Moderate income High income Very high income Bear Lake Village Estimate Percent 288 318 286 283 NA 1.04% -1.01% -0.17% 169 85 33 23 28 169 50.3% 19.5% 13.6% 16.6% 237 20 103 42 33 22 17 (X) (X) 237 8.50% 43.50% 17.70% 13.90% 9.30% 7.20% 91.60% 16.50% 66 23.08% 140 140 109 26 1 77.90% 18.60% 0.70% 4 78.6% 2.90% 139 6 2 27 33 42 13 13 3 0 0 35,625 35 33 55 16 0 139 4.30% 1.40% 19.40% 23.70% 30.20% 9.40% 9.40% 2.20% 0.00% 0.00% (X) 25.2% 23.7% 39.6% 11.5% 0.0% Per capita income Median earnings for workers (dollars) Median earnings for male full-time, yearround workers (dollars) Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dollars) POVERTY All families All people Under 18 years Receiving food stamps Receiving cash assistance INDUSTRY Civilian employed population 16 years and over Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining Construction Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Transportation and warehousing, and utilities Information Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services Educational services, and health care and social assistance Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services Other services, except public administration Public administration Manufacturing to retail jobs Non-retail Retail, arts, accommodations, food Non-retail to retail, arts, acc., food 16,318 (X) 17,841 (X) 26,250 (X) 33,594 (X) (X) (X) (X) 23 7 8.90% 10.50% 19.50% 16.50% 5.00% 140 140 6 4% 9 10 8 18 0 6% 7% 6% 13% 0% 0 0 0% 0% 5 4% 20 14% 43 31% 7 5% 14 0.56 72 61 1.18 10% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i i EMPLOYMENT STATUS Population 16 years and over In labor force Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Armed Forces Not in labor force Civilian labor force Percent Unemployed Jobs per 1,000 residents Non-service jobs per 1,000 residents COMMUTING TO WORK Workers 16 years and over Drove alone Carpooled Public transit (except taxi) Walked Other means Worked at home Workers who commute Commuters who drive alone Mean travel time to work (minutes) HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Total households Average household size Average family size VETERAN STATUS Civilian population 18 years and over Civilian veterans ANCESTRY Total population American Arab Czech Danish Dutch English French (except Basque) French Canadian German Greek Hungarian Irish Italian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Russian Scotch-Irish Scottish Slovak Subsaharan African Swedish Swiss Ukrainian Welsh West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin) 264 167 165 140 25 2 97 165 (X) 490 189 264 63.30% 62.50% 53.00% 9.50% 0.80% 36.70% 165 15.20% 139 95 9 0 35 0 0 139 17.5 139 68.30% 6.50% 0.00% 25.20% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 68.35% (X) 139 2.4 2.73 139 (X) (X) 250 47 250 18.80% 334 26 0 0 11 9 77 22 22 100 0 0 26 13 0 30 28 0 0 16 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 334 7.80% 0.00% 0.00% 3.30% 2.70% 23.10% 6.60% 6.60% 29.90% 0.00% 0.00% 7.80% 3.90% 0.00% 9.00% 8.40% 0.00% 0.00% 4.80% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.80% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% OCCUPATION Management, business, science, and arts occupations Service occupations Sales and office occupations Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Production, transportation, and material moving occupations VALUE Owner-occupied units Median home value (dollars) MORTGAGE STATUS Owner-occupied units Housing units with a mortgage Housing units without a mortgage GROSS RENT Occupied units paying rent Median rent (dollars) HOUSE HEATING FUEL Occupied housing units Utility gas Bottled, tank, or LP gas Electricity Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. Coal or coke Wood Solar energy Other fuel No fuel used YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Total housing units Built 2005 or later Built 2000 to 2004 Built 1990 to 1999 Built 1980 to 1989 Built 1970 to 1979 Built 1960 to 1969 Built 1950 to 1959 Built 1940 to 1949 Built 1939 or earlier 221 37.60% 86 151 64 14.60% 25.70% 10.90% 66 11.20% 108 108 96,000 (X) 108 52 56 108 48.10% 51.90% 28 677 28 (X) 139 72 15 8 35 0 9 0 0 0 139 51.80% 10.80% 5.80% 25.20% 0.00% 6.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 193 6 0 8 2 29 36 17 34 61 193 3.10% 0.00% 4.10% 1.00% 15.00% 18.70% 8.80% 17.60% 31.60% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i i i US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006-2010, Selected Economic Characteristics (DP03)                                                                                                                                              �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i x Notes for US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006-2010, Tables S2403 and S2404 (following pages) Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables. The methodology for calculating median income and median earnings changed between 2008 and 2009. Medians over $75,000 were most likely affected. The underlying income and earning distribution now uses $2,500 increments up to $250,000 for households, non-family households, families, and individuals and employs a linear interpolation method for median calculations. Before 2009 the highest income category was $200,000 for households, families and non-family households ($100,000 for individuals) and portions of the income and earnings distribution contained intervals wider than $2,500. Those cases used a Pareto Interpolation Method. Industry codes are 4-digit codes and are based on the North American Industry Classification System 2007. The Industry categories adhere to the guidelines issued in Clarification Memorandum No. 2, “”NAICS Alternate Aggregation Structure for Use By U.S. Statistical Agencies,”” issued by the Office of Management and Budget. While the 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the December 2009 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities. Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization. Explanation of Symbols: 1. An ‘**’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate. 2. An ‘-’ entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 3. An ‘-’ following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution. 4. An ‘+’ following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 5. An ‘***’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate. 6. An ‘*****’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. 7. An ‘N’ entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 8. An ‘(X)’ means that the estimate is not applicable or not available. �                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Margin  Margin of  Margin of Margin of Margin of  Margin of of Error Error Error Error Error Error          Median earnings: Median earnings:  Male Female L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | � �                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Margin  Margin of  Margin of  of Error Error Error                                                                                                                                             Margin of  Margin of  Margin of Error Error Error          : Median earnings:  female L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i i Esri Business Analyst Financial Expenditures Bear Lake Village, MI_1 Bear Lake village, MI (2606460) Geography: Place Spending Potential Index Assets Market Value Checking Accounts Savings Accounts U.S. Savings Bonds Stocks, Bonds & Mutual Funds Annual Changes Checking Accounts Savings Accounts U.S. Savings Bonds Earnings Dividends, Royalties, Estates, Trusts Interest from Savings Accounts or Bonds Retirement Plan Contributions Liabilities Original Mortgage Amount Vehicle Loan Amount 1 Amount Paid: Interest Home Mortgage Lump Sum Home Equity Loan New Car/Truck/Van Loan Used Car/Truck/Van Loan Amount Paid: Principal Home Mortgage Lump Sum Home Equity Loan New Car/Truck/Van Loan Used Car/Truck/Van Loan Checking Account and Banking Service Charges Finance Charges, excluding Mortgage/Vehicle Average Amount Spent Total 75 $4,105.47 $484,446 86 $10,665.08 $1,258,479 91 $295.35 $34,851 62 $18,096.28 $2,135,361 51 108 387 $104.60 -$366.61 $54.31 $12,343 -$43,260 $6,409 98 74 64 $813.12 $428.87 $855.17 $95,948 $50,607 $100,910 59 67 $8,037.59 $1,202.46 $948,436 $141,890 63 80 74 76 $2,550.16 $73.45 $103.97 $104.89 $300,919 $8,667 $12,269 $12,377 68 83 74 79 $1,403.66 $95.06 $656.44 $558.96 $165,632 $11,217 $77,459 $65,957 79 64 $23.06 $138.03 $2,721 $16,288 October 11, 2013 Data Note: The Spending Potential Index (SPI) is household-based, and represents the amount spent for a product or service relative to a national average of 100. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Annual change may be negative. 1 Vehicle Loan Amount is the amount of a loan for a car, truck, van, boat, camper, motorcycle, motor scooter, or moped, excluding interest. Source: Esri forecasts for 2012 and 2017; Consumer Spending data are derived from the 2010 and 2011 Consumer Expenditure Surveys, Bureau of Labor Statistics. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i i i Business Summary Bear Lake Village, MI Bear Lake village, MI (2606460) Geography: Place Data for all businesses in area Total Businesses: Total Employees: Total Residential Population: Employee/Residential Population Ratio: by NAICS Codes Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Motor Vehicle & Parts Dealers Furniture & Home Furnishings Stores Electronics & Appliance Stores Bldg Material & Garden Equipment & Supplies Dealers Food & Beverage Stores Health & Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing & Clothing Accessories Stores Sport Goods, Hobby, Book, & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Nonstore Retailers Transportation & Warehousing Information Finance & Insurance Central Bank/Credit Intermediation & Related Activities Securities, Commodity Contracts & Other Financial Investments & Other Related Activities Insurance Carriers & Related Activities; Funds, Trusts & Other Financial Vehicles Real Estate, Rental & Leasing Professional, Scientific & Tech Services Legal Services Management of Companies & Enterprises Administrative & Support & Waste Management & Remediation Services Educational Services Health Care & Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Accommodation Food Services & Drinking Places Other Services (except Public Administration) Automotive Repair & Maintenance Public Administration Unclassified Establishments Total Source: Business data provided by Infogroup, Omaha NE Copyright 2012, all rights reserved. Esri forecasts for 2011. Bear Lake village, MI (26... 22 136 283 0.48 Businesses Number Percent 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 4.5% 1 4.5% 2 9.1% 3 13.6% 2 9.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 4.5% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 9.1% 2 9.1% 1 4.5% 0 0.0% Employees Number Percent 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 3 2.2% 6 4.4% 11 8.1% 20 14.7% 12 8.8% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 8 5.9% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 1.5% 7 5.1% 4 2.9% 0 0.0% 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 2 2 3 0 2 0 4.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.1% 0.0% 0.0% 18.2% 9.1% 9.1% 13.6% 0.0% 9.1% 0.0% 3 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 0 16 3 13 8 0 12 0 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 37.5% 0.0% 0.0% 11.8% 2.2% 9.6% 5.9% 0.0% 8.8% 0.0% 22 100% 136 100% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i v �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x v Appendix B Documentation A complete packet has been assembled that includes “Intent to plan” notices Draft distribution notices Public hearing notices All received comments Public hearing meeting minutes A copy of this packet is on file at Honor Village Hall. The documents are also available at www.lakestoland.org/bear-lake-village/master-plan/ As required by Michigan Public Act 33 of 2008, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act, the signed resolution adopting this master plan is on the inside cover. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x v i �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Implementation �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 5.1 Shared Community Priorities table 5.2 Volunteer card 5.3 Regional Collective Priorities table 5.4 Lakes to Land Master Plan covers M-3 M-7 M-7 M-11 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 Priority Sharing The original scope of work for the collaboration, designed at the very beginning of the process, was focused on respecting and honoring the individuality and unique qualities of communities while developing opportunities for partnership and collaboration. Given their potential utility to other communities, the appendix includes a generic copy of the resolutions that Lakes to Land governing bodies were asked to consider and pass to signify grassroots acceptance and understanding of Lakes to Land goals and principles. Just as Lakes to Land began within a collaborative framework, a culmination was envisioned in which all of the participating communities brought their completed master plans—whether written with Lakes to Land or independently—together to share their content and discuss the potential for implementation partnerships. The event was to be called a “Convention of Communities,” and would be both a working session and a celebration of the successful master planning process. But it’s hard to accurately predict the conditions at the end of a pioneering undertaking. The Leadership Team’s monthly meetings over the course of the year and a half spent writing the master plans forged some deep and personal connections among the communities’ planning commissioners and leaders, and excitement to share in each others’ work built as the drafts neared completion. There is a long, quiet administrative stretch between when a planning commission completes its draft and when it is formally and finally adopted, and the Leadership Team wanted to capitalize on and spread some of the enthusiasm before it dissipated. Accordingly, they invited planning commissioners and appointed and elected officials from all of the participating communities as well �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 2 LAKES to LAND LOCAL VEGGIE PLATTER Th, cniem. to, me Sall Grinnin& Kitchen, p,odur:a ;, &!way, ,n ,h;, «rkr, LOCAL FIRST. Michipn grown ,-,.,1 md ORGANIC durd. To rlw rnd, fM liJ/omng /oc,J /inns grtrw irems on this my: as the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians to a “Priority Sharing Meeting” on June 27, 2013. Fifty-nine people, including a couple of members of the public, attended. This unprecedented gathering of community planners and leaders was exciting and dynamic, occurring at the right time under the right circumstances—a situation that could hardly be planned even by the best planners. The meeting opened with a locallysourced, zero-waste feast of pizza and veggies organized by Crystal Lake Township leadership team member Sharron May. In preparation for the meeting, communities were asked to choose five priorities that could serve as an initial step to advance their goals and vision, and the consultant team presented the full list of 69 priorities before consolidating them into ten categories in order to indicate potential alliances. Demonstrating both the value and effect of momentum, Tim Ervin of Manistee Alliance for Success introduced a new grant awarded to the Initiative by the Michigan Department of Treasury for implementation and explained that the grant was written to target support for zoning and the development of an Agriculture Innovation District—both common themes that had emerged through the collaborative goal-setting process. Ten posters, one for each theme and its associated priorities, were affixed to the wall. Participants were given Brown's Family Orchards &- Honey, Onekama Echo Bend Farm. Arcadia Loving Dove Farm, Bear We Narrow Gauge Farms &- Forge, Beulah Potter Road Farm, Bear Lake Still Grinning Gardens, Frankfon Ware Farms, Bear Lake ~ .. EATING IS AN A GR/CULTURAL ACT... WENDELL BERRY N �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 3 5.1 Shared Community Priorities table Lakes to Land RE f: 10 AL I IT IATI V ~ SHARED COMMUNITY PRIORITIES AGRICULTURE Blaine Consider deve lop ing an agricu lture vita lity strategy Pleasanton Develop agricultu re -based economic deve lopment. Crystal Lake Ord in ances should be adopted and enforced from nuisances such as blight, noise, air, smoke, light and water pollution I Joyfield I Gilmore _ Honor rM ulti-townsh ip house hold dump day I Blight 1 Developme nt of a blight/junk ord inance. I Bea r Lake Twp 1 1 Develop an enforcable bl ight and junk ordi nance and take steps to implement it. Elimi nate bl ight Crystal Lake I !~?rove comm unication a~d cooperation between Crysta l Lake Towns hip and its citizens and other loca l units of governmen t. Manistee Reinstitute semi-an nu al meet ings with neigh boring townsh ips Ma nistee Expand/Use Web Page and Facebook to promote Manistee and link to CVB, Chamber & AES Crystal Lake Encouraged development in locations with public services and consiste nt with t he density, character, and development in the area and ou r Corn erstones Elberta Historic Life Savi ng Station Preservation 1 Joyfield Growth in light industry/smal l business (train ing, zon ing issues) Ma nistee Work w ith Main Street/ODA to recruit more business options 1---- - - - Ma nistee Promote Gu idebook for Economic Development/Job Creation Honor Develop design gu idel ines that expresses the community's vision for achieving a desired Village character. Arcadia Implement commercial streetscape improvements. 1 I Ma nistee Twp. ;-Bear Lak~-Village Page 11 Continue to we lcome construction of large retail stores in the township l Revitalize downtown Shared Priorities 06.27.2073 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 4 Lakes to Land RH: 10 Al I lll ATI V INFRASTRUCTURE: EXPAND AND IMPROVE Elberta 1 Sewer/Water infrastructu re I infrastructu re - w ireless, natura l gas IJoyfie ld Joyfie ld Townsh ip roads - assessment, upgrades, trai ls Blaine Develop a road improvement plan to cover mai ntenance, site plans (private roads) and good commun ication and coord ination with MDOT and Cou nty Road Gilmore Technology Commission . Project ana lysis and feas ibility study of insta Iling a san itary sewer system . Arcadia lr----------Arcadia Ut ilize and develop the faci lities at t he Pleasant Va lley Community Center to be . t he loca l and reg ional trail hub. Create and Improve Way-fi nd ing signage and Enha nce the commercial co rri do r ! t hrough t raffic controls and improved pedestrian/non-motorized access and offstreet parkin g. Adopt Energy Independence Plans, including commu nity energy generation and reduction in grid-based energy based on fossi l fuels. 1 I ! I I Fran kfo rt Fran kfort Affordab le sewer High-speed Intern et infrastructure -~-- - - - - - ------M-22 SCENIC HIGHWAY 1 M-22 Scen ic Highway Designation One kama M-22 corridor/ Scenic Heritage route - Pu rchase the vacant properties along South Street for the pu rpose of deve lop ing a pub lic access poin t to the Platte River. - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - , Penfold Park Marina (dredgi ng, raised boardwa lk/fishing deck, kaya k/canoe launch, con nect to Betsie Va lley Trai l) Elberta Elberta Elberta ! Fran kfort ! I Ma nistee Twp. I Bea r Lake Twp . ! Bea r Lake Vil lage Bea r Lake Vi llage ~ - RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES AND IMPROVE EXISTING FACILITIES Honor l - -- Gilmore XP. l - -- - - Elberta beach park development (parki ng, picn ic tables, restrooms, cha nging area, play area/lan dscaping) T°Elbe rta Dunes Sout h (trail si~ gn_s_, -be_n_c-he- s, loo kout platforms, natura l-h isto ry ! sign age, promote yea r rou nd activities, se If-composting style permanent I restrooms) ,..__--- ~ - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - < new sta nda rds fo r pu blic facilities in recreationa l destinations and I Create deve lop publ ic private partners hip(s) to bu il d these fac ilities I Provide more access to the Big Man istee I Develop a pa rks and recreation plan . I Rive r Commu nity Center I Pa rk Faci lity/Pu blic Restrooms ar Lake Vl llage_ _ s_ ye_a_r_R_e_c_ re_a_ti_o_ n _P_la_n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Page 12 Shared Priorities 06.27.2013 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 5 Lakes to Land Rf f. 10 Al I IT IATI V SPECIAL REGULATIONS/ ZONING Review and revise Rural Prese rvation Zon ing District of the Zon ing Ord inance Crystal Lake lBlaine Blaine , Elberta Gilmore lGilmore Honor IDevelop a scenic view protection plan Simplify PUD process , Zoning Ord inance critique and revision Fund ing to incorporate zon ing revisions and provide fo r legal review of zo ning ord inance . I Rura l scenic chari oteer prese rvation. Revisions to t he zon ing ordina nce. ! Fran kfort I Update the Zon ing Ord inance. I Update Parking regu lation.sand standard II · Develop Zon ing Ordinance(s) for Altern ative and Renewable Energy col lection, storage and use along with co nservation sta ndards that wi ll bri ng about the reduction in energy demand. Requi re buffers & connections between different land use districts I Pleasanton Fran kfort Manistee Twp . Manistee Twp. : Onekama Onekama TRAILS SYSTEM Gilmore I Stream line permitting processes , Zoning ord inance rewrite Protection of "Natural Resou rces" (wate rshed, agriculture, etc.) LAND AND WATER Trail Systems Pleasanton Develop a non-motorized transpo rt ation route through the Village linking the Village to the Sleeping Bea r Dunes Nationa l Lakeshore. Develop a mu lti-user tra il system t hroughout t he Township t hat also connects to regional trail systems. Arcadia Developme nt of blue and green non-motorized transportation tra ils. Bea r Lake Twp . Develop tra il systems t hroughout t he community and provide li nkages to regional trail systems. Onekama Bike/ hiking pathway/ trail pla n Joyfield Trails/ bri dge over Betsie River Cry~tal Lake Incorporate water quality and stor m water MDEQ BMP's into la nd use plan ning and zoning recesses . Develop a watershed plan, including management, committee and protection Honor Blaine Arcadia Manistee Twp . Page I 3 Develop a Watershed Plan. I Encourage buffers around lakes & streams Shared Priorities 06.27.2013 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 6 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 7 5.2 Volunteer card Lakes to Land RLC.:.10 AL INI II All Vl Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Sli, irf'd Prlorllk•s A Agriculture 8. Reduce Blight and Nuisance, Erm il: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ C. lmpro'-'3 (or,ynunication~ I am lntw.s!ld 1n waliin; on OM of tt- prioritia,: D. Ecooomic D<>Wk,pmoot E. Expand and l"l"o"" lnfra,tructure F. M-22 Scenic Highway G. Expand Racrootion and l~ra.... Facilitie, H. Spacial Regulation, / Zon ing Trail, Sy,tem, (Lend end Weter) J. Wotec Qua lily four sticker “dots” and asked to vote for the four topics they considered to be of the highest priority. As indicated by the table below, the topics that received the greatest number of votes were trail systems, infrastructure, and economic development. Each participant was also given a card with all ten of the priorities listed and asked to provide their names, contact information, and their top three choices of topics on which ••• Thank you! they would like to work. Based on that selection, they convened with other interested parties at the table marked with that topic’s letter for a discussion about that issue. In this way, the meeting both created a communication mechanism for future committee work and began to foster the relationships required to build it. In many ways, the Priority Sharing Meeting accomplished much of what was hoped would be done at the Convention of Communities by providing a forum to view and discuss the collaboration as a whole with fresh plans in hand, and by presenting the collaboration to a wider audience. Accordingly, later discussions among the Leadership began exploring the best format for the collaboration’s next steps with an eye toward turning the Convention of Communities into an event meant for a future purpose. 5.3 Regional Collective Priorities table REGIONAL COLLECTIVE PRIORITIES Priority Votes Trail Systems: Land and Water 31 Infrastructure: Expand and Improve 29 Economic development 28 Special Regulations / Zoning 25 Reduce Blight and Nuisances 23 Recreation: Expand Opportunities and Improve Facilities 19 Water Quality 16 Agriculture 15 M-22 Scenic Highway 9 Improve Communications 7 �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 9 Collaboration As the project’s focus began to shift from planning to implementation, it became clear that the structure of the collaboration may also need to adapt. Planning commissions are designated by Michigan law as the principal authors of a master plan, and so the candidates for members of a planning collaborative were relatively easy to identify. Implementation, on the other hand, is best practiced with all available hands. The preliminary work committees suggested at the Priority Sharing Meeting represented a possible pool of participants, but need a firmer formation and leadership. Items that rose to the top of the collaboration’s immediate needs included a new organizational structure to replace the one that had been guided by the project’s initial documents, the capacity to assume responsibility for that structure without the constant oversight of consultants, and partnerships with state agencies, foundations, and other entities who could assist with the implementation. An important step toward capacity building came with the training of 23 of the planning commissioners serving jurisdictions within the collaboration through the Michigan State University Extension Citizen Planner program. Those who took the class reported learning a great deal about planning in general and also had yet another opportunity to interact with other planning commissioners, sharing strategies and forming relationships. Being armed with knowledge is important, but putting that knowledge to use is what L2L is all about. With the master plans written, communities are faced with the charge of implementing them. After several meetings and discussions, a core group of Lakes to Land leaders with the help of Manistee Alliance for Economic Success recommended creation of a 501(c)(3) as the appropriate structure under which to organize the collaboration’s future efforts towards implementing the newly adopted master plans. Much of the work at developing this backbone entity is still being determined, but it is assured that the philosophy is based �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 0 on a community collective action model. communication were bandied about: process is waning to a narrow focus on The desire is to help communities Would it be better to have the agency adoption procedures, the collaborative collaborate and co-generate knowledge present all its options and then try to fit structure that produced an in order to achieve community change. one as closely as possible? Or should unprecedented nine coordinated plans, This organization would be a framework L2L representatives lay their case on the woven together with shared geography for cross sector implementation and table and ask the agency to design a and concerns, continues to hum with collaboration, providing a backbone procedure around it? Would it be better anticipation. Work has begun on of support services to L2L participants to talk to a number of partners at once launching a food innovation district, to help implement and achieve their to garner a “big-picture” discussion, designating an M-22 scenic byway, priorities and goals. The entity would or would one-on-one meetings and new protections for the Arcadia be a hub for a collective action model allow for more attention to detail? Lake watershed. With the assistance that would develop and “connect the Meetings have been held with regional of the Executive Office, a meeting dots” between public agency, private representatives from the Michigan has been held with State department foundation, academic and other resources Department of Natural Resources, leadership to review the process, and master plan priorities, including Michigan Department of Environmental results, and priorities of the L2L. In those involving multiple jurisdictions. Quality, and the Michigan Department addition, L2L is also on the agenda for The application and the October Annual supporting documentation Meeting of the “The master plan is not the most has been prepared and Council of Michigan the official filing with the Foundations. valuable thing that has come from Internal Revenue Service Foundations will is anticipated in 2014. learn about L2L and, this. Building relationships has more importantly, The implementation arm have an opportunity of the L2L Initiative is been the biggest value. The network to become part of also faced with a larger a collective action question centered on the is being built from the citizens up.” framework for involvement of partners. implementation. Many, such as the Michigan Another Department of Natural Resources, had of Agriculture and Rural Development, implementation grant opportunity is very clearly-outlined procedures for any and both the “backbone entity” and the being developed that would design a given community to request grant funds implementation partners are learning water and land trail system within the and other assistance, but no procedures together how to collaborate to fulfill region, connecting with trails outside at all to accommodate a request each others’ goals. This is a process that of the region and look at ways that L2L shared among many communities. This will no doubt continue into the future. participants can better manage and represented more of an opportunity than develop recreational assets. an insurmountable hurdle, especially At the time of this writing, the above given the gubernatorial administration’s mentioned questions continue to be a Even as these steps toward tangible overall emphasis on collaboration as topic of discussion and action among progress are underway, it is also evidenced by a complete restructuring the Leadership Team members, a roster appropriate to reflect on a passage of the state’s revenue sharing program that has swelled over the last two from the April 2014 minutes of the L2L to reward communities that could years to include the Little River Band of Leadership Team: “The master plan demonstrate wise use of resources Ottawa Indians as well as additional is not the most valuable thing that has through shared services. However, it planning commissioners and other come from this. Building relationships is always challenging to make broad officials who have taken an interest has been the biggest value. The changes to business-as-usual in a large in the project as it has grown. Even network is being built from the citizens bureaucracy, and several methods of as attention to the master planning up.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 1 5.4 Lakes to Land Master Plan covers Pl ... ~ES 10 ,A>-40 ~£G1Vl'.A eosontOn Tiownsh-.,pP · · - c 1-..1 fl Al - Land ~ -4. . ""_P..Ie ond i · , ,- �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 2 �JUL 2 4 :>nu VILLAGE OF BEAR LAKE COUNTY OF MANISTEE, MICHIGAN PLANNING COMMISSION RESOLUTION PLANNING COMMISSION RESOLUTION TO ADOPT VILLAGE OF BEAR LAKE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN WHEREAS, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MPEA) authorizes the Planning Commission to prepare a Master Plan for the use, development, and preservation of all lands in the Village; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission prepared a Community Master Plan and submitted the Plan to the Village Council for review and comment; and WHEREAS, the plan was distributed for review to entities identified in the MPEA; and WHEREAS, notice was provided to the entities as provided in the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on June 17, 2014 to consider comment on the proposed Community Master Plan; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds that the proposed Community Master Plan is desirable and proper, and furthers the use, preservation, development goals, and strategies of the Village; THEREFORE BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED AS FOLLOWS: ADOPTION OF THE VILLAGE OF BEAR LAKE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN. The Planning Commission hereby approved and adopts the proposed Community Master Plan, including all of the chapters, figures, maps, and tables contained therein, and forwards a copy to the Village Council and other entities as required by the MPEA. Motion by: Seconded by: �VILLAGE OF BEAR LAKE JUL 2 4 ?014 COUNTY OF MANISTEE, MICHIGAN VILLAGE COUNCIL RESOLUTION VILLAGE COUNCIL RESOLUTION TO ADOPT VILLAGE OF BEAR LAKE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN WHEREAS, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MPEA) authorizes the Planning Commission to prepare a Master Plan for the use, development, and preservation of all lands in the Village; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission prepared a Community Master Plan and submitted the Plan to the Village Council for review and comment; and WHEREAS, the plan was distributed for review to entities identified in the MPEA; and WHEREAS, notice was provided to the entities as provided in the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on June 17, 2014 to consider comment on the proposed Community Master Plan; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds that the proposed Community Master Plan is desirable and proper, and furthers the use, preservation, development goals, and strategies of the Village; and WHEREAS, the Village Council also finds that the proposed Community Master Plan is desirable and proper, and furthers the use, preservation, development goals, and strategies of the Village; THEREFORE BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED AS FOLLOWS: ADOPTION OF THE VILLAGE OF BEAR LAKE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN. The Village Council hereby approved and adopts the proposed Community Master Plan, including all of the chapters, figures, maps, and tables contained therein. Motion by: Seconded by: (ftrV-i,r Gl«),L-n:1:':l - f;;.1~ ~ [).;n }<.o n /-k-1.~t lS -- r+lJ$8/\_,ft2cnr> ,· I\.J _ L/~4- G~n /)lloc.,re_. - LJ~c ,Jc·YY\ fYl (~j II e L , At>serd,J'CL C--16-e__, :j[) h__,'\..'5 ,' I - ~ v.(!__ {l_ I) ~~-,_(=(' (~cl-; ,- - lj~,,.___ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bear-Lake_Master-Plan_2014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning Commission, Village of Bear Lake, Bear Lake Township, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-07 Title A name given to the resource Village of Bear Lake Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Village of Bear Lake Master Plan was prepared by the village's Planning Commission in July 2014. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Bear Lake (Mich.) Bear Lake Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/eefa42b3684b06255ea2efc334fd8ce4.pdf 823de0b386258229a0d07b7cbad1b518 PDF Text Text j' .•~-, Harley Ellington Pierce Yee Associates, Inc. Architects Engineers Planners Corporate Address: First Center Office Plaza 26913 Northwestern Hwy. Suite 200 Southfield, Michigan 48034 3132621500 FAX 313 2621515 Mailing Address: P.O. Box 5030 Southfield, Michigan 48086-5030 VILLAGE .OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan ' j October 1989 Prepared for: _j Village of Caseville Caseville, Michigan 1 .J J j J Funded under: Community in Transition Program Community Development Block Grant Michigan Department of Commerce HEPY Project No. 70250-00/ 1000 �TABLE OF CONTENTS VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community 0.velopmenl Plan Page INTRODUCTION 1 PLANNING WORKSHOP FOR PUBLIC INPUT PUBLIC COMMENTS 3 PLANNING GOALS 13 PLANNING UNIT SUMMARY 15 PLANNING CONCEPTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 20 SOUTH ENTRY CORRIDOR 25 WEST MAIN 27 EAST MAIN/PROSPECT 34 PINE STREET 38 NORTH ENTRY CORRIDOR 41 WOODED ISLAND 42 MAIN STREET MARINA 43 NORTH MARINA 47 MUNICIPAL 49 PROSPECT/VINE 51 COUNTY PARK 53 SOUTH BAY SHORE 55 SOUTHEAST QUADRANT .............. .................. .... . ~ 56 BEADLE ISLAND 57 PIGEON RIVER OXBOW 58 DUTCH TOWN NORTH BAY .............................................. SHORE ......................................... 59 60 �. LIST OF FIGURES VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community O . ~ I Plan Page Regional Context 1 Development Issues and Opportunities........................ 4 Planning Uni ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Community Development Master Plan........................... 22 Public Project Priorities 23 Implementation Priorities Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Pocket Plaza and Store Facade Enhancements.................. 31 Facade Enhancements-Before and After, Typical Enhancements 32 Village Center - Pocket Plazas, Streetscape Enhancements and Left-turn Lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 ·Prospect Street Commercial and Prospect/Vine Residential .... 37 Pine Street Commercial/Cultural District.................... 40 Pedestrian Walkway Features - Between Marina and Village Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Mini-Park at Vehicle Entrance to Marina..................... 46 �. INTRODUCTION VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Communaty Development Plan Caseville is a coastal village in Huron County, Michigan located on the Saginaw Bay, near the northern tip of the 'Thumb' region. The waterfront community is growing as a year-round vacation destination and resort area. ,. © NORTH REGIONAL CONTEXT In response to tremendous growth pressures; increasing demands on existing natural and physical resources; the desire to control and direct growth and preserve the small-town atmosphere important to residents, the Village and the Huron County Economic Development Corporation initiated this study. Its primary purposes are to understand these pressures, and to actively anticipate change and develop strategies for positive growth and development. The Caseville Community Development Plan describes physical planning projects based on the needs, opportunities and goals identified by the local residents and the planning firm of Harley Ellington Pierce Yee Associates, Inc. (HEPY). Planning projects were identified for seventeen planning units within the Village. October 19, 1989 Page 1 �INTRODUCTION VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan Each of the units is handled separately. Common and integrated solutions are proposed in order to meet the needs of each unit while creating a cohesive and integrated direction for growth. The Plan is intended to be used as a "living document." The needs and opportunities for each planning unit have been identified, some elements will remain and some will change over time. The Plan should be updated as projects are completed, new opportunities arise and as the resident's needs and demands change. A detailed list of these needs and opportunities, along with the recommendations for action, are given for each of the seventeen planning units. For publicly fundable projects, implementation priorities and funding opportunities have been identified. October 19, 1989 Page 2 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS Community 0.velOpment Plan PLANNING WORKSHOP FOR PUBLIC INPUT: Members of the Harley Ellington Pierce Yee Associates, Inc. (HEPY) Site Planning Department spent three days in Caseville, Michigan during July, 1989. The purpose of the trip was to document the existing conditions and to gain public input into the planning process for the Community Development Plan. HEPY's goals in this effort were threefold: 1. Meet with members of the Village Planning Commission and Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to learn the project's history, identify issues, and establish goals and objectives. 2. Meet with the residents of the Village of Caseville and Caseville Township to learn their ideas and concerns for the Village. 3. Conduct on-site investigations and observations and photograph existing conditions. A Public Workshop was held for all interested residents. During the workshop, seven issues were identified with residents expressing their concerns and ideas, along with their opinions regarding problems and opportunities for each. (Refer to the Development Issues and Opportunities Plan, p. 4.) The results of the public workshop are summarized below. It is important to note that this was a public brainstorming session and although the ideas are recorded here, all of them may not necessarily be incorporated into the final planning recommendations. Additional formal and informal public meetings were held in August and September, 1989 to present the planning findings and recommendations. Public comments were evaluated and when feasible, incorporated into the final recommendations. The final planning recommendations are covered in the fourth section of this report, beginning on p. 20. A graphic plan of the final recommendations is found on p. 24. October 19, 1989 Page 3 �• Traffic and Parking ~ Pedestrian Circulation and Amenities • Commercial Development ~ Resort and Tourism • Image and Identity • Historic and Natural Resourcea • Recreation ~•--••• "T ' " ' - Ill -· c.oelllloltta ~11C",1"21&. -~it-· .... ,... r 0 r ... V r ~ 4 0 ,L ::, ,: f'-e•1De,.T1,..~ C A&J"-1G••Tu,-,-.'"_;J f . .t VILLAGE OF CASEVILll Carnuily o,,.~f'llli ~~~©~~~mo~~~~~ ®ffiXgJ ©~ffiU~ITTn]~~ •=-:.!_- October 19, 1989 Page 4 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS PLANNING ISSUE: TRAFFIC AND PARKING NEEDS: o Improved automobile circulation through and around the downtown. Driving through Caseville is now very difficult during the summer months, particularly on weekends. o A system to improve left turns from or onto Main Street. All left turns are now difficult and cause congestion and traffic backups, especially left-turns into the new Village marina. o Improved site distances onto Main Street. Visibility around parked cars is poor, particularly for drivers attempting to enter Main Street from a side street. o An alternate river crossing for vehicles. The two-lane Main Street bridge is the only existing route across the Pigeon River. This presents a problem for emergency access to and from Caseville, and also causes congestion when southbound M-25 narrows from four lanes to two at the bridge. o Additional parking in the downtown area and at the marina. OPPORTUNITIES: o Improve circulation and safety in the downtown through: • • • • o Installation of a traffic light Installation of a left turn lane Better law enforcement of the speed limit and use of traffic policemen on key weekends Rebuilding or widening of the bridge Plan for a downtown by-pass via: • • Sturm Road or Gatestone Road (east of town) River Street, with a drawbridge for sailboats o Remove parking from Main Street. o Encourage shop and business own~rs and employees to park in parking lots and leave the parking spaces in front of their businesses for their customers. o Restore parking to Main Street in the off-season. October 19, 1989 Page 5 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE . Community Development OPPORTUNITIES: o PLANNING ISSUE: TRAFFIC AND PARKING (con't) Develop off-street parking lots to accomodate relocated and increasing demands for parking. Possibilities include: • • • • • • o Plan WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS Marina septic field area (when installation of the sanitary sewer is complete) Vacant lot by the IGA School parking lot, with possible need for shuttle service Eastern portion of the county park Existing alleys and adjacent lots Business and church lots during non-business hours Encourage shops and businesses to share in the development of off-street parking. October 19, 1989 Page 6 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS PLANNING ISSUE: PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION AND AMENITIES NEEDS: o Improved pedestrian safety, particularly for elderly and handicapped residents, when crossing Main Street. o Convenient access to the County Park beach. o A walking route for locals and visitors, with access to the Post Office and marina. OPPORTUNITIES: o Physically designate pedestrian crosswalks in the downtown. o Develop pedestrian and bicycle routes to points of interest. o Develop a waterfront boardwalk. October 19, 1989 Page 7 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS Community Development Plan PLANNING ISSUE: COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS: o Businesses that are open year-round. Residents estimate that 60-80% of the local businesses remain open for only four months a year. o Planning which accomodates this four month tourist season peak, while considering and respecting the needs of the twelve month resident. o Control of the size and increasing number of signs and billboards. o Control of the location of factories in relation to Main Street and downtown. o Improved views from the marina area to the backside of the buildings. o Input and guidance by the Village into the future of the Wooded Island and surrounding waterfront/wetland. OPPORTUNITIES: o Encourage motels, shops and restaurants to remain open yearround in conjunction with activities which extend the tourist season. o Develop facilities to enable Caseville to serve as a year-round conference center. o Provide housing opportunities for seniors (apartments, condominiums, etc.), and encourage year-round residence. o Provide a physical location and infrastructure for clean, hi-tech industry. o Encourage development of the Wooded Island that is coordinated with the goals of the community. October 19, 1989 Page 8 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS Community Development Plan PLANNING ISSUE: RESORT AND TOURISM NEEDS: o Services and facilities to accomodate the four month peak in tourism. o Year-round recreation and tourism opportunities. o Off-season promotion and town visibility. OPPORTUNITIES: o Plan for facilities and businesses, both indoors and outdoors, to accomodate off-season events. o Provide outdoor winter opportunities that are an alternative to snow and ice-based recreation. o Encourage high quality hotels, shops and restaurants that cater to tourist needs. o Provide parking to meet the tourism demand. October 19, 1989 Page 9 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS Community Developmenl Plan PLANNING ISSUE: IMAGE AND IDENTITY NEEDS: o Enhancement of the existing County Park site. in the county park is an eyesore. The trailer park o A waterfront community park. o Removal of the "junk" (abandoned lumberyard and industrial facilities) that is visible when entering town from the south. o An attractive solution for the open county drain; it is currently an eyesore. OPPORTUNITIES: o Remove the trailers from the County Park and recreate a community park. o Develop indoor and outdoor, large and small scale, cultural arts centers, including a: • • • Performing arts center Amphitheatre Gazebo o Provide facilities for the development of Caseville as a winter paradise and continued development as a resort community. o Rename the village Port Elizabeth; its original name, to reference its water-oriented location and development. October 19, 1989 Page 10 • �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS Community Development Plan PLANNING ISSUE: HISTORIC AND NATURAL RESOURCES NEEDS: o Recognition and maximizing of the tremendous natural resources and potential of the Wooded Island. o Sensitive planning for the future of the waterfront and wetland surrounding the Island. o Recognition of the historic resources of Caseville. OPPORTUNITY: o Create marina space in conjunction with the development of the Island. o Work with the developer to create public park space on the Island. o Preserve existing structures of historic interest and importance • .., , October 19, 1989 Page 11 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PUBLIC COMMENTS Community Oeveloe>IMOI Plan PLANNING ISSUE: RECREATION NEEDS: o Recreation places and activities for youth. o Shade and landscaping for the park near the school. o A Village pedestrian system. o A fish cleaning station. OPPORTUNITY: o Develop a cultural/youth center near the downtown. o Develop a multi-purpose recreation center, with provisions for: • • • Swimming pool Indoor ice rink Convention arena o Develop a bowling alley southwest of downtown, near other commercial recreation. o Convert the trailer park back into a community park. o Develop a waterfront boardwalk that creates and takes advantage of views, the drama of the bluffs, and the ability to get close to the water. o Consider a pedestrian drawbridge to get to the islands. o Maximize the recreation potential of the Pigeon River east of the beach and the Main Street bridge. o Develop cross-county ski trails. o Develop a public fish cleaning station in conjunction with the breakwater/DNR park. October 19, 1989 Page 12 J �WORKSHOP PLANNING GOALS: VILLAGE. OF CASE.VILLE. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN GOALS: At the conclusion of the Public Workshop and meetings with the Village Planning Commission, the following goals were developed for the Community Development project. The goals are derived from concerns expressed by residents and needs and opportunities observed by the HEPY planners. TRAFFIC AND PARKING: o Improve circulation patterns to facilitate safe, efficient travel and minimize congestion in the downtown. o Explore ~lternatives for a M-25 by-pass. o Recommend alternatives and implementation strategies for offstreet parking that is convenient to downtown. PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION AND AMENITIES: o Recommend street and walk treatments that encourage safe crosswalks and enhanced streetscapes. o Designate a pedestrian walk through the Village and the waterfront. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT: o Develop a comprehensive community plan that encourages a diversified economic base that will provide year-round benefit to the Village. o Provide guidelines for commercial growth that will encourage change in a direction that is in the best interest of the entire community. RESORT AND TOURISM: o Facilitate development that will contribute to a vital, exciting resort climate and will enable Caseville to expand as a year-round vacation destination and paradise . . October 19, 1989 Page 13 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WORKSHOP PLANNING GOALS: Community Development Plan IMAGE AND IDENTITY: o Recommend downtown and Village-wide enhancement guidelines that will enable businesses and the Village to participate in the creation of Caseville as a high-quality place to live and vacation. HISTORIC AND NATURAL RESOURCES: o Take advantage of the tremendous diverse natural resources of the waterfront Village. o Recognize, preserve and enhance the historic resources of Caseville. RECREATION: o Expand and create a broad range of year-round recreation opportunities for the residents and visitors of Caseville. October 19, 1989 Page 14 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE PLANNING UNIT SUMMARY Convnunity Development Plan For study purposes, the Village can be divided into seventeen planning units. The units have similar and/or compatible land use needs and opportunities. Each of the units is summarized below and graphically described on the Planning Units Plan, p. 16. SOUTH ENTRY CORRIDOR: The South Entry corridor extends from the Village limit northeast to Kinde Road, along State Highway M-25/Main Street. It includes the U.S. Post Office, a disc golf park, a water slide and pizzeria, a roller rink, a small animal clinic, a lumberyard and other small businesses and undeveloped parcels. The corridor is very visible to US-25 travelers and has potential for conveying the overall Caseville Village image. This potential should be maximized. WEST MAIN: The West Main unit includes the western portion of the Village Center and extends from Kinde Road north to the bridge, and from Main Street west, roughly one block, to the Wooded Island and marina area. It includes downtown offices, restaurants, shops, a movie theatre and several vacant parcels. Within the downtown, street parking is inadequate and "through" traffic is limited to one lane in each direction. The bridge at the north end of downtown is the only existing Pigeon River crossing servicing Caseville through traffic. EAST MAIN/PROSPECT: The East Main/Prospect unit is the eastern portion of the downtown district and parallels the West Main unit. The unit extends from Main Street, east one block, and includes the western side of Prospect. East Main is similar in character to West Main and includes downtown commercial and service businesses. The Caseville Village and Township offices are located at the southern edge of downtown, on Main Street, and the Village Square is a corner park at Main and Pine. Prospect includes limited commercial developments, several churches, residences and vacant parcels. Due to existing land use patterns and its proximity to downtown, the area has great potential for continued downtown commercial development. October 19, 1989 Page 15 �~~., .. ·--·~ ~ ...... ,I - ·-~-- -,. __ _ --~-----= M~!1~·~9·1 p? I G ,· - - - r ,- . -. • " .r ' L October 19, Page 16 1989 ,L �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE PLANNING UNIT SUMMARY Community Development Plan PINE STREET: The Pine Street corridor extends east from Main Street to the school. The corridor includes a bed and breakfast, a laundromat, single family residences, an adult group home and several vacant parcels. Pine Street has strong potential to link the Village Center commercial area to the Municipal unit on the eastern edge of the Village. NORTH ENTRY CORRIDOR: The North Entry corridor includes State Route M-25/Main Street and extends from the Pigeon River Bridge north to the Village limit. Existing uses include several ice cream and sandwich shops, t-shirt and gift shops, a historic church, the Catholic church, entrances to the County Park and waterfront homes, apartments and undeveloped parcels. WOODED ISLAND: The Wooded Island is located close to the Village Center, adjacent to Main Street and the Caseville Harbor. It is surrounded by an old river channel which is only partially navigable. The DNR has designated a portion of the area for wetland preservation. The designated area is approximately half on the old river channel. (Refer to the Community Development Master Plan, p. 22.) Sole access to the Island is via a land bridge at the Caseville Harbor. The Island is highly visible from the Village Center and the Harbor. The Island is privately owned and currently undeveloped, although the owner has begun planning for development. It has a mature hardwood stand, but a portion has been cleared and stripped for harbor fill material. MAIN STREET MARINA: The Main Street Marina includes the new public Caseville Harbor and privately owned marinas. The public harbor includes a parking lot, but it is inadequate for current and projected parking demands. The area is easily accessed by pedestrians in the Village Center. October 19, 1989 Page 17 . I �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE -- PLANNING UNIT SUMMARY Community Development Plan NORTH MARINA: The North Marina unit is north of the Pigeon River bridge and includes water frontage on the channel and the Saginaw Bay. It includes privately owned marinas, the Bluffs (a high area overlooking the Bay and the Village), a fish store, a trailer park, single-family homes, a DNR park with parking lot, and the Breakwater. MUNICIPAL: The Municipal unit is located on the eastern edge of the Village. It contains the school with limited outdoor recreation facilities, a Village/Township park, the water treatment plant, and water tower. A portion of the unit is Village land which provides public access to the Pigeon River. The land is currently undeveloped. PROSPECT/VINE: The Prospect/Vine unit lies between the downtown/commercial districts and the Municipal unit. It is within easy walking distance of both units. The unit is primarily single-family residential and vacant parcels. The county drain runs through the unit and empties into the Pigeon River, north of Pine Street. COUNTY PARK: The County Park is currently being used as a trailer park for permanent and transient trailers. The permanent trailers are left in place during the off-season, but are not occupied. There is a sandy swimming beach along the Bay side of the Park. The beach is open to the public, but access is not direct and the destination is not easily found by first-time visitors. This area is important as an image area for those entering Caseville from the north. SOUTH BAY SHORE: The South Bay Shore unit is primarily residential and includes waterfront lots and the senior citizen housing complex. October 19, 1989 Page 18 �VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE PLANNING UNIT SUMMARY Community Development Plan SOUTHEAST QUADRANT: The Southeast Quadrant unit includes several industrial developments, but is primarily undeveloped. Historically, railroad service to Caseville was located in this area. currently, the right of way (R.O.W.) is all that remains of the empty bed. Much on the unit is wooded and/or low with wet soils. BEADLE ISLAND: Beadle Island is a triangular parcel surrounded by the Saginaw Bay on the west, the ice channel on the south and the Pigeon River on the northeast. The Island is primarily single-family residential and includes a yacht club and marina space. Access to the Island is limited to the River Road causeway which floods during highwater. PIGEON RIVER OXBOW: The Oxbow residential unit is located northeast of the Village Center and north of the bridge. It is primarily single-family residential with private riverfront docks. DUTCH TOWN: Dutch Town is in the northeastern portion of the Village. primarily single-family residential. It is NORTH BAY SHORE: The North Bay Shore single family residential unit is located in the northwestern portion of the Village. Lots are long and narrow with frontage on the Saginaw Bay. The area is heavily vegetated and visible from the North Entry corridor and the waterfront. Note: Generally, the residential units (North and South Bay Shore, Beadle Island, Pigeon River Oxbow, and Dutch Town) are stable residential areas which should continue to function as they do today. There is no need for changes in land uses. Infill of high-quality residential should continue. October 19, 1989 Page 19 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Developmenl Plan PLANNING CONCEPTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This final section of the Caseville Development Plan examines the seventeen planning units from a physical planning point of view, and incorporates resident comments generated at the public workshop and subsequent meetings. Input from potential funding agencies has also been incorporated. First, Planning Needs and Opportunities for each unit are introduced, followed by specific project recommendations, implementation priorities and possible funding opportunities. The Community Development Master Plan, p. 22, highlights the development concepts and final recommendations to be pursued for positive growth and change in Caseville. The Planning Recommendations are given in response to the project goals and taking advantage of opportunities for economic growth and change. The Project Priorities identify public master planning and development projects with consideration for: 1. The public's needs and opinions as expressed in the workshop and public meetings. 2. The feasibility and logical sequencing of implementing the projects. 3. Possible funding sources and current likelihood of funding. The projects and funding opportunities are graphically depicted on the Public Project Priorities Plan, p. 23. A list of Funding Opportunities is given following the project priority discussion. The following list is a summary of funding opportunities currently available. It is important to understand that grant opportunities are continually changing. Once a project is identified, current funding opportunities should then be explored. Projects should not be identified for development just because funding is currently and readily available. Instead, projects should be developed because they are in accordance with the Village development goals and master plan. It is advisable to remain faithful to the plan and wait for funding grants and loans to become available and to continually explore new and unfamiliar funding possibilities. October 19, 1989 Page 20 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES: (Con't) 1. DNR - Michigan Department of Natural Resources The DNR offers a variety of grants, including monies for: Coastal Zone Management; waterfront recreation and tourism "showcases" (a showcase is a form of recreation that attracts users from a distance of more than thirty miles); user-oriented recreation, as opposed to spectator-oriented recreation; open space acquisition and development; linear parks, trails, and boardwalks, particularly those parks that are a part of a open space recreation network, etc. 2. DOC - Michigan Department of Commerce The DOC also offers a variety of grants, including monies for: site and building acquisition; streetscape enhancement (walks, landscape, lighting, etc.); parking lots; infrastructure; etc. 3. MOOT - Michigan Department of Transportation MOOT offers grants for roadway and safety improvements. 4. TIFA/DDA - Tax Increment Financing Authority TIFA is a local program, established under state-enabling legislation and managed by the Downtown Development Authority (ODA). Downtown economic development projects, such as streetscape enhancements, parking lot development, and infrastructure improvements, can be financed through TIFA. Monies are generated through specialized utilization of tax revenues generated from State Equalized Value (SEV) assessments. 5. Revolving Loan Fund - Local banks agree to give low interest loans to the ODA, and/or to local businesses. Facade enhancements and similar physical improvement projects by business owners could be funded through the revolving loan fund. 6. National Endowment for the Arts - The endowment will finance projects of cultural and historic value. 7. Other - Other funding opportunities include private foundations; donations; developers; local governments, including Huron County and the Drain Commission; the Soil Conservation Service (SCS); and federal housing grants. October 19, 1989 Page 21a �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES: (Can't) Most grants have specific requirements which must be met to qualify for the grant. Various grants from the same departments may also have different requirements. For instance, application filing deadlines may or may not exist; matching funds may require cash and/or donated materials or labor; the percentage of matching funds varies; DOC grants generally require that projects demonstrate the creation of new employment opportunities; and the DNR requires that development projects be on locally controlled land, i.e. the local government must own the land or have a long-term lease. October 19, 1989 Page 21b �...... ,....,.,, 1-tmenta al Juno11n II DNII I.M4 ..,..... .,.......,MclOpe,i ..... Regulated Preaerv1tt1on Land Via,. Maio, ldlnlllloallon and -QI F"!llltl 11111,Ha, ~ .lour loot .TourltVCorr,,-oi.1 F.aolll- :.Audllorlum : i:~~rlQFoO, ~ .Expanded Play Fl1ld1 .Aacroallon F1oillllu .Plcntc AIH .L1ndtc1pe ----.. , '-~J. -" • ) · ·Rl$_ulated ,/ •·' • Preservltiton Land I • I~ ·II •' lmpro,,111'1n11 \ • . Olhor ! t \ I o -wator Tower ) .Super G,-!)hlc11 ; .Now ldonllty llllf lm1g1 w ..:: 0 - - -·· . ,"n:: - · ., ,' / , . $fngle Famn~· .Ao)i~l\llal ~: - ' ~- ...... - ·- :J Hltlooc Pro,..r\,oJlon ,., '!,.·, /·~ •"•\~•.,:~< ., r ~.... / . :,,, , . I ':;t.'/ _I"/.! ' 'c I / .I. ~ ._;.,~,.,.,' ' '. 't-<-t, ~ /,• / L' ,/• .t;-~ . .,!:,~; ,·i / ',·,. { .. ., ,·'>--:, '-,.. ' -..,l , . ·.~ ( ;Y:'.'4'.'\ ', :;I ,:~ ~ (', ;//~-~ ,l .1, -/... d t// . , . ...,_ R_.: ,((-, <o·.. r ! ~ l; ~ ' ..... ' . .. ;. ·-.,:1. ,., . , L . . . \ ~ I; . I I tr '. • ~~~~~JHM •u., ·\ 1 /.~~~ r ·-=~ ~ I ----. - · ·•oa \ !' ' N (1) • 11 light ·1,a""" \ 1on"1trd S1l11y lmproveMtnta lo Pqet Otlloe F~jUty I'd O '-"="a;.-~ lllO ~ , , Q rt \ii . (1) 0 .~•-· N Ralls 10 Tre,Ma Recreallon Loop ~ 'l it ,J . ~ ');' ~ ":~ ..<-. ;--i.~ :~:/. ' / ,. ,,:yrjr./. ,7tl/ . · Tootmotogy p.,k VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan \ Soptomber 27 . IQBQ • ==-_,,_...,..,._ --....... --,o .. ._ ·. J' :· �1.. -;• L I /. / . ~ At.~__ ..;,_ • .. .... .... ""'-:;" ~ - - -- j '" , -- ;. _ . ~:,,,. I /. County Park .COUNTY .ONR , ; I Breakwater and Pointe Park .Natl. Endowmen1 for the Arts I .DOC · .PRIVATE •• . ; ..__ ./ .ONA .DRAIN COMMISSION .FEDERAL HOUSING .PRIVATE 1 ~· ·' Vil.LAGE. Of CASE.VILLE. Comfflunoly_,.Plan ........, 2,,_ ,}F ... ,t. . :l.. , ..,\__ _ _ \ /· •==------- October 19, 1989 Page 23 �IMPLEMENTATION PRIORITIES VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community 0.tllC)Clmefll Plan SUMMARY Priority 1 • • • . Priority 2 Priority 3 PROJECT Marina/Main Street Interface • • • 'FUNDING DNR DOC Revolving Loan Fund Streetscape Enhancement Guidelines • • TIFA DOC Retail/Parking • • DOC Private Community and Cultural Arts Center . • • • DOC DNR TIFA National Endowment for the Arts • Parking • DOC • Streets cape Enhancement Implementation • • • • MDOT TIFA DOC Private • Village Walk Master Plan • • DNR Private • Breakwater and Pointe Park • DNR • Open Space Acquisition • DNR • County Park • • County DNR • Loop Road .• MOOT Local • Linear Park and Senior Citizen Housing • • • • DNR Drain Commission Federal Housing Private October 19, 1989 Page 24 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan SOUTH ENTRY CORRIDOR NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Diversified economic base. o Entry/image zone for traffic entering Caseville from the south. o Expanded commercial and off-season recreation facilities. o Retail developments. o Improved circulation at the U.S. Post Office. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Encourage development of additional alternative, year-round recreation opportunities, including: • • Bowling alley Driving range o Encourage commercial developments which are vehicle-oriented and include parking lots with landscape screening. o Implement landscape screening guidelines to buffer parking from views from M-25. o Coordinate building signage with Village-wide guidelines. o Develop restrictions for the quantity, size, location and materials of billboards. o Develop a coordinated automobile circulation system for the Post Office and future developments in the vicinity. Eliminate dead-end parking lots. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Streetscape Enhancement Guidelines: Priority 1 Develop guidelines for the corridor that detail treatments for signage, billboards, lighting, parking lot buffering, vehicle access and egress points, setbacks, pedestrian circulation, and landscaping. October 19, 1989 Page 25 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan - SOUTH ENTRY CORRIDOR PUBLIC PROJECTS: (Con't) Guidelines developed for this corridor should respond to the vehicle-oriented nature of the businesses. Funding Opportunities: • • o TIFA DOC Streetscape Enhancement Implementation: Priority 2 Implement the guidelines at existing public developments and parks. As private developments occur, the guidelines should also be implemented. Compliance to standards can be reviewed during the site plan review phase of development. Funding Opportunities: • • • • MOOT TIFA DOC Private October 19, 1989 Page 26 �.. PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan WEST MAIN NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Parking. o Improved vehicle and pedestrian circulation within and to the downtown. o A direct pedestrian link between the waterfront and the Main Street businesses. o Additional commercial developments to serve both tourists and year-round residents. o Pedestrian amenities/streetscape enhancements. o Visual enhancement guidelines, including select, open views to the marina and waterfront. o Enhancement of the rear (marina) side of existing Main street businesses. RECOMMENDATIONS: (Refer to Sketches of Pocket Plaza and Store Facade Enhancements, p. 31, Facade Enhancements, p. 32, and Village Center, p. 33.) o Locate surface parking lots within the Main Street corridor. Parking should be very accessible, with lots and/or entries being visible from Main Street. o Relocate on-street parking to surface lots within the downtown. o Develop a left-turn lane to extend the length of downtown Main Street. o Plant street trees and annuals as a part of a streetscape enhancement program. Also include pedestrian scale lighting, banners, benches, bold supergraphics (murals) on blank walls, and controlled signage. Encourage businesses to participate in the program through landscaping and painting of their own properties. o Develop the rear and/or sides of existing buildings to function as an inviting, attractive second front door. October 19, 1989 Page 27 �.- .. PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE WEST MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS: {Con't) o Develop second stories as office, residential or roof-top restaurants. o Develop in-fill commercial {shops, restaurants, etc.) to complete and enhance existing commercial. New developments should expand the "two front door" theme and cater to the boating/tourist audience, as well as the twelve-month resident. o Enhance and the boaters marinas o Install screen plantings in the existing IGA parking lot. o Implement a downtown streetscape/parking lot maintenance program in order to continually present Caseville as a clean, attractive, high-quality environment. the visual and physical linkages between the downtown waterfront. Take maximum advantage of the overnight {ie, visitors without cars) and the proximity of the to downtown. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Streetscape Enhancement Guidelines: Priority 1 Develop guidelines for the downtown commercial area that detail treatments for signage, banners, lighting, benches, planters, landscaping, pedestrian access/handicap ramps, and special paving. Guidelines developed for the downtown should respond to the various vehicle and pedestrian loads on specific streets and zones. The downtown should promote a character that is pedestrian-oriented, while providing for ease of vehicle circulation and parking. Guidelines for Main Street should include widening of sidewalks, removal of on-street parking and the addition of a left-turn lane to extend from Kinde Road to north of the bridge. Funding Opportunities: • • TIFA DOC October 19, 1989 Page 28 �·.. .. PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan WEST MAIN PUBLIC PROJECTS: o (Con't) Streetscape Enhancement Implementation: Priority 2 Implement the guidelines throughout the downtown commercial area, while first concentrating on Main and Pine Streets. Implementation of streetscape enhancements is contingent upon the provision of sufficient off-street parking. Funding Opportunties: • • • • o MOOT TIFA DOC Private Marina/Main Street Interface: Priority 1 Develop Pocket Plazas to accomodate pedestrian access between Plazas should include downtown parks of a character compatible with the Main Street Streetscape Enhancements. Plazas could highlight existing businesses and the potential for side entrances, outdoor sales tables and displays and increased downtown pedestrian traffic. Plazas could also provide shade, seating areas, public information kiosks, lighting, colorful landscaping, and a location for outdoor artists and performers. Main Street and the marina area. Funding Opportunities: • • • o DNR DOC Revolving Loan Fund Retail/Parking: Priority 1 This public/private venture includes the development of a commercial pocket on Main Street. It will include retail and service businesses. The new shops and restaurants will be accompanied by a municipal parking lot. Funding Opportunities: • • DOC Private October 19, 1989 Page 29 . �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan PUBLIC PROJECTS: o WEST MAIN (Con't) Village Walk Master Plan: -Priority 2 The Village Walk will be a network of walks, trails, boardwalks, bridges, and overlooks that wind throughout the Village. The Walk will be developed on public and private land with a system of loops that will accomodate residents and visitors desiring a short walk through the commercial area or a full Village tour, with opportunities to participate in a fitness course or cross-country ski tour. Funding Opportunity: • DNR October 19, 1989 Page 30 �Canopy Trees in plaza to Pedestrian lights and Banners and special paving provide shade and seasonal interest. to define walkways. Also include evergreens, shrubs and potted flowers. Events and Advertising Kiosk Outdoor Display and sales tables under colorful canopies._____ Facade Improvements and Enhancements Include painted accents, canopies, creative slgnage, etc. Pedestrian Street Lights and street trees planted in widened Main St. sidewalks. Utilize and Feature Side Entrances using canopies, signage and color. Seating Area with benches, ~ VILLAOI!. OP CASl!.VILLI!. e o . - , _ ..... special paving and potted !lowers. '"ti 0 '110 \.Q (I) rt tr 0 I..J (I) r-' 11 r-' I.O r-' I.O 0) I.O Pocket Plaza and • ttart.y1111ng1on Store Facade Enhancements.______________________ Pteroe_v_ .._.__...., __ 1no_. September 29. 1989 �• ( I • • • Facade Enhancements - Before Pocket Plaza with pedestrian amenities, Including walkways, shade trees, plantings. drinking fountain, benches, etc. Vehicle/Pedestrian Entry Combine entry tor service Y8hlcles entering the marina area or waterlront busines911S. Minimize entry ooints and collect and concentrate traffic In designated service and parking zones. Enhanoe 1nd ulMiZe upper stories tor restaurants, offices 1nd doM'otown, water oriented r .. ; • '"'1 \ ... I'd 0 '11 0 I.Q rt (l) 0 w (l) tr Feature Side Entries using awnings, using enhanced doorways tor serw:e. deliveries and shoppers. Use controlled slgnage on doorways or awnings. Enlarge and highlight windows tor llisibility and merchandise displays N t-( ....\D .... \D co \D apartments . colorful plantings and easy access. --._____ VIUAOI OP CASf.VILLl Facade Enhancements - After ,.._, ......, ._ Typical Trealments tor Buildings with Flat and Peaked Roofs October II . 1989 �II ~ i ~· ! ~ C ~ j ~ . ~ i f UJ l. 11 t! iiH H !~ ...Si ' in -. g ;; ~8 > (1. October 19, 1989 Page 33 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE EAST MAIN/PROSPECT NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o o Parking. Improved vehicle and pedestrian circulation within and to the Main Street business district. o A traffic light. o Additional commercial developments to serve tourists and yearround residents. o Pedestrian amenities/streetscape enhancements. o A Village entry/welcome statement at the south end of downtown. o Use of Prospect Street for future commercial/business developments. RECOMMENDATIONS: (Refer to Sketches of Village Center, p. 33, and Prospect Street Commercial and Prospect/Vine Residential, p. 37.) o Develop a system for surface parking and access that combines the existing alleys, empty lots and potential lots (to be donated or purchased). o Provide a direct link between the parking lots, shops, restaurants and the downtown. Include pedestrian amenities such as shade trees, annuals, shrubs, lighting, benches and directional/informational signage. o Develop an open green space on Main Street at the south end of the downtown. The park should serve as a stopping point on the pedestrian route and as a welcome statement for Caseville. o Retain and expand the Village Square at Main and Pine Streets. Include areas for seniors, perennial gardens and a gazebo for summer concerts. o Conduct summer traffic counts on Main Street for potential installation of a traffic light at the intersection of Main Street and Pine Street. October 19, 1989 Page 34 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan EAST MAIN/PROSPECT RECOMMENDATIONS: (Can't) o Encourage additional high-quality commercial developments along Main Street. Shops and offices should enhance the downtown character: high-quality, friendly, people-oriented, relaxing vacation destination. o Encourage commercial development on the west side of Prospect Street. Businesses should enhance the downtown, and facilitate a smooth transition between the downtown commercial and residential areas. o Develop a pedestrian crosswalk at the traffic light. Use special paving to visually and physically identify the area. o Screen parking lots that will remain on Main Street, including the bank, the Country House Restaurant, the fruit market, etc. Parking lots should be easily accessed and visible, yet screened to soften their visual impact. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Parking: Priority 1 Provide surface parking in a lot between Main and Prospect Streets and south of Pine Street. The lot should be well screened from neighboring residential and commerical users. should be well signed for the convenience of Main Street motorists. It Vehicle access to the municipal lot should be from Pine Street and the existing alley. Attention should be paid to views from the parking lot toward the commercial area. The businesses could accomodate pedestrians through the provision of a second front door and/or pedestrian passage, similar to the Main Street/Marina Interface project. Funding Opportunity: • o DOC Streetscape Enhancement Guidelines: Priority 1 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. October 19, 1989 Page 35 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan PUBLIC PROJECTS: EAST/MAIN PROSPECT (Con't) Funding Opportunities: o • TIFA • DOC Streetscape Enhancement Implementation: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. East Main will include a new loop road north of Pine Street, to provide an alternative route for vehicles traveling between the marina, downtown and municipal areas. The loop will also provide a link between Prospect _and Main Streets for motorists desiring an alternative to travel through the Village Center. Funding Opportunities: • • • • MOOT TIFA DOC Private October 19, 1989 Page 36 �II ~ i ~- October 19, 1989 Page 37 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE PINE STREET NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o A strong visual and physical link to the downtown and the school and municipal area. o Development as a commercial, cultural, and public use corridor. o Retention of the historic flavor of the street. RECOMENDATIONS: (Refer to Sketch of Pine Street Commercial/Cultural District, p. 40.) o Encourage development of a scale that is smaller and of a more intimate character than Main Street. Retain and enhance the existing architecture, large building setbacks (lawns, gardens, mature trees), porches, and black iron fences. o Encourage the development of Pine Street as a cultural/ commercial corridor that links the Village Center and the Community and Cultural Arts Center in the Municipal Unit. Pine Street developments could include art galleries, boutiques, outdoor lawn or porch tea rooms and additional bed and breakfasts. o Retain parallel parking on Pine Street. o Provide additional parking in surface lots easily accessed from Main or Pine Streets. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: 0 Streetscape Enhancement Guidelines: Priority 1 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. . Guidelines for Pine Street should reflect the more intimate character and uses of the corriqor, including existing historic structures, bed and breakfasts, continued provision of parallel parking, and the new Community and Cultural Arts Center at the east end of Pine Street. _; October 19, 1989 Page 38 . , �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE PINE STREET PUBLIC PROJECTS: (Con't) Funding Opportunities: o • TIFA • DOC Streetscape Enhancement Implementation: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. Funding Opportunities: • • • • MOOT TIFA DOC Private October 19, 1989 Page 39 �1h1 I11l ,lfi flt!· 1f ti J 11 i'. I t :J l Ii:I!h r-::~ I 1t 1 r •i r 1! Id ~u tit 111 1·1 jilIt ~ ~ •!5 ~ J !;; .! A. October 19, 1989 Page 40 - �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan NORTH ENTRY CORRIDOR ., NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Diversified economic base. o Entry/image zone for traffic entering Caseville from the north. o Motels and restaurants. o Professional offices. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Encourage professional office developments such as doctors' offices, accountants, etc. Developments should be highquality, quiet and compatible with adjacent residential areas. Businesses must provide on-site, screened parking. o Encourage the development of high-quality, year-round restaurants and motels, with on-site, screened parking. o Implement landscape screening guidelines to buffer parking from the Main Street/M-25 Highway. o Coordinate signage with Village-wide guidelines. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Streetscape Enhancement Guidelines: Priority 1 Refer to discussion for South Entry Corridor. Funding Opportunities: o • TIFA • DOC Streetscape Enhancement Implementation: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for South Entry Corridor. Funding Opportunities: • • MOOT TIFA • • DOC Private October 19, 1989 Page 41 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community o.~alcpment Plan WOODED ISLAND NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o A development master plan for the Island that maximizes the natural resources and the community and commercial potentials of the site. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Develop a year-round hotel and conference facility that harmonizes with the character of the existing woodland, yet maximizes views to the downtown and marina. o Create a park for residents and guests that takes advantage of the marina as a focal point, and the coastal wetland on the east side of the Island. The park could be a destination or stopping point on the Village Walk. o Incorporate boardwalks, overlooks, and the unique proximity of the Island to downtown. o Create additional marina space on the west side of the Island. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Village Walk Master Plan: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. Funding Opportunities: • • DNR Private October 19, 1989 Page 42 �·. PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE. OF CASE.VILLE. MAIN STREET MARINA NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Additional parking. o Park/marina overlook. o Strong link to Main Street businesses and the Village Center. o Improved vehicle circulation. RECOMMENDATIONS: (Refer to Sketch of Pedestrian Walkway Features, p. 45, and Mini-Park at Vehicle Entrance to Marina, p. 46.) o Purchase empty lots behind the Main Street businesses and develop a comprehensive, unified service, parking and open space plan to benefit the marinas and businesses. Utilize existing septic fields as parking and open spaces once the sanitary sewer is functional. o Utilize similar themes and materials for streetscape enhancements to visually tie together the Marina area and the downtown. o Develop a park and marina overlook on the existing steep slopes between the new Caseville Harbor parking lot and the water's edge at the Marina and wetland. The park should be included on the Village Walk. o The Marina area should appeal to holiday boaters and create a festive waterfront atmosphere through the use of colorful flags, umbrellas, benches, and artwork. o Create a two-way drive through the marina area to simplify circulation to and from Main Street, and create additional vehicle stacking sp&ce, i.e. stacking in both directions, for those waiting to load and unload boats. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Marina/Main Street Interface: Priority 1 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. October 19, 1989 Page 43 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan PUBLIC PROJECTS: HAIN STREET MARINA (Can't) Funding Opportunities: • • • DNR DOC Revolving Loan Fund October 19, 1989 Page 44 �I Primary Pedestrian and Landscape Island-----------.between Main St. and marina as unifying element and passive overlook area for marina viewing. Plant additional landscaping In existing marina parking lot islands to buffer views of parked cars and add color to the area. Building Enhancements to side entrances. visible from plaza. Include canopies and development ol roof deck activities. Landscape Plantings at base of buildings and ·super graphics' on blank walls. Streetscape Enhancements, and parking. Slope Stabilization between parking and marina. Include benches for viewing boats and water activities. between Main St. and marina. include festival elements for identity and interest. Service Zone (parallel or pull-in) at rear ol buildings. Buller from pedestrian zones. Including lighting. banners. street trees and special paving. Main Street Feature to identity pedestrian entrance to marina area. ~ VILLAGE OP CASEVILLE eon.-.,,_,... Pedestrian Walkway Features • Halieyl!:INngton Between Marina and Village Center ______________________________rterce __ '"_A_.._oc._,inc_ .. . September 29, 1989 �( Mini Park as connector between Main St. and marina area. Include pedestrian amenity area for shcppers and tourists, and outdoor sales areas with: lawn, paving, seating, landscaping, drink fountains, lighting, etc. Landscape Planting between vehicle and pedestrian circulation routes. ..___ _ Two-way Traffic between Main St. and marina parking and access/egress for service vehicles to west side ol businesses. ~ ---··-- VILLAO!!. OP CASl!.VILLI!. Mini Park at • ltarteylllln9t0n Vehicle Entrance to Marina _______________________......,. __,.._"-_-_....,_1nc_._ September 29. 1989 ....\0 (X) \0 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan NORTH MARINA NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o A comprehensive, multi-use development plan that addresses the physical and cultural diversity of the area, including the Bluffs, waterfront, historic church, historic Victorian house (now a funeral home), breakwater, DNR public open space and existing marinas. o A quality waterfront image. o Additional marina, resort, residential and commercial development. o Additional parking. o Improved signage. o Improved vehicle access. o Pedestrian circulation system. o Pedestrian scale lighting and seating on the breakwater. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Develop planning guidelines for the development of a commercial marina district. Include guidelines for signage, architecture, landscaping and pedestrian amenities. o Develop existing waterfront parking areas as marina space. o Convert empty lots, located north of the existing marina, into a single large, efficient marina parking lot. o Landscape the DNR parking lot to visually soften its impact. Incorporate pedestrian amenities and image enhancements such as flags, signage, lighting, gazebos, and boardwalks. o Extend the new DNR image zone to the public Breakwater, while encouraging safe, nighttime use through the installation of pedestrian scale lighting. o Redevelop the funeral home as a restaurant. o Maintain the Church as an attractive, quality piece of architecture, as well as a Village entry statement. October 19, 1989 Page 47 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan RECOMMENDATIONS: NORTH MARINA (Con't) o Provide direct vehicle access from Main Street to the commercial marina area. o Develop sitting and fishing decks on the Breakwater. The decks will extend from the walkway, over and down from the rocks. o Link the North Marina area to the Village Center and beach by including it in the pedestrian Village Walk. PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Village Walk Master Plan: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. Funding Opportuni~ies: • • o DNR Private Breakwater and Pointe Park: Priority 2 The Breakwater and wetland open space immediately north of the Breakwater will be developed for public open space and recreation. Enhancements to the Breakwater should include: an identity feature at the end of the Breakwater; pedestrianscale lighting for safety and nighttime use, as well as a nightime feature; the addition of fishing and observation decks which extend over the existing rocks; and a pedestrianscale feature and the juncture of the Breakwater, DNR land and the boardwalk. Enhancements to the Pointe Park wetland area include a boardwalk with overlooks to link the Breakwater and beach; and improvements to the DNR parking lot, including landscaping, signage, and the creation of a high-quality waterfront image. Funding Opportunity: • DNR 19, 1989 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan MUNICIPAL NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o cultural arts center/school auditorium. o Physical terminus to the Pine Street cultural/commercial corridor. o Year-round recreation facilities. o Indoor pool. o Indoor skating rink. o Link to Pigeon River. o Landscaping and shade at the Village/Township park. o Expanded active and passive recreation. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Develop a Community and Cultural Arts Center at the east end of Pine Street. The Center should visually and physically anchor the cultural/commercial corridor of Pine, yet take advantage of its proximity to and views of the Pigeon River and adjacent natural areas. The Center should include an auditorium and multi-purpose rooms. o Provide sufficient parking to serve the Community and Cultural Arts Center and the new boat launch, and double as overflow parking for the business and marina districts. o Develop year-round public recreation facilities for use by all residents. Facilities will serve students ~uring school hours and the community on weekends and evenings. Facilities could include an indoor pool, an ice rink, additional sportsfields, a picnic area and children's play area. o Install landscaping and a shelter or trellis at the Village/ Township park to provide shade, as well as visual interest, park definition and identity. o Develop a river park and boat livery along the Pigeon River. October 19, 1989 Page 49 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE MUNICIPAL RECOMMENDATIONS: (Con't) o Provide a pedestrian crossing from the river park to the residential units north of the Pigeon River. o Link the various municipal recreation developments through inclusion on the Village Walk. o Create and market the new Caseville waterfront image with · colorful supergraphics on the watertower. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Community and Cultural Arts Center: Priority 1 The first phase of the project is the completion of a Master Plan with a greater degree of detail. The plan will include the entire Municipal unit, incorporate recommendations given in this report and begin to give physical form to the unit. Phase two of the project is to acquire funding and implement the Master Plan . . Funding Opportunities: • • • • o DOC DNR TIFA National Endowment for the Arts Village Walk Master Plan: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. Funding Opportunity: • DNR October 19, 1989 Page 50 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: , VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE PROSPECT/VINE NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Affordable senior citizen housing. o Improved safety, visual quality and usability of the County drain. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Develop housing for senior citizens on the east side of Prospect. Housing should accomodate year-round residents and take advantage of the proximity to downtown activities and services. o Link the Prospect/Vine residential area to the pedestrian route through continued development of the Village Walk and park space that parallel the County drain. o Utilize the County drain for open space and an amenity for the Village, particularly for residents of future Prospect/Vine housing. The corridor is an important component of the Village Walk as it links the senior citizen residential area to the cultural and municipal facilities. Develop Prospect Street so that it can function as an alternative vehicle route to Main Street. o PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Village Walk Master Plan: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. Funding Opportunities: • • o DNR Private Linear Park and Senior Citizen Housing: Priority 3 The development of Senior Citizen Housing could be a public and/or private project. It should take advantage of the downtown character of the area, while meeting the unique needs of the year-round elderly resident. October 19, 1989 Page 51 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan PROSPECT/VINE PUBLIC PROJECTS: (Con't) The Linear Park should be developed in conjunction with the housing and provide residents a vital pedestrian link to the new Pine street commercial district and the Community and Cultural Arts Center. A component of the Linear Park plan should study the corridor and determine its best use, whether it is 1) to be maintained as an open drain and water recreation corridor, or 2) better used solely as open space, with the water enclosed in underground pipes. Funding Opportunities: • • • • DNR Drain Commission Federal Housing Private .-- October 19, 1989 Page 52 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan COUNTY PARK NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o The recapturing of the County Park for public open space and use by all residents and visitors. o Public parking for park and downtown users. o Convenient access. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Develop a park master plan for short and long term actions. o Eliminate permanent trailers from the County Park. o Provide additional space for controlled transient trailer and tent camping. o Develop a picnic park by designating open parkland around the southern edge of the park and from Main Street east to the beach. o Improve the appearance and identity of the southern park entrance area. o Delineate a pedestrian Village Walk and bicycle circulation route. o Link the beach, County Park, Pointe Park and Breakwater with a boardwalk. o Create an activity park which links the campground to the beach. The activity park will include shared facilities such as restrooms, a picnic area, and a playground. o Designate an area for commercial (revenue generating for the county) activities, such as a snack shop, restaurant, motel, boat rentals, etc. o Designate a controlled access point for an - entry gateway and fee station. October 19, 1989 Page 53 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan COUNTY PARK PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Village Walk Master Plan: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. Funding Opportunities: • • o DNR County County Park: Priority 3 Develop and implement a Master Plan for the County Park that returns the park to resident users, yet provides for revenuegenerating activities. The Master Plan should provide for day users and short-term, overnight tent and trailer campers. Funding Opportunities: • • county DNR October 19, 1989 Page 54 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community 0.velopmenl Plan SOOTH BAY SHORE NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Residential development. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Develop multi-family apartments and condominiums directly west of the Wooded Island. The multi-family resort residential will serve as a transition zone between the commercial developments and the single-family residential. o Retain single-family residential in the majority of the planning unit. o Preserve the waterfront image zone with guidelines for architecture, landscaping and signage. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Not applicable October 19, 1989 Page 55 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community 0.11elopmenl Plan SOUTHEAST QUADRANT NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Diversified economic base. - o Light industry. o Hi-tech industry. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Develop a light industry and technology park and encourage expansion and relocation of new businesses to Caseville. o Adapt abandoned railroad R.O.W.'s following the "Rails to Trails" concept for use in the pedestrian system. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Village Walk Master Plan: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. An important component of the Village Walk is the reuse of the abandoned railroad for a rails to trails recreation loop. The area could accommodate cross country skiing and running and a fitness course. Funding Opportunities: • • DNR Private October 19, 1989 Page 56 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan BEADLE ISLAND NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Improved boat access to the Pigeon River and marinas. o A quality waterfront image to encourage new and repeat boat traffic to the Caseville area. o Additional marina space. o Control of sediment, water quality, ice and flooding. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Develop a comprehensive channel, marina and watershed environmental management plan. o Dredge the ice channel and study the feasibility of using this channel as the primary (or alternate) access route to the Bay from the marina and Pigeon River. o Study alternate access routes and bridge locations for service to Beadle Island. o Develop the shoreline and channels as major image areas with guidelines for architecture, landscaping and signage. o Develop additional marina space. o Encourage the development of commercial interests on Beadle Island, particularly in relation to waterfront activities. o Encourage the development of high-quality single and multifamily housing. o Provide a pedestrian Village Walk around the Island with linkages (bridges, boardwalks, etc.) to the entire pedestrian system. o Designate an area(s) for public open space. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Not applicable October 19, 1989 Page 57 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community Development Plan PIGEON RIVER OXBOW NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Residential. o Pedestrian link to downtown. o Control of sediment and water quality. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Retain single-family residential. o Provide a footbridge to link the Oxbow neighborhood to the Pine Street cultural corridor and the municipal/school district. o Link the residential area to the pedestrian route and the downtown by including it on the Village Walk. o Develop a comprehensive watershed environmental management plan. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Village Walk Master Plan: Priority 2 Refer to discussion for West Main Street, p. 28. The Oxbow segment of the Village Walk will include several pedestrian bridges to link the residential units to the municipal and downtown units. Funding Opportunities: • • o DNR Private Open Space Acquisition: Priority 2 The project would include acquisition of a · flood plain parcel between the Oxbow and Dutch Town residential units and preservation of the parcel for public open space. Funding Opportunity: • DNR October 19, 1989 Page 58 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community 0.velOpmenl Plan DUTCH TOWN NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Residential. o Wildlife preserve and open space. o Control of sediment and water quality. o Control of marina and water recreation development. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Retain single-family residential. o Preserve the river edge for wildlife and open space. o Designate an open space/preservation zone along the River at the southeastern tip of Dutch Town. o Develop a comprehensive watershed environmental management plan. o Link the residential area to the pedestrian route and the downtown by including it on the Village Walk. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Not applicable October 19, 1989 Page 59 �PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS: VILLAGE OF CASEVILLE Community 0.11eiopmenl Plan NORTH BAY SHORE NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES: o Residential development. RECOMMENDATIONS: o Retain single-family residential. o Preserve waterfront image zone with guidelines for architecture, landscaping and signage. o Preserve the natural landscape along M-25. PUBLIC PROJECT PRIORITIES: o Not applicable October 19, 1989 Page 60 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Caseville_Community-Development-Plan_1989 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harley Ellington Pierce Yee Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-10 Title A name given to the resource Village of Caseville Community Development Plan Description An account of the resource The Village of Caseville Community Development Plan was prepared by Harley Ellington Pierce Yee Associates, Inc. in October 1989 with funding from the Community in Transition Program, Community Development Block Grant, Michigan Department of Commerce. Subject The topic of the resource Community development--Planning Caseville (Mich.) Huron County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/718f7be4c83cfcf1b20f05fdb82334f3.pdf c06a87c30d1dca5edbfc295c45f51f86 PDF Text Text Village of Dexter General Development Plan Update ����This text summarizes the reco11111endatfons of the Village of Dexter Planning Convnission pertaining to the 1986-87 General Development Plan update. Johnson, Johnson & Roy/inc. was retained as a planning consultant to work with the Planning Commission in surveying co11111Unity attitudes and examining land use opportunities that reflect current local desires. This land use plan update was prepared with accompanying graphics to guide development of the village through the end of this century. Just as this plan builds on, and supplements, the 197677/1984 documents that preceded it, so too should future plan reviews periodically occur. It is reco11111ended that reviews occur every five years to maintain an ongoing planning process that truly responds to the changing needs of the co11111unity. The current planning effort was focused on three general areas including: growth and land use patterns within the existing developed portion of the village; opportunities for the 200 acres along Dexter-Ann Arbor Road i and development of the 147 acres south of Dan Hoey Road. The latter two land units represent all of the property recently annexed into the village. A cursory examination of areas north and west of the village 1 imits was also included to assess long-term future development potential. Introduction �A public opinion survey was develop.ed to address the study areas and questions about existing village conditions. It was distributed to all 620 households in the village during hlgustSeptember 1986 through a special mailing. A good response rate of 37 percent of the surveys were returned and the data compiled to detenaine co11U111nity opinions. The following statements indicate preferences on the several subjects surveyed. Comnunity Size and Role • Nearly 90 percent of the respondents felt that the village population should be between its current size (1,524 persons) and double that size (3,000 persons) by the Year 2000 • • A majority of respondents (511) felt that Dexter is best described as a self-sufficient connmity that is proud of its heritage .and its future as a small, but diverse, urban center. The majority opinion (571) of the least desirable description of Dexter is as a tourist destination for 1-94 travelers and Ann Arborites. Land Development • Three land use categories coaprised 50 pe~ent of the tota:1 responses as proposed uses for the 280 acres recently uneud Attitude Survey �on the east end of the village. These uses include single- family housing (20%), parks and recreation (18%), and a mixture of retail, corrmercial, and housing (18%). Seven other categories comprised the remaining 44 percent of responses. • Approximately 64 percent of the respondents either agree or strongly agree that the 127 acres of land south of Dan Hoey Road should be targeted for industrial expansion and new growth. • A large majority of respondents (71%) felt that urban and industrial development along the Jackson Road corridor in Scio Township ~uld eventually connect Ann Arbor to Dexter via Baker Road. Interestingly, the responses were split almost evenly that this linkage would have a positive (44%), or negative (42%) effect on the Dexter community • • It was also almost evenly split on the question of whether additional commercial growth outside of downtown Dexter would be detrimental to the viability of existing businesses. Approximately 43 percent of the respondents thought it would be detrimental, while 40 percent thought it would not. 3 �Downtown • commercial goods and services in downtown Dexter were adequate. very good. • No one thought the variety was outstanding. Approximately 74 percent of the responses centered around four categories of convnercial activities that are lacking in the existing commercial mix. Laundromat ( 30%), reta i1 comparison shops (20%), dine-in restaurants (14%), and speciality retail shops (10%) are listed in their respective order of popularity. Four other categories comprised the remaining 26 percent. • The traffic questions indicated that: 71 percent of respondents felt that downtown street layout/traffic pa ttems are convenient and ~rkable; 67 percent thought there is enough i . Another 40 percent felt that the variety was poor/inadequate, with the remainder indicating the variety is i r Almost 50 percent of the respondents felt that the variety of parking downtown; and 73 percent felt that the parking is convenient. • The ioost popular improvements cited for downtown included: building facade restoration. (32%), planters/flowers (21%), followed by trees and historic streetlights at 18 percent each. 4 �Public Transportation • The only question on public transportation drew a 50 percent response indicating no interest in using a bus connection with Ann Arbor. Some 41 percent indicated they NJuld use such a connection sometimes, and the remaining 9 percent stated they would use it regularly. Housing • According to a rating of housing type needs, it is felt that more single-family housing is desired (63%) in the village. The majority response regarding apartments indicated that 53 percent felt there a re too many apartments in homes but that more apartments in complexes (40%) are needed. There was also a desire for more condominium-type housing (52%), which is virtually non-existent in the village at present. • In a rating of neighborhood conditions, some of the items scoring •Best" in descending order of response frequency include: street trees, wide streets, historic homes, low crime rate, large lots, and on-street parking. Items that were felt to be average include: housing in general, mix of uses, heavy traffic, truck traffic, maintenance, and street 119htins. Items that were felt to be less than a4equate include s1die,w1k ~ondiUon, and curbs and gutters. . �• According to a rating of co11111unity entranceways, the rankings based on responses tallied indicate that Ann Arbor-Dexter is the mst attractive introduction to the village followed by the Dexter-Pinckney entrance. Mast Road and the Dexter-Chelsea entrance were felt to be average, and the Baker Road entrance was rated as the worst introduction to the village. Co11111Unity and Recreation • Civic events (24S), schools (23S), service clubs {15S), and the historical society {15S) were most often cited (comprising 771) as those activities that promote pride in the co11111Unity • • It was indicated by 82 percent of the respondents that Dexter's historic image is important. Village landmarks cited in order of frequency include Monument Park, churches, the Cider Mill, the Gazebo, and Judge Dexter's Home ( total 67S of items cited). • Approximately 54 percent of the respondents indicated that the Mill Pond is an asset to the village • • On the question pertaining to additional parkland for recreation purposes, 41 percent of the respondents th0u9lit ilirt was needed I while 40 percent fndtcated no additional parlla,ld was needed. �i i • A Village Map/Directory in the park (45%) and historic walking tours (33%) were cited as things Dexter should provide for visitors • • A bicycle store (19%), canoe livery (19%), and sporting goods outlet (15%) were cited as the additional commercial uses that ~uld serve the lakes recreation visitors. A complete copy of the survey can be found in Appendix A. The consultant team evaluated existing village conditions and concluded that Dexter's most positive asset is the historic nature of its buildings and landmarks. The mature, well-maintained character of the residential neighborhoods was noted as being particularly attractive. Negative aspects of the conmunity include industrial facilities that are incompatible with adjacent land uses, conmercial sites without landscaping or defined access points, the lack of street trees and sidewalks along major thoroughfares, the need for facade improvements, and hazardous traffic patterns along Dexter-Ann Arbor and Baker roads. analysis of existing conditions is summarized in Figure 1. The Existing Conditions �<1=,1l" . . . □=;::.:'.';-;:;-:::;.:•... □.~~~~:iyf,1•,t> ~v-- ~ '~ , . . . .. . •A+'•::tt1:.'. ' . \" 'i. �Based on the public opinion survey, t .he evaluation of existing Goals conditions, a review of the previous General Development Plan/Comprehensive Plan documents for the village, and input from the Planning Commission, the fol lowing goals were formulated to guide village planning. These goals represent the broad ideals of the village in creating and maintaining Dexter's character as a place that provides the quality of life desired by its residents. 1. Land Use - Provide a land use framework within which controlled development can occur. 2. Circulation - Improve village circulation patterns, examine congestion/ conflict areas, and review parking options related to future growth. 3. Natural Features/Recreation - Preserve and enhance natural features that contribute to community attractiveness and rec rea tiona l potentia 1. 4. Historic Character - Retain and rehabilitate historic village assets to preserve the desired community image. 5. Urban Design - Establish guidelines that insure a high 1evel of quality and continuity in design for future improvements to village entryways, neighborhoods, streetscapes, and private development. 8 �6. Public Services - Determine levels of public services available and required to meet demand associated with projected growth. �I The Plan �The plan update has been organized around the goal statements The Plan focusing on a land use, circulation, and open space framework within which development can occur. It has been determined, through land annexations, that future growth in the village will occur in a southeasterly direction. These parcels of land total in excess of 325 acres, nearly doubling the existing 375-acre vi11age. The updated General Development Plan is enclosed at the end of this section. It is anticipated that as orderly growth occurs in Dexter, some shifting of existing land use patterns will occur to accommodate an increased downtown commercial district, primarily through the relocation of industries to the new industrial park south of Dan Hoey Road. This shift will encourage the development of an integrated downtown core of commercial, service, and higher density housing that provides a viable center to the Dexter community. Other desired land uses have been incorporated to provide a balance to colllmunity growth and retention of historic character. The following descriptions highlight changes incorporated into the plan. Land use has been organized into six basic categories: Land Use residential, commercial, industrial, public and quasi-public, public utilities, and recreation/open space/parks. Under these 10 �headings more detailed breakdowns have been utilized to specify intensity of use. Residential The three residential categories specified in the 1977-78 plan have been carried forward in the update to provide the housing mix opportunities desired by the Village Plan. Densities have been altered to confonn with the plan update. RESIDENTIAL CATEGORY BREAKDOWN FOR DEXTER VILLAGE D.U. 1 s Category Per Acre Possible Unit Type Semi-Urban Re s i d en ti al Low Density 1-2 Primarily single-family homesites requiring on-site sewer and water facilities. Minimum lot size, onehalf acre. Urban Residential Low Density 3-6 Primarily single-family homesites with municipal type services. Possible low-density cluster developments of single-family homesites or town houses. Minimum lot size, 8,000 square feet. Urban Residential Medium Density 7-13 Single-family homesites, town houses, duplexes, row houses, apartments. Maximum height of buildings-- three stories. l1 --- - - ---------------------------- �Semi-Urban Residential - Low Density (Estate Residential)- This category is currently not included within the village limits but is reconmended for property bounded by Parker Road, Shield Road, and Mill C.reek just west of, and adjacent to the village. Additional sites of this size could be acconvnodated north of the village along Mast Road and Huron River Drive. Urban Residential - Low-Density - This category provides the predominant housing density specified for expansion into the Dexter Highlands 150-acre parcel. It is a density that will allow for new housing areas to be configured on a plan that emulates the character of the major existing neighborhoods in Dexter. It is envisioned that the new housing areas will reflect some of those qualities determined most desirable by Dexter resident:;, including broad rights-of-way, large lots, historically complimentary architecture, and room for street trees. In addition, it is proposed that new lots are subdivided around a street system that preserves valuable natural drainageways (open space) and takes advantage of the rolling topography of the site. It is anticipated that approximately 225 home sites may be added to the village in this area. Urban Residential - Medium Density - This housing category has been specified for three areas of the community to provide for a variety of higher density opportunities. First, to the east of the Urban Residential - Low Density housing proposed in the Dexter 12 - --------- �Highlands area, it has been indicated to allow for clusters of condominiums. Second, across Dexter-Ann Arbor Road some fifty acres is envisioned as additional cluster housing or apartments. Third, areas immediately north and south of the Central Business District are targeted for a mixture of apartment opportunities that wil 1 service the needs of senior citizens and persons desiring close proximity to downtown services. It is suggested that the total of these three higher density areas be limited to no ioore than 350 dwelling units. Mobile Home Park - Approximately thirty acres on the eastern end of the Dexter Highlands property have been designated as a site for ~bbile Home Park development. At the current accepted density of modem parks, 4-5 dwelling units/acre, this site could provide up to 150 home sites. Commercial Four subcategories of convnercial activity have been broken out to help guide future growth of these use types. The categories are local co11111ercial, office conmercial, service commercial, and planned unit commercial. The overriding concern in designating these subcategories was expansion of a strong downtown co11111ercial base supplemented by essential, but non-competing, outlying co11111ercial uses. The subcategories are defined as follows: 13 �Local Conmercial - The compact Central Business District (CBD) of It contains the shops and services necessary for day-to-day living, convenience items, comparison shopping facilities, and specialty retail operations. It is pedestrian in orientation, moving the shopper from both on- and off-street parking areas to the shopping district conveniently. the community. A second local convnercial district is envisioned around the Mast Road entry to the village. This district represents the historic traditions of Dexter's ancestors and should be preserved/enhanced to serve this role. The Dexter Mill, Cider Mill, and railroad depot provide important anchors to this district. Office Commercial - This category responds to a need for modem professional offices that may or may not be located in the Central Business District but do not compete for prime CDD retail space. These offices are generally clinical and service-oriented with associated off-street parking and provisions for special client requirements. They are residential in scale and compatible with neighborhood uses. The Office Convnercial District is an area that consists of the Dexter Highlands property fronting on Dexter-Ann Arbor Road. This area provides an opportunity to establish modern medical and professional service offices as a convenient annex to the downtown 14 �L - base. Location of these uses outside the CBD is not expected to detract from its strength as the community center. Service Commercial - This category was developed for those commercial uses requiring on-site storage, with wholesale distribution and retail sales orientation, however, not as high profile as Central Business District uses. Uses in this category include building trades and supplies, autoJOOtive repair, agricultural suppliers, and special uses to include fast food restaurants. Planned Unit - This category is defined in response to a desire for commercial leisure time activities within the village. These activities will not compete for downtown retail space but offer a social gathering district to accommodate commercial recreational needs. The existing CBD will continue to be Dexter's primary local commercial district. It is envisioned that this area will expand and strengthen its role as the primary shopping center for Dexter and outlying residents over the next 10-15 years. Space will be made available for expansion as existing downtown industries expand or relocate in the new industrial park. Recommendations for the expansion of this district include creating additional commercial facilities in areas presently used for parking, moving off-street parking areas behind the commercial shops, realigning 15 �Alpine Street south of Dexter-Ann Arbor and Baker Road at Central to eliminate the existing hazardous intersections, developing medium-density housing as a transition between conmercial areas and single-family residences, and promoting the east bank of the Mill Pond as a public open space. Figure 2 illustrates the framework for downtown development. The Service Conmercial District is somewhat established along Dexter-Chelsea Road and is recommended to expand along the road/railroad corridor. This area will provide a higher visibility location for service commercial establishments than the industrial park without infringing on the CBD convnercial district or residential areas. Care must be taken to insure screened storage and appropriate architectural treatments in this area adjacent to the CBD. A second service convnercial district is reconvnended for additional expansion of this use category immediately west of the new industrial park. This site offers easy access to Dan Hoey Road and a compatible relationship to the industrial park. Care must be taken in the development of sites (building/drive locations, outdoor storage screening, landscape buffers) in this area to minimize adverse effects on residences adjacent to the parcel along Baker Road. 16 �Figure 2 Downtown Dexter Development Plan Aerial �The Planned Unit Conmercial District is envisioned along Baker Road north of the Dexter Community Schools property. This site could make a smooth transition from a mixture of recreational and industrial uses to a commercial recreational center for the conmunity. Adaptive reuse of existing industrial buildings is a realistic possibility in this area. Proximity to the ,;chool district property offers a focal point for a variety of leisure time activities around this center. Industrial Expansion in the industrial category has been targeted almost exclusively for the 127-acre parcel south of Dan Hoey Road, now known as the Dexter Business and Research Park. This area will be platted and provided with all utilities to encourage both local and new industries to develop in this first-class facility. Additional industrial development in the downtown area of Dexter should be discouraged in favor of location to the new park and ex pans ion of a reta i1 and service-oriented CBD. Remaining industrial sites in the established areas north of the Huron River should be built out to complete this area. t-b further industrial expansion is warranted beyond the existing sites in this area with the addition of the Dexter Business and Research Park. 17 �Public and Quasi-Public The only recommended public or quasi-public improvements associated with the plan update is the potential for expansion of the Dexter Co11111unity Schools on the 55 acres east and south of the Wylie Middle School. This property is designated for medium density housing in the plan but must also be reviewed as the last available site to expand the central campus holdings of the school district. If this property were purchased by the schools, density adjustments could be mad_e to accommodate a similar number of dwelling units on the two remaining areas targeted for this medium-density housing. Public Utilities Public utility services including water, sewer, and road net\'«Jrks will be needed to all of the annexed properties prior to additional development within the village. It is anticipated that the Dexter Business and Research Park will receive the highest priority for improvements as its establishment allows other components of the plan to be implemented. Every effort should be made to correct known deficiencies in the utility systems as extensions are made to new areas of the village. One area of particular concem is the provision of storm water management facilities in the village. Attention should be focused 18 �on reducing isolated flooding problems and preventing potential stonn water backups as future development occurs. Areas including the Business and Research Park and Dexter Highlands property should be designed with stonn water management facilities capable of detaining or retaining increased flows caused by urbanization. Village utility plants are not expected to require additional land excepting a second water tower to be added in the Business and Research Park. The village water and wastewater treatment plants are expected to acco1JV11odate growth projected by this plan through the Year 2000. Parks/Recreation/Open Space Pit open space system is envisioned as part of the development of the Dexter Highlands property. It is recommended that the green space around the major dra inageway running through the property provide a buffer zone and pedestrian linkage across the site. As the property across Dexter-Ann Arbor Road is developed, this open space can form a connection between the Dexter Community Schools, the railroad right-of-way, and the Huron River. Enhancement of the water front along Mi 11 Creek in the down town area should also be 1 inked with the Huron River to the north and the school property to the south, thereby developing a green belt, accessible by pedestrians, that encircles the village. This 19 �opportunity is one that should be vigorously pursued by the village as it is a realistic possibility with careful planning of property not yet developed. Another area that should be considered as a potential urban open space is the triangular piece of property formed by Hudson, Grand, and Baker roads. If this property is eventua11y converted to a green space, it will allow a realignment improvement of the somewhat dangerous intersection of Hudson and llaker. The circulation systems in the village will continue to rely on the existing main arterials for primary movements. Circulation t-Ddifications to these arterials are limited to an intersection adjustment at Baker and Central, and the proposed addition of a second tunnel under the railroad at the Dexter-Pinckney crossing. Opening the link between Baker and Central will facilitate ease of movements through the village and will reduce traffic confusion in the vicinity of t-Dnument Park. This improvement will also allow the park to be enlarged somewhat and define long-term limits of growth around this functional town square. The addition of a second tunnel under the railroad ROW will preserve the existing historic tunnel along Dexter-Pinckney Road. This magnificent structure is an important community 20 �landmark but, also, represents a traffic hazard due to the narrow tunnel opening. This route . carries the greatest volume of traffic of any village arterial (9,300 vehicles, two-way, 24-hour count) and is likely to increase with the popularity of the lakes region beyond, northwest of Dexter. When sufficient demand exists to warrant a facility improvement, it is recommended that the second tunnel be added. This will allow one-way traffic through each tunnel, eliminating the current "head on II hazard. Adjacent lane adjustments and associated ROW acquisition will also have to occur to implement this change. Local Co 11 ec tors Several new roads will have to be constructed to develop the annexed property and make connections with the existing village nebork. Roads impacted by the proposed additions include Alpine, Dexter-Ann Arbor, Dan Hoey, Forest, Hudson, Inverness, Kensington, Shield, and Third. The impacts are largely intersection points and extensions that will access new areas. These additions will also, in some cases, cause increased traffic flows and should be analyzed for overall impacts on the community prior to implementation. The intersection points suggested in the plan are feasible based on existing information, although they must be evaluated in greater detail prior to implementation. 21 ��Design Guidelines �This chapter provides a series of general reconvnendations compiled Design Guidelines for the Village of Dexter to guide future development as it occurs within the framework of the General Development Plan. It has been divided into two sections, Historic Architectural Character and Streetscape Guidelines. Generally, the guidelines focus on improvements associated with development and redevelopment in downtown Dexter; however, the principles are applicable for design continuity throughout the Village. While it is beyond the scope of this study to provide detailed design guidelines, the principles discussed here should be incorporated in any effort to develop specific strategies for pro100ting design excellence in future public and private projects. Historic Architectural Character Do cu men tat ion The first step toward preserving and enhancing the historic character of Dexter's downtown is to document the historically and architecturally significant structures. Preservation measures could include review by a historic committee, moving endangered structures, designating a local historic district, or developing a historic preservation ordinance. Whatever regulations are implemented, they should be flexible so that goals for continuing growth and preservation of resources can both be met. �Compatibility Between Old and New Architecture As new convnercial buildings are constructed, it is important that they respect the character of the historic buildings in Downtown Dexter. It is not necessary to replicate exact historic design, but the historic structure should at least influence new design. Dimensioning and detailing of new buildings should reflect the proportions and general character of the neighboring older structures. Commercial Signage Signs are a vital part of the typical commercial setting. Played against the building facades, good signage contributes welcome color and visual interest to the streetscape. Four general concepts should govern the design of signage in the downtown: First, each sign should be carefully planned to fit the particular building facade and be designed to appear part of the total facade, rather than looking "tacked on." Second, signs should be of limited size and should not overwhelm the building front or obliterate architectural deta i1. 23 �Third, building owners should attempt to coordinate signs with neighboring shops/services in order to achieve a comfortable relatedness of materials, format, and placement. The goal is harmony, not literal replication of the same design throughout the down town • Fourth• there should be consistency of s ignage placement on the building facades. The 19th century storefronts which now chara_cterize Dexter's downtown historically carried signage in r the following locations: - Long, horizontal sign under the storefront cornice. - Small, flat signs perpendicular to the facade. - Small, flat signs in the building entry recess. f - Painted sign on store front window or door. - Painted signs on upper-story windows. - Canvas awning with painted sign on flap. r No roore than two or three sign placements should be used on a single building, but all are in keeping with the historic facades. Signage design, materials, and placement on new buildings which replicate signage on older structures will help to visually "tie together" old and new architecture in the down town • 24 �r Finally, few contemporary elements wreak as much ha•,oc with the historic appearance of older downtowns than the plastic internally lighted signs which represent food franchises, suppliers, insurance companies, and the like. This type of storefront sign has, also, unfortunately, become a common form of private commercial identification. The use of sensitive design professionals and sign makers should assure quality signs which enhance the appearance of individual buildings and of the downtown as a whole. materials, and construction are vital. Quality of workmanship, Appropriate materials and colors will help to enrich and strengthen the historic fabric of the commercial center of the community. The fallowing guidelines should be the reference du ring Streetscape Guidelines development and improvement projects in order to assist in the unification of buildings, signage, planting, and street furnishings within the downtown. The intent of these guidelines is to ensure that all materials, fixtures, textures, and design details work together to produce a unified and well-ordered appea ranee of Dexter's down town. 25 �• Plant Materials The width of the downtown sidewalk environment limits the range of materials and restricts placement of plantings in the street rights-of-way. Canopy trees are the main plantings, for they: shade the sidewalk environment; can be installed in grates, leaving a walking zone right up to the tree trunk; and • f r r 1 do not obstruct pedestrian space between street and buildings • A single canopy tree type should be used along the main street in the downtown, and other species may be selected for use on secondary streets as planting areas are identified. The selection of canopy trees for use downtown should be limited and based mainly on scale and cultural criteria. Spacing should be determined by the scale of the street, width of sidewalks, and the relation to other curbside elements--poles, meters, fire hydrants. I 26 �Selection and spacing of trees elsewhere in the village should achieve a healthy variety and attractive visual consistency in the residentia 1 streetscape. A number of streets \\Ould benefit greatly from planting placement to reduce the over-wide sea le of the rights-of-way. "Off" color varieties (examples are Sunburst Locust or Crimson King Norway Maples) should not be used in the public rights-ofway, for they destroy the visual continuity of the streetscape. Likewise, special forms, such as "weeping" trees, are best used in focal situations in private landscapes and not in the generalized landscape of the street. Evergreen trees, of great value when used appropriately, should not be used as street trees, for their fullness and low branching block views and create visibility problems for vehicular traffic. Small flowering ornamental trees are mainly accent or focal materials to help define spaces. There are many locations in the village where flowering trees would contribute attractive structure and seasonal color to civic settings. 1 Considerations in their placement should be: Clearance--because of short trunks and full crowns, they consume sidewalk space and, typically, are best used in lawns or beds away from foot traffic. 27 �Low, full crowns make many types of small trees excellent for screening and enclosure of areas such as parking lots and delivery or service zones. Raised planting areas assure usable pedestrian space closer to the tree than when plantings are at ground level. 11 Theme" trees of particular ornamental interest may be effective in giving a special character to the downtown and other areas in the village. Different species or combinations of species can identify particular sites. Examples are f.bnument Parki Warrior Park; Water Tower Park; village entrances, especially at Mast Road and Dexter Pinckney/Dexter Chelsea roads; the school "campus"; public facilities such as the post office, library, and Village Hall; and the street edges along the two village cemeteries. Flowering trees in movable planters typically are out of scale with their containers. Use them as permanent in-ground plantings. Shrubs are used for screening, accent, and focus. • Shrubs are excellent materials for buffering parking lots and delivery zones. In parks, they help to enclose spaces and contribute seasonal interest through flowers, fruit, fa 11 28 �'w- color without requiring the level of maintenance necessary for bedding flowers. Shrubs should not be used in sidewalk zones since sidewalk widths a re restricted. Use shrubs, or shrubs in combination with other materials, in larger planting beds, rather than in scattered individual units which only add to the clutter of the street space and impede pedestrian movement. Use evergreen and deciduous materials in combination. [ T When movable planters are used, compose them in groups. Dispersing these materials weakens their impact and adds to visual clutter. Expanded walk areas are logical locations for planter groups; examples could be the open comer at the Main/Broad Street light, or the entrance to the Village Hall. Herbaceous Materials Use seasonal and special accent materials in generous quantities. Do not dilute impact by spreading them out. Use .Q!!11.. when the necessary level of maintenance can be assured. The bulbs and summer flowers around the base of the 29 �,...... Civil War statue in Monument Park are an example of appropriate location and use. r r r r r Ground Covers: "Tie together" the larger elements of shrub/tree-planting compositions. Are a logical choice for use in small panels or in raised beds where grass· would be a maintenance problem. Planters Street trees are the primary downtown plantings and comprise the basic green matrix of the area. Other smaller materials are useful in more specific applications, in smaller scale, or off- r street situations. While street trees should be insta 11 ed flush with the pavement, the rest of the downtown plant material palette can be used in a variety of design situations and planter types. Restricted walkway widths in the downtown mandate a design and selection of street furnishings which keep to the absolute minimum the number of vertical elements allowed in the sidewalk space. Therefore, canopy trees in downtown sidewalks should be installed in tree grates flush with the pavement. 30 �rr Planters for other types of ma teria 1s ( flowering trees, shrubs, seasonal flowers) should not be used in the sidewalks unless there are widened walk areas which permit the use of vertica_l elements without obstructing the pedestrian traffic. Raised planting areas can serve several purposes in the pedestrian landscape: - Design and placement can direct routes of pedestrian movement. - Lighting and seating can be incorporated into the design. - A seat height planter wall can provide for sufficient lift to make small trees and shrubs useful and not be obstructions to pedestrian movement. Pedestrian Paving "'1 overall concept for pedestrian paving in the downtown should guide the use of special paving. predominate. downtown. A neutral paving should Only concrete walks currently exist in the Brick, textured concrete, or concrete pavers in simple patterns and in combination with basic concrete pavement can give a richer but neu tra 1 appea ranee. 31 �Use of only tw:> materials (and colors) will help to assure coherence and consistency in the entire pedestrian "floor" of the downtown. The fo 1lowing standards should apply: Simple patterns and combinations of materials make the clearest and most effective contribution to the overall appea ranee of the sidewalk zone. r Limit the number of different paving materials. Assure continuity through repetition (for example, continuous concrete walk and curb with brick or special concrete banding). Simpler is usually stronger. Reserve the richest materials and most detailed paving patterns for definition of place or space. The sidewalk paving immediately at a building entrance~ be given special design attention; but as a rule, the treatment need not be varied. �Furniture Group sidewalk furnishings in order to minimize visual clutter and impediments to pedestrian movement. l . . Trash receptacles • Mail boxes . . . Consider for grouping: Newspaper dispensers Plant containers Telephone kiosks Bicycle racks Benches l Placement should enhance both the function and appearance of the downtown. Locate them so that they do not obstruct pedestrian traffic. Locate them so that any necessary servicing, loading, 1 l supplying, etc., can be conducted conveniently from vehicles at the curb. Place and install in accordance with all applicable local standards. 33 �Standardize graphics and colors as much as possible. Select a standard color for all furniture hardware, parking meters. signposts, light and signal poles, and other steel elements in order to achieve maximum uniformity in appea ranee. Consolidate street signage onto as few posts as possible. Examine for redundancy and reduce number of signs, if possible. Benches/Seating Benches and seating areas are elements which enhance the appeal of the downtown and should work in concert with the rest of the urban furnishings to organize--both visually and functionally--the entire pedestrian environment. Locate seating areas where they will not create bottlenecks or obstruct pedestrian traffic. Seating should be located where there is shade during the heat of day. Minimize the clutter of freestanding street furniture in order to preserve as much free space as possible for pedestrians. Place fu mi tu re a long edges. 34 �• . The walls of raised planters should be of adequate thickness and height to serve as seating. Also, plantings, (trees) can provide a shaded environment, or lower masses of materials provide a "back" to the seating. The use of materials, colors, finishes, etc., already used in the area, repeated in the seating, reinforces a unified appea ranee. Avoid the fol lowing: - "cute" or ''theme" designs, historic or otherwise. - commercial designs which carry advertising display surfaces (A wood/concrete bench with the tall bench back acting as a large sign face is a recent and unfortunate addition to the local scene. These unsightly elements should be replaced by a single bench design, selected for its appropriateness to the historic downtown environment). Refer to the section on commercial signage. - flimsy design and construction - inappropriate materials--plastics, fiberglass, porcelained and baked enamel metal finishes which are bright, aggressive in their colors, and visually flimsy 35 �Whether freestanding or incorporated into other structural elements, benches/seating should be integral parts of the pedestrian environment. Their design, materials, construction, and colors should all be chosen to reinforce an overall order and continuity with other elements in the furnishing of Dexter's downtown. Lighting All lighting in• the public rights-of-way throughout the entire downtown should be simple and clean in design. Therefore, unity and consistency in selection of all elements of the streetscape are mandatory for creation of an ordered, coherent urban environment. All vehicular, pedestrian, and special lighting units should be complimentary in their design. All lighting for the public rights-of-way (vehicular and pedestrian zones) should be located at the curb 1 ine. Generally, lighting design in the downtown should be approached as design of a unified system with criteria changing as described below. 36 �Vehicular Lighting: Widest spacing Vehicular zone, public right-of-way Carried on tall masts (to 30') Needs of rootorists are for illumination levels adequate to clarify the order of the street system for the vehicular user. Pedestrian Lighting: Closer spacing Pedestrian zones, public right-of-way Lower poles (typically 10 - 12') Units are design elements of the pedestrian environment Pedestrian needs are for illumination levels in the sidewalk zone which create an attractive night environment and contribute to an atmosphere of safety and security. Special Public/Convnercial/Private: Special applications--illumination of display windows and convnercial frontages; facade illumination of landmark buildings; night lighting of public features--band shell, monument, etc., lighting of parks which are linked with the public streets. 37 �Greater latitude in use of different lighting styles and designs related to architecture~ historic settings, etc. All downtown lighting should still be sufficiently unified in design that the visual order of the downtown is not muddled by f scattered use of inappropriate lighting fixtures. This -category encompasses a variety of 1 ighting needs and applications. r [ In some instances (as with parking lighting) the same needs apply as were described for the pedestrian walks. Pedestrian 1 ighting presents particular opportunities for enhancement of architectural styles or historic themes. In other cases, as in facade or 100nument illumination, the actual lighting unit is of little design importance. 38 �Appendix A �VILLAGE OF DEXTER MASTER PLAN QUESTIONNAIRE I Appendix A The Village of Dexter working with the Planning/Design firm of Johnson, Johnson & Roy/inc. is in the process of developing a Master Plan for the community. When completed, this document will help guide development into the 21st century. An early part of the study is this local opittion survey to gather ' the thoughts and feelings of Village residents about strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for community improvement. Your partfcfpatfon is encouraged to help us understand the needs and desires of co11111unity residents which are important in shaping the future of Dexter. Any information supplied will ~e used only to assist this planning effort and will be kept in complete confidence. Please return the form with as much information as you care to provide, even if you don't answer all of the questions. There is no reason for you to identify yourself or your address unless you believe ft is important Jo your response. Thank you in advance for your cooperation. Continued communication between the Village and its residents is the best way we can proceed in order to assure that the goals and values of our convnunity are reflected In the blueprint for the future of the Village, If you have questions about the survey or the Master Plan project, please call Barry Hurray of Johnson, Johnson & Roy/inc. at 662-445i or stop in at Land Surveying Consultants. 3205 Broad Street, Suite 1, in ·downtown Dexter. Please return this questionnaire in the enclosed postage paid return envelope by 17 September 1986: Additional copies of this survey are available at the Village Hall (8140 Hain Street) for households with multiple respondents. CENTRAL V l l l ~ , URON RIVER CBO EAS sourn ANNEX ANN!;Ji �VILLAGE OF DEXTER MASTER PLAN QUESTIONNAIRE COMMUNITY SIZE ANO ROLE I, The 1980 Census Indicated that Dexter had a population of lS24 persons. would you like to see the Village population total by the Year 20001 1000 1524 3000 Which number below 5000t 2. Please rank the following $latements as they describe your Impression or Dexter's role In the County. •• b, c. d, (I• Best Description; 4 • Worst Description) A bedroom co11111unlty to Ann Arbor for commuters who like a small town atmosphere. A place one must pass through from Ann Arbor to access major recreation areas In the county but would otherwise not attract visitors. A self-sufficient convnunlty that Is proud of Its heritage and Its future as a s■all, but diverse, urban center. A tourist destination for 1-94 travelers and Ann Arborltes. LAND DeVCLOPHENT l. The VIiiage has annexed 200 acres of vacant land along Dexter-Ann Arbor Road, east of town, which substantially Increases Its overall size (see attached map). What do you think are the best uses for that land? (Check as many as you think appropriate.) Slngle-fa111ly housing Parks •nd Recre•tlon Non-retail connerclal Schools Agriculture Hold the land vacant housing Increased Retail ConnerclaL Industrial growth A ■ lxture of retail. comerclal. and housing Hultl-fa ■ lly 4, 5, The VIiiage has acquired 127 acres of land south of Dan Hoey Road (see attached map) on the south side of town that Is targeted for Industrial development to allow existing Industries needed upanslon room and attf'ICt new Industries to strengthen the economic base. llow do you feel ,about this Idea? _ Disagree _ Strongly disagree _ Strongly agree 1. Do you think developnient ,along Jackson Road In Scio Township will eventually lead to urban and Industrial development connecting Dexter (via Paker Road) to Ann Arbor? _Yes No Unsure _ Not sure Agree b. How do you think this eventual linkage will affect the Dealer community? _ 6. Positively _ Negatively No effect Would addltlor\il c·onnei-cl,al development outside of downtown Dexter be detrimental to the viability of the existing businesses? Yes No Unsure �DOWNTOWN 7. Which of the following best describes the virlety of co•erclal goods ind services available In downtown Dealer? _ poor, Inadequate _ adequate _ very good _ outstanding 8• Whal ar~•s (If any) do you feel are lacking In the existing connerclal ■ lx7 Retail convenience (party store, drug store, grocery store) Restaurants (eat In) Restaurants (fist food) Retail co■ pirlson Specialty retill (gifts, recreation-oriented, tourls■) Specialty food Professional services (doctors, lawyers, engineers, etc.) llundro■ it . Other, please list ___________________________ 9. Are downtown street liyouts/trafflc pitterns convenient and workable? Yes No Unsure 10. ll. Is there enough parking downtown? ls It ·convenient? - What l ■pro,e■ ents Ho Ho Unsure Unsure would you like to see In the downtown? . Building ficade restoration Slgnage l■prove■ent (businesses) Trees · = - Yes Yes Historic street lights Plinlers/flowers =Other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ JRANSPORTATION lZ. Would you use a bus/publl~ transportation connection with Ann Arbor? _ Regularly So■ etl ■es Never �~ ll. Please r,te the follow Ing housing types according to your prererence for Dexter. Slngle-f.. lly Ap•rt ■ents • In Ho•es Ap,rtments • In Co■plexes Need Hore Enough Too Many Condo■ lnlu■ s 14. Ple1se lndlc,te your opinion of e,ch of the neighborhoods. (Circle one number for each Best Street trees I Street parking l Wide streets I Big lots I Historic tio•es l Street lights I Sldew,lk condition I Curbs •nd gutters I Mix of uses l Maintenance 1 Heavy tr• fflc I Truck tr• fflc 1 Housing 1 Crl•e 1 Other following elements of Dexter's residential Item.) Average Worst z z 2 2 z 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 J J J J J 3 l J J J J 2 3 2 2 J J 5 5 5 5 s s 5 s s s s s 5 5 15. Pleue rate Dexter's entrances as attractive Introductions to the VI l lage. (Circle one number for each he■.) Ann Arbor-Outer Ro,d B1ker Road Dexter Chelsea Dexter-Pinckney Hut Most Attract Ive I 2 l 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 least Attract Ive Average s 4 4 J J J J 5 5 4 s s 4 4 3 COMHUNITYLR£CREATION What best proiaotes pride In the comunlty? (Check as many as appropr la le.) Schools Band concerts Historical Society Service clubs Comunlty the,ter Civic events (Dexter Daze, parades, 4th July fireworks, etc.) Other 17. Whtt p,rts of the Village ,re detrimental to the Image of the Village? 18. Is Dexter's "historic" Image Important? _ What ,re the 19. Is the ■ost l ■ portant ■ 11\pond Yes Ho Unsure Village landmarks? an asset to the Village? Yes No Unsure �20, Does Dealer need 1ddlllon1l parkl1nd for recreatlonf Yes No Unsure 21. Should Dealer have aore for Its visitors? (Check those Items you think ire needed.) _ Ylll1ge aap/dlrectory In the park Hhtorlc 111alks Carry-around maps Other _____________ _ 22, . Dealer Is an entrance to the lakes recreation areas. What additional co-erchl use 1110uld serve recre1llon visitors? (Check any you think appropriate.) Sporting goods Service station Puty story Bike store Restaurant Canoe livery De 11 ca lessen Fist food franchise 23, Do you have any other questions or co11111ents7 (Use additional paper If needed.) = � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dexter_General-Development-Plan-Update_1988 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnson, Johnson & Roy/inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-01-18 Title A name given to the resource Village of Dexter General Development Plan Update Description An account of the resource The Village of Dexter General Development Plan Update was prepared by Johnson, Johnson & Roy/inc. and was adopted on January 18, 1988. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Dexter (Mich.) Washtenaw County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/199d4becdb3bae11f5af631c15e710f8.pdf 4225d8d04dfa907ab9c46b08881200ff PDF Text Text VILLAGE OF DOUGLAS Prepared By The Village Of Douglas Planning Commission �VILLAGE OF DOUGLAS COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Prepared by the Vlllage of Do~ P1amdng Commlaalon in cooperation with the Vlllage Council in cooperation with: Coastal Zone Management Program Land and Water Management Division Department of Natural Resources and with the asststance of: Planning &: Zoning Center, Inc. 302 S. Waverly Road Lansing, MI 48917 (517) 886-0555 November 1989 �Tttejoll.owtng tndwtduals parttt:fpaf.ed In the preparatiDn of th.is plan: VILLAGE OF DOUGLAS P1anntn1 Comml.sslon Kendal Showers. Erwin Kasten. Kathy Johnson. Debra Quade, Cheryl Giller, John Haas. Bffl Schroeder, Betty Mokma, Philip Walter, and William Campion•. vma,e Council Mike Esposito, Embrtt Giles, Debra Quade, Kendal Showers, Dean Johnson, George Baker. Pat Shanahan. Joe Brady. William campion•, and Jane Mayer*. t• no longer servtng] �Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF MAPS LIST OF TABLES INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. i Chapter 1 GOALS, OBJECTIVES & POLICIES: TI-IE AREAWIDE POLICY PI.AN .....·................................................................ 1-l Chapter2 DEMOGRAPHICS......................................................................................... 2-1 Chapter3 TI-IE ECONOMY....................................................................................... ,.... 3-1 Chapter4 NATURAL RESOURCES AND TI-IE ENVIRONMENT....................................... 4-1 Chapter5 EXISTING LAND COVER AND USE............................................................... 5-1 Chapter 6 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES............................................................ 6-1 Chapter 7 RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ................................................................. 7-1 Chapter 8 WAIBRFRONT....................................................... ....................................... 8-1 Chapter 9 GROWfH AND DEVELOPMENT 1RENDS.... .. . ... ... ... .. . .. . ... .. . ... .. . .. . ... . .. .. . .. ... . . 9-1 Chapter 10 FlmJRE LAND USE .................................................................................... 10-1 Chapter 11 INIBRGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION ..................................................... 11-1 Chapter 12 STRAIBGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................... 12-1 APPENDIX A References APPENDIXB Demographic, Economic and Housing Data APPENDIXC Public Opinion Survey Responses APPENDIXD Soil Types - Tri-Community Area �Vlllale of Douglas Comprehensive Plan LIST OF FIGURES PAGE Age Cohorts (1960 & 1980) -Area Age Cohorts (1980) - Allegan County .Ae Cohorts (1980) • Village of Douglas BdUcatt&nal Background In 1980 - Persons 25 and Over. Tri-Community Area Saugatuck Public School Enrollments Grades: K-12 saugatud( Public School Emollments Elementary and High Schools f3mP)oyment By Sector in 1980 -Tri-Community Area and Allegan County Aftrage Annual Employment - Tri-Community Area Monthly Employment - Trt-Commnity Area. 1988 Tourtsm Related Employment. 1988 - Allegan County Beal Property SEV. 1988 - City of Saugatuck Annual Real Property SEV - Tri-Community Ana (1980-1987) ~ In Poverty By Age - Tri-Community ,Atea.{1980) . . .,r,w,;;o Rlftr Basln M,?lrage P.lml MtpeUG,aTmi!l6 ~~- Saugatiu•.k:~ 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-3 2-4 3-2 3-4 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-6 3-6 4-2 8-7 9-2 9-2 �Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan LIST OF MAPS NUMBER TITLE PAGE Introduction =- 2.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7a 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 6,4 6.5 6.6 7.1 7.2 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.5a 9.1 10.1 10.2 Location ii Streets and Roads V Lot Lines vi School DiStrtcts (note: all maps are found at the end of each Chapter) Topography Watercourses Floodplains Wetlands Basement Limitations Septic Limitations Septic Limitations On-Site Wastewater Limitations Most Suitable Soils Hydrtc Soils Groundwater Vulnerability High Risk Erosion Areas Crttical Dune Areas Woodlands Land Use/Cover Existing Land Use By Parcel Planning Areas Public Facilities Water System Sewer System Gas Mains Street Classifications Act 51 Roads Outdoor Recreation Sites Actual and Proposed Bike Paths Watersheds No-Wake Areas Saugatuck Harbor Marinas Street Ends/Parks Street Ends/Parks Residential Construction Pennits Future Land Use Entry Points �v--.e of Dougt•• Comprehensive Plan LIST OF TABLES TITLB tton (1950-1980) EducatbW status - Persons 25 and Over ~ 1 :mmoDments - Saugatuck School District lmpaet c l ~ On Allegan County. 1986 ~Qr~ ~Bylndustry'-1980 ~ By Occupat1ot1 - 1980 A~Antlmd Unemployment Rate Per Caplbl kleorlle. A County tncome -.d. Poverty Characterlsttcs 1\1.comnwoJty Atea $wnmarJ o f ~ Climate Conditions tand om.- Codes rot h)tected Wetlands &dStfnllmm uae State SM.ic Sims FacdtNcs Cid Public tntmJ Jl'Jlanned::::: PAGE 2-1 2-2 2-3 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 4-1 4-3 5-1 5-4 6-2 6-2 fbnproyements to 6-4 Day Ely Land Use 6-6 6-6 6-6 7-1 7-3 7-4 7-6 7-7. �9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 12.1 Percentage of Population By Density Type New Households By Density Type Future Residential Land Needs Available Acreage By Land Use Type Population 2010 - Build-Out Scenario Under zoning In Effect Recreation Facilities - Minimum Size 9-4 9-4 9-4 9-4 9-4 12-4 �i INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW • The purpose of this Plan is to provide a policy and decision making guide regarding all future land and infrastructure development within the Village of Douglas. Within the Plan, key planning issues are identified; a clear set of goals and policies are outlined; future land uses are described and mapped; and specific implementation measures are recommended. All future land uses and policies presented in this Plan were developed based on a blending of the natural capability of the land to sustain certain types of development: the important natural functions played by unique land and water resources in the area: the relative future need for residential, commercial. and industrial uses; the existing land use distribution; and the desires of local residents and public ofllcials as expressed through direct interviews. a public opinion survey, town meetings. and public hearings. This Plan was prepared by the Planning & Zoning Center. Inc., under the direction of the Village of Douglas Planning Commission. Financial support was provided by the Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Coastal Zone Management Program. There are three critical components to using this plan as a decision making guide. First. are the goals, objectives and policies in Chapter 1. Second, is the future land use map and associated descriptive information presented m Chapter 10. Third, is the supporting documentation found in Chapters 2-9. Although this Plan states specific land use development policy and proposes specill.c land use arrangements. it has no regulatory power. It ts prepared as a foundation for and depends primarily on the Village zoning ordinance (and other local tools) for its implementation. This Plan is intended as support for the achievement of the following public objectives, among others: • to conserve and protect property values by preventing incompatible uses from locating adjacent to each other; • to protect and preserve the natural resources, unique character, and environmental quality of the area; • to maintain and enhance the employment and tax base of the area; • to promote an orderly development process by which public officials and citizens are given an opportunity to monitor change and review proposed development; and • to provide inforrnation from which to gain a better understandlng of the area, its interdependencies and interrelationships and upon which to base future land use and public investment decisions. This Plan is unique in that it was prepared concurrently with plans in Saugatuck and Saugatuck.Township. It was prepared in light of the issues, problems and opportunities that the three communities face together, rather than being done in isolation as is more frequently the norm. While the Douglas Planning Commission oversaw the production of this plan, the Douglas Village Council was also involved in Its preparation. Chapter 11 proposes that the Joint Planning Committee established to prepare a Joint Plan for Douglas, Saugatuck, and Saugatuck Township be continued and that this Plan be updated at a minimum of every five years. The contents of this Plan draws directly from previously adopted planning documents. There has been no effort made to explicitly footnote when matenal has been so used. Instead it is intended that the content of those documents continue to carry forward where they were found to be helpful in addressing the current and projected issues facing the tri-community area. In particular, the Village of Douglas Land Use Plan of 1986 was frequently relied upon in drafting portions of this Plan. A number of engineering and technical documents prepared by outside consultants over the past decade have also been relied upon. They are referenced in Appendix. A. SPATIAL LOCATION The map on the following page show the location of the Village of Douglas on the shores of Lake Michigan. This location along I-196 makes it easily accessible to travelers from across North America. The shoreline along the Kalamazoo Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �u 11 Kent County Ottawa County GRaplds Allegan County Van Buren County Barry County Gmazoo Kalamazoo County DOUGLAS Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �Hi River. Lake Kalamazoo. and Lake Michigan and the beautiful sand dunes and wide beaches make this a tourist mecca and an attractive place for retirement. The trade area for commercial businesses in the three communities is quite small. Local residents tend to only do daily and weekly shopping locally as Holland, Grand Rapids, and Kalamazoo are nearby for wider selections of consumer goods. Three school districts serve the area but all students within Douglas attend the Saugatuck School District. KEY FACTORS GUIDING THIS PLAN Three considerations played prominent roles in fashioning the contents of this Plan just as they do in the Joint Plan. These are based on widely held public opinions. past and present investment by public and private entities and a growing recognition among citizens of the interdependence of the three communities. First, Douglas. Saugatuck. and Saugatuck Township function as a single economic, and social unit. Many people live in one of the three communities and work in another of the three. Most people live in one and shop with some frequency in another. School children, by in large. attend the same schools. Local cultural, conservancy and retiree activities are jointly supported by residents of all three communities. Several public services are jointly provided including the Interurban bus serVice, sewer and water (at least between Douglas and Saugatuck) and fire protection. The Kalamazoo River and Lake Kalamazoo connect all three communities, as do the local road network. Sometimes it seems, only the three units of government are separate. Yet despite these interrelationships, each communit'f maintains a strong separate identity among many citizens of the three entities. Even many neighborhoods have strong separate identities (e.g. the hill. the lakeshore. Silver Lake, etc.). This provides an important richness and depth to the area, but it can also be politically divisive. Second. tourism is the primary engine driving the local economy. Despite several industrial employers that provide important diversity to the area's economy, it is the dollars brought in by tourists and seasonal residents that fuel most of the local wages and local purchasing. The environmental splendor and wide range of activities open to tourists are the primary attraction. But no less significant iS the small town character of the area. This character. often de- scribed as "cute" or "quainr by tourists. is highly favored by visitors and deeply cherished by local citizens. As a result. any intensive or poorly planned alterations to the natural environment, or homogenization of the character of the individual communities is likely to have a potentially negative effect on both tourists and residents. This Plan proposes keeping the scale and intensity of such future changes low and proposes a variety of mitigation techniques to prevent adverse impacts on the environment or on the character of the area from these kinds of changes. Third, a balance of future land uses is necessary to enhance the stability of the comm unity during poor economic times and to broaden the population base. Presently there is a significant lack of housing in the area that is affordable for families with children. That, in concert with a decline in children generally (and an increase in the elderly) has severely impacted the Saugatuck School District. If all future land use decisions were made based exclusively on minimal alteration of the natural environment or maintenance of the existing community character. then over time, the community would become more vulnerable to economic downturn, which usually hits tourist communities very hard. Th us, a balance must be sought between what otherwise become competing goals (economic development and environmental protection/ community character). This will present a serious challenge in the future. The pressure will be great to "sell the farm" for developments which promise new jobs/tax base. And while these are important. the long term impact of such proposals (in a particular location) could be very negative and not worth the tradeoff. All such decisions need to be made primarily based on long term considerations, rather than short term ones. MAPS Except as otherwise noted. all the full page maps presented in this Plan were produced using C-Map software. This is a PC based computer program initiated by William Enslin, Manager of the Center for Remote Sensing at Michigan State University. All the data on the maps was digitized either by Tim McCauley of the Planning & Zoning Center. Inc. or was downloaded from the Michigan Resource Inventory Program (MRIP) database maintained on the State's mainframe computer system by the Department of Natural Resources. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �Iv Several advantages are realized by computerizing this data. Typically, geographic information is only available on paper maps at widely varying scales, which makes it d1fficult to compare data sets for planning purposes. With CMap, all of the maps can be viewed and printed at any scale via a variety of different media (color plotter, laser or ink Jet printer, or dot matrix printer). Information can also be combined (or overlaid) so that composite maps can be created and compared in a fraction of the time and expense normally required to obtain the same results. Another major advantage of computer mapping is the ability to update maps continuously, so that an up-to-date map is always available. There are three different base maps that have been used in mapping this information: 1) a base map prepared by the DNR which was dJgitlzed from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map series for the area; 2) a lot line map created by digitizing the lots of record used for assessing purposes in the three communities; and 3) a soils base map derived from the SCS Allegan County Soil Survey. None of these base maps are exactly identical as they ongtnate from different sources. All of the land cover and use based information and topography is keyed to the DNR/USGS base map. All of the soils related data is keyed to the soils base (which was interpreted and mapped by the SCS from nonrectlfted aerial photos, so there is some distortion at the edges of each photo frame). The existing land use, sewer and water line maps are keyed to the lot line base map. A transparent copy of the DNR/USGS base map and the lot line base map follow. These can be overlaid on any of the maps in this Plan, but the "fit" will be best when overlaying information that it was used as the base for. Please note that the extent of the Kalamazoo River on each base is noticeably different and is related to the water levels at the time the inventory or survey was conducted. On the maps showing all of Saugatuck Township, we have •corrected" the DNR/USOS base map to tnclude Silver Lake, wbfcb tsmerelyshownasa wetland (not an open :water body) GD tJSGS maps. A transparency can ..a1J be made by photocopying any of these mapa kt Wdet te overJay several levels of mfor~ u.ng C.Map on a color monitor, up to - ~ mfoimatk,m can bi overlaid on the -..., mcl.udibg - ~ In on any MWmild. °be estrable when Q---~killlOiJ..-»~dl-. While the accuracy of all of this data Is very satisfactory for land use planning purposes (especially when contrasted with traditional techniques), none of it Is sufficiently detailed to be absolutely reliable at the parcel level. As a result, detailed site analyses of soils, topography, drainage, etc. are still necessary any time specific site designs are being prepared. All computerized data is on file locally and accessible via C-Map for local use and updating. Contact the wntng administrator or clerk for further information. ~ �V Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �vi r, ._. ~ ST. · i-: 1----'-_,__7'1 V) >--<~---'--+--+---'----+-+--i )~ ~ Id I,. AVE. '° .r- -------~196 I 31 129TH AV •a. ~ I: V, .-I Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan 0, OI -1 J: V, -I �1-1 Chapter 1 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, & POLICIES: THE VILLAGE OF DOUGLAS POLICY PLAN G oals, objectives, and policies are the foundation of a comprehensive plan. They address the key problems and opportunities of a community and help establish a direction and strategies for future community development and growth. Goals establish general direction. objectives represent tasks to be pursued, and policies are decision guides. The goals, objectives, and policies embodied in this plan were prepared through an extensive process of leadership surveys, public opinion smveys, meetings with local officials, and town meetings. The first step in this process was a survey of area leaders- including members of the Village Planning Commission, Village Council, prominent members of the private sector, and other citizens identified in the individual surveys. Leaders were asked their views on the major problems and opportunities facing the Village and the tri-community area, and the results were tabulated and presented to Village officials. These results served as the basis for initiating a public opinion survey. Citizen Views on local planning issues were obtained through public opinion surveys mailed to every property owner in the Village and distributed in each rental complex. Survey questions were prepared for the Village through consultations with the Village Planning Commission and Village Council. Dr. Brent Steel. Oakland University, conducted and tabulated the survey. The response rate of 4 7% in Douglas was very high considering the length (about 1 hour completion time) and type of smvey and thus responses probably represent the majority view. Most respondents were homeowners in their mid-fifties, registered to vote, who are long-term residents and plan to live in the area for ten or more years. Survey results are shown in Appendix A. Results of the citizen opinion survey and leadership survey were used to identify issues for discussion at the first town meeting. This meeting was a "futuring" session where participants were asked to imagine how they would like the community to be in the year 2000. Partici- pants were separated into groups and asked to prepare of list of their "prouds" and "sorries" in Douglas, and things from the past which they would like to preserve. The lists were compared and then all engaged in an imaging exercise where groups were established according to topic area and were asked to imagine that element of the Douglas in the year 2000. This futuring process identified key issues and community elements which were pulled together to form a vision and direction for the Village in the year 2000. A draft policy plan. with defined goals and objectives, was then prepared based on this futurtng process and the survey results. The draft was refined through a series of meetings with local officials and then presented to Village citizens in a second town meeting. Citizen comments were reviewed by Village officials and incorporated into the policy plan. Following completion of the draft policy plan, data and trends in the Village were analyzed. This analysis supported the direction of the policy plan and was first evaluated by the Village Planning Commission. and then by Village citizens at the third town meeting. Next. key elements of the plan and proposed strategies to carry it out were first reviewed by the Village Planning Commission, and then by Village citizens at the fourth and final town meeting. These goals and policies also look beyond local boundaries to the issues which affect the region. This was accomplished through the joint comprehensive planning process, where representatives of the City of Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township participated in the preparation of joint goals and policies for the region. Thus, these goals and policies are premised on a pledge to mutually cooperate in guiding development consistent with the adopted goals and objectives of the Joint Plan. Thus. the broad based input of area officials, leaders, and citizens. plus detailed analysis of local trends and land use characteristics have formed the goals. objectives, and policies that comprise the policy portion of this comprehensive plan. These goals and policies will serve Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �1-2 as a guide for land use and infrastructure decisions in the Village of Douglas. With time, some elements may need to be changed, others added, and still others removed from the list. Before amendatory action is taken, however, the impact of the proposed changes should be considered comprehensively in relation to the entire plan, and the joint plan. It is intended that the goals and policies be consulted whenever considering future land use decisions. Policy: Preserve wetlands, woodlots. and other wildlife areas wherever feasible. GROWTH MANAGEMENT Goal: Guide development in a manner which is orderly, consistent with the planned expansion of public services and facilities. and strives to preserve the scenic beauty, foster the wise use of natural resources, protect environmentally sensitive areas, and enhance the special character of each community. VJLLAGE CHARACIER Goal: Retain and enhance the quiet. scenic, and small town character of the Village. Policy: Encourage new land uses and densities/ intensities of development which are consistent with and complement the character, economic base, and image of the area, and which are sited consistent with this plan and zoning regulations. Policy: Promote site planning and design of new development which is consistent with the established character of the Village and compatible with existing neighborhoods. Objective: Improve the visual appearance of entrances into the Village through landscape designs, signs. and land development which promote the vitality and character of the Village, without unnecessary clutter or safety hazards. Objective: Explore the possibility of establishing a sign ordinance which is consistent with the City of Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township. Policy: Encourage the preservation and restoration of historically significant structures. Policy: Discourage designs which would block significant views and vistas. Policy: Encourage traditional American architectural design. Policy: Manage the trees lining Village streets to provide a continuous green canopy. Policy: Increase enforcement of existing ordinances and regulations to better preserve the established character of the Village and promote official goals, objectives and policies. Policy: Encourage development in locations which are consistent with the capacity of existing and planned public services and facilities, and are cost effective in relation to service extensions. Policy: Review all plans by other public entities for expansion and improvement of existing road and street networks for impacts on growth patterns and for consistency with the goals, objectives, and policies of this plan. Policy: Consider the impact of land use planning and zoning changes on Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township, and discuss proposed changes with the affectedjurisdiction(s) prior to making such changes. A common procedure for such communication shall be established and followed. LAND USE & COMMUNITY FACll,ITIES Goal: Promote the balanced, efficient, and economical use of land in a manner which minimizes land use conflicts within and across municipal borders. and provides for a wide range of land uses in appropriate locations to meet the diverse needs of area residents. Policy: Insure compatible land use planning and zoning across municipal borders and minimize land use conflicts by coordinating planning and zoning, separating incompatible uses and requiring buffers where necessary. Policy: Discourage sprawl and scattered development through planned expansion of roads and public utilities and through zoning regulations which limit intensive development to areas where adequate public services are available. Policy: Provide for necessary community facilities (i.e. schools, garages. fire halls, etc.) Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan ~ ~ �consistent With this plan and capital improvement programming. Policy: Coordinate Capital Improvement Programming With the City of Saugatuck and Village of Douglas. Policy: Encourage approaches to site design which take natural features of the property. such as soils, topography, hydrology, and natural vegetation, into account and which use the land most e:ffectlvely and efficiently by maximizing open space, preserving scenic Vistas. conserving energy, and any other public policies identified in this plan. Policy: AdVise developers during site plan reView to contact the State Archaeologist. Bureau of History (517-373-6358) to determine if the project may affect a known archaeological site. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Goal: Strengthen and expand upon the area's economic base through strategies which attract new businesses, strengthen existing businesses, and enhance the tourism potential of the area consistent with the character of the Village and its ability to provide needed public services. Policy: Identify potential sites for industrial development and alternative means of financing necessary public improvements and marketing of the sites (i.e. tax increment financing, special assessments. state grants and loans, etc.) Policy: Support efforts to foster tourism by preserving the scenic beauty of the environment. expanding recreation opportunities, inlproving tourist attractions, and preparing promotional materials which highlight the attractions of the Village. Policy: Promote better communication and cooperation between the public and private sector. • COMMERCIAL Goal: Encourage high quality commercial development in appropriate locations which serves the current and future needs of residents and tourists. Policy: Encourage new commercial development to locate adjacent to existing commercial areas. Policy: Encourage a compatible and desirable mix of commercial uses, including similarity in the height and design of storefronts. Policy: Encourage the design and location of neighborhood commercial centers in a manner which complements and does not conflict With adjoining residential areas. Policy: Promote the development of small, commercial centers off of major roads, rather than lot by lot commercial strips. Policy: Discourage unsafe and unsightly strip commercial development through design and landscaping requirements such as berms. planting, clustered shopping areas, and/ or shared access. Policy: Improve the quality, Vitality, and value of Village business districts through sign regulations which control the design and location of signs. Policy: Avoid separate parking lots for each business where feasible and encourage centrally placed parking lots which serve several businesses. DOWNTOWN DOUGLAS Goal: Improve the quality, Vitality. and appearance of downtown Douglas. Policy: Promote efforts to revitalize the downtown. such as remodelling of storefronts. improved storefront displays. preservation of open space, and attractive landscaping. Objective: Pursue state and local programs aimed at planning, organ1z1n.g, and financing downtown reVitalization projects, such as a Downtown Development Authority and the Main Street program. INDUSTRIAL Goal: Increase the amount of non-polluting light industry in the area to offer year-round employment opportunities to the Douglas workforce, without damaging the enVironment, spoiling the scenic beauty of the area. or Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �1-4 overburderung local roads, utilities. or other public services. Policy: Encourage new industries to locate contiguous to ex:1sting industrial areas and to cluster in small industrial parks which conform to the design guidelines contained in thiS plan and local zoning regulations. Policy: Provide land for industrial uses in locations along major thoroughfares. with existing or planned sewer, water, electric. and solid waste disposal services to m:tnttnlZe service costs and negative impacts on other land uses. Policy: Implement site plan requirements for light industries which are designed to incorporate generous amounts of open space. attractive landscaping, and buffering from adjacent non-industrial uses. Policy: Require the separation of industrial sites from residential areas through buffers made up of any combination of parking, commercial uses, parks. parkways, or open space. HOUSING/RESIDENTIAL Goal: Encourage a variety of residential types in a wide range of prices which is consistent with the needs of a changing population and compatible With the character of existing residences in the vicinity. Policy: Explore alternative measures to reduce housing costs and make home ownership more affordable, such as zoning regulations and other programs which are designed to reduce the cost of constructing new housing. Policy: Control the operation of bed and breakfast businesses through special wning regulations to preserve the character and stability of exiSting neighborhoods. ' Policy: Provide street lights and sidewalks in residential areas where there is a demonstrated need and according to the ability of residents to finance such improvements. Objective: Adopt and enforce a basic property maintenance code and building code. Objective: Improve residential areas according to an identified need and municipal means to finance such improvements. Objective: Apply for housing rehabilitation grant funds and explore the possibility of establishing a revolving loan fund for housing rehabilltation with such funds. SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTS & OPEN SPACE Goal: Protect special environments and open space, including but not limited to sand dunes, wetlands, and critical wildlife habitat, from the harmful effects of incompatible development activity by limiting the type and intensity ofland development in those areas. r'\ < Objective: Identify development limitations on special environments through a tiered classification system which classifies these environments based on their value to the ecosystem, unique attributes, the presence of endangered plant and wildlife species, and other characteristics deemed significant. Policy: Discourage the development of high intensity residential uses along the waterfront. Policy: Encourage acquisition of special environments of significant public value by public agencies or nonprofit conservancy organizations for the purposes of preservation. Policy: Provide land through zoning for garden apartments, duplexes. and medium density single family residential uses near the Village core. Policy: Require development projects deemed appropriate in and adjacent to special environments to mitigate any negative impacts on such environments. Policy: Allow only quiet, low traffic, low intensity home occupations in residential areas to preserve their stability and tranquility. Objective: Devise regulations through zoning and site plan review for land development in special environments which permit development in a manner consistent with protection objecttves and which complement state and federal regulations for special environments. Policy: Discourage the conversion of single family dwellings to multiple family dwellings to preserve the stability of existing neighborhoods. ~ Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan ~ -:'.' �1-5 • WATERFRONT Goal: Protect and enhance the natural aesthetic values and recreation potential of all waterfront areas for the enjoyment of area citizens. Policy: Promote the preseivation of open space and natural areas, as well as limited, carefully planned development along the Kalamazoo River, Kalamazoo Lake, Lake Michigan and connecting streams, creeks, and drainageways to protect and enhance the scenic beauty of these waterfront areas. and permit the continuity of these existing open spaces to remain. Policy: Some waterfront lands may be developed to meet residential and commercial needs. enhance local tax base, and contribute to paying for local public service costs associated with their use and development. consistent with environmental protection policies in this plan, where such development would contribute to local quality of life. • Policy: Maximize public access to the water, both physically and visually and identify scenic vistas which the Village would like to preserve. Policy: Acquire scenic easements wherever public values dictate the maintenance of visual access to the waterfront and the property is not available for purchase. Policy: Limit the height and intensity of new development along waterfront areas to preserve visual access and the natural beauty of the waterfront for the broader public. partment of Natural Resources Recreation Division, on recreation projects which would benefit area residents and strengthen the tourism industry. Objective: Examine the feasibility of, and establish if feasible, a jointly owned and operated community center to serve residents of all ages in all three communities. Objective: Examine the feasibility of expanding low cost opportunities for public beach and campground facilities for area citizens with boat launching sites, bike paths. cross-country ski trails, and docks for shore fishing. Objective: Develop a system of cross-country ski trails together with the Village of Douglas, the City of Saugatuck, and other jurisdictions/agencies if possible, through the use of local funds. grants and loans, and capital improvement programming. Policy: Encourage local government participation in activities designed to enhance the area's seasonal festivals. Policy: Retain. maintain, and improve all existing publicly owned parks so that they continue to meet the diverse recreation needs of area citizens and tourists. Objective: Investigate developing a joint public marina and launch facility where federal and state funding is available to assist With financing such a venture. TRANSPORTATION Policy: Explore opportunities to convert street ends which abut water bodies for public access to the water for fishing. viewing, and launching of small water crafts. Goal: Maintain a safe, effective, and efficient road network and improve roads to promote growth in a way that is consistent with land use goals. objectives and policies. RECREATION Objective: Survey the transportation network and identify need for maintenance and improvements. Goal: Enhance the well-being of area residents by providing a variety of opportunities for relaxation, rest, activity, and education through a well balanced system of private and public park and recreational facilities and activities which seive identified needs of area residents. • Objective: Identify and explore opportunities to cooperate with other jurisdictions and agencies, including Allegan County and the De- Objective: Prepare a capital .improvement budget for financing transportation maintenance and improvements. Objective: Prepare a capital improvements program to schedule and prioritize improvements and maintenance . Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �1-6 Policy: Implement traffic controls and design features that will increase the efficiency and safety of major arterials. including but not lim• ited to: traffic signals, deceleration lanes, limiting driveways, minimum standards for driveway spacing, uniform sign regulations. shared or alternate access, left and right turn lanes. and speed limit adjustments. Goal: Encourage a wide vartety of transportation means. such as walking, hilting, and public transportation, to meet the diverse needs of area residents. Objective: Develop an areawide bikepath through local funds, grants and loans. and cap· ital improvement programming. Policy: Promote pedestrian and bike travel through a coordinated network of bikepaths, trails, and sidewalks. Policy: Maintain the sidewalk system and require developers to provide sidewalks in appropriate locations through subdivision regulations. Policy: Promote regularly scheduled. affordable. and dependable public transportation to increase the mobility and quality of life of those who depend on public transportation. Objective: Encourage expansion of the interurban system consistent with municipal means to finance the increased service and an identified public need. WATER AND SEWER Goal: Insure a safe and adequate water supply for the area, and environmentally sound sewage treatment. which are efficiently provided and cost effective. Policy: Provide a reliable supply of safe, clean, and good tasting drinking water. Policy: Minimize the potential for groundwater contamination through planning and zoning which is consistent with the capacity and limitations of the land and available services. Objective: Upgrade and provide adequate and lines within the existing sewer and water service. mains Objective: Devise alternative mechanisms for financing sewer and water expansions which are financially sound and equitable. Objective: Promote a joint agreement with the City of Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township to plan and implement areawide sewer and water service. including full participation by each in the Kalamazoo Lake Sewer & Water Authority. Objective: Investigate refashioning the Kalamazoo Lake Sewer and Water Authority into an independent authority, in order to insure that the needs of area citizen's for quality utility services are met. Policy: Insure that the expansion of sewer and water service into an area is consistent with the planned intensity of land use for that area. scheduled when affordable, and implemented when necessary to meet an identified need in the area rather than on a speculative basis. POLICE. FIRE, & EMERGENCY SERVICES Goal: Provide police, fire, and emergency services consistent with a public need and the ability to finance improvements in the most cost effective manner. Policy: Consolidate police. fire, and other emergency services across the three communities to eliminate overlap in service and expenditures and improve service delivery. Objective: Evaluate the feasibility of 24 hour medical service which serves all three jurisdictions to be provided by a public or private entity. SOCIAL SERVICES Goal: Promote the availability of necessary social services to meet identified needs of area residents. Objective: Explore the possibility of establishing support programs for older adults through the use of volunteers for assistance with household chores. personal care. and home repair to help them remain independent. shorten hospital stays, and lower health care costs. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan r-- �1-7 • Policy: Support efforts to establish community day care center(s) in appropriate locations to provide quality and affordable day care to working parents. Policy: Provide those social services which are efficient to provide at the local level to meet the needs of area residents. WASTE MANAGEMENT Goal: Insure the safe, effective, and efficient disposal of solid waste and toxic substances. Policy: Encourage the reduction of solid waste through recycling, composting. and waste-to-energy projects. etc., and encourage or implement these through zoning and subdivision regulations. Objective: Establish an educational program (i.e. "energy awareness week") in cooperation with the local school system. Policy: Require developers to provide sidewalks in appropriate locations through subdivision regulations. Policy: Encourage higher density residential development near areas with .shopping and services to limit the number and length of trips generated from that development. Policy: Manage disposal of solid waste and location of solid waste facilities in accordance with the Allegan County Solid Waste Management Plan prepared under PA 641 of 1978. Objective: Adopt regulations for on-site storage and transportation of hazardous waste which require: • Secondary containment for on-site storage of hazardous waste: • No transfer of hazardous waste over open ground: • Arrangements for inspection of, and monitoring underground storage tanks: • Existing underground storage tanks must provide spill protection around the fill pipe by 1998 in accordance with 1988 EPA standards. • All existing underground storage tanks must install leak detection systems within 5 years in accordance with 1988 EPA standards; Objective: Encourage the development and use of biodegradable containers. ENERGY Goal: Promote site design and building which is energy efficient and encourage energy conservation through good land use planning and wise public building management. Objective: Prepare energy guidelines or standards which address landscaping, solar access. solar energy systems. sidewalks, subdivision layout, proximity to goods and services. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �2-1 Chapter2 DEMOGRAPHICS POPULATION SIZE The population of the Village of Douglas has more than doubled since 1950. This represents a 112% increase from 1950 to 1980, and a 17% increase since 1970 (see Table 2.1). There is some skepticism over 1986 Census estimates. which show a 5% decline in Village population. Current trends and projections indicate population growth, rather than decline, and 1990 Census estimates will almost certainly reveal population growth. SEASONAL POPULATION The population of the each community in the tri-community area swells during the summer when seasonal residents and tourists return. The 1980 census estimates that 23% (123) of the Village's 529 total housing units are vacant, seasonal, and :migratory. Nearly all of these (108) are detached single family units. An engineering study prepared by Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber for the Kalamazoo Lake Sewer & Water Authority (KLSWA) estimates that the total tri-community area population is comprised of one-third seasonal residents and two-thirds permanent residents and that the weekend daytime population during the summer is about 2,500 persons. Although sewer and water demand typically grows with population, the study found that demand for sewer and water in the trt-community area increased about 30% between 19801986, whereas population increased by an average of 20%. This reflects the impact of the seasonal and tourist population on local services. HOUSEHOLDS AND AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE Until recently, the average household size in the United States has continued to shrink, due to an aging population. higher divorce rates, postponed marriages. and lower birth rates. In keeping with state and national trends, the average household size in the tri-community area declined dramatically, from 2.98 in 1960 to 2.39 in 1980. The average household size in the Village in 1980 was 2.44. Smaller household size means a greater number of households. If the average household size in 1960 held true today, there would be about 300 fewer individual households in the area. The number of households is an excellent gauge of the demand for land and services. As household size decreases, the additional households create further demand for land. housing, transportation, and public utilities. Although household size has declined substantially over the past few decades, national trends suggest that it will soon cease its decline. Nationwide the average household size has reached a plateau and state demographers predict that Michigan will follow suit. AGE DISTRIBUTION Historical age cohort data is available on a regional basis and a comparison of age cohorts in the tri-community area between 1960 and 1980 reveals a large drop in the proportion of young children, with a corresponding increase in the childbearing cohort (20 to 30 year olds) and 45-54 year olds. The proportion of retirees to the total population, however. has remained TABLE2.l POPULATION ( 1950-1980) COMMUNITY Saugatuck Saugatuck Township Douglas AREAWIDE 1950 770 845 447 2,062 1960 927 1,133 602 2,662 1970 1980 1,022 1,254 813 3,089 1,079 1,753 948 3,780 Source: U.S. Census Bureau Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan CHANGE 40% 107% 112% 83% �2-2 FIGURE 2.1 FIGURE 2.2 AGE COHORTS (1960 & 1980) AGE COHORTS (1980) ALLEGAN COUNTY ARE A§ =1960 17 19 p E R C E N T -1980 17 15 1a 11 9 p E A 15 C E N T 11 1a 9 7 5.+----,r----r-"""T""-,---,------.----, 0-1' 5-14 15-24 25-34 3S-44 45-54 5-14 0-4 3+--~-~-~----~-~ 15•24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ AGE GROUP 65+ 55-64 AGE GROUP of the County, although the Village has a much lower proportion of children aged 5-14, and a much higher proportion of senior citizens. In regional terms, the Village comprises 24% of the area's senior population; the City of Saugatuck comprises 37% (despite its small size): and the Township, 39%. FIGURE 2.3 AGE COHORTS (1980) VILLAGE OF DOUGLAS 20 18 p E R C E N 16 14 12 EDUCATION 10 The Village of Douglas has a well educated citizenry. An analysis of those aged 25 and older in 1980 reveals that 35.9% have completed 1 or more years of college (see Figure 2.4). Table 2.2 contains complete information on the educational status of persons 25 years old and over by jurisdiction. T •+-----~-----0-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ AGE GROUP constant (see Figure 2.1). This is out of keeping with statewide trends and suggests that the area has experienced high in-migration of retirees through time. Retirees are attracted by the area's special resort quality, small town character, and scenic beauty. Figures 2.2 and 2.3 depict the 1980 age cohort distribution in the Village of Douglas, as compared to Allegan County. In accordance with countywide trends, the Village has a small cohort of infants and toddlers. The cohort distribution of the Village of Douglas resembles that SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS The Saugatuck Public School District serves the Village of Douglas (see Map 2.1). School enro11ment data for Saugatuck High School and Douglas Elementary, the two schools which comprise the Saugatuck Public School system, illustrate the impact of areawide demographic trends on the school system. Between 1973 and 1989, enrollments in the TABLE 2.2 EDUCATIONAL STATUS PERSONS 25 YEARS OLD AND OVER Elementary 1-3 years HS 4 years HS 1-3 years College 4+ years College SAUGATIJCK SAUGATIJCK TOWNSHIP CITY 185 199 373 157 188 DOUGLAS 57 97 276 137 196 Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan 73 84 213 123 84 AREA 315 380 862 417 468 �2-3 FIGURE 2.4 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND IN 1980 PERSONS 25 AND OVER, TRI-COMMUNITY AREA 40 l]fil TOWNSHIP 35 • 30 p 25 ~ 20 E N T 15 E CITY ~ VILLAGE 10 5 0 ELEMENTARY 1-3 YRS H.S. 4 YRS H.S. FIGURE 2.15 SAUGATUCK PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS GRAOESK-12 BOO E N R 0 L L 1100 T llliO 4 YRS COLL. (see Figure 2.6). School enrollment data appears in Table 2.3. Future elementary and high school enrollments were projected by the Saugatuck Public School system. These projections show an upturn in high school enrollments in 1991 with a TABLE2.3 SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SAUGATUCK PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT 850 M E H 1-3 YRS COLL. 500-1-.......,-.--.-,....-.--r-T""-r-T--i--r"--r-"-r--'I 73-74 75'78 71-78 79-80 81-82 83-84 8H6 &NIB VEAR School ~em:. pes K-12, 34% (see Fflure 2.5). When at.f" and hjp sdlool enro.11- data~ a 17% inerease YEAR 79-80 K-6 7-12 TOTAL 326 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 307 306 252 329 322 299 290 232 303 259 296 277 265 246 215 655 629 605 542 535 555 527 540 545 511 86-87 87-88 88-89 250 275 299 296 �2-4 FIGURE 2.6 SAUGATUCK PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOLS 360 340 E N R 0 L L M E N T 320 300 280 260 "il,,... 240 [ PROJECTIONS '\ I - ... ) . ~ 7-12 _ / ~ 220 200 180 79-80 I I I '' '··•:;., I 81-82 83--84 85-86 87-88 89-90 91-92 93-94 YEAR • continued climb in elementary school enrollments (see Figure 2.6). Total projected 1994 enrollments, however, are still 23% less than 1973-74 levels. FUTIJRE TRENDS If local demographic trends follow those projected for the county as they have in the past, then the overall proportion of retirees in the area will expand much faster than that of school age children. The Michigan Department of Management and Budget projects that Allegan County's school age population Will grow only 3% by the year 2000, while senior citizens will increase by 30%. The area ·s small cohort of infants and children, large cohort of middle aged to elderly, and high rate of retiree in-migration suggest this will be equally true in the Village. These figures reveal the need to plan for the needs of an aging community, as well as initiate efforts to attract families With children into the area. The large cohort of individuals in their childbearing years in the Village and Township should result in a natural increase in young children. but because couples are having fewer children, school enrollments will probably expand only slightly. The Saugatuck Public School system is not likely to meet its potential capacity for enrollments unless a sequence of events or actions attracts new families with young children into the area. Two key factors Will be the availability of affordable housing and nearby employment opportunities. In the meantime, schools must use space and resources efficiently as they experience tighter budgets and small enrollments. Many of the demographic characteristics shown here have been analyzed based on 1980 census information. These trends should be updated when the 1990 census information is available. See Appendix B for more demographic information from the 1980 census. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �N A H OL MAP 2.1 PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICTS ■ Saugatuck ~ Fennville D Hamilton DATA SOURCE: Respective School Districts Planning & Zoning Center Inc. Lansing, Ml August 1989 s I DOU �3-1 Chapters THE ECONOMY large wetlands abounding with wildlife; orchards and specialty farms: and a scenic location on Lake Michigan encompassing Silver, Goshorn, Kalamazoo and Oxbow lakes. and the Kalamazoo River. The area also has a reputation as a cultural center which sexves as an artists' retreat. The Ox Bow Art Workshop and the Red Barn theater add to the area's cultural ambience. Although it is located in Laketown Township. the Saugatuck Dunes State Park serves as another tourist attraction to the tri-community area. The Park offers no camping and thus many visitors stay in the tri-community area. Visitor counts from the Michigan Department of Resources. Parks Division, reveal that the park has increased in popularity since the ?O's. Visitor counts performed by the Parks Division show that 47,463 people visited Saugatuck Dunes State Park in FY 1988 a 300% increase in park attendance since 1979, when it attracted only 11,714 visitors. ECONOMIC BASE Tourism Tourism fuels the economy of the tri-community area. with associated boating, restaurant. lodging. and strong retail sectors. Of the three jurisdictions, the City of Saugatuck relies most heavily on tourism. The Village of Douglas has boating and lodging facilities which capitalize on tourism, but its commercial sector is primarily oriented towards local clientele. The Township has a small commercial sector which compliments that of the Village, but it is primarily seasonal residential and rural. with a large agricultural area to the south. Although the City of Saugatuck is seen as the resort center of the area. the Village also benefits from and contributes to the tourist trade. The area's resort flair is defined by: historic buildings- including quaint bed and breakfast inns; the many festivals; outstanding boating; Oval Beach; downtown Saugatuck; sand dunes; TABLE 3.1 IMPACT OF TRAVEL ON ALLEGAN COUNTY, 1986 TOT.TRAVEL TRAVEL EXPENDITURES GENER. PAYROLL $42,413,000 $/Jobs .56% % of St.ate Total 29.52% %change 1983-86 TRAVEL GENER. EMPLOYMENT STATE TAX RECEWI'S LOCAL TAX RECEWI'S 869Jobs .62% 18.39% $2,191,000 .71% 27.98% $363,000 .49% 32.48% $7,689,000 .49% 37.87% Source: U.S. Travel Data Center, "The Economic Impact of Travel on Michigan Counties.· TABLE 3.2 MAJOR EMPLOYERS PRODUCT/SERVICE Hansen Machine Haworth Harbors Health Facility Enterprise Hinge Douglas Marine Tafts Supermarket Paramount Tool Co.• Inc. Rich Products Metal Stampings Office Furniture Nursing Horne Manufacturing Marina Supermarket Machinery Pies EMPLOYEES 43 238 78 12 21 32 24 85 Source: Allegan County Promotional Alliance Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �3-2 FIGURE 3.1 EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR IN 1980 TRI-COMMUNITY AREA AND ALLEGAN COUNTY PUBLIC fill CITY ■ VILLAGE SERVICES E::;a TOWNSHIF FIN/INS/REAL EST ~ COUNTY RETAIL WHOLESALE TRANS/COMM/UTIL MANUFACTURING CONSTRUCTION AGRICULTURE 10 5 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 PERCENT How much money does travel and tourism generate in the trt-community area? Although current travel and tourism statistics are not available for the trt-community area, studies conducted for Allegan County reveal the tremendous impact of travel and tourism on local economies in the County. This is especially true for Saugatuck-Douglas- the major resort center in the County. A study prepared for the Michigan Travel Bureau by the U.S. Travel Data Center in 1986 found that travellers spent $42.4 million in Allegan County in 1986, generating $7.7 million for payroll. 869 jobs. $2.1 million in state tax receipts. and $363,000 in local tax receipts. This ranks Allegan County 33rd out of Michigan's 83 counties in travel and tourism revenues. Selected data from this study is reproduced in Table 3. 1. Manqfacturing Manufacturing is central to the year-round stability of the area's economy. Although there TABLE 3.3 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY - 1980 TOfAL Agriculture Construction Manufacturing TCU • Wholesale Trade Retail Trade FIRE** Services Public Admin. CITY VILLAGE 547 9 30 156 25 13 146 21 125 22 433 16 27 169 10 7 67 15 96 26 TOWNSHIP 689 37 75 274 17 20 106 39 107 14 • Transportation, Communicatiion, Utillities .,. Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Source:1980 U.S. Census of Population, General Social and Economic Characteristics. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan AREA 1,669 62 132 599 52 40 319 75 328 62 COUN1Y 34,025 2,041 2,009 13,033 1,407 1,398 5,017 1,126 7,105 889 �3-3 TABLE 3.4 EMPLOYME,NT BY OCCUPATION - 1980 TOTAL Manag. & Admin Prof. Technical Sales Clertcal Service Fann, Fishing Crafts & Repair Machine Operators Laborers. Mat. Moving CI1Y VlLLAGE TOWNSHIP AREA COUN1Y 547 77 87 63 70 72 13 66 60 39 433 34 62 24 45 73 13 70 90 22 685 43 74 83 74 73 43 144 120 31 1,665 154 223 170 189 231 126 210 270 92 34,025 2,315 3,319 2,696 4,189 4,300 1,885 5,447 6,129 3,745 Source: 1980 U.S. Census of Population, General Social and Economic Characteristics. TABLE 3.5 AVERAGE ANNUAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE To-Community: 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 15.2 14.7 10.8 11.3 6.5 5.8 5.2 County 14.8 14.3 10.5 10.9 7.3 5.6 5.1 State 15.5 14.2 11.2 9.9 8.8 8.2 7.6 So=: MESC, Bureau of Research & Statistics, Field Analysis Unit are fewmanufacturtng firms, they provide a high percentage of area jobs. Major area employers are listed in Table 3.2. Agriculture Agrtculture is another strong component of the area's economic base. Although farms are located in the Township, Census employment information reveal many individuals in agrtcultural employment in the Village (see Figure 3.1). Rich Products, a major area employer, is an agrt-business which was attracted to the region because of its many fruit fanns. The future of agrt-industry is bright in light of Michigan Department of Commerce efforts to promote and expand food processing .industrtes in the state. EMPLOYMENT Table 3.3 breaks down employment by economic sector for the tri-community area and the county in 1980. This information is illustrated in Figure 3.1. Manufacturing employs the most people in each of the three communities. Yet employment in other sectors vartes. Thirty-nine percent of the Village of Douglas· labor force is employed in manufacturtng. Yet unlike the City, the service sector dominates the retail sector. Service employ 22% ofVillage workers, with only 15% in the retail sector. Construction (6%) and the public sector (6%) are the fourth largest employers of village residents, and agriculture (4%) is fifth. Although nearly all of the region's fanning occurs in the Township. 1980 employment by sector shows that the proportion of the labor force employed in agrtculture in the Township (5%) is low compared to the amount of agrtcultural activity, and only slightly higher than the Village of Douglas. Many farmers have alternative sources of income outside of farm.ing, causing the census to count them in another employment sector. Employment by occupation in 1980 is shown in Table 3.4. The highest proportion of workers in Douglas are machine operators, followed by service workers. crafts and repair workers. and professional/technical workers. Average Annual Employment and Unemployment Unemployment has declined dramatically with Michigan's economic growth of the late 80's. Table 3. 5 reveals average annual unemployment rates in the area since the last statewide recession. (Employment data is not available for individual communities in the trtcommunity area. The Michigan Employment Securtty Commission aggregates it for Saugatuck Township, the Village of Douglas. and the City Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan jii.:;-, �3-4 of Saugatuck.} The tri-cornmunity area has a slightly higher rate of unemployment than Allegan County. although since 1986 the unemployment rate has dipped below that of the state revealing local or regional economic growth. Average annual employment in the trt-community area bottomed out in 1986. This reflected the loss of American Twisting, which employed about 20 people, and the burning of Broward Marine (about 100 employees) and Brighton Metal (about 10 employees). Yet 1n 1987, areawide employment jumped dramatically. During that year Broward Marine reopened its doors: Rich Products, Harbor Health Facilities, Paramount Tools and other area businesses increased employment: a number of small businesses and two restaurants opened; and perhaps most significantly, Haworth Corporation expanded adding two new departments. Contributing to this was the state and regional economic boom, and corresponding increases in construction and spending. Figure 3.2 illustrates this trend. Seasonal Employment Local employment increases each summer as tourists flood into the tri-community area. FIGURE 3.2 AVERAGE ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT TRI-COMMUNITY AREA 2.8 2.6 T H 2.4 0 2.2 u s A 2.0 1.8 N D 1.4 s 1.2 1.0 +---.-----.--..------.----, 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 YEAR Figure 3.3 reveals the impact of tourism on employment 1n the tri-community area during the surmner months. The high number of jobs created during the summer months are primarily unskilled jobs in the service/retail sector, especially eating and drinking establishments and various other recreation-oriented uses. Figure 3.4 reveals this explosion in summer employment for tourism- TABLE 3.6 PER CAPITA INCOME ($), ALLEGAN COUNTY (TOP TEN) Saugatuck Laketown Township Holland Gunplain. Township Otsego Township Plainwell Saugatuck Township Allegan Township Leighton Township Filhnore TownshiQ 1979 9031 8332 8125 8074 7437 7396 7286 7170 7051 7015 Laketown Township Saugatuck Holland Gunplain Township Otsego Township Saugatuck Township Douglas Filhnore Township Plainwell Leighton TownshiQ 1985 13,013 12,631 11,608 10,947 10,239 10,228 10.150 10,120 9,886 9,539 Source: 1985 Per Capital Income Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau TABLE 3.7 INCOME & POVERTY CHARACTERISTICS TRI-COMMUNITY AREA (1980) Median HH income % in poverty Income 200% of poverty level & above TOWNSHIP CI1Y VILLAGE COUNTY 16.412 7.1% 74% 15,182 8.6% 75% 14,963 11.3% 73% 17,906 8.0% 71% Source: 1980 Census of Population Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �3-5 FIGURE 3.4 FIGURE 3.3 MONTHLY EMPLOYMENT TRI-COMMUNITY AREA, 1988 TOURISM RELATED EMPLOYMENT, 1988 ALLEGAN COUN'IY 2700 1.2. 2650 E M p L 0 y M E N T 1.0 2600 Q.8 2550 0.6 2500 0.4 E MT p H L o ou y s A 0.2 2450 0.0 MN E D Ns T 2400 2350 2300+.-........---T-.--"T"'"""""T'""--,--r--"T"'""-r--,--, J F M A M J J A S O N 0 MONTH FIGURE 3.5 REAL PROPERTY SEV (1988) SAUGATUCK TOWNSHIP & Vlll.AGE OF DOUGLAS ~V'V'II DEVELOPMENTAL l'Y• AGRICULTURAL 5% INDUSTRIAL 2% related industries in Allegan County. TWs increase creates a high demand for teenage employees. Tri-community area businesses note the difficulty of filling these jobs, and the need to import seasonal labor. This is yet another impact of the demographic make-up of the area (i.e. the low number of teenage children). New industry and affordable housing in the area could attract families With children who, in turn, could staff area businesses during peak summer months. TAX BASE Residential uses make up the bulk of the area's tax base. Tax base information is aggre- gated for the Township and Village of Douglas. In 1988, residential uses comprised 76% of the real property tax base for the Township and Village of Douglas ($43,730,725). Commercial uses comprised 16% ($9,402,800). Agriculture comprised 5% ($2,661.790). Industrial comprised 2% (%1,126,200). Developmental, a recently created category which refers to lands which are assessed at a higher rate due to their high development potential, comprised 1o/o ($430,733) (see Figure 3.5). Figure 3.6 illustrates changes in annual real property SEV between 1980 and 1987 for the Village of Douglas, compared to Saugatuck Township and the City of Saugatuck. The figure shows a steady increase in the Village's real property tax base since 1980. The sharp drop in Township SEV is explained by the incorporation of the City of Saugatuck and its corresponding removal from the Township's tax base. More information on annual Sev·s and 1988 breakdowns can be found in AppendJx B. INCOME Between 1979 and 1985, census estJmates show a dramatic rise in per capita income in the Village of Douglas- an increase of 47.4%- making it one of the top ten communities in terms of per capita income in Allegan County. Table 3.6 shows this comparison. (Per capita income in 1979 was $7,688 for the state and $6,744 for the county. in 1985 it was $10,902 for the state and $9,346 for the county.) Table 3.7 reveals selected income and poverty characteristics by jurisdiction in the tri- Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �3-6 FIGURE 3.6 ANNUAL REAL PROPERTY SEV TRI-COMMUNITY AREA (1980-87) 70 60 M S~ ELI VoN 50 ~ - 40 = - s 30 Saugatuck Douglas Township* Township** 20 10.k~~~-----------1980 198119821983 1984 1985 1986 1987 YEAR * not including Village(s) including Douglas through 1987 and Saugatuck through 1984 ** community area. Although the per capita income in the area has been consistently higher than that of the county, the median household income is lower. The median household income is the point at which 50% of the households earn more and 50% earn less. This statistic is more representative of local trends as it is less easily distorted by a few high income wage earners. Poverty data correspond with median household income. As median income goes up, the proportion in poverty goes down. Despite its rapid growth in per capita income, the Village of Douglas has the lowest median household income and the highest percentage of poor in the region. Figure 3. 7 reveals the proportion of those in poverty by age. (The poverty level used by the 1980 census in recording thiS data was an annual income of $3,778 for those under 65, and $3,689 for those 65 and over.) Although the largest number of poor persons are under 55, a high proportion are elderly. FIGURE 3.7 . PERCENT IN POVERTY BY AGE TRI-COMMUNITY AREA (1980) tfil TOWNSHIP 71) p E R C E N T ■ •• CITY ~ VILLAGE so •• ,o . ,. LESSTHAH55 ... M,..51 Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan AGE �4-1 Chapter4 NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT CLJMATE Weather conditions affect the Village's economic base. Variations in average conditions, especially during the summer months, can cause fluctuations in tourism and outdoor recreation activities, upon which the local economy is dependent. Prevailing winds determine lakeshore and sand dune erosion patterns, which impose limitations on development along the Lake Michigan shore. Below, in Table 4. 1, is relevant climatic information for the area. These conditions generally do not pose limitations on the area's growth except along the Lake Michigan shore, where natural forces can cause rapid and extensive erosion of beaches and sand dunes. The climate is also considered favorable for growmg certain fruits, such as apples and blueberries. GEOLOGY Douglas is located on the southwestern flank of the Michigan Basin, which is a bedrock feature centered in the middle of the Lower Peninsula. The sandstone and shale bedrock is overlain by glacial deposits from 50 to 400 feet thick. There are no outcroppings of the bedrock and the proximity of the bedrock to the surface of the ground does not impose limitations for normal excavating or construction. Glacial deposits consist primarily of sandy lake bed deposits east of the Lake Border Moraine, a major physiographic formation which is adjacent to Lake Michigan. TOPOGRAPHY Most of Douglas is relatively flat. but local variations in elevation of up to 50 feet exist in some places between uplands and the floodplain of the Kalamazoo River, and along the Lake Michigan Shore. The golf course in the northwest part of the Village and Tannery Creek north of Section 21 are areas having steep slopes. Steep slopes present impressive scenery and pose increased maintenance and construction costs as well as safety risks. This is especially true with unstable landforms such as sand dunes. Generally, slopes exceeding 7% should not be developed intensively, while slopes of more than 12% should not be developed at all because of erosion and storm water runoff problems. On the topographic map (Map 4.1). steep slope areas are indicated by three or more contour lines in close proximity. DRAINAGE Douglas lies within the Kalamazoo River Basin, which begins near Jackson and extends westward into Saugatuck Township, Douglas and Saugatuck (see Figure 4.1). All of the land in the Village drains into the Kalamazoo River, except for areas directly adjacent to Lake Michigan. Most areas of the Village drain fairly well TABLE4.1 SUMMARY OF RELEVANT CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE VARIABLES AVERAGE CONDITION EXTREME CONDIDON Coldest Months (January-February) Hotest Month (July) Annual Average Temperature Average Rainfall Average Growing Season Average Annual Snowfall Elevation Above Sealevel Prevailing Winds 23.3° F - 25.1° F 71.5° F 48.3° F 35.7 inches 153 days 79.7 inches 590 feet Westerly -11 ° F - -35° F 96° F - 106° F Source: USDA Soil Survey, Allegan County Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �FIGURE 4.1 KALAMAZOO RIVER BASIN Lake Huron Lake Erie due to adequate slopes and highly permeable soils. Exceptions are the West Shore golf course area in the northwest part of the Village and Tannery Creek. Watercourses in Douglas are shown on Map 4.2. FLOODPLAINS Areas adjacent to creeks, streams and rivers are susceptible to periodic flooding that can cause extensive damage to buildings and can pose a substantial threat to public health and safety. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has mapped the boundaries of the 100 year flood• plain in Douglas. Those boundaries are denoted by the shaded areas on Map 4.3 and is the area that would be inundated during an Intermediate Regional Flood. The Federal Flood Insurance Program has established guidelines for use and development of floodplain areas. Those regulations indicate that development in floodplains should be restricted to open space. recreational or agricultural uses. Installation of public utilities and permanent construction for residential, commercial or industrial uses should not occur in floodplain areas. Several homes along Douglas Bayou and small areas of the boat storage and maintenance facilities north of Blue Star Highway on Kalamazoo Lake are the only developments in the floodplain. There is not much floodplain area within the Village, with the West Shore golf course area and Tannery Creek being the only sizeable floodplain areas. WEn.ANDS There are numerous areas within the Village which could be considered wetlands. Most are contiguous to or hydrologically connected to the Kalamazoo River or Tannery Creek. Some are herbaceous and shrub rangelands. which may or may not be considered wetlands. subject to site characteristics. Wetlands are valuable in storing floodwaters and recharging groundwater. They are also habitat for a wide variety of plants and animals. Because wetlands are a valuable natural resource, they are protected by Public Act 203 of 1979. PA 203 requires that permits be acquired from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) prior to altering or filling a regulated wetland. The Wetland Protection Act defines wetlands as "land charactertzed. by the presence of water at a .frequency and duration s4ffteient to support and that under normal circumstances does support wetland vegetation ar aquatic life and ts commonly referred t.o as a bog, swamp, or marsh and ts conttguou.s to the Great Lakes. an inland lake or pond. or a river or stream." Regulated wetlands include all wetland areas greater than 5 acres or those contiguous to waterways. Wetlands which are hydrologically connected (i.e. via groundwater) to waterways are also regulated. Activities exempted from the provisions of the Act include farming. grazing of an.tmals. farm or stock ponds, lumbering, maintenance of existing nonconforming structures. maintenance or improvement of existing roads and streets within existing rightsof-way, maintenance or operation of pipelines less than six inches in diameter. and maintenance or operation of electric transmission and distribution power lines. Permits will not be issued if a feasible or prudent alternative to developing a wetland exists. An inventory of wetlands based on the DNR's land use\cover inventory arc illustrated on Map 4.4. Table 4.2 shows the land use\cover codes pertaining to regulated wetlands ln the area. Herbaceous and shrub rangelands may not actually meet the statutory definition of wetland, so on site inspections will be necessary Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �4-3 to establish whether a wetland indeed exists in such areas. SOILS A modem soil survey was completed for Allegan County by the USDA Soil Conservation Service in March, 1987. The soil types present in the Village of Douglas are shown on the map and table in Appendix D. Each soil type has unique characteristics which pose opportunities for some uses and limitations for others. The most important characteristics making the soil suitable or unsuitable for development are limitations on dwellings with basements. limitations on septic tank absorption fields, and suitability for farming. Soil limitations have been classified into three categories. which are described below. • Slight: Relatively free of limitations or limitations are easily overcome. • Moderate: Limitations need to be considered. but can be overcome with good management and careful design. • Severe: Limitations are severe enough to make use questionable. Approximately half of the soils in Douglas have severe limitations on residential and urban development. The degree of soil limitations reflects the hardship and expense of developing the land. Basement Limitations Limitations for dwellings with basements are shown on Map 4.5. Some soils impose severe limitations on basements because of excessive TABLE 4.2 LAND COVER CODES FOR PROTECTED WETLANDS IN TRI-COMMUNITY AREA CODE DESCRIPTION 31 32 412 414 421 429 611 612 621 622 Herbaceous Rangeland• Shrub Rangeland* Upland Hardwoods Lowland Hardwoods Upland Conifers Lowland Conifers Wooded Swanps Shrub Swamps Marshland Meadow Mud Flats Source: Michigan DNR Land Cover /Use Classification System • Wetlands are sometimes, but not always associated with these land cover types. wetness, low strength, excessive slope. or shrink-swell potential. These areas are found primarily in the extreme southern part of the Village, near and within the Felkers Subdivision. in the West Shore golf course area. and along Lakeshore Drive between Center St. and Campbell Rd. Most of these areas are considered severe because of excessive wetness. Septic Limitations Most of the soils in Douglas impose severe limitations on septic tank absorption fields. while some impose only slight limitations. The remainder are excavated areas or beaches, which are not rated for septic limitations. The permeability of soils in the Village ranges from very poorly drained to excessively drained, with neither one predominant. Map 4.6 shows the septic limitations for the Village. This map suggests the need for municipal sewers to accommodate new development in some areas not presently served. including parts of the Felkers Subdivision and the southeast part of the Village. The degree of soil limitations reflects the hardship and expense of developing that land for a particular use. Those soils classified as "severe" have varying degrees of development potential based on the nature of the limitation. Map 4. 7 provides this more detailed analysis of severe limitations on septic tank absorption fields. The "severe" soils have been categorized as follows: A Sandy, moderate to rapid permeability B. Rapid permeability, wetness and high water table C. Wet, ponding, heavier (clay) soils. slow permeability D. Very wet soils, organics. wetlands, floodplains, unable to support septic fields. Soils in categories B and D are not able to support septic fields because of extreme wetness. Soils in categoxy A are classified as "severe" by the Soil Conservation Service. however the Allegan County Health Department considers them to have only moderate limitations for septic systems. They can be made suitable for development by increasing the distance between the septic system and the water table. Soils with moderate and slight limitations also appear on Map 4.7. Soils that are most suitable for development. with respect to basement and septic limitations. are shown in Map 4.8. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �4-4 Portions of the Felkers Subdivision in Douglas have been designated by the Allegan County Health Department as unsuitable for new development without sewers.(see Map 4.7a) Standards for Septic Systems The Allegan County Health Department has established certain standards for septic systems. These standards apply somewhat different site characteristics when determining the degree of limitations for septic systems. compared to the Soil Conservation Service approach. which focuses on soil types and slope. Below is a review of these Health Department standards by development type. Single Family Residential Before a permit is considered, there must be at least four feet of dry soils between the bottom of the septic system and the water table. In addition, there must be one foot between the existing ground surface and the seasonal water table. and two feet between the existing ground surface and the clay. Special permits will be considered only if the site size is at least two acres and the septic system is put on top of four feet of sand. Residential sites that fail to meet those requirements, such as the small lots in Felkers Subdivision, will not be issued septic system permits. All Other RestdentiaL Plus Commercial These fall under State guidelines of at least two feet between the existing ground surface and the water table and four feet of dry soil between the bottom of the septic system and the water table. No special permits are issued for these uses. Most of the land along the entire length of Blue Star Highway not served by public utilities does not meet these State standards and has been denied commercial permits. Public sewers will be necessary. Hydric Soils Hydric soils are another limitation on development. They are very poorly drained, saturate easily and retain large quantities of water. If artificially drained, they are often suitable for farmland use. Map 4.9 shows where these soils are. In Douglas, hydric soils are found near watercourses and correspond to present or former wetlands. Residential, commercial and in- dustrial development in areas containing hydric soils should be discouraged. GROUNDWATER Groundwater iS an unseen resource and is therefore particularly vulnerable to mismanagement and contamination. Prior to the 1980's, little was known about groundwater contamination in Michigan, and some startling facts have recently been revealed. The leading causes of groundwater contamination in Michigan are from small businesses and agriculture. More than 50% of all contamination comes from small businesses that use organic solvents, such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and heavy metals, such as lead, chromium, and zinc. The origin of the problem stems from careless storage and handling of hazardous substances. On paved surfaces where hazardous materials are stored, substances can seep through or flow off the edge of the pavement. Materials can get into floor drains which diScharge to soils, wetlands or watercourses. At present, groundwater iS the only tapped source of potable water for the Village of Douglas, City of Saugatuck. and Saugatuck Township. The glacial drift aquifers in the area are especially vulnerable to contamination because of rapid permeability and high water table. In a local example, Douglas' municipal water supply has been contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOC's), supposedly by an industrial site within the Village. Some areas without municipal sewer and water service are in danger of groundwater contamination due to septic systems, intensive development and a high water table. Protection of groundwater resources is problematic because of dilliculties in locating aquifers. Well depth records indicate the relative location of groundwater at particular points. According to well logs from Michigan Groundwater Suivey (MGS) data, well depths in and around Douglas range from 33 ft. to 240 ft. Soils most vulnerable to groundwater contamination are found on Map 4.10. SPECIAL FEATURES Lake Michigan Shoreline and Beaches The Lake Michigan shoreline in Douglas is very susceptible to wind and water erosion during storms and high lake levels due to resultant wave action. The current closing of Lakeshore Drive in Douglas and Saugatuck Township due Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �4-15 to bluff erosion is a graphic example of the power of wave action. These natural processes pose hazards to public health and safety. The Shorelands Protection Act of 1970 was enacted to identify areas where hazards exist by designating them and by passage of measures to IIlinim1ze losses resulting from natural forces of erosion. High risk erosion areas are defined as areas of the shore along which bluilline recession has proceeded at a long term average of 1 foot or more per year. The entire Lake Michigan shoreline in Douglas has been designated as a high risk erosion area, with some portions eroding at a rate of 1.6 feet per year. Within the designated area, shown on Map 4.11, alteration of the soil, natural drainage, vegetation, fish or wildlife habitat, and any placement of permanent structures, requires a DNR review and permit. unless the local unit of government has an approved high risk erosion area ordinance, which Douglas does not. Sand Dunes Areas needing special attention in such standards are vegetation, drainage and erosion protection. WOODLANDS The wooded areas of Douglas are a mixture of hardwoods and conifers. Upland hardwoods are scattered throughout the Village, with some large patches near Lake Michigan. Conifers are only found in small patches in the extreme southern part of the Village. Woodlands are shown on Map 4.13 Mature trees, represent a valuable resource in maintaining the aesthetic character of the Village, not to mention their overall importance to wildlife and the natural environment. In particular, the wooded areas along the rivers and streams are especially important. In some areas along I-196, especially in the southern part of the Village, trees buffer the freeway from surrounding land uses. They should be managed to insure their long term existence. The sand dunes along Lake Michigan in the extreme northwest comer of the Village represent a unique and fragile physiographic formation and ecosystem that is very susceptible to wind and water erosion, and destruction due to careless use or development. The dune area which is in the Village, the City of Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township has been identified by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNRJ as a critical dune area, subject to protection under the Michigan Sand Dune Protection and Management Act, PA 222 of 1976. The designated critical dune area is shown in the shaded region of Map 4.12. Recent legislation (PA 147 & 148 of 1989) provides for additional protection of critical dune areas. Under these Acts, all proposed commercial or industrial uses, multifamily uses of more than 3 acres, and any use which the local planning commission or the DNR determines would damage or destroy features of archaeological or historical signiflcance must ultimately be approved by the State. Single family residential development is to be regulated at the local level. The law prohibits surface drilling operations that explore for or produce hydrocarbons or natural brine as well as mining activities (except in the case of pemut renewals). The legislation also imposes certain standards on construction and site design in critical dune areas. Site design and construction standards for sand dunes should be enhanced to prevent further deterioration of this fragile environment. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �N A ' : _.;I, .t ' -- I :'/, -~ - ~ ,'I -- ~- ' .,, :· ,. ,, ~ --------------✓';:. , - ---- ----- =---==-- / -- ,- __,,-- -~ - -==:-:::=,:~ ~ ~ I - ------ ...___ - I - --:-"'\--.., --------c!3 ~ ~ --;·· ~ --------------- _./ .,,,------------ C ~ c:::::::) - ·..., --~ - ~ _____ __. __3-.,-....,---- _,, - ' - ~ ~ ---- ' -~,. --- -~~---"'IT1 ----- -- .::--- _J: -- _/ ✓----~ :::::::::=~....,.__~- . j·~ ------ :;:;. - --- ;'~~~ ----- ;J_ j ~\ ,,,_,_ '~'' 0 -------Douglas MAP4.1 TOPOGRAPHY Contour interval is ten feet Darker lines are 50 foot contours 0 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft August 1989 DATA SOURCE: USGS Quadrangle Maps Planning & Zoning Cenler Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A CAMPBEL:..... RD . ..... _. ,:_:::.:;.:7············-······-·········-················· I I I , / / C E NT ER ~.J:·:····•........../ i DOUGLAS --------- .•·· .............. - r== 0 I >-Cl:'. ; 'r{ I I Cl:'. w U... I: 'Ii I I I • , I , • 1.:30THI ~.,..............\ ..... r \~ ·-....." ., . L. ..........i' ~If' JJ1 ij fTl I I v, I . I ,/( ~ ' . 1 \~ 0 r·····--···1 _] i '··························i fTl . ....____,__, 12 9 T H -I -I I 'I (/) .\ -I / /1 I Douglas MAP4.2 WATERCOURSES 0 Lakes, rivers and streams [2] Drains and intermittent streams 0 DATA SOURCE: MDNR m (Ji CJ) .·········•...... ~ t;V~~-\ l ,, August 1989 AVE . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CJ) -.. J. . .•······,'//.> :·:.: 1~ 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing. Ml �N A ,.._.._. CAMPBELL 1600 0 RO. - 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft I CENTER /1 IV) >-0:'. I O:'. w L... ~ 1 .. 196 , .)- ' ---------'1-.,, " ' · ~ I 31 , ~ 12 9 T H \ \J) , I 0 I XI I AV!::. Ol Ol --i I 1 rr1 ,.✓:;/ l/l --i // MAP 4.3 FLOODPLAINS Douglas 100 Year Flood Area 500 Year Flood Area August 1989 DATA SOURCE:MDNR Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml I Ol U1 --i I l/l --i �N A -------i , I 0 L--,--- I 800 1600 2400 '--, I I Scale 1" = 1748 ft I I I \ I I I I I I _j r - -,,----.. . __--------1___, --1 ~ I / 1 ' .~ I , -=:::,, I \ I - , , .:e - •• -··::::r I / ' I ~I ;: l\ ..__. •:!Blfflftih...,' I ,- -<-.____, I , l__, , ~ l r - - -_,__________,~· I • ~ -~ MAP 4.4 WETLANDS • ■ ■ II Lowland Hardwood Lowland Conifer Wooded Swamp August 1989 II ■ ■ DATA SOURCE: MDNR Douglas Shrub Swamp II Marshland Meadow & Mud Flats Herbaceous Rangeland Shrub Rangeland Planning & Zoning Cent&r Inc:, Lansing, Ml �N A 0 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft ,I/IC : ·: : j::/ r C. . §. a : t::, ,' i:::-:::,, . •.· ..:" :......... .· . . ..... . .... .. ,.··-- •:::::: ::: :::; ;:::: . •. . . ' •·• -·•·• ! :: : : '. ~ : i ~ i i. ... .. ... ! " . ·: : :::: ·· · • MAP 4.5 BASEMENT LIMITATIONS 1111 Severe ■ Excavated flIIIIl Moderate ~ Wetland Soils Q Slight ~ Sand Dunes August 1989 DATA SOURCE: USDA Soil Survey, Allegan County: Douglas Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A 0 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft MAP 4.6 SEPTIC LIMITATIONS Ill Severe mm Moderate ~ Wetland Soils CJ Slight ~ Sand Dunes August 1989 Douglas Excavated DATA SOURCE: USDA Soil Survey, Allegan County: Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml ��----------------------,- ·-----i' : I I I ! I r , b _... '' / I ''I I I/ I i __ ' - : ==I T T T - - -- - - --- - -- ! 8 ~ 20 -·I! o'-,/ l! rir I - t ~ 1 - ---- ·---------------------- i------- I I! l ''D I ...... ... t 2S I I I I II -~\~ I I 1 ' II "'·'('s 311 "= . -- I I I I I I I I ~ - ,::::-:.:~.:--.. . W:.IUll m =.r:r1::o W.M.lll MAP 4.7 A ONSITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT LIMITATIONS Douglas 38 �N A ,_____ 0 800 9 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft MAP 4.8 MOST SUITABLE SOILS Ill Soils Most Suitable For Development ■ Excavated Areas DATA SOURCE: USDA SoU Survey, Allegan County Douglas Planning & Zoning Cent&r Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A 0 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft MAP 4.9 HYDRIC SOILS lil Hydric Soils ~ Wetland Soils August 1989 DATA SOURCE: USDA Soil Survey, Allegan County Douglas Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml ��N A CAMPBELL RD. 0 800 1600 2400 - / - - -?cale 1" = 1748 ft /' ST. ·· ' I \ ft/l / I I / ,~- - - ~ 1 >- --~/ 0:: I -- I a:: w Li. , ,. 130TH AVE. ,c r, I .... _ I ..) I ......... .,. .'} '..., .-- -7 --------~~. __, I ---.., ._J__, ~ // ' ' 196 31 -,________,..._,. 129TH AVE. - - - - - - - - - - - - - . · 0) 0) --! I t/l --! MAP 4.11 HIGH RISK EROSION AREAS Accretion Area Douglas Numbers indicate accretion/recession rate in feet per year Recession Area August 1989 DATA SOURCE: MDNR Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �N KALAMAZOO ,..___ LAKE 0 A 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 tt CENTER ST. DOUGLAS BA YOU - I----lj) ~-,.-/ >-er -- tr w LL 130TH ~ AVE.c. _ _ _J . _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _- , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - _ _ . . - - : - - - - - - - - - . 729TH AVE. I)) m -! I)) Ul -! ~ I t/) 0 JJ -! Ul -1 -- MAP4.12 CRITICALDUNEAREAS fgj Douglas Critical Dune Areas Auggst 1989 DATA SOURCE: MDNR Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A 0 800 1600 2400 Scale, .. = 1748 ft .._______ /1/ ,,,.,~,,,,.,..,. ,, ,.,,., n ,,.,.,.,,,,;-,; .,.,..,.,..,.,,.,.,., ,::i~~~~~~H~~H~i~H~i~~ ,~;~:gfigg~f1!Hi!~ffigg; MAP4.13 WOODLANDS II II § § Upland Conifer Upland Hardwood Wooded Swamp Lowland Conifer Shrub Swamp DATA SOURCE: MONA -c::cc::.::.:::::c-;;;;:.;;;;;;.~, i;;;;;;;;;;;; Douglas Lowland Hardwood August 1989 t._i~i:;::ill" .,.,,-,,,.,.,,,,,,..,.,,,,.n,,,,,.,.,,.,.,,.,._,,.,,,.,..,.,. ,,.;,.,.,,.,.,,.,.,.,,.,.,,,.,.,.,.,.,,.,,,,,,,,,.,,,,.,.,., Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �5-1 Chapter5 EXISTING LAND COVER AND USE LAND USE/COVER DATA SOURCES RESIDENTIAL Land cover and use refers to an inventory of existing vegetation, natural features, and land use over the entire Village (see Map 5.1). This data was obtained in computerized form from the Michigan Resource Inventory System (MIRIS) database, which is maintained by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The data came from photo interpretations of aerial infrared photos by trained interpreters at the West Michigan Regional Planning Commission. The DNR will update this data every 5 years. Land cover and use categories included in the data are explained on the legend to Map 5.1. The wetlands and woodlands maps in Chapter 4 were also derived from this data. MIRIS data was supplemented by a thorough land use inventory of Douglas, conducted in the summer of 1988. The inventory was based on ownership parcels and conducted both on foot and through a "windshield survey". The existing use of every parcel was recorded and evaluated in combination with low-level aerial imagery available from the Allegan County Equalization Department and the MIRIS land cover /use map to prepare the existing (parcelbased) land use map (see Map 5. 2). The following description is based on these maps and data sources and the USDA Soil Smvey of Allegan County. Land use by category is shown in Table 5.1. This infonnatlon was derived from the aforementioned data sources and areas were calculated using CMAP computer mapping software. The predominant land use in Douglas is single family residential. This is followed by golf courses. commercial, and boat service and storage, respectively. Vacant land comprises forty five percent of the total land area (street ROW's excluded) of the Village. Following are brief geographic descriptions of existing land use. These descriptions are based on the planning/neighborhood areas depicted on Map 5.3. The majority of residential development in Douglas is clustered in the Village Center area and along the Lake Michigan shore. Most resort and seasonal residential development is located along Lake Michigan. Single family structures are the predominant residential type. Two mobile home parks are located in the southern part of the Village near the intersection of Blue Star Highway and 130th Avenue. There are several multiple family structures within the Village. Among these are an apartment building at the corner of Ellis and Center Streets, condominiums between Ferry Street and Kalamazoo Lake, and apartments in the block between Fremont and Center Streets west of Blue Star Highway. Several large older homes have been converted to two or three units or bed and breakfast establishments. There are currently three bed and breakfasts in the Village. TABLE 5.1 EXISTING LAND USE IAND USE Residential single-family multi-family mobile home Commercial Industrial Institutional Agricultural Parks Golf Courses Boat Storage & Service Kalamazoo River Wetland Streets & Roads Vacant TOTAL ACRES 218 29 18 44 32 28 24 23 130 34 34 155 fil.6 1284 % 1IAMSROW- 16.98% 2.26 1.40 3.43 2.49 2.18 1.87 1.79 10.12 2.65 2.65 12.07 1:U..N 100.080/4 • % of total land area mtnus street ROWs Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �5-2 Village Center Approximately 25 blocks of long-established neighborhoods surround the original center of the Village. These consist primarily of older homes with some homes less than 30 years old scattered throughout. The condition of homes 1n this area varies widely, with some structures recently improved and others lacking maintenance over a long a period of time. Although dilapidated houses are relatively few in number. they have a significant negative impact on aesthetics and property values in the Village Center area. Accessory buildings such as separate garages or sheds are prevalent on residential properties in the Village Center area. and many of these are poorly maintained as well as highly visible. One home on north Water Street was built in the floodplain, too close to the waterfront. It is vacant and not maintained, and detracts from the aesthetic quality of the waterfront. The tree lined streets, relatively large lots and large wood frame homes give this part of the Village a classic charm. Lakeshore Area The Lake Michigan shore is lined with both large and small single family homes. many of them seasonal dwellings along Lakeshore Drive. The condition of structures in this area is fairly consistent from house to house. with most of them being in good to excellent condition. The lakeshore area is characterized by scenic vistas of the lake, although sand dunes and numerous structures obstruct the view of the lake while travelling north from Center Street. Large trees line the road and many homes are on wooded lots. A bed and breakfast establishment is also located in this area. Campbell Road & West Center Street The residential area along Campbell Road in both Douglas and Saugatuck includes a mix of newer and older homes. To the south of this area is the West Shore golf course, which contributes to a rural setting, with its large trees and open space. There is also some vacant land outside of the golf course which is in the floodplain and thus should not be developed. Felkers subdivision south of West Center St. is a partially completed residential subdivision on an area of poor soils where new homes will have to be connected to the sewer system in order to be permitted. Scattered Residential In the southern part of the Village along 130th. Avenue. and along Ferry Street between Center Street and 130th. Avenue, residential development is scattered along the road with varying lot and structure sizes. Ferry Street is lightly travelled and residences are minimally affected by vehicle traffic. Commercial uses adjacent to the residential areas are not buffered and also impact upon adjoining residential uses. In addition to single family homes. there are two mobile home parks located next to each other south of 130th. Avenue and east of Blue Star Highway. Harbours Apartments are located south of 130th. Avenue, between Water and Union Streets. There are also residences along south Water Street, from east 130th. Avenue to South Street. This area is surrounded by undeveloped land, including an orchard, which serves to give it a rural character. Several residences are located on the Kalamazoo River between Schultz Park and Water Street as well. Condominiums Three major condominium developments have occurred in Douglas within the last five years. The Amity condominiums are located north of 130th. Avenue between Water Street and Blue Star Highway. The Mariners Cove condominiums are located adjacent to the boat docks on Kalamazoo Lake near Saugatuck. Tower Harbour condominiums are located along Ferry Street directly south of Mariners Cove. COMMERCIAL The major commercial areas in Douglas are Blue Star Highway from the Kalamazoo River bridge to 130th. Avenue, and in the Village Center. Boat storage and repair facilities represent a different type of commercial use and are found mostly in areas near the waterfront. Blue Star Highway The commercial area along Blue Star Highway is concentrated from Chestnut to 130th and represents a form of unplanned commercial strip development. Lots were developed independently at widely varying points in time without any consideration for safe and functional design vis a vis adjoining parcels. Commercial strips often have inconsistent setbacks, an excessive number of driveways, excessive signs, poorly controlled ingress and egress and are poorly designed with respect to the natural en- Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan ��5-4 East of the bridge down to where Tannery Creek enters the Douglas Bayou is characterized by residential development and some boat slips. The balance of the shoreline in Douglas is largely wetland to Schultz Park with a few single family homes. HISTORIC & ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEA1URES Some archaeological sites historic sites can be found in Douglas. Historic and archaeological sites are designated by the Michigan Bureau of History. Historic Buildings and Sites The Michigan State Register of Historic Sites was established in 1955 to provide official recognition for historic resources in Michigan. Designated historic sites have unique historic, architectural, archaeological, engineering, or cultural significance. There are three State historic sites in Douglas, which are listed on Table 5.2. State historic site designation does not include any financial or tax benefits. nor does it impose any restrictions upon the owner of the property, unlike similar designations under federal law. TABLE 5.2 STATE WSTORIC SITES DESCRIPI10N . LOCATION Douirlas: Dutcher Lodlle # 193 Hall Asa Goodrich House Sarah Kirbv House 86 Center St. 112 Center St. 294 W. Center St. Source: Michigan Bureau of History Archaeological Sites Archaeological sites are of particular scientific value to the fields of anthropology. ecology.and biology and may have hlStoric or ethnic signiftcance as well. There are 120 atchaeologlcal sites scattered throughout Saugatuck Township, Saugatuck and Douglas, mostly related to Ottawa and Potawatomi cultures. Their exact Iocattonsbave not beendiSclosedbythe Bureau of History .. t,o protect them from~ tatfon. ~ cil F ~; ~ . -.er ~tllatthctr History reviews these projects to assess their impact on archaeological sites. The Bureau of History also recommends that those proposing development projects in Douglas contact the State Archaeologist to determine if the project may affect a lmown archaeological site. This is particularly critical given the existence of Indian Burial sites fn the area. If an important archaeological site will be affected, archaeologists will negotiate a voluntary agreement to preserve those artifacts. The Bureau of History serves in an advisory capacity and has no legal authority to restrict development rights. �Douglas MAP 5.1 LAND USE/COVER WATER URBAN 113 Single Family 115 Mobile Home 124 Neighborhood Business ••• ••• ••• 126 Other Institutional 193 Outdoor Recreation □ 52 Lakes ~ ~ ~ 611 Wooded Swamps IlIIIll FARMLAND WETLAND 612 Shrub Swamps 621 Marshland Meadow 622 Mud Flats BEACH 21 Cropland 72 Beach At Riverbank 22 Orchards 73 Dunes RANGELAND II Ill 31 Herbaceous Rangeland 32 Shrub Rangeland WOODLAND ~ 412} 414}Broadleaf II 421} 429}Conifers August 1989 DATA SOURCE: MDNR Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A Village of Douglas LAND USE/COVER 0 800 1600 Scale 1" = 1748 ft 2400 �MAP 5.2 EXISTING LAND USE ~ Single Family Residential I] Mulltiple Family Residential ~ ~ ~j~~: nm Douglas Agricultural - Orchard Recreational [fflffl Junkyard ■ Commercial ~ Mobile Home Park il!IIII Boat Storage/Marina [II Vacant HH Industrial III]]] Wetland !Im! Institutional D Water Residential/Commercial ___ .__ Agricultural ~~~~ August 1989 SOURCE: PZC Land Use Survey Planning & Zoning Center, Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A ,-,.-.0 700 1400 Village of Douglas EXISTING LAND USE 2100 Scale 1" = 1438' ... • �N A 0 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft lSUfOYIL PS Douglas MAP5.3 PLANNING AREAS ~ Lakeshore 9 Waterfront ■ II Campbell & West Center ~ Ferry & W. Of Blue Star ~· Village Center Residential Bluestar Industrial ~ East 130th ■ Blue Star Commercial August 1989 a DATA SOURCE; Douglas PlaMing Commisssion Village Center Commercial Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml ~ �6-1 Chapter6 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES NON-PARK PUBUC FACIUTIES A listing of all non-park public facilities in the Village ofDouglas is found on Table 6.1. This includes police and fire stations, municipal government offices, vacant lands and other public facilities (see Map 6.1). Table 6. la lists planned acquisitions and improvements to non-park public facilities. UTILITIES Sewer and Water The Saugatuck-Douglas area sewer and water systems are managed by the Kalamazoo Lake Sewer and Water Authortty, which is responsible for operation and maintenance and provides water production and wastewater treatment. Each participating community is responsible for providing and financing their own infrastructure. The KLSWA performs the construction work or contracts it out. The service areas for the sewer and water systems, shown on maps 6.2 and 6.3, extend only for very short distances into Saugatuck Township. Most of the developed part of the Village is served by both water and sewer, and the system is designed to accommodate expansion and addition of new lines. Numerous engineering studies have been conducted which discuss vartous alternatives for improvement of utilities. These include using Lake Michigan for the municipal water supply and extending public utilities into the Township. Proposals must take into consideration the permanent population. seasonal population, number of daily visitors, and future industrial flow. Peak periods for public utilities in the area are more pronounced than in typical communities due to the relatively high seasonal and daily visitor population. Water System The reliability of the water system depends on water supply sufficient to meet peak demands, storage capacity to provide fire flows for sufficient duration, adequate water pressure and distribution system loops. The existing system is deficient with respect to meeting peak demands. The water is not treated, except for chlortnation and iron sequestertng. Parts of the current water system date back to 1907 in Saugatuck, and to 1914 in Douglas. In addition. the water mains are old, small and substandard, leaks are a problem on older service lines and there may be some unmetered taps. Growth is restricted in areas not serviced by the system and is limited overall at present because of insufficient pumping capacity. The existing water system also has many dead end lines, which are susceptible to water discoloration and development of tastes and odors due to stagnation. The best arrangement for water mains is the gridiron system, where all primary and secondary feeders are looped and interconnected, and the small distribution mains tie to each loop to form a complete grid. If an adequate number of valves are inserted, only a small 1 block area will be affected in the event of a break. A primary feeder from the Saugatuck wells to the system's primary 12" feeder loop has been installed, and all of the primary 12" feeder loop has been completed, including two liver crossings. In 1984 and 1985, a one million gallon above ground storage tank was constructed. which allowed Saugatuck and Douglas to meet normal and fire protection demands. If Saugatuck Township is included in the system, the storage tank is adequate for fire protection for the near future. but additional capacity is needed if service were extended to the southern portions of the Township. Recent chemical contamination of the Douglas municipal water supply has led to an overburdening of the City of Saugatuck water system, which is presently serving the entire network and is working at full capacity; 24 hours per day durtng peak months. This has led to restrtctions on non-essential uses such as lawn sprinkling. car and boat washing, and has reduced the minimum reserve needed for fire protection (600,000 gallons) down to 2/3 of the needed amount. A moratorium has been imposed on new development other than one or two family dwellings. The pumping capacity of both wells has dropped due to depletion (drawdown) of groundwater. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �6-2 TABLE 6.1 (NON-PARK) PUBLIC PROPERTY & PUBLIC FACILITJES INVENTORY VILLAGE OF DOUGLAS NAME LOCATION USE Gravel storCorner Ferry & Cen- age ter Library Mixer& Library (Saugatuck- Center Sts. Douglas) Office, fire Spring & Fire barn Center Sts. barn Vacant lot DPWbarn Water& Center Sts. DPWbarn Two pump houses & pumps Barn (launch ramp curently closed) SIZE* CONDillON VALUE 28,000 sq. ft. Dry (1/2 acre+) $35,000 4327 sq.ft. Good (1 lot-8400 SQ.ft.) 2560 sq.ft. Good (1/4 acre10,000 Sa.ft.) 2432 sq.ft. Poor (1 3/4 acres80,000 sq.ft.) $96,000 Well housing combined bldgs=360 sq.ft. (land includes DPWbarn) 66 sq.ft. None wide Good $100,000 Land is valuable. river frontage & walk be converted to park and/or marina $26,000 Gerber, Varied South. Ferrnont. Randolph, Soencer • Land = acres or square feet (Building= square feet/acres) 1/2 vacant street ends on K. River &Lake TABLE 6.lA PLANNED ACQUISITIONS/IMPROVEMENTS TO PUBLIC FACILITJES VILLAGE OF DOUGLAS NAME WCATION USE Allegan County Rd. Commission barn Douglas Masonic Lodge 130th & Water Sts. DPW barn/Interurban facilitv Village & Public Hall Union & Center Sts. SIZE* CONDillON ACQUISITION COST 3700 sq.ft. Fair $55,000(2.2 acres) total less interurban share 7,000 sq.ft. Poor Free (lease (8,400 sq.ft .• exchange 1 lot) with Masonic) Land = square feet (Building = square feet/ acres) Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan FINANCING SOURCE $55.000/land contract With F.M.B. $200.000/loc al fund raisers. histortcal monies if available �6-3 Communications from the Michigan Department of Public Health have demanded that substantial progress be made towards a solution to the water supply problem in the near future. The Health Department has also questioned the usefulness and reliability of both Douglas wells because well # 1. which is out of use. 1s contaminated. and well #2, which is used for emergency purposes only, may become contaminated through further use. As a result. alternatives for additional water sources are currently under review, With Lake Michigan and the City of Holland water system being considered the most viable options. Engineering studies have indicated a cost of nearly $4.5 million for construction of a Lake Michigan water treatment facility which would provide a clean and abundant source of water. A large service area, formed by including large portions of Saugatuck Township, would reduce the per capita cost burden on users. This facility would be capable of pumping 3 million gallons per day, which could serve the needs of all three communities well into the future. This, combined with a desire to retain local control over the water system, makes using Lake Michigan water the favored alternative. The treatment facility was designed for a twenty year planning period through 1998, based on a population tributary of 7,695 and a wastewater flow of 0. 75 million gallons per day (MGD). The treatment facility is rated at 0.8 million gallons per day by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). The facility was designed for a peak flow of 2 MGD. The present average flow is 0.4 MGD. A larger flow can be accommodated by increasing hours of operation, provided that the lagoons can treat the sewage well enough. An engineering study in 1987 determined that August (maximum day was Aug. 14) is the month of peak flow for wastewater, with 0.598 MGD. Based on the study, the treatment facility operated at 75% of flow capacity, 55% of BOD capacity, and 3()(% of suspended solids capacity. Existing effluent quality and treatment efficiency was found to be excellent. Increasing the rated capacity of the facility to 1.2 MOD with two aerated lagoons would accommodate all three jurisdictions through 2008 and possibly beyond. Pursuing this option would require detailed preparation of data accompanied by a formal request to the DNR from the KLSWA Further capacity could be obtained by adding another aerated lagoon, estimated to cost $900,000 in 1987. Sewer System Wastewater treatment is provided ata treatment plant located in Section 10 of Saugatuck Township. The facility was constructed by the City of Saugatuck and the Village of Douglas in 1980. The treatment system provides biological and clarification processes for the reduction of BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and suspended solids. including chemical precipitation for the reduction of phosphorus from fertilizers and detergents. The plant has two aerated lagoons and was designed for incremental addition of lagoons to accommodate increased wastewater flow. The facility was designed for heavier BOD loading than other facilities its size, in order to accommodate a pie factory, and thus may not need more capacity of that type for many years. The discharge is to the Kalamazoo River on the north side of Saugatuck. The sewer system in Douglas was built entirely since 1978. Douglas and Saugatuck merged their facilities in the late 1970's to form the KLSWA The capacity of the sewer system is sufficient to meet the needs of Saugatuck and Douglas until approximately 2008. The capacity of the wastewater treatment facility would have to re-rated to 1.2 MGD for the Township to use the system until 2008. Storm Sewers There are very few mapped stormwater drains in Douglas. Drainage has not been a significant problem in most developed areas because of sandy, high permeability soils and lack of large paved areas. Efforts are currently underway to improve stomiwater drainage. County Drains There are three County drain districts which are partially located within Douglas. These include the Herring, Jager Crane. and Warnock drains. All are located in the extreme southern part of the Village Gas, Electric and Telephone There are no major gas or oil pipelines in Douglas. Gas service is provided by Michigan Gas Utilities Company and approximate locations of gas mains are shown on Map 6.4. Electricity in the Village iS provided by Consumers Power Company. Telephone service is provided by General Telephone and Electric Co. (GTE). Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �6-4 TRANSPORTATION Transportation facilities within the area include streets and roads and a public transportation system (Interurban). Douglas is served by a major Interstate highway (I-196). which runs along the eastern edge of the Village, and by a State highway (M-89). located three miles to the south in Saugatuck Township. Blue Star Highway, part of the Great Lakes Circle Tour, is the other major highway serving the area. The nearest railroad is the Chesapeake and Ohio RR. which runs north and south one mile east of the Township boundary. Kent County International Airport is within 50 miles and is served by 3 major airlines, with 126 flights per day. The area is also served by Greyhound Bus Lines. Transportation facilities are important in stimulating growth for Douglas and its location is an asset for attracting further economic and industrial development. Streets and Roads Streets and roads are classified according to the amount of traffic they carry and the nature of the traffic. Four common categories are local streets, collectors, local arterials. and regional arterials. Local streets typically provide access to residences, with speeds from 20 to 25 mph (Union St.). Collectors connect local streets to arterials and speeds average 25-35 mph. (Center St.). Local arterials facilitate larger volumes of traffic which originates and terminates within the area, with a trip length of ten miles or less and an average speed of 35-45 mph. (Blue Star Hwy.). Regional arterials are typically used for high speed through traffic, and access to the roadway is usually 11rnited (1-196). Locations of collectors, local arterials and regional arterials are shown in Map 6.5. Each class of street has an important function in maintaining the efficient flow of traffic and it is essential that adequate transportation facilities exist or can be efficiently provided. Accurate and up-to-date traffic counts are needed in order to make some decisions pertaining to priorities for road improvements, monitoring of flows, evaluating impacts of proposed new development, and projecting future traffic conditions. Table 6.2 shows what very limited Information is presently available from the County Road Commission. PA 51 of 1951 provides for the classlftcatlon of all publJc roads, streets and highways for the purpose of managtng the motorvehicle htghway fund. The two classiflcations which pertain to the Village of Douglas are ·Major Street" and "Local Street". These roadways are shown in Map 6.6. Funding is provided to cities and villages for street maintenance and construction based on the number of miles of streets by class. within each community. Douglas has 4.34 miles of Major Roads and 10.92 miles of Local Roads under Act 51 designation. Lakeshore Drive Lakeshore Drive provides a scenic link between areas along the Lake Michigan coast. High water levels on the Great Lakes, combined with storms, resulted in powerful wave action which undermined sand and clay bluffs along the shore, causing them to collapse. Because of its close proximity to these bluffs, the road has washed out in two places, one in section 20 which is impassable, and one south of Douglas which has only one lane passable. School buses are not allowed to travel on some segments of the road because of poor and unsafe conditions. The Allegan County Road Commission allocated $260,000 to test the effects of concrete for accretion technology along the shoreline. The erosion barrier was installed in two locations and is having a minimal effect on the shoreline. Cost estimates for rebuilding Lakeshore Drive are at approximately $3.8 million (1988). This would involve relocation of portions of the road and implementation of erosion control measures. TABLE 6.2 EXISTING TRAFFIC COUNTS DATE LOCATION 4L3L78 Blue Star & 64th 130thE &Wof Blue Star Blue Star & 129th 1959 & 1968 (same count) July 1987 (2 different days) 1969 1982 July 1987 July 1987 Old Allegan, east of Blue Star 130th & 70th, east of Lakeshore Dr. North 135th at Blue Star (northboundl 129th at Blue Star [northbound) October 1985 Center at Blue star VOWME 5,319 368 10,575 81256 336 285 7,018 6,192 1~861 �Blue Star Highway Blue Star Highway serves as a local arterial. Numerous problems inhibit it from performing that function effectively. Access to commercial and industrial establishments along arterial roads should be controlled by curbing. At present. there is virtually no controlled access in these areas on Blue Star Highway. and wide driveways and open shoulders lead to an elevated risk of accidents. There are no designated pedestrian traffic areas or bike paths (except from the bridge to Center St.). causing pedestrians to use the shoulder, unsafely. The roadway needs to have more than two lanes (at least from Center to 130th) or clearly delineated deceleration and right tum lanes. The shoulders are paved in places and these are often mistaken for actual lanes, which poses a safety hazard and results in the paVing deteriorating rapidly since the foundation for heavy use is not in place. There is no cooperative maintenance or planning arrangement among the Village, Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township for Blue Star Highway and the County Road Commission, yet the roadway needs repairs and resurfacing. Very little useable traffic count information is available, except for the intersection with Center Street, making it difficult to assess where needs are greatest so that improvements can be prioritized. Traffic may be higher in some segments than in others, indicating which speed limits and whether other traffic control measures are necessary. The entrance into Douglas from south Blue Star Highway does not cause visitors to have a positive first impression of the community. Over 60% of people responding to the 1988 Public Opinion Survey noted that the appearance of the highway needed improvement. Nearly 76% of Village respondents indicated that the Highway needs improvements in better lane striping, resurfacing, speed limits, traffic flow and safety, and bike paths. Intentrban The Interurban is the area's public transportation system and is funded in part by a 1 mill assessment. The service was started in May 1980 as a two year experimental project and was initially funded at 1OOo/4 by the State. Following the experimental period. some of the cost burden was borne by the tri-communities through the 1 mill assessment. The system has four buses and in 1988 there were approximately 37.000 riders. A new maintenance facility in Douglas, to be completed in the spring of 1990, is being constructed at a cost of $211,000 entirely with state and federal funds. It is possible that the Interurban could be used to shuttle people to Saugatuck from remote parking facilitates and ease the parking burden there. The Interurban is governed by a board consisting of members from all three communities. POIJCE, FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES Police The Village maintains its own police department, which is housed adjacent to the Saugatuck Township hall on Spring Street. The department has one patrol car and three full time police officers. There are also three officers on reserve. The police department plans to have two patrol cars by the summer of 1990. Police protection for the Village of Douglas is also provided by the Allegan County Sheriff Department and the Michigan State Police. The State Police maintains the Saugatuck Team post north of the Township on 138th Avenue in Laketown Township. The facility has one lieutenant, one sergeant, seven troopers and eight patrol cars. The Allegan County Sheriff Department operates a satellite post in Fennville. Fire Saugatuck is included in the Saugatuck Fire District. This district is managed by a five member Fire Authority. Saugatuck, Douglas and Saugatuck Township each appoint one person to the board. These three then appoint two other people from the area at large, subject to approval by the three communities involved. The Saugatuck Fire District has 35 volunteer personnel, including the fire chief. There are two fire stations, one located in downtown Douglas (4 7 W. Center) and another in Saugatuck Township near the intersection of Blue Star Highway and 134th Avenue. The latter is a new building designed to house six vehicles. offices and a meeting room with 9,600 square feet. It is located adjacent to the existing Maple Street facility. The Fire District maintains eight vehicles and one vessel: • 1975 Chevy Pumper • 1981 lntemational Pumper • 1968 International Pumper • 1959 Ford Pumper • 1949 Seagrave Aerial • 1977 GMC Step Van Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �6-6 • 1985 FWD Tanker • 1985 Karavan Trailer • Boston Whaler boat with pump Emergency Services Ambulance services are provided by the Fennville Fire District and by Mercy Hospital in Grand Rapids. dispatched from Holland. The Saugatuck Fire District maintains a first responder unit with 11 volunteers because of the distance from ambulance services. The first responder unit appears to average about 10 calls per month. TABLE6.3 TONS GENERATED PER DAY BYLAND USE SOURCE Residential Commercial Industrial Other Not Collected NEfTOTAL QUANTI1Y (PER DAY) 6.5 2.8 1.8 0.7 -0.5 11.3 Source: Allegan County Solid Waste Plan SCHOOLS Douglas is served by the Saugatuck school district. The school system operates two facilities. Douglas Elementary School accommodates grades K through 6, and Saugatuck High School accommodates grades 7 through 12. In addition to being used for educational purposes, the schools also have indoor and outdoor recreation facilities. Enrollment is approximately 550 students. • OTHER COMMUNITY FACILITlES There is more than 37 acres of public land in Douglas, most of which is parks (see Chapter 7). Other publicly owned facilities are listed in table 6.1. SOLID WAS'IE DISPOSAL PA 641 of 1978 requires that every county prepare both a short term (5 year) and long term (20 years) solid waste management plan. The plan must be approved by the County Planning Committee, the County Board of Commissioners and by at least 2/3 of the municipalities in the county. The Allegan County Solid Waste Plan dates from 1983 and covers a twenty year planning period. It is presently being updated. The County generates about 220 tons per day of solid waste and has to rely on landfills out-side of Allegan County. Solid waste removal in Douglas is handled entirely by private haulers. The waste stream from the County, and thus from the Village, is expected to increase due to population and tourist increases brought about by the area·s shoreline, natural attractions. and proximity to Grand Rapids. The Saugatuck area is defined in the Solid Waste Plan and encompasses Saugatuck Township, Saugatuck and Douglas, as well as small TABLE 6.4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION 1YPE POTSW• Percentage(%) 44.8 9.2 Combustible Wastes Paper Plastics Wood Yard Wastes Textiles Food Wastes Rubber Misc. Organics 3.5 4.1 4.2 11.5 2.2 3.0 82.5 TITTALS Noncombustible Wastes Glass Ferrous Aluminum Other nonFerrous Misc. Inorganics TITTALS 5.3 6.6 0.8 0.5 4.3 17.5 * Proportion of Total Solid Waste Source: Allegan County Solid Waste Plan TABLE 6.7 PER CAPITA WASTE GENERATED USE Residential Commercial Industrial Average Overall QPE • (LBS. PER DAY) 2.9 5.75 10.6 4.7 • Quantity Per Employee Source; Allegan County Solid Waste Plan Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �6-7 portions of the adjoining communities. The Saugatuck area currently generates 11.3 tons of solid waste per day. In some outlying rural areas. 5-100;6 of the residential waste generated is disposed of or recycled on site. In urban areas. approximately 5% of residential waste is being recycled or scattered by individual efforts. The contributors to the solid waste stream by land use are shown in Table 6.3. Table 6.4 shows the results of a study conducted by the Northeast Michigan Council of Governments (NEMCOG) in the early 1980's. The study involved counties with both urban and rural characteristics, much like the Saugatuck Township, Saugatuck and Douglas area. Solid waste generated has been broken down into specific categories. The numbers probably do not match the actual breakdown of solid waste components in the tri-community area, but give a rough estimate of the components. Per capita waste generated from various land uses is shown in Table 6.5. The Allegan County Solid Waste Plan projects that solid waste output for the Saugatuck area will increase by 32% by 2000 to 14.95 tons per day due to projected population increase. The goals and objectives of the plan focus on reducing the waste stream through separation and recycling, using private haulers for waste collection. recovering energy from the solid waste stream and providing the public with opportunities to develop solutions for solid waste disposal problems. A recycling center is currently in operation on Blue Star Highway adjacent to 1-196 and exit 41. The center is partially funded by Saugatuck, Douglas and Saugatuck Township and is very well used. Allegan County Resource Recovery maintains the facility, which collects newspapers, plastics, glass, aluminum and brown paper bags. Pickup of metal appliances and tires is also possible by contacting the center. The recycling center was started in 1984. State regulations prohibit operation of a new landfill on: • Land considered by the DNR to be a State recognized unique wildlife habitat. • Land in the 100 year floodplain. • Prime agricultural lands. • A DNR designated and officially mapped wetland. • So close to an histortc or archaeological site that it can be reasonably expected to produce unduly disturbing or blighting influence with permanent negative effect. • In a developed area where the density of adjacent houses or water wells could be reasonably expected to produce undue potential for groundwater contamination. Due to the presence of wetlands in the Village (Map 4.4). prime agrtcultural lands (Map 4.10). and areas susceptible to groundwater contamination (Map 4.11). not much is left for potential landfill sites. Furthermore, most of those sites which may be environmentally suitable for landfills have already been developed. Thus it is not likely that a landfill will be located in the Village. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �N A 0 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft MAP 6.1 Public Facilities Douglas 1)2 Pumphouses 2)Vacant block 3)1/2 Vacant street ends on Kzoo Rvr & Lake 4 & S)Vacant lot 6)Llbrary 7)Fire District #1 & Fire Barn 8)DPW Barn 9)Saugatuck Township Hall 10)Village Hall 11)Outcher Hall August 1989 DATA SOURCE: Planning & Zaring Center Inc Laneing Ml �N A o •.ooo e,ooo 12,000 tt Scale 1" • 9060 ft MAP6.2 WATERSYSTEM I# IWater Mains ■ ~ Douglas Reservoir Proposed Water Intake & Treatment area I00 0,'0 I Existing Well Locations August 1989 DATA SOURCE: Williams & Works, Inc. Grand Rapids Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �l ----------- N A I l I t" I I I I I UUIII \' MAP 6.3 SEWER SYSTEM Tri-Community I~ISewer Lines 1,1 Discharge Line August 1989 DATA SOURCE: Wdliams & Works, Inc. Grand Rapids Planning & Zoning Cen18r Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A ,..____ 0 4,000 8,000 12,000 ft Scale 1" = 9060 ft MAP 6.4 GAS MAINS Douglas I/IGas Mains August 1989 SOURCE:Michigan Gas Utilities Company Planning & Zoning Center Inc., Lansing.Ml �N A MAP 6.5 STREET CLASSIFI CATIONS [ZJ Regional Arterials ~ Local Arterials G::J Collectors August 1989 DATA SOURCE: PZC I/I Douglas Local Streets Planning I Zonil'l9 Center Inc Lansing Ml �N A 0 800 1600 Scale 1" = 1748 ft MAP6.6 ACT 51 ROADS I,, I Major Street 14'1 0 Douglas State Trunkline County Primary ~ t 1989 DATA SOURCE: MOOT Planning I Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml 2400 �7-1 Chapter7 RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE P arks. recreation. and open space are essential to the quality of life of area residents, and are an important component of the local tourist economy. They enhance property values, as well as physical and psychological well-being. Parks and open space define the character of each area community, create the scenic atmosphere which stimulates tourism, and provide the basis for popular local leisure activities. Recreation needs are regional in nature and plans must view local recreational offerings as part of a regional recreational system. Local governments, schools, private entrepreneurs, the County, and the State each have a central role in serving local and regional recreational needs. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTIJRE Douglas parks are maintained by the Village's Department of Public Works under the Village Council's Parks and Buildings Committee. which reports to the Village Council. The Village is also represented on the Township Park and Recreation Commission- an independent governmental entity charged with provision of area parks and recreational programs which was created by the Township in November 1970. The Commission has six elected members, and is staffed by a part-time maintenance person. Representatives of both Douglas and Saugatuck Township may be elected to the Commission. The Commission completed the Saugatuck Douglas Area Parks and Recreation Plan in February of 1985 and updates the plan periodically. Revision of the plan is currently undetway. The City of Saugatuck's parks are maintained by the City through its Department of Public Works. Park planning is done by a committee of three City Council members, who are overseen by the City Manager and the full Council. Allegan County prepares and periodically updates a countywide parks and recreation plan. County parks are administered by a tenmember County Parks and Recreation Commission whose members include the Chairs of the County Road Commtssion, the County Planning Commission, the County Drain commissioner, Village of Dou&Ias two County Commissioners. and five members appointed by the County Board of Commissioners. The Commission meets on the first Monday of each month. It sometimes provides financial assistance for local recreational efforts which advance the County Recreation Plan. AREAWIDE RECREATION.AL OPPORTIJNITIES Recreation can be separated into four main categories: physical, social, cognitive, and environmentally related recreation. The former category focuses on sports and various physical activities. Social recreation looks at social interaction. Cognitive recreation deals with cultural, educational. creative, and aesthetic activities. EnVironmentally related recreation requires the natural environment as the setting or focus for activity. Each of these categories in some way relates to the others. Physical Recreation Intramural athletics are popular for children and young adults in the area and are offered through the summer recreation program. Activities include softball, baseball, rocket football, volleyball, bowling and others (see Table 7.1). The elementary school has a newly expanded playground and Kid's Stuff Park. Playgrounds are also found at River Bluff, TABLE 7.1 SUMMER RECREATION PROGRAMS ACTIV11Y 1989 PARTICIPANTS T-ball for kids Little League Pony League Slow-pitch softball Fast pitch softball (girls) Semi-competitive softball (boys) Rocket football Swimming: beginner. advanced beginner, intermediate, swJmmer, basfC rescue & advanced lifesaving 40 46 19 10-18 27 15-20 57 66 .. - �7-2 Sundown, Schultz, and Beery Parks and the Douglas Village Square. Aerobic fitness classes are offered at the High school. Walking, hildng, biking, boating. golfing, swimming, and cross country skiing are also popular, and enjoyed by a wide range of age groups. Social Recreation A variety oflocal clubs and activities provide social recreation for people of all ages. Festivals, community education programs. and intramural sports provide an opportunity to socialize. Senior citizens activities are organized through the New Day Senior Citizens Club of Douglas, the High School. the Masonic Hall, and various area clubs. Cognitive Recreation The tri-community area is rich in cognitive recreational pursuits. Festivals, art workshops, local theater, historic districts, an archaeological site, summer day camp. and community education programs provide cultural, educational, and aesthetic enjoyment. The Saugatuck Women's Club, Rubenstein Music Club, the Oxbow. Douglas Garden Club, and the Douglas Art Club are among the local clubs which organize cultural activities. I, I I; Environmentally Related Recreation Area lakes, the Kalamazoo River, and state and local parks provide area citizens with unique outdoor recreation opportunities. They provide a location for a variety of outdoor actlvitles including boating, fishing, swimming, nature study, camping, hiking, cross country skiing, and nature walks. These areas also serve the cognitive needs of area citizens and tourists by their scenic beauty and relaxing affect. In fact. the most valued attribute of area water bodies and open space to Village citizens. as identified in the 1988 Public Opinion Survey. is not physical recreation, but the scenic view they provide. RECREATION INVENTORY Map 7 .1 identifies parks and recreational facilities in the tri-community area. Table 7 .2 contains an inventory of outdoor recreation facilities in the trt-community area. There are also two eighteen hole and one nine hole golf courses in the area. This is much higher than typical for such a small population (the standard is 1 golf course per 50.000 people), and reflects the impact of tourism on local recreational facilities. A discussion of the size. condition, and planned improvements for selected area parks is shown in Table 7.3. Proposed recreation projects contained in the Saugatuck - Douglas Recreation Plan are listed in Table 7.4. Douglas officials have also proposed the following future recreation lmprovement projects: • Relocate the public service garage located at Center Street and the Kalamazoo River and develop the site into a riverfront park. Install restrooms. • Acquire and develop a park site located west of Ferry St. in close proximity to the existing residential area. • Develop Schultz Park to its fullest potential by: creating a landscaped buffer along I196: establishing picnic facilities; installing restrooms; installing lawn watering equipment; expanding to add more ball fields and other facilities; and ensuring adequate parking. • Develop a pedestrian/bicycle route from Schultz Park to the Village's northern boundary which closely follows the waterfront. • Expand the Douglas public beach. Table 7.5 includes a schedule of other planned park and open space acquisitions and improvements in Douglas. r"'"\ RECREATIONAL NEEDS AND USAGE The 1988 Public Opinion Survey highlighted those recreational facilities which residents feel are inadequate in the trt-community area. Table 7.6 lists these by jurisdiction. Non-Motorized Trails and Bike Paths Residents placed highest priority on additional bike paths, cross country skiing routes, and hiking trails. These needs are currently served by non-motorized trails in the Oval Beach/Mt. Baldhead area. The 1985 Saugatuck - Douglas Parks and Recreation Plan, identified bicycle trails as a high priority and prepared a schedule of capital improvements to achieve this objective. These improvements have not been implemented to date. In 1984, the Saugatuck Township Park and Recreation Commission developed a list of recommended bike paths in the tri-community area. Those recommended for Douglas are shown below in order of priority: • Center Street from Tara to Lake Shore Drive. Village of Douglas ComprehensiVe Plan ~ "' �7-3 TABLE 7.2 INVENTORY OF OUTDOOR RECREATION 1.ocation Size (acreal I.River Bluff 27 2-Sundovn .4 l-Amalanchier ~i:u .. ...0.., : "" j .... ~ "" . !! :; •. : . •: ~ ....u ... . - ~: 411• . .:: = ~~ ! c.-,g ! 3 ~ if t ~ .... . : !i '} ...• - i ] ~~ :: . :: ~ a • 8t ,_i-9 !J ,..~~I X X , X 1.2 X X 20 X X 8-Center St. Launcl X - X ) l( X X 'J( .s X X X X X X X X X X 60* 'A X X X X )( X. X X X .. X 20. Hil!:h School 21. St, Peter's X X X .~ ..:: X X X X 12 X X 36 2). West Wind KOA X X 16. Oval Beach 22. 63rd St. Launch X X 51 8.6 X X IS.Ht. Baldhead 19. Elementary Sch. X X )I X· 154 X 41 X - .s l 7. TallmaRe Woods X X 2.s ~ X - 18. Old "Airpor.t'' .;. L X X X ) 12,Willow Park 14.Spear St. Launch ~ C: 'lC X 11. Wicks Park 13.Cook Park 41 X 5.H. Beery Field 10.Villaae Square • C l( 4 1.4 7.Union St. Launch 0 ) 4. Douglas Beach 6.schult:i: Park I C l -- M X 24. Blue Star lliway Roadside Park X X X X X X X X 25. Riverside Park • Ferry Street from Center to Campbell Road. • Lake Shore Drive from Campbell Road to the Village limits. A path on Blue Star Highway from the bridge to St. Peter's Drive. which was the Village's first priority, has already been completed. Those bike paths recommended in order of priority for Saugatuck Township are: • Lake Shore Drive from 130th Avenue to M-89. • Holland Streets from Saugatuck to the Y. • Old Allegan Road from Blue Star Highway to 60th St. • Blue Star Highway from 129th Ave. to M89. Those recommended for Saugatuck are shown below in order of priority: • Park Streets from Campbell to Perryman. • Oval Beach road. The regional bike path system would connect with Saugatuck's chain link feny to afford bicyclists east/west access. This connection runs down Holland Street and across Francis Street to the waterfront and will be served by inner city streets. without the need for additional right of way. At this juncture. bicyclists may ride the chain link ferry to Saugatuck's eastern border. Once on Saugatuck's eastern Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �7-4 TABLE 7.3 PARKLAND INVENTORY NAME OF PARK LOCATION PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS 1YPE/YEAR USES SIZE CONDITION pressbox-220 sq.ft., dugouts350 sq.ft., land52,000 sq.ft, l acre beach-36,400 sq.ft. nearly 1 acre. bathhouse280 .ft. pavillion-1326 sq.ft... land- 20 acres 66'xl20' pressbox & wash- None room poor; otherwise good Dou las Beery Field Center & Main Sts. baseball playground. picnic Douglas Beach Lakeshore Dr. public beach & picnic Schultz softball, picnic, 130th & Kalamazoo River playground, launchram2 Union St. at Kai. launch ramp, River 2icnic area River Bluff Kal River above 1-196 bridge; access from Old AlleganRd. hilting, picnic. 27 acres boaters stop, nature study. swinging & sandbox Sundown Lake MI Bluff at 126thAve. Blue Star Blue Star Hwy. south of Skyline Restaurant picnics, watch66'xl50' ing lakes & sunsets. scenic turnout 30'x200' picnics, resting for travelers Center St Park Eastern end of canoe launching, picnics, scenic Center at Kalamazoo River viewing Sau9.atuck Village Square 3 acres tennis courts, 2.5 acres drinking fountain, playground, benches, Butler & Main Streets Fair None Good Acquisition/'89 Good None newly installed entry road & pienicarea New dock & picnic shelter Very poor pad for dumpster /'89, more fiowers/'89, toilet improvements/ 1990-92 new fence: needs landscaping/ 1989-1992 new.flowers; needs new bollards & fence re- fence work/ 1989, bollards/ 1989-90 Poor additional docking, public restrooms, gazebo Good restrooms Wicks Park Waterfront between Main & Mary Streets Willow Park Waterfront at Butler & Lucy Waterfront on Water Street Spear Street streetend Cook Park Boat Ramp bandstand, boardwalk, benches, fishing. restrooms Viewing area, benches picnic tables 1 /2 acre approx. Good 132 ft Good 132 ft. Good boat launch 66 ft. Good ~ Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �7-3 TABLE 7.3 (continued) PARKLAND INVENTORY NAME OF PARK Mt. Baldhead Park LOCATION Park Street Oval Beach Park Lake Michigan Tallmadge Woods USES picnic shelter, tables, restrooms. Wking trails. parking, stairway to observation deck on top of dune, two observation decks on river beach house, concession stand, parking, picnic area. BBQ grills, viewing deck. stairs to beach, observation deck. nature 1rails current use restricted side, bicyclists could follow Saugatuck's proposed bike path system down through Douglas and south out of the Township. Bike path right of way would also extend north to Goshorn Lake along Washington Road, thereby connecting with Laketown Township. Another future extension could extend the system east along Old Allegan Road into Manlius Township. This is a scenic route, although somewhat hilly. Bicyclists wishing to pass through Saugatuck and on south through Douglas would need additional right of way from Lake Street to the bridge, thereby connecting with the Douglas bike path network. Douglas in tum would extend its bike path south on Blue Star Highway to connect with the Township system. Map 7 .2 shows this proposed regional bike path network. Waterfront Open Space A smvey of waterfront usage revealed that the most popular waterfront actMty is viewing. The second most popular use varied by waterbody. Swimming was the primruy use of Lake Michigan. powerboating for Lake Kalamazoo and Silver Lake (which also is popular for fishing). and nature study was the most popular for Kalamazoo River due to its large connecting wetlands and Wide array of wildlife- including a SIZE 51 acres CONDITION 36 acres Good PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS 1YPE/YEAR Good new concession stand& restrooms/ 1990 100 acres Good large population of Great Blue Herons which have established a rookery in the area. In accordance with usage, the overwhelming majority of residents in each jurisdiction cited preservation of existing waterfront open space and increased access to the waterfront as their highest waterfront need. Acquisition of land and provision of access to Lake Michigan was given highest priority for the waterfront by all three Jurisdictions. Open space along Lake Kalamazoo and the Kalamazoo River were also given high priority by the majority of respondents in the Village (64-69%). A large number of respondents also called for additional boat launching facilities. Parks Respondents were asked how frequently they used various local parks and the overwhelming majority responded "never". Oval Beach is used most frequently of the area parks by residents of each jurisdiction. Douglas Beach is also frequently used. Wicks. Schultz, and Beery park are more frequently used by Douglas and Saugatuck residents. than those 1n the Township. Despite the low usa_ge of ~ parlcs m. fleeted Jn the survey. 50% ofV~ rupopdent!s sa.tcl that addJ.ticmal par.ks WOJtt • JUlhi ~ lbe survey~ not ,:eive ~ Q'J)e a �7-6 TABLE 7.4 PROPOSED RECREATION PROJECTS TRI-COMMUNITY AREA PROPOSED PROJECT VERY HIGH PRIORITY LOCATION Willow Park preservation and improvement Downtown Saugatuck on the river Lake Michigan Shoreline Saugatuck High School Douglas Elementary School Saugatuck High School On river in Saugatuck North of Oval Beach Park Acquire extensive land areas New dug outs - football field Renovation of playground equipment Convert weight room to storage & coach's offices Remodel Wicks Park restrooms Acquire land to access to Oxbow Lagoon HIGH PRIORITY Acquire and improve land for marina and park Boat launching facility Develop bicycle trails Purchase park parcel on hill Acquire additional land for River Bluff Park Construct additional public restrooms Clear and develop Moore's Creek Rehabilitate tennis courts Update Village Square Park Expand and improve Howard Schultz Park Riverside Park equipment & improvements Douglas riverfront near bridge City of Saugatuck Entire area In Saugatuck Adjacent to River Bluff in Township Downtown Saugatuck Near Amalanchier Park in Saugatuck Township Village Square Park- Saugatuck Village Square Park - Saugatuck Village of Douglas Village of Douglas MEDIUM Expand underground sprinkling system Acquire land and develop tot lots Develop archery range Beach House rehabilitation Acquire land for neighborhood park Construct concession stand Village Square Park - Saugatuck All areas River Bluff Park - Township Saugatuck Oval Beach Campbell Road area - Saugatuck & Douglas Saugatuck High School Athletic Field LOW Teen Recreation Center Install lighting for tennis courts Develop non-motorized trail Lighting for tennis courts Construct additional locker rooms Downtown Saugatuck Schultz Park Schultz Park Village Square Park - Saugatuck Saugatuck High School Source: Saugatuck - Douglas Area Parks and Recreation Plan, Feb. 1985. (active, passive, neighborhood, waterfront. etc.) Village respondents feel is needed. Future recreation plans could explore this issue. It is important to note that survey responses reflect the usage charactertstics of older adults. The average age of survey respondents was 54 to 56 years old. As the age of respondents increases, park usage tends to decrease- espe- cially for parks which specialize in active sports. This reveals the need to orient recreation plans to the recreational needs of older adults. Thus. bike paths, waterfront open space/ access. hiking trails. and cross country ski trails should probably receive precedence in future recreation enhancement projects, over more active park facilities like ball diamonds. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �7-7 Senior Citizens Center Senior citizens in the area have been lobbying for a senior citizens center to serve the social and recreational needs of the area's elderly population. The survey results reflect support for a senior center in the Village and Township. Fortyfive percent of Village respondents and 53% of Township respondents felt that a senior center deserved high priority. Only 25% of City residents called for a senior center- surprising, given the high proportion of seniors in the City's resident population. RECREATION AND LOCAL SPENDING In terms of priorities for spending current tax dollars, 42-48% of respondents felt that parks and recreation are a high priority. Waterfront improvement was rated high by Village respondents. Senior programs were given low local spending priority in all three communities. despite the high average age of respondents. Although they would like to have them. most respondents would not support a community recreation center, a senior center. or a community pool if it meant an increase in general property truces. TABLE 7.5 PLANNED ACQUISITIONS/IMPROVEMENTS TO PARKS AND OPEN SPACES ACQUISillON LOCATION Esther McSic East side Union SL property Kal. Lake, North of Blue Star (Douglas) RuthMcNaLandlocked mara property end of Schultz Park (Douglas) Blue Star & Vacant Lot Main St. (Douglas) SE 1/4 SecOld tlon2 Saugatuck (Saugatuck) Airport NAME IMPROVEMENT USE Public open space SIZE CONDITION 124,000 sq.ft. Marshy (portion under water) vacant COST($) 185,000 FINANCING DNRLand Trust Park 132.000 Dry sq.ft. (vacant) NA NA Future park land 18,000 sq.ft.; nearly 1/2 acres 154 acres 65,000 NA Currently for- Dry estry management, possible future recreation TABLE 7.6 RECREATION NEEDS IN THE TRI-COMMUNITY AREA 1988 PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY CITY VILLAGE TOWNSHIP Bike paths (68%) Hiking trails (62%) Cross-country ski trails (62%) Lake MI open space (61 %) Lake Kal. open space (50%) Kal. River open space (49%) Boat launching ramps (45%) Lake MI open space (70%) Lake Kal. open space (69%) Bike paths (67%) Kal. River open space (64%) Parks (50%) Boat launching ramps (46%) Senior Center (45%) Lake MI open space (67%) Bike paths (64%) Lake Kai. open space (62%) Kal. River open space (62%) Cross-country ski trails (6()0/4) Boat launching ramps (59%) Senior Center (53%) Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �N + A O •.000 8,000 ,2.000 ft Scale 1" = 9060 ft 25 "' ' " -~---·· : •! j t 55 55 '' ,' % ~ , .,,,, .......; MAP 7.1 OUTDOOR RECREATION SITES ,. w-89 ,i ,; SAUGATUCK TWP. Douglas 1) - 25) See Chapter 7, Table 7.2 26) West Shore Golf Course 27) Cleart>ook Golf Course 28) Mi-Ro Golfcourse 29) Center Street August 1989 DATA SOURCE:Saug. - Doug. Parks & Rec. Plan, 1985 Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A 0 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft • • •• • II MAP 7.2 ACTUAL & PROPOSED BIKE PATHS Douglas [2J Proposed Bike Paths 1,1 August 1989 Actual Bike Path DATA SOURCE: S8ugatuck Township Park and Raoreallon Commluion Plan"'"I & Zoning C41m1r Inc Lansing, Ml �8-1 Chapters WATERFRONT augatuck was the first settlement in Allegan County. Its natural protected harbor along S the Kalamazoo River and proximity to Lake Michigan gave it a ready means of water transport- essential to the commerce of the day. Throughout its history, land use activities along the Lake Michigan shoreline and the riverfront have continued to dominate the economic life of the tri-community area. Lumbering, boat building, basket making, fruit transport. and even large Great Lakes passenger boats have. at different times, relied upon the River connection. Tourists have always been attracted to the area, but tourism is now the number one economic activity. Today's waterfront activities are dominated by tourist and pleasure craft needs, especially sailboats, powerboats, charter fishing boats and other tourist boats. Consequently, how the waterfront is used will be of crucial importance to the future of the tri-community area. The primary issues concerning proper future use of the waterfront involve competition between economic development and environmental protection. Waterfront lands represent the highest value lands in the tri-community area, and local officials are therefore concerned about the potential tax base associated with use of waterfront lands. In order to finance the service needs of local residents, the tri-communities must balance taxable and nontaxable land uses. This presents a dilemma. Although waterfront lands have high revenue generating potential. a major attraction of both the Lake Michigan and Kalamazoo River waterfronts is their scenic, natural shorelines composed of forested sand dunes and large wetland areas. Should these natural areas be greatly damaged or destroyed through inappropriate development. then the "goose that laid the golden egg" will be dead. It is essential that the natural beauty of the waterfront be maintained along the Lake Michigan shoreline, the Kalamazoo River from the channel to Saugatuck, and from the Blue Star Highway bridge inland. Limited additional development along the waterfront on Lake Kalamazoo and the Douglas side of the bayou east of Blue Star Highway may be both desirable and necessary. However, such development must be undertaken carefully to maintain the delicate balance between economic development and environmental protection. It is both necessary and possible to manage the waterfront for a variety of purposes. Yet it is always difficult to manage for multiple uses. Some individuals value land management to retain the necessary habitat for birds, fish and wildlife. Others feel it should be managed to maximize surface water use, or for intensive waterfront dependent activities like ship building or power generation. Based on some of the technical data presented below, existing use information, citizen opinions, and the goals and objectives presented at the beginning of this Plan, the waterfront in the tri-community area can, and should, be managed to accommodate a wide range of land uses and activities. This Plan seeks to define a balance between competing uses. It places protection of the natural environment as first and foremost in making future land use decisions along the Lake Michigan and Kalamazoo River waterfronts. The ultimate goal is to minimize disruption of the natural environment so that new development is in harmony with the environment, rather than in conflict with it. Some destruction of the llmite d remaining wetland areas along Lake Kalamazoo is only Justified where the public benefits of particular projects are very great (e.g. a public marina or additional public access to the waterfront). 'Watersheds of the KaJarna~ River Basin The Kalamazoo River extends from south of Homer in Hillsdale and Jackson Counties to its outlet at Lake Michigan in Saugatuck Township (see Figure 4.1). With the exception of lands adjoining Lake Michigan (which drain directly into the Lake) and a small area in the southeast comer of Saugatuck Township, all land in the tri-communtty area is part of the Kalamazoo River Basin. Eight small watershed areas lie within the tri-communtty area and discharge Into Lake Michigan via the Kalamazoo River (see Map 8.1). These include Goshorn. Peach Orchard. Tan- Village of Douglas COJDPr.ehensive Plan �8-2 nety, Silver and "Cemetecy" Creeks. as well as the Morrison Bayou at the eastern end of the Kalamazoo River as it enters the Township. Most of Douglas and Saugatuck also drain separately into the Kalamazoo River and Lake Kalamazoo. Slopes in the area are generally less than 10 percent though locally they may be in excess of 20 percent. Runoff erosion is taking place in the highlands. contributing sediment to backswamp areas and Lake Michigan. Monthly (exceedance) flows for the Kalamazoo River. based on a 1649 square mile drainage area near Fennville (#0410B500, T2n. Rl4W, NE 1/4 Sec 5). were averaged from measurements taken between 1929 to 1985 by the Hydrologic Engineering Section, Land and Water Management DMsion. MDNR. Estimates based on these measurements were then prepared for the larger drainage area of 2060 square miles at the mouth of the Kalamazoo River (T3N. Rl6W, Sec 4, Saugatuck Township). Ninety-five percent and fifty percent exceedance flows are shown in Table 8.1. These are flows exceeded 95% or 50% of the time. The lowest 95% exceedance flow in Fennville (nearly drought level) was measured during August at 410 cfs. and is estimated to be 520 cfs at the mouth of the Kalamazoo River. The 50% exceedance flow in Fennville ranged from a low of 860 cfs during the summer months to 2010 cfs TABLE 8.1 KALAMAZOO RIVER EXCEEDANCE FLOWS ( 1929-85) MONTHLY AVERAGE CUBIC FT /SECOND FENNVILLE 95% RNERMOUTH 500/4 95% 1350 1400 1950 2010 1690 1750 2430 2510 2000 1560 1210 1070 1070 1220 1510 1620 50% January Februaty March April May June July August September October November December 1600 1250 970 860 860 980 1210 1300 710 790 1010 1040 830 630 480 410 480 520 650 750 890 990 1260 1300 1040 790 600 520 600 650 810 940 Source: Hydrologtc En~eertnfuSection, Land and Water Resources Divis on, Mic gan Department of Natural Resources. Village of Douglas during April. Corresponding estimates for the mouthoftheKalamazooRiverrangedfrom 1070 cfs during the summer months to 2510 cfs during April. The 100 year discharge is estimated at 15,400 cfs at the mouth of the Kalamazoo River, and 12,500 cfs at the Fennville gage. n PRIMARY ECOSYSTEMS The tri-community area has three basic ecosystems. two of which parallel the waterfront. The first ecosystem is comprtsed of hardwoods holding the sand dunes in place along the Lake Michigan shoreline. These woodlots are inhabited by small game such as fox squirrels, rabbits, raccoons. deer. wild turkey. and opossums. This ecosystem is comprtsed of fauna common to most of Michigan, but its balance is easily upset by the disruption of its shallow organic soils. Any ground cover that is damaged or removed should be quickly replaced with cover that will hold and prevent sand from blowing or rapid wind erosion may occur. Michigan's most famous ghost town. Singapore, once a thriving lumber town, lies beneath these shifting sands near the mouth of the channel. The second ecosystem is the marsh-wetland ecosystem that covers the area along the Kalamazoo River, Silver Lake and Goshorn Lake, and the connecting tributaries. This area is covered with marsh grasses, low shrubs, poplar trees, spruces. some white pine. and other softwoods. The cover is inhabited by common Michigan marsh dwellers such as frogs, turtles, ducks, blackbirds, and snakes. The marsh ecosystem is also populated by muskrat. mink, mallard duck. black duck. teal. wood duck. blue heron, Canadian geese, and mute swans. Golden eagle and osprey used to frequent the area. The marsh ecosystem is vecy sensitive to changes in water quality and disruption of vegetation. Great care must be taken to limit siltation and disruption to vegetation when working in this ecosystem. The third ecosystem covers the rest of the Township and is predominantly agricultural/forest with birds and wildlife common to this dominant ecosystem in Michigan. The entire Saugatuck/Douglas area is designated as an area of particular concern by the DNR Areas of particular concern are those having scarce resources. unusual scenic beauty, unusual economic value. recreational attractions, or some combination of the above. They are only located in coastal areas. Altertng the prehensive Plan r\ "' �8-3 environment in an area of "particular concern" could have a significant impact on the quality of coastal and Great Lakes waters. WATER QUALITY The Kalamazoo River watershed includes many types of land uses and the River flows through several large developed urban areas including Kalamazoo and Battle Creek. When it reaches the trt-community area, the quality of this water is not good. Despite the water quality problem, the River from about one-half mile downstream from the Hacklander Public Access Site (in Section 23). has been designated as a "wild-scenic river" under Michigan's Natural River Act, Public Act 231 of 1970. Land use restrictions have been imposed to retain its natural character within 300 feet of the River's edge. The basic water management goal is the elimination of the pollution threat to surface and groundwater resources. The Kalamazoo River is designated by the DNR to be protected for recreation (partial body contact), intolerant fish (warm water species). industrial water supply, agricultural and commercial uses. Downstream from the Kalamazoo Lake, the river is protected for cold water anadromus fish species (trout and salmon). Kalamazoo Lake and Goshorn Lake are designated to be protected for recreation (total body contact). and intolerant fish (warm water species). These water management objectives are nearly ten years old, but there have been no concerted efforts to update them and carry them out. A push to revise the objectives is underway statewide, but it could be years before any action plans are carried out for the Kalamazoo River. 1988 Public Opinion Survey results reveal that citizens in the trt-community area feel that the water quality of the Kalamazoo River and Lake is poor to very poor (58%-70%), Lake Michigan is rated fair to good (31-500/4). and most respondents familiar with the water quality of Silver Lake felt that it was fair. The majority of respondents who are familiar with these water bodies, feel that the water quality of Lake Michigan and Silver Lake has deteriorated slightly in recent years, and Kalamazoo River and Kalamazoo Lake has deteriorated slightly to greatly. Most respondents who reside in Saugatuck, however, felt that the water quality has stayed about the same. Basic water quality data on the River appears in Table 8.2 for selected months in 1978, TABLE8.2 KALAMAZOO RIVER WATER QUALITY FECAL COUFORM PER lOOML Fennville 1/27/88 5/18/88 7/28/88 9/21/88 PHOSPHOROUS TOTAL ORIHO MG/L MG/L NITROGEN N02 N03 MG/L SEDIMENIS MG/L TONS/DAY 28 96 .05 .04 .08 .07 .01 <.01 <.01 .02 1.4 0.5 0.67 0.64 5 26 17 39 29 102 30 202 200 200 .08 .11 .14 .02 .02 .01 1.6 0.88 0.39 21 13 21 161 102 103 .07 .12 .12 .15 NR NR NR NR 1.7 0.34 0.54 0.00 9 20 15 28 27 123 26 72 HEAVY METALS LEAD MERCURY MG/L MG/L. <5 <.l <5 <.l <5 <.l <5 <.l Saugatuck. 3/19/86 6/25/86 9/ 11/86 Saugatuck. 1/10/78 5/1/78 7/20/78 9/11/78 120 69 20 10 NR • Not Reported Source: USGS Water Resource Data For Michigan, Water Resources Division, U.S. Geologic Sw:vey. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan, <.5 <.5 .5 �8-4 1986, and 1988. The sampling point was moved from Saugatuck to Fennville in 1987. This data reveals an increase in sedimentation and a decline in heavy metals. It also shows an increase in fecal coliform (intestinal bacteria) levels to 200/ 100 ml at the former testing site in Saugatuck- the maximum level permitted under rule 62 of the MDNR Water Resources Commission General Rules of 1986. Phosphorous and certain nitrogen levels have not changed appreciably in the past ten years. The Kalamazoo River between Calkins Dam and Lake Michigan has been designated an Area of Concern in the 1988 Michigan Nonpoint Source Management Plan (MNSMP). due to contamination of fish from PCB's. The primary source of contamination was identified as PCB contaminated sediments upstream in the Kalamazoo River and Portage Creek. These sediments continue to erode, resuspend, and dissolve PCB's into the water column where they are transported downstream. Due to the presence of PCB's, advisories are in effect for consumption of fish caught in the Kalamazoo River or Lake Michigan. The advisory warns against any consumption of carp, suckers. catfish, and largemouth bass taken from the Kalamazoo River downstream from the Morrow Pond Dam to Lake Michigan and Portage Creek downstream from Monarch Millpond. Limited consumption of other species (no more than one meal per week) is considered safe for all except nursing mothers, pregnant women, women who intend to have children, and children age 15 and under. In Lake Michigan limited consumption of Lake Trout 20-23", Coho Salmon over 26", Chinook Salmon 21-32", and Brown Trout up to 23" is considered safe for all except nursing mothers, pregnant women, women who intend to have children. and children age 15 and under. Individuals should not consume carp, catfish, or Lake Trout. Brown Trout. or Chinook which fall outside of the acceptable size for limited consumption. To address the PCB problem, the MNSMP has devised a Remedial Action Plan with the goal ofreducing human exposure to acceptable levels (1: 100,000) and thus reducing fish tissue concentration to a maximum .05 mg/kg and reducing water column levels to .02 ng/1. Actions taken to address the problem include: strict controls on direct discharges of PCB's; a feasibility study of remedial alternatives; funding through State Act 307 to take remedial action at three sites: and legal action and negotiations With private parties at two other sites (see MNSMP, November 7, 1988, p. 328). Efforts initiated in the '?O's to identify and require extensive treatment of pollutants prior to their dumping into the River will continue to slowly improve the quality of the water. As the nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen are removed from wastewater entering the River, less new plant life will be stimulated and more oxygen will be available for fish. One of these efforts is the Michigan Water Resources Commission Act. which requires all discharges into the water to have discharge permits. In addition. the Federal Water Pollution Control Act established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. Under these laws. any public or private facility which will emit any point-source discharge into the water must first receive a NPDES discharge permit. The permit program sets forth limitations and monitortng requirements to protect water quality and meet treatment standards, and establishes strong enforcement actions for violations. The Surface Water Quality Division, MDNR, administers NPDES permits. NPDES permits issued 1n the tri-community area are shown on Table 8.3. However, sedimentation and nonpoint sources of pollution Will remain a problem. In contrast to pipes that discharge directly into a waterbody, nonpoint sources of pollution include those pollutants that do not originate from a single point- such as fertilizer and pesticide runoff from farmers fields and petroleum based pollutants that wash off parking lots and roadways. The most obvious pollutants are the physical litter and debris that are carelessly dumped into the River or Lake and which typically wash up along the shore. Michigan's 1988 Nonpolnt Pollution Assessment Report concluded that 99% of Michigan's watersheds have at least one waterbody with a non-point source pollution problem. In-place contamination and atmospheric deposition were listed as the primary non-point sources of pollution for the Kalamazoo River. Stronger efforts to improve water quality will have a positive affect on tourism, recreation, and future growth and development of the tricommunity area. All sources of pollution affect water quality, and hence the utility of the water resource. While the tri-community area must rely on outside agencies to enforce pollution control laws upstream. some efforts can be undertaken by Saugatuck, Douglas and Saugatuck Township to improve water quality Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �8-15 TABLE8.3 NPDES PERMITS ISSUED IN THE TRI-COMMUNITY AREA PERMIT RECIPIENT ADDRESS 201 Culver St.. DISCHARGE LOCATION Ka1amaz.oo Lake Groundwater Purge Twp. proces.sed. wastewater treated murucipal waste 900,000 gal/ day purged groundwater, purgable halo- Rich Products 350 Culver St., carbons 12,000 gal/day Culligan Kal. Lake Water & Sewer Authority Ka1amaz.oo Lake Saugatuck 340 Culver St., Saugatuck 6449 Old Allegan Rd., Saugatuck Saugatuck EXPIRATION DATE 1991 via storm sewers Ka1amaz.oo River outfall 001 Ka1amaz.oo River outfall 001 Ka1amaz.oo River non-contact cool- via storm sewer ing water & cooling tower blowdown 1990 1993 1990 Source: MDNR Surface Water Quality Division TABLE 8.4 LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE LEVELS YEAR LOWEST EL FEETAS.L. MONTH HIGHEST EL MONTH FEET A.S.L. 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 578.00 578.12 578.31 578.92 578.51 578.17 578.85 579.02 579.57 580.36 578.96 578.10 February March February December February March February February February February December December 578.57 579.01 580.02 579.77 579.43 579.02 580.08 580.23 580.84 581.62 580.65 579.04 July October April July July April July July June October January May DIFFERENCE DIFFERENCE IN FEET IN INCHES .57 .89 1.75 .85 .92 .85 1.25 1.21 1.27 1.26 1.69 .94 6.84 10.68 20.52 10.20 11.04 10.20 15.00 14.52 15.24 15.12 20.28 11.28 Source: The Michigan Riparian, May 1989 and prevent further pollution within the trtcommunity area. These will be discussed further later in this Chapter. LAKE LEVELS The natural level of the Great Lakes goes through periodic changes that are based predominantly on rainfall and evaporation within the entire Great Lakes Basin. Since a century peak in 1986, Lake Michigan has steadily fallen to its current level of around 5 78 feet (see Table 8.4). The Kalamazoo River, Kalamazoo Lake and Lake Michigan are interconnected. Thus, water levels on the River and Lake Kalamazoo are largely dependent on Lake Michigan water levels. Consequently, land uses adjoining the waterfront should be based on the vagaries of fluctuating Lake Michigan water levels. This has not always been done as was evident by extensive shore erosion and flooding during the last high water period. When water levels are high "no-wake" zones, which are always in effect frmn the channel to Mason Street In Saugatuck, are extended Village of Douglas Compteh~Plan �8-6 to cover all of the Kalamazoo Lake shoreline and parts of the River east of Blue Star Highway (see Map 8.2). When a "no-wakeff speed is in effect, then all motor boats and vessels must limit speed to a slow no-wake speed when within 100 feet of: • rafts, except for ski jumps and ski landing floats; • docks; • launching ramps; • swtrn:mers; • anchored. moored or drifting boats; and • designated no-wake zones. This means a speed slow enough that the wake or wash of the boat creates a IJlintrnum disturbance. Owners and operators are responsible for damage caused by wakes. HARBOR Map 8.3 is the existing harbor map (June 1987) distributed by the Natlonal Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It depicts water depth for the shoreline along Lake Michigan. and the River through Kalamazoo Lake. Channel depth is maintained by periodic dredging to a depth of 13 feet to Main Street in Saugatuck. (Dredging at the mouth of the channel ls to begin in July 1990 and be completed in the Fall of 1990 .) The depth then drops to 20-2 7 feet for the next 500 feet. Between that point and Tower Marine, the water depth is about 7 feet. Most of the rest of Lake Kalamazoo varies between 1 and 4 feet in depth with not more than 2 feet being the most common. The Douglas shoreline, east of Blue Star Highway is only 1-2 feet in depth except for a small area running NW-SE from the center of the bridge and connecting to the Point Pleasant Yacht Club. This natural harbor is the principal attraction for nautical tourists which flock to the area during summer months when the marinas are used to capacity. Hundreds rent dockage by the season. Many live on their boats for weeks on end. The demand for dockage appears to be greater than the supply, despite the huge number of slips available (see Map 8.4). In 1976 there were 8 marinas with approximately 800 slips. In 1989, there are 26 legally operating marinas with 966 slips. There are about half dozen marinas Without current permits and these contain over 30 more slips. There are also a number of slips maintained by private residences for their own personal use. Marina permits are required for any commercial activity, so as few as two slips could require a marina permit if they are rented. Permits are issued for a three year period by the DNR On peak summer weekends the number of boats on the lake could be twice to thrice the normal level. This presents one of the most serious problems Jointly facing the tri-community area- how to deal with surface water use conflicts. The Lake has a total surface water area of 184 acres. Acreage available for recreational boating is dramatically reduced by the dockage which extends into the Lake hundreds of feet and by the shallow water at the edge to about 133 acres. Yet, on summer weekends the River is a constant highway of boats moving in and out of the Lake. Recreational sailing, fishing, swimming, sailboarding and water skiing are limited by all of the motorboat traffic. However, during the week, other water surface activities can go on without much interference. MARINE SAFETY The Allegan County Sheriff's Department, Marine Safety Division, maintains strict control of the waterways. The Department has 8 marine officers. Normally. two officers patrol by boat, but three to four officers patrol during holidays and special events. Officers patrol in a 27 foot Boston Whaler with two 150 horsepower outboard motors. This boat is equipped for Lake Michigan rescue, and has a noise meter which monitors the 86 decibel noise limit. From Memorial Day to Labor Day offkers put in 635 hours of patrol duty on Kalamazoo River and Kalamazoo Lake. One hundred and ten hours were spent patrolling Lake Michigan. Most patrols occur between Friday and Sunday, and about half of the Department's budget goes to patrolling the Saugatuck area. In the summer of 1989, 189 tickets were issued on Kalamazoo River and Kalamazoo Lake, 11 were issued on Lake Michigan. 276 warnings were issued. IO complaints were received, and 6 boating accidents occurred. The Department also conducted 378 safety inspections. The most common violations are inadequate life preservers on board and lack of current registration. The Department notes that slow /no wake, and hazardous violations were down in the summer of 1989. The most common surface water use conflicts identified by the Sheriff's Department include sailboat and motorboat conflicts and complaints over the noise and attitude ofjet Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �8-7 skiers. Conflicts between sailboats and motorboats arc most common on Saturday. waterfront, but there arc few public access sites and. except for Shultz Park. these provtde little space for transient parking. EXlSTING LAND USE Existing land use ls described in detail in Chapter 5. All land uses along the waterfront arc oriented to the water. The bulk of the waterfront in the Township from the channel to the City is developed as stngle family residential. The City and Village waterfronts are predominantly residential and marina. The balance of the waterfront, which lies in the Township. is in a natural state with some areas of residential development (such as along Silver Lake). Many commercial establishments (mostly motels and restaurants) are also located here. Except for the Broward Boat Company near the channel, there are no industrial activities along the waterfront. A number of small parks are located along the CONFLICTS/PROBLEMS At an interjurlsdictional meeting on water front issues on November 1986, five key issues were identified: • high water and its impacts • development and acquisition of public lands along the waterfront: • limiting the intensity of shore line development: • preserving the scenic character of the shoreline environment retaining visual access to, of the • surface water use conflicts. Each of these remain important Issues as shown in the 1988 Public Opinion Survey. FIGURE 8.1 LINKAGE PLAN R-2 R-1 ~(commercial) ~wetland · AG . .• , Source: CoDNne O&ldand County·• Natural RNOurcea: A Manual for Pl•nnln• Department of Public Works, Oakland County, MI. September 1980. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan a Implementatloa. �8-8 High Water When Great Lakes water levels are high, erosion along the Lake Michigan shoreline increases. The impacts of erosion are clear along Lakeshore Drive. where part of the road has been washed away. Many high value homes will be threatened by additional eroSion in this area. Erosion along the River and Lake Kalamazoo also increases with higher Lake Michigan water levels. Many bulkheads and similar shore protection devices were installed to minlmize the effects of the most recent high water level. Raising some of the land and structures would be necessary if lake levels remained high for lengthy periods. On the positive side, the south shore of Lake Kalamazoo becomes more attractive to marina development when water levels are high since it is very shallow in this area. Likewise. when water levels are below average, some existing dockage is unusable. Fluctuating lake levels are part of a natural system. The costs and implications of trying to artificially manage the entire Great Lakes Basin to maintain even Lake levels is not known. but waterfront land use decisions in the trt-community area should be made based on the assumption that Lake Michigan water levels cannot be artificially maintained. Acquisition and Development of Public Lands Along the Waterfront Two types of public lands are needed along the waterfront. One is parkland/ open space and the other is a public marina. Existing open space along the waterfront should be preserved (see Map 8.5). Several street ends provide needed relief from structures along the shoreline. These public open spaces are generally well managed, and efforts should be initiated to ensure that they are not lost. Existing parks along the shoreline should also be linked together, and with other inland parks. by pedestrian and bicycle paths whenever the opportunity arises (see Figure 8.1). The lack of parkland along the Lake Michigan shoreline is most acute for Township residents. and somewhat less severe for Village residents. Outside of purchaslng and developing new land for parks. the tri-communities should consider establishing a separate park and recreation authority responsible for maintaining all parks presently owned by the three communities. The benefit would be providing access to Oval Beach by Village and Township residents and spreading the fiscal responsibility for main- tenance across more taxpayers. This would also make it more feasible to acquire additional park space as needed. Because residents of three Jurisdictions would benefit, grant requests would probably be more favorably reviewed. Public marina space is also needed as there are only three public access sites along Lake Kalamazoo and the River presently, and two are too far inland for most daily boaters. The third is a street end 1n Saugatuck and has no adjacent parking. Private marinas proVide transient berthing opportunities. but there is considerable demand for more. By having a facility to attract more transient boaters, the three communities would be gaining additional tourist income. The three most logical places for such a facility are: 1) immediately adjacent to the Blue Star Highway bridge in Douglas and extending to the existing launch facility adjacent to the Kewatln; 2) converting the Center Street maintenance facility in Douglas to a public marina: 3) at some distant time (or if the opportunity arose) by replacing the Rich Products office building in Saugatuck with a public marina and accompanying parking. Alternatively, if adjacent parking could be secured, the street end next to Gleason's in Saugatuck could be a good public access point. While the public opinion survey did not reflect overwhelming support for a public marina, there appears to be demand for such a facility from persons outside the trt-community area. Its long term economic benefits may well justify its cost, especially if state or federal funds could be secured to help pay for it. Limiting the Intensity of Development The primary future development of waterfront lands in the City will be redevelopment of existing parcels. In the Village it will focus on further development along the South Shore of Lake Kalamazoo. In both areas it will be critical that new development is neither so dense. nor so high as to block existing public views of the waterfront or further "wall" the Lake with structures. Recommendations to prevent this are lncluded in Chapter 10. It will be critical that all three communities agree to a common approach to waterfront development. embody that in land use plans, and then implement those plans. To some extent, uniform densities. setbacks, and height regulations will be valuable, espec1ally around Lake Kalamazoo. Additional development around Silver Lake needs to remain at a very low density in keeping Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan ,--,,. ' 71 ~ �8-9 with the septic limitations of the land and the limited recreational value of this shallow waterbody. The eastern end of the Kalamazoo River should likewise receive little new development in keeping with its Natural River designation. Retaining Visual Access, Aesthetics and the Character of the Area As has been emphasized throughout this Plan. the natural beauty of the waterfront has much to do with the attraction of the tri-community area. Local development regulations should be reviewed and revised if necessary. to insure that new development complements, rather than detracts from this natural beauty. Old vessels should not be permitted to lie beached along the shoreline, because this also detracts from the beauty and character of the waterlront. The Kewatin should only be retained if its exterior remains in a good state of repair or if it is restored as an historic landmark. Several vistas have public values that deserve protection. These include the entry into and exit from Lake Michigan on the Kalamazoo River, the view from Mount Baldhead, the view of Kalamazoo Lake from both ends, and approaches to the Kalamazoo River Bridge. The public opinion suivey strongly supports the provision of additional open space along Lake Kalamazoo and the Kalamazoo River and demonstrates that the primary use of the area's water bodies is viewing. Yet, recent development pressures have led to overbuilding of condominiums along the waterlront, shutting off all public viewing of the lake from existing rights-of-way. Any future development along the channel should be set back sufficiently to maintain the broad open views that are presented to boat travelers entering or leaving the Kalamazoo River. The view from the top of Mount Baldhead should be improved by careful selective pruning of dead or dying trees blocking good views of Saugatuck and Lake Kalamazoo. The curve going northbound on Blue Star Highway in Douglas Just before crossing the bridge is the only good panorama of Kalamazoo Lake. A public turnoff. the acquisition of a scenic easement, or the concentration of new development on the western portion of those undeveloped lands should be initiated to protect that important view. In addition, the land adjacent to the west side of the bridge in Douglas should be selectively pruned to improve the view to travelers crossing the bridge (northbound) until a public marina could be established there. Surface Water Use Cof\/ll.cts Resolution of surlace water use conructs will require more planning and a uniform approach to regulation. Most important is establishing the carrying capacity of Lake Kalamazoo and the River to the channel mouth. Carrying capacity refers to the physical capacity and intrinsic suitability of lands (and water) to absorb and support various types of development (or use). Such an analysis is typically perlormed by an inventory of existing surlace water use during weekdays and peak weekends. Data is then examined in terms of the size of the waterbody and its capacity to assimilate various mixes of use. Such an analysis would probably reveal some, but not much excess capacity for new boat slips, because any number of boaters can access Kalamazoo Lake from Lake Michigan. Without an analysis of carrying capacity, the amount of new boat slip development and related surlace water use conflicts are difllcult to evaluate. Some time or surlace zoning could be established in conjunction with the DNR if desired. For example, water skiing, Jet skiing. fishing, sailing, etc, could be limited to particular parts of Lake Kalamazoo or Silver Lake or to particular times of the day. Another option could be a harbor patrol paid for by all three governmental units. More information is necessary to establish the need for regulation. If surlace water use is regulated, each unit of government would need to agree to a common regulato:ry approach. Surface water use conflicts will grow more acute on Lake Kalamazoo if existing dockage is extended much further into the Lake. Such extensions should not be permitted as the surface area available for various recreational uses will be too drastically reduced. Existing no-wake zones should also be more rigorously enforced. RECOMMENDATIONS TO GUIDE FtrI'URE USE In seeking to balance economic development with environmental protection, the concept of car:rytng capacity should be a major consideration. If the carrying capacity ofland or water is exceeded, then actMties cannot be undertaken without unacceptable b:npacts on users, the environment, or both. Impacts can include increased trip times, decreased safety, pollution, loss of open space, and many other considerations. The key is prevention of overuse by limiting intensity of use on adjoining lands and regulating surface water use. Village of Douglas Comprehensive P'lan �8-10 Environmental protection must be a leading principle in making future land use decisions along the waterfront. Environmentally sensitive areas such as sand dunes, wetlands, high risk erosion areas, floodplains, and key woodlands should be protected from unnecessary destruction. Development should complement rather than destroy these areas and their values. By doing so the environmental quality of the air and water will be improved, wildlife habitat will be preserved, scenic values will be protected, and the character of the area will be maintained. Some new intensive shoreline development will be desirable and necessary, but the balance should not be disproportionately on the side of new tax base as it has been for the past decade. Opportunities to enhance the waterfront should be seized. Parks and open spaces should eventually be linked with other public places. Additional access to the waterfront should be acquired when available, and existing access via street ends and parks should not be lost through neglect or inaction. A new public marina should be constructed if resources are available and the cost could be spread among local citizens and other users (such as through grants or user fees). Visual access from public thoroughfares and walkways should be maintained in all new waterfront development. Protection mechanisms, like the Natural River designation, should be recognized for the ancillary benefits they bring to the community. A local "Friends of the River,. organization could be instituted to annually adopt and clean up the shoreline to remove floating debris, other waste, and downed timber that become lodged there. A special effort to maintain the character of Lakeshore Drive along the Lake Michigan shoreline should also be initiated. A comprehensive stormwater management plan and wetlands protection plan should be instituted as part of a broad water quality protection program that is based on the small watersheds that feed the Kalamazoo River Basin. The Soil Conservation Service should be asked to assist in preparing nonpoint pollution guidelines to help guide farmers in land management practices that help keep the River clean. spectjurisdiction boundaries. Their future quality and desirability depends on all governmental units through which they flow playing an active and supportive role in protecting and improving water quality. To advance this goal, the Jointly appointed waterfront committee should be reinstituted or its responsibilities shifted to the Joint Planning Committee which helped fashion this Plan. NEED FOR INTERGOVERNMENl'AL COOPERATION Each of these recommendations requires a strong degree of intergovenunental cooperation. Watercourses, like the environment. do not re- Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �N A ��5~ ,z 3, JO " 3' J, 33 ,, ,. )4 31 JO 29 )7 JO 29 JI ,. c:::, ,. 27 ,. 23 ,. " ,. J3 \) .: ,. 2J • 21 27 25 2J 16 24 26 24 22 20 " ,.._I\ ... ;;5 2 MICHIGAN lka.l• 1:11.000 80\JNDIN091N l"!!:T ,..,. ,.;. 100D ;:;,. MAP 8.3 SAUGATUCK HARBOR 2 �MAP 8.4 MARINAS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. ,a. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Douglas Ship & Shore Motel/Boatel (0) East Shore Harbor Club (64) Pointe Pleasant Yacht Club (14) Sergeant Marina (63) Tower Marina (322) Skippers Cove (12) Water Side Condo (12) Naughtins Marina (37) Saugatuck Yacht Club (16) Deep Harbor Deve, Inc. (46) South Side Marina (24) Casa Loma (11) Gleasons Marina (9) Saugatuck Yacht Co. (81) Walkers Landing (22) Windjammer Condo Association (12) Schippas Marina (10) Singapore Yacht Club (50) West Shore Marine Inc. (57) Bridges Of 5augatuck (8) Coral Gables (50)) V & L Properties (10) Back Bay Marina (12) Southside Marina (24) Total Nurrt>er Of Permitted Marina Boat Slips In Area .........966 August 1989 DATA SOURCE:DNR Planning & Zoning Center, Inc, Lansing, MI ��N A MAP8.5 STREETENDS/ PARKS G Street/Road Ends [!] Public Access 0 Douglas Parks 1) Oval Beach 2) Mount Baldhead 3) Chain Link Ferry 4) Douglas Beach ~ 1 ·, -, - - DATA SOURCE: Plllirilng & Zoning Cen1et Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A See Preceding Map For Information Regarding This Area MAP 8.5 A STREET ENDS/ PARKS ~ Street/Road Ends ~ Public Access August 1989 DATA SOURCE: [!] Douglas Par1<s 1) Shultz Par1< 2) River Bluff Park 3) Sundown Par1< Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �9-1 Chapter9 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS G rowth and development trends reflect past settlement patterns in a community and provide a basis for estimating future development patterns. Growth rates are one aspect of change. These show which areas are growing at a faster rate. Residential construction permits show where most of this residential development is taking place and provide insight into residential preferences. Land subdMsion trends show the rate at which small lots are created. Rapid land subdivision carves up agricultural land and other open spaces for residential use and thus permanently transforms the rural character of an area. Inefficient land subdivision takes large amounts of potentially developable land out of use as long "bowling alley" lots or "flag" lots are created. Population trends may be used to project future population, which is used to estimate future land use needs and settlement patterns in a community. And finally, a "build out" scenario may be created based upon the vacant or buildable sites in an area to get an idea what the area might look like if it were developed according to current wning and use requirements. A more complete discussion of these issues is included below. GROWfH RATES Between 1950 and 1970 the Village of Douglas grew more rapidly than either Saugatuck Township or Saugatuck. with a growth rate of 35% (see Table 9.1). In terms of actual numbers, the Village's population more than doubled between 1950 and 1980, when it reached a total of 948. Then, between 1970 and TABLE 9.1 RATE OF POPULATION CHANGE 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 Saugatuck Saugatuck Twp. Douglas 20% 34% 35% 6% AREAWIDE 29% 10% 11% 35% 16% COMMUNilY 40% 17% 22% 1980 the growth rate slowed to 170Ai and surrounding Saugatuck Township's growth rate soared at 40%. Saugatuck's growth rate, on the other hand, nearly ground to a halt. These changing growth trends reflect the scarcity of land in the city and the desire for scenic, rural living which is attracting many to the Township. Recent trends, however, suggest that growth in the Village is increasing. RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION Building permit data reveal development trends in Douglas since 1980. The Village has attracted much of the area's multiple family housing development. About 46 single family homes and 73 multiple family units have been constructed in the Village since 1980. Most of this construction has occurred south of Center Street along Lakeshore Drive; in the northwest corner of the Township: and north ofWestshore St. and east of Ferry St. (see Map 9.1). Aside from new construction, the number of additions, extensions, and other improvements was also high. MIGRATION Migration is a strong component of population growth throughout the County. Allegan County experienced net in-migration of 3.03% between 1983 and 1987-the eighteenth highest rate of in-migration in the state. Many of these immigrants are retirees. Figure 9.1 reveals migration patterns of senior citizens in the region over the past three decades. It reveals an explosion of retiree migration into Allegan County since 1970. Between 1980 and 1985, the rate of retiree migration into the County continued to climb. reaching 2.17 compared to -0.26 for the state as a whole. POPULATION PROJECTIONS Future population for the Village of Douglas was projected based on the 1970 to 1980 population trend. rather than long term trends. due to the recent changes in the rate of population �9-2 FIGURE9.l KENT OTTAWA 54 501 • 1412 RETIREE MIGRATION TRENDS SOUTHWESTERN MICHIGAN -767 I -1148 I I -713 I I I -247 -457 150 .AUEG-AN -,• •·RAY -173 Net Migration of The Population 65+ 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 · -5 · 121 132 I 12 1040 l EATON · -158 -142 I · 804 · - · - • .J._ - - • _j_. VAN IUREN ,•KALAMAZOO,• +· " -13 284 1039 -r f 1--- ~ -·~, CA.is . 390 -445 578 growth described above. A composite straightline trend can be projected by applying logarithms to determine the ratio of change based on the 1970 to 1980 trend. Table 9.2 illustrates these results. Thus if current trends continue, the tricommunity area can expect about 1800 more people in 2010 than in 1980. Sixty-four percent of this growth is expected to occur in the Township, with 21 % in the Village, and 15% in the City. Due to its greater availability of land, the Village will eventually overtake the City in terms of overall population growth, as seen in Figure 9.2. 130 I I 85 109 1 I f • CALHOU_N -1196 -1131 -592 I t -,sr.',.!2WH..,--.;u.NCH -i"49 • --,.- 36 1 / -33 580 ' I -125 -181 Residential land in the Village is zoned predominantly for medium density residential development (4 to 5 units per acre). If present trends continue. about 70% of the 153 new households will settle in medium density residential areas. translating into the conversion of 26 acres of land. Only 4 acres would be transformed into low density residential use, and about 4 acres would be developed at higher densities as apartments or clustered units. This would consume 34 acres of the Village's presently undeveloped residentially zoned land. FIGURE9.2 POPULATION TREND PROJECTED LAND USE .NEE;DS: 2010 To determine the impact of this population growth on residential land use, future population is translated into new households. This is done by applying the average household size for each community to the projected population in 2010 and then subtracting 1980 households. The result is an estimated 153 new households in Douglas by 2010. These results are shown in Table 9.3. Future demand for land by these new households may be estimated by looking at land subdivision trends and current settlement patterns or zoned densities. -447 -1651 1 I -1729 SAUGATUCK TWP. 3.0 p 2.5 0 p T H U 0 L u A! 2.0 - TWP.ONLY = SAUGATUCK = OOUGLAS 1.6 TN I D 1.0 0 0.5 s N 0.0 1950 1960 Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan 1970 1980 YEAR 1990 2000 2010 "' �9-3 leaving an excess of 163 acres. Tables 9.4 to 9.6 show this projection of current trends. BUILD OUT SCENARIO The projections shown above are only estimates based on current trends. Any number of events could alter these trends. For example, the location of a new industry in the Village could attract new families into the area. Provision of sewer and water service in the Township could intensify the type, density, and rate of growth that occurs there. And Saugatuck's attraction as a center for tourism could continue to grow. fostering greater in-migration of retirees and others searching for an alternative lifestyle. If the Village were developed to its full capacity, what would it look like? This exercise, called a "build out" scenario, provides an estimate of the buildable capacity of the Village under currently zoned densities. Acres were estimated for each community in the tri-community area based on vacant or developable land (not including existing agricultural areas) by zoned use and density /minimum lot size. These results are shown in Table 9.7. This information can be translated into a population estimate by first dividing the developable acres by the minimum lot size in that zoning district to determine the number of households which could occupy the parcel(s). The new households are then multiplied by the average household size for that community to derive a population estimate. Almost 200 acres of land are available for residential development in the Village. Most of this land is zoned for 4 to 5 units per acre. Thus. under a build out scenario. the Village could accommodate about 1, 139 new households. or 2,779 new residents, bringing the total population to over 3,700 people (see Table 9.8). Douglas also has nearly 50 acres of vacant, industrially zoned land-the highest amount in the trt-community area. Thirty-three acres are available for commercial development. POLICY IMPLICATIONS The future land use plan projects that given current population growth trends, Douglas will need only about 37 acres of residential land. Thus, the Village is far from meeting its capacity for residential development, as well as commercial or industrial use. This wealth of land combined with the availability of utilities and proximity to commercial services make Douglas an ideal site for development of an industrial park and affordable housing. This is s.tgnificant in light of the widely expressed need by both officials and citizens for additional jobs, families with children (in terms of the shrinking school enrollments), and affordable housing in the area. T.ABLE9.2 PROJECTED POPULATION 1970-1980 TREND COMMUN11Y Saugatuck Saugatuck Township Dou~as AREAWIDE 1970 1,022 1,254 813 3,089 1980 1990 1,079 1,753 948 3,780 1,163 2,074 1,061 4,298 2000 2010 1,254 2,454 1,187 4,895 1,352 2,904 1,328 5,584 TABLE 9.3 PROJECTED NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS COMMUNTIY Saugatuck Saugatuck Township Douglas AREAWIDE POP. 2010 1,352 2,904 1,328 5,584 HHSIZE # HHs 1980 HHs NEWHHs 2.00 2.69 2.44 676 1,080 544 2.300 537 633 391 1,561 139 447 153 739 Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �9-4 TABLE9.5 NEW HOUSEHOLDS BY DENSITY TYPE TABLE 9.4 PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION BY DENSITY TYPE COMMUNITY LOW Saugatuck Twp. 80% Saugatuck 40% Douglas 5% MEDIUM HIGH 100/o 10% 20% 25% 40% 70% HOUSEHOLDS MED. HIGH TOTAL LOW COMMUNTIY Saugatuck Douglas SaUJ!atuck Twp. AREAWIDE 56 8 358 421 56 107 45 207 28 38 45 111 139 153 447 739 Totals are based on unrounded figures. TABLE9.6 FUTURE RESIDENTIAL LAND NEEDS COMMUNTIY LOW TABLE9.7 AVAILABLE ACREAGE BY LAND USE TYPE ACREAGE* MED. HIGH TOTAL Saugatuck Douglas Saugatuck 24 4 205 14 26 13 3 4 10 41 34 228 AREAWIDE 234 53 17 303 ACREAGE IND. COMM. COMMUNTIY Saugatuck Douglas Sa.1.1,!!atuck1wp_ TOTAL ACRES 3 33 155 191 0 49 22 71 RES. 135 197 5,950 6,282 *times 1.25 (20¾> allowance for rights-of-way) Totals are based on unrounded figures. TABLE9.8 POPULATION 2010: BUILD OUT SCENARIO UNDER ZONING IN EFFECT COMMUNITY Saugatuck Douglas Sa, 1gat,rlc'Iwp. AREAWIDE ADDITIONAL HOUSEHOLDS 330 1,139 16,413 17,882 AVERAGE HHSIZE 2.00 2.44 2.69 In the 1988 Public Opinion Survey. 52.4% of Village respondents felt that apartments and 60.6% felt that detached single-family homes in the $50-$70,000 range are needed now. Yet the majority ofrespondents (41.8%) opposed lowering the minimum residential square footage requirement to make housing more affordable. However, the existing requirement of 1000 square feet is not excessive. Other strong preferences of Village citizens as revealed in the 1988 Public Opinion Survey are: • maintain the scenic. small town character of the Village; • no strip commercial development: • small commercial shopping centers off of major roads: • preserve open space along the waterfront; ADDITIONAL POPUIATION PRESENT POPUIATION 660 2,779 44,151 47,590 1,079 948 1.753 3,780 TOTAL POPUIATION 1,739 3,727 45.904 51,370 • protect the environment by prohibiting development of dunes and wetlands; • additional waterfront condominiums are not needed (81.4% of Village respondents). The majority of respondents felt that future commercial development is most appropriate along Blue Star Highway (66-71%) and at the freeway interchanges. Village respondents listed fast food restaurants as their top commercial land use priority for Blue Star Highway. E. Center St. in Douglas was the preferred location for future neighborhood commercial development. Priorities for downtown Douglas include more businesses oriented to the needs of residents, historic preservation, flowers and landscaping, a waterfront park, and dressing up store fronts. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �When asked how underdeveloped waterfront lands 1n Douglas should be used, 81 % felt that it should be acquired and preserved as open space. Alternatively, 80-90% opposed developing it with condominiums. Polieies to achieve the public's development objectlves are included in Chapter 1, and the Future Land Use Plan in Chapter 10. Regulatory tools, such as zoning, subdtvtsion regulations, and site plan review must be amended to insure consistency with this plan and the comprehensiVe plan of each jurisdiction. �N A • • • • 0 800 1 600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft • • • 0 ~ ~ II r-::: MAP9.1 RESIDENTALCONSTRUCTION PERMITS Douglas [!] Residential Construction Permits 1980-1988 Al.l;USt 1989 DATA SOURCE: Douglas Building Permi18 Planning & Zoning Center Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A 0 800 1600 2400 Scale 1" = 1748 ft MAP10.2 ENTRVPOINTS [• I Douglas Entry Points E:} Minor Entry Points August 1989 DATA SOURCE: Planning 6 Zoning Cenler Inc, Lansing, Ml �10-1 Chapter 10 FUTURE LAND USE ood land use planning is essential to the future quality of life of the trt-community area. Future land use arrangements are difficult to predict and guide to achieve desired results. A future land use map and plan embodies local land use goals, objectives, and policies and provides one land use scenario which a community may use as a physical guide. Goals and policies. in tum, provide the policy guide for land use and development decisions. The future land use map accompanying this chapter seeks to anticipate community land use needs for 20-30 years (see Map 10.1). These future land use arrangements are based on information in the preceding chapters which includes analyses of exi.Stlng land use. impacts of area trends, projected future land uses needs if current trends continue. and the relationship of land use activities to the natural resource base. All proposals are intended to be consistent with the goals. objectives. and policies presented in Chapter 1 (which were created With substantial public input). Many factors could intervene that would require reevaluation of certain arrangements or the entire plan. For example. if a large mix.ed use development (e.g. 1000 single family units plus some commercial) were built or if a large single employer would enter the scene (e.g. an auto manufacturing facility) then land use arrangements in thiS plan must be reexamined. A few key planning and design principles were used to evaluate alternative land use arrangements. With slightly different trends and projections. application of the same principles could lead to different conclusions and different land use arrangements. However. these differences would be related to the amount of particular land uses more than their location or relative relationships to adjoining uses. Likewise. there are many areas in which alternative land use arrangements would be satisfactory providing they remained in keeping with these basic planning principles. Consequently, it is crucial that this plan be regularly reviewed and updated at least once each five years to insure its continued relevance in planning for future land use needs. G PLANNING AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES Future land use arrangements were determined based on compatibility with surrounding land uses, natural capacity of the land for particular uses. and necessary infrastructure improvements. These land use arrangements can be refined into timed and sequenced development areas. once some key decisions concerning the provision of sewer and water services are made. The following planning and design principles are the technical foundation (or rationale) in support of the proposed land use arrangements graphically depicted on Map 10.1. Map 10.1 depicts generalized land use. which is partially reflected through mapping of zoning districts. The planning principles listed above are implemented primarily through wrung regulations and applied during the site plan review process. These principles are consistent with the goals, objectives. and policies in Chapter 1 and should remain the basis for reviewing any subsequent changes to the proposed Future Land Use Map. These planning principles are: • Protection of Public Health and Safety • Conservation of Natural Resources • Environmental Protection • Minimizing Public Service Costs • Efficiency and Convenience in Meeting Land Use Needs • Insuring Compatibility Between Land Uses (Nuisance Prevention) Often a land use decision based on one principle also advances another. For example, prevention of filling or construction on floodplainS protects public health and safety. conserves natural resources, protects the environment, and minimizes public service costs (especially for relief efforts). It may also create a valuable buffer or open space between uses and hence help insure compatibility. Protection of Public Health and Sqfety Key situations in which this principle is applied include: Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �10-2 • avoiding construction in areas which present natural hazards. In the Village these include areas too close to the Lake Michigan shoreline at high risk from erosion from coastal wave action; floodplains; saturated soils and wetlands; soils not well suited for support of foundations or safe disposal of septic wastes; and steep slopes. • avoiding construction where an intensive land use activity is not adequately serviced by all weather public access; • avoiding construction in areas with soils contaminated by hazardous and/ or toxic waste. Conseroation ofNatural Resources Failure to consciously protect nonrenewable natural resources exposes a community to unbridled destruction of those resources which are the foundation for an area's character and quality of life. Conservation of natural resources usually focuses on: land, water. minerals, certain soils (such as prime farmland), wetlands. sand dunes, areas supporting an abundance and diversity of wildlife, and unique forested lands. Areas where the land and the water meet are the most important. Indiscriminate land subdivision frequently reduces the size or alters the shape of land, thereby compromising the resource value and production potential of those lands. These changes also reflect lost opportunities- usually higher public service costs and gradual degradation of an area's tourism potential. Environmental Protection This principle aims at preventing pollution, impairment. or destruction of the environment. While there is considerable overlap with natural resource conservation issues, environmental protection measures focus primarily on air and water quality, and the impact of activities where the water meets the land. Environmental quality is best preserved by planning for appropriate land use activities in and near sensitive environmental areas. and managing development accordingly. This usually means insuring conformance with all applicable federal, state and local environmental regulations. Minimi.zing Public Service Costs Public service costs may be min.fmized by encouraging new land uses where existing infrastructure is not used to capacity and where expansion can be most economically supplied. This also results in compact settlement patterns, prevents sprawl, and is usually favored by taxpayers because it results in the lowest public service costs both for construction and maintenance. Efficiency and Convenience in Meeting Land Use Needs To be efficient in meeting future land use needs, communities must make better use of existing infrastructure and plan for infrastructure expansion in a manner which keeps the costs low and does not create huge areas where infrastructure will not be fully used for many years. It also means locating future land uses so that travel between activity centers is minimized. For example: building schools. neighborhood commercial activities, day care facilities, fire and police protection. etc. near the residential areas they serve. This saves municipal costs on initial road construction and future maintenance, reduces evexyone's gasoline expenditures, and conserves fossil fuel supplies for future use. Insuring Compatibility Between Land Uses A central objective of land use planning is to locate future land uses so that they are compatible with one another. This prevents future nuisance situations between adjacent land uses, such as loud sounds, ground vibrations, dust, bright lights. restricted air flow. shadows. odors. traffic, and similar impacts. A few obvious examples of incompatible land uses include factories, drive-in establishments, or auto repair facilities adjacent to single family homes. With proper planning, land uses can be tiered to buffer impacts and orderly development can occur. Examples include: commercial service establishments on highway frontage with backlot wholesale, storage, or office uses abutting a residential area; or single family residential uses adjacent to park and recreation areas. COMMUNITY CHARACTER When applying the above planning principles to new development proposals, one of the key considerations is compatibility with the character of existing development in an area. To describe the character of Douglas. many descriptive words and phrases come to mind. among them: quiet. friendly, clean, small, aesthetically pleasing, bountiful natural assets, and good location. Several Public Opinion Surveys in the past three years have revealed the Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �10-3 following three factors as among the most important reasons why people like Douglas: small town atmosphere, quiet town and friendly people. respectively. There is a very strong identiflcation on the part of the residents with the character of their Village. Douglas can be described as being both a resort, residential and year round residential community which for the most part has avoided commercial oriented tourism. Two surveys two years apart indicate that this is the way most residents would like it to remain. DEVELOPMENT Although Douglas is a small community (approximately 2 square miles). over 50 percent of its land is still undeveloped. This makes the residents sensitive to the quantity and type of development that could occur there. Without proper land development regulation, the character of the community could be signiflcantly changed. In a 1986 survey. almost 70 percent of those responding felt that development in the Village should be encouraged. Yet, residents overwhelmingly still want the community to remain like a small village. In residential development, affordable single-family homes and apartments were the preferred types, with waterfront condos and mobile homes receiving the highest response as not being needed. More industrial development was supported with 68.9 percent of those responding that it was needed in a 1986 survey, but fewer than half so indicating in a 1988 survey. However. the 1988 survey did reveal that over half of the respondents (56%) favored spending tax dollars to stimulate economic development. The need for more commercial development and services was also clearly indicated with Blue Star Highway and East Center Street being the preferred locations. TOURISM A strong tourist oriented character is something that it appears most Douglas residents would like to prevent. The increased activity and congestion that go with successful tourism are characteristics which are directly opposed to the existing quiet town atmosphere. This is not an anti-tourism sentiment, rather it is one which opposes the transformation of the existing character of the Village to one dominated by tourism rather than one where tourists are served as a part of other commercial acttvities in the Village. YEAR ROUND EMPLOYMENT/ INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT Historically. Douglas has had very little industrial development and has been primarily a community with residential and commercial development. This situation has reduced the potential for year round employment and has made the attraction of new families into Douglas more dtlTicult. The signiflcance of this trend is that the Village could become even more seasonal and retirement oriented than it already is. This in turn would reduce the capacity of existing commercial businesses to operate year round and further hinder the delivery of certain services such as education. Some new industrial development is both needed and desirable. BLENDING THE RESORT AREAS WITH THE YEAR ROUND COMMVNITY There will always be a division within the community between resort and seasonal areas and year-round areas. The recognition of the importance of both and fair representation of both in community decision making will be an ongoing challenge in making future land use and infrastructure decisions. Achieving and maintaining a balance will be the key to long term success. The mapping of future land use is a logical extension of the goals and policies stated in this Plan. A land use is the primary purpose for which a parcel of land is occupied. The plan is designed to promote orderly development and ensure that appropriate areas are available for all classes of land uses anticipated to be needed within the Village during the planning period (roughly 20 years) and based on existing trends. The future land use plan promotes orderly development in a number of other ways. Home owners can invest in their properties with protection from the intrusion and congestion of undesirable uses in the neighborhood. Overcrowding can be avoided. The Village and utility companies can adequately plan for the services needed in developing areas and ensure that adequate land has been reserved within the Village for all necessary uses. Each of the major classes of future land use are described below. Descriptions of various geographic areas or neighborhoods are also provided to give a greater depth of understanding to the land uses depicted on Map 10. 1. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �10-4 DEVELOPMENT .AND CONSERVATION AREAS The extensive water resources and other natural assets are at the top of the list as the reasons why Douglas Is such a desirable place in which to live. Toe actions and policies that are instituted in the future to protect the natural environment will be of utmost importance. The future land use map for the Village was prepared by first identifying conservation areas and then examining the suitability of remaining lands for various development purposes. Conservation areas include sand dunes. wetlands, floodplains, streams, creeks and drains, the Kalamazoo River, Lake Kalamazoo, and areas at high risk of erosion along Lake Michigan. These areas present severe limitations for development and are proposed for very limited future development in keeping with their fragility and importance in buffering Lake Michigan storms, filtering and storing water during periods of flooding, draining stormwater from land, providing habitat for a wide range of plants and animals, and for their wide ranging open space values. Destroying these resources would destroy the essential qualities which continue to attract residents and tourists to the area. These lands should largely be managed to remain in their natural state. Only when other more important public purposes demand it, should these lands be altered or converted to permit another use. If conserved and wisely used, waterways will present a linked natural greenbelt system that continues to enhance the area for years to come. The Village zoning ordinance should be amended to include better conservation of these areas. RESIDENTIAL Residential use will continue to be the predominant developed land use in the Village. The existing residential areas in Douglas provide a rtch and interesting mix of housing sizes, styles and ages. The challenge in the next twenty years will be maintaining the older housing stock and ensuring that the growing ranlcs of part-time residents and absentee owners does not result in housing detertoration. Equally important will be efforts to blend new development with the older character of existing land uses. Douglas has considerable potential for new housing development and has the greatest opportunity of the three Jurtsdictions to encourage the construction of affordable housing, due to available land that is suited for basement construction and the potential to extend sewer and water effi, -!ntly. However, if speculative market forces pro -;ed unabated, then the future residential uses will be high cost condominiums occupied by seasonal residents and in contemporary designs. A large amount of such development would be incompatible with the existing character of the Village. The Public Opinion Survey indicates that 81.4% oppose new condominiums along the Douglas waterfront. If the Saugatuck School Distrtct is to survive with the same breadth of programm!ng and quality it has today, then affordable housing oriented to families must be available. In terms of new construction, affordable housing typically means homes of about 1,000-1,200 square feet. on smaller than average lots, and priced at not more than $70,000. Some public incentives or "write-downs" are typically necessary to alter one of these basic elements. Some housing meeting this definition is being built on large lots in the rural parts of the Township, but not in any significant quantities. Manufactured housing can be built within this price range and if properly designed can meet an important local housing need. There are two mobile home parks in the Village already. However, the Public Opinion Survey revealed nearly 600!6 of the respondents were opposed to new mobile home parks. In light of improved quality and design of new manufactured homes. especially if constructed as double wides with pitched roofs, the Village should investigate encouraging the development of a mobile home subdivision with lot sizes consistent with other developed parts of the Village. Such a subdivision would not be a mobile home park (which may also be needed). Existing state standards for mobile home parks are such that lot sizes are too small to fit with the character of many communities and local governments are without authority to require that they be any larger. However. by failing to provide any place that double wide manufactured homes are encouraged to be built. then the market for such homes can usually only be satisfied in new mobile home parks. A unique opportunity exists for the area communities to take the initiative in providing affordable housing. If plans proceed to acquire the property known as the Jager property. for a new water intake plant, then part of the parcel could also be used for affordable housing. A design competition or specially hired site plan could be arranged to provide for affordable housing in thiS area. The site plan would be required to tier houses by size and type to blend Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �10-5 with existing homes along Lake Shore Drive. The treatment plant could be buffered from the residential area and the land costs paid back through development. New residential construction in the village should be encouraged on soils suitable for basements and served with public sewer and water. COMMERCIAL There will be three primary commercial cen- ters within the tri-community area. Downtown Saugatuck will continue to serve as the major center for commercial tourist activities. This should be encouraged. The shopping area in Douglas along Blue Star and extending down to the freeway interchange should be encouraged to continue to (re)develop with a primary focus on local commercial services and a secondary focus on highway related uses near the interchange. This area needs curbs and gutters and right tum lanes. The buildings. parking and signage on many properties are poorly designed, so any opportunity to improve design. safety. and function should be seized. Additional tourist-oriented retail businesses should be discouraged in this area. and instead redirected to downtown Saugatuck and the original Douglas Village Center. However, additional restaurant. motel and related services would not be inappropriate provided the market was adequate to support them. General business uses like shoe stores, banks, hardware stores, etc .. should be encouraged in the general business area in Douglas and not in interchange areas. INDUSTRIAL The location of the Haworth facility in Douglas is not the best use of that property in the long run (which is commercial). However, it is a well-maintained local company which is a major employer, and without a public effort to relocate it in comparable facilities elsewhere. this plan encourages its continuance. At the same time. the small industrial area south of the mobile home park on the east side of Blue Star should continue to be developed for light industrial activities and should be expanded to the east and south, and possibly to the west across Blue Star as well. Industrial parks are an excellent way to manage future industrial growth. Although they have broad, long-term public benefits (including lower service costs, fewer nuisance impacts. better design, and less environmental impact), industrial parks require a large short-term investment in land and public services. Therefore, it is crucial that studies be conducted to insure that the park could be competitive with others in the area. The Michigan Department of Commerce maintains an inventory of industrial parks through the Statewide Site Network. Only certified industrial par.ks will be included on this list. and thereby be able to effectively compete for new industries. To be certified. industrial parks must be at least 40 acres. a. site plan for the park must be approved, soil ')ortngs must be conducted. infrastructure must be completed. utilities must be installed 300 feet into the park. and protective covenants must be established. AGRICULTURE While agricultural activities used to play a significant role in land use in the Village. except for the MSU research facility such is no longer the case. In light of ample agricultural acreage in the Township and the limited availability of public sewer and water, it is more appropriate that lands which might otherwise be suited for agricultural use in the 0Village, be used for more intensive structural uses. such as single family housing. The raising of farm animals within the Village is also not appropliate in light of the nuisance problems they raise (noise, odors, insects, waste disposal, etc.) for present and future residential use. ENTRY POINTS There are three major entry points into the Village of Douglas. (See Map 10.2). They are: • from Lake Michigan on the Kalamazoo River via Lake Kalamawo • from I-Blue Star Highway at the Kalamazoo River Bridge • from 1-196 at Blue Star Highway Oust south of 129th Street) At the present time, the entries from Lake Michigan and over the Kalamazoo River provide an aesthetic and inviting entry into the Village. The entry from the south along Blue Star Highway is not as good. The public opinion surveys also reflected citizen concern about the appearance of properties along Blue Star Highway. The situation is further harmed by signs along I-196 which fail to inform southbound travelers at exit # 41 that they can access Douglas (only Saugatuck is mentioned) or along southbound Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �10-6 I-196 at exit# 36 which tell travelers that they can access Ganges. but not Saugatuck and Douglas. First impressions are very important in the tourism industry. Attractive entryways help entice tourists into the community and leave a positive impression to encourage future visits. The entry points represent the community and should reflect those qualities which make the area special. Fortunately, these design problems are easily overcome, and with only minimum public investment. A special joint effort to develop alternatives for improving the entry points into all three communities should be initiated. In addition, new land developments in these areas (or changes to existing ones) need to be carefully reviewed to insure that changes enhance (and do not further detract from) the positive image and character that should exist in these areas. FUTURE LAND USE BY AREA Following are brief geographic descriptions of future land use. These descriptions use the same planning areas depicted on Map 5.3. Lake Shore - Resort Residential Area This area should continue to be used for low density single family homes along the lakeshore in keeping with the size and quality of homes presently there. It is anticipated that seasonal vacation homes will continue to be the dominant use. Density will vary within this area, but a minimum lot size of 8,400 feet should be maintained. The proposed water intake facility, if constructed in this part of the Village, should be designed to be compatible with the character and quality of existing homes, and include extensive insulation and buffering techniques to eliminate (to the maximum practical extent) any noise impacts on adjacent homes. Campbell Road & West Center Street Additional single family homes in subdiVisions can be compatibly developed behind existing homes along Lake Shore Drive between Center and Golf View Drive by extending public sewer and water in this area. An effort should be made to maintain existing densities or tier the density of new homes so that no sudden density change occurs. Areas south of the golf course (on both sides of 130th) are similarly suited for residential development. Development under the Planned Unit Development (PUD) concept should be encouraged for this area. Through PUD, development flexibility in design and housing density is allowed to achieve maximum open space. This concept also encourages innovative and imaginative design and efficiency in providing public services. The use of PUD in this area offers the specific advantage that the recreational land and environmentally sensitive areas can be integrated into the development plan and their preseivation enhanced. The PUD concept allows buildings to be clustered through mixtures of housing types such as detached houses, townhouses. and apartments. This mixture of housing types creates fine housing opportunities for households and families of all age groups. Ferry/Blue Star to 129th This planning area is presently characterized by a golf course, a couple of commercial activities. a multiple family use and an industrial concern, along with a lot of vacant and underdeveloped property. Future land use in this area could arguably be encouraged to go several different ways. The golf course property could remain as such or be converted to single family or multiple family residential use in a compatible way. Additional commercial use or expansion of the Haworth facility could occur north of the existing plant. However, such expansion, if it occurred should be carefully scrutinized and restricted to prevent unnecessary impacts on adjoining residential uses to the north. Over time this area should be encouraged to develop for multiple family use. South of 130th on the west side of Blue Star could be developed for commercial on the Blue Star frontage and medium to high density residential behind it in order to be compatible with the Township future land use plan. However, it would also not be inappropriate for the industrial area on this side of the road to expand to the quarter section line in compliment to the industrial area under development on the east side of Blue Star. The likelihood of this occurring is not great however, due to significant soil limitations in this area. The small residential area that is landlocked from the rest of the Township should be annexed into the Village at the first opportunity. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan 17(\ �10-7 • • South of East 130th and East of South Blue Star There are presently two existing mobile home parks and the emerging light industrial park in this area. The residential activity should be encouraged to expand east to the pond. Typical development in this area could include mobile home parks, duplexes, and garden style apartments not to exceed three habitable stories. This area is suited for higher density activity because of its location along major arterial roads which can accommodate the heavier traffic flow. It can also act as a buffer use between single-family residential development to the north and the light industrial area to the south. Individual multiple-family uses should be designed with a landscaped buffer or open space where abutting single family residential uses. The area south to the Village limits should be used for light industrial activity. Light industrial development that will provide year round employment and thereby contribute to and stabilize an exiSting economy that suffers somewhat from seasonal business, should be targeted to locate in this area. The location chosen for this area was based on its access to the Blue Star Highway (U.S. 31) and its close proximity to the interchange for I-196. For industrial uses locating in this area, it is recommended that an industrial park design concept be used. An effort to insure quality design of the fronts of such buildings. with deep landscaped setbacks, minimal signage and no front yard parking should be initiated to both improve and enhance this major entrance into the Village. Blue Star Commercial Area This area is intended to provide opportunities for a full range of commercial uses. Grocery, hardware, clothing, pharmaceutical, hairdressing, bank and similar businesses should characterize this area. It is not an appropriate location for boat and vehicle storage or similar warehousing activities. Office development would also be acceptable in this area. Larger merchandisers should be encouraged to locate here because there is opportunity for smaller retail outlets or service establishments to locate in the Village Center Commercial area and also because the highway can better accommodate the larger volume of traffic that is generated by larger retail stores. No industrial uses should be allowed in this area. This area should be encouraged to develop in clusters of general business activity in small commercial complexes with shared parking facilities. The parking should be off of the street and gained via much better defined access. Curb, gutter and sidewalks should be provided through this area. The properties extending down West Center Street to Ferry Street could be commercially developed, but should be less intensively used than the properties along Blue Star. They should also be designed to blend With the character of residences in the area. This entire area deserves more refined study than this plan is able to undertake at this time. A lot-by-lot corridor analysis and access redesign plan should be prepared. Significant improvement to both the aesthetic quality and function of this area could be accomplished if a special plan for the corridor were prepared. East 130th Street This area has significant potential for new residential development west of Schultz Park. As long as the wetlands and floodplain along Tanner Creek are respected, very interesting subdivisions or planned unit development could occur. No lots should be allowed to be established that are unbuildable under existing DNR or Army Corps of Engineers wetland regulations and local zoning. The area that backs up to the Village Center should either be buffered by the existing woods or an effort should be made to insure compatibility in structure type between new residences in this area and the existing character of Village Center homes. This area is not well suited for either commercial or industrial development. Eventual housing unit density for this area Will be only slightly lower than in the Village Center Residential neighborhood. The recommended average density for these areas is two to three dwelling units per net acre with a minimum lot size of 8,400 square feet. Linear form residential development along 130th should be prohibited. Village Center Residential This area represents the older more established neighborhoods immediately surrounding the Village Center Commercial (downtown). Housing in this area for the most part is architecturally similar with most homes being built pre-1950. Housing density generally ranges between one and three units per net acre. It is also within this area where homes offering potential Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �10-8 for historic preservation can be found. The area also has some development potential. This development could occur in three ways: 1) existing vacant lots could be developed, 2) the second lot of a double lot could be sold off and developed, and 3) existing housing stock could be improved and expanded. Recommendations for this area are as follows: • Maintain an average density of three or four dwelling units per net acre while maintaining a minimum lot size of 7,920 feet. • All new housing development should be required to hook into the Village water and sewer system. • All new development should be encouraged to maintain a similar architectural theme With existing housing in the area. • Housing rehabilitation and historic preservation efforts should be focused on this area. Strong efforts will be necessary to retain the charm and ambiance of the old Village Center. A housing code enforcement program should be considered to insure the safety and habitability of the old homes in the area. An inventory, maintenance and replanting program for the aging trees should be initiated. Sidewalk repairs, replacement and installation are badly needed in some blocks. No nonresidential activity should be permitted outside of the Village Center Commercial area, except perhaps along the waterfront, and then only if compatible with adjacent uses. Expansion and improvement of public land along the waterfront here should be initiated whenever possible. Ultimately a pedestrian and/or bikepath connecting the Village Center with Schultz Park along the waterfront should be considered. Village Center Commercial This is the original commercial area of the Village. While it no longer performs many of the functions that it once did. it still plays a valuable role and should be maintained. The several vacant lots should be developed for new commercial. Small retail and service establishments such as restaurants. specialty shops, barber shops, bakeries, government and other small offices are appropriate here. New buildings should be of a style that is compatible with existing structures in the area. The exterior of the Township Hall should be better maintained and the Lodge (Town Hall) should be acquired by the Village and its historic character restored. The upstairs could be properly rehabilitated into offices for municipal use, or leased to local professionals. The Village office space is too small and should be expanded into the area being vacated by the fire equipment. A conference room is badly needed. Second floor space above existing commercial establishments should be made available for residential use provided that all building code requirements are met. Harbor.front This area is well suited for a combination of multiple-family residential. commercial and recreational uses. Because of its high values stemming from its waterfront location, development should be restricted to a specific blend of uses and design to preserve and enhance its unique character in the community. Recommendations for this area are as follows: 1. Multiple-family development should be clustered on the western portion and on the southern one-quarter of this area. It should be limited in height so as to not block the lake view by backlot properties. It should be tucked into the hill as much as possible and designed to enhance the natural setting rather than detract from it. 2. A bonus system should be considered that would allow higher than normal densities on certain areas of a site in exchange for retaining an increased amount of open space as common space or for general public use on other areas of the site. 3. A pedestrian/bike path available for public use should be developed in close proximity to the waterfront. This path could be developed in conjunction with the already existing private road or be placed right along the waterfront. 4. Use of the Planned Unit Development concept should be encouraged for this area. 5. Boat cradle storage would be more appropriately located elsewhere. 6. The private road presently servicing the Harborfront should be improved and dedicated to the Village. 7. A parking lot for cars and trailers adequate to meet the needs of marina users should be constructed so as to blend into the natural land form as much as feasible. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �10-9 8. Any recreational use which is not disruptive to the residential community along the Harborfront should be allowed. 9. The eastern end should remain free of any structures tall enough to block the view of the Lake from Blue Star Highway. The old platted but never developed public streets north of the Kewatin should be improved to the width of the rtght-of-way and utilized to establish a public parking and viewing area to take advantage of this, the single best view of Lake Kalamazoo. The parking area should provide for auto and trailer space. The Spencer Street end at the waterfront should be improved to establish a public boat launching area. A small amount of additional land may need to be acquired to permit adequate vehicular access and viewing. 10. Additional martna development, if any, should be restrtcted to the west end and middle portion of the property, not extend into the Lake any further than the existing dock line and be setved by more than one point of access. Whether additional dockage should be developed will be dependent upon an analysis of dockage on Lake Kalamazoo at the time of the proposal, and in consideration of the factors discussed in Chapter Eight Waterfront. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan I, ' ' ' ' �Douglas ■ Village Center Commercial mm~I lndUstrial Floodplain/Wetland ■ Recreation Planning & Zoning Center, Inc, Lansing, Ml �N A 0 700 1400 Village of Douglas FUTURE LAND USE 2100 Scale 1" = 1438' ........................ .·- ....................... . �11-1 Chapter 11 INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION B ~ y itself this plan has no legal regulatory force but rather. serves as a foundation upon which regulatory measures are based. The two primary land use regulatory documents which are also the principal means of implementation of this plan. are the zoning ordinance and subdMsion control regulations. These regulatory instruments are described in the next chapter. However. effective integration of this Plan will also require an ongoing commitment to intergovernmental cooperation with Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township. In particular, the Joint Plan prepared concurrently with this one should be implemented as steadfastly and also kept current with comprehensive reviews at least once each five years. It will also be very important to make every effort to keep Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township officials informed of proposed changes to this Plan or any of its regulatory instruments (such as zoning) and to encourage their input prtor to such a change being made. Likewise, those jurisdictions should be encouraged to reciprocate with proposals and an opportunity for review by the Village of Douglas prtor to action on any change which may impact on the Village. A copy of this Plan and any amendments to it will be filed with the clerk of each of these jurtsdictions, as well as with the County Clerk. the County Planning Commission, the County Economic Growth Alliance. the West Michigan Regional Planning CommiSsion, and Department of Natural Resources. Ongoing efforts to consolidate additional public services such as police and possibly public works should be continued where mutually beneficial. Likewise. efforts to convert the Kalamazoo Lake Sewer & Water Authority into a truly independent authortty should be continued. This would take it outside of political influence in day-to-day administration. Likewise. at some point. additional consideration should be given to consolidation of all governmental services into a single unit of government. A formal analysis of costs and benefits of consolidation may reveal the benefit of this alternative. See the additional thoughts in this regard in Chapter 12. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �12-1 Chapter 12 STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION PRIMARY IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS Relationship to Zoning Toe Village of Douglas has a zoning ordinance adopted pursuant to the City-Village Zoning Act, PA 207 of 1921. The intent of that ordinance is to regulate the use of land to provide for orderly growth and development and allow the integration ofland uses without creating nuisances. The wrung ordinance defines land use districts and regulates height. bulk, use, area oflot to be covered, and open space to be preserved within each district. Because the Zoning Enabling Act requires the wning ordinance be based upon a Plan and this Plan, prepared by the Planning Commission. has been prepared to guide future land use decisions, the zoning ordinance should be revised to reflect this Plan's new goals, policies, and future land use proposals. However, the zoning district map and the future land use map (10.1) will not be identical. The zoning map typically reflects existing land use (where it is desirable to continue it) and small areas zoned for more intensive use then at present. The future land use map reflects land use arrangements at some future time. (See Section 10.10, p. 245-250, Michigan Zoning & Planning, 3rd Ed., by Clan Crawford, ICLE, Ann Arbor, 1988). The Village should continue to maintain a formal site plan review process. Through this process applicants, in order to obtain wrung approval. must submit plans which clearly indicate how their development proposals will change and affect both the parcel of land being developed as well as surrounding properties. It iS recommended that all commercial and industrial development. as well as all subdivisions. multiple family housing, planned unit developments. and other development requiring more than five (5) parking spaces, undergo site plan review. In addition, the zoning ordinance and fee structures should be amended to pennit the Village to require developers of new commercial and industrial uses and all proposed multi-family developments to pay into an escrow fund to be used for payment of professional review fees by engineers, planners and attorneys (if neces- sary). Unused escrowed dollars would be returned: Relationship To Plans/Zoning In Aclj'acent Jurisdictions The land use proposals in this plan were carefully prepared with an eye to ensuring comp a U b ili ty with those of Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township. Equal care should be taken in the future to seek and receive comment on proposals that are on or near a border from an adjoining jurisdiction. Failure to do so will only insure future conflict over adjacent land uses, or the provision of new public services. Relationship to Subdivision Regulations The Village of Douglas adopted subdivision regulations Dec. 7, 1987. The enabling legislation that pennits the enactment of such regulations is Public Act 288 of 1967, also known as the Subdivision Control Act of 1967. ThiS Act allows a community to set requirements and design standards for streets, blocks, lots. curbs, sidewalks, open spaces, easements, public utilities, and other associated subdivision improvements. With the implementation of a subdivision ordinance there is added assurance that development will occur in an orderly manner. The Village of Douglas should consider amending the subdivision and zoning regulations to prohibit the establishment oflots which would be unbuildable under existing state or local regulations (such as lots which are wholly within a protected wetland). Relationship to Capital Improvements In its basic form. a CIP is a complete list of all proposed public improvements planned for a 6 year period (the time span may vary). including costs. sources of funding, location, and priority. The CIP outlines the projects that will replace or improve existing facilities, or that will be necessary to serve current and projected land use development within a community. Advanced planning for public works through the use of a CIP assures more effective and economical capital expenditures, as well as the provision of public works in a timely man- Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �12-2 ner. The use of capital improvements programming can be an effective tool for implementing the comprehensive plan by gMng priority to those projects which have been identified in the Plan as being most important to the future development and well being of the community. The Village Planning Commission should develop a formal capital improvement program. Land Use & Irifrastructure Policies A strong effort will be necessary to coordi- nate future capital improvement decisions and land use policies with adjoining units of government. As a result. proposed policy changes should be circulated for comment early. Likewise, proposed capital improvement programs should be prepared with adequate time for review and comment by the adjoining jurisdictions. Community Participation And Education In order to gain the support. acceptance. and input of area residents for future planning, ongoing efforts should be continued to provide information to them, and involve them in the planning process. The importance of their role in that process should be emphasized. Public acceptance will make the implementation of plans much easier and public input makes plans better and more responsive to local needs. SPECIAL AREA & FINANCING TECHNIQUES Building and Property Maintenance Codes BOCA (Building Officials and Code Administrators International. Inc.) is the basic building code adopted by the Village to regulate construction methods and materials. The adoption and enforcement of a building code is important in maintaining safe, high quality housing and in minimizing deteriorating housing conditions which contribute to blight within neighborhoods. This should be continued. The Village should consider adopting a basic property maintenance code to regulate blighting influences which result from failure to properly maintain property and structures. A standard code such as the BOCA Basic Housing - Property Maintenance Code or a locally developed code could be adopted. Community Development Block Grant Program The Community Development Block Grant program was authorized under Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974. The Act had the effect of combining several federal categorical grants such as Urban Renewal and Model Cities into one. Grants under the program must principally benefit low and moderate income families. In Michigan there are two categories of eligible applicants: entitlement and non-entitlement. Entitlement communities, by meeting specific eligibility criteria. are given grant funds outright without having to compete for them. Non-entitlement applicants must compete for grant funds by applying through the Michigan Small Cities Community Development Block Grant Program. The Village of Douglas is not an entitlement community. Therefore, it must apply through the Small Cities Program. Operation of the Michigan CDBG Program is the responsibility of the Michigan Department of Commerce with central program administration by the Department's Office of Federal Grant Management (OFGM). The Department of Commerce has entered into an agreement with the Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA) assigning administrative responsibilities for the housing component of the program. In the housing area. samples of grant eligible actMties include: • Home Improvement Programs • Rental Rehabilitation Programs • Weatherization and Energy Conservation • Home Repair for the Elderly • Public Improvement in conjunction with targeted housing activity (limited to 25 percent of grant request) • Housing Related Services • Housing for the Homeless. The maximum grant amount is $250,000. By applying and obtaining a Small Cities Block Grant, the Village alone. or in concert with Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township could establlsh a housing rehabilitation program which would help preserve housing throughout the area. The CDBG program also has the following categories of assistance: • Base Industrial Loan program helps financially viable businesses needing financial assistance for growth. modernization, or expansion. Limit $750,000). Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �12-3 • Commercial Retail Loan program is for commercial, services. tourism. and other non-residential projects; and minority owned and retail projects in distressed communities. Limit $400,000. • Public Infrastructure Assistance program funds public improvements for the location and expansion of public infrastructures. Limit $750,000. • Downtown Development program provides financing to assist businesses in the redevelopment of the downtown area. Limit $500,000 or $300,000 for infrastructure improvement. • Communities in Transition program funds community development activities, such as public sewer and water systems, parks, bridges, roads, and comprehensive redevelopment planning. Limit $400,000. • Emergency Community Assistance program funds communities experiencing an imminent and urgent threat to public health, safety, or welfare which occurred within 90 days of application. Limit: $500,000. Downtown Development Authority - Act 197ofl975 This Act permits a city, village, or township to establish a nonprofit development corporation called a Downtown Development Authority (DDA) with broad powers, including those of taxation and bonding, to focus on revitalization and development within established "downtown" boundaries. The Act gives an authority broad powers with regard to the planning and development of the downtown district. It may engage in downtown planning, promote housing and public facility developments. and economic development projects. Operating revenues may be raised through public and private contributions or through properties the DDA may control. With the approval of the municipal governing body. an ad valorem tax may be levied on real and tangible personal property within the downtown district. Capital financing may be raised in a number of ways: • A DDA may issue revenue bonds. These, with municipality approval, may be secured by "the full faith and credit" of the municipality. • A DDA can request the municipality to borrow money and issue notes in anticipation of collected taxes. • A DDA, with municipality approval, may create a "tax increment jinaneing plan" in which it devotes projected increases in future tax revenues from increased assessed valuation in the project area - "captured assessed value" - for repayment of debts incurred in making selected public improvements. Revenue bonds are issued in anticipation of future revenue. Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA) Programs To help preserve Michigan's older existing housing, Public Act 130 was passed in 1977 to allow MSHDA to begin a home improvement loan program that offers reduced interest rates to eligible low and moderate income families. MSHDA has created the Home Improvement. Neighborhood Improvement and Community Home Improvement Programs (HIP/NIP/CHIP). To get a loan. residents should apply to one of the banks, savings and loans, or credit unions that take part in HIP /NIP/ CHIP. Land and Water Conservation Fund The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) grant program was authorized by Public Law 88-578, effective January 1, 1965. The purpose of the program is to provide federal funds for acquisition and development of facilities for outdoor recreation. The LWCF Program is administered jointly by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. All political subdivisions of the state, including school districts, are eligible to participate in the program. Eligible projects include: 1. Acquisition of land for outdoor recreation, including additions to existing parks, forest lands, or wildlife areas. 2. Development including, but not limited to such facilities as: picnic areas, beaches, boating access. fishing and hunting facilities, winter sports areas. playgrounds. ballfields, tennis courts, and trails. For development grants, the applicant must have title to the site in question. The minimum grant allowable is $10,000 and the maximum grant allowable is $250,000. For all grant proposals, the amount of the grant cannot exceed more than 50 percent of the total project cost. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �ta◄ Mfcldgcm Natural Resoun:es Trust Fund "111e Kammer Recreatlonal Land Trust Fund iAct of 1976 fP'ub:UC Act 204) was passed by the M1dligan Legislature and sJgned by the GoverDrr.on July 23 1976. ThlsAct created the Mich1gatl Land Trust Fund. The purpose of the pzqp-am was to provide a source of funds for publlc accp.dsWon mrecreational lands. Funds accrued from the sale of oil. gas and mineral leases and royalties from oil. gas. and mineral ext::ractlen& on state lands. On November 6. 1984. Michigan resJdents cast their v.ote ln favor of Proposal B. ThJs con~ amencbnent created the MichJgan Natural Resowces Trust Fund (MNRrF) and ~ that oil. gas. and other mineral lease and royalty payments be placed into the Fund. With proceeds used to acquire land or rights in Ja8d for recreation uses or for protection of the laud because oftts environmental Jmportance or Its IICOAic beauty. and to develop publk recreaflon fadJlttes.. The 14tcbtgan Legtslature passed the MtchiganNat.uw Resourees Trust Fund Act of 1985 (Public Act 101) to Implement the amendm,mt. 111e MNRI'F oftldaJly replaced the M(Qbjgantand Tl:µstFund on October 1. 1985. .Aa#'indMdual. group. otgamzation. or untt gl' ~ [ may sul».nlt a land acquiSltion ~ but only units ofgovemment can take We n, and twuiage the land. Only units of ~ t i t can submit deYelopment proposals. ~ ~ for local grants must include a ~ lhatob or at least 25 percent of the total ~ d f . . 'lben ts nornmnnvm orrnaxtrrnrm . . . . . .fan proJeda; for development pro- :!;i ii•~fuodb1g~ls$15.000. is $750..QPO. !l'I l'ta'lt """4 -~IIQl,l.1ntatFund ..,.._~ • •; · : :· : .. .•- by.the flle(Jaw- .,.PIANd_, Mldl~ TABLE 12.1 RECREATION FACD..rl'IES & THEIR MINIMUM NUMBER OR SIZE NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE MINIMUM POINTS RECREATION FACILI1Y Bicycle Trail Playground SwunrnJng Beach Boat Launch Campground Non-motor1zed Trail Cross-country Ski Hildng Nature Horse Fishing Access Fishing Piers Nature Area MINIMUM SIZE 1 mile 3 pcs. of play equipment 50feet 5 parking spaces 10 campsites 1/2 mile 50feet 1 10 acres NOTE: Points arc not to be awarded ~!ifor cross-counuy ski trails, nature trails, and ill trails. 1bcae trails arc to be conatden:d as one ty. Source: DNR, Mlclwran's 1987-88 Recreation Action Prop-am Guidebook • eluding school districts) in acquiring land or rights to land for recreational uses. protecting land because of its environmental importance or scenic beauty, and developing public recrea- tional facilities. Any individual. group, organization. or unit of government may submit a land acquiSltlon proposal, but only units ofgovernment may take tltle to and manage the land. Only units of government may submit development proposals. All proposals for local grants must include a local match of at least 25 percent of the total project cost. 'lbcre ts Dll mtolmum or maxnnum for acqwsWon pr(?jects; for development proJeeta. the mtnhanrnfumttng teQUest Js $15,000, flao~ $87~4)()(). �12-5 The Recreation Bond Fund Recreation Improvement Fund The Recreation Bond Fund draws from bonds approved by voters in 1988. It calls for money to be spent on DNR and local recreation facilities in four categortes: Recreation infrastructure: such as ballfields, tennis courts, beaches and other shoreline areas, boat launches, trails, picnic areas, historic structures, playgrounds, roads. parking. restrooms. etc., which are not less than 15 years old; Waterfront recreation: such as fishing piers, boardwalks, boat launches, marinas, amphitheaters, landscaping. and shoreline stabilization; Community recreation: playgrounds. sportsfields, community centers, senior centers, fishing sites. and trails for the handicapped; Tourism-enhancing recreation: including campgrounds, boating facilities, historical sites, recreational conversion of abandoned rights-ofway, and fishing access. In its statewide inventory of recreational facilities, the DNR has identified Allegan County as deficient in a number of recreational facilities. Those relevant for the trt-community area include deficiencies in bicycle trails, fishing access, fishing piers, boat launches, campgrounds, nature areas, hiking trails, nature trails, cross country ski trails, picnic areas, and playgrounds. Allegan County communities with proposals for such projects will get funding priority over similar projects proposed in nondeficient counties. Table 12.1 includes the minimum number or size of selected recreation facilities to be considered toward bond funding. Grant requests may not exceed $750,000 and may not be less than $15,000. Applicants must match bond funds with 25% of the total project cost, not including other state grants or legislative appropriations. Bond money will only be allocated to projects on sites controlled by public agencies. In the tourism category. priorities are given to projects which: create new and innovative recreation-related tourtsm attractions: involve partnerships between the public and private sector: and projects for which feasibility studies have been conducted which demonstrate local, regional. and statewide economic benefits. [Applications and further information may be obtained from: DNR, Recreation Services Division, P.O. Box 30028, Lansing, MI 48909 (517) 335-3043.) The Recreation Improvement Fund was created from State fuel tax revenue. About $750,000 per year is being targeted for development of non-motorized trails (hiking, bicycle, cross-country, and nature trails). No application forms or criteria have yet been prepared, but the Recreation Division is encouraging local governments to submit proposals based on local determination of need. location, and financing. Local Facility Development Grants These grants come from a number of funding sources and are available for planning, design, or development of local recreational facilities. The Village of Douglas received $11,000 through this program in FY 1987 -88 for improvement of its boat launch site on Kalamazoo Lake. Land Acquisition Grants Land acquisition grants are available for projects aimed at open space preservation; park creation or expansion: acquisition of environmental resources such as sand dunes. woodlots, or wetland areas: waterfront access sites; and many other land acquisition projects intended for (passive or active) recreational purposes. Waterways Fund The Waterways Division of the Department of Natural Resources offers grants for the purpose of developing public boating facilities. The emphasis is on creating boat access sites and supporting facilities. Road Funds In 1987, three acts were passed to provide a new source of revenue for cities, villages.and county road commissions. The Transportation Economic Development Fund (Act 231 of 1987, as amended), the Road Construction and Improvement Act (Act 233 of 198 7), and the Local Road Improvements and Operation Revenue Act (Act 237 of 1987, as amended). The acts will be :in effect for five years, when they will be reviewed for continuation by the legislature. The Local Road Improvements and Operation Revenue Act authorizes county road commissions to impose a vehicle registration fee and use these funds for road improvements. This Act has had little utility, however, because the fee must be approved by a public vote. Michigan voters in 3 counties rejected proposed fees in the November 1988 election. Many counties chose Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan i �12-6 not to even put it on the ballot, fearing the same result. The Road Construction and Improvement Act (Act 233) provides funding through the transportation economic development fund only to rural counties (less than 400,000 population) with a national lakeshore. national park. or in which 34% or more of the land 1s commercial forest land. Then a portion of the remaining funds are available for use for county, city, and village street improvements. The Transportation Economic Development Fund allocates money for the purposes ofbrtnging county roads to all season highway standards. This is important because heavy trucks can only travel regularly on all season roads. The Transportation Economic Development Act also offers counties, cities, and villages the opportunity to compete for additional funding on special projects with economic development objectives. This competitive grant is awarded by the State Highway Commission. Qualified project categories are listed below: (a) Economic development road projects in any of the following targeted industries: agriculture or food processing; tourism; forestry; high technology research: manufacturing; office centers solely occupied by the owner or not less than 50,000 square feet occupying more than 3 acres of land. (b) Projects that result in the addition of county roads or city or village streets to the state trunk line system. (c) Projects for reducing congestion on county primary and city major streets within urban counties. (d) Projects for development within rural counties on county rural primary roads or major streets within incorporated villages and cities with a population of less than 5,000. PUBLIC WORKS FINANCING In addition to using general fund monies, it is often necessary for a community to bond to raise sufficient funds for implementing substantial publlc improvements. Bonding offers a method of financing for improvements such as water and sewer lines, street construction. sidewalks. and publlc parking facilities. Common municipal bond types include: 1. General Obligation Bonds - full faith and credit pledges, the principal amount bor- rowed plus interest must be repaid from general tax revenues. 2. Revenue Bonds - require that the principal amount borrowed plus interest be repaid through revenues produced from the public works project the bonds were used to finance (often a water or sewer system). 3. Special Assessment Bonds - require that the principal amount borrowed plus interest be repaid through special assessments on the property owners in a special assessment district for whatever public purpose the property owners have agreed (by petition or voting) to be assessed. TAX INCENTIVES The state law permitting communities to provide property tax incentives for industrial development is Act 198. This Act allows a community to provide tax abatements as an incentive for industrial firms which want to renovate existing or build new facilities. ADDmONAL RECOMMENDATIONS Other Planning & Economic Development Assistance The Village Planning Commission should maintain regular communication with the County Planning Commission, with the West Michigan Regional Planning Commission. and with the Allegan County Community Growth Alliance. These organizations should be encouraged to continue their County and region-wide planning and economic development efforts and to share relevant materials with the Village. Likewise a copy of this Plan should be forwarded to each of these agencies when adopted. .Pro-Business Alliance One way to strengthen Douglas's economic development potential is to establish a pro-business exchange in Village government (or Jointly with Saugatuck and Saugatuck Township) modelled after the Michigan Bell Business Retention and Expansion Program. (Douglas is not eligible for participation in the Michigan Bell Business Retention and Expansion program because it is not in a Michigan Bell service area.) A pro-business exchange creates an atmosphere of cooperation which benefits both the business and the community. The role of a pro-business exchange is to assist existing businesses in finding solutions Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan ,,,.......__ �12-7 for their problems (i.e. inadequate parking, expansion or relocation needs, etc.) and help make new businesses feel welcome. The exchange would work with area businesses to determine their needs and appoint an ombudsman to inform new businesses of local services and contacts. Businesses are often not aware of the services available to them or who to contact for more information. A brochure could be prepared which identifies who to contact for information on wrung, construction. planning, utilities, and taxation. The brochure could also identify permit fees, tax and utility rates, and transportation. delivery. freight. health, and financial services available in the area. Poverty The changing economy, higher health care costs, higher literacy and skills requirements for employees, and inflation have seriously hurt the nation's poor, including the elderly on fixed incomes. Social security benefits are the only retirement income for about two-thirds of all American retirees, and an estimated one million Michigan residents have no private or public health insurance. The poor are often overlooked in community development efforts, yet they are the group most in need of public assistance. Over eleven percent of the Village's residents were living below the poverty level in 1980. That's an annual income of less than $3,778 for those under 65, and $3,479 for those 65 and over. The Village should continue to monitor the number of people in poverty through the census counts and work with local churches and nonprofit groups to assist them through food drives, temporary shelters, or other needed services. Collection of Trqf/ic Count Data A more detailed analysis of street and road needs should be undertaken. However, doing so is limited by the lack of any systematic and recent traffic count information. The trt-cornmunity Jurisdictions would greatly benefit from Jointly purchasing the necessary equipment and undertaking specific traffic counts on a regular basis. The cost and training associated with this is minimal compared to the benefit. Blue Star Highway Corridor Study Blue Star Highway from the Kalamazoo River south to the freeway exit has the potential to grow haphazardly under existing zoning regulations. As a result it deserves a more thorough and careful analysiS than has been possible to date. A lot by lot analysis with an emphasis on traffic flow, ingress, egress, bicycle use, pedestrian access, parking, shared access, signs, land use, and the potential impact and appropriate timing for the extension of sewer and water should be initiated. The first and most important step will be the collection of data on traffic flow and traffic generation by road segment. Public Open Space Acquisition Programs to acquire public open space along the water should be initiated. One option is to create a local nonprofit land conservancy. There are several very effective ones operating in Michigan. Priority should be given to building a trust fund for acquisition and maintenance or tying into existing ones by the Nature Conservancy and similar organizations. Kalamazoo Lake Sewer & Water Authority Once the Township Joins as a full member of the Kalamawo Lake Sewer & Water Authority, it should be modified so that it is a more independent operating authority and not under the control of the legislative bodies of the three jurisdictions. This would distance it from political influences in day to day adrniniStration. Efforts are presently underway to evaluate the potential for doing so. One Jurisdiction The benefits of merging the three communities into one JuriSdiction far outweigh the detriments if the long term future of the area is considered. However, past efforts to do so have been met with failure and the citizen opinion survey still reflects an evenly divided electorate. Yet, no systematic analysis of the issue considering all aspects (planning. development control, cost. revenues. taxes, economic development, short versus long term, impact on community character. etc.) have ever been performed. Such an analysis should be done to more clearly lay out and analyze the issues. It should be undertaken by the three communities together, but could also be done by an outside group, such as the business community or a taxpayers organization. Periodic Updating and Revisions As these additional studies are undertaken the plan should be updated to reflect the new information. At a minimum the Plan should be Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan II ! :: - �12-8 comprehensively reviewed and updated at least once every five years. Managing Growth and Change The key to successfully managing future growth and community change ls integrating planning into day- to-day decision making and establishing a continuing planning process. The only way to get out of a reactionary mode (or crisis decision making) is by planning and insuring the tools available to meet a broad range of issues are current and at hand. For that reason it will be especially important that the recommendations of this Plan be implemented as the opportunity presents itself (or revised as circumstances dictate). Many new tools may be made available to local governments over the next few years to manage the growth and change process. It will be a challenge to Village officials to pick from among the new tools, those that will provide greater choice over local destiny and quality of life. Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan ��REFERENCES Listed below are some of the key reports, studies, plans, and data sources whfCh IAH!le ~ references tn the preparation of this plan. Other data sources are referenced throuQhOllt the--.,. n£MOORAPIIICS U.S. census. eurrent Population Reports. East North Central 1986 P.optdattOn and 1'B5 Per Capita Income Estimates for Counties and Incorporated Places, Series P-26, No. 86-ENO-SC (al$) referenced.for ecorwmtc data). U.S. Census of Population and Housing, 1980-SutnmarY Tape FJle S A ~ Saugatuck. Saugatuck Township, the Village of D~uglas. and Allegan County. BJSTORY Joe .Armstrong and John Pahl. River ~Lake: A&uqulcentemalal m.tm70F.:;:A:dlll--■c•••• Michigan. published by the 1835 Committee. 1985. MASTERPlANB Saugatuck Townehlp General Development Plan. ptepared fur saugatuck =•~ldar-:l&V Wil11ams & Works. Inc•• 1975. Village of Dou,lu Land Use Plan, prepared by the Village of Douglas Pllaan,,tngnntng:4aM••• with the asststance of the West Michigan Regional Planning CommJssion, adopted November UL 1986. Land U&e-Vllla8e of saa,atuck, prepared by the Saugatuck asststanee of the West Mtchtgan Regtonal PlartnUlg co.mtssloJI. 19 NATORAL RESOtJRCES Michigan Resouree Inventory System Database. De Soll S'lllftJ' of Allelan county. lllcNca-. United ~l)el~~ol~lil'A Conservation Serrice. March 1987. OWNBR8BIP LUU1 .Mid and Plat 1989. �SOLID WASTE Allegan County Solid Waste Plan, prepared for the Allegan County Board of Commissioners and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources by the Allegan County Planning Commission, P.A 641 solid Waste Planning Committee, and the West Michigan Regional Planning Commission, September 1983. ECONOMY Real and Personal Property SEV, 1980-88, Michigan Department of Treasury, State Tax Commission. The Economic Impact of Travel on Michigan Counties, prepared for the Michigan Travel Bureau by the U.S. Travel Data Center, July 1988. Travel and Tourism ln Michigan: A Statistical Profile, First Edition, Research Monograph # 1, Michigan State University, Travel. Tourism and Recreation Resource Center. 1986. Michigan Employment Security Commission, Bureau ofResearch & Statistics, Detroit. Michigan. UTILITIES A Feasibility Study on the Utillzation of a Single Ground Storage Reservoir, SaugatuckDouglas Water System, prepared for Kalamazoo Lake Sewer & Water Authority by Holland Engineering, Inc., January 18, 1983. Facilities Plan for Wastewater, prepared by Williams & Works, April 1976. Saugatuck Township Area Utility Service Study, prepared by Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc., March 1988. Village of Douglas Water Supply Contamination Problem Evaluation and Recommendations, Wolverine Engineers & Surveyors, Inc., July 1, 1987. Village of Saugatuck Streets and Public Utlllties Condition Report, May 1984. Waterworks Rellablllty Study for Kalamazoo Lake Sewer and Water Authority, prepared by Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr, & Huber, Inc., March 1987. ZONING City of Saugatuck Zoning Ordinance, as amended through October 1989. Saugatuck Township Zoning Ordinance. as amended through October 1989. Village of Douglas Zoning Ordinance, as amended through October 1989. �r-1"' APPENDIX B Demographic, Economic, and Housing Data ,.,,-..... , �A. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS l. Age Cohorts (Raw Data) Saugatuck Douglas Saug. Twp. Area County ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1496 61 13 15 21 3 11 30 47 6 17 18 15 under l 1-2 3-4 5 6 7-9 10-13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-61 62-64 65-74 75-84 85+ 19 13 24 14 50 106 92 1:01 136 59 21 27 138 57 "ft 2. Age ---------0-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 23 11 17 19 6 36 59 14 15 23 18 14 16 22 1860 84 72 106 82 48 11 30 -as 49 4 25 26 56 24 29 20 106 47 23 32 34 4 52 94 46 46 86 212 67 2560 2544 1289 1332 4274 5989 1522 1642 1758 1666 �0 - 3. Change in Age Cohorts from 1960-1980 Age 1960 1960 M/F Tri-Community Area 1980 M/F 1980 Change 1960-80 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------121/140 274/249 133/146 129/139 170/166 142/147 115/163 196/232 0-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 261 523 279 268 336 289 278 428 (9.8) (19.6) (10.5) (10.1) (12.6) (10.9) (10.4) (16.1) 113/94 233/224 325/308 337/290 170/179 239/244 192/201 231/359 207 457 633 627 349 483 393 590 (5.5) (12.2) (16.9) (16. 8) (9.3) (12.9) (10.5) (15.8) -20.7% -12.6% 126.9% 134.0% 3.9% 67.1% 41.4% 37.9% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: (same as above, 1960 and 1980). 4. Place of Birth Michigan Another State Born Abroad Foreign Born County Saugatuck Douglas Saug. Twp.* Area 615 (56.9) 422 (39.1) 5 (0.4) 37 (3.4) 577 (60.9) 320 (33.8) 2 (0.2) 49 (4.4) 990 (57.8) 598 (34.9) 2182 (58.3) 1340 (35.8) 7 (0.2) 210 (5.6) 124 (7.2) 63, 771 (78.2) 15,934 (19.5) 227 (0.3) 1,623 (2.0) * Some individuals not accounted for. Source: (same as above), item 33. 5. Place of Residence - 1975 (Persons 5 years old and over) Saugatuck Same House Same County Another County Another State Abroad 503 187 228 117 (48.6) (18.0) (22.0) (11.3) 423 156 198 103 8 Douglas Saug. Twp. (47.9) (17.6) (22.4) (11.6) (0.9) 984 (59.5) 144 (8.7) 244 (14.7) 280 (16.9) Area 1910 487 670 500 8 County (53.4) (13.6) ( 18. 7) (14.0) (0.2) 44,575 (59.3) 15,428 (20.5) 10,923 (14.5) 3,962 (5.2) 241 (0.3) Source: (same as above), item 34. 6. Household Characteristics Total HHs Ave. HH size 2 parent £am. Female HH head Saugatuck Douglas Saug. Twp. 537 2.00 219 41 391 2.44 222 31 633 2.69 411 28 Source: (same as above), items 10 and 20 Area County 1561 2.39 852 100 27,282 2.95 19,520 1,911 �7. Marital Status Saugatuck Saug Twp Douglas -------------------------------------------------------Single Married Separated Widowed Divorced 262 (28.1%) 325 (23.9%) 467 (50.1%) 849 (62.5%) 25 (2.7%) 28 (2.1%) 107 (11.5%) 75 (5.5%) 72 (7. 7%) 82 (6.0%) 177 (23.2%) 449 (58.8%) 16 (2.1%) 66 ( 8. 7%) 55 (7.2%) -------------------------------------------------------- Source: (same as above), item 26. B. HOUSING STOCK l. Structure Type Douglas Saugatuck Area Saug Twp. County -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total units Year Round Units 1 in Structure 2 in Structure 3 and 4 in Struct 5 or more Mobile Homes Vacant, Seasonal, & Migratory 1 in Structure 2 in Structure 3-4 in Structure 5 or more Mobile Horne/Trailer 772 569 385 49 68 60 7 529 406 290 20 16 40 40 850 734 636 32 203 150 6 18 29 123 108 11 4 116 106 5 2,151 1,709 1,311 101 84 100 113 66 31,864 28,985 23,190 1,001 583 1,199 3,0 442 364 22 22 29 5 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: U.S. Census of Population and Housing, 1980--Summary Tape File 3A, item Detroit, MI, tel. 313-354-4654 2. Year Structure Built - Year Round Units Douglas Saugatuck Area Saug Twp. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3568 (12 (7. 6) 1975-80 1970-74 1960-69 1950-59 1940-49 Pre 1940 36 (6.3) 19 ( 3. 3) 51 (9.0) 73 (12.8) 56 (9.8) 334 ( 58. 7) 22 (5.5) 46 (11.3) 81 (19.9) 32 (7.9) 36 (8.9) 189 (46.5) 72 116 133 99 68 246 (9.8) (15.8) (18.1) (13.5) (9.3) (33.5) 130 181 265 204 160 769 (10.6) (15.5) (11.9) (9.4) (45.0) 4326 (14 4458 (15 3647 (12 2507 (8 10479 (36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: (same as above), item 109. ��4. Annual Average Employment Year -Tri-Community Area Ave. Ernp. ------------------------------- 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1,491 1,527 1,555 1,613 1,695 1,656 1,175 2,461 2,550 2,700 ------------------------------- Source: Michigan Employment Security Commission, Field Analysis Unit. Detroit, Michigan, tel. 313-876-5427. 5. Persons in Poverty by Age Saugatuck Douglas Saug Twp. Area County -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5181 227 83 Less than 55 55-59 60-64 65+ 67 77 3 6 8 15 24 9 8 39 78 281 206 1127 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Source: U.S. Census of Population and Housing, 1980--Summary Tape File 3A, item 93. Detroit, MI, tel. 313-354-4654. �APPENDIX C Public Opinion Survey Responses �VILLAGE OF DOUGLAS PUBLIC OPINION SUR\JEV RESULTS PAUL HARRIS: ASSISTANT RESEARCH DIRECTOR RBSPOHSE RATE WE SENT 550 SURVEVS FROM OAKLAND UNIVERSITY USING THE MAIL LABELS FROM THE VILLAGE. WE RECEIVED (es of 11 /29/68) 257 SURVEVS FROM THIS MAILING, PRODUCING A RESPONSE RATE OF 46.7 PERCENT. IN ADD IT I ON, WE RECEIVED 30 RENTER SURVEYS WHICH WERE DISTRIBUTED BV THE VILLAGE. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SURVEYS USED IN THE FORTHCOMING ANAL VSES IS: 267. �COt1t1UNITY VALUES .QJ.: lmportonce of things people look for in o community. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 &. 2 = NOT IMPORT ANT, 4 & 5 = IMPORT ANT, 3 = HAS BEEN OMITTED smttll town otmosphere Quiet town friendly people 8t troct 1ve/beut i ful surroundtngs good plttce to reise children {reditionel vttlues re 1i gi ous opportunities freedom to be myself chance to get invol11ed in locel org's low crime rete good school system row tax rates close to lerger cities convenient shopping opportuni tes 011011 ebi 1i ty of goocf housing f amny in the area job in oreo water based recreation nearby not industriolized 9.2: NOT IM~WANT IM~J.l~NI 9.21 7.11 4.91 31.61 24.31 34.91 5.61 29.01 4.91 24.61 10.41 16.41 17.91 25.51 43.61 42.91 13.51 27.21 87.91 86.91 65.71 57.31 57.11 43.11 79.01 41.31 90.31 61.71 65.41 59.91 50.61 62.21 52.21 44.11 61.21 53.61 How hes the community chenged. PERCENT gHECKEP 24. I better place to live steyed about the some worse place to live 56.61 16.91 Q~ As the area grows end chanes, which best describes Dougles. 1= sme 11 Yi 11 oge, 2= bedroom community, 3= Ho 11 and suburb, 4= Smo 11 c1 ty community os is community es would like it to be community os think it will be Q.4: ml rll--rh 76.BI 6.71 3.41 37.91 23.11 15.21 ~I 13.11 23.91 How would you rete the communites on the following. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 &. 2 = POOR, 4 &. S =EXCELLENT, 3 =HAS BEEN OMITTED business climete churches community events entertei nment generel oppeerence floustng 1obs focotion med1 ce1 cere recreet1on resteurents ~ 5.41 21.61 47.21 18.51 33.31 47.41 2.21 48.91 13.21 15.31 EX~~~i'fi 72.11 45.91 25.11 67.21 33.41 9.51 88.51 31.01 74.61 61.11 �Q.4: cont roads schools senior citizen services shopping social services t~uces .U& ~ 13.51 20.81 33.61 35.41 61.41 EXW.~!NT 64.01 52.31 38.71 10.61 13.91 Problems faced by the communities, how important are they to you. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 & 2 =NOT A PROBLEM, 4& 5: A PROBLEM, 3 =HAS BEEN OMITTED violent crime property crime vandalism teens w/ nothy1 ng to do drugs alcohol unemp1oyment new Job opportuni t1 es hous1 ng shortages pub1i c recreet 1on too much deve 1opment not enough development leek of health care ... trafic safety perking deowntown Saug. skateboards/bikes downtown Seug. run down property 11 tter downtown area Utter along blue star Hwy appearance of businesses along Blue congestion et oval beach quertty oval beech fac11tt1es access to weterbodt es local schools Vtlle e ov't services NOT A PROBLEM 80.21 51.31 39.41 13.61 8.21 6.71 28.51 21.51 27.91 63.01 50.01 52.51 19.11 51.91 23.81 47.31 42.91 64.51 57.11 39.41 39.61 45.51 61.31 49.81 41.71 34.41 28.51 SIU 49Jtl II A PRBjLEM 7. 29.31 26.41 69.51 59.61 68.21 29.41 49.61 42.01 18.31 35.51 26.21 70.01 22.31 67.21 23.41 32.61 9.81 20.31 49.61 15.91 15.41 22.71 18.11 22.81 26.71 39.01 8.71 31.71 •.,. 31.31 11. �.Q.8: Where do you go most often for the fo11owing things . 1= Sougotuck, 2= Hollond, 3= close to work, 4= better service 5= more choice, 6= lower cost opplionces outo/truck soles euto /truck services bekery goods bonktng beoutic1on/barber books cer wosh clothing dey cere dept. store dry cleoners family restouronts f ency resteurants fast food flower shop furniture Rroceries ordwore laundromet lown & gorden supplies lumber medicol services movies phormocy sport tng goods g_ 10: 1 st:,I 3.51 20.31 84.41 86.01 68.31 41.81 47.81 10.51 55.41 3.51 63.71 75.01 45.41 6.31 81.01 26.61 61.71 74.21 91.61 48.01 76.81 38.01 1.31 74.41 13.21 67.31 57.41 7.41 4.91 21.01 42.21 42.71 53.11 37.01 70.71 24.11 17.51 34.11 82.41 15.51 42.61 30.11 15.71 4.51 43.51 14.91 45.51 80.61 18.61 62.61 23.0i 3 0.01 6.71 7.21 1.11 5.71 5.71 1.61 5.51 3.51 7.61 4.21 5.71 2.21 2.41 3.41 1.31 4.31 2.61 1.51 1.71 3.61 3.71 4.11 2.61 3.11 4.71 -& 1.21 6.41 1.51 2.31 1.51 0.01 1.21 1.21 0.01 0.01 4.11 1.51 4.01 0.01 0.01 1.21 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.61 1.71 4.91 1.31 0.01 0.01 5 6.71 10.61 6.01 3.31 0.01 2.31 12.11 1.61 27.11 0.01 20.11 1.21 2.61 11.61 3.41 0.01 23.41 1.11 0.01 0.01 1.21 0.01 6.41 14.11 1.21 8.51 6 10.61 2.81 2.21 1.11 1.11 2.31 1.21 4.71 0.01 1.51 1.21 1.11 2.41 4.61 2.31 2.01 4.51 8.61 2.21 2.01 2.91 1.11 0.01 2.71 11.11 Approve or disopprove of future commerciol deYelopment. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HA\IE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 & 2 = DISAPPROVE, 4 & 5 = APPROVE, 3 = HAS BEEN OMMITTED in smell shopping centers in one large shopping center in downtown Seug. in downtown Douglos in scottered commercial oreos in strip commercial orees nowhere 9.11: DISAePROVE 14.01 50.81 50.61 50.21 42.11 46.71 61.51 APPROVE 72.BI 34.61 27.31 38.01 38.01 42.21 20.31 Where should new commerc1al development occur. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 &. 2 = DISAPPROVE, 4 & 5 =APPROVE, 3 =HAS BEEN OMITTED Along North Blue Ster Hwy. Along South Blue Star Hwy. Along Butler St. in Saugatuck along Water St. 1n Sougntuck olong Lake St. 1n Seu~atuck along M-B9 outside o Fennville at freewoy interchanges QISAPSROVE A~~~E 22.81 63.81 61.31 63.81 36.51 17.91 70.81 21.11 23.81 17.51 38.51 65.01 27. I 6.31 �Q. 12: 'w'here should new neighborhood commerciol development occur. ( 1= strongly disopprove, 5= strongly epprove) NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 &. 2 = DISAPPROVE, 4 &. 5 = APPROVE, 3 = HAS BEEN OMITTED elong Mein St. in Dougles elong E. Center St. inl)ougles elong W. Center St. in Dougles elong 130th Ave. in Dougles DISAPPROVE ArROVE 30.81 37.11 51.31 54.01 42.01 26.61 4.71 40.71 g.13: Whet ere your priorities for Dougles downtown. NOTE: OR IGI NAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 &. 2 =LOW PRIORITV, 4 &. 5 =HIGH PRIOTIRY, 3:: HAS BEEN OMITTED Additionel public restrooms benches for pedestriens control truck traffic dress up store fronts flowers&. ltmdscepe historic preservetion resident oriented businesses More parking tourist oriented businesses new lighting Offices reduce cer treffic restaurants shopping waterfront reteil businesses waterfront wholesele business waterfront boat services waterfront park g~ HIGH 32.5:C 37.8:C 28.0:C 60.51 61.31 62.3:C 68.0:C 23.61 26.6:C 22.1 I 25.31 4.0:C 29.2:C 49.2:C 34.91 17.31 25.BI 61.11 LOW 56.71 46.01 50.4:C 26. 1I 21.11 21.01 17.61 37.51 45.0:C 47.11 45.41 73.9:C 45.8:C 32. 7:C 53.6:C 70.81 50.4:C 30.7:C Does the eree need more i ndustri a1 deve1opment. ( 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly egree) 1= 28.71, 2= 14.71, 3= 11.61, 4= 8.51, 5: 36.41 RES I DENT I AL DEVELOPttENT Whet type of residentiel development is needed in dougles. {1 = needed now, 2= needed 1eter, 3= not needed, 4= don't know) 11~ apartments attached single-family homes detached single-family homes(S0-70) detached single-family homes(70+) waterfront condos low income housing mobile homes seniors housing country estates ll,16; !h1 rhl 37.41 13.01 60.61 11.61 19.91 14.21 6.11 5.71 39.61 9.11 10.2:C 5.3:C 21.41 24.1 ll 16.01 12.31 ~ 28.9:C 14.1 :c 36.21 81.41 31.51 58.BI 27.21 38.71 f14I 20.71 13.71 29.71 6.91 19.71 25.71 27.2:C 32.91 Would you favor lowering the min. square footage to make housing 111ore effonleble. ( 1= slrongly disagree to 5= strongly ogree) 1 =41.81, 2 =6.U, 3 = 11.71, 4 = 13.91, 5 =26.01 �J;l.17: New housing should be built ot o density thot... ( 1=higher thtm, 2= lower thtm, 3= some es, 4= uncertein) 1 2 3.01 65.31 clang the Sciug. wciterfront of Keil. on ttie hi 11 in Seugotuck in downtown Sougotuck in downtown Dougles o1ong the shore of Lk. HI es ttie ogr. ereos of Soug. twp. 2.91 20.01 4.31 62.31 15.71 36.41 14.91 19.91 42.61 10.31 2f.3I 65.21 4 lo.41 11.91 20.81 12.61 35.51 12.41 48.81 16.41 26.51 20.61 RECREATION Type of edd1tione1 recreet1one1 facilities ere needed in the Oougles eree. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 & 2 = LOW PRIORITY, 4& 5 = HIGH PRIORITY, 3 = WAS OMITTED bosketboll courts bike paths boot 1ounchi ng romps comping community center cross country ski treils fitness center golf course fliking treils horsebeck trei 1s ice rink Lk. f rant open spece(Lk. HI) LI<. front open spoce(Ll<.Kel) pub 1i c Hori nas privete merinos movie theeter neighborhood p1eygrounds porks picnic ereos requetbe 11 courts riverfront open spece(Kel river) senior citizen center shuff 1e boerd softboll fields swimming pool(s) tennis courts g_ 19; LOW PRl%RITY 35. :I 20.01 32.41 51.91 25.21 36.21 37.71 65.71 39.61 57.31 33.6:1 16.2:1 17.21 38.21 52.51 28.51 33.6:1 30. 11 26.91 48.51 15.51 25.71 48.21 54.71 38.21 51.01 HIGH PRIORITY 29.71 66.51 45.61 21.61 44.71 43.81 39.21 15. ti 33. ti t 1.61 39.7:1 69.61 69.11 32.8:1 7.81 38.41 33.61 49.81 37.0:1 14.21 64.tl 45.21 18.51 19.41 40.21 28.11 WATERFRONT DEYELOPHENT & SURFACE WATER QUALITY Which of the following best desribe your use (s) of neerby weter bodies. ( VALUES REPRESENT TRE PERCENT CHECKED) Qes~ouon view ng swtmmrng sunbethtng f i sht ng(boet) fishtng(shore) nature study se11tng wt ndsurft ng weterskttng /f.41 2.41 11.51 23.71 21.61 • 31.71 7.31 1.01 8.41 7~1 2.41 6.31 11.51 9.11 16.01 18.BI 5.21 13.91 eW1 •58.21 54.71 27.21 11.51 33.BI 30.31 10.51 17.41 1Wi1 4.91 3.51 10.BI B.01 20.61 2.11 1.01 11.51 �KR _g_ 19: con~ powerboat1ng SCUb8 dtv1ng weterf owl flunt ice fishing tee skating cross country ski. snowmobiling iceboating other I dont use it Q.20: - 3TII 0.01 9.81 3.81 8.41 4.51 0.01 1.41 13.61 ~ 3& 1.01 LN SL 3.11 3.11 8.41 4.21 2.11 3.11 3~ 7.31 1.01 3.11 1.01 10.11 3.11 1.01 , 2:r.71 2.11 5.61 8.01 2.11 5.61 3.51 2.11 9.81 7.71 35.91 Which term best describes your opinion of the present water quelity of the following wester bodies. KR o.ol very good go~o fatr poor Ye'] poor don t know 4.81 15.11 26.81 43.41 9.91 _KL Lt1 SL 3.81 19.21 26.31 40.21 10.51 7.41 26.11 35.31 19. 11 5.51 6.61 0.01 7.21 15.91 23.51 15.91 37.51 o.ol Based on your experience in recent years the weter quality of the following water bodies hes. KR Bl improved great 1y improved slightfy stayed the seme deteriorated slightly deteriorated greatly dont' know Q.22: 26.21 18.71 15.41 18.41 13.91 ~ KL ITI 0.41 18.51 14.01 4.51 20.61 42.01 4'f. 19.11 21.01 32.61 12.71 10.51 25.71 18.01 16.91 18.81 13.01 Indication of feeling about the adequacy of the following foci 1it i es on each wot er body. DESCRIPTION boat launch boat slips(r) boat slips(c) marinas swim.beaches boat service pumpout fac11. fish cleaning camp grouds parks public rest. other pub 1i c des. boat mor des. no wake u ~~ 27.3 38.2 4.7 56.8 6.5 57.9 17.9 52.6 16.3 22.8 16.5 45.3 46.6 52.3 36.0 31.8 24.6 34.5 22.9 26.0 15.7 23.1 16.8 9.2 20.2 41.7 ~~ ~te.8 24.4 46.0 6.6 12.9 49.4 12.6 16.1 11.7 39.6 46.2 42.4 34.0 35.8 25.0 56.9 64.6 18.8 57.0 43.2 28.7 19.6 18.0 18.7 21.7 21.4 50.0 35.1 25.8 22.8 36.7 28.7 33.7 29.9 46.5 36.9 36.8 22.5 27.8 39.0 46.0 20.7 13.4 12.7 13.2 34.0 20.9 43.3 7.1 31.3 12.3 19.7 34.5 mAQ.5.LADQ ~ITT 29.6 13.2 18.3 29.7 13.3 20.2 26.8 13.0 18.7 16.8 21.8 14.3 30.6 32.5 18.0 17.1 38.1 11.6 10.2 10.0 45.5 4.2 21.0 10.2 27.8 26.2 Should the vi11Gge actively cooperate in the construction of an Greawide mDr1na. ( 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree) 1=39.41, 2: 3.01, 3 =23.41, 4 = 14.91, 5 =19.31 �Should the 11i1lege ectively seek to find alternatiYes for low cost access by Y111age residenfs to additional Lake Michigan beach foci 1i ti es. ( 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree) 1= 23.61, 2= 4.9:C, 3: 21.71, 4= 25.11, 5: 24.7:C How should underdeveloped waterfront lands be used in Douglas. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HA\/E BEEN COLLAPSED 1 & 2: DISAGREE, 4 & 5: AGREE, 3: HAS BEEN OMITTED DISAGREE 11.2:C 69.81 81.7:C 81.51 90.3:C 63.8:C 47.9:C pub1i c aqui sit 1on to 1eeve open develop for residential sub.s deve 1op 1 story condos develop 2 story condos develop 3 story condos deve 1op meri nes mixed use ... ,P.26: AGREE ~ 14.91 11.0:C 13.41 6.2:C 20.41 31.5:C OTHER LAND USE QUESTIONS Whet are your priorities for Blue Star Highway. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 & 2= LOW PRIORITY, 4 & 5: HIGH PRIORITY, 3= HAS BEEN OMITTED better 1i ght i ng uniform sign controls improve traffic flow add e center tum 1one install public sewer install public water improve drainage improve appearence create commercial strip more tourist orientated bus. more shopping more industry more personal services more auto services more offices fast food rest.s drive thru businesses no changes better lane striping bresurf acing uni farm speed 11 mi t bike bath more trees .P~ LOW PRIORITY HIGH PRIORITY 28.7:C 50.61 47.61 48.4:C 36.21 37.41 45.51 29.3:C 30.51 32.51 30.01 28.4:C 16.6:C 35.81 41.01 33.4:C 37.51 29.21 38.7:C 42.31 37.2:C 44.21 49.7:C 34.81 23.1 :C 27.81 27.1 :C 22.7:C 36.BI 29.2:C 75.7:C 32.91 27.91 44.61 42.01 36.31 38.7:C 25.51 50.2:C 30.01 28.1 :C 48.71 65.1 :C 59.0:C 60.2:C 61.01 Which, if any, of the following types of "home occupattons" do you favor being permitted in res1denlia11y zoned erees. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 & 2= OPPOSE, 4 & 5: FAVOR, 3: HAS BEEN OMITTED bed & breakfast hatrdressers/barbers mus1c lessons WW 43.71 13.01 g 33.91 76.51 �FAVOR OPPOSE 9.27: cont. do nee 1essons accounting/tax prep. low offices medi ca 1 off f ces odult foster core day core "avon·, ·amwoy· typing services dress~el<ing/olt. ceram1cs clothing boutiques b~kery_ 66.01 66.41 40.11 37.91 41.11 36.91 42.41 69.71 71.21 25.31 14.51 20.41 1 t.71 19.51 16.61 18.01 19.11 41.01 37.91 30.71 27.01 40.01 16.21 11.21 50.21 74.21 72.51 79.31 71.31 48.1 I P1ZZ8r18 sme 11 engine repair antique soles r' tr ENVIRON ME NT AL PROTECT I ON What 11m1tetions, if any, should be imposed on development in each of the fo11ow1ng areas. ( 1= no new development, 2= very low density, 3= moderate density) (4= No special regulation) Q.28: ,rn forested sand dunes open sand dunes 78.61 wet 1ands & swamps ed j. 71.61 wet lends & swomps in. 62.31 along the Kal. river 26.81 along Kol. lake 23.21 along Lk. Ml 22.21 along Silver Lk. 20.61 2 mil 10.51 5.81 15.61 39.71 31.11 35.81 36.41 3 4.71 4.71 12.81 12.11 28.01 39.01 37.01 38.61 PUBLIC SERVICES Il.r.Zi; How would you rate the following local public servfces. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 & 2= POOR, 4& 5: EXCELLENT, 3: HAS BEEN OMITTED ambulance animal control bui 1ding inspections fire protection first responder unit Inturban bus land use planning library other village hall services perking in aowntown park maintainace playground equip. pol1ce protection property essessment public boat 1ounch1ng schools K-6 schools 7-12 schools- community ed. sewer service POOR 26.31 62.11 33.61 9.71 11.71 12.91 43.11 9.71 12.61 25.71 16.61 17.41 5.21 74.01 41.31 9.51 16.61 19.31 14.71 ~i~P1 16.41 26.71 64.51 64.31 75.41 19.71 69.81 48.11 43.31 52.71 57.91 69.71 4.41 26.21 65.71 59.41 51.31 45.31 4 ~ 6.21 8.61 10.11 5.41 6.71 5.11 4.41 ~ �cont snow remova1 storm drei nege street lighting street m8int81nence street resurfecing weter servf ce W8terfront me1ntanence zoning enforcement Q.29: fQOR 1~ 28.61 23.11 22.91 33.21 25.2:1 38.31 41.11 a 35.1 I 45.01 44.61 24.71 41.6:1 17.91 17.41 Q.30: Whet ere your priorities for how the villege spends your tex doll ors. NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 & 2= LOW PRIORITY, 4 & 5: HIGH PRIORITY, 3: HAS BEEN OMITTED preventing crime enforcing ordinences treffic enforcement fire protection ambulance service weter supply sewer service street repair perk & recreet ion improve parking downtown senior progrems improve vn 1age eppearance planning for future weterfront improvement interurban bus service economic development Q.31: LOW PRIORITY HIGH PRIORITY 15.11 18.61 23.21 4.51 9.51 7.01 10.51 10.41 22.61 51.01 36.91 22.21 10.51 17.91 21.81 17.41 72.71 47.81 37.21 86.81 74.21 83.41 66.81 71.31 45.3:1 19.21 38.01 49.21 65.71 54.51 56.61 56.1 I If it meant en increase in general property texes, which of the follwing services do you tliink Douglas should increese or edd. police protection fire protection better St. maintenance more parldng better water quality better sidewalk sidewalk snow removal new street lighting More flowers'& trees community rec. center seniors center industriel park drainege control trash collection combined meint. garage economic developmenl. 24hr. medical service communt ty poo 1 CHECKED 12.9:t 18.11 24.01 10.11 59.91 18.51 15.01 10.51 24.41 24.41 19.51 15.71 17.8:C 25.41 17.41 23.01 41.81 25.81 �Which of the following stotements is closet to your position on government services and property taxes. CHECKED 58.4:C Nice to heve better services. but... I would like better government services, ... Local government tnes to do to much, ... Other 15.71 16.91 9.01 How frequently do you use the following services. ( 1= never, 2= less then t time/month. 3= one time/month) (4= one time/week, 5= more often) recycling center interurb8n bus service river bluff p8rk Saug.-Doug. district librery over beach Douglas beach sun oown perk Shultz P8rk Seug. Dunes St. Perk beery field wicks perk other perks out of eree vi 11 age he 11 services n 46.71 58.61 36.41 38.81 43.31 79.01 41.4:i 61.51 59.41 66.51 56.81 36.01 2 6.71 3 9. ti 25.41 7.71 31.31 5.51 23.5i 15.11 33.11 11.51 34.11 10.01 15.61 3.11 35.61 12.31 24.11 9.71 19.51 13.41 18.11 11.51 26.41 10.21 38.31 21.71 4 ~ 2.61 3.51 17.61 6.91 9.21 1.21 7.31 2.31 5.41 1.51 3.01 1.21 5 1.21 17.61 1.21 7.41 9.61 3.41 1.21 3.41 2.31 2.31 2.31 1.7,C 2.81 How important e priority is it to you for the Township to improve the exterior appearance of the Township Hall. ( 1=low priority to 5= high priority) 1 = 32.61, 2 = 25.71, 3 =21.01. 4:: 10.91, 5 =9.81 ll.35: Place e check before each of the follwing Village boerds/commissions et which you heve attendee a meeting in the 1est 2 years. CHECKED Village council 44.61 plennrng commision 37.61 zoning lloerd of appee1s 12.51 board of review(texes) 15.7. 4.21 schoo 1 board Saug twp fire district 5.91 interurban trans.system 16.41 10.1:C Ka 1. Lk. WDter &. Sewer Auth. SDug. twp. Park&. Rec. Comm. 5.61 Q.36: How responsive do y_ou feel these perts of local government are to Douglas citizens. 11 = not very responsive to 5: very responsive) NOTE: ORIGINAL RESPONSES HAVE BEEN COLLAPSED 1 &. 2= NOT VERV RESPONSIVE, 3 &. 4= VERY RESPONSIVE 3 =HAS BEEN OMITTED Village council plennrng commision Zoning t>oerd of eppeals NOT YER~~PONSIYE VERY R:afa:Ns IVE 2 .4 25.61 29.81 .I 41.01 19.11 �NOT YERV !1fSPONSIVE VERY RESPRNSIYE Q.36: 12. I 59. I boerd of review(texes) schoo 1 boerd Seug twp fire district interurben tnms. system Kat. Lk. weter & Sewer Auth. Saug. twp. Perk & Rec. Comm. 37.31 56.91 53.71 46.61 40.11 21.11 21.01 16.71 30.01 14.21 Should the Village adopt ei poltcy of consolidating services with other governmenteil units. 68.21 11.71 20.11 yes no uncertain Q.38: If yes, what services should be consolideited. NOTE: THESE VALUES CORRESPOND TO THE PERCENT WHO ANSWERED "YES" ABOVE c~~P Sewer water strorm weiter police street & roeids parks & summer Rec. planning zoning building permits Yi 11 age manager Comti. interurban veh1ca1 maint. ~ Should the Ctty of Seugetuck, the v111ege of dougles, end the Township of Saugatucl< consolidate into a single untt of government. yes= 47.51, g.40: no= 52.51 Are you a regt sterd voter. yes= 87.61, g~ 54.71 34.11 47.41 44.61 43.91 38.31 32.81 28.21 24.01 51.21 no= 12.41 How many years have you resided in the Villeige of Douglas. less than 1 1 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 20 more than 20 D,42; CH~l<fP .2 18.81 22.31 23.41 32.31 How many more years do you thtnk you wtll stey tn the Douglas eree. less then one 1 - 3 4 - 10 more then 1o yrs. c,wo 2.21 20.51 75.01 �9.43: How mtiny months of eoch yeor do you typicolly reside in the Douglas area. 73.51 responded that length of stay is 12 months 1 1.81 responded that lenglh of stay is less than 6 months .Q.44: Please check each of the following that apply to you. residential property owner renter own or manage a business in area Q.45; 78.41 17.11 21.31 Which of the following best represents where you live. on the dunes/bluff along Lk. Ml on the dunes along Kalamazoo Lk elsewhere along Kelemezoo Leke along Kalamazoo River along Silver lake elswnere elong the Kol. river on hil 1 in Saug. else. in Saug. near downtown Doug. else. in Doug. in arg. area of Saug. Twp. else. in Saug. twp. Q.46: CHECKED CHECKED 16.BI 1.11 1.1 I 0.41 0.01 0.01 1.11 2.21 41.01 34.01 2.21 0.01 What is the highest level of education you have finished. less than high school high school graduate some college associate·s or technical degree college graduate graduate or prof essi ona l degree CHEC'iD 5.7 19.91 30.61 3.21 21.01 19.61 Please provide the following information abouteach person that norma 11 y 1i ves in your housello1d. AVERAGE AGE OF RESPONDENTS 55.06 SEX OF RESPONDENTS male female 62.51 37.51 PERCENT OF RESPONDENTS EMPLOYED 61.41 COMMUN ITV Douglas City of Saugatuck Saugetuck Twp. Holland other 51.01 PERCENT OF RESPONDENTS RETIRED 38.01 13.51 0.01 6.71 27.41 �APPENDIX D Soil Types - Tri-Community Area �SOIL TYPES · TRI-COMMUNITY AREA SOILTYPE AND SLOPE SOIL NUMBER LIMITATIONS FOR SEPTIC TANK ABSORPTION FIELDS LIMITATIONS FOR DWELLINGS WITH BASEMENTS CATEGORY A - SANDY, RAPID PERMEABJLITY, LOW WATER TABLE Chelsea loamy fine sand, 0-6% Chelsea loamy fine sand, 6-12% Chelsea loamy fine sand, 12-18% Chelsea loamy fine sand, 18-30% Oakville fine sand, 0-6% Oakville fine sand, 6-18% Oakville fine sand, 18-45% Oakville fine sand, loamy substratum, 0-6% Urban land - Oakville complex, 0-6% 44B 44C 44D 44E 1 OB lOC lOE 53B 72B SE4 SE4 SEl, SE4 SEl, SE4 SE4 SE4 SEl, SE4 SE3, SE5, SE4 SL SL MDl SEl SEl SL MDl SEl SL SE4 CATEGORY B - SANDY, RAPID PERMEABILITY, IDGH WATER TABLE Brady sandy loam, 0-3% Covert sand, 0-4% Matherton loam, 0-3% Metea loamy fine sand, 1-6% Metea loamy fine sand, 6-12% Morocco fine sand, 0-3% Morocco-Newton complex, 0-3% Pipestone sand, 0-4% Thetford loamy fine sand, 0-4% Tedrow fine sand,0-4% 19A 57A 22A 27B 27C 70A 15B 26A 51A 49A SE3 SE3, SE4 SE3, SE4 SE4, SE5 SE4, SE5 SE3, SE4 SE3, SE4 SE3,SE4 SE3 SE3, SE4 SE3 MD3 SE3 SL MDl SE3 SE3 SE3 SE3 SE3 CATEGORY C - WET, HEAVY, SLOW PERMEABILITY Blount silt loam, 1-4% Capac loam, 0-6% Capac-Wixom complex, 1-4% Glynwood clay loam, 1-6% Glynwood clay loam, 6-12% Kibbie fine sandy loam, 0-3% Marlette loam, 6-12% Marlette loam, 12-18% Marlette loam., 18-35% Marlette-Capac loams, 1-6% Metamora sandy loam, 1-4% Rimer loamy sand, 0-4% Seward loamy fine sand, 1-6% 41B 16B 21B SB SC 33A 14C 14D 14E 75B 42B 28A 60B SE3, SE5 SE3, SE5 SE3, SE5 SE5,SE3 SE5, SE3 SE3 SE5 SEl, SE5 SE1,SE5 SE3, SE5 SE5, SE3 SE3, SE5 SE5, SE3 Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan SE3 SE3 SE3 MD3,MD2 MDl, MD2, MD3 SE3 MDl SEl SEl SL SE3 SE3 SL �SOILTYPE AND SLOPE SOIL NUMBER LIMITATIONS FOR SEPTIC TANK ABSORPTION FIELDS LIMITATIONS FOR DWELLINGS WITH BASEMENTS CATEGORY D - VERY WET SOILS, ORGANICS, FLOODPLAINS Adrian muck Algansee loamy sand, protected, 0-3% Aquents and Histosols, ponded Belleville loamy sand Brookston loam Belleville-Brookston complex Cohoctah silt loam, Cohoctah silt loam, protected Colwood silt loam Corunna sandy loam Dune land and beaches Glendora loamy sand Glendora loamy sand, protected Granby sandy loam Houghton muck Martisco muck Napolean muck Newton mucky fine sand Palms muck Pewamo silt loam Sebewa loam Sloan silt loam 6 73A 50 48 17 64 29 65 30 36 4 2 74 39 5 67 47 69 7 45 23 62 SE6, SE4 SE3, SE4 SE6, SEl0 SES, SE3 SE6, SE6 SE6, SE3, SE6 SE6 SE6, SE5 SE6 SE6 SE6 SES, SE3 SES, SE6 SE6 SE6 SE6, SE3, SE4 SE6, SE4 SE6, SE4 SE6, SE5 SES, SE6, SE5 SE6 SE6, SE4 SEll, SE6 SE5, SE6 SE4, SE6 SES, SE3, SE5 SES, SE3 SE8,SE6 SE6 SE6, SElO SE8,SE6 SE6, SEl0 SE6 SE6, SEl0 SE6 SE6 SES, SE3 SE5 SE5 SES CATEGORY E - WELL DRAINED LOAM AND LOAMY FINE SAND Ockley loam, 6-12% Ockley loam, 12-18% Ockley loam, 18-30% Riddles loam, 6-12% Tekenink loamy fine sand, 6-12% Tekenink loamy fine sand, 12-18% Tekenink loamy fine sand, 18-35% 12C 12D 12E 63C 31C 31D 31E MDl SEl SEl MDl MDl SEl SEl MD2,MD1 SEl SEl MD1,MD2 MDl SEl SEl CATEGORY F - WELL DRAINED LOAM AND LOAMY FINE SAND Ockley loam, 1-6% Oshtemo-Chelsea complex, 0-6% Oshtemo-Chelsea complex, 6-12% Oshtemo-Chelsea complex, 12-18% Oshtemo-Chelsea complex, 18-35% Riddles loam, 1-6% Tekenink loamy fine sand, 2-6% 12B llB UC 11D llE 63B 31B SL SL MDl SEl SEl SL SL Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan MD2 SL MDl SEl SEl MD2 SL �UNCLASSIFIED SOILS 34 18 66 Aquents, sandy and loamy Pits U dipsammen ts KEY FOR LrnITATION CODES SEVERE LIMITATIONS: SEl SE2 SE3 SE4 SE5 SE6 SE7 SE8 SE9 SEl0 SEll SLOPE SHRINK-SWELL WETNESS POOR FILTER PERCSSLOWLY PONDING CUTBANKSCAVE FLOODING EXCESSIVE HUMUS LOW STRENGTH SUBSIDES MODERATE LIMITATIONS: MDl MD2 MD3 SLOPE SHRINK-SWELL WETNESS SLIGHT LIMITATIONS: SL SLIGHT LIMITATIONS Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan �N A 10 ■ 10■ DOUGLAS SOIL TYPES �y �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Douglas_Comprehensive-Plan_1989 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Village of Douglas Planning Commission, Village of Douglas, Saugatuck Township, Allegan County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-11 Title A name given to the resource Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The Village of Douglas Comprehensive Plan was prepared by the Village of Douglas Planning Commission in cooperation with the Village Council and the Coastal Zone Management Program, with the assistance of the Planning & Zoning Center, Inc. in November 1989. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Planning & Zoning Center, Inc. (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications Douglas (Mich.) Saugatuck Township (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/198f3fec62b9229b224c6313d10da4b7.pdf 61d2f9aba0efc321d88af6b48142276c PDF Text Text VILLAGE OF EASTLAKE Master Plan and Recreation Plan February 2012 Let Our Resources Work For You. r:r:.i Northwest Michigan ~ , Councll of Govemments Workforce • Business • Community Prepared by: Northwest Michigan Council of Governments PO Box506 Traverse City Ml 49685-0506 231-929-5000 www.nwm.org �Eastlake Village Master Plan & 5-Vear Recreation Plan Eastlake Village Council Eastlake Village Dan Janicki, Village President Patricia Baumbach David Drew Dawn Kramer Patricia Schmidt Jason Stamp Sue Vasquez Planning Commission Eastlake Village Master Plan Committee Phil Adamski Bob DeYoung David Drew Ritchie Gillette Dan Golden Kayla Janicki Bob DeYoung (through June 2011) Ritchie Gillette, Chair Phil Adamski Patricia Baumbach Dan Golden John Franklin Kayla Janicki Administrative Staff Sharon Janicki, Treasurer Janet Golden, Clerk Loretta Staff Prepared by: Let Our Resources Work For You. ~ Northwest Michigan , Councll of Govemments Workforce • Business • Community 2 �Contents Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1 Planning Process ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Organization of the Plan ........................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2: Existing Conditions and Context .......................................................................................... S History and Regional Context ................................................................................................................... 5 Population Characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 8 Economy .................................................................................................................................................. 10 Chapter 3: Natural Resources ............................................................................................................. 15 Natural Resources Inventory .................................................................................................................. 16 Issues and Opportunities ........................................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 4: Recreation •...••..•.••..........•......•.......•........•.•.........•.•.•........•...•...........••..•.•....•..•.....•....•....••• 21 Recreation Inventory .............................................................................................................................. 22 Regional Recreational Assets .................................................................................................................. 24 Administration, Funding, and Budgeting ................................................................................................ 27 Issues and Opportunities ........................................................................................................................ 28 Recreation Action Plan ............................................................................................................................ 31 Chapter 5: Land Use ••.•..•......•..................•....•...............•...........•....•...•...•...........••••..........••.•......•..•..... 33 Residential ............................................................................................................................................... 34 Commercial ............................................................................................................................................. 34 Industrial ................................................................................................................................................ 34 Community Facilities and Services ......................................................................................................... 36 Transportation ........................................................................................................................................ 37 Issues and Opportunities ....................................................................................................................... 38 Chapter 6: Goals, Objectives, and Action Strategies ........................................................................... 43 Chapter 7: Future Land Use & Zoning Plan ......................................................................................... 50 Residential 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 51 Residential 2 ............................................................................................................................................ 51 Rural Residential ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Commercial ............................................................................................................................................. 52 �Shoreline ................................................................................................................................................. 52 Public/Recreation .................................................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 8: Plan Implementation ....................................................................................................... 55 Zoning Plan .............................................................................................................................................. 55 Rezoning and Conditional Rezoning ........................................................................................................ 56 Leadership and Public Input .................................................................................................................... 56 Partnerships and Citizen Engagement .................................................................................................... 58 Plan Updates ........................................................................................................................................... 59 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................ 2011 Community Survey Results ................................................................................................................ Legal Notices - Recreation Plan .................................................................................................................. Resolution of Adoption - Recreation Plan ................................................................................................. . �Chapter 1: Introduction Since it was founded in the 1870's, the Village The purpose of the Eastlake Village Master Plan of Eastlake has changed from a bustling lumber is to set forth a strategy for the Village to guide town to a quiet residential community along future development and change according to the shores of Manistee Lake. With close con- the community's priorities. The plan is in- nections to industrial activity along the shore- tended to provide for: line and with the City of Manistee, the Village is • known as a bedroom community with access to Informed decisions: The Master Plan provides a stable, long-term basis for informed incredible fishing and boating opportunities, a decision-making. Analysis of existing condi- small town atmosphere, and historic character tions, combined with the goals and policies and heritage. that are outlined in the Plan, help guide the Planning Commission and Village Council as they consider zoning, new development, To ensure that Eastlake's cherished qualities capital improvements, and other matters are preserved and maintained, while allowing relating to land use and development. for added investment that will enhance the local economy and quality of life, the commu- • nity must plan and prepare for change. Optimizing Investments: The Plan provides for coordination of public improvements The Eastlake Village ~aster Plan was ere~ ated by the Eastlake Village Planning Commission, with assistance from the Northwest Michigan Council qf Governments. The P.lan was _ prepared in accordahce with provl~ sions of the Michigan Planning Enabling Ace (Publi c Act 33 of 2008) to e~hanc~ and pro- . Page 1 Village of East Lake �Eastlake Village Master Plan and private development, and also helps the Village prioritize improvements to com- The Eastlake Village Master Plan was devel- munity facilities. • Planning Process Predictability: The Master Plan informs citizens, property owners, and neighboring communities of the Village's priorities and goals, as well as where and how the community is expected to grow-allowing them to plan for the use of property in a way that is consistent with the community's oped by the Eastlake Village Planning Commission and a master plan subcommittee, with assistance from the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments. The 2011 Master Plan provides background information and public input, with strategies designed to address changing population, economic, and land use trends. vision. • Zoning: The Master Plan provides the legal In order to ensure a broadly representative foundation for zoning. The Michigan Zoning planning process and recommendations, public Enabling Act requires the zoning ordinance input was obtained from a variety of sources. be based on a plan designed to meet resi- Two public forum/visioning sessions were held dents' needs for natural resources, hous- on March 3, 2011, and a community survey was ing, recreation, industry, business, service, mailed to all property owners and addresses in and other uses. the Village, and was also made available and publicized online. Survey summaries and re- sponses, along with information relative to Page 2 �Introduction r.evio~§ studies and plans have inform ntof the Eastlake Village Mast ~vant elements of'the foUowii:ig ·plans _an s u ,es are hi h~ghted/identifiecfthrougho er Plan: Manist~e (:ounty Master Plan (2()00) includes poli!=Y base<( on the natur,al ~apabiliti~s.ofthe la~d to·su·stain development; future ne_eds for variou s types_of development; the relationsfiip of agricultural and undeveloped land on the eommunit'(s chara·cter and e~onomy the desires and needs of residents and officials . • • r,, . , - - ~ ' .~ " ',:< ~ :- · EnVision Manistee (2005), a county-wiEfe vision for land use ana transportation, was created .. witb input from a variety of commuoity,stakeholders and provides a clear and citizen-led.focus · • for a wide range of community re$ourc~s and n~eds, including culture, recreation, economy, employmE!nt, education, governm1nt growt~/c;hange, health,' public safety, soda(environment~ infrastr;ucture, and natu,raJ resoqrc.e s/environment.. -;f • ' , ~ New Designs for (irowth is a best-practice resource guide fo,r local govemrrie!lts and develop;; ers in Northwest tower·Michigan. New Designs for Growth builds on the ten tenets of smart gtowth to provide design guidelines thijt preserve·the r~gion's unique character, scenic beauty, and natui::al resource~. The Comprehensive,Economic Development Str~tegy (2010) assesses the economic conditions ofthe region and provides a strategy for buildin·g on strengths and overcoming cha.llenges. , , . Regional Non:Motorized Comprehensive Strategy (2008) is a facilities stl"ategy for 13 c9unties· = in northwest lower Michigan that identifies priority non-motorized transportation projects to help guide MDOT's investment.in the region',s non-m~toriz~d tr~nsportation system. • Benchmarks Northwest (2004) evaluate quality oflife indicators in Northwest Michigan 'by.of. fering secondary data and public perception .(survey) -information that provides a snapshot of . community strengths anci-challenges, The reports integr~te enviro.nmental, ecpnon,ic, and social factors in a way-that demonstrates the interconnectivity of issues 'impacting regional quality ~Ii~. . . ' ~ - , Six Pillars of Prosperity are economic sectors that 't he People and Land/La_nd Policy ln~itute f6r h~ve identified as'<-pri_o rity ~reas Michigan's success in the.·New Economy: Attractive Cities · and Neighborhoods, Highly Competitive Scho~ls and tifelol')g L~arning Opport_ uriities,· Kn.owl- ~ . edg~ BasJd Technologies, Thriving A~ricµlture, ~atµral ~e,sourc~s for: Recrea(ion a~d Joo Crea;'t i9n, Inclusive an<! Entrepreneurial CUiture. Page 3 �Eastlake Village Master Plan public events, are included in the plan appendi- 5. Land Use. This chapter summarizes the ces. Plan goals, objectives, strategies, and fu- character, types, and location of the vari- ture land use recommendations were devel- ous land uses found in the village, including oped based on public input obtained through- residential, commercial, and community out the process, analysis of existing conditions, facilities and services. and previous or related plans and studies. 6. Goals, Objectives, and Action Strategies. Goals, Objectives, and Action Strategies will address the issues and opportunities iden- Organization of the Plan tified in previous plan chapters. The Eastlake Village Master Plan provides over- 7. Future Land Use Map and Zoning Plan will views of existing conditions, discussion of pub- formalize goals and objectives into future lic input, identification of issues and opportuni- land use policies that will be used in mak- ties surrounding different elements of the com- ing decisions on zoning changes and new munity, and goals, objectives, and action state- development. The map and zoning plan ments/implementation strategies. Descriptions will provide a stable, continuous basis for of best practices, relevant programs, and exam- land use decision making through changes ples from other communities are highlighted in the makeup of elected and appointed throughout the plan. The plan is divided into boards, and therefore encourages the im- sections and chapters as follows: plementation of the long-term goals and 1. objectives of the Master Plan. Introduction provides an overview of the process and contents. 2. 8. Plan Implementation, Leadership, and Civic Engagement. This chapter will provide Existing Conditions and Context discusses an overview of the Village's decision mak- Eastlake's history, its place in Manistee ing structure, leadership, and other consid- County and the region, and issues that are erations that will ultimately drive the im- relevant across the spectrum of the com- plementation of the plan. Public participa- munity, including demographics and eco- tion, civic engagement, leadership, and nomics indicators. partnership opportunities will be discussed 3. Natural Resources discusses the topogra- in this chapter. phy, soils, water resources, and green infrastructure available in and around the Village. 4. Recreation. This chapter serves as the Vil- lage's 5-year recreation plan, and discusses existing recreational facilities and future needs. 4 Page4 �Chapter -2: Existing Conditions and Context with villages and small cities that are consider- History & Regional Context able distances from larger metropolitan com- Eastlake is defined in part by its setting along munities. These distances have shaped the the lakeshore and by the natural resources that character of these small communities and cre- surround it, as well as its proximity to the City ated of Manistee and the surrounding region. This recognized as retirement and resort destina- regional context and access to natural re- tions, as well as desirable year-round commu- sources have been the drivers for much of the nities. individual identities that are well- Village's development and economic patterns, and continue to provide much of the Village's recreation, service, and employment opportu- The rural character and access to water, forest, nities. and other natural resources has been the region's greatest economic driver. Many communities-Eastlake among them-were built up Northwestern lower Michigan is a place of in- around the lumber industry, or served as major credible natural beauty, tremendous natural hubs for water-based or rail-based transporta- resource assets, thriving agricultural econo- tion. Eastlake had its beginnings in the logging mies, seasonal recreation and resorts, and year boom of the nineteenth century, with the con- -round communities. The landscape of forests, struction of a sawmill on the shore of Manistee lakes, rivers, orchards and farmland is dotted Lake in 1870. The Village later became a stop Pages �Eastlake Village Master Plan on the Pere Marquette Railroad, which supported the logging industry and contributed to the growth of the Village, which was incorporated in 1912. In many parts of the region, once the land was cleared, agriculture became an economic foundation for some parts of the region, while others developed economies around other natural resources such as oil and gas. In the Manistee area, however, water- and rail-based shipping opportunities supported a variety of industries, particularly along the Manistee Lake waterfront, which provided access to commercial shipping. The area's history as a thriving industrial center and commercial port has resulted in a fairly stable population base in Manistee County, when compared to the rapid growth witnessed in other parts of the region. Between 1920 and 2010, the population in many parts of the region has more than doubled. Manistee County's population, on the other hand, has increased by about 18% during that time period. Much of the growth in the region and the County is the result of retirees and seasonal residents that have moved to the area to take advantage of the region's small town and rural lifestyles, outdoor recreation, and natural beauty. However, most of those population increases-along with the new development Page 6 �. : . 4 ~1l:" ~ . f~~ l1· , , .,, ,i~j,-'\ _ .. .. . , Manistee County Michigan - ,~ -·:.· ,:;:; . ~ ' r-i.A I, J•,~( 1 --~p;•""·" 0 - Upland,Openland Upland Deciduous Forest Upland Coniferous Fore~ - water l.JMfand Forest - Non-forested W!tlands · ·--• - - · ~~ . Oj ~ . .,., ' ~ . •""""1 ·. --~· t. 1 . ~ " 1 ._,, ,jir,~~, r ~ -- .. . . . l . ,., . • .. . ~;; . . I ·· - , .- - - - . - - . ~ ~::-:,11-,. . "~t.~f\ . 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" .'.,•/•f .~'.-it{:'•: · /,iq i. -1E,-.~-~~ ,,: ·,5s'.~-,·., • < . .· ~'11:·n.-, ".· . .l(~~~ •~!9~1 Legend Aoncullural 'li' ~.;c._,,,. ,·i='~·=·cc..,,;~·-· _ 11 r-,ffll:.i..,;-.~ .. ~ .. · ~ i lrr;;P.~"i.:;' . f.·~ « ~M~~1rj·, flll"· ·~~ .t~ - -,.<., _.,.-:-; , ~ • ir-:. 1 . llfi~rt·.d ' -~ ~ M ~ · ,..«.: '· · ·. ,'{;~: ~• ~""'11~'!-:l "1 ..,.. eff - · • :k-1~~ ,t '·•.Mlt ._;']~ 0 · , .·-· 7 ~ . ~~;;· : ;, " I \ I . · ·. ·.. o-, ." . •~ · :. ,:" • , 9-· --•c;,;.. •...... • ~ •. .• ~ • ..,.'·-<!;\•.~: ~s.J~f~-- · '"*. ~-:... -r·;]Z,;;_ . • , •.,;. ·· •;J~1:1! ' ~1 ·· " .'. .'!.:-·,~. ·_'1l lt e• n 0 :::s a. a:0 :::s VI Q) , :::s a. n 0 :::s c t) ~ �Eastlake Village Master Plan NW Lower 132,183 116,900 Michigan Manistee 20,899 17,409 County Eastlake Village 675 392 129,031 135,488 139,017 158,333 208,286 230,962 281,468 297,912 18,450 18,524 19,042 20,094 23,019 412 376 436 512 514 that follows population growth-have occurred outside of cities and villages. The desire for rural lifestyles or homes on larger lots, combined with limited land supply and higher costs in city and village boundaries, has led to greater growth and development in rural areas, while city and village population levels remain stagnant or decline. 21,265 24,527 473 441 24,733 512 Population Characteristics Household Size and Age The age of a community's residents has significant impacts on housing demand, service needs, and employment base; while household size can reflect changes in community demographics and signal a need for additional housing options. In part because of these new development trends, but in large measure as a result of the decline of logging and other industries, the population of Eastlake has dropped substantially since its peak in the late 19th century, when it was home to around 3,500 residents. With the end of the logging boom, the number of Eastlake residents dropped to 675 by 1920. Since that time, the population has fluctuated, with a low of 376 in 1950. The 2010 population of Eastlake was 512-a 16% increase from 2000, likely reflecting the construction of new dwelling units in the Village over that time period. At 2.22 people per household (PPH), Eastlake's average household size has declined about 5% since 2000. The decline in household size is generally linked with the aging of the population. As the baby boomers-the country's largest population group-reach retirement age, the number of one- and two-person households increase, as do median age and percentage of the population over age 65. In the Village of Eastlake, between 2000 and 2010, the number of residents over the age of 65 increased by over 50%. 148 residents, or about 22% of the Village's population, were over the age of 65 in 2010. Page8 �Existing Conditions and Context 39,946 ani~te ounty ity of M :tee State 20% 121,200. 86,500 34,208 125,500 77,400 37,721 30,351 108;600 66,500 48,700 44,667 9% 147,500 Sourer~: 2000 Census & 2009 American Community Survey cent Eastlake's population is representative of the is black or African American. Another 5.6% are of two or more races. County as a whole, in terms of median age and percentages of those over aged 65. The median age in Eastlake is 46.8 years, compared to 47 County-wide. In 2010, the male-female distribution was 245 to 267, respectively, or about 48% male and 52%female. Despite the increase in the number of those over age 65, the number of school aged chil- Education dren has remained stable over the last 10 Educational attainment provides an important years, with about 19% of Eastlake's population context when considering local workforce ca- under the age of 18. pacities and the community's economic vitality, and plays a role in determining which types of industries or business may choose to locate in Sex and Race or near the community. The population of Eastlake is slightly more diverse than the County or regional population. About 90% of the Village's population is white, compared to 92% in the County and 95% in the region. About 3% of Eastlake's population is About 89% of Eastlake residents have a high school degree or higher, a greater percentage than surrounding communities and the state. However, the percentage of those in Eastlake American Indian, and about one half of a per- Page9 �Eastlake Village Master Plan Community Survey, was about 8%, compared to 12.6% county-wide. Housing Values In 2009, the median home value in Eastlake was $72,900, compared to the County median home value of $125,500.Median monthly rent was slightly lower as well, at $559 per month in Eastlake, compared to $607 for the County. with a bachelor's degree or higher-about 3% is substantially lower than neighboring commuAbout 42.8% of Village renters, and 34.3% of nities and the County. homeowners with a mortgage in the Village, paid 30% or more of their household income for housing. When households spend over 30% Income Education and income levels are closely correlated, with higher education levels generally translating into higher incomes. The median household income in the Village of Eastlake in of their income on housing, they're considered "cost overburdened," which puts them at higher risk of foreclosure, homelessness, overcrowding, or occupying substandard housing. 2009 was $36,042 - slightly below income levels in nearby City of Manistee and significantly Eastlake overburden rates are consistent with below County median household income of regional affordability issues, with over 44% of $48,690. Income levels in Eastlake grew by renters paying over 35% of their household about 14% between 1999 and 2000, a slower income for rent and 26.3% of homeowners ex- rate than regional income growth, but higher periencing cost overburden on a regional level. than statewide income growth. However, despite lower overall incomes, poverty rates in Eastlake were significantly lower than in surrounding communities. The percentage of people in Eastlake with incomes below the poverty level in 2009, as reported by the American Economy Employment Sectors The American Community Survey reports that Eastlake has a workforce of about 239. The Page 10 �Existing Conditions and Context J\grii:urture, forest fishir:i Construction Manufa.cturing i Retail ~rade :fran.sportatio.n and warehausing, and utilities Information F-inance ao~ insurance, and real estate and rent.ii and leasing Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative aria waste management services Educatio.nal services, and health care and social assistance . Arts, entertai , recreation, an dation and fooa services Ottier services, except public adminfsb"ation largest employment sectors in the Village were health and social assistance and arts, entertain- production, transportation, and material mov- ment, and recreation. ing occupations (29.7%), sales and office occupations (27.2%), and service occupations (25.5%). The largest industries, in terms of Eastlake's-and Manistee County's- number of employees, were manufacturing employment trends are tied to statewide eco- and retail, followed by educational services/ nomic issues. Michigan has lost hundreds of thousands of manufacturing jobs since 2000. Page 11 �Eastlake Village Master Plan Industry Sectors, Manistee County and the State of Michigan, 2010 Data from Bureau of Labor Statistics ■ '7. !:>late Jobs Because of the state's traditional reliance on in Manistee County was 12.7% - slightly higher manufacturing employment, these job losses than the statewide rate. have created a long-lasting recession with enormous repercussions, resulting in unemployment rates that have persistently been the It is expected over the short term that the state highest in the country for the last several years. and the region's unemployment rates will re- Northwest Michigan's unemployment rates main higher than the nation's; however, the have generally followed state trends, while Ma- region and the state as a whole are experienc- nistee County, with its historical importance as ing growth in several sectors, reflecting an eco- an industrial and manufacturing community, nomic transition. has experienced more job losses than the re- County's economy through 2020 show growth gion as a whole. Between 1998 and 2009, ac- in the finance industry, as well as in agricul- cording to the US Census, the number of estab- ture, fishing, forestry, and hunting. lishments with paid employees in Manistee • Projections for Manistee Knowledge- and skill-based employment is County declined by 10%, compared to a 5.8% experiencing significant growth in Manistee decline statewide; and in 2010, the average County. The finance industry is expected to unemployment rate over the course of the year have the County's greatest increase in em- Page 12 �Existing Conditions and Context ~ge I n an . ., Is· orAc ensus is not availa_b so ghol!lt _ nnIa US C: ~he Mast conducted eve· to measure population 6asit demographic informs1tion for all geographies in.the countiy.~Hi~torically, the Census "long ·· form" also recorded more detailed information on,individual liousenold charact_ eristics,-includi~g income, employment; poverty, housing value, commute time, et-c. ,Beginning in 2005, tliat· •" intormation is -instead collected ,eve~ 5 years b¥ the ,American Community Survey. ,,._ The-American Community Survey (ACS) is a large, continuous demographic survey conducted - by the Census Bureau-that will eventually pr:ovide accui:ate and up-t~date profiles of America's , . ~ . communities eyery year. Questionnaires are mailed to asample of.addresses to obtain informa- tio n about hous_eholds and housing units. The survey produces estimates of poi!u.lation and • housing charact.eristics data for small areas, including tracts and popu1ation s~bgroups. Questions asked are similar,to those on the i:lecennial census long form. Estimates for small geo,graphic areas are based on data collected over a 5-year time period, and represent the average • QI 1. ' 1!':- er.istks over that time p.er , • r . Bureau of Labor Statist1cs is a unit of the US Department ot Labor that collects, processes, analyses, and disseminates statistical data regarding current social and economic issues. Data is availablt? for county geographies, metropolitan statistical areas, and micr'opolitan statistical ar. • • I ployment, both in terms of total number of centrations of government employment jobs (201) and percent growth (26%) are much higher than statewide percent- through 2020. ages (27% vs. 13%, respectively). Government employment is expected to grow by Manufacturing was identified as a declin- about 4% through 2020. ing sector of the County's economy; employment is predicted to drop slightly by • another 2% by 2020. • • Employment in agriculture, fishing, for- estry and hunting is significantly higher Government employment is the largest employment sector for the County. Con- Page 13 than statewide concentrations in this sector, and is one of the largest employment �Eastlake Village Master Plan sectors in the County. Employment in this industry is expected to grow by about 20% through 2020. • The trade, transportation, and utilities industry is one largest industries in the county, and is expected to see limited growth (about 2%) through 2020. • Leisure and hospitality employment, one of the County's biggest employment sectors, is expected to remain at similar levels through 2020, with about 2% growth. Employment Location and Commute Time Because there are few commercial or industrial uses within the Village limits, much of the community's workforce is employed in nearby communities. Almost all of the workforce drove to work, either alone or in a carpool; less than half a percent reported working from home. According to the American Community Survey, about 89% of Eastlake's workforce was employed within Manistee County, with the remaining 11% commuting outside the County for employment. The mean travel time to work was about 17 minutes. Page 14 �Chapter 3: Natural Resources The natural resources in and surrounding the Village of Eastlake are some of its most important economic and quality of life assets. Regional industries rely on access to the area's natural resources for both raw materials and shipping needs. Manistee Lake is of regional and statewide significant for its fishing, boating and industrial shipping opportunities. A state game area is located immediately to the north of the Village, and just outside the Village limits, the state and national forestland covers To ensure the continued and enhanced quality of these resources, it will be important to balance community development needs with environmental considerations. The benefits of such a balance are increasingly being quantified in economic, public safety, health, and social measures. Environmental quality and protection can enhance economic opportunities, increases the value of developed properties, and acts as a draw for new residents and visitors. over 120,000 acres of the County. These resources are key to Eastlake's quality of life, and both residents and visitors take advantage of This Chapter will discuss natural resources the recreation and economic opportunities within the Village, to provide context for plan- available in the forests, lakes, and streams ning and future development that considers within and surrounding the Village. overall environmental quality. Page 15 �Eastlake Village Master Plan acres of Plainfield sands with 35-70% slopes. Natural Resources Inventory These areas have severe building constraints Topography and Soils and are prone to erosion. Soils in the area are predominantly sandy soils with flat or gently sloping topography. Nearly 70% of the Village's land area is covered by Lakes and Streams However, The Village of Eastlake is bounded on the west because of steep slopes along the Manistee by about 1.5 miles of shoreline along Manistee Lake shoreline, much of the Village is located Lake, a 930 acre lake that serves as the conflu- within a state-designated high-risk landslide ence for the Manistee River and Little Manistee area. Soils along the shoreline include about 22 River watersheds. The lake drains into the Ma- Plainfield sands with 0-6% slopes. East Lake Soil Types East 1,ake Village Lakes Coloma sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes Coloma sand, 18 to 35 percent slopes Coloma sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes Covert sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes Covert-Dair con.,lex, 0 to 6 percent slopes Dair muck Gorvan-Houghton-Glendora complex Histosols and Aquents, ponded Pits, sand and gravel Plainfield sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes Plainfield sand, 12 to 35 percent slopes Plainfield sand, 35 to 70 percent slopes Plainfield sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes Udipsamments, nearly level and undulating Witer Page 16 �Natural Resources nistee Harbor of Lake Michigan through a 1.5 eludes 23 acres under ownership of Little River mile long channel, and also provides access to Band of Ottawa Indians, and is the site of the the Manistee River. As wildlife habitat, recrea- Little River Band Natural Resources building. tion opportunity, and commercial waterway, The Penny Park Campground and boat launch Manistee Lake is a cornerstone of the econ- are located along the northern Eastlake shore- omy, quality of life, and natural environment in line. Eastlake and the greater Manistee area. The industrial history around the lake has reThe lake provides habitat for a wide variety of sulted in species, including lake sturgeon, a state- oils, brines, resin acids, arsenic, and mercury, threatened species. Manistee Lake is consid- and petroleum compounds- in the lake and ered a high-quality fishing opportunity, and as shoreline. Brownfield remediation efforts have such is a critical element of the local economy been ongoing, and have addressed contamina- and is significant statewide in terms of its im- tion within the Village and at other sites around portance to tourism. According to a 2010 fish- the shoreline; but elevated levels of contami- eries report conducted by the Michigan Depart- nants still exist in some areas of the lake. How- ment of Natural Resources, the number of an- ever, according to the DNR, areas near the gler trips on Manistee lake runs as high as mouths of the Manistee and Little Manistee are 20,000 per year. high levels of pollutants-including not as affected due to the effects of the flow of the rivers. Since the logging boom of the nineteenth century, the shoreline along Manistee Lake has been heavily used by industry. The shoreline still hosts forestry processing, salt production, chemicals plants, and power plants, which depend on the commercial shipping opportunities available through the deep water port in Lake Michigan. Freighters are able to access factories along Manistee Lake through the Manistee River Channel, which is regularly dredged to allow for shipping traffic. Wetlands and Floodplains Wetlands-often called marshes, swamps, or bogs-are areas where water is found, either on or near the surface, at any time during the year. These areas are invaluable natural resources for a variety of factors: they offer important wildlife habitat, along with opportunities for recreation such as fishing, hunting, boating, and birdwatching. They improve water quality by removing and sequestering excess nutrients and sediments found in rivers and Historical industrial uses along the shoreline within the Eastlake Village limits have been removed; the former industrial area now in- streams; and reduce potential for floods by acting as natural "sponges," slowing down flood and storm waters. About 87 acres of wet- Page 17 �Eastlake Village Master Plan lands-including large cattail marshes-are some concern that the dike may have adverse located in the north and northwest corner of impacts on water levels and fish habitat. the Village, along the Manistee Lake shoreline. This area provides important wildlife habitat and marks the western limits of the Manistee Green Infrastructure River State Game Area. Within the State Game The term "green infrastructure" refers to con- Area, just to the north of the Village bounda- nected systems of woodlands, wetlands, rivers, ries, is a diked area called Peter's Bayou. The and streams that are valuable in providing a dike was installed to create waterfowl habitat variety of benefits to a community's economy and hunting opportunities; however, there is and environmental quality. Because greenway spaces like trails and natural areas are often Village of East Lake Green Infrastructure ~ tlon-MD1Dnt110Tllli• "-'Slalltl'l\ltlldii"' ,...___, Ollle1 ll01111• ~· 1ur... ~ PQttttt1,1t flood PruneAte1ts Q t:SJ 0 0 Pubht:lMnd Other P11ll11t l'"'ll< SOUIDI.I 'W!IIIW 1Jf0tt!Ghun A,(1215 V\lrtlltlNd Pra1f:tdnm ArBM ~ tt.gh Rt~ l itn1511Jfl AHUls ~\ - '°'flt,CuDutall_, Map Olte: 15 November 2010 Map Procb:od By: ______ ..._ ~-~\½~ 0.5 1 Mies Page 18 �Natural Resources seen as more valued amenities by residents ents and other forms of pollution such as salt, than even golf courses or swimming pools, oil, and anti-freeze. green infrastructure can increase the value of smother the habitat that aquatic organisms nearby property, with corresponding increases need to survive and reproduce. Sediment and sand in tax revenues. And, continuous systems of forests, wetlands, and other open areas reduce the risk of flooding by controlling stormwater runoff, and provide protection from storm damage and erosion in coastal areas. Green infrastructure systems also provide invaluable Normally, these contaminants are filtered out through rain and snowfall, which naturally filtrate through the earth and recharge the groundwater. However, on paved, or impervious, surfaces, precipitation instead flows over wildlife habitat and foster ecological diversity. the ground, picking up chemicals, dirt, and other pollutants, then flowing into a storm Open space and forestland cover about half of sewer system or directly into a lake, stream, the Village's land area. About 440 acres of for- river, or wetland, where it is discharged, un- ested areas are found throughout the Village. treated, into nearby water resources. Reducing Along the boundaries of the Village, forestland impervious surfaces such as roads, driveways, generally connects with larger tracts of forest and parking lots can provide significant benefits and open space. to water quality, while also reducing the potential for erosion. Issues & Opportunities Water Quality As noted, historical industrial activity has led to high levels of contaminants in some parts of Manistee Lake. Some contamination sources, including sites in Eastlake, have been or are being addressed through brownfield remediation activity. Another contaminant that has been identified as an issue in some areas of Manistee Lake is sediment, a surface water pollutant that washes from roads, parking lots, and driveways through stormwater runoff, which carries nutri- Page 19 �Master Plan Page 20 �Chapter 4: Recreation Parks, playgrounds, community events, trails, Because of its importance to all parts of the and recreation programming bring residents community, recreation is a focal point in the and visitors together and foster opportunities planning process. This chapter will explore for cultural expression, education, and civic Eastlake's existing recreation facilities and op- engagement. They promote public health and portunities to enhance and improve its parks, wellness by encouraging opportunities for culture, and recreation opportunities. This physical activity. And they act as economic driv- chapter will also serve as the Village's 5-year ers, raising property values, drawing new resi- Recreation Plan. dents to the community, and encouraging new development and tourism. Enhancing Eastlake's recreation opportunities will thus help create an engaged, healthy, socially vital and economically vibrant community. What is a Recreati'on Plan? Through its recreation grants program, currently funded through the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund and the federal Land and Water Conservation Fund, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) provides financial assistance to communities that are would like to purchase land for parks, or are planning to improve or develop recreation facilities. To be eligible to apply for these grant programs, a community must have a 5-year recreation plan, approved by the DNR, that meets certain requirements. DNR-approved recreation plans must include the following components: • Community Description and Planning Considerations • Administrative Structure • Recreation and Resource Inventory • Description of Planning and Public Input Process • Goals, Objectives, and Action Program This chapter of the Master Plan serves as the 5-year Recreation Plan for the Village of Eastlake. Some recreation plan components will be included in other chapters of the Master Plan. Page 21 �Eastlake Village Master Plan R,creatioh; An tmpartant Recreation Inventory Gommu:y.t;nity A$S"et . - Several important recreation opportunities are ,,. . .-. :'.. " ,J ,,( At their -most basic, parks, recreation facilities, available within Eastlake; and Village residents · and community events prov,ide an environment and visitors also have access to a variety of op- ir:i which residents and visitors can g~ther ai:ld portunities beyond the Village limits. The fol- interact in an informal . setting; Qut par:ks also · lowing recreation inventory was completed pro~ide a number of health and economic ben- with information provided by Eastlake Village efit s t & the community: officials and field visits, and provides discussion • :. Parks ~nca'urag~ J?hysical activity, whict:1 is critical in staying healthy, r~ducing' stress, on recreation facilities, as well as regional assets, and their place in the community. fighting obesity, and preventing chronic , conditions that lead to heart disease~ high ··: blood press~re, aAd dia~etes. Penny Park, located along Manistee Lake, is the Parks ·and trails are safe c:>ptions for non- , motorized transport~tion,:-whi~b is especially itnpon:apt tor those tt';at d~n't own a, ~ar t>t cai;i't drive due to ag~, disapllity, or · . Village's largest and most frequently used park. The park includes 38 campground sites, half of which offer electrical hookup capacity. The park also includes restrooms and showers for campers, a picnic area, fish cleaning station, ' opportunities. ,attract visit0rs, ,. ir\creasiAg local toarism revenues. • l .• • Penny Park " ' ~ • ,a and boat launch facility. The park is regionally significant as an access to Manistee Lake, which Demographic groups with: ,expendable ihcome a~d significant c1mbu.rits, of leisure time, such as retirees an~ - young profes- ~ , sional, of.t;~n .felocate to co~munities, with . · ,. oriented", lifestyle and a hi ', also provides access to the Manistee River and Lake Michigan. Fishing in these water resources is considered world-class, and as such Penny Park attracts a large number of visitors to the community in the spring and summer months. Penny Park is owned by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources {DNR), and is leased to and maintained by the Village. The lease agreement requires that all fees collected for usage of the park be held separately and dedicated solely to improvements, maintenance, and staffing at Penny Park. Page 22 �Recreation "\ . ,. ,,. ' .Prio r ~'Bi.Jou ~ ~ 1""' Village of East Lake Village of Eastlake Recreation Inventory " - ' State Trunklines ~ atier Roads .............,Railroad Lakes & Ponds -·~- ' ~ Rivers & Creeks . . Public/Recreational M.,,,.s Irr Lnlw Village of East Lake t "' Illa Page 23 �Eastlake Village Master Plan Accessibility Assessment: Some of the park's facilities meet accessibility guidelines. Regional Recreational Assets Natural Resource Areas Johnson Field baseball diamond, The Village is surrounded by hundreds of thou- basketball court, and playground. The park was sands of acres of national forest, lakes, and donated by Village resident Art Johnson. Origi- streams. These natural resources and outdoor nally used by local softball and baseball recreation opportunities are prized assets for leagues, usage of the park has dropped off over the Village, the County, and the region as a the years. whole. 276 miles of rivers and streams in Man- Johnson Field includes a istee County-including 45 miles of wild, sce- Accessibility Assessment: Some of the park's facilities meet accessibility guidelines. nic, or natural rivers-wind through the County, offering quality fishing, canoeing, and kayaking experiences. Additional fishing and Nature Walk boating opportunities, along with swimming The nature walk is located on Village-owned access, are available in the County's many in- property in the southern end of the Village, and land lakes-which total over 9600 acres of sur- includes a loop through forest area, totaling face water-and along the 25 miles of Lake about 2 miles of trails. Michigan shoreline. The Nature Walk is maintained by local scout groups. Accessibility Assessment: None of the park's facilities meet accessibility guidelines. About 73% of the County, or about 253,200 acres, is forested; much of this acreage is accessible to the public as part of the Manistee National Forest. These areas, both within and Eastlake Playground The Eastlake Playground, located on a small lot behind the Village Hall, was developed in 2011 and includes a new play structure. The park was developed with donations in an effort led by Village residents. Additional improvements, including landscaping and seating, are planned. surrounding the Village, lend themselves to outdoor recreation activities like fishing, snowmobiling, hunting, skiing, hiking, and mountain biking. Access to areas is available for snowmobilers, ORVs, cyclists, skiers, hikers, and others through several trail systems including the North Country Trail. Accessibility Assessment: None of the park's facilities meet accessibility guidelines. Nationally significant regional recreational op- Page 24 �Village of East Lake Green Infrastructure ~ Non-Motortzed Trals " ' - ' state Trunkline ~ OlherRoads RivelS "' Lakes ~ Potential Flood ProneAreas GJ (? 0 0 Public Land other Public Lands Source \Miter Protection Areas IM!llhead Protection Areas ~ High Risk Landslile Areas "0 Ill °di 00 M V'.9tlands Forested Land AgricuMural Land N u, .·' 'l>.~ ,!1l1 ,· Map Date: 15 N011ember 2010 Map Produced By: u.-, u...~~thiol. fuf'IU.4 - ....... NorthW..t Michigan Councl cl GkMllrv'INtntl ~i ~"kf<lfH Aln,w,,1 , t""1munll y f~V7~ :;IC ct> n 0.5 \ m Q) 1 MHes tt 0 ::, �m DJ ~ DJ '7' It) Green Infrastructure ~ ~ Non-Motorized Trails DJ OQ ~ state Trunkllne ~ It) County Roads s: Rivers DJ Ill r+ Lakes ~ Potential Flood Prone Areas Q PUblic Land 0 Other Public Lands Q 0 ~"\5 Wellhead Protection Areas High Risk Landslide Areas WeUands l4 Forested Land " "' ~ N Q\ ~- 0 4 Miles Map Date: 26 January 2010 Map Pruduced By: ,r.O,,,..Zf":"""$!\-l'ef.fl!I ~""'· - ~- " ' Council Nodllwelt f,flchlgan ~j afG~enneull ~i,;,v:r• ~w,i,,r','•(0,1' •Ill>!\< -, Manistee County Source Water Protection Areas f::'.], It) ""C DJ ::::, �Recreation portunities-including the Sleeping Bear Dunes The seven-member Village Council is elected National Lakeshore in Benzie and Leelanau every two years to adopt budgets, approve Counties-are located within an hour's drive contracts, adopt policies, and oversee staff. from the Village and are easily accessible to Budgets, planning, staffing, and other issues Manistee residents. related to the parks and other Village facilities are overseen by the Village Council. Snowmobile and ORV Trails Snowmobiling is a popular winter activity for Staff & Volunteers both residents and visitors. In addition to desig- Parks are maintained by Village maintenance nated trail systems, within the national forest, staff, which includes one full time employee. A snowmobiles and off-road vehicles (ORVs) are park attendant for Penny Park is employed sea- authorized to use Village street right-of-ways. sonally. Some maintenance is conducted by volunteers or community services groups. Private Recreation Facilities Private golf courses, campgrounds, and other Funding & Budgeting amenities are available throughout the Village Funding for park maintenance, improvements, and County. and activities comes from several Village funds. Penny Park improvements, maintenance, and staffing is supported by campground fees, Administration, Funding and Budgeting which are deposited in a park fund dedicated solely to Penny Park activities. In 2010, about $14,000 was budgeted for Penny Park. Village Council Page 27 �Eastlake Village Master Plan Maintenance for the Nature Walk is supported Maintenance and improvement activities at by a percentage of funding from the Major Johnson Field are supported by funding from Street and Local Street Program. Funding is set the "general maintenance" fund; $1,000 was annually based on federal guidelines for the budgeted for this fund in 2010. maintenance and upkeep of off-road areas. $5,049 was budgeted for off-road street maintenance in 2010; funds cover both nature walk maintenance and landscaping along the tunnel of trees. Issues and Opportunities How does Eastlake build on its recreation assets? Where are improvements needed? What is missing from the recreation system? What types of recreation opportunities do residents need and want? To begin to answer some of these questions, issues and opportunities have Recreation Priorities: ~~ been identified for consideration in goal 201-:t Survey Results setting, action planning, and policy developThe 20P Maste~ Plan Surve,y asked respond- , ment. ents abo1:Jt the importance of the devel9pment , or enh~neement of the following types of rec~: reation. Follawirig are the percentage or sponse~ that indicated that _these acti~ities, are . "very important" or "somewhat important."· 1 Demographics re-, . ! Different population groups have different rec- ' reation needs and interests; so when planning for recreation facilities, the community's growth trends, age, and income levels are imfis~in~ access 91% ,, portant factors to consider. Eastlake has seen Boating access 86% some population shifts over the last ten years, Playground equipment 68% Athletic f.ields/tennii co~rts 56% drop in the number of family households, and Hiking/skiing trails 52% increasing numbers of seniors. As individuals Swimming 51% as noted in Chapter 2, Existing Conditions and Context, with a decreasing household size, a age, needs increase for facilities that accommoUniversal accessibility features ·46% , Snowmobile/ORV use of Vil- 41% . lage streets (, . -Snowmobile/O~V trail$ date passive recreation such as walking and boating. Barrier-free access to recreation is particularly important for an aging population, and the provision of barrier-free recreation will become an increasingly high priority as the population ages. Page 28 �Recreation With nearly a quarter of the Village's population under the age of 18, youth-oriented recreation opportunities will continue to be important both for current residents and as an Planning Process The recreatiort plan was developed with guidance from the Eastlake Village Planning Commission and Master Plan Committee, with assistance from the Northwest Michigan Council of amenity to draw new families to the Village. Governments (NWMCOG). In addition to age considerations, it's also important to ensure that activities and amenities Public Input in the community are within the financial Public input was obtained through Committee means of the majority of residents. Because input, a Village Master Plan Public Forum held per capita and median household income in the in March 2011, and a community survey that Village are lower than the County and the State was mailed to all Village addresses and proper- of Michigan, the need for free activities or low- ty owners in March 2011. er prices to accommodate families and those with moderate incomes may be important. Recreation Plan Comment Period Notices were posted relative to the availability Penny Park of the plan for review on November 25, 2011 Public input shows that Penny Park activities- and December 23, 2011. No comments were namely boating and fishing-are considered received during the plan comment period. important priorities, and the 2011 Master Plan survey showed that a majority (78%) of residents would support overall improvements to Public Hearing and Adoption the park. Support was even higher for specific Public hearings were held on January 11, 2012 improvements relative to boating and fishing, and February 8, 2012. The Planning Commis- with a significant majority of respondents .sion recommended adoption of the Recreation (91%) answering that development or enhance- Plan to the Village Council on January 11, 2012. ment of fishing access was somewhat or very The Village Council approved the plan on Feb- important. 86% felt that boating access im- ruary 8, 2012. provements or enhancements were important. In addition to support expressed in the survey, Page 29 �Eastlake Village Master Plan discussions at the March 2011 public forums recreation comments were centered on Penny Park improvements, as follows: Johnson Field 2011 survey results and forum comments indi- • Dredging canal to improve fishing access • Floating dock to enhance accessibility with only 16% of survey respondents stating • Linkages to the Village and other parks that they use the park. A low percentage of through a trail or stairway from Johnson survey Field to Penny Park they're satisfied with the park. At the public cate that Johnson Field usage is generally low, respondents (25%) indicated that forums, residents discussed low usage, con• Landscaping, maintenance, and general improvements to address issues and needs for lighting, waste, signage, and landscaping. • cerns over maintenance of the park, and an interest in improvements to the ball fields, dugouts, and lighting, to encourage greater usage by local softball and baseball teams, including Improvements to restrooms and showers, Little League. including universal accessibility features • Swimming access is not currently available on Manistee Lake, due to marsh areas Nature Walk and Trails along the shoreline. A number of beaches The Nature Walk lacks linkages to other trail that provide swimming access to Lake systems, which may contribute to relatively low Michigan are available in nearby Manistee. usage levels. Access to Penny Park is currently only available from an access drive located outside of the Village's primary residential area. A trail and stairway from Johnson Field to the lakefront and Penny Park were identified in the public forum as possible recreation improvements that would enhance access and usage for residents. Public discussions also included linkages to existing snowmobile and other trails within the National Forest, with parking availability. Connections such as these between Penny Park, Village neighborhoods, other Village parks, and surrounding trail systems could enhance use of the community's resources and attract visitors Page 30 �Recreation Timeframe Goal/ Action General Improvements 2012 Install security cameras 2012+ Provide accessibility features at all parks Provide for parking and landscaping improvements at all parks Penny Park Dredge canal 2012 Implement general park improvements to campsites, access, 2012 signage, and park facilities Develop a floating dock 2012+ Provide electric hookups for all campsites 2012+ Johnson Field Improve lighting at the ball fields 2012+ Provide for parking 2012 Develop a gazebo or picnic area 2012+ Nature Walk Provide for parking 2012 Pursue trail expansions and/or linkages with nearby trail sys- 2012+ terns Eastlake Playground 2012 Landscaping and seating improvements Other Develop a "snowmobile route" with posted signage from trail 2012+ throughout the Village Explore and consider implementation of a trail or walkway providing access to Penny Park/Manistee Lake shoreline from Village residential areas Page 31 2012+ �Eastlake Village Master Plan looking for mountain biking, snowmobiling, or other trail-based recreation opportunities. Community Events Discussion at public forums included comments about historical community events and declining participation. Festivals and other community events to celebrate local history could help build public pride and community engagement. Page 32 �Chapter 5: Land Use An understanding of existing land use patterns ment and redevelopment, and are based is required to ensure that any future develop- on the goals and objectives of the commu- ment or redevelopment is compatible with the nity, as identified in the planning process. Village's existing character, environmental fea- The future land use map is not intended to tures, community needs, and vision and goals. be parcel specific; future land use recom- The Master Plan addresses land use through mendations are intended be used as a long- analysis portrayed range (20+ years), general guide for devel- through several types of maps and descrip- opment patterns. Desired results are not tions: expected to occur in the near future. • and recommendations The existing land use map and descriptions identify the current, "on the ground," uses of properties within the Village, regardless of what is permitted by zoning or recommended by the Master Plan. • sions, this chapter includes descriptions of existing land use and neighborhood types found in the Village, as well as issues and opportuni- Zoning identifies the permitted land uses for development and redevelopment for ties that have been identified for each use. each geographic area in the Village. The Residential zoning map shows what is allowed to occur A sizable majority of Eastlake's developed land legally on a parcel-by-parcel basis, regard- • To provide a context for future land use deci- area consists of residential uses. The 2010 Cen- less of the current existing use for that par- sus reports that there are 266 housing units in cel. the Village, of which 231 units (87%) are occu- The future land use map and descriptions pied. identify the preferred patterns of develop- Eastlake Zoning Ordinance & Relation to the Master Plan The Master Plan and Zoning Ordinance are closely connected, and both have important impacts on 'land use and development. The Michigan Zoning Enabling Act {PA 110 of 2006) requires zoning to be based on ari adopted plan that is designed to promote the health, safety, and general welfare of ' all citizens. The master plan provides guidance for zoning decisions, including amendments to the text or the zoning map. As such, zoning is the method most commonly used to achieve master plan goals. However, it's important to recognize that the Master Plan is only a guide, and does not have the rule of law and cannot enforce where or how something is built. The Zoning Ordinance, on the other hand, is a legally enforceable law that regulates land and buildings, and establishes standards for development. ' Page 33 �Eastlake Village Master Plan Commercial Commercial land uses make up only a small percentage of the Village's land area. One commercial establishment, a restaurant, is located on M-55, a second is located within a residential neighborhood, and a third is located along the Manistee Lake shoreline. However, significant acreage is currently zoned for commercial development along M-55. Industrial According to the 2009 American Community There are currently no industrial uses within Survey, Eastlake's housing stock primarily con- the Village. However, significant acreage along sists of owner-occupied single family homes the shore of Manistee Lake has historically and mobile homes. been used for industry. This area, which currently has access to rail service and has been • Single Family Residential: The majority - 86% - of the Village's housing stock consists considered for new industrial development, is zoned for industry. of single-family detached homes. • Mobile Homes: A mobile home park, the The Village of Eastlake also owns 10 acres in Village's newest housing development, is the Manistee Industrial Park Renaissance Zone. located on the south end of the Village. According to the American Community Survey, about 7.8% of the Village's housing stock consists of mobile homes. • Multi-Family Residential: Community Facilities and Services About 5% of Community facilities and services play an im- housing units are 2 or more units. portant role in the Village's vitality, and serve health, recreational, and government needs of Over half of the Village's housing stock was the Village. The quality of these services and built before 1960, and about a third was built facilities is linked inextricably with the Village's prior to 1940. quality of life. These uses are closely aligned Page 34 �Land Use . Eastlake Housing Stock Occupied and Vacant Housing Units # Occupied Housing Units Vacant Housing Units For rent 231 86.8% 35 13.2% 16 45.7% Rented, not occupied 0 For sale only Sold, not occupied For seasonal, recreational, or occa- 5 14.3% 1 2.9% sional use 6 17.1% All other vacants 7 20% Source: 2009 American Community Survey Year Structure Built Source: 2009 American Community Survey 1990to 1999 earlier 31% --1% 1980-1989 4% 1970to 1979 8% 6% 9% Page 35 �Eastlake Village Master Plan with residential areas, and are often considered Eastlake has no central water or sewer system. to be part of the neighborhood. There are sev- Homes and other structures are serviced by eral public facilities in the Village, including private wells and septic systems. parks, Village offices and service areas, the Little River Band Natural Resources building, and the Eastlake Post Office. Other critical ser- Other Facilities and Services vices and facilities that meet community Many essential services are available nearby in health, educational, and other needs are locat- Manistee City and Township: ed nearby in the City of Manistee and Manistee Township. • Medical Facilities: The West Shore Medical Center, a 25-bed nonprofit, acute care criti- Village Hall cal access hospital that provides emergen- The Village Hall, an historic structure located in cy, diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilita- the center of the Village, serves as community tion services, is located on Parkdale Avenue meeting and event space, and houses adminis- in Manistee Township, about 4 miles out- trative offices. The hall was built in the late side the Village of Eastlake. nineteenth century. • Schools: Eastlake is located in the Manistee Area Public School District. • Village Services Libraries: Manistee County operates several libraries, in Arcadia, Bear Lake, Kaleva, The Village Fire Department is a volunteer fire Manistee, Onekama, and Wellston. department. The department, formed in 1881, is one of the oldest in the state. A Village- owned storage building houses fire equipment. Transportation Highways and Streets Other Village-owned property include the leaf dump/compost site, four parks, and open land. M-55, an east-west state highway, bisects the About 80 acres of Village-owned property are northeast quarter of the Village. located near the southern Village boundary. Parks are addressed in detail in Chapter 4, Recreation. The Village maintains 8.47 miles of streets, including 2.55 miles of major streets and 5.92 miles of local streets. Utilities Page 36 �Land Use All-terrain vehicles and off-road vehicles, in- is located on Village-owned property in the cluding snowmobiles, are permitted in the Vil- south of the Village. lage street rights-of-way. Transit Air and Rail The Village's public transit needs are served by Regional air service is available nearby at the Manistee-Blacker Airport, located three miles northeast of the City of Manistee. A new terminal built in 20007, along with new security fencing and instrument landing system, have enhanced the services of the airport. the Manistee Transportation Authority, a private nonprofit corporation. Established in 1975, it receives funding from state and federal sources along with county tax revenues from a dedicated transportation millage that supports public transportation services. MCT provides dial-a-ride service within a service area of Rail lines are located in the Village of Eastlake along the shore of Manistee Lake. Freight is about 544 square miles; in 2010, over 109,000 passengers were served by MCT. the primary usage of the rail system, which currently provides services to Manistee industries. Public transit is most frequently used by four groups: those with low incomes, seniors, individuals with disabilities, and households with Non-Motorized Transportation limited access to vehicles. About 40% of MCT's Some residential streets are served by side- total ridership is comprised of seniors and per- walks. The Nature Walk, a non-motorized trail, sons with disabilities. Page 37 �Eastlake Village Master Plan and population ages, it's important to provide a Issues and Opportunities variety of housing types and sizes to accommo- Residential Character & Development date the needs of smaller households and an Public input expressed a strong desire to maintain and enhance the primarily residential character of the Village, with survey results and public discussions both stressing an interest and priority in preserving the existing mix of land uses. 92% of respondents to the community survey indicated support for maintaining the aging population. Currently, the majority of housing stock for sale consists of mobile homes. Additional housing options and land available for residential use will be an important consideration. New Commercial Development primarily residential character of the Village. As Public input throughout the planning process included discussions about opportunities for might be expected from these responses, there new commercial development. Survey respons- was also strong support for new single family es showed low levels of support for general commercial development; but when more spe- home development. cific questions were asked relative to neighborhood commercial development- i.e. small re- Household Characteristics and Housing Demand tail, services, or offices-support increased to 59%. Just over half of respondents supported Trends toward shrinking household sizes mean that more housing units will be needed simply the idea of additional highway commercial such as gas stations and retail. In public forums, dis- to maintain existing population levels. Changes cussions expressed an interest in small scale in demographics will also result in changes in housing demand. As household size declines commercial uses that could meet residents' basic shopping needs, such as a small grocery 1 Best-Pr~c;tice: Planned Unit Devel9pments . ' A planned unit development (PtJD) is a zorting techoiqu~ that acts a~ a type of overlay or supplement to existing zoning. PUDs allow some flexibility in terms of use, density, and site layout, but also include a special review process, in which the site plan is reviewed in the context of adopted community goals or standards that are included jn the PUD ordinance. This technique is often used . in creatihg iarge-scale, mixed-use developments, as they provide a certain level of flexibilfty that is .balanced with community involvement and accountability. The tei:rh "PUD" is often used interchangeably t9 ,. . zoning regu1ation. . mean both the development itself, as well as the. . ' Page38 �Land Use store or convenience store. Responses and discussions generally appear to support the idea of some small scale commercial development, but only if it allows the Village to retain its residential character. New industrial development The 2011 Master Plan survey showed very low levels of support for industrial development, particularly relative to heavy industry (about 8% positive responses). However, there were more positive responses for light industrial activities like high-tech electronics and computer -related manufacturing, with about 51% indicating they would support this type of development. ing units of government, including Manistee County, Manistee Township, and Little River Band on some initiatives. Several comments in the surveys and public forums addressed the potential for partnership with other communities on some issues. Village hall Due to its age, the Village Hall needs some rehabilitation. An energy efficiency audits was completed in 2011, and indicated needs for new lighting and improvements to building envelope, systems (including heating), and controls, in order to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption and costs. Some structural improvements may also be necessary. Partnerships The Village of Eastlake has successfully implemented partnerships in the past for community services such as maintenance and beautification efforts. There has been discussion on exploring opportunities to partner with neighbor- Page 39 �Village of Eastlake Zoning Pine Creek Legend ""'-.,Roads (ii East Lake Village £3, Lakes ""-- Rivers Zoning ~ Commercial Agriculture ~ Industrial ~ Public Purpose 15th ..; ~ Residential 16th (=:) Residential 2 The information included in this map was provided by the Village of Eastlake in 2011, and may not reflect the most current conditions. Please contact the Vil- Single Family Discretionary lage for the official Eastlake Village Zoning Map. Created: June 2011 Page40 �Village of Eastlake: Existing Land Use Pine Creek Legend ,.,.__ Rivers ~ Roads Lakes Existing Land Use . . eommercial orestfOpenSpace ubliC Page41 �Page 42 �DRAFT 9-13-11 Chapter 6: Goals, Objectives, & Action Statements The goals, objectives, and action strategies in this chapter are intended to guide future devel- Land Use opment, policy initiatives, and other activities Goal: in a manner that reflects the community's val- and design that meet the needs of existing ues and priorities. These goals were developed and future land uses, while maintaining and using public input, previously adopted plans enhancing Eastlake's sense of place. and studies, and analysis of current conditions, Encourage balanced land use patterns Objective as discussed in previous plan chapters. Improve the quality of existing housing stock. • Provide consistent enforcement of Village ordinances. In order to appropriate! b~ing made towards the community's vision-it's important to undetsta ' - , ~ ~ 1'~ their relatiao~hip to ~~ch other. Goals descri tion o t e e provide g_eneral direction and se • issues .and spe~ific ne ibjectives t ar4;! broad in s are a ~eans of ~diieving·goals, !3n~ are attainable. Gtion Strategies fih the 51>ecifits nece;a 'igbt be qs~d to a.ceomplis,h multiple_objectives; or ie_s, /\ctio~ strategi ·· ' implementation tool Page43 · -· �Eastlake Village Master Plan • Work with community partners to provide with minimal noise, lighting, emissions, or and promote housing rehabilitation pro- environmental impacts to adjacent uses. grams and incentives. • • • Allow for some low-impact commercial Continue and enhance enforcement of ex- type uses such as home occupations, cot- isting nuisance and land use regulations. tage industries, or office space in nonconforming buildings, provided impacts to neighboring residential properties are minimal. Review staffing and administration to ensure regular enforcement of existing regulations. Objective Provide for a range of housing types, sizes, Transportation and prices. Goal: • Continue to provide for a range of housing transportation system. densities throughout the Village. Objective Encourage high-quality housing infill devel- Provide a balanced, high-quality, multi-modal opment in existing residential areas. transportation network that provides safety and efficiency for all users. • • Consider zoning changes to allow for a range of housing sizes or types that are Provide a safe, efficient, and balanced Action Strategies consistent with existing residential • neighborhoods and character. system to provide for traffic flow that is Objective safe and efficient for all users, including Provide for a range of uses to support the service, shopping, employment, and recreation vehicle/truck traffic, pedestrians, bicyclists, and others. needs of residents and visitors. • Action Strategies • shoulders on street pavement for bicycles. Regularly review, and if necessary, update, • • Explore the creation of nonmotorized linkages to nearby trail systems, parks, and to ensure ... neighboring communities. Provide for commercial uses that meet the basic needs of residents and visitors, with Create separate bike/walking paths, where needed and feasible. Consider safe, wide Village zoning and other land use policies • Maintain and improve the existing road • Develop private road standards to accom- minimal impacts to residential neighbor- modate small-scale developments. Stan- hoods. dards should address road width, design specifications, surfacing types, and mainte- Provide for well-designed industrial uses Page 44 �Goals, Objectives, and Action Statements : Village'Charact:er av~ trees on Bullfrog - eed a g~ea\~r sen.se of Rlc!c egative image , etter upkeep -=-_maintain or i s tG celebrat~ "Mai'ntain residential character -prov_efi~hi~g ·Keep :f be V.illage 'the,s~·me as it efficiency, acilities ,:·services • _ ~~ndscaping/pla_ n ting with native plan Beautification -flowers, trees, etc fiotentiaJ for sale or development of owned land. _ separ,ate fr om Manist - Use prison or jail workers for com"!u br-ate hetJtage -Market and advertise assets " Provide improvements to Village his!ori c character Keep walkable, safe and quiet • Preserve Bullfrog Alley _Organize more comrnunity events - community yard sales, picnics, art fairs, softball; "8tc. · Management of government employees · Restore sense of community ome a charter city • Attract' more young families • Need more jo'bs tC? attract new residents ntial partilership opporturait-ies wi • ,Make safer routes to bus stops Fire department upgr;de - own building · Vision:.Recreation & Natural Resources · Renewable}alternative energy sources for local su.stainability OP,en up y,,ater way ta Penny Park -· #I' Build stairway from ball field to Penny Park. • Basic-recreation improvements Vision: Land Use Upgrades at Johnson Field - lighting, dugouts, parking • • flshi,ng dock-floating docks? •• Condos Restaurant' _ 0 • • Dredging_ -Fishinglpknic/water access · rails ,,,_ L-i~ht industry- home business, live/work Mini-mart on M-55 t: Kee.p the buffer between the industria·1park and the Village k impr6vements -: Ian $Cap111g, re , imming opporfuoities,. increased infraure i.eAfa~dica-p a · ·· ' Stnall-scaJe comme'ricial uses ming area possibilit Resjdentiai'and com'Cmercial growth couldincrease:revenue ~ Botential for nea - - mercial dev.e Keep residential ~tmosphere with DNR de snowmobile/ORV _ . ot and trail int reet. Regulate Small light quiet. commerce/industry , II grocery, gas station, bait st9re,.· . ~ ta.national Page45 . �Eastlake Village Master Plan nance agreements, at a minimum. • • opportunities in civic spaces. Support the region's public transportation system. Encourage and support arts and cultural Objective Preserve Eastlake's historic and unique char- Quality of Life & Sense of Action Strat egies Place Goal: acter • necessary. life and small-town character of the Village of Eastlake. Objective Maintain willow tree "tunnel of trees" along Bullfrog Highway, replanting when Maintain and enhance the quality of • Celebrate heritage with community events. • Encourage and support historic preserva- Encourage citizen engagement in local govern- tion programs and efforts at the Village Hall ment and community events. and in Village neighborhoods. Action Strategies • Promote and encourage the use of parks Natural Resources and civic space for community events and festivals. Goal: Protect and promote Eastlake's natu- ral features Objective Preserve and enhance natural areas such as wetlands, floodplains, and woodland areas Action Strategies • Support and participate in the development of a Manistee Lake plan that addresses water quality and other environmental issues within the lake and along the shoreline • Work with DNR and other stakeholders to pursue habitat restoration in bayou area of Manistee Lake • Page46 Work with Little River Band on shoreline �Goals, Objectives, and Action Statements redevelopment . • provements at all parks Continue to work with Manistee Lake stakeholders toward water quality im- • Dredge Penny Park canal • Implement general Penny Park improve- provement measures. ments to campsites, access, signage, and park facilities • Develop a floating dock at Penny Park • Provide electric hookups for all campsites nities for all ages and abilities, that meet the • Improve Johnson Field lighting community's existing and future needs . • Provide for Johnson Field parking Objective • Recreation Goal: Provide a variety of recreation opportu- Develop a gazebo or picnic area at Nature Walk Maintain and improve existing parks. • Action Strategies Provide for parking at the Nature Walk • Install security cameras Objective • Provide accessibility features at all parks Consider trail linkages and expansions to en- • Provide for parking and landscaping im- hance access to additional recreation and transportation options Page47 �Eastlake Village Master Plan Action Strategies • • • Community Facilities & Pursue trail expansions and/or linkages with nearby trail systems Services Develop a "snowmobile route" with posted Goal: Provide cost-effective, responsive, effi- signage from Nature Walk trail throughout cient services and facilities that adequately the Village meet the community's existing and future Explore and consider implementation of a trail or walkway providing access to Penny Park/Manistee Lake shoreline from Village residential areas needs. Objective Maintain and improve existing community buildings, facilities, and services. Objective Action Strategies Provide cost-effective, responsive, efficient recreation services and facilities Action Strategies • Improve public building facades. • Update Village hall interior and implement energy audit recommendations and necessary structural improvements. • Appoint a 5- to 7-member recreation com- • web presence. mittee to oversee park improvements and activities and make recommendations on Develop and promote an effective Village Objective park activities and budgets to the Village Provide cost-efficient, effective Village ser- Council. vices. • Maintain an updated 5-year recreation plan. Action Strategies • Implement energy efficiency features in community buildings and facilities. • Work with other community organizations to address improvement or expansion needs. • Pursue grant funding and donations for projects when applicable and available. Page48 �Goals, Objectives, and Action Statements on areas of mutual concern. Partnerships, Cooperation, & • Civic Engagement Goal: Partner with nonprofits and community groups on fundraising and implementation activities. Work closely and collaboratively with neighboring communities, stakeholder groups, • Coordinate with service groups, nonprofits, and the public to implement shared goals and schools, and other community partners to objectives. encourage civic engagement and volun- Objective teerism in the implementation of community goals. Pursue partnerships that provide greater costeffectiveness and efficiencies Action Strategies • Continue the Village's working relationship with neighboring jurisdictions to coordinate planning and other Village activities. • Engage in regular communications with neighboring communities and stakeholders Page49 �Chapter 7: Future Land Use & Zoning Plan The Future Land Use Map and district descrip- long range guide that describes the intended tions translate the Plan's goals, objectives, and character of the Village's neighborhoods and action statements into future land use policy. districts, and portrays a general land use ar- Future land use district boundaries and recom- rangement. mendations are based on existing land use, environmental conditions, social and economic characteristics, and community goals and ob- The map and descriptions included in this chap- jectives. ter are intended to ensure that existing land uses can continue while allowing for wellplanned growth and investment that protects The map and district descriptions identify de- and enhances local assets. As such, the Future sired future land use development patterns Land Use Map and district descriptions will and approximate locations for each district. serve as a guide for the Village, residents, prop- The map is not intended to be parcel-specific erty owners, developers, and other stake- and as such does not reflect the precise holders when considering new policies, current boundaries or dimensions of future develop- issues, land use and zoning decisions, public ment. Rather, the Future Land Use Map is a improvements, and community investments. Page 50 �Future Land Use & Zoning Plan Future Land Use Designations & schools, daycares, etc), and do not detract from the residential character of the neighborhood. Zoning Plan Any non-residential uses must limit impacts such as traffic volumes, lighting, and signage. Residential 1 Existing Conditions The Residential 1 category includes a range of Residential 2 medium- to high-density single family residen- Existing Conditions tial areas, most of which is located in or near the central core of the Village. Most homes are of traditional nineteenth-century design or single-level mid-20th-century homes. Some nonresidential uses, including small-scale business, parks, and governmental uses, currently exist in this district. The Residential 2 district includes existing single family homes and some undeveloped property to the south of the Village core. Existing development consists of medium-density manufactured homes in Eastlake Estates, a small subdivision. Future Land Use Intent Future Land Use Intent The intent of the Residential 1 district is to preserve the single-family residential character of existing neighborhoods while offering a range of housing types, prices, and sizes. New singlefamily residential development should be com- The intent of this district is to support the continued development of the planned residential subdivision and allow for additional singlefamily home development in a variety of sizes and densities. with historic development patterns, New development should be consistent with and should be well-connected to adjacent the design and architectural styles of existing neighborhoods, commercial districts, and ser- Village residential areas, and should be con- vices via sidewalks, trailways, and streets. nected to adjacent neighborhoods via streets, patible trailways, or sidewalks. This Plan recognizes that some non-residential uses in this district provide important services, Rural Residential employment, and recreation opportunities to Existing Conditions residents. Accessory uses, home occupations, two-family dwellings, public or community The Rural Residential district includes much of uses, and small scale services may be appropri- the Village's undeveloped areas, as well as ate if the use supports the needs and functions some existing low- to medium-density single of the neighborhood (i.e. parks, churches, family homes. Existing homes in this district are Page 51 �Eastlake Village Master Plan of a variety of architectural styles, and many commodate existing uses and residential devel- are on larger lots that are somewhat separated opment, while providing additional opportuni- from the Village core. Homes and lots have a ties for small-scale retail, office, or service uses. more rural or forested character than residen- Uses that serve basic shopping or service needs tial lots within or near the Village core. for residents and visitors are encouraged. Future Land Use Intent New development should include considera- The intent of this district is to allow for some additional residential development in a more rural setting, in a variety of sizes and densities. Development should be consistent with the rural and forested character of the area. Development should provide for both vehicular and non-motorized transportation connections with other parts of the community. Private roads or other infrastructure may be necessary to serve tion of best practices for site design in order to encourage safe and efficient traffic flow. Parking areas should be designed to minimize impervious surfaces and the amount of roadway frontage devoted to parking. Parking lots should be screened and/or located to the side or rear of buildings, and requirements relative to the amount of parking should be flexible. Lighting should be designed so as not to encroach upon neighboring properties. New de- some areas of the Village. velopment should be well-connected to other parts of the Village through streets, sidewalks, Best practices for site design, including open or trailways. space conservation, non-motorized connections or trailways, and environmentally sensitive development patterns, should be considered. Shoreline Existing Conditions As one of the Village's most important assets, and in consideration of existing environmental Commercial conditions, the Manistee Lake shoreline has Existing Conditions been designated a special land use category. The Commercial district includes one existing The Shoreline district includes a mix of uses commercial use and surrounding acreage along along the shoreline, including Penny Park, the M-55. Little River Band Natural Resources administration building, and a boat storage/warehouse building, along with rail, road, and water trans- Future Land Use Intent portation access. Significant amounts of wet- The intent of the Commercial district is to ac- lands and steep slopes create environmentally Page 52 �Future Land Use & Zoning Plan sensitive conditions that may impact development, and some portions of the district have been identified as brownfield sites. Public/Recreation Existing Conditions The Public/Recreation district includes proper- Future Land Use Intent ties that are permanently protected due to The intent of the Shoreline district is to allow status as environmentally sensitive areas, rec- for continued use of the waterfront while pre- reational uses, or government-owned proper- serving and enhancing the Village's natural re- ties, including Village-owned parks, wetlands, sources and sensitive natural features. Devel- and the former Village dump. opment may be permitted in this district, but because of existing conditions, may be subject to additional state and federal regulations per- Future Land Use Intent taining to sensitive natural features or brown- The intent of the Public/Recreation district is to field conditions. allow for preservation of the Village's natural areas and to accommodate and enhance rec- Uses that protect and enhance the Village's reation opportunities and community facilities. natural resources and recreational activities, such as natural areas, trailways, and parks, are Uses that protect and enhance the Village's encouraged. Some residential, commercial, or natural resources and recreational activities, light industrial development may be appropri- such as natural areas, trailways, and parks, are ate, provided that the area's natural resources encouraged. Any recreation-related develop- are protected. Any new development should ment should consider best practices that limit consider best practices that limit negative im- negative impacts to the natural environment, pacts to the natural environment, such as natu- such as natural landscaping, shielded lighting, ral landscaping, shielded lighting, use of native use of native vegetation, and low impact or vegetation, and low impact or environmentally environmentally sensitive development tech- sensitive development techniques. Any indus- niques. trial or commercial development should be low -intensity, with low emissions, noise levels, and limited impacts to adjacent uses or natural resources. New development should be compatible with surrounding neighborhoods and wellconnected to other parts of the Village through streets, sidewalks, or tra ilways. Page 53 �Eastlake Village Master Plan Draft Future Land Use Map ""-" State Trunklines ~ Other Roads ~ Railroad l akes & Ponds ,.rv-• - Rivers & Creeks Fu1ure Land Use ( \ . . Corrmercial . . PubficJRecreati onal Residential Residential 2 . . Rural Residential . . Shoreline Page 54 �Chapter 8: Plan Implementation an appropriate mix of uses is permitted. Zoning Plan Zoning has traditionally been the primary • Special or conditional use provisions, to means of implementation for most master allow for higher-intensity uses, such as in- plans. Further, the Michigan Planning Enabling dustry, while ensuring that impacts to sur- Act (PA 33 of 2008) requires the Master Plan to rounding neighborhoods are minimal. include a zoning plan, showing how land use categories on the future land use map relate to • Site plan review language insures that development is in compliance with the zoning the zoning map. The Future Land Use Map and ordinance and other requirements, and district descriptions act as the Village of East- provides a review mechanism that ensure lake Zoning Plan. The proposed land uses illus- that new development is well-designed trated on the future land use plan map are a guide and not intended to indicate the precise with minimal negative impacts to sur- boundary between uses. These uses could vary rounding neighborhoods. depending on how a specific proposal relates • Lighting standards can limit impacts of to existing uses, environmental conditions, and lighting to adjacent properties while pro- to the plan. viding energy savings and reducing sky glow (light pollution). Many goals and objectives in the Master Plan • Private street or road standards regulate can be addressed through administration and private road design, with engineering speci- implementation of, or changes to, the Village fications and guidance for continued main- Zoning Ordinance. Because the Village has not tenance. Private roads can provide access completed a comprehensive update of the zon- to larger undeveloped properties, thereby ing ordinance in some time, it may be neces- offering additional development opportuni- sary in many cases to amend the zoning ordi- ties nance or map in order to accommodate the desired intent of the future land use map. The • Access management is a best practice that guides the placement of driveways and Village should thoroughly review and update traffic circulation, in order to ensure safe existing zoning regulations in order to ensure and efficient traffic flow. that they are consistent with the adopted Master Plan. In particular, some zoning policies • signed to allow for flexibility in parking in the Village may wish to review, update, or de- order to reduce impervious surfaces. velop include: • Parking standards should be carefully de- Zoning district classifications, boundaries, • and uses, should be updated to ensure that Planned unit development regulations allow options and flexibility for large or mixed-use developments, while accom- Page 55 �Eastlake Village Master Plan plishing a number of community goals or dresses expenditures for facilities, mainte- objectives. nance, staffing, and other administrative functions. Rezoning and Conditional Rezoning In many cases, current zoning allows for the use of properties in a way that is consistent with the intent of the Future Land Use Map. However, in some cases, rezonings may be needed to allow for the intended uses or development types of the Future Land Use Map. To aid in the budgeting process, the Village should consider a capital improvements plan {CIP) that provides a blueprint for capital expenditures such as roads, utility improvements, parks, and heavy equipment. The CIP would help maximize tax revenues, encourage efficient administration, and aid in grant applications. Conditional zoning is a technique permitted in Michigan which allows a property owner to voluntarily attach conditions to a rezoning re- Leadership and Public Input quest. These conditions restrict the develop- The Master Plan is implemented in part by de- ment of the property to that scenario proposed cisions that are made by Village leadership on by the applicant, and must be offered by the issues including zoning, budgets, policy, and applicant-not imposed by the local govern- capital improvements. Village leadership in- ment. This technique may be useful in circum- cludes the Village Council, Planning Commis- stances where possible impacts to adjacent sion, Zoning Board of Appeals, and appointed uses are a concern. staff. Each group plays a different role in the implementation of the Master Plan. Village Council Capital Improvements, Grants, & The Village Council is elected every four years Spending to represent the community. Responsibilities While many Village planning goals will be implemented through zoning or other policies, include: • Appointing the Planning Commission expenditures. Because some expenses or im- • Adopting plans and ordinances provements may be eligible for grant funding, • Setting tax rates • Authorizing expenditures and borrowing spending needs will be addressed in the Village • Hiring administrative staff budget, which is adopted annually and ad- • Providing oversight of public facilities some projects or objectives will require local the Village should pursue grant opportunities as appropriate. Other, non-grant funded Page 56 �Plan Implementation • Actively enforce the zoning ordinance and • ing regulations related Village Ordinance • Acting on requests for variances from zon- Other duties as necessary. • Acting on requests for interpretation of zoning regulations Village Planning Commission The Village Planning Commission is appointed by the Village Council and is charged with: • Development of plans and zoning ordionances Zoning Administrator The Zoning Administrator is a staff or volunteer position appointed by the Village Council. Re- • Administration of the Zoning Ordinance • Advising the Village Council on proposed rezonings or zoning ordinance changes sponsibilities include: • Review and investigate applications to ensure compliance with zoning ordinance • Review of development proposals • Regular review (at least once every 5 years), and, if necessary, update of the Village Master Plan • Issue zoning permits, when appropriate • Investigate alleged zoning violations • Conduct site plan reviews and prepare staff reports on zoning applications Zoning Board of Appeals The Zoning Board of Appeals is appointed by Elected and appointed leadership, as well as the Village Council and is responsible for: any paid or volunteer staff, should attend regu- • Hears appeals on zoning decisions lar training sessions on planning and zoning Page 57 �Eastlake Village Master Plan While many of the plan's objectives may be addressed through Village policies, ordinances, or other regulations, many of the goals and objectives will require strong partnerships with community stakeholders. The plan recommends pursuing partnerships with local service clubs, schools, nonprofits, regional agencies, and other levels of government. Partnerships broaden the scope of available grant dollars and other revenue, encourage citizen engagement in community activities, and enhance staff capacities and efficiencies. Possible partners may include: • Manistee County • Little River Band of Ottawa Indians • Manistee Township, City of Manistee, and other neighboring units of government • Local service groups • Student groups • Alliance for Economic Success • Northwest Michigan Council of Govern- fundamentals, best practices, and emerging and innovative approaches to community development. To ensure that the Village is responsive to community and development needs while protecting the public health, safety, and welfare, the Village Council, Planning Commission, and staff should engage in regular, open communication with the community. Regular focus groups, public discussions, or other forum type ments • Michigan Department of Natural Resources • Michigan State Housing Development Authority • Michigan Department of Transportation • Michigan Economic Development Corpora- opportunities should be considered as a means to continuously obtain input and feedback. Partnerships and Citizen Engagement tion Partnerships with some of these organizations Page 58 �Plan Implementation may provide volunteer capital to implement The Recreation Plan, which is included in this some small-scale community projects. Volun- Master Plan, should be reviewed and updated teer activities will be critical to building citizen every five years, to ensure that goals are rele- engagement and community pride. vant and objectives are being addressed. Joint planning with neighboring units of government may also offer some important opportunities for efficiency in planning and administration. Joint planning activities could include shared master plans or recreation plans, shared planning or zoning staff, or planning for issues of intergovernmental concern, such as water quality or watershed plans. Plan Updates The Michigan Planning Enabling Act requires that all plans be reviewed, and updated if necessary, every 5 years. While comprehensive updates may not occur as often as every 5 years, regular review of the plan and its objectives will be important to ensure that the plan and related ordinances are effective, whether the goals and objectives are being addressed, whether the plan's policies are still relevant and appropriate, and which objectives remain to be addressed. During the plan review, several objectives should be identified and prioritized as an implementation schedule, in order to help focus the Planning Commission's activity throughout the year. Page 59 �Eastlake Village Master Plan Public Input: Executive Summary In 2011, the Village of Eastlake began efforts to develop a Village Master Plan and Recreation Plan. The purpose of the Village Master Plan is to provide guidance for land use, zoning decisions, and other community policy; while the Recreation Plan is intended to provide a five-year action plan for recreation improvements and enhancements. As part of this effort, the Eastlake Village Master Plan Committee has worked to obtain public input as a foundation for the plans. Two public forums were held on March 3, 2011, with participation from about 30 residents total. In addition, a survey was mailed to all addresses within the Village and to out-of-town property owners in February 2011. Following is a summary of consistent themes that emerged from community discussions and survey results. Village Character and Quality of Life Comments at the March 3 forum reflect the desire to maintain Eastlake's small town atmosphere and sense of community, which are highly valued by Village residents. However, there was some discussion regarding a decline in attendance or participation in community or social events. Participants also discussed concerns relative to junk or blight, and how these issues contribute to a negative image. These sentiments were reflected in the Village survey, which indicated that relatively low numbers of respondents feel that the social environment (25%) and overall Village appearance (38%) are "good" or "excellent. 92% of respondents would like the Village to remain primarily residential. Survey results also stressed the interest on the part of respondents regarding enforcement of junk or nuisance ordinances, with only 18% indicating that they are satisfied with current enforcement activities, and 77% answering that these activities are somewhat or very important. 86% would support enforcement initiatives in the future. This issue was also addressed in several written comments in the survey Recreation & Natural Resources Recreation and natural resources were identified as important community assets at the forum. Recreation discussions at the forum focused on potential improvements to Penny Park, which attracts the most usage of the three Village parks. Improvements to Penny Park - including restroom improvements, dredging of the canal, and accessibility improvements for boating and fishing - attracted more support than other identified recreation improvements. Other recreation discussion and comments included trail linkages to public forest land; providing for pedestrian accessibility to Penny Park, such as the development of a stairway to the water; and improvements or enhancements to Johnson Field. Community Facilities and Services Surveys addressed current levels of satisfaction and importance levels for Village facilities and services. Maintenance activities - particularly winter maintenance - were identified as the most important, and several comments in the surveys addressed this issue, along with the potential for partnership with other communities on some issues. Discussion at the forum included comments such as addressing access to the leaf dump, partnership opportunities, improvements to the Village hall, fire department building upgrade, and addressing maintenance costs. Apart from historic preservation efforts (i.e. Village Hall), support in the survey for these items appeared to be split, with support for these initiatives at around 50% and significant amounts of neutral responses. These issues appear to be areas that will require careful consideration and discussion in the future. Land Use Responses regarding satisfaction with the community's current mix of land uses were nearly evenly divided between negative, positive, and neutral, but most participants in both the survey (92%) and at the March 3 forum would like to see the Village retain its primarily residential character. However, there is an interest in some small scale commercial. There was discussion and interest at the forum regarding a "neighborhood store" that would serve residents' basic shopping needs. While general survey results don't show substantial support (38%) for general commercial development, that support grows to 59% when specific commercial uses are identified - i.e. neighborhood commercial (small retail, services, offices). Similar results are apparent when respondents are asked about highway commercial (gas stations, retail, dining, etc), which had 54% support in the survey. This holds true for light industrial as well, which had 51% support when specifically identified, compared to very low levels of support for general industrial development. Based on input, it seems that there is interest in commercial or industrial development but at a small scale that serves residents needs. 1 �March 3 Eastlake Village Master Plan Public Forum Public Input Summary Two Eastlake Village Master Plan Public Forums were held on March 3 at the Village Hall; about 30 people participated (total). After presentations on Village planning history, demographics, and plan basics, participants worked in small groups to discuss the following questions: • • What are the Village's most important qualities and assets? What are strengths and weaknesses? Why? What are your hopes and priorities for the future of the Village? What's your vision? Some themes were apparent, based on wrap-up discussions at the forum and on notes from facilitators. The Village's high quality of life and quiet, friendly, safe, small town atmosphere; and parks, open spaces, and recreation emerged as the most important Village assets. Natural resources, including lake frontage, proximity to the Manistee River, and national forest were also cited frequently as Village assets, particularly in relationship to recreation opportunities. Concerns focused on the local economy and Village aesthetics, along with some issues relative to usage or amenities at Village parks. "Main ideas" or themes relative to community vision were as follows,: • • • Maintain the Village's residential character and small town feel, while improving or enhancing the sense of community Maintain and improve the Village parks and recreation opportunities Allow for/encourage some small-scale, low-impact commercial uses that meet needs of residents and visitors Focal points from the discussion included the Village character or image and quality of life; recreation and natural resources; community facilities and services; and land use. Following are summaries of assets, challenges and visions for each of these focus areas. Village Character and Quality of Life Assets: The residential character and quiet, friendly, safe, small town atmosphere were seen as the Village's biggest asset. There was discussion regarding the family friendly environment and sense of community and safety - i.e. knowing your neighbors and neighbors looking out for each other. The Village's historic character and Bullfrog Alley, proximity to Manistee (city assets without city), walkability, and affordable living opportunities were also considered important attributes. Challenges: Junk and maintenance issues create a negative image. There is a lack of services or basic businesses for residents - i.e. bank, grocery, gas station - and for visitors, primarily lodging. Community events that have been held in the past have been "losr - there is a lack of participation and momentum to organize events, and an overall lack of engagement from residents in Village activities. There was some discussion regarding lack of enforcement on some Village issues, such as traffic speeds on Village streets. Vision: • • • • • • • • • • • Save trees on Bullfrog or replace if necessary. Need a greater sense of place to counteract negative image Better upkeep - maintain or improve image Maintain residential character Keep the Village the same as it is but with better efficiency Landscaping/planting with native plants Beautification - flowers, trees, etc Keep separate from Manistee Celebrate heritage Market and advertise assets Keep walkable, safe and quiet 1 �• • • • Organize more community events - community yard sales, picnics, art fairs, softball, etc. Restore sense of community Attract more young families Need more jobs to attract new residents Recreation & Natural Resources Assets. Penny Park campground and fishing access are important to the community. Thousands of acres of national forest and the world class Manistee River are nearby. Challenges: There is a lack of swimming opportunities or access for pedestrians to the water. Johnson Field is not well maintained. The Village is not connected via trails to the surrounding forest. Sand deposits from Manistee River and impacts to water flow in the lake from the Milwaukee boat affect fishing opportunities. Vision: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Open up water way to Penny Park Build stairway from ball field to Penny Park. Basic recreation improvements Upgrades at Johnson Field - lighting, dugouts, parking Fishing dock - floating docks? Dredging Fishing/picnic/water access Maintain trails Penny Park improvements - landscaping, dredging, swimming opportunities, increased infrastructure i.e. handicap accessibility and showers. Swimming area possibilities Work with DNR Provide snowmobile/ORV trail for access to natural areas. Parking lot and trail into state land on 6th street and N street. Regulate snowmobile use. Provide trail linkages to national forest Maximize Manistee Lake and River connectiosn to the Village Improve land and water quality Better park maintenance Focus on parks/roads/playgrounds Festivals or events to celebrate heritage/history Dredging could improve fishing access Community Facilities and Services Assets: Village leadership is invested in the community as residents. Not a lot of rules/regulations provides for flexibility. Quality fire department/EMT. Village owns 80 acres of undeveloped land. Challenges Low revenues create difficulties meeting needs. Ordinance enforcement, maintenance costs, and employee management were cited as concerns, as were natural gas/infrastructure expenses for residents. Vision: • • • • • • • • • • • Potential for sale or development of Village-owned land. Use prison or jail workers for community service Provide improvements to Village hall - preserve historic character Preserve Bullfrog Alley Address access to leaf dump. Management of government employees Become a charter city Potential partnership opportunities with tribe Make safer routes to bus stops Fire department upgrade - own building Renewable/alternative energy sources for local sustainability 2 �Land Use Assets. The Village's primarily residential character is seen as an asset. Large lots allows for space between homes and privacy. · Challenges. No commercial uses means that residents have to drive to Manistee for basic needs. Mobile home park may impact new residential development. Vision: • • • • • • • • • • • • • Condos Restaurant Light industry - home business, live/work Mini-mart on M-55 Keep the buffer between the industrial park and the Village Small-scale commercial uses Potential for nearby commercial development Keep residential atmosphere Residential and commercial growth could increase revenue Small light quiet commerce/industry Small grocery, gas station, bait store, mom and pop store - something both residents and visitors could use More housing Opportunities for vacant land - housing developments? 3 �Village of Eastlake 2011 Master Plan Survey The Village of Eastlake released a Master Plan survey in February 2011, as part of the Village's master plan and recreation plan development efforts, in order to better understand the community's preferences for the Village. A total of 335 surveys were mailed the week of February 21 to all addresses in the Village of Eastlake, as well as to property owners that do not reside in the Village; surveys were also made available online. Recipients were asked to return their surveys by March 18. 63 surveys were returned. Using the mailing total for a base, this would equal a response rate of about 19%. Age of Survey Respondents Based on answers provided in Part 4 of the survey, which asked for basic demographic information, most survey respondents are Village residents (86%), and an even higher percentage were property owners (95%). Most were age 45 or older (77%), and 36% were age 65 or older. Only 2 respondents were younger than 25. The age of remaining participants was fairly evenly in terms of percentage. This report summarizes survey results, with a focus on the strongest positive/negative responses overall and for each survey section, in order to determine areas of community priority and consensus. Agreement Areas Several issues in the survey attracted a significant level of positive responses. Survey questions that received over 80% positive responses are considered "agreement areas" as they have strong community support. Planning, zoning, or operational issues that the community faces now or in the future should take these areas into consideration, as they appear to be important to the community and will assist Village leaders in setting current priorities and will provide a direction for the future. Strong negative responses, on the other hand, clearly identify which current conditions and future directions are not acceptable to most residents. Respondents clearly indicated their interest in retaining the residential character that they think the Village already has, and indicated which Village activities should take priority - i.e. maintenance, improvement of fishing access, and efforts to address the Village quality of life and overall appearance of the community. Areas of divided opinion are reflected in response rates that are fairly evenly divided between positive, negative, and neutral responses. These "toss up" questions can signal the need for careful analysis or community discussion surrounding these issue areas. 1 �The responses below Include questions which received a total positive response (includes somewhat important and very important, somewhat agree and strongly agree, somewhat satisfied and very satisfied, and yes responses) of 80% or more. Strong negative responses include a total negative response ("not very unimportanf' and "very unimportant," somewhat disagree and strongly disagree, somewhat dissatisfied and very dissatisfied, needs improvement and poor, and no responses) of 60% or more. Toss up questions are identified in commentary on each relevant section. Agreement Areas - Strong Positive Responses: • A total of 92% answered that they would like to see the VIiiage remain a primarily residential community (57% strongly agree, 35% agree somewhat). • 92% consider Village maintenance to be important. 79% indicated that winter maintenance activities are "very important." An additional 13% considered winter maintenance to be "somewhat" important (total 92% positive responses). 48% felt that summer maintenance activities are "very important," and an additional 44% answered that this activity is "somewhat important" (total 92% positive responses)\ • 92% would support private foundation grants or donations • 91 % indicated that It's important for fishing access to be developed/enhanced In the Village • 90% would support grants for recreation funding. • 89% feel it's important for the Village to address the overall quality of life. • 88% feel it's important for the Village to address overall VIiiage appearance, and 86% think it's important to address Village services and facilities. • 86% answered that it's important to develop or enhance Village boating access. Agreement Areas - High Level of Negative Responses: • 84% do not use Johnson Field • 78% would not support heavy industrial development in the Village • 71 % do not use the nature walk • 67% would not like to see more Industrial growth in the Village • 61% expressed dissatisfaction with ordinance enforcement (34% were "very dissatisfied" and 27% were "somewhat dissatisfied") 2 �Part 1. Current Village Services, Facilities, and Qualities Questions in Part 1 of the survey asked participants to indicate the level of satisfaction with current services and identify areas that should be considered current priorities. Three questions were asked relative to satisfaction, importance, and quality of current facilities or aspects of the Village. Seven specific services, facilities, or Village aspects were identified for each question. In general, levels of satisfaction or perceptions of current quality were somewhat lower than the levels of importance assigned to the features listed. HowsatisfiedareyauwillllhefalkMingamnWlagesavices•faa'ilies? [::J) ~ot sure/not applicable Ver)' Satisfied D c::J Very Dissatisfied Sulmewhat Satisfied D Somewhiat Dissatisfied 80 % 410% 20% 0% ·Gerieral wirnter main,tenarjce activ ~'ies (plowing, General s prirngl':s um mer.Ifall Recre.it ion mairr.tern;moe Leaf d111m pf pick up serv ices -Ordinarnoe ernf,c,rcement m-.iinternanoe etc) 3 6 Question 1. How satisfied are you with the following current VIiiage services or facilities? Responses in Question 1 indicated fairly positive views of most current Village services or facilities. Winter and summer maintenance activities received the highest number of positive responses, with 64% and 66% of respondents selecting positive responses on these questions, respectively. Ordinance enforcement was not viewed positively: only 18% expressed satisfaction with current ordinance enforcement activities, and 61% of respondents indicated that they are very dissatisfied or somewhat dissatisfied with these efforts. Other activities - including recreation maintenance, the Village hall, and leaf dump/pick-up services were more evenly divided, reflecting a "toss up" or split community opinion. Significant numbers of respondents selected "not sure/not applicable" for these questions (over 20% for each question). �How importmd are lhei:AMing Wlage services 4)1 a:iliies to you? c::J Ver,i Unimportant q Not s urelnot applicable , Somewhat Important Very Important N10t very Important 80 % 1 60% 40% 20% mairutemsnoe nra.i nten;;noe Zoning ordinance up ser11 ices a,c,~i11ities (plowing, ero) cll.inges Question 2. How important are the following Village services or facilities to you? Despite varying levels of satisfaction with the services or facilities identified in Question 2, there is fairly clear consensus that all current activities are important to Village residents, with positive responses ranging from 64% to 92% for each question. Maintenance activities were by far considered the most important Village service, with 92% of respondents selecting "somewhat' or "very" important for both questions. 79% of respondents indicated that winter maintenance activities are "very" important - the highest level of strong agreement (i.e., "very important," "strongly agree," etc.} for any question in the survey. While the majority has expressed general satisfaction with this service, there is somewhat of a disconnect here with how important respondents believe this activity to be (92% }, compared with how satisfied they are with current services (64%}. Several comments in Part 5 discussed maintenance issues. Other priority services or facilities, indicated by strong levels of support, are ordinance enforcement and leaf dump/pick up services. Ordinance enforcement had a high percentage of positive responses (77%} in terms of its importance. As with maintenance activities, there is a disconnect with the level of importance assigned to the activity and the current level of satisfaction with this activity (18%}. Respondents also consider the Village hall and zoning changes to be important, with 74% and 75% positive responses, respectively. 4 �Please rate the curreatqllillity mlhefallawing aspects [:=J Poor «the lJiillage. l:::J Needs Improvement C::i Neutral Exoellent Question 3. Please rate the current quality of the following aspects of the Village. In respect to the current quality of various aspects of the Village, responses reflect some "toss up" areas and relatively low levels of positive responses. The highest positive response was relative to the overall quality of life (65%), followed by natural environment (55%). Positive ratings for the community's social environment and economy were low, both under 30%. There were significant percentages of neutral responses (30% or greater) in this section for questions including the mix of land uses, social environment, and economy. 80 % 60% 40% 20 % 0% n,crcoatic,n opportunities Mix of 13ml 1.1ses! deve!opme r.t opportuniti!!! Socisl env iror.m ent env ironment (i.e .• •comn:11111it1 ac:tiv ities , s,oci:il e.-ent: , nei9nborhooi!I appearanee identity} 5 �Part 2. Planning for the Future Questions in Part 2 were asked to will help the Village determine priorities for land use planning and Village services in the future. Four questions were asked in this section relative to potential future initiatives, how the Village should grow or change in the future, what types of development respondents would support, and how important it is for the Village to address certain issues. Responses generally reflect importance, quality, and satisfaction levels identified in Part 1. Would you ■UIJllllll--illcllling iiniiaiiwes? 0 No Not Sure Cl Yes Question 4. Would you support the following Initiatives? Participants were asked to select yes/not sure/no responses for a variety of community activities. The highest rated initiatives were enforcement of junk, blight, and nuisance ordinances, as might be expected from the high level of importance assigned to this activity in Question 2. Historic preservation activities also attracted significant support. Outside of these two initiatives, there were significant numbers of neutral responses. Partnership with other communities and Village hall improvements both received support from just over half of respondents. The lowest-rated activities were additional Village maintenance staff and Village pickup of leaf and yard waste at taxpayer expense. Enforcement Regular hours Vi113;e pickR0Utin11 Historic of j11nk. bTigl!,t , of operati11n up of leaf and voluntt:er preservati:m or nuisance for leaf dump yard waste at access to 'lesf efforts - i.e.. ordinl!lm:ies (operated by taxpayer dump Vill=l!Je Hall, volunteers} expense v1iUow trees Additiolllll Villa11e m-lliinteruinee staff Pmne!SJlip lmprovemants with ott.er to !he \filla; e communit~ Hall for prwis io11 of ! omeser.. . 6 �Howwouldyoulike theVillagelugrowgc:IBlgBOV111"lml'IBllt20,-s? Plmaeiiniicam....._yauagreeg dis;vmwillllmilllcMinJ,sta..,. .. q Stro"9ly Oi.sagr,ee Disagree s,omewhat I W<illllllil lilce to see t'he V ill!lgie ,re ma im a p ri rm arily residltrrtial «:,>mm . .. O No opioo ,Agree Somewhat mo11e oom merc ial growt h in the I WCli!ld ,lik:e to s~ more in:lll!t>ri!!I gro\'lth in the I would Jike to see t h>e resj denti31 populn ion of the V,illa;a. V illage. Vill!l;e 1increme. I wo 1:1ld lik:e to s ee Strongly Agree I wo lill::! like to see I wo 111ltl like to s ee t llie res idential t~ res.illli!:ntial p0p11l:.t iom of the popul!!tion of t he V illage decrease. \llillB;e Stary l!m, ·s ... 7 Question 5. How would you like the VIiiage to grow or change over the next 20 years? There was clear consensus in support of the Village remaining a primarily residential community - 92% indicated agreement with that statement. Support for other changes was not consistent, with positive responses ranging from 3% to 49% . There was fairly strong consensus against industrial growth, with 67% of respondents disagreeing with the statement that they would like to see more industrial development. Slightly fewer respondents supported additional commercial development (38%) than those that disagreed that there should be more of this type of development (44%). While respondents were clear that the Village should retain its residential character, there was not a clear direction in terms of whether that residential population should increase or stay the same. While there was fairly strong agreement against a population decline, with only 3% indicating support for a population decrease and 57% opposed, opinions on whether the population should increase or stay the same were split, with less than 50% support for both questions. �What types of additional w IIIM'deftlapment-..dd JaJSlftlllll in the VilageclEml ale? r::::J No Nel!Jlrborhood commercial (s.m i ll retail, sel'Vlic:es. offit>es) No opinion Highway litlht ind11s11y He.ivy comm·ercial (i.e. high te::h industry (gas stations. electronics, (energy retail, di ing, 00mp11terproduction, etc} rel;;tell m-,mufacturiri,; m;;nufacturi .. . ) r::::J Yes Hotels , motels , inns, bed and bre,1kfast facil~ies Sin!Jle-family resi z!lenti31 Multi-family resillent il!'I deve lopment deve lopm-ent (apsrtments, oomlos, townhouses} 8 Other rple;,se specify Question 6. What types of additional or new development would you support In the VIiiage of Eastlake? As might be expected from responses to Question 5, the greatest support for additional development was for single family residential, with 63% answering that they would support additional single family homes. Despite fairly low levels of support for additional commercial development in Question 5, there was nearly as much support for neighborhood and highway commercial development in Question 6 (59% and 54%, respectively) as there was for additional single family homes. The higher levels of support likely occur due to the level of specificity in the question: residents may support additional commercial or industrial development, but only if it allows the Village to retain its residential character. This can be observed in responses to questions on industrial questions as well. Despite strong disagreement with general industrial growth in Question 5, just over half of respondents would support light industry. Heavy industry, however which typically involves more impacts to the surrounding community - was viewed negatively, with 78% indicating they would not support this type of development. Other development options listed in Question 6 multi-family residential and hotels/motels - were not widely supported by respondents. �In your opinion. how impadanl is itfurlhe Village ID adlhss lhe iJlcMmg aspects alhe CXllfflllnly? c::J Very Important r:;:::;:J No ,opinion _ :Somewhat Important Ver/ Important - ·Some,uhatlmportant 80 % 60 % 20% 0% Parlts and recreation ,c:,pponu ities Ill ix of lallll uses/develop ment opponimities Nat11ral enviror,m er,t Social EconomyJjob environment oppon111nities (i. e.. oomm1mity -3Ctil•ities. socil!I ever.ts. neighborhood identity) 9 Question 7. In your opinion, how important is it for the Village to address the following aspects of the community? Participants were asked to indicate whether it was important for the Village to address a variety of community issues, some of which were listed in Part 1, Question 3, which asked respondents to rate the current quality of various aspects of the Village. The majority of the responses for Question 7 indicated that it is important for the Village to address those aspects. There was substantial consensus in particular regarding the importance of Village efforts to address the overall quality of life, overall Village appearance, Village services and facilities (89%, 88%, and 86% positive responses, respectively). Support for efforts to address the natural environment and parks and recreation was also high (79% and 76%, respectively). These high levels of support reflect the importance assigned to these features and current levels of satisfaction identified in Part 1. Lower levels of support or split responses were found for "social environment" and "economy/job opportunities" which haven't traditionally been considered the purview of local government. �Part 3. Parks and Recreation Part 3 asked 5 questions to help the Village determine current and future priorities for Village parks and recreation. Questions addressed usage rates, satisfaction levels, and potential improvements to existing parks, and also asked what types of improvements or developments are important and would be supported by respondents. I~ 100 HawaalialiedJUU_lllilll._......, ....., Very dissatisfied l:;;;::l No opinion . . . Somewhat Satisfied - ~ Somewhat Oisslitisfied H-aftendoym_ . . .,..... ....., Never Rarely c:i Sometimes Often % ---------·· ' - ..... 100 % : , ' ! '.~ ' ~J 11 I . 80% I ,' . ' ,. 60 % . ... -, .,. ~' ... ,. ~ ~ . llljlfl,Ver, Satisfied I > 24 ~--- .. ·- --· ..~· -- ___J 40% 40% 47 20% 21 0% Johnson Fiold {blll<a!b•Uoawt. b>slll»U N~lure w,alk Penny Park: di!lftorn:I. pl>yground equiplftent) Question 8. How often do you use the following parks? Johnson Field and the nature walk are rarely used by survey respondents. Penny Park is used most often, with about 55% of respondents indicating that they "sometimes" or "often" use that park. JMM-Oft Field (lwketb>ll ... ~. bneboll dillfflon<I, piay1jround equipment) N.111.1r.t wa·lk Question 9. How satisfied are you with the following parks? Responses in question 9 included significant numbers of neutral answers for Johnson Field and the nature walk, reflecting the low levels of usage indicated in Question 8. Penny Park, the most frequently used Village park, had 58% positive responses. 10 �In your opinion. how important is le . . . . .llartd&ICEIIBIIJhtalkMing types ar 1ec.eaia.1it, Easlae? y Very Unimportant Q No Opinion Somewhat Important . ,1Very Important Somewnat Unimportant Untversal Atll1etic .accessibility fields/tennis features {i.e. oouits r,:;imps, paved sid,,. Fishing Boating access access. Hit ir,g!s·kiing trails Swimming Snowmobile/ Snowmobile/ P,13ygrllunm ORV trails ORV use of equipment Vill,,ge streets 11 Question 1O. In your opinion, how important is the development or enhancement of the following types of recreation in Eastlake? As might be expected from the higher usage rates indicated for Penny Park, fishing access and boating access were considered to be important by a clear majority of respondents (91 % and 86% respectively). Support for improving or enhancing other types of recreation was more lukewarm, with responses ranging from 46% to 68% support for activities such as universal accessibility features, athletic courts, and playground equipment. Snowmobile/ORV usage of streets and trails had a nearly equal amounts of positive and negative responses, showing some level of divided opinion over these activities. �Would you suppadlaefalCMing ~ lo Village .-b? Not s ure c;:::J Yes Other improvements -please c:;J No Question 11. Would you support the following improvements to Village parks? Improvements to boating, camping, and fishing at Penny Park had the greatest amount of positive responses, with 78% answering that they would support these activities. The high level of support for Penny Park improvements - including 70% support for dredging the canal for dock installation and 63% support for restroom improvements - reflects the greater usage rates at this park along with the high level of importance assigned to fishing and boating access. specify in Part5, Additional Comments 100 %-r-------,,:-----.--- - ---.---,,- - - - - , 80% 58 40% 0% Install fJcating dock for I~111ii~ accessibility at :Penny Park Overall Dredge can31for improvements to dock install:ticn at accessibttity for Penny Park b03,tirn9, c3mpir\g, fishi"'IJ at Penny P... Restroom improvemeJ!IIS at Penny Park Exp11ns ion cf the Improvements to mm1re trail play,; rournd e :i111ipm1:nt 12 �Wouldyousupportusingthefalolllingtypes d b d n g f a r ~ '-WlaaelBlm md1a.ealion? [:=J No Not Sure c;J Yes Other- pleasespecify in Part5, Additl onal Comments 1,00 %- . - - - - - - - , 19 60% 90 92 40% - Grants Village general fund M illa3i! Pri~ate foundaticin grants or donations 13 Question 12. Would you support using the following types of funding for Improvements to VIiiage parks and recreation? Most respondents would support using grants or donations for recreation improvements, while a slight majority (56%) would oppose the use of a millage. Support for the use of the Village general fund for recreation improvements was split. �Part 4. Demographic Information. As noted, the survey asked general demographic questions relative to age, residency, and property ownership. Questions were also asked regarding computer/Internet access and whether respondents would access Village ordinances or other information online. 70% answered that they do have Internet access, and of those, 76% would access Village information online if it was available. Part 5. General Comments Over half of the participants provided additional comments (35). 17 provided names and/or contact information. Comments relative to the master plan or recreation plan processes addressed issues including: • • • • • • • • • Mobile homes Fundraising Recreation opportunities Ordinance enforcement Convenience store Junk cars/general junk and maintenance issues Village hall High speed internet A number of comments addressed specific recreation improvements, including: o Dredge Penny Park canal o Install a "Bell Park" o Skating rink o Reduced camping rates for Village residents o Cut recreation o Improve area west of Johnson Field with bench and handicap access o Clear out woods for junior area at Johnson field o Develop bayou into marina o Pier heads and breakwaters to provide a harbor entry into the bayou o Nature walk needs maintenance and better signage There were also a number of comments relative to community service issues. About 9 comments were related to fire department issues, and about 8 comments addressed issues with Village maintenance - plowing in particular. • Penny Park waste issues • SEV • Enforcement of speed limits and dog leash laws • Access to jobs • Leaf dump access • Snowmobile ordinance/enforcement of speed limits 14 �15 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Eastlake_Master-and-Recreation-Plan_2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Northwest Michigan Council of Governments Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-02 Title A name given to the resource Village of Eastlake Master Plan and Recreation Plan Description An account of the resource The Village of Eastlake Master Plan and Recreation Plan was prepared by the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments in February 2012. Subject The topic of the resource Recreation--planning Master plan reports Eastlake (Mich.) Manistee Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. 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^�87�1��ÿ6;�Z2]Gb;>23ÿÿ $%.UT-T)ÿU.eS.f,KHK).)/ÿÿ 0����1232�ÿÿ Q�"8723h:ÿ"7�:"92ÿ $R.L).TUÿI.JeSHL./ÿÿ N732�"2�2�ÿÿ 456623ÿ7�!�"�"ÿ��895�2:ÿ:6�99ÿ";ÿ 62��56ÿ3�<23ÿ���ÿ:"32�6ÿ8;33�= �;3:ÿ>�"7ÿ>299ÿ�2<29;?2�ÿ3�?�3���ÿ >;;�:@ÿ>;;�9;":ÿ>�"7��ÿAÿ";ÿBÿ 6�92:ÿ;Cÿ:6�99ÿ";ÿ62��56ÿ3�<23:ÿ ���ÿ:"32�6:@ÿ���ÿ5?9���ÿC;32:":Dÿ E�<2:ÿ���ÿ6��2:ÿ�:ÿ7�!23��859�Dÿÿ O�!23��"2:ÿ��ÿ8�<2:ÿ���ÿ6��2:ÿGÿ :>�36��1ÿ��ÿ:533;5����1ÿ>;;�2�ÿ �32�:ÿ��ÿ�5"56�DÿP;;:":ÿ���ÿC;3= �12:ÿ��ÿ5?9���ÿC;32:":ÿ�53��1ÿ :?3��1ÿ���ÿ:56623Dÿ W2�872:ÿ�9;�1ÿ:7;329��2:ÿ;Cÿ"72ÿ X32�"ÿY�Z2:ÿ \�9]ÿ�8V;�:ÿ"7�"ÿ;8853ÿ�9;�1ÿ 8;�:"�9ÿ�32�:ÿ�53��1ÿ"72ÿP2�ÿ[�;"ÿ 6�13�";3]ÿ>���;>ÿ;Cÿÿ^_`ÿAÿGÿ 40QN0^W0PÿBaÿ 4;�9:ÿ:�"53�"2�ÿ>�"7ÿ8;9�ÿb;>��1ÿ :?3��1ÿ>�"23@ÿC;5��ÿ�9;�1ÿ:22?�1= 2:gÿ:"32�6:ÿ���ÿ9�Z2:7;32:ÿ 4"�!�9�i2�ÿ�5�2:ÿ���ÿ!9;>;5"ÿÿÿ �32�:ÿ 01ÿ �ÿ ÿ4556789ÿÿ �7�����������6ÿ��5�ÿ Road Network Vil lage of Empire - N A Shakia Park Staie Trunki ne Chippewa Run l ,100 Average Annual Deily Traffic (2016) - - Natural Area <ii Private 5treet t: 11. Public St reet F ishe SI saws u,y or J.unn R. John.~on Memorial P;irl( illi St ri s; Wile• SI c § Michigan cii ~ ~. Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore 05 Networks Northwest 01ÿ "' "t:fr--- -~1 Ayi>Nonh SI 012) I .;; 1 Mie gan 81-- 5 0 Wiloe �ÿ Wate r Service Village of Empire N A ' - _._. I Fbrem:e \,t I Shakia Park Walei Service I Pa ,eel Chippewa Run Natu ral Area \l!I ca nt - 1 n st!MlonaJ - $ I State TrunkJine I I I I I ;;:; • 8 .5 .--.. Lake Michigan Beach Park I I Village JAme, R. John,on U tmorial Pa.tit I Sa lo l uiy .- - 1 I I \ - !heJ.P :,t - 1.:1 mbk in. l.n Pces.erve I "'"' l))'r,lf 0 Q C J i ~ "' I ; '\ - _ ~~o!h? __ - - ... - -- - . - - ... .., Pl-r.t',fA?P"°' l n ~ \Vashi l'M)~On. SI ✓ "' I I ' "'' J· Sleeping Bear Dunes tl ational l akes hore -----c::=====-----------===========-----------MilH _ 0 0.125 0 2S o..s Networks Northwest ......... , OJS 1 Tbs map I> lnt=nd:<l t,, ref:t~noe only anti 1=prese:nu a geogaphical interp-e\a;ion, NOT a form-al survey. 01ÿ �ÿ ÿ4556789ÿÿ ����ÿ����6�ÿ���7ÿ����ÿ Table l Population Change (1940-2010) Village of Empire, Empire Township and Leelanau County Percent Percent 1940 Change 1950 Change 1940-50 1950-60 •.m ,., ,, r ~ Empire Township (excluding Village) Leelanau County 325 Percent Change 1960 Percent Change 1970 1970-80 1960-70 Percent Change 1980 Percent Change 1990 1980-90 2000 1990-00 P ercell! Change 2010 2000-10 -5.6 2J! u. J 448 - 8.7 409 - 15.6 1 31 2.9 355 6.5 378 -0.8 373 -15.7 274 37.2 376 45.5 547 -16.6 456 10.3 503 40.6 707 14.4 809 8,647 7.8 9,32 1 16.6 10,872 28.8 14,007 18.0 16,527 27.8 21,119 2.8 21,708 8,436 2.5 Note: Township populations. excluding the Village, are provided in paremheses: percem change is calculated for the emire To\\11ship. including Village ponion. Source: Northwest Michigan Council of Govemmems Table 2 Age Distribution Village of Empire, Leelanau Comity, State - 2000 and 2010 Age Group Leelau,111 County Village of Empire 2000 2010 Total Percent Total Percent 0-4 y ears 8 2. 1 18 4.8 5- 17 years 51 13.5 32 8 .5 % Change 2000-2010 I 2000 20 10 State 2000 2010 Percent Percent 125.0 5.1 4.3 6.8 6.0 -37.3 19.3 17.7 19.3 15.2 Percent Percent 18-24 years 24 6.3 8 2.1 -66.7 5.7 5.7 9.4 9.9 25-44 years 73 19.3 63 16.8 -1 3.7 24.2 16.9 29.8 24.7 45-64 years 133 35.2 143 38.1 7.5 28.3 34.4 22.4 27.9 89 23.5 111 29.6 24.7 17.4 23.4 12.3 13.8 65 + Total Median Age 378 -0.8 375 49.1 56.8 I 42.6 I I 50.3 35.5 38.9 Note: Due to rounding. percentages may not sum to I 00 percent. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Table 3 Seasonal Housing Characteristics Village of Empire, Empire Tov.'11Ship, Leelanau County and State of Michigan - 2010 Total Units Seasonal Units % Seasonal V illage of Empue 347 113 32.6 Em pire To\vnship 1,088 442 40.6 Leelanau County 14,935 4,681 3 1.3 State of M ichigan 4,532,233 263,071 5_8 Source: US Census Bureau Census 2010 01ÿ �ÿ ÿ4556789ÿÿ ����ÿ����6�ÿ���7ÿ����ÿ���7�97�68�ÿ Table 4 Value of Specified Owner-Occupied H ousing Units Village of Empire - 2005-2009 Housing Yalues Percent of Units Less th.an $50,000 0.0 $50 ,000 - 99,000 1.7 SI00,000 • 149,000 11.3 SI S0,000- 199.000 19.1 $200,000 · 299,000 42.6 $300,000 or more 25 .2 $238,000 Median Value Source: US Census Bureau Conununity Survey (2005-2009) Table S Inco me Statistics Village of Empire, Empire Township, Leelanau Cotmty and State of Michigan (in 2009 inflation-adj u5ted dollars) Village of £ moire 172 !\umber of H ouseholcls E mpire Townshio 563 Leelanau Countv 9,354 44 18 34 105 124 95 57 36 33 17 43 ,973 35,109 449 299 1,098 1,064 1,436 1,789 1,258 1,169 366 426 54,451 31,874 T otal Households Households Income Levels Less than $10,000 30 $ 10,000 to $ 14,999 13 $ 15,000 to $24,999 22 $25,000 to $34,999 23 $35,000 to $49,999 40 $50,000 to $74,999 6 $75,000 to $99,999 18 $ 100,000 to $149,999 14 $ 150,000 to $199,999 6 $200,000 or more 0 32,045 1\Iedi an household income 28,000 Per caoita income Source: US Census Bureau Community Survey (2005-2009) 01ÿ State of l\Iichigan $ 48,700 $ 25,172 �ÿ ÿ4556789ÿÿ ����ÿ����6�ÿ���7ÿ����ÿ���7�97�68�ÿ Tabl e 6 Civilia n Lab or For ce Comp arisons ancl Unemploym ent Leelanau County and State of Michigan 2006-20 10 Sta te of M icbigan (in l ,000' s) Leelanau County 2010 Labor F orce 2008 2006 20 10 2008 2006 10,769 11,234 11,628 4,790 4,936 5,068 Employed 9,684 10,544 11,048 4,193 4,519 4,719 Unemployed 1,085 690 580 597 4 16 350 10.1 6. 1 5.0 12.5 8.4 6.9 Unemployment Rate % Source: Office ofLabor Market Infonuation, Michigan Department ofTechnology, Management and Budget Table 7 Employment by I nclus try 2009 Village and County Village of Empire Industry Nwnber Agriculrure, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining Percent Leelanau County Number Percent 0 0.0 43 0 4.4 20 15.3 1.065 10.9 M.inufacmring 3 2.3 774 7.9 Wholesale trade 12 9.2 204 2.1 Retail trade 46 35.1 1.108 11.3 Transportation warehousing. and utilities 0 0.0 3 15 3.2 Information 3 2.3 163 1.7 Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing 6 4.6 537 5.5 Professional. scientific, management, administrative. and waste management services 2 l.S 837 8.5 Educational, health, and social services 20 15.3 2,463 25.2 Arts. entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services 11 8.4 1,279 13.1 Other services ( except public administration) 6 4.6 406 4.1 Public administration 2 l.S 2 11 2.2 Construction Source: U.S. Census Bureau Community Survey (2005-2009) 01ÿ �ÿ ÿ4556789ÿÿ ����ÿ����6�ÿ���7ÿ����ÿ���7�97�68�ÿ Table 8 Sleeping Bear Dunes National L akesh or e Conmarative Annual Public Use D ata Year Total Vi~its Coast Guard Station Dune Climb 2011 20 10 2009 2008 2007 1,348,304 30,999 96,738 1,280,934 1,165,836 1.104.597 1.134.3 12 1.147,3 14 1,2 18,4 10 1.114,6 15 1,153,962 1,170,873 1,127,107 1,195,084 1,364,834 1,298,205 30,561 27.297 22.720 2 1.986 22.120 22.466 31.402 26,307 28,580 32,549 38,182 30,274 84,738 81.320 78.928 83.3 15 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1,157,6 16 1,09 1.005 1.15 1.957 1.159,676 29,049 25,745 18.434 24.958 26.217 Stocking S. Drive 113,400 101,094 92,287 82.779 83.345 84.472 Source: U.S. National Park Service 01ÿ Platte River Visitor Center 28,726 83,482 196,945 8 1,598 73.686 74,4 14 79.363 84.008 86,708 79,713 80,037 85,822 81 ,035 84,060 114,088 90,477 170,251 158.982 135,978 133.42 1 118,836 11 7,032 123,119 137,780 126,887 125,577 132,427 134,808 89,828 89,846 8 1,517 34,92 1 2 8.32 1 2 8.008 31.798 25.54 7 25.547 22.974 25,022 28,0 12 25,007 3 1,205 35,683 3 1,888 2 3,764 2 3,120 71 .028 70.466 97.282 125,621 2 3.477 36.047 77.566 84,301 79.213 79.289 94,853 82,527 78,837 78,753 89,278 82,327 84,297 85,74 1 82,265 50,990 90,3 16 100,660 89.080 92.593 83.474 83,645 8 1,795 73,796 66,791 93,149 98,332 Esch Road 73.278 80,987 �ÿ Section 4.09 Schedule of Regulations Min. Lot Area ZoninQ District District Name Area Max_Ht of structure (sq. tt) Width (ft) Feet (a) Yard Setbacks Front (ft) Min. Side Min. Rear {tt) (ft) Min. space btwn Min_ Min. Alley Water Bldgs General Residential 12,500 100 35 20min 10 10 10 20 20 MR Mixed Residential 2 ac (c) 150 35 40min 20 20 20 (d) 20 40 900 I - Maximum Lot CoveraQe % 25% (b) 1 BR- 540/ OU 40% (b) 2 BR 700/DU VR Village Residential 6,250 so 35 10min 20max 5 10 10 I - CR Commercial Residential 5,000 so 35 5 min 20 max 0 (e) (f) 10 (f) 10 - Light llndustrial 1 acre 100 35 20min 15 (t) 20 10 _ , 3acres 300 35 10min 10 20 20 20 LI 01ÿ RIC Recreation/Conservation PUD Planned Unit Development a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Key: See Article 7 I I I I 10 1 750 10 (g) 10 I 750 I NA 20 I 900 - 50"/4 - 70% NA 60% - 10% See Article 7 Maximum height for an accessory building shall be 25 feet or the height of the primary structure, whichever is l ess. Existing 50' wide (or less) platted lots shall be perm itted a maximum of 50 perce-nl building coverage. A min imum of 8,700 square feet or lot area is requjred per dwelling unit. Minimum setback from an internal drive serving multiµle family dwellings, shall be 10 feet. Minimum O' side yard setback applies when a commercial use is adj acent to a commeroial use, the setback is increased to 5' for a commercial use adjacent to a residential use, or for a residential use adjacent to another residential use. Except when adjaoent to a different zoning di strict, the greater of the two di strict side setback standards applies . T he minimum buildin g spacin g does not apply far the portion of a building utilizing the zero setback provision, p rovided a firewall is provided between buildings located on the property line. D.U. - Dwelling Unit sq . fl -square feet Arti cle 4 : D.istricls Vi/Jage o f Empire Zoning Ordinance fl -feet 4-15 Amended: De-cember 8, 2011 Effective : December 29, 2011 ÿ4556789ÿÿ ��797�ÿ����6����68��6ÿ��ÿ�6�����9�7�ÿ GR Min_ & Max_SF per D.U or Main bldg � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Empire_Master-Plan_2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Empire Planning Commission, Village of Empire, Empire Township, Leelanau County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Title A name given to the resource Village of Empire Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Village of Empire Master Plan was prepared by the Empire Planning Commission with the assistance of Networks Northwest in 2019. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Networks Northwest (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Empire (Mich.) Empire Township (Mich.) Leelanau County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2263b232d17174909bbf306f08f54ff7.pdf b11ca7ae496e7baebf189de03f54174f PDF Text Text Village of Empire - Zoning Districts Village of Empire Leelanau County µ S PARK ST W FLORENCE ST Leelanau County, Michigan S ZELMER RD South Bar Lake DR Y CH A PPLE L N W SOUTH ST F IL LBY R T L W S ROEN RD S ONTARIO ST W MICHIGAN ST S LEELANAU HWY S S BAR W AYLSWORTH ST W O OD ST W MICHIGAN ST S LAKE S T MH ILL D R NT W WILCE ST S ERIE ST W WILCE ST ORCH ARD HI L L DR CE ES CR W W EH P IR EM W FRONT ST DR S Y S S UNION ST S LARUE ST AT CH W NIAGARA ST W S OR ST S AN W T W PHILLIP ST W PIT EL H DR W SALISBURY ST W LAMBKIN LN LL HI LE AU W O T TAWA AVE SS UN SE S REYNOLDS ST Lake Michigan S S LACORE RD S LA KE M ICHI GAN DR W FISHER ST R A CK ST W WASHINGTON ST LC S WI S W IS NI O D R EW SK D IR - Village Residential General Residential -- Mixed Residential Gateway Corridor District Adopted: 11/14/19; Effective: 11/25/19 -- Front Street District Recreation/Conservation - Planned Unit Development Light Industrial This map is prepared by Leelanau County for reference purposes only. Leelanau County is not liable for any errors that may be found herein. 1 inch = 800 feet RHerman_1.9.2020 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Empire_Zoning-Map_2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leelanau County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-11-25 Title A name given to the resource Village of Empire-Zoning Districts Description An account of the resource The Village of Empire-Zoning Districts map was prepared by Leelanau County and is effective as of November 25, 2019. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Map Empire (Mich.) Empire Township (Mich.) Leelanau County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6469aa05d27cccbfa4acc2bc278ad17e.pdf f905de05ab4244b301dbc7dd2d781bac PDF Text Text CITY OF SAUGATUCK �- - ' - --- .- - - --- �VILLAGE OF ' SAUGATUCK LAND USE PLANNING PROGRAM The Village of Saugatuck proposes through this land use program to guide, direct, and integrate future development of land within Village limits in accordance with,and in light~of specific village land use policies, objectives, and strategies. The planning program will guide future public and private decisions making processes that will Impact .the use of the land within the village. Following adoption of this plan, no public or private action affecting the use of land shall be undertaken that is not consistent with this plaDning program. The planning program will be reviewed yearly by the planning commission. It will be expand- ed, added to, or updated as appropriate. The Village considers the planning program to be a process that will respond over time to change while basic objectives remain. The land use plan to follow will reconvnend future land use patterns for specific parts of the village. It will guide the development and structuring of legislative ordinances and controls affecting the use of land, for example, zoning ordinances, site planning regulations, and subdivision regulations. The village will continue to work on additional plan- ning programs to compliment the land use elements e.g. traffic planning, infra-structure planning, recreation planning, etc. Suggesting land uses and development strategies is just one portion of a program that will ultimately involve most facets of village administration. The discussion to follow is in two main parts: 1) Community Profile 2) Land Use Policies The former is a discussion of the Village as it is now, and as it has been. This is reflected in population data, economic considerations, existing land uses,existing infa-structure, the historical derivation of structure and function and other generally measurable factors. The latter, using the profile as a base, developes, discusses and maps the villages feeling about what Saugatuck should look like in the years ahead. The assumption is that development will occur, the village will grow, 1 �and that it is encumbent upon conwnunity leaders to Insure that it grows in a fashion that is in the best interests of its citizens. 2 �COMMUNITY PROFILE SUMMARY OF MAJOR TRENDS/INFLUENCES * Existing land use is low density/low intensity; * Environmental amenities remain, for the most part, in tact; * Many existing shorelines and scenic areas are under-utilized as both public and private resources; there is a great potential for increased public and private investment; * Tourism and seasonal populations are major supporters of an active, vital economic structure; these influences have shaped the structure of the economy and the use of the land; * A recently completed sewer system will cause pressures for increased growth; 1, The Village and surrounding area is becoming a "retirement center"; seasonal dwellings are being converted to year-round dwellings; * Population movement trends have shifted from rural to urban to urban to rural; that is expected to increase growth pressures in the Village. These factors singly or in combination suggest that the next few years may be its most active. There certainly will be increased growth pressure. The Village has many characteristics that will make It an ideal place for resident1ul growth, commercial growth1 and growth as a public and private recreational resource. 3 - - - - -- - �COMMUNITY PROFILE INTRODUCTION: This section will discuss present and historical land use, population, and economic characteristics, Information presented here wi 11 describe the Village and its function. Prior land use decisions and their affect on development patterns will become apparent, This discussion will describe the present, and enable the Village to direct, plan, and organize the future. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: The natural environment is perhaps the most distinguished feature of the Village and surrounding area, Its uniqueness and Importance has been recognized officially by the Michigan State Department of Natural Resources. The DNR has with the advise and urging of the West Michigan Regional Planning Commission, designated the Vlll _age as an Area of Particular Concern (APC}. Areas of Particular Concern are those having scarce resources, unusual scenic beauty, unusual economic value, recreational attractions or some combination of the above, APC's are located in coastal areas and influence and have an impact upon coastal and Great Lakes waters. Alteration of the environmental qualities of an APC could have a significant impact upon coastal and Great Lakes waters, The Village qualifies as an APC because of its proximity to Lake Michigan and, because of its fragile and unique environments particularly the Dune Areas, Alterations of these environments would significantly impact coastal waters. cussed in greater detail below.} 4 (The environments . wlll be dis- �The designation extends to the entire Village, The significance of this designation is the recognition of the uniqueness and importance of the area, and the need to preserve and conserve its function as a coastal area. The . State of Michigan by this designation pledges sup- port in whatever way possible to preserving the Integrity of this area as a coastal zone. OVERVIEW: The Village is one of the most scenic in the State and perhaps the country. It has unique shorelands, dune areas, and other natural areas as well as being a major art, antique and craft center. The Vlllag.e is a major tourist attraction in Michigan and in the central United States. In addition, it is a desirable residential area. Corrrnunity facilities are sufficient to support families and retired people, It is within corrrnuting distance of the major employment center in Western Michigan, Grand Rapids, as well as an important secondary employment center, Kalamazoo. The provision of convnunity facilities has recently been expanded. Sewer is now available throughout the Village, and water is potentially available. This should have a direct impact on growth potential. The Village's capacity to absorb further development has_ greatly increased, This will make it very difficult to rely on past projections for indications of future trends, LAND USE: Development in the Village is primarily low-density and loW""lntensity, Residential densities average approximately 2-3 units per_ gross resi~ dential acres. Single-family residential areas are approximately 5 �units per~ acre of land area (excludes streets and other rightof-way) based upon the most common lot size -- 66 1 x 132' or 8,712 square feet. Existing motels and tourist accomodation facilities are low-intensity. The largest doesn't have a hundred units. Village Center commercial and retail uses have floor areas typical of local neighborhood or commercial facilities, though they are primarily tourism oriented. Of the approximately 730.41 acres of land within Village boundaries, some 367 or approximately 50% are vacant (see Table I for detailed breakdown and Figure 1 for map of existing uses), Water accounts for 181.60 acres or 19.94% of the total area within Village limits (912.01 acres). A relatively large part of the total land area is devoted to Parks Recreation Uses -- 105.07 acres or approximately 15%. & Other than this. the largest portion of existing land area, 94.03 acres, ts devoted to single-family residential, Another 38 a~res ls In seasonal residential use. As Figure 1 indicates, there is a great deal of shoreline within the Village (approximately 5 miles) on the Kalamazoo River. Kalamazoo Lake, and Lake Michigan, suggesting water•ori~nted activities, tourism, etc~ in general uses ·characteristic of waterfronts, developed whe: ~ The Village, In fact. it did in large part because of water access. The water was first used t" transport lumber to market, · to travel between major cities and.in general, to conduct trade and commerce, The lumber industry is gone and there are more efficient means of transport now so the waterfront plays a different role, . _,_ r:. . · -- - -- It is primarily a recrea- �TABLE I EXISTING USE OF LAND SAUGATUCK, MICHIGAN Type and Use Residential Single-Family (2) Two-Family Res. Seasonal Res. Multi-Family Res. Mobile Horne TOTAL Non-Residence General Business Local Business Aecom.Business Industrial Warehse.& Storage Public Semi-Public Park or Recreation School Roads & Highways Piers Number of Uses Acreage Acres/100 321 2 198 13 1 94.03 0.30 38.28 1. 74 0.01 7.36 0.02 534 Pop. 1970 % Total Acreage (1) 10. 31 0.03 3.00 4.20 0 .13 o.oo 0 .19 0 .o 1 134.36 10.51 14.74 13 45 16 3 3 11 7.79 0.61 0.35 0.35 O .19 0.85 0.07 .7 4.06 105.07 3.11 0 .10 0.23 0.45 11. 52 4.52 4.50 2.48 0.92 2.12 0 .16 0.49 0.49 0.27 3 3.33 0.32 8.22 0.24 7 .14 0.26 647 363.48 28.42 39.84 Agricultural or Vacant 366.93 28.71 40.22 Water Area 181.60 14.21 19.94 912. 01 71.34 100.00 TOTAL DEVELOPED LAND TOTAL LAND (1) (2) 11 1 91.22 647 1970 population calculated by consultant to be 1,278. Includes Resident Business. SOURCE: Existing Use of Land, Schel 1ie Associates Inc., March, 1970 7 0.34 10.00 0.36 �FIGURE I a: • • ,. / • • - t # >L ·c ' < 1n~ . - Q II( Ill •-. 1:11111 u Q 1-- < Q ~ < rn u z !D uz :; u z ! . ;. :, 0 ~ u Cl w ..; ◄ ;. i 0 :, ! i ! : z :, w g ! n :, u 0 ! 0 ◄ z 0 u ~ . ~ ~ ◄ ◄ ◄ :, 0 u :, D ! ~ ◄ ) I l "' ::, t 0 ! .z.. "'>< Ill z ◄ 0 z i .~ • . ? .• • • •• . . . ~ 0 z "' .., ., . ., ! ; :: : ~ D ·I 11~0011• D ~· 0 Ill •i 0 :, i I u I ! 0 0 Q .z - ...... .. . ~ u :, ~ ~ i • 0 t :!: z ~ 1 ' l f 8 ! �tional resource. Thus, the waterfront areas have developed for recrea- tional uses -- commercial, transit and seasonal lodging, marinas, etc. The waterfront area is conveniently divided from the major year-round residential area by a steep ridge. On top of the ridge are the majority of the •village's year-round single-family homes. tively unaffected by tourism. This area is compara- It is comparatively uncongested, Although tourists and seasonal residents are prevelant in the Village for just half the year, they have had major Impacts upon With the exception of the 11 land use. ridge11 area, most of the Vlllage';s land uses respond either to demands of tourists or of seasonal residents. A somewhat more detailed discussion of specific areas within the Village will follow. The Village is divided into eight (8) fairly well dis- tinguished planning areas or 11 districts 11 for the purpose of more de- tailed description and to assist with the preparation of a future land use plan map. Growth objectives and strategies then will be formulated for each district based upon existing characteristics and general community planning policies, Refer to Figure 2 for the location of the planning are.as. Area one is particularly important and therefore will be discussed last. !\REA TWO CENTER TRANSITION AREA Area 2 is generally north of the Village Center along and on either side of Butler Street. It is occupied by approximately 21 si _n gle-family structures and approximately one two-family structure, typically old and large, The homes are Some area over a hundred years ·old and would qualify as "Historic Structures", Many are characteristic of urban areas where homes bec~use of their age and size become difficult to heat and keep in good repair, 9 --·-- -- - - - -- -··---- �'..~, ,, ~:s ~. ........ ' ' ·J~. '\, '\ ,.. \.'\ ~ ~ :; I (0 \ \ ~. '' ~' ~•• \.,~ _.,i~ ~ .-,J _{,:.iy ... ... ,. ',\ .. ~' jf•, '•, . ··..• .••• :•.•••.••.....•• CX) 'I'_ �Bulter Street, in the area, is fairly heavily travelled during the tourist season. Holland Street to the north and east is a main entranc~. It is typical for vehi c les entering the Village to enter on Holland, go south on one of three east-west streets and proceed Into the Village Center ·along Bulter. Thus it is heavily travelled for a two land resi- dential street, though it has remained residential to Mary Street. homes are primarily frame, white, and in good repair. The Most structures are occupied on a year-round basis, AREA THREE - WATER STREET SHORELINE The most predominate uses in the Water Street area are waterfront oriented. These include public and private marinas, restaurants capi- talizing on the waterfront view, rides, charter boats, etc. tourist attractions offering boat One of the Village's two Industries, The American Twist i ng Company is located here, There are perhaps ten single- family homes, four multi-family structures, includ·ing a new twenty· four (24) unit condominium, and transient lodging facilities, the largest of which has some sixty-four (641 units. Bas i ca 11 y, the area · is ·a mixture of uses. It is the second most active tourist center in the Village east of the Kalamazoo River. been a number of substantial commercial investments along the waterfront making the area one of the Village's most active, investments There have In proximity to these are under utilized properties that do not appear to generate economic activity and are apparently not, at this time, f~rther developed. The water line is almost entirely lined with bulkheads and utilized in a water related capacity. terms of tourist activity. Area 3 is a natural extension of Area 1 in Tourists visit the shops and galleries in 11 �Area 1, walk the boardwalk along the water and perhaps eat in Area 3, Areas 1 and 3 are closely related in terms of contribution to the Village 's economic base, and tourism orientation. compliment each other. They support and Vistors to one area invariably visit the other. Area 3 supports more diverse uses of greater intensity than one, however, it would not ex ist without the unique attractiveness of Areal. AREA FOUR - LAKE STREET Area 4 is similar to area 3 in the sense that It is basically along the shoreline. However, in terms of activity, use, access, development, and investment, it is very dissimilar. There are some 35 single-family homes, a number of transient lodging, a marina, some commercial facilities, and the areas largest industry, Much of the area ls vacant. Many of the structures are in poor repair, little investment in recent years, There appears to have been Althouqh there are exceptions, the waterfront is generally under-developed and in poor repair, Expecting limited transient lodgings, the area has little attraction for tourists. Many of the single ~family homes are seasonal dwellings -- occupied only during - the summer months, Lake Street at the Blue Star Highway is the Village's second major entrance. Traffic volumes result both from thru-traffic going to the Center area and that associated with the major industrial use, parking The latter generates and a significant amount of truck traffic, on street The latter is In excess of that typically anticipated In a relatively small Village. Generally then, Area 4 does not make the best use of its considerable natural amenities. The latter includes the shoreline, the waterfront area, and the base of the ridge on the east s1de of Lake Street, 12 There �is a great deal of redevelopment potenti ~l In this area. AREA FIVE - COMMUNITY RESIDENTIAL This area is primarily "on the ridge 11 single-family residential. homes are typically 30-60 years olu generally in good repair. The The area is uncongested and except with rare exception, unaffected by tourist activity. A notable exception is the traffic entering the Village along Holland Street. main entrance. The latter is presently the Villages In addition, there is.a restaurant and the Village's largest marina along this entry-way, This area contains the great majority of the villages permanent (yearround) residents, in single-family homes, Although there are seasonal residences in that part of the area fronting the Kalamazoo River. AREA SIX - MAPLE STREET This area is undeveloped, except for village-owned utilities and approximately eight single-family homes, It is traversed by a deep and scenic ravine, ~nd contains some wet area~ (areas with development limitations). Maple Street is the eastern most Village boundary. Across from this area in the township there are commercial uses including warehouses, and storage sheds. It is the last substantial tract of conti- guous vacant property on the east side of the river in the village -approximately 60 acres. Ownership is in large tracts, There are no known recorded subdivisions, AREA SEVEN - PARK STREET Park Street is an existing residential area west of the Kalamazoo Ri.ver, I It i s primarily occupied by seasonal residents -- i.e., in residence for 13 �only the summer months. Area 7 includes the private residential enclave, Shorewood, at the western most end of Campbell Street. There are appoximately 100 single-family structures, of which the great majority are seasonal. In addition, there are about two tourist lodging facilities and a tourist orientated, season, commercial use. Permanent single-family home development is beginning along Campbell Street. There are some twenty (20} relatively new homes built in that area at present. The area Is largely either developed or platted. Many of the plats are long and, very narrow, or very small in overall square footage. Platted lots range in size from 6,000 to 7,000 square feet to 25,000 square feet. Much of the area was obviously platted in an uncoordinted unplanned manner. Park Street is generally considered to be one of the most scenic and desirable waterfront residential areas in the state, AREA EIGHT - MT, BALDHEAD The Mt. Baldhead Area is one of the most unique, scenic·, beautifully preserved mature dune areas in the Lake Michigan area, dune area is vegetated, forested and stable, Most of the There are some 11 blow-outs 11 (_~reas free of vegetation through wind disturbancel and some areas that have been cleared for recreational purposes. The area is recognized by the Michigan State Department of Natural Resources as an Area of Particular Concern (APC}. The entire area is some 250~300 acres ofwhich approximataly l50 is owned by the Presbyterian Church, perhaps 60•75 by the Village of Saugatuck and the remainder in large private holdings. The only development is camping facilities, consisting of a number of cabins, and outbu; ldings 14 �and the Oval Beach Lakefront swimming and recreation area. no other activity areas in the area, There are The Mt. Baldhead area is an important part of the Village's overall attra~tiveness. visual relief, as well as access to Lake Michigan, It provides It is an impor- tant counterpoint to Area 1, the Village Center and Area 3, the secondary tourist center. With Areas 1 and 3, the Mt. Baldhead area completes an attraction that provides activity,unusual speciality shopping experiences, eating and boating,and unparalled visual quality, The combination is unique and the result, a vital active , tourist economy. Mt. Baldhead is not only an important natural resource for the entire state and country, but also a "display case" for the Village Itself and has, therefore, a direct and positive influence on the economic vitality of the convnunity. 15 �AREA ONE - VILLAGE CENTER: Area 1, the Village Center is the most Intensely used area, It includes the central business area, restaurants and shops,and is the focal point of much of the area's activities. heavily utilized by to 11 rists, During the sullltler months, the area is Much of the revenue gained locally through tourist expenditures comes from this area. The Village Center is known for excellent anitque shops and art galleries. The Village Hall is here -- the center of municipal activity and, itself, a tourist attraction. The center expresses the style, activity, and scenic and architectural qualities that make the Village one of the most unique in the country. Center architecture is both late nineteenth century Victorian, and COlllTlercial and residential structures built some forty years prior. The latter are typically characterized by their wood frames, gabled roofs and false fronts. They are typical of early merchantlle establishments and reflect the area's lumber harvesting industry. The later Victorian structures are fairly typical of small towns, are similar in architectural characterJand predominantly of masonry construct -i on. While none are larger than two stories, several have large floor areas due to long, narrow floor plans conmonly used. Original facades are not elaborate in their architectural detail, however several stylistic elements are present including ltalinate cornices and brack~ts, and Greek revival entablatures end pediments. Other particularly interesting features include press-tin ceilings and cornices and lead~glass transoms. Generally then, the structures are small, understated, simple and classical in design. They reflect turn of the century conmercial demand for limited, accessible, retail space, 16 Unlike most villages, much of the ort- �glnal architecture has survived. tarian and elegant. The style remains simple, spare, utili- The atmosphere is informal. J The structures comfor- table; The scale is human and pedestrian, and compliments, with~ut over• powerlng 1 the surrounding natural environment. is at eye level, open, readily accessible. The charm of the center The center preserves Village History, focuses the surrounding natural environment,and establishes a sense of cornlort and place. It is unique, and It is surviving well. 17 �GROWTH TRENDS Population growth has been steady although not always at the same rate as surrounding areas. (It should be kept in mind, that the Village recently completed a sewer sy s tem. Prior to that, sewage had to be handled through individual ·septic systems, which was often cumbersome, inconvenient and not an inducement to growth. Had the Village had sewers In prior years, growth trends would probably be considerably different, growth.) There would have been more Village popula_tion increased from 770 permanent (year-rounrl\ resi- dents in 1950 to 1,022 in 1970 (see Table II for all population breakdowns). From 1970-1975, it was estimated that the Village had grown by 176 permanent residents, an increase of 17%. From 1975-1998, the Village Is expected to increase by 1,396 permanent residents, a 37% increase, Figures from the Saugatuck-Douglas Sewer Facility Plan will be used where possible, They were used in the sewer faci 1 i ty project and are apparently accepted as accurate by the community. Building permit data gathered and tabulated by the Village Clerk's office for the period 1970-1978 indicates steady though not dramatic growth (see Table II I). Equally significant, some twenty-one (21) permits were issued during that time for commercial remodeling and four (4) for new co1m1ercial establishments. These trends suggest investor confidence. Tourists, transient, and seasonal populations increase the numbers of people in the Village during 11 peak11 periods by at least threefold. Seasonal resi- dents (during the summer months} were estimated to be 617 in 1975 (see Table IV), making the Village's effective l ,900 people. 11 permanent 11 summer population closed to In addition, there is a transient (overnight• weekend) popu- lat ion of 280 and peak weekend "day visitors" of 2,650. These factors all add to population impacts, and increase loads on infra-structure, 18 As sug- �COMPARATIVE POPULATION DATA I--' LO 1950 1960 % Chng. 50-60 Village of Saugatuck 770 927 Saugatuck Township 845 Village of Douglas Allegan CO. Michigan 1970 % Chng. 60-70 1975 -- 20.4 1022 10.2 1198* 1396* 37.0 1133 34.1 1254 10.7 1495* 2445* 95.0 447 602 34.7 813 35.0 951* 1906* 35. 0 47,493 57,729 21.6 66,575 15.3 6,372,000 7,823,194 22.7 8,815,083 13.4 -- % Chng. 71,100** ** 102,500** 9,110,000** 10,505,000** Source: U.S. Bureau of Census * 1998 Saugatuck - Douglas Facilities Plan Williams & Works Population PRojections ••• To the Year 2000 Michigan Department of Management & Budget 1998 Figures are for the Year 2000 70-98 54. 0 19.o �RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED* 1970 - 1978 Single Famil~ 1970 N Triplex Multi-Family 4 1971 c:> Duplex 2 1S72 4 1973 4 4 1974 3 4 1975 2 1976 3 1977 3 1978 1 TOTAL * 24 3 4 3 24 14 In number of dwelling units e.g. duplex - 2 SOURCE: Saugatuck Vi 1lage Clerk 6 24 = 68 �TABLE IV VILLAGE OF SAUGATUCK POPULATION COMPOSITION 1975 1998 Seasonal Residents 617 719 Transient Population 280 400 Day Visitors 2650 3820 Permanent Population 1198 1396 TOTAL 4745 6335 rv j---1 SOURCE: Saugatuck-Douglas Facilities Plan 1976 Wi 11 lams & Works, Inc., Grand Rapids, Ml �gested in Table IV, these factors are expected to increase at the same time that the permanent population increases. An additional factor "impacting" population Is the increasing relative age of the population., and the apparent fact that the · area is becoming retirement orientated. The population of the Village and surrounding area has historically been older than normal. In 1970, persons over 65 in Allegan County was 9.4% of total population, in the state 8.5% and In the Village, 17.2% (U.S. Census). The population of persons over 60 in Allegan County is projected by the West Michigan Area Agency on Aging to increase by 76% by 1990 compared to 34% in the state as a whole. Part of the reason that the relative age of the population Is higher than expected Is because young people leave the area to find employment. An- other however, and an increasingly important one, Is that people are moving from urban areas to rural areas. These are often retirees but include young couples as well. Population movements that have been prevalent for a hundred years -- people moved from rural areas to urban areas -- are reversing, It has become apparent since 1970 that populations are now moving from urban areas to rural areas. While urbanized areas such as Wayne and Kent Counties are expected to grow minimally from 1970-2000, many rural townships will double in population (David Goldberg, Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, 1978}. All egan County is expected to Increase by 75% from 66,575 to 115,816 from 1970-2000. Retired persons are converting what were once seasonal homes, or cottages, to year-round homes, areas, Young families are simply moving to rural with or without permanent lodging and with or without employment pros pect s. The latter trends is creating a labor pool that could be an 22 �enticement to industrial and commercial growth. These trends have important implications for the Village. They suggest increased growth, _beyond growth rates experienced in the past, ECONOMIC STRUCTURE There are a number of important factors contributing to the strength of the local economy. Industrial employment in the Village is significantly higher than for a typical small village. A relatively large number of employed persons commute to surrounding employment centers such as Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo. Without question, however, the most significant sector of the economy with the greatest impact on dollars spent in the area, on land use, and on future land use planning eff,1rts is tourism. It is this sector that gives and sustains the function and vitality of the community, Probably 90-100% of all retail establishments depend on tourism. without it, they would not be in business. That is, (Opinions of local businessmen.) According to statistics compiled from information from the Michigan State Tourism Bureau, tourists spend approximately 5.5 million dollars in the Saugatuck-Douglas area per season. Approximately 72% of all money spent in the area on lodging is spent in Saugatuck. spent on tourism come into the Village. Approximately 95% of all monies There are approximately 221 jobs in the Village and ilTITlediately surrounding it, that are directly dependent upon tourism and another 106 indirectly dependent upon tourism (these are, of course, seasonal). Trends suggest a 12% incr~ase in expenditures by tourists each year. The tourism industry is obviously a vital one, and of great importance in the area. Its survival is closely related to the survival of the economic vitality of the community. 23 �LA~lD USE POLICIES OBJECTIVES &STRATEGIES INTRODUCTIOM: Objectives and strategies follow from an understanding of the history of the ·village; population and land use trends; and economic characteristics as developed and discussed in the Profile. of what Village growth should it can be. be They are an expression based upon, what it has been, and what Objectives and strategies express and define a theme that will guide and integrate, and provide a foundation upon which decisions affecting land use can be made. This. section will first dev,,lop and present generalized objectives and strategies. A land use map will be prepared locating land use classi- fication districts in the Village (see enclosed). A discussion in greater detai 1 wi 11 fol low, classifying areas by ''Intent", suggested 11 Land Uses and Controls 11 , and 11 Key Words 11 , This section is meant to describe what the Village suggests as the best use and function of specific areas in terms of the generalized objectives and strategies. The discussion proceeds from the general to specific narrowing overall objectives and strategies to specific suggested land uses, A brief discussion of major headings will help explain the process. OBJECTIVES Objectives refer to what the Village intends to accomplish with its overall land use planning program. STRATEGIES Strategies indicate how the Village Intends to realize its objectives. 24 �LAND USE CLASSIFICATIONS- INTENT: This indicates what the plan is trying to accomplish in terms of land use within a specified area. LAND USE CLASSIFICATION - LAND USE & CONTROLS: This will suggest, in general, land uses, intensity, density, and controls on land uses within a specified area. LAND USE CLASSIFICATION - KEY WORDS: This is meant simply to give a "first-glance" understanding of what the plan is trying to 'accomplish in a specific area by listing selected descriptive words. It Is included strictly for the ease and convenience of the reader. GENERAL OBJECTIVES: To preserve the existing character and function of the Village; To encourage development that does not detract from the existing character and function of the Village; To eliminate existing and potential blighting influences; to improve under-utilized areas,and unimproved shorelines and potentially environmentally significant areas. GENERAL STRATEGIES: The following strategies are designed to implement the objectives above. They are designed to direct Village planning,development and infra-structure policies. The 1 ist is not meant to be all-inclusive, It is antici- pated that it will be added to and subtracted from as objectives are rea~ lized and new opportunties arise. ENVIRONMENTAL The integrity of the Village as a coastal area and a designated Area of Particular Concern will be maintained (see Profile). �Open-space and views along Lhe waterfront will be enhanced, encouraged, and preserved. The preservation of views from the ridgeline to the water and surroundinq area will be encouraged. Propertie~ w~~t of the Kalamazoo River . will be maintain ed inithei·rnatural state and undisturbed by vehicular traffic. Recreation plans as developed in the Saugatuck-Douglas Area Parks & Recreation Plan will be implemented. Redevelopment of under-utilized areas particularly those along shore1 ines that do not provide good visual or physical access . will be encouraged~ Planned unit developments(see discussion in Profile) will be encouraged that maintain open-space; maintain existing environments; maintain scenic qualities; provide recreational amenities; and propose other planning considerations that will help the Village realize its land use objectivP-s. ACTIVITY AREAS Retail and colllllercial development that would detract from the vitality of the city center will be discouraged. Community serving retail and tourist orient ,ited facilities will be located in proYimity to the city center. Highest densities of residential use,and intensity of commercial uses, will be encouraged in the Culver-Lake Street area. Proposed dc ~e lopments will be analyzed with respect to impacts upon and consequences for traffic circulation syst~ms. Proposals that provide off-street parking, 1 imit access points and help to solve existing circulation problems will be encouraged- The Village will continue to study and analyze traffic problems and propose solutions• Proposals will be analyzed with respect to overall fiscal impact. Those that positively benefit the Village will be encouraged, those costing more t han they return in revenues will be discouraged. 26 �Generally then, development that compliments the existing character and function of the community, that preserves and develops open-space, and that least disturbs existing environmental amenities will be encouraged. In addition, i_t is recognized that areas exist· that are not optimally developed, that detract from environmental and scenic qualities and that do no contribute to the economic vitality of the co.,vnunity. Redevelopment of these areas is encouraged. LAND USE CLASSIFICATIONS/DISTRICTS (See Figure 11) DISTRICT I VILlAGE CENTER ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION (See Profile for detailed discussion) The Village Center is the focus of the community and much of the surrounding area. It is the center of activity; a focal point for tourists and speciality shoppers. It is occupied prfmarily by specialty shops, and is a major arts and crafts center. character of thP. Village, economy. It expresses the history and unique It is the major coJtributor to the c01TJT1unity 1 s The Center experiences major concentrations of pedestrian and vehicular traffic. INTENT The Village Center District is designed to preserve the existing character and function of the Center. It is the intent of this planning program to maintain and develop the Center as a theme expressing the character of the Village as a whole. LAND USES & CONTROLS Proposed new, or extensions of existing,structures shall not differ significantly in bulk or height from existing structures. 27 New land uses will �be primarily orientated towards serving tourists and speciality shoppers art galleries, antique stores, etc. Uses other than retailing, commercial, I governmental, or tourist orientated, will not be encouraged. I The Planning Convnission wil.1 review development and re-development proposals to insure that they compliment the existing historical and architectural character of the Center (see Profiles for discussion}. Uses that in the j udgement of the Planning Conlllission will detract from the existing char,,r:ter of the Center, because of architectural or historical considerations, or the market they intend to serve, or the kinds and volumes of traffic they may be expected to generate will not be permitted. KEY WORDS Vi 1lage Center Tourism Resort Area Arts & Crafts Center Limited Vehicular Traffic Preservation of Scale Maintenance of Rural, Village, Informal Atmosphere Maintenance of Historical & Architectural lnt_e grity . 28 -·· - ··- -- - .. - --·--· �DISTRICT II CENTER TRANSITION AREA ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION (See Profile for detailed discussion). The Center Transition Area Is an area Just norih of the Village Center. is composed, prin~rily of older, large, singie-family homes. It Many of the homes were constructed around the turn of the cen1 ·.ry or before. Many are of the type generally associated with older, often historical urban residential areas. Because of their size and age they have high main- tenance and energy costs. As a result, because of cost constraints, it often Is not feasib)e to use the structure as a single-family residence. INTENT The Center Transition Area is designed to accomnodate the full or partial conversion of dwelli11gs to uses that wfll allow them to maintain their value. The district is designed to control conversion of existing dwelling units to small scale, low intensity speciality shops, or places of interest to tourists and visitors because they are of historical i mportanc~, or because they display items of historical signiflcanoe, This district is intended to provide an opportunity for ho111eowners to convert their dwelling~ to speciality shops or attractions in areas where It is felt to be most appropriate. These areas will be in proximity to the center area, and will have had some conversions, or have experienced pressure to convert prior to the adoption of the land use plan. Maintenance of the historical significance of all structures in the area will be encouraged. Emphasis ., w i 11 remain on maintaining the area as a low-density, sl _ n gle~family 1 residential area, 29 - - - - -- - - - - ---- �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ' ' • ' ' ' LAND USE & CONTROLS Permitted land uses will be single-family residential dwellings or speciality shops in converted or remodeled single-family homes. Off- street parking will be re4uired where deemed appropriate by the Planning C~mmission. The use of signs and advertising displays will be strongly controlled by ordinance. Increased vehicular or pedes rian traffic, increased noise, or the use of ~dvertising displays will not be permitted to conflict with use of the area for slngle-family residential. Residc- :1tial dwelling unit densitles wlll be 2-5 unlts/acre. KEY WORDS Low Density Low Intensity Historical Preservation Single-family Re~:dential limited Scale Speciality Shops or Attractions 30 - - - - - --- - -- - �/ I I I I I I I I I DISTRICT Ill I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , WATER STREET SHORELINE ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION (See Profile for detailed discussion). The Water Street Kalamazoo River. Shoreline runs generally along Water Street and the It is currently a mixture of uses -- conwnercial, tran-- sient lodging, residential, industrial. Some areas are under-developed, under-utilized, and becoming increasingly deteriorated. INTENT The Water Street Shoreline District is designed to permit commercial, recreational and residential growth that does not detract from the Village Center, and that improves physical and visual access to the waterfront. The district provides an area for the expansion of the architec- tural and historical themes expressed tn the Village Center, The district will accommodate new retail and residential growth, and will serve as a secondary tourist focal point. Shorelines will be preserved, protected, and enhanced. LAND USES & CONTROLS Planned unit residential, retail, and convnercial development will be encouraged. Views will not be obstructed within public rights-of-ways. Development will stress open-space. Public access from the land to the water, and from the water to the land will be encouraged. Development wi 11 be low-density and low-intensity: height and scale will be similar to the Center Area. Planned unit development regulations will apply for residential development exceeding 4 units/acre Jincludlng that designed for lodgin~). or where 4 or more units are to be proposed as part of a single project. 31 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I KEv ·woROS Preserved/Protected Shorelines Open-Space/Green Areas Planned Unit Development Seconda:y Tourism Focal Point Resort Lodging Minimize Height and Bulk Architectural Characteristics Consistent with Village Center 32 I I , �t1' DISTRICT IV I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I WI I J LAKE STREET ENTRANCE/SOUTH SHORELINE ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION (See Profile for detailed description). This area is qlong the southern shoreline of the Village along the River. Existing land uses are primarily seasonal and transient lodging facilities. Some commercial and permanent family uses are interspersed. structures are deteriorating and under-utilized. Hanv of the Huch of the shoreline is likewise unusable, under-utilized, _and deteriorating. Portions are becoming blighted. INTENT The Village Entrance/South Shoreline District is designed to provide an area for development and re-development that is similar in use to the Center Shoreline but more intense, less strictly tourist orientated, higher density and permitting of greater bulk and height. The shoreline is to be re-developed and maintained to permit visual and physical access, and to permit more active use of the shore and water. This area will become a main entry into the Village and will be many visitors first impression of the Village, It is, important that this .1mpress1on . is a favorable one; that land u~es express the care and plan\ ning given to guiding Village growth. LAND USE & CONTROLS The same uses as District 111 are encouraged,· but they may be more intense. Larger scale resort lod9Jos1i . recreational uses, restaurants, etc. may be permitted. Water, and waterfront activities will be encouraged . • Gradual relaxing of hei~ht regulations _fro/'1 the western end to a maximum at the extreme east will be permitted providing that additional open-space area be provided -to compensate for increased height, �AI I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I r-(,.1 I / Planned unit development regulations shall apply when proposed development is to exceed 4 units/acre or where 4 or more units are proposed as a single project. KEY WORDS Colllllerclal/Retail Resort Lodging Water Access Water/Waterfront Activities Planned Unit Developments Village Entrance Open-Space/Green Areas/Waterfront Development �I / I I I I I I I I I / ----...J.. 1 1 I ~ DISTRICT V COMMUNITY RESIDENTIAJ. ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION (See Profile for detailed description) This is the Village's primary year-round residential area. posed primarily of low-density, single-family homes. It is com- Most of the area is unaffected by tourist related vehicular and pedestrian congestion. INTENT The Community Residential District is designed to preserve the singlefamily, low-density, neighborhood residential character of the area. To provide a quiet, non-congested, living environment for primarily yearround residents and to identify and plan for the preservation of his- torical sites within the area. LAND USES & CONTROLS Encourages land uses are: low density single-family residential dwellings (2-3 units/net acre of residential land area);and single-family cluster homes developed in accordance with PUD regulations and not intended for transient residents, providing that very low overall densities be maintained. KEY WORDS Low Density/Single-Family Residents Year-Round Residents Uncongested/Quiet Historical Homes Identification & Preservation 35 - - - - - - - - - --- - ·- �- / II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l----l I I) DISTRICT VI MAPLE STREET ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION (See Profile for detailed discussion). 11 Maple Street" i_s a largely vacant area on the eastern most edge of the Village. It is the last substantial tract of vacant land in the Village on the east side of the river. Land uses in proximity include single- family dwellings in the Village; and a village owned and operated water pumping facility. INTENT The Maple Street district is designed primarily to permit low-density sing 1e-fam i 1y deve 1opment. The district may acconmodate 1ow•dens i ty (3-5 units/acre) and innovative development techniques such as cluster zones, PUD's etc. The areas scenic and environmental qualities are recognized and will be preserved. The area may respond to specialized housing needs of primarily year-round residents, for example, who want to stay in the conununity but can no longer maintain a single-family home. LAND USES & CONTROLS Encourage land uses include: large lot single-family residential; low- density PUD's, and cluster developments. Encouraged uses will not be tourist orientated,or respond to the need for transient lodging, KEY WORDS Large Lot Single Family '' Low-Density PUD's Year-Round or Seasonal Residents 36 J �- '-'---L._J I I I,,J-----1--l_J_ I I I I I I I I _LJ.J ,: DISTRICT VII .EARK STREET ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION (See Profile for detailed discussion) Park Street is i.n that portion of the Village that is west of the Kalamazoo River. Single-family homes comprise most of the area, though there are limited lodging and retail facilities. Host of the properties are developed, or platted and have waterfront access. INTENT The Park Street District is designed to provide low-density waterfront residential opportunities stressing open-space, and physical and visual access to the water; and to maintain the waterfront in its natural state preserving the existing natural features, however, bulkhe~ds will be permitted. ENCOURAGED USES Low-density single-family residential, and planned unit developments will be encouraged. Residential other that PUD will not exceed 3 units/acre. KEY WORDS Waterfront Residential Preservation of Shoreline Low-Density Single-Family Residential 31 - - - - - -· - - · - - --➔- · _____J �DISTRICT VIII MT, BALDHEAD PRESERVATION &CONSERVATION AREA ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION (See Profile for detailed discussion) This district is among the most scenic and unique dune areas in the country. Excepting a pri~ately owned camp, and public recreation sites, the area is undeveloped. I i' The majority is privately owned. INTENT The Mt. Baldhead Preservation & Conservation Area Is designed to preserve the existing ecological and scenic quality as a recreational and natural resource. The Village recognizes this area as one of the state's most I I significant resources, and is convnitted to preserving it in its natural state, and as a public resource. I' ,..._ LAND USES & CONTROLS Land use controls will provide for minimal dl,sturbance of natural areas, provision of pedestrian access ways (e.g. boardwalks) to preserve terrain, and prohibition of all-terrain vehicles on other than improved,approved access ways. Any development will conform to planned unit development regulations and site plan review procedures and regulations. Restrictions will en- courage minimum project size (e.g. 9-15 acres) with clustering of structures to preserve natur~l terrain and minimize access ways. Permanent, seasonal, or transient residential dwelling units and low-intensity, passive, recreational uses (e.g. swl0111ing, hiking} only will be permitted. size. Dwelling .unit density will be regufated according to project Largest sites will be permitted maximum densities-· (approximately 2-3 units/acre). Development of single dwellings on a sing_te lot shall not exceed 1 unit/2 acres. Single unit development shall be subject to the PUO review process. Proposals that increase, enhance, or facilitate public access to, or I ' �enjoyment of natural dune and waterfront areas will be encouraged. The Old Channel/Oxbow Lagoon area will be preserved in its natural stat · . The relationship between structural placement. and roadway and other access way placement, shall be governed by the following general rules: It is the policy of the Commission to preserve vegetation in Dune Areas. ~here vegetation must be removed for construction purposes, the Commission may require that a plan be presented to, and approved by. the Commission illustrating what vegetation will be removed and why. If a plan is required the ~ommission will make a determination regarding its ( conformance with community planning policies and may require that the ,At plan be amended. The Conmission may require that cleared areas be re- planted in dune grass or other suitable natural materials. Fore-dune ridges and all crests will be undisturbed. In no case will the natural topography of a dune crest be altered. Roadways and pathways will be located in troughs between dune crests ,<;} -y..__ I .' II and other natural gaps. KEY WORDS Fragile Environment r Preservation of Existing Environment Conservation of Existing Environment Low-Density Public Access to Waterfront 39 ' I I �- / I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I_ I I I / w·u 11 ,, , , u:~:· i /\I :, 1 1•J.n '.J•,1i111 ~l•~:{ <w 'l'I 11,: ~;1\l 1< i/\'l'Ul :K VJJ.LN;,,: 111.\:!NlN(i crn::;w~:;icx~ Al'f'I.W.\I:1.F: 1U nuL1 .. >, / r Al'/\11'1 '·,Wf .:' 1~3, ( 0:-~IX l:,11t,~ E',1;;, ~ll l[JJ'j Ill.I•: l ISi•: l ll•:Vbl Ol>h!l ·:N'l'0 /\NI l 11.1,;;u,n Nti~ *** Defon' any act. ion [01· * * * * * * t:ht• conslnt<'.Uon t,1· dcvt>lop:n .: nt of an upartr,v :11t, 11 Udi111~ or aJxd·tnll!nl c<>lllph•.x , u c.ond(lffii1Yi111n hid !ding or conde.r.ni.1n.iun1 ,·,:itn:llcx, iC' l'Cational CQrnpl<ix, shall be r~rantL'Cl l>y any l>uildin~ ol'fi.c .i als and hdore 1y rc:,,£.Jnjn~, that. v.ould p(~rmit nn1lti.-family, comff'rjcal, conID.:!rc:iaJ rcx·rcationn.l oo r inuuslrht] u:,;t~'::i, t.he following rules and rcguh•.tions shn]l mr•1. p1·m•jd8cJ mt a site plan approw~d for purposes of re7oning, shall suffice for purposes f Lrr:1 nting a h11ild:lng JlPnni.t ns well. -z:: A. DefjnHions: ApartITCnt: Apartment is dcf ined a.c; a uuildi.ng com,isling of roore than tv.o self-contaiJ1ed dwelling uni.ts. I I I I C.Ondr.rni.11 i um : Condominium is defined as a building consbting of any self-conta1.ned dwelling w1iti:. that arc subjret to the provis1ons of the Michigan Horiwntal Real Property Act. Multipln Use Deve~nt: A nultiple use develo1:irent is ~ ~ \ I defin~'Cl us an application of a b-pecific area of land to several concurrent uses, any one or nore of which m.i.ght not ot.hPnvisc be allowed in the zoned district in which the particular parcel is located. B. ~lication Procedure and Approval Process: 1. Genera.l. Whenever any apa.rtrrr_mt, condominium or multiple use constructi.on or ciPvclo1'lncnt is proposed I and before any building penn.lt or rc~nninr. (sec nbtwP.) shall lx_, granted, the developer shall apply for and secure approval from the Saug:mtck Vil la~e Plmud n~ Cann:i ss ion in accordance wi.th the foll o\\'i n~ proco<lures and shall obtain appmval of l>oth a skntch plan ru1d c.le- t a.U rd R it.n plan. . el �- / I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I WI\ ) 0111111..i!;fJ.lou :Ulcl 1.hc' d<Neloper to J·c~1ch a11 umfon;l.and in~ dc~s.ih'11 invc:;t111cnt:, thr: dcvc.ilnp<'J' :--;h:\ll :s11lrnil a. Hlmb•.h ,,-r plan of hi.s propo:-::i l Ln lh0. S:1111 ·.alll':k \'.i.l l:ll';e Pl :inning u ~\Ill i ss IIll\ • '1l1e f-.ketch plan ~_;hall he drawn to approxilrute scah.· and clearly show th,? followin~ infonuation: ( 1) boundarirn-. oJ the property; (2) ]oculi.on uml heighl of all huilc.lin~.;; and Al (:l) interior roadway 8)1 8Lcm, parking facilities and all existing ri~ht::.-of-way and ea.somnts, whPther publi.c or private; (4) del .inl!ation o( the various r~icluutial and/or comn::-] rcial areas indicating for each such area its size , nU11i>cr of lmil<ling:-; and canposition in terns of total murber of dwelling Wlits, approximate percentage allocation by dwelling Wlit type, plus a calculation of the net residential density and coo1oorcial density; (5) the interior I I I I open space system; (6) the overall stonn water drainage sy~tun; (7) if grades exceed 3(1,t of portions of _the site, h~ve a noderate to high susceptibility to erosion or a noderate to high susceptibility to flooding and/or ponding, an overlay outlining tho above suscepti.ble &>il shall be provided; (8) principal ties to the neighborhood and coonunity with resJX,--ct to transportion, water supply and sewage disposal; .. J �-- / I I I I 111111111111111 KI Y (!::l) general description of the provision of other :] comrunity facilities, such as schools, recreational facilities, fire protection services and cultural facilities, i.f any and suoo indication of how th,••;c lll '<.--><ls are proJX.lsed to be acc.anmdatoo; {lO)a location unp sho,dng uses and ownership of abutting lands; b. In add.i.tion, the t'ollowiu'"' doc1i111..mtation ~ha.l I a.cco,~inny the Slmtch Plan: (1) Evjdcnco that the proposal is CU1patilllo K wilh rn11.,~hhori ng pro1x~rtieti and uses; GP (2) (i<.!neml Htaturcnt as to ho.v comron open space is to be owned and maintained; ( 3) 'llle Sketch Plan sha.11 show the ill tended total project. If the developrent is to be con- structed in phases, a gencrtl.l indication of t " j -,-.... I I how the sequence of phases is to proceed shall be identified. c. The Planning Cannission shall hold a public hearing or hearings on any application for apartroont, condoodnium or rrultiple use construction or developrents, and shall adhere to public hearing requirarents for re-zonings. d. Following the public hearing, the Planning O:m. mission • within 60 <.lays, approve or disapprove the Sketch Plan or nuke nodifications thereto and so notify the applicant of its decision. e. Approval of a Sketch Plan shal 1 not consistute approval of the detailed site plan 1 but shall be deaood an expression of approval of the layout as a guide to the preparation of the detailod plan. I �- /\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\1\r----iY f. Request for changes in Sketch Plan. If after a /f- Sketeh Plan is approved, an appl:\cant seeks to amend the approved plan, the applicant shall then resul.Jtnit his entire Sketch Plan, us amended, to the Planning Coomission for approval in accordance with the above procedures. :1. AvpJ:i cation Jor lk'ta ilt'<.l Site Plan Approval : a. After rc-ccivi.ng approval r~-an the PlUJU\ing Cunnissi.on on u. Skd.ch P]an, the~ uppli.ca.nt shall prepare hili detailc~d td.tc plan nnd BUI.Jt1rit it to tho Plannin1.t Oll1mission for app1·oval. lJo,IJl~v< ir, if nurc than 6 nonlh.~ 1-.a::. elall.'-il-~ K GP I I ~ I'----. l.>. 'l.11u detailed sit~ plan shall conionn to the I I I -,- Sketch Plan tint hns been given approval, It should incorporate u.ny rcvi:c.ions or other features that nuy have lx.•cn recooncnded by the I ,' I I Plannfo1~ (b11n1ssion a.t the preliminary review, All such C<X\pliu.nccs shall be clearly indicated by tho applicant on the appropriate sulxni.ssion, c. 'l'hc dc~ta.iled Site Plu.n shall include the following infomu.tion: (1) nn area map showing the applicant's entire holding, tha.t portion of the .applicant's prope➔rty undor consideration, and all properties, subdivisions, street, utilities and easuoonts within 300 feet of applicant's property; (2) a topographic rmp showing contour intervals of not nure than 1 feet of elevation shall be provided; I �(3) a site plan showing location, proposed use, and s height of all buildings, location of all parking areas, with access aud egress drives thereto, location of outdoor storage, if any; location of all existing or poropscd site inprovaoonts, including drains, culverts, retaining walls ' l and fences, description of irethod of w-«1ter b'l.lpply I and sewage disposal and location of such facili;, ties; locatic:m and size of n.11 signs; location and design of lighting facilities; and the anount of building area proposed for non-residen- • :1 ,., I • tial uses, if any; (4) a tracj_ug overlay f:»howing all soil typet:,;, their locations and those nrcas, if any, with noderate to hjgh suscept.ibilit.y to erosion. wj L I . '\ , For areas t l I' I '.( . I I I ~ ~ th potential erosion probla1t:>, the overlay ~ I Hhal1 a]i:-;(> jncludc :u1 outlino and description ,' 1n·orlC>:-;tJd vc.~ot.u.tiun. d. Hu1uiru.l 8Lan<.larclc.; :for Approval. 'l11e Plnnnint-t 0.1111ti:-::s1.on '::. rcvic..w of tho detai h .'<l Si tc Plan sh!\ ll incl ucln the fu]] owing: (1) adequacy and urrangcncnt o.r vehicular tra.Uic · access and circulation, including intersections, road widllk~, channelization, traffjc controls ru1d pc.'<.lestrian novurent; (2) location, arrang~nt, appearance and sui'ficicncy of off-street parking; (3) locution, arrangarent, size and entrances of bui.ldi.n1:.rs, walkways and lighting; (4) relationship of the various uses to one another; cL �' ' I j (5) adE..,quacy, type and arrangarent of trees, shrubs, and other landscaping constituting a visual and/or a noise deterring screen between adjacent uses and adjoining lands; (6) in the case of residential w;cs, the adequacy of useablc open space for playgrounds and recreation; (7) adL,quacy of water supply, storm water and sanitary w.tSte djsposal facilities; (8) adequacy of structures, roadways and land- J scaping in areas with m:xterate to high :.C susceptibility to flooding ponding and/or ,- \ - erosion; I I I (9) coopliance with all regulations'of the Saugatuck ~ i-. Village ZDning Ordinance; I (lO)CCXJ\)a.tibility of adjoining uses on and oft the I ' I I I site and preservation thereof. 4. Action on the Detailed Site Plan: 'Ille Planning Q:mnission shall render it~ approval or disapproval withi.n 60 dayH of final hearing nnd so notify the applicant and iho building oJ'ficial, who nuy th<.Jn isHuo tho usu pemrlt. 5. nevoca t. i.on : In any c:U:iC where the construct ion bas not r,.x111-.~11< :cd with i11 01w year frcm the tlaLu of approval by th<! Pla111ii11~~ Co11111i:-;~;.ion, :.uay JX!l1nit:-: is:.-.u<:d on ~uch a1,proval :,h:il I. lie nul 1 autl void. ■ �SAUGATUCK TWP. -- - ------t--' -. I l----------~~J!?o SAUGATUCK I I I I I I I I I I ' I OLD ALLEGAN RD / 0 ' •-------1---h-=-~.---------.,,......--~,'~ I I I I I ·- - - - - - - - I I I I I I I I I I 0 - --, - - - - - - - - - -.- - i - - - I I <r -1 ' DOUGLAS I ~ I I I I 4 I I I I I I ,- - -1'- - .., . ._. I LJJ I I I , CR. I I I I 'J I,' '/ \ I I I I I I I __ _ i~ , ' I I I I TANNERY 130Tfi I I• ·•--- I I I I I I I I , I I I I I I ' I '.( :, _______ ., I I I I I I I I I i ' •' I I I' ' I I / '' ' ' ' ' '' I , I I I ' 'I I I / ') AVE I I ..... - - - -i-:._~ I I I = � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saugatuck_Land-Use-Plan_1979 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saugatuck Village Planning Commission, Allegan County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Title A name given to the resource Village of Saugatuck Land Use Planning Program Description An account of the resource The Village of Saugatuck Land Use Planning Program was prepared by the Saugatuck Village Planning Commission with the assistance of the West Michigan Regional Planning Commission in Summer 1979. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource West Michigan Regional Planning Commission (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Land Use--planning Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5bf076becdd65c6909382125778ab8be.pdf d1d7cb4103d72784793e5a920c79f546 PDF Text Text VILLAGE OF SEBEWAING MASTER PLAN NOVEMBER 2018 \liUOgeo/ ~ /ii f SEBEWAING �This document was generated over the course of a year, with input from numerous stakeholders. While the process was led by the Master Plan Steering Committee, the plan reflects the feedback and guidance provided by the community through surveys, public comments, and multiple stakeholder meetings. Steering Committee Dale Bolzman, Planning Commission Julie Epperson, Planning Commission Jo Jubar, Planning Commission Jeff Parsons, Planning Commission Nathan Schulz, Planning Commission Doug and Chris Deming, Sebewaing Chamber of Commerce Duane Dressler, Department of Public Works Superintendent Alexander Khoury, Village President Lois Kroll, Village Clerk Melanie McCoy, Light & Water Superintendent Carl Osentoski, Huron Economic Development Corporation Village Council Alexander Khoury, President Marcus Sting, President Pro-tem Larry Heider, Trustee Matthew Cummings, Trustee Marcus Deering, Trustee Julie Epperson, Trustee Brandy Gunsell, Trustee Linda Engelhardt, Treasurer Lois Kroll, Clerk Planning assistance by: Emily Rhodes, Delta Institute Cindy Winland, Delta Institute A delta institute Financial assistance for this project was provided, in part, by the Coastal Zone Management Program, Office of the Great Lakes, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, under the National Coastal Zone Management Program, through a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. MICHIGAN OFFICE OF THE GREAT LAKES �Village of Sebewaing Huron County, Michigan Planning Commission Resolution At a regular meeting of the Planning Commission of the Village of Sebewaing, Huron County, Michigan, held on November 1, 2018 at 2:00 p.m. WHEREAS, the Village of Sebewaing Planning Commission and Steering Committee, pursuant to the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (Public Act 33 of 2008, as amended), has studied and prepared recommendations for the development and land use in the Village of Sebewaing Master Plan; and WHEREAS, the draft of the Master Plan was presented to the Village Council for review and approval of distribution for comment; and WHEREAS, the Village Council approved distribution of the Plan, thereby commencing the required public review period; and WHEREAS, on October 15, 2018, a duly and properly noticed public hearing was held to consider public comment on the proposed Master Plan, and to provide the public another opportunity to comment prior to the Planning Commission's consideration to approve the Plan; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission has conducted a final review of the Master Plan and determined approval of said Plan is in the best interests of the Village of Sebewaing. NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED THAT the Village of Sebewaing Planning Commission hereby adopts the Village of Sebewaing Master Plan, including all of the chapters, figures, descriptive matters, maps, and tables contained therein. The provisions of the Master Plan to be effective immediately. The Resolution was introduced by Jeff Parso" s and seconded by Jo Ju bCtr ROLL CALL VOTE: MEMBER YEAS NAYS ABSENT DALE BOLZMAN fil' JULIE EPPERSON □ JO JU BAR ,JQ □ □ □ RESOLUTION: ~ ADOPTED MEMBER YEAS NAYS ABSENT □ JEFF PARSONS 1E1' Ji:! NATHAN SCHULZ □ □ □ □ □ □ DEFEATED □ TABLED Resolution declared adopted this 1st day of November, 2018. g Commission Chairman ~ �1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Authority to Plan ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Purpose and Use ............................................................................................................................................... 5 The Planning Process........................................................................................................................................ 5 2. Regional Setting ................................................................................................................................................ 7 3. Community Profile ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Population Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Age ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Housing ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Household Income, Employment, and Educational Attainment .................................................................. 11 Natural Resources .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Community Facilities ...................................................................................................................................... 14 Utilities ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 Transportation ................................................................................................................................................ 15 4. Existing Land Use ............................................................................................................................................ 19 5. Public Engagement ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Community Survey ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Public Meeting ................................................................................................................................................. 29 6. Goals and Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 30 1. Tourism ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 2. Housing........................................................................................................................................................ 31 3. Development .............................................................................................................................................. 31 4. Water Assets ............................................................................................................................................... 32 5. Village Services ........................................................................................................................................... 33 6. Resilience ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 7. Redevelopment Sites ..................................................................................................................................... 34 8. Future Land Use .............................................................................................................................................. 41 Single-family residential ................................................................................................................................. 41 Multi-family residential ................................................................................................................................... 42 Commercial ..................................................................................................................................................... 42 Manufacturing ................................................................................................................................................. 42 2 �Mixed-use ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 Recreation ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 9. Zoning Plan ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 10. Implementation Strategy ............................................................................................................................. 46 Zoning Ordinance Revisions .......................................................................................................................... 46 Public Participation and Support .................................................................................................................... 47 Continuous Planning ....................................................................................................................................... 47 Appendix A .......................................................................................................................................................... 54 Link to Survey Results .................................................................................................................................... 54 Appendix B .......................................................................................................................................................... 55 Public Meeting Poster Boards ........................................................................................................................ 55 Appendix C .......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Concept Plan for 249 N. Center Street (the Former LMS Property) - Public Comment Draft ................... 56 Figure 1: Village of Sebewaing Context Map ....................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2: Walkability Audit .................................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 3: Current Land Use Map ......................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 4: Are you a current resident of the Village of Sebewaing? .................................................................. 24 Figure 5: What is your age? ................................................................................................................................ 24 Figure 6: How would you characterize the quality of life in the Village of Sebewaing? ................................... 25 Figure 7: List the three (3) things that would improve your quality of life if they were available in the Village of Sebewaing. .......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 8: List the three (3) major challenges facing the Village of Sebewaing................................................. 26 Figure 9: How would you prioritize the following? (Count of “High” responses) ............................................ 26 Figure 10: What issues do you believe are very important to the future of the Village of Sebewaing? ......... 27 Figure 11: What aspect of sustainability, resilience, and natural resources need to be protected or enhanced? ........................................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 12: What priority should be given to the following capital improvements? (Count of “High” responses) ............................................................................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 13: What priority should be given to the following to attract more visitors/tourists? (Count of “High” responses)........................................................................................................................................................... 28 3 �Figure 14: Historic River District Context Map ................................................................................................. 34 Figure 15: M-25 Corridor Context Map ............................................................................................................. 38 Figure 16: Future Land Use Map ........................................................................................................................ 43 Table 1: Selected Demographic and Economic Characteristics ...................................................................... 10 Table 2: Employment by Industry ...................................................................................................................... 11 Table 3: Natural Resources ................................................................................................................................ 13 Table 4: USA School enrollment by school year ................................................................................................ 14 Table 5: Existing Land Uses ................................................................................................................................ 20 Table 6: Future Land Use and Corresponding Zoning Categories................................................................... 44 Table 7: Goal 1 Implementation Plan ................................................................................................................. 48 Table 8: Goal 2 Implementation Plan ................................................................................................................. 49 Table 9: Goal 3 Implementation Plan ................................................................................................................. 50 Table 10: Goal 4 Implementation Plan ............................................................................................................... 51 Table 11: Goal 5 Implementation Plan ............................................................................................................... 52 Table 12: Goal 6 Implementation Plan ............................................................................................................... 53 4 �Authority to Plan Authorized by the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MPEA, PA 33 of 2008, as amended), the Village of Sebewaing has prepared the following Master Plan. The Village of Sebewaing Planning Commission was formed in the summer of 2015 and is comprised of residents and business owners. As a newly formed body, the Planning Commission participated in basic training for planning commissioners and has undertaken resiliency planning and a public utility resolution for siting, taken part in the Main Street Program, and facilitated several engagement processes. Purpose and Use The purpose of this Master Plan is to act as a roadmap for the future of the Village of Sebewaing. Through a series of goals and objectives, this plan will provide a guide for the future land use decisions, zoning ordinances, and activities pursued throughout the Village. While no plan can be all inclusive of the projects, activities, situations, and needs of the community in the future, this plan is a guide for the community to prioritize and pursue activities that will shape the future of the Village. Throughout the document, this symbol is used to call out how the document can be used at various decision points in the planning process. The Planning Process The Village of Sebewaing Master Plan planning process began in November of 2017. However, this plan represents information and community input that has been gathered over the past few years and builds on past planning efforts including the Village of Sebewaing Resiliency Plan, the Village of Sebewaing Recreation Plan, First Impressions Tourism Program (FIT), Michigan State University Spring 2018 Practicum Report, Michigan Economic Development Corporation Redevelopment Ready Communities program, and past regional planning documents. The Village contracted with Delta Institute to support the completion of the Master Plan. To guide the creation of the plan, the Master Plan Steering Committee was formed. The Steering Committee is made up of members of the Village of Sebewaing Planning Commission, Sebewaing Light and Water, the Village Clerk, the Department of Public Works, the Huron County Economic Development Corporation, and local business owners. The Steering Committee met once a month to work on the plan. The planning process began with a review of existing conditions and land uses in the Village of Sebewaing. Using input gathered from a community survey and past community meetings, a series of goals and objectives were created and the Future Land Use Map was developed. The goals and objectives were the subject of a community meeting held on June 7, 2018. 5 �A public hearing was held on October 15, 2018 as required by the MPEA and to provide an additional opportunity for feedback and input following the 65-day public comment period. After the hearing, the Master Plan was adopted by the Planning Commission on November 1, 2018 and then approved by the Village of Sebewaing Council on November 5, 2018. A copy of the adopting resolution is included in this plan and the plan is available at the village office and on the village website for review. The planning commission and community will use this plan as a basis to guide their work over the next five years at which point the plan will be reviewed and amended as necessary. 6 �The Village of Sebewaing is a village located along the Saginaw Bay in Huron County, Michigan. Named for the crooked creek that flows through the Village, Sebewaing is known for its abundant natural resources and connection to nature through agriculture, hunting, fishing, and recreation. The Village of Sebewaing is within Sebewaing Township, an area primarily made up of agricultural uses and cropland. The Village is within a onehour drive to cities such as Flint, Bay City, and Saginaw. Sebewaing is also located less than a two-hour drive to Lansing and Detroit, and to the US-Canadian Border in Sarnia, Canada. Figure 1: Village of Sebewaing Context Map 7 �Population Overview Before developing proposed goals and action items for the Master Plan, it is important to understand the current context and needs of the residents in the Village. According to the 2016 American Community Survey, the Village of Sebewaing is home to 1,610 residents. Over the last 15 years, Sebewaing has seen a decline in its population by nearly 18 percent. During the same time period, both Sebewaing Township and Huron County saw approximately 11 percent drop in population. In general, the population in the Village of Sebewaing tends to be older, have smaller household sizes, and have a higher rate of disability than the broader geographies of Sebewaing Township, Huron County, or the State of Michigan. Implications: These characteristics are important to take into account during the planning process. Different age groups may have varying needs in terms of community facilities, activities, and housing options and a shrinking population can have an impact on housing vacancy and community services. Age A significant characteristic of Sebewaing is the high median age. The median of 51.8 years is more than ten years higher than the State of Michigan. According to the US Census analysis of urban and rural America, rural areas in America tend to have a higher median age (43) compared to urban areas (36). In the Village of Sebewaing, residents 65 and older represent 22.2 percent of the population, a 6.5 percent increase since 2000. Residents ages 20 to 64 have consistently been the largest age group, making up 60.2 percent of the population in 2015. The relative percentage of this age group to the total population has grown slightly since 2000, up by 2.4 percent. The Village of Sebewaing has seen a 7 percent decline in residents under the age of 20, representing only 16 percent of the population in 2016. Implications: An older population has some unique needs in terms of housing, health care, recreation facilities and activities, and transportation that should be taken into consideration when planning future development and activities in the Village. Sebewaing is looking at zoning options that may promote walkability between residential units and services. This approach to planning and development can be attractive to both members of the community that would like to remain in the community into retirement as well as attract new residents looking for amenities nearby. Housing The housing stock in Sebewaing has grown by 13.5 percent since 1970. Most of the housing stock is comprised of 1-unit, detached structures. Only twenty percent of the housing stock was characterized by two- or more units in 2016. However, the number of occupied units has declined from 2000 to 2016, with a 8 �24 percent loss in occupied rental units. While the number of vacant housing units has doubled since 2000, over the last few years very few houses within the Village of Sebewaing have been for sale for new residents in the area to purchase. A scan of the real-estate market in the summer of 2018, showed only 6 houses were for sale in the Village. Implications: The rising vacancy rate may be due to the Village’s aging housing stock that doesn’t meet the needs of new families or an aging population, or from a declining population. However, with very few houses for sale, the Village is looking at diversifying housing options, both in terms of affordability and size, as well as promoting the redevelopment of vacant units before building new housing options. 9 �Village of Sebewaing 2000 2010 2016 Sebewaing Township* 2000 2010 2016 Huron County 2000 2010 State of Michigan 2016 2000 2010 2016 Total Population 1,974 1,759 1,610 2,944 2,724 2,634 36,079 33,118 32,021 9,938,444 9,883,640 9,909,600 Median Age 40.9 44.9 51.8 40.9 44.7 48.3 41.2 46.8 48.3 35.5 38.9 39.5 Population Under 20 25.3% 18.6% 16.0% 25.8% 22.8% 20.5% 26.3% 22.7% 21.7% 29.0% 23.7% 25.3% Average Household size 2.27 2.19 2.11 2.35 2.3 2.3 2.42 2.27 2.27 2.56 2.49 2.51 Bachelor's Degree or Higher 10.6% 12.7% 13.0% 10.0% 11.3% 12.3% 10.9% 12.8% 14.9% 21.8% 25.0% 27.4% High school diploma 74.8% 85.0% 89.0% 80.9% 87.9% 91.3% 78.3% 84.6% 88.7% 83.4% 88.0% 89.9% Median Household Income (in 2016 dollars) $45,924 $45,004 $41,324 $48,106 $46,240 $51,384 $49,565 $44,115 $43,082 $62,691 $53,212 $50,803 Per Capita Income (in 2016 dollars) $23,711 $23,283 $22,875 $24,964 $23,753 $26,260 $25,054 $22,760 $24,455 31,113 $27,860 $27,549 Disabled 20.9% 16.80% 17.76% 18.6% 12.90% 13.40% 18.9% 16.80% 16.09% 17.2% 13.70% 14.07% Below Poverty Level 17.5% 9.8% 9.4% 13.9% 8.6% 7.7% 10.2% 13.3% 13.95% 10.5% 14.8% 16.3% Table 1: Selected Demographic and Economic Characteristics Source: US Census Bureau. Census 2000, Census 2010, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. *The Township demographic figures include the Village of Sebewaing population 10 �Household Income, Employment, and Educational Attainment In 2016, the median household income was $41,324, in dollars adjusted for inflation, which represents a decrease from 2010. In addition, the Village median household income is nearly $10,000 lower than that of Sebewaing Township or the State of Michigan. However, in the Village of Sebewaing, the poverty rate dropped from 17.5% to 8.6% from 2000 to 2016, and a similar decline in poverty rate was experienced in Sebewaing Township. According to the US Census Bureau, 13% of adults in Sebewaing held a bachelor’s degree or higher in 2016 and almost 9 in 10 adults in Sebewaing held a high school diploma, about a 14 percent increase since 2000. Manufacturing, Healthcare and Social Assistance, and Retail Trade were the top industries employing Sebewaing residents in 2015. Michigan Sugar Company is an agricultural cooperative with sugar beet processing plants in Bay City, Caro, Croswell, and Sebewaing. Michigan Sugar is the largest employer in Huron County, and according to the company’s website, across their seven facilities, they employ approximately 700 people year-round, and an additional 1,600 during peak season. According to data compiled by the Huron County Economic Development Corporation, Sebewaing is home to four of the counties 43 top industrial employers. Implications: The lower annual incomes in Sebewaing is likely due to the higher percentage of residents over 65 years old or disabled, who are more likely to be on a fixed income or whose employment is more seasonal in nature. In addition, more educated and highly skilled workers tend to earn more than their counterparts with lower educational attainment. Sebewaing residents that are employed are in industries that align with broader trends in the region. EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY (2015) Village of Sebewaing Sebewaing Township* Huron County 21.3% 21.9% 15.4% Manufacturing Health Care and Social Assistance 19.3% 18.4% 16.0% Retail Trade 11.5% 12.0% 11.1% Accommodation and Food Services 7.0% 7.1% 6.8% Educational Services 6.6% 6.3% 6.6% Administration & Support, Waste Management and Remediation 4.9% 4.7% 8.8% Public Administration 4.0% 4.4% 4.8% Other Services (excluding Public Administration) 3.6% 2.8% 3.2% Transportation and Warehousing 3.5% 4.5% 3.0% Wholesale Trade 3.3% 2.8% 3.7% Construction 2.8% 2.7% 4.7% Finance and Insurance 2.8% 3.1% 3.8% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 2.7% 2.4% 3.2% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 2.4% 2.4% 4.4% Management of Companies and Enterprises 1.7% 1.7% 1.2% Information 1.6% 1.4% 1.6% Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 0.7% 0.4% 0.8% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 0.3% 0.6% 0.5% Utilities 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% Table 2: Employment by Industry Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies. On The Map. *The Township figures include the Village of Sebewaing population 11 �Natural Resources The Village of Sebewaing is home to incredible natural resources. The natural features of the Village are an important component to resident’s quality of life and they have the ability to complement and grow the recreation opportunities throughout the Village. Many residents in the Village recognize the importance of preserving, protecting, and enhancing the Village’s natural resources into the future. Saginaw Bay Sebewaing River Wetlands Forest & Open Green Space The Saginaw Bay makes up Sebewaing’s western border. The 1,143 square mile freshwater bay is the largest coastal-wetland system in the United States. It is a popular destination for fishing, duck hunting, kayaking, and boating. The Saginaw Bay serves as an attraction to recreational amenities, providing campers, boaters, and families with water-sport activities. While phragmites currently overrun Sebewaing Bay, the community has an interest in identifying potential locations for a beach or waterfront access in the future. The Sebewaing River runs from the Saginaw Bay to the Cass River, located southwest of Sebewaing near Cass City, Michigan. The Sebewaing River provides opportunities for residents and visitors to take advantage of the natural resources that Sebewaing has to offer. Sailboats, motorboats, kayakers, and fisherman use the river for warmer-month activities. According to the National Wetlands Inventory, a majority of Sebewaing’s wetlands are located on the Saginaw Bay. The wetlands along the Saginaw Bay creates a marsh-like shoreline consisting of phragmites, open drains, and walking trails. However, given the marsh-like shoreline, development is limited in this area. The Huron County Drain Commissioner maintains the township’s open channel drain system, which many visitors use for recreation activities, including ice fishing, kayaking, and swimming. The park and recreation areas throughout the Village of Sebewaing represent opportunities for residents and tourists to enjoy both forested areas and open green space. The Sebewaing County Park includes wooded trails, however, currently these trails are not paved or marked. Through public input, residents have expressed interest in improving the trails for year-round use. The Village’s many parks also offer open green space, baseball, and softball fields. 12 �Natural Resources (continued) Birdwatching, Fishing, and Duck Hunting Climate Invasive and Endangered Species Given Sebewaing’s extensive natural areas, wildlife is abundant in the area. Sebewaing is well known for its great walleye fishing and the Average Joe Fishing Tournament out of the Sebewaing Marina attracts fisherman from around the region. Birdwatching and duck hunting are additional components to Sebewaing’s recreation-based tourism and amenities offered to residents. According to the National Weather Service, Sebewaing is a Moist Continental Mid-latitude Climate. This type of climate tends to have warm to cool summers and cold winters. As a coastal community, the impacts of climate change pose a significant risk to the Village of Sebewaing. According to the Great Lakes Integrated Sciences & Assessments, since 1900 the total annual precipitation has increased 11 percent, and since 1958 the average frost-free season lengthened by nine days. The Sebewaing area is primarily agricultural, and cropland comprises one of the most vulnerable assets in the community, particularly as extreme weather events increase and average temperatures rise. The Village of Sebewaing, like many communities throughout Michigan, has been impacted by the invasive plant species phragmites. Phragmites are wetland grass that through a tight root system suffocates the native plant and animal life living in the Saginaw Bay Area. According to the Huron County Recreation Plan, over the last decade, phragmites has taken over many beachfront areas in the region. Table 3: Natural Resources 13 �Community Facilities Parks The Village of Sebewaing is concurrently updating their Village Recreation Plan, which provides an in-depth assessment of the Sebewaing area recreational facilities. The Village boasts 6 parks, including the Sebewaing County Park that spans 26-acres and includes 54 large hookup sites and 10 tent sites. In addition, the Village is home to the Sebewaing River Campground with 73 camping site and fishing access. For a more in-depth review of the community facilities throughout Sebewaing, reference the Village of Sebewaing Recreation Plan 2019-2023. Schools The Village of Sebewaing is served by three area schools.  The Christ the King Lutheran School is a private school with two campuses. The campus located in the Village of Sebewaing is open to students from 2nd through 8th grade. The preschool and 1st grade campus is located in nearby Unionville.  The New Salem Lutheran School is a small private school located within the Village of Sebewaing.  The Unionville-Sebewaing Area School District is located in Sebewaing Township and is made up of the Unionville-Sebewaing Area Elementary School and the Unionville-Sebewaing Area Middle and High School, which are located in the same building. Enrollment numbers for the three schools are listed below in Table 4. In addition to serving the Sebewaing and Unionville communities, the Unionville-Sebewaing Area Schools attract students from Fairhaven Township, Columbia Township, Akron Township, and Wisner Township and beyond. Enrollment: Unionville-Sebewaing Elem. School Unionville-Sebewaing Middle School Unionville-Sebewaing High School 2013-14 270 223 270 2014-15 255 211 267 2015-16 342 157 261 2016-17 325 150 260 2017-18 313 160 259 Table 4: USA School enrollment by school year Source: MI School Data, Student Counts Marina The Sebewaing Harbor Marina is located near the mouth of the Sebewaing River on the Saginaw Bay. It is owned in partnership between the Village of Sebewaing and Sebewaing Township and is operated by a private entity. The Sebewaing Harbor Marina has 80 boat slips, four boat launches, and public restrooms. The marina is an amenity that attracts residents and visitors alike in the warmer months. Sebewaing Harbor Marina 14 �Utilities Electric Sebewaing Light and Water (SLW) is a municipally owned electric, water, and internet utility. They ensure the reliability and affordability of water, electric, and internet for the residents and businesses of Sebewaing. SLW has scheduled for installation of new natural gas engines to provide reliable power and to meet the needs of Michigan Sugar Company during the processing season. The engine plant is designed to add efficiency by providing hot water to neighboring facilities through the combined heat and power (CHP) process. Municipal Water SLW supplies drinking water from three wells and 17 miles of pipe. In 2017, SLW sold over 76 million gallons of water. However, as with many communities, aging infrastructure can be a challenge. SLW is continuing to explore ways to make their infrastructure and service delivery more sustainable and resilient. SLW is currently exploring new pipes for their system. Internet SLW is a small internet provider that provides fiber optic networks to residents and businesses across the Village. Providing fiber service is a great benefit to the community, increasing internet access to previously underserved areas and providing faster service at a lower price. Sewer and Stormwater The Department of Public Works maintains the Village’s sanitary sewer and stormwater management system. The sanitary sewer system includes 80,000 feet of sewer lines and contains 2 lift stations and 5 lagoons, totaling 55 surface acres to treat wastewater. The stormwater system is comprised of 65,000 feet of drainage infrastructure. Transportation Roadways The main traffic corridor through the Village of Sebewaing is South Beck Street (M-25), which runs North-South through the Village before heading northeast to Bay Port then onto Caseville and southwest towards Unionville and Bay City. The remaining network through the Village is primarily made up of local roadways providing access to business and residential property. There is lighting throughout the Village and major roadways include curbs and gutters. In the downtown area, street crossings are marked with crosswalks. 15 �Pedestrian and Bicycle Paths In the Spring of 2018, a Michigan State University Practicum class completed a walking audit through the Village, looking at the presence of lighting, sidewalks, crosswalks, and signage along roadways. To determine the walkability ratings in Figure 2, data was collected on street lighting, sidewalks, curbs, crosswalk/road paint, and signage. Particular streets score lower if any combination of the attributes were missing. A street could receive a score of “Moderate Walkability” if it had proper safety accommodations such as curbs, lighting, and crosswalks/road paint, but lacked in appropriate signage/ sidewalk quality. A “High Walkability” rating was given if a street met all of the requirements. While some residential areas lacked sidewalks, the majority of the commercial and residential areas received a moderate walkability rating. As expected, Ped/Bike Route Signage the industrial area of the Village near larger industrial sites such as Bayside Best Beans and the Michigan Sugar Factory, received lower walkability ratings. See Figure 2: Walkability Audit below for the results of the walkability audit. The walkability score, along with community input through surveys and public meetings, helped inform the Village’s objective around developing a non-motorized walking trail and connections from the Village residential and commercial areas to the waterfront (see Chapter 6: Goals and Objectives). The walkability audit results also informed the Village of Sebewaing’s 5-year Parks and Recreation Master Plan, which can be found on the village website. The Parks and Recreation Master Plan highlights additional planning and potential resources for streets and wayfinding improvements including improving connectivity through signage and developing a Village Park Walking Loop. 16 �Figure 2: Walkability Audit 17 �Transit The Huron Transit Corporation, known as the Thumb Area Transit (TAT), provides door-to-door bus services for the residents of Huron County. TAT operates in a demand/response mode and offers Sebewaing residents the ability to schedule a ride with the service to be picked up and taken to any location throughout Huron County. Airport The Village of Sebewaing is home to one airport, owned by Sebewaing Township. Situated along Saginaw Bay, the airport has one paved and one grass runway. The facility is adjacent to the Sebewaing Harbor Marina and is a half mile walk along West Sebewaing Street to the Historic River District. The airport is used by the Michigan National Guard as a training site. The airport is open to the public and in 2015 saw an average of 38 aircraft operations per week. Other modes of transportation The Huron and Eastern Railway is a short line railroad that operates in the Thumb and Flint/Tri-Cities Area. The railway primarily carries agricultural products. 18 �The Master Plan is primarily a land use planning document that informs and directs zoning decisions. It is important to document the current status of land uses that are on the ground today and how they support the community’s vision or need to be modified to address anticipated changes and needs in the community. The Existing Land Use is shown on Figure 3 (pg. 23) and divides land uses into eight categories: Single Family; Multiple Family; Commercial; Industrial; Public; Open Space; Agricultural; Vacant. The Existing Land Use Map was created in December 2017 utilizing the windshield survey technique and aerial photographs. The Steering Committee verified each parcel based on their on-the-ground knowledge of the parcel land use. These categories are not the same as the Future Land Use or Zoning categories because they represent existing development as opposed to permitted uses. The percentage of land and acreage of varying types of existing development are often compared to the Future Land Use categories of land to show how changes are being made to accommodate future needs. Vacant land is important to note because it offers a blank slate of sorts, to meet future needs. The Existing Land Use Map can be used to determine any uses that are nonconforming with the current zoning. This will indicate a need to address the purpose of nonconforming parcels, for example, determining if there have been changes in conditions or community needs. It may also indicate a need for revisions in the zoning map and/or language to eliminate them. Nonconforming uses and dimensional regulations are common in older communities where lot sizes and housing norms were established almost 100 years ago. Nonconformities can be resolved with sliding scales for lot sizes and setbacks and serve to highlight the unique and attractive aspects of small town living versus the often mono housing of suburbia. Often the Existing Land Use Map is compared to the current Future Land Use Plan to see if the plan has been realized and if not, why. In the case of Sebewaing, the current Future Land Use Map and Plan is of an age and does not reflect additions to the Village boundaries, that it would not be useful as a measure of the fruition or effort of the plan. 19 �The Existing Land Use Map for the Village points out several development patterns that are addressed later in the Master Plan and in the Future Land Use Map:  Heavy industrial and residential, generally considered incompatible, are mingled together on Union, Miller, and First Streets.  There is a mixed-use land use pattern that has evolved on Main Street.  A large portion of the commercial corridor on the south end of the Village on Unionville Road appears to be inaccessible at this time.  The vacant land east of Tenth Street and on Adam Ridge Drive offers an opportunity for mixed or otherwise unique land use combinations that would be beneficial in the adjacent neighborhoods.  The commercial corridor from Sharpsteen Street to Mason Street along Center Street also offers opportunities for mixed land uses that would be beneficial to the whole community.  There are also opportunities to provide connectivity among recreational uses and increased walkability from the water to downtown and from neighborhoods to downtown and recreation. The existing land uses and their acreages are outlined below in Table 5: Acreage % of total land Single Family Detached, single-family residences. 330.3 38.1% Multiple Family Table 5: Existing Land Uses Apartments and assisted living facilities. 29.9 3.5% Land Use Brief Description Image 20 �Acreage % of total land Commercial Retail, service, and office land uses. 234.0 27.0% Industrial Light and heavy industries involved in manufacturing, assembling, or processing. 63.6 7.3% Public Land Use Brief Description Marina, churches, schools, municipal building, and other public property. 28.7 3.3% Image 21 �Acreage % of total land Open Space Parks and cemeteries. 30.8 3.6% Agricultural Agricultural fields. 28.9 3.3% Vacant Land Use Parcels that are not being actively used or developed for any of the purposes listed above. 120.2 13.9% Brief Description Image 22 �Figure 3: Current Land Use Map 23 �Community Survey As part of the Village of Sebewaing’s Master Planning process, the Master Plan Steering Committee undertook a community survey in order to gather feedback on a variety of questions related to the Master Plan. The survey was open for three weeks, from January 29, 2018, through February 16, 2018, and was available to stakeholders online through QuestionPro as well as in paper format. The paper surveys were available at the Village Office and the Sebewaing Light and Water Office. Steering Committee members also distributed paper surveys at businesses in the Village and at the meetings they attended during the three weeks the survey was open. A total of 127 respondents completed the survey, with another 83 who started but did not did complete the survey. This is a very high response rate in any size community. The project team recorded the paper survey responses into QuestionPro prior to running an analysis of results to ensure all responses were captured online. A copy of the survey and results are available in Appendix A. The community survey contained 22 questions and respondents were first asked basic questions about their relationship to the Village of Sebewaing including if they are a resident, how long they’ve lived in the Village, and their age. The majority of respondents (63.8%) were current residents of the Village (Figure 4) and just over a third of respondents (34.4%) have lived in the Village for 30 years or more. Of the visitors and past residents that participated in the survey (about 20% of respondents), the vast majority of them come to Sebewaing more than 12 times per year. The majority of survey participants were evenly distributed between 25 years old and 64 years old (Figure 5). Figure 4: Are you a current resident of the Village of Sebewaing? Figure 5: What is your age? 24 �Quality of Life Respondents were also asked about their quality of life and why, if they were residents, they lived in the Village of Sebewaing. Nearly 70 percent of respondents felt that the quality of life in the Village was generally good, improving, or excellent (Figure 6), and the top three reasons selected for living in the Village were “Close to family and friends”, “Born and raised here”, and “Like rural living”. Figure 6: How would you characterize the quality of life in the Village of Sebewaing? When asked to list three things that would improve their quality of life (Figure 7), 15 percent of respondents were interested in seeing additional activities in the Village, such as a movie theater, kayaking, or more Village events, such as farmers markets. Many survey participants expressed interest in seeing more dining options as well as more businesses and retail in the area. This was also reflected in respondent's answer to what services they would like to see, where restaurant/coffee shop was the overwhelming majority. Figure 7: List the three (3) things that would improve your quality of life if they were available in the Village of Sebewaing. 25 �Challenges When asked about the challenges that the Village may face in the future, respondents were concerned about the lack of jobs, businesses, and things to do. Survey participants were also concerned about residents moving out or not being able to attract new residents and younger generations to the community (Figure 8). Respondents were also concerned about blighted and abandoned or unattractive buildings/yards throughout the Village and 23 percent expressed concern about Village Services such as the tap water, utilities, roads, or policing. Figure 8: List the three (3) major challenges facing the Village of Sebewaing. Community Needs Respondents were also asked about how they would prioritize the need to attract different services and types of business to the Village (Figure 9). Of the respondents, 84.7 percent put high priority on “attracting more retail and other services (restaurants, lodging, legal services, repair services)”, followed by nearly 70 percent placing “attracting more visitors/tourists” as a high priority. “Attracting more industrial businesses” and Figure 9: How would you prioritize the following? (Count of “High” responses) “maintaining existing park and recreational facilities” and “continuing to enforce the blight ordinance” rounded out the top five items respondents would give high priority. 26 �Future of Sebewaing The Master Plan Steering Committee was also interested in learning about what issues survey participants believe are very important to the future of Sebewaing. Each respondent was able to select up to three options of the 12 provided, or were given the opportunity to write in a response. The top three issues were “Economic development/job creation” (134 votes); “Access to lakes and rivers” (111 votes); and “Tourism” (91 votes). “Agriculture” was the fourth most selected answer, with 47 votes, followed by “Preservation, protections, and enhancements of natural resources” with 40 votes. Figure 10: What issues do you believe are very important to the future of the Village of Sebewaing? Natural Resources The Village of Sebewaing is home to incredible natural resources. Survey participants were asked to select what natural resources they would like to see protected. While the questions required participants to select their top three, one respondent wrote-in to say “all of the above” should be protected and enhanced. Of those that did select their top three, “Clean Water” topped the list with 30 percent of the votes. It was followed by “Wildlife and habitat” with 18 percent and “Public lands and open space” with 14 percent of the votes (Figure 11). Figure 11: What aspect of sustainability, resilience, and natural resources need to be protected or enhanced? 27 �Capital Improvements The Community Survey also asked participants to rank how they would prioritize capital improvements in the Village of Sebewaing. Some write-in respondents thought the Village already has great internet service and that the parks throughout the Village are nice. The highest priority was given to improving the drinking water quality and maintaining the roads (Figure 12). Figure 12: What priority should be given to the following capital improvements? (Count of “High” responses) Tourism Tourism was another topic covered in the Community Survey. When asked if the Village of Sebewaing needs to focus development on the tourism industry, of the 136 respondents, 85 percent agreed or strongly agreed. The top three types of tourism that survey respondents thought should get the most attention, “Boating & fishing” topped the list with 107 votes, followed by “other types of recreation” such as kayaking and biking with 94 votes, then “Events” including farmers markets, flea markets, tournaments, with 92 votes (Figure 13). Some respondents selected the “other” option and suggested things like looking into ecotourism, more dining options, or exploring indoor or winter activities. Figure 13: What priority should be given to the following to attract more visitors/tourists? (Count of “High” responses) For a full list of the survey questions, answers, and write-in responses, please see Appendix A. 28 �Public Meeting On June 7, 2018, the Village of Sebewaing held a public meeting to gather input on the proposed goals and objectives that were created from data gathered from the community survey as well as past public meetings. The 24 community members in attendance participated in a sticker-voting exercise to provide initial input on whether they agreed or disagreed with the proposed goals and objectives. The outcome of the sticker-voting showed that all members were aligned on each of the six draft goal topic areas. Participants then engaged in a discussion about each of the six topic areas. Comments from the public meeting were then incorporated into the draft goals and objectives that are outlined later in this plan. A link to the electronic version of the poster boards used for the public meeting can be found in Appendix B. Finally, comment cards were provided at the meeting and then at the Village Office to allow for residents to continue to provide feedback and comments on the proposed goals, objectives, and the overall planning process. Participants at the June 7, 2018 Public Meeting 29 �A key element of the Master Plan is the identification of the goals and objectives outlining the community’s desired activities for the future of the Village. The below goals and objectives were developed with input from the master plan survey, community feedback during meetings that took place over the last two years, as well as other planning efforts recently undertaken by the Village including the Resiliency Plan, Recreation Plan, Redevelopment Ready Communities Baseline Report, and participation in the First Impressions Tourism (FIT) program. From this wide range of input, the goals of the community coalesced around six main topics: 1) Tourism; 2) Housing; 3) Development; 4) Water Assets; 5) Village Services and; 6) Resilience. Each topic area is organized as follows: Goals are general guidelines for what the community wants to achieve. Objectives describe a specific future condition to be implemented within a certain period of time. o Supporting information is also provided for each objective. Not every goal and objective will be achieved in the next 10- to 20-years. This list of goals and objectives should be used by current residents and municipal leaders to guide priorities and actions. It will also help future residents and municipal leaders to understand the thinking behind and reasoning for each of the goals and objectives outlined below. 1. Tourism Tourism is an important part of the Village of Sebewaing’s identity. The Village is well known for its great walleye fishing and duck hunting and is home to two campgrounds and a marina that attract visitors from across the state. Each year, the Village is flooded with visitors attending the Sugar Festival. Input from the community has highlighted that the community would like to continue to grow TOURISM by maximizing parks and recreation assets and providing opportunities for these activities to grow Sebewaing as a destination. Objectives:  Develop fishing, birding activities, and hunting opportunities o  Builds on existing natural resources and recreation opportunities to attract more visitors. Promote Agritourism o  In 2017, the Village of Sebewaing participated in MSU’s First Impressions: Assessing Your Community for Tourism (FIT) program. The FIT program is a community assessment that helps communities learn about their strengths, challenges, and opportunities for change through the eyes of first-time visitors. The outcome of the 2017 assessment was a series of suggestions to attract more visitors to the area. Strengthens connection to the agricultural nature of the Village of Sebewaing and surrounding area. Attract destination hotel development and diversify lodging options 30 �o o  Attract RV park development o  A destination hotel would both support future growth in additional visitors to Sebewaing as well as act as a stand-alone destination. Diverse lodging options, such as short-term rental services and bed and breakfasts, will give visitors options for where to stay in Sebewaing. Sebewaing County Park offers RV parking; however, at times it is at capacity. An additional RV development would support the increase in visitors looking for this amenity. Create Village Marketing Campaign o By promoting the activities and facilities that exist in Sebewaing a marketing campaign can attract new visitors to the area that may not otherwise know about Sebewaing. 2. Housing The Village of Sebewaing is predominantly composed of single-family detached housing. A diverse range of affordable, quality housing is a sign of a strong neighborhood and ensures there are options for residents of all ages and abilities. In order to support both current and future residents, the Village strives to develop a range of affordable, quality HOUSING. Objectives:  Increase the mix of housing o o  A diverse range of size, quality, and affordable housing is needed to meet the needs of current residents, residents who would like to remain in the community through retirement, and new residents looking to call Sebewaing their home. Mixed layouts of units and affordability are two key features of the need. Prioritize redevelopment of vacant housing units o With very few houses for sale, the Village is focused on diversifying housing options, both in terms of affordability and size, as well as promoting the redevelopment of vacant units before building new housing options. Getting vacant units ready for sale would allow the Village to provide quality, affordable housing while addressing blight. 3. Development The Village of Sebewaing has a rural character that residents like and is fortunate to have a large number of parks and greenspace, including wetlands and forests. In order to maintain the Village’s rural character and protect its natural resources while also allowing for new amenities, housing options, and jobs to come to the Village, Sebewaing must be thoughtful about the future development in the Village and plan for attractive commercial, residential, and industrial DEVELOPMENT throughout the Village of Sebewaing. Objectives:  Decrease blight in the community o Maintaining and strengthening the blight ordinance is a key interest in the community and as buildings continue to age, this will continue to be an important objective. 31 � Take control of vacant, abandoned and obsolete property o Some of Sebewaing’s former industrial facilities have sat o  Intentionally promote development of Historic River District and M25 Business Corridor (for more information, see Chapter 7: Redevelopment Sites) o 249 N. Center Street (the former Lapeer Metal Stamping site) vacant for many years, including 249 N. Center Street (the former Lapeer Metal Stamping site) or 708 N. Beck Street (the former Acme Roll Forming Co. site). By taking control of these properties they can be returned to productive use and support economic development in Sebewaing. The 249 N. Center Street property (former Lapeer Metal Stamping site) is a brownfield site in the heart of downtown Sebewaing. Planning and design work has taken place to begin exploring the remediation and redevelopment options for the site. The current concept plan for the site is shown in Appendix C. Many community members expressed interest in additional development in both commercial corridors, such as restaurants or coffee shops to improve quality of life. Residential support of new businesses would be important for their success. Development in these corridors can also bring jobs to the area. 4. Water Assets Sebewaing is home to incredible water assets, including the Sebewaing River and Saginaw Bay. However, due to challenges with invasive phragmites, opportunities to access and utilize these waterways have been limited. The community survey and input from public meetings have reiterated the community’s vision for improved access to and use of the Village of Sebewaing’s WATER ASSETS. Objectives:  Identify beach location o  Currently, there is no beach access in the Village of Sebewaing. Beach access would allow residents and tourists to enjoy the coastal nature of Sebewaing. Develop water recreation - boating, kayaking o  In addition, the Village of Sebewaing is reviewing and updating its 5-year Recreation Plan. The Recreation Plan update allowed for additional thought to be given to the types of activities the Village would like to pursue to build upon the activities and recreation services provided to its residents and tourists. Supports the Village’s connection to their water assets through activities. Develop non-motorized walking trails and connections from the Village residential and commercial areas to the waterfront o To promote access to future water recreation and beach locations, walking trails and bike paths from upland to the water assets can provide year-round opportunities for residents to recreate. 32 �5. Village Services The Village has taken a proactive approach to gather input from residents and sharing information in a timely manner. Meeting minutes from the Village Council, Police, Department of Public Works, and Sebewaing Light and Water Meetings are all posted online on the Village’s website and public meetings are advertised online and at the Village Office. In addition to continuing these efforts, the Village strives to continue to improve services and provide efficient and effective VILLAGE SERVICES. Objectives:  Continue to improve drinking water system o  Through the public engagement process, feedback was provided regarding concerns with the Village’s drinking water. Sebewaing Light and Water is taking steps to address these concerns by improving the distribution infrastructure of the drinking water system. Promote collaborative efforts among municipalities and agencies o Ensures efficient and effective services are provided and that lines of communication remain open between the service provision entities working together, including but not limited to, Emergency Management Services, Sebewaing Township, Consumer’s Energy, USA Schools, Fire Department, and DTE Energy. 6. Resilience As a coastal community, planning for a resilient future is increasingly important to the Village of Sebewaing. Resilience strategies can be incorporated throughout the planning and implementation of many projects and activities. Sebewaing has been forward-looking in terms of identifying opportunities to promote the development and adoption of climate adaptation and RESILIENCE strategies for Sebewaing and its utilities. Objectives:  Align Village planning efforts to the Resilience Plan to protect infrastructure and ecosystems o o  In 2017, the Village of Sebewaing completed a resiliency plan which includes an assessment of the Village’s current vulnerabilities and outlines recommendations for implementing resilience efforts in the future. Given the Village’s location along Saginaw Bay, nearly half of the Village is located in the floodplain. The Village of Sebewaing Resiliency Plan can be found here: http://www.sebewaingmi.gov/planning--resiliency.html Resilience efforts can and should be incorporated throughout the Village’s planning efforts. Education is a key component of growing resilience recognition in the community and can be a part of the resilience planning efforts. Work with Huron County to implement strategies recommended in the Huron County Hazard Mitigation Plan, and support the county in future hazard mitigation planning efforts. Align operational and capital improvements, including water quality infiltration and protecting recreational infrastructure to the Resilience Plan o The Village can explore incorporating resilience efforts into the implementation of all capital improvements. 33 �Introduction: This chapter further articulates the Village’s goal and objective around development in their community, specifically focused on the following two priority redevelopment areas: Historic River District and the M-25 Business Corridor. In order to set expectation for those involved in new development and redevelopment within the Village, the following chapter, outlines the local context of the two targeted redevelopment areas. It also includes the challenges to development as well as strategies to overcome these challenges to achieve the community’s vision. Historic River District Figure 14: Historic River District Context Map 34 �Background The Historic River District is primarily the commercial area in the Village center. This area is located along the river on Main Street between Second Street and Fifth Street, and crossing the river on Center Street from Sharpsteen Street at the north end and Grove Street at the south end. The Future Land Use plan and strategies outlined for this district, build on past community conversations and the Master Plan Public Meeting, as well as the Downtown Development Authority (DDA) Development Plan and Tax Increment Financing (TIF) Plan 2013 - 2033. The DDA was created in 2012 to promote growth and redevelopment in the Historic River District, and in 2013 established a development and TIF plan which outlined 23 projects to provide a sense of place, improve safety, promote business development, and remove and prevent blight. The DDA TIF plan can be found on the Village’s website at www.sebewaingmi.gov and is available at the Village Office at 222 N. Center Street. The Future Land Use plan shows this area as mixed use in what is now a strictly commercially zoned area on both sides of the river. Permitting a combination of commercial, residential, and light manufacturing or assembly in this area, is intended to encourage occupancy on all floors of a structure, adding income producing options, improved maintenance, all enabled with zoning requirements to protect surrounding residential neighborhoods, encourage pedestrian oriented uses, transparent facades on the ground floor, and address the building codes and access issues associated with redevelopment of historic structures. The area has multiple historic structures and several redevelopment opportunities. Most recently the former Lapeer Metal Stamping site at 249 N. Center Street has been demolished and there are tentative plans to redevelopment the site for assisted senior living. (See plans in Appendix C on page 56) If built as planned, this structure will provide an attractive bookend to the Historic River District and a much needed influx of a pedestrian population who will need access to food, open space, and other daily needs. Other existing uses in the district are retail, a museum featuring the local area and commercial fishing, doctor’s offices, including chiropractor and dentist offices, municipal structures, religious institutions and various other retail, but notably, no restaurants. 35 �Key Issues The key issues facing the Historic River District are as follows:       Most of the structures are nearing 100 years old and require extensive renovation to use. None of the structures meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements on upper floors for public access. Vehicular and pedestrian traffic counts are low, making it difficult to attract investment for pedestrian oriented uses such as restaurants and personal service businesses. While overall the Village has adequate sidewalks, some are slanted, restricting the ability to put sandwich signs, tables, flower boxes, etc. on facades. Many facades have historically accurate construction remaining and require reconstruction where wood has rotted or pieces are missing. Signage is challenging on facades in poor repair. There are several larger vacant lots that if developed, would provide a consistent and attractive walkable area at the west end of the district. Strategies The strategies to address these challenges are listed below. The Historic River District is within the Sebewaing DDA’s district. One of the goals of the Village of Sebewaing DDA is to provide direction and resources to implement revitalization and new development projects, therefore, the DDA will be the lead entity responsible for undertaking the following strategies, along with the Village Planning Commission. The Village Council will also be a key entity in making decision on the below strategies.  Update Zoning o Rewrite the zoning regulations to establish a mixed use district, with a suitable mix of uses and regulations to allow the area to be fully leased and occupied. o Write design guidelines for the Historic River District to ensure redevelopment is done in a way that highlights the historic nature of the district yet is pragmatic in scope to avoid excess costs. o Rewrite zoning regulations to lessen parking requirements, reward shared parking, and move all parking to the rear of buildings or in combined lots behind buildings, except on the street. 36 �   New programs ○ Establish a facade and signage improvement program, providing matching grants or other incentives to building owners to improve the appearance of the structure according to the adopted design guidelines. ○ Adopt a sidewalk improvement program in the capital improvements plan that resurfaces parking, potentially with crosswalks. ○ Research designating the area as a historic district to obtain tax credits. Build Access and Connections ○ The Village is currently updating their five-year recreation plan, which supports providing access to the river and water, noting connections to recreational opportunities from the Historic River District. Creating attractive, well-designed, and safe connections to the river, the marina, and Village Parks and campgrounds will assist in supporting both the Historic River District and other areas in the Village. ○ Create walking and biking access with signage to the Historic River District and adjacent uses such as the waterfront, and linking to the M-25 Corridor. Marketing ○ Create and annually update a redevelopment ready guidebook online to showcase properties that are ready for use, along with pertinent tax, cost, utilities and other marketing information. ○ Market the Historic River District as a destination and a stopping point to other attractions to the north, highlighting at least ten things that a visitor can do when visiting. The outcomes from the MSU First Impressions Tourism Program can be used as a guide. 37 �M-25 Corridor Figure 15: M-25 Corridor Context Map Background The entirety of the M-25 corridor (Unionville Road and Beck Street), extends north and south through the Village, roughly bisecting the eastern third of the land area. The current development along this state highway is primarily residential, with commercial uses at the north and south ends of the highway. The existing and planned uses along this corridor require zoning and development regulations that will both promote commercial development on the larger lots to the south and preserve the quiet, residential street it becomes as it travels north through town and across the Sebewaing River. The future land use planned for the corridor retains this mix of land uses and is embarking on a new zoning ordinance that will provide more detailed development guidelines that will include access management and basic design guidelines. The community has been surveyed extensively and requested various commercial additions to the community that would be suitable for the M-25 Business Corridor, which is a commercially planned and zoned area. These types of businesses could include food options, retail stores, or other services. 38 �The M-25 Business Corridor extends from Myers Road to just south of John Street. There are also commercial uses further north at M-25 and Pine Street. The commercial uses in these two sections vary in size and density, particularly at the southern end of the community. Key Issues The key issues facing development of the M-25 Business Corridor are as follows:     The varying lot sizes and frontages available for commercial uses. The mix of access points that create friction entering and exiting property at the southern end of the corridor. The cost of developing on long narrow lots is less flexible because of the driveway and parking requirements and default building footprint that has to fit within these requirements. The lack of consistent seasonal traffic volume on M-25 discourages development that generally requires year round traffic to survive, such as restaurants, sporting stores and other service and retail uses geared for Village residents and visitors. Strategies The strategies to address these challenges are listed below. The following strategies will be led by the Village Planning Commission as well as the Chamber of Commerce to ensure that both strategies around zoning updates and marketing of the area are achieved. The Village Council will also be a key entity in making decisions on the below strategies.  Update Zoning: ○ Revise the zoning ordinance to permit zero lot line development, thereby creating the opportunity for more innovation in the use of the lot or effectively creating a larger lot but retaining single lot ownership if desired. ○ Add access management provisions to the zoning ordinance that rewards shared drives, 39 � shared parking, limits the distance between drives, and specifies standards for drives so they can accommodate deliveries from trucks or large vehicles without damaging the drive or curb radius. ○ Rewrite parking requirements to lessen paved surfaces, thereby effectively increasing the buildable area on the lot. Less required parking also decreases the cost of development with less paving, drainage, and maintenance. This can also help the Village work toward their resilience and sustainability goals, by reducing the amount of impervious surfaces. ○ Write development regulations that require pedestrian transportation options that are separated from traffic the full length of the corridor. Marketing ○ Adopt a development marketing campaign for the corridor and specific locations that will provide infill on the corridor to increase the density and type of uses. A mix of uses will attract greater numbers of people as there will be something for everyone in the region. ○ Increase tourism marketing to take advantage of traffic that is attracted to beaches and festivals to the north on M-25. Leverage existing marketing in the region to show what people can do along the way and what is unique about Sebewaing. Signage to direct people off the corridor and into the downtown and waterfront is also valuable. ○ Create and update annually a redevelopment ready guidebook online to showcase properties that are ready for use, along with pertinent tax, cost, utilities and other marketing information. 40 �The Future Land Use Map and categories are intended to be used as both guidance and a tool to shape future planning and development efforts. Created with an eye toward future zoning updates, the Future Land Use map reflects the anticipated needs of the Village, its residents, and visitors. It aims to maintain a rural, livable, walkable environment while allowing the Village to control the appropriate amount, location, and type of growth and development. The purpose of the Future Land Use Map is to:  Provide a projection of land uses for the next 20 years.  Assist in accomplishing the goals and objectives outlined in the Master Plan.  Achieve coordination of development by directing and supporting the Planning Commission decision making process when evaluating future zoning and development proposals.  Serve as a consensus document, stating clearly the community’s vision and strategy. As a consensus document, the Master Plan can be used to justify and align funding efforts needed to achieve the goals and objectives. While the Future Land Use Map conveys the Village’s desired land use for each parcel over the next 10-20 years, it is also intended to be fluid, and frequently revisited and amended as needed. As a guide, not every change will actually take place and in most cases where a zoning change is required to achieve the planned future land use, it will happen at the request of the landowner on their schedule. The Future Land Use Map and categories are intended to be used to guide and direct zoning decisions. However, Future Land Use categories do not need to match the zoning districts. In Sebewaing, the zoning ordinance is anticipated to be updated in 2019, helping to align this guidance document with the zoning document more clearly. See the Zoning Plan section of this Master Plan on page 35 for further discussion of how these two documents work together. The following includes a description of each category of uses included in the Future Land Use Map: Single-family Residential Single-family residential remains the most prominent land use. This land use classification is intended to provide adequate space for single-family residences. The uses intended in this classification include onefamily detached dwellings and compatible uses such as daycare facilities, religious institutions, and other public facilities such as libraries and municipal offices. Short-term rentals and bed and breakfasts would also be considered appropriate for this type of land use. The prominence of single-family residential dwellings ensures that the Village of Sebewaing continues to maintain its rural nature. 41 �Multi-family Residential This Future Land Use designation envisions supporting higher-density residential uses, including apartment buildings, duplexes, and condominium-style developments. The Future Land Use Plan would allow for additional land to be designated as multi-family than shown in the current Master Plan or zoning map. The goal of increasing land designated for multi-family is to allow the Village to diversify the availability of quality, affordable housing for residents of all abilities and at all stages of life. Commercial Commercial land uses are envisioned along key roadways, accessible by car, including Pine Street and Unionville Road. This designation includes retail and various highway and pedestrian-oriented services. Commercial uses are grouped and focused in these areas on the Future Land Use Map more than they have been in previous planning documents. Manufacturing This is the most intense land use in the Future Land Use Map. This category includes warehousing, manufacturing, processing, as well as light manufacturing facilities such as research and development. Supporting services for the primary uses as well as some supporting services for employees are intended to be included in this district also. The Future Land Use Plan envisions consolidating industrial activities to the north of the river, between the railroad tracks and Albert Street. Mixed-use To achieve a more walkable Village center, this plan proposes the addition of a mixed-use future land designation. The mixed-use zone would include the current Village center, as well as the parcels around Sharpsteen, William, and Henning Streets, which are currently characterized by a mix of industrial, vacant, and residential uses. The mixed-use future land designation would encourage pedestrian-oriented places that layer land uses by permitting residential and work-live spaces above business and in some cases, industrial use. Mixed-use would also be allowable on the north side of Maple Street, between Seventh and Tenth Streets to create a buffer between the commercial uses along Pine Street and the residential areas. This would also be a tool to encourage additional commercial and residential development. Recreation According to the Future Land Use Map (pg. 43), the recreation land use designation would be at the existing parks throughout the Village and on parcels where the land is currently used for recreational activities, such as camping. The recreation designation would encourage the maintenance of parks, open space, water access, campgrounds, and recreational facilities throughout the Village of Sebewaing. 42 �Figure 16: Future Land Use Map 43 �Michigan Planning Enabling Act requires that every community that has zoning must also have a Master Plan. The purpose of this dictate is to cause the community to create a guidance document, based on community engagement, and ideally, consensus so that zoning decisions are based on the cohesive thought of the community as a whole. This gives the zoning, an enforceable law in the community, the publicly accepted authority it needs to be employed and respected. Applied consistently and fairly, zoning is the strongest and most effective land use tool a community can have. As part of the intent of the Master Plan and Zoning Ordinance, the enabling legislation for planning requires that the Master Plan include a discussion of how the zoning and planning documents are related and treated as part of a comprehensive set of land use regulatory tools to carry out thoughtful development and growth in a community. Table 6 shows how the Future Land Use categories coincide with the zoning categories that exist now and serves to provide interpretation direction to the planning commission regarding how to use the Future Land Use Map. Often, Future Land Use categories are broader than zoning categories because the Plan is intended to have some fluidity as situations present themselves and change over time. For instance, the Future Land Use Map may show a ‘commercial’ category and the zoning map may show three commercial categories, all of which are commercial in nature but have different intensities or densities of commercial uses. It is up to the Planning Commission and Village Council, and sometimes rezoning applicants, to locate the various commercial zoning categories within the more general future land use ‘commercial’ category at the time the Future Land Use is created. In some cases, the Future Land Use and the Zoning Map will line up exactly, often to create a definitive boundary between residential and other uses, for example. Future Land Use category Single Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Commercial Manufacturing Mixed Use Commercial (proposed for inclusion) Recreation (proposed for inclusion) Corresponding Current Zoning category RA-1 One-Family Residential RA-2 One-Family Residential MR Multiple-Family Residential MHP Mobile Home Park (Yet to be eliminated in zoning ordinance) C Commercial M-1 Light Manufacturing M-2 Heavy Manufacturing MR Multiple-Family Residential C Commercial M-1 Light Manufacturing M-2 Heavy Manufacturing C Commercial RA-2 One-Family Residential Table 6: Future Land Use and Corresponding Zoning Categories 44 �There will be times when zoning decisions are made that do not conform to the Master Plan. In these cases, there needs to be strong justification and an immediate intent to revisit the Master Plan and Future Land Use Map by the planning commission to revise these to reflect the modified thinking and rationale that the inconsistent zoning decision reflects. The Village of Sebewaing Zoning Plan shows one category that will be proposed for elimination in the zoning ordinance and two that will be proposed for inclusion. The zoning ordinance is slated to be rewritten in 2019. At that time, the Planning Commission expects to make these changes. Until that time, the Future Land Use Map must reflect categories and uses that exist in the zoning ordinance so that particular land uses are not effectively prohibited or permitted in the Plan without corresponding regulations in the Zoning Ordinance. 45 �Implementation strategies are a key component of the Master Planning process. Implementation of this plan will take cooperation among municipal leaders, Village residents, and the private sector to carry out the recommendations in this plan, and to continue the planning process. In addition to the three general implementation strategies below, the tables that follow reiterate the goals and objectives developed as part of the planning process and layout the proposed tasks, timeline, and responsible party for making the plan’s recommendations a reality. The implementation timelines on the following tables are a rough estimate of the number of years to undertake the tasks for a given objective. The timeline can also be used to speak to the priority each objective will be given. For example, the Village intends to prioritize attracting and creating additional activities such as kayaking, fishing, hunting, and creating a year-round non-motorized trail.  Near-term: Less than 2 years  Mid-term: 2 to 5 years  Long-term: 5 years or more A single responsible party is identified for each near-term task. The listed responsible party will take the lead moving their task forward. However, every task will require partnership among multiple entities. The lead responsible party will identify partners, including other municipal entities and committees, local businesses, or land owners to support in planning and implementation of the task. The tables below will be revisited periodically, at which time lead responsible parties for tasks that will take place in the mid- to long-term timeframe will be identified. Zoning Ordinance Revisions In addition to the tasks and roles and responsibilities laid out in the table below, the zoning ordinance is the primary implementation mechanism for the Master Plan. Given the community's goals, objectives, and proposed future land uses, a key component of this plan’s implementation will include a comprehensive evaluation of the zoning ordinance. This will include a revision of the zoning map to support the Future Land Use Map. For a village the size of Sebewaing, a mix of traditional and form-based codes may work best for the Village center to create walkability and visibility, as well as discourage non-pedestrian activities from locating in the downtown area envisioned for mix-use zoning. The Planning Commission and Village Council, along with all Village Departments, and in some cases community groups, are responsible for carrying out the zoning ordinance revisions. 46 �Public Participation and Support Public participation is essential to the planning process. In order for the community to take ownership of the plan and for the goals and objectives to be reflective of the community’s vision, ongoing efforts should be made to conduct outreach around the Village of Sebewaing Master Plan. Over the course of the Master Plan planning process, Steering Committee members attended other group’s community meetings to discuss updates to the planning process. These efforts could continue after the completion of the planning process and adoption of the plan to ensure that the document continues to be used to guide land use decision in the community. Additional efforts could involve continuing to provide planning updates on the village website, in village communications, and on social media. Continuous Planning Sebewaing is not a static community. The planning process should evolve with time as social, economic, and land use changes may impact the goals and objectives of the community. In accordance with the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MPEA), the Village Planning Commission must review the master plan at least every five years after adoption. Not only is the review a formal process required by the MPEA, but it also allows the planning commission to continue to build momentum towards the future envisioned by the community and to respond to changes both internal and external to the community. It provides a time for the planning commission to assess what tasks were accomplished, what tasks still need to be undertaken, and what changes may impact the plan. During the 5 year review process, the planning commission will review the master plan and determine whether the plan needs to be amended to address a change in the community. Each 5 year review and its findings should be recorded in the planning commission meeting minutes. 47 �1. Grow TOURISM by maximizing parks and recreation assets and providing opportunities for these activities to grow Sebewaing as a destination Objectives Tasks Responsible parties Timeframe Develop fishing, 1. Agree on suitable level of growth, impacts birding activities, and 2. Add opportunities to local, regional, state, DNR websites, tourism campaigns hunting opportunities 3. Sign access points, streamline process to fish (parking, licensing, other concerns) 4. Promote proximity to state land, advertise through the state 1. Planning Commission 2. Chamber/Huron County Economic Development Corporation (EDC) 3. Chamber and Village Council 4. Chamber and County EDC Promote Agritourism 1. Agree of suitable level of growth, impacts 2. Ensure proper zoning to permit retail activity, parking, bathrooms, crowds in agricultural areas 3. Learn from southwest area of state’s agritourism trails, rules, promotions 4. Learn from Farm Bureau about needs and wants, limitations, concerns, etc. 5. Prepare marketing information to show locations, special events, fees, value of purchasing at the source, etc. 6. Start a farmer’s market 1. Planning Commission 2. Planning Commission/Village Office 3. Chamber/Huron County EDC 4. Chamber/Huron County EDC 5. Chamber of Commerce 6. Chamber of Commerce Attract hotel development and diversify lodging options  Agree on a suitable level of growth, impacts  Ensure available zoned land  Advertise available land on county economic development land portal (create one if there isn’t one)  Streamline development in the village – contact point, permitting brochure  Promoting and permitting short term rental services, such as Airbnb  Pursue hotel with pool/waterpark. Attract RV park development Create Village Marketing Campaign Near-term Near-term      Economic Development Planning Commission Village Council Chamber of Commerce Land owners who want to sell or develop Long-term  Agree on a suitable level of growth, impacts  Ensure available zoned land  Advertise available land on county economic development land portal (create one if there isn’t one)  Streamline development in the village – contact point, permitting brochure     Planning Commission Village Council Chamber of Commerce Land owners who want to sell or develop Mid-term 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. Chamber of Commerce 2. Chamber of Commerce 3. Chamber of Commerce 4. Chamber of Commerce 5. Chamber of Commerce Huron County EDC Near-term For outdoor activities For a quaint town where you can eat, shop, walk, stay Identify tag line Utilize existing signage to welcome tourists/visitors. Signage in areas surrounding recreational opportunities in order to promote walkability Table 7: Goal 1 Implementation Plan 48 �2. Develop a range of affordable, quality HOUSING Objectives Increase the mix of housing Prioritize development of vacant housing units Tasks  Study housing needs based on current and projected population, demographics and income  Establish future housing areas in the community on the master plan and zoning maps  Write regulations that reflects the type of housing desired  Learn from other communities about successful housing development, pros and cons  Encourage positive management/tenant relationships Responsible parties Timeframe  Economic Development  Realtors Mid-term  Create an inventory of vacant housing units  Identify condition and priority needs  Prioritize overall needs and address in order, community wide, such as removing  Economic Development abandoned vehicles, cleaning up outside storage, removing noxious weeds  Planning Commission  Establish Land Bank Authority in Huron County to hold property reverted for taxes  Village Council  Take ownership of property in Land Bank or outside of a Land Bank at tax sale that is within the Village  Potentially sell tax reverted or donated properties at auction for specified use in pivotal areas of the community Mid-term Table 8: Goal 2 Implementation Plan 49 �Objectives Decrease blight in community Take control of vacant, abandoned and obsolete property Intentionally promote development of Historic River District and M25 Business Corridor 3. Plan for attractive commercial, residential, and industrial DEVELOPMENT throughout the Village of Sebewaing Tasks Responsible Parties 1. Establish dangerous buildings ordinance and/or adopt the International Building 1. Village Council/ Planning Maintenance Code Commission/ Police Department 2. Change blight enforcement to a police power ordinance with associated process for 2. Village Council citations, fines and village action 3. Village Council/ Planning 3. Revise zoning ordinance to cause multifamily housing to be built with additional Commission safety, lighting, sight lines, etc. to deter crime and vandalism 4. Create a behavior and expectations campaign in the police department that helps 4. Police Department people know what it means to be neighborly and which behaviors will not be tolerated and their expected outcomes. (In Sebewaing we do not tolerate….) 5. Increase patrols and citations for drugs and violence. Become less tolerant of 5. Police Department antisocial behavior in housing units 6. Learn from other communities about crime enforcement at the local level 6. Village Council 7. Lobby for a land bank where the county can hold foreclosed and tax reverted land 7. Village Council instead of banks and speculators  Take advantage of the Huron County Brownfield Authority  Research methods, benefits, and drawbacks of Authority  Use available brownfield expertise to help create brownfield plans and scenarios for reuse  Create list of targeted properties: 249 N. Center Street (the former LMS property), 708  Economic Development N. Beck Street (former Acme Roll Forming property), 232 Center Street (former Norman’s), former gas stations, old car wash, salvage yard  DDA  Learn about Land Banks, purpose, pros and cons and promote establishment of a Land  Planning Commission Bank for use by Huron County  Huron County Board of  Research Sanilac County Land Bank and opportunities to have a regional land bank Commissioners  Lobby Huron County to create a vehicle for land bank use  Demonstrate value to the Village and other parts of the county through adaptive reuse and tax benefits  Build support among other communities for a land bank  Use state and county small business development tools and incentives to attract a bakery, restaurant, coffee shop, and promote walkability  Use state and county small business development tools and incentives to grow existing businesses  Economic Development  Continue discussion with MEDC and MSU regarding zoning for small scale businesses  Planning Commission  Permit mixed uses such as manufacturing and retail  Village Council  Focus on supply chain building for businesses and manufacturing  Chamber of Commerce  Create incentive financing fund for Center and Main Street business improvements  Local Businesses signs, awnings, flowers, etc.  Support downtown business association Timeframe Near-term Mid-term Long-term Table 9: Goal 3 Implementation Plan 50 �4. Improve access to and use of the Village of Sebewaing’s WATER ASSETS Objectives Identify beach location Tasks     Establish working group to identify access, ownership Identify available state funding to develop beach Learn from Caseville and others about beach operations, funding, experiences Consider promoting area beaches if development is infeasible (“We have it all here, even without a beach”) Develop water 1. Agree of suitable level of growth, impacts recreation – boating, 2. Identify and sign access points 3. Advertise supporting businesses – renting, eating, storing, purchasing equipment kayaking Develop nonmotorized walking trails and connections from the Village residential and commercial areas to the waterfront 1. Identify routes and follow specifications in the State’s design guide to improve safety and overall appearance of sidewalks on walking routes 2. Determine sites for implementing signage in the downtown area and residential neighborhoods 3. Ensure facilities meet State requirements regarding ADA accessibility and safety 4. Implement a sign ordinance to encourage a standard style of signage along route  Ensure non-motorized walking trails are accessible year-round for residents and promote winter-time use of routes including cross-country skiing or snowshoeing on trails (mid-term)  Focus on sidewalk infrastructure improvements (mid-term)      Responsible parties Timeframe Economic Development Planning Commission Village Council DNR Federal Aviation Administration Mid- to long-term 1. Planning Commission 2. Village Council 3. Chamber of Commerce/Huron County EDC Near-term 1. Village Council 2. Village Council 3. Village Council 4. Village Council Near-term to mid-term Table 10: Goal 4 Implementation Plan 51 �Objectives Continue to improve drinking water system Promote collaborative efforts among municipalities and agencies 5. Provide efficient and effective VILLAGE SERVICES Tasks        1. Replace cast iron mains Years 0-5 finish piping project Years 5-10 purchase water from available source Reevaluate purchasing drinking water treatment from neighboring municipalities now Do cost analysis and community preference study Assess feasibility of community-wide filtration plant Do cost analysis and community preference study Continue to develop relationships across municipalities and agencies 2. Attend other agencies meetings to discuss what is happening in Sebewaing and where there are opportunities to collaborate Responsible parties Timeframe  Sebewaing Light & Water Mid- to long-term 1. 2. Village Council, Planning Commission, Chamber of Commerce Village Council, Planning Commission, Chamber of Commerce Near-term Table 11: Goal 5 Implementation Plan 52 �6. Promote the development and adoption of climate adaptation and RESILIENCE strategies for Sebewaing and its utilities. Objectives Align planning efforts to the Resilience Plan to protect infrastructure and ecosystems Tasks               Prepare community for extreme weather Explore locations for cooling and heating centers Create emergency response plans during storms Adapt buildings Meet flood elevation requirements Used flood resistant construction materials, where feasible Construct external flood walls Locate mechanical systems on upper floors Consider backwater valves Protect infrastructure Protect drinking water sources Protect the electrical grid Protect ecosystem Maintain open and green space for water detention Responsible parties Timeframe  Light & Water  DPW Mid- to long-term Align operational and  Water quality and infiltration capital  Implement green infrastructure policies and projects improvements,  Retrofit existing recreational infrastructure to protect from damage and ensure safety including water of recreational users  Light & Water quality infiltration  DPW and protecting recreation infrastructure to the Resilience Plan Mid- to long-term Table 12: Goal 6 Implementation Plan 53 �Link to Survey Results Full results from the Village of Sebewaing Master Plan Survey can be found at the following link: https://www.questionpro.com/t/PDOh5ZbTq6 54 �Public Meeting Poster Boards Poster Boards from the Public Meeting on June 7, 2018, can be viewed at the Village Office at 222 N. Center Street. 55 �Concept Plan for 249 N. Center Street (the Former LMS Property) - Public Comment Draft 56 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Sebewaing_Master-Plan_2018 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Master Plan Steering Committee, Village of Sebewaing, Sebewaing Township, Huron County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-11-01 Title A name given to the resource Village of Sebewaing Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Village of Sebewaing Master Plan was prepared by the Master Plan Steering Committee with assistance from the Delta Institute and was approved on November 1, 2018. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Delta Institute Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Sebewaing (Mich.) Sebewaing Township (Mich.) Huron County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/35012776894882cb4b443e7e2ef5f28c.pdf eee080488cea62ec834d1108e6b0adfd PDF Text Text VILLAGE OF SEBEWAING PARKS AND RECREATION MASTER PLAN NOVEMBER 2018 ,/IlllJge 9" /%,~ SEBEWAING �Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION AND COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION ..........................................................................................1 REMEMBERING THE VALUE OF PUBLIC PARKS ................................................................................................2 REGIONAL SETTING & LOCATION ....................................................................................................................3 II. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ..........................................................................................................................5 BUDGETS & FUNDING.........................................................................................................................................5 ROLE OF VOLUNTEERS ......................................................................................................................................6 RELATIONSHIP WITH SCHOOL DISTRICTS, OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES OR PRIVATE ORGANZATIONS ...6 III. RECREATIONAL INVENTORY ............................................................................................................................7 EXISTING RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES ...................................................................................................7 COMPARISON TO STANDARDS ..................................................................................................................... 12 IV. COMMUNITY INPUT ........................................................................................................................................ 14 SURVEY RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................ 14 PUBLIC MEETING OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 15 V. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 16 GOAL 1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 GOAL 2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 GOAL 3 .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 GOAL 4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 VI. ACTION PROGRAM ......................................................................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 18 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .................................................................................................................................... 18 FINANCING POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS..................................................................................................... 20 VII. HARBOR PLAN ................................................................................................................................................ 21 VII. SUMMARY AND ADOPTION........................................................................................................................... 25 A COMMUNITY PLAN ....................................................................................................................................... 25 APPENDIX A........................................................................................................................................................... 27 APPENDIX B ........................................................................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX C .......................................................................................................................................................... 32 APPENDIX D .......................................................................................................................................................... 36 APPENDIX E ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 APPENDIX F ........................................................................................................................................................... 43 �Recreation, parks, and open space are important to the residents in the Sebewaing area. In this community, these amenities add to the quality of life for residents. Park special events are an important economic component of community. Recognizing this, community officials have led an effort to develop a Parks and Recreation Plan aimed at improving and developing recreational resources in the Sebewaing area. Broadly speaking, Sebewaing officials intend to use this plan to guide their work on future recreational and parks projects within the area. It is also a strategic document that articulates specific goals to various agencies and organizations that fund local recreational and parks improvement projects. In accordance with the State of Michigan recommended five-year cycle for recreation planning, this updated plan covers the five-year period 2019-2023. Specifically, this plan is developed in accordance with the guidelines for Community Park, Recreation, Open Space, and Greenway Plans published by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR). This document is intended to serve as a guide in the planning for future park and recreation opportunities, services, and implementation. Population shifts, new development, and changing attitudes towards leisure can add demands upon the community’s existing parks and recreation system, thus increasing the need for both short and long range planning. Recommendations such as land acquisition, and facility expansions and construction, and even the design of a neighborhood park improvement, will require additional study or involvement of residents in order to address the site-specific details. This plan lays the foundation upon which these activities can build. Implementation strategies are identified over the next five years, at which time the plan will again be updated. The delineation of these improvements will aid Sebewaing in grant solicitation from the DNR and others for long-range capital improvement budgeting. Additionally, during the next five years, it is important for the community to refer to the plan and make appropriate priority adjustments as conditions change and funding opportunities arise. This plan is written for the Village of Sebewaing. However, it is recognized that the Village of Sebewaing provides recreation for much of the surrounding area, since some of those communities have no parks of their own. The parks in Sebewaing serve many of the residents of the Unionville-Sebewaing Area School District. This includes all or portions of Sebewaing Township, Akron Township, Columbia Township, Wisner Township, and Fairhaven Township. 1 �According to the National Park and Recreation Association, parks and recreation have three values that make them essential services to communities: o o o o o o o o Parks improve the local tax base and increase property values. It is proven that private property values increase the closer such land is to parks. This increase in private property value due to the proximity to parks increases property tax revenues and improves local economies. Parks and recreation programs and facilities provide significant indirect revenues to local and regional economies from sports tournaments and special events such as arts, music, and holiday festivals. Economic activity from hospitality expenditures, tourism, fuel, recreational equipment sales, and many other private sector businesses is of true and sustained value to local and regional economies. This indirect economic value is in addition to direct revenues that are gained from park facilities and programs. Parks are the places that people go to get healthy and stay fit. Parks and recreation programs and services contribute to the health of children, youth, adults, and seniors. Parks and protected public lands are proven to improve water quality, protect groundwater, prevent flooding, improve the quality of the air we breathe, provide vegetative buffers to development, produce habitat for wildlife, and provide a place for children and families to connect with nature and recreate outdoors together. Parks are a tangible reflection of the quality of life in a community. They provide identity for citizens and are a major factor in the perception of quality of life in a given community. Parks and recreation services are often cited as one of the most important factors in surveys of how livable communities are. Parks provide gathering places for families and social groups, as well as for individuals of all ages and economic status. Parks have a value to communities that transcend the amount of dollars invested or the revenues gained from fees. Parks provide a sense of public pride and cohesion to every community. 2 �Huron County Sebewaing The Village of Sebewaing is located in southwestern Huron County on the shores of Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. The marine area around Sebewaing possesses rich marshland habitat and offers excellent fishing, hunting, and boating opportunities. The community is rural and most of the land surrounding Sebewaing is used for agricultural purposes. The Village of Sebewaing is surrounded by Sebewaing Township. Sebewaing is 28 miles northeast of Bay City, 43 miles from Saginaw, and 72 miles from Flint. M-25 is the major traffic carrier into Sebewaing, carrying a large volume of traffic from Bay City, Saginaw, and other areas down state into the thumb. Huron County is an attractive area for vacationers and day-trippers from the metropolitan Detroit region. Other practical routes to the Huron County area include M-53 and I-75. Distance to Detroit is 115 miles and Bad Axe, the Huron County seat, is 24 miles from Sebewaing. 3 �The parks in Sebewaing serve as a community gathering point for residents of the UnionvilleSebewaing Area School District which encompasses parts of several surrounding communities. Some of these communities do not have any parks of their own. These would include Wisner, Akron, and Columbia Townships in Tuscola County and Fairhaven, and Sebewaing Townships in Huron County. According to the 2016 American Community Survey the population of the Village of Sebewaing was 1,610. This is a 9.25% decrease from the 2010 census (1,759.) A significant characteristic of Sebewaing is the high median age. The median of 51.8 years is more than 10 years higher than the State of Michigan. An older population has some unique needs in terms of recreational facilities the Village will want to consider when it plans for the future. Other selected demographic characteristics are shown in Figure 2. Sebewaing Sebewaing Township Huron County Michigan 2010 2016 2010 2016 2010 2016 2010 2016 44.9 51.8 44.7 48.3 46.8 48.3 38.9 39.5 18.60% 16.00% 22.80% 20.50% 22.70% 21.70% 23.70% 25.30% 2.19 2.11 2.3 2.3 2.27 2.27 2.49 2.51 Bachelor's Degree of Higher 12.70% 13.00% 11.30% 12.30% 12.80% 14.90% 25.00% 27.40% Median Household Income (in 2016 dollars) $45,004 $41,324 $46,240 $51,384 $44,115 $43,082 $53,212 $50,803 Per Capita Income (in 2016 dollars) $23,283 $22,875 $23,753 $26,260 $22,760 $24,455 $27,860 $27,549 Disabled 16.80% 17.76% 12.90% 13.40% 16.80% 16.09% 13.70% 14.07% Median Age Population Under 20 Average Household size 4 �The Village Council in Sebewaing makes all decisions regarding parks in the community. The Village of Sebewaing's Department of Public Works (DPW) operates its parks and recreation facilities. Working under the direction of the Sebewaing DPW Committee, the DPW maintains and plans improvements for its recreation facilities. Figure 3 diagrams the administrative structure that provides recreation opportunities in the Village of Sebewaing. Village Council The DPW Committee  Department of Public Works The overall budget for parks and recreation in the Village of Sebewaing for the 2017-2018 fiscal year was $266,045, of which $220,000 was for the replacement of the Main Park Restroom. The budget for parks and recreation for fiscal year 2018-2019 is $59,000. In anticipation of the future replacement of the playscape at the Main Park, $10,000 was included in this fiscal year’s budget. Given the playscape’s current condition, it is estimated that its useful life will expire in the next 5 years and the structure will need to be replaced. The budget amounts include operation, maintenance, and capital improvements. All decisions regarding funding for parks and recreation are made by the Village Council. Funding for the parks and recreation functions in Sebewaing include the Village General Fund, rental fees, donations, and grants. A breakdown of the Village’s parks and recreation budget is included in Appendix A. 5 �Volunteer groups support and promote the recreation programs in Sebewaing. The UnionvilleSebewaing Area Softball/Baseball Association runs a girls summer ball league in Sebewaing and a boy’s ball league in Unionville. Another group runs a women’s adult softball league that plays twice a week in the summer. The M-46 Horseshoe Association has run a horseshoe league in Sebewaing for more than 30 years. The Village of Sebewaing works closely with various community groups to coordinate and host special events in the Sebewaing parks. The Sebewaing Chamber of Commerce hosts the annual Michigan Sugar Festival, which is a large tourism draw for the community. They also host the Christmas Lighted Parade that ends at the Main Park. In addition, Moonlight Madness and RiverFire are events occurring in October and taking place by the Muellerweiss Park each year. Other events organized by the Chamber of Commerce include a weekly farmers market and the annual County Market and Music Fest that take over parts of the street and Muellerweiss Park each year. The Sebewaing Lions Club and the Sebewaing Rotary Club host an annual men’s slowpitch softball tournament in Sebewaing. It also brings a large number of visitors to the community for the weekend. The Chamber of Commerce, the Lions Club, the Rotary Club, and other local groups have donated funds for various projects and initiatives in the Sebewaing Parks. These include match money for an acquisition grant, picnic facilities, and ball diamond lighting. 6 �In order to plan for parks and recreation in the future, the types of facilities that currently exist in Sebewaing need to be examined. It is also helpful to compare these existing facilities to various standards as one measure of the adequacy of the parks and recreation facilities in the community. A survey of existing recreation facilities available to residents of the Village was conducted in June of 2014 and updated in 2018. The results of this survey indicated there are numerous recreation facilities located within Sebewaing, including five village parks, some private facilities and a county park. An inventory chart is included in Figure 4 and a location map is presented in Figure 5. The inventory chart also includes a basic accessibility assessment and a listing of the service area for each park. Past improvements to existing facilities that were completed with the support of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources are provided in Appendix B. A brief description of the village parks and other recreational opportunities is given in the following paragraphs. For more information about the village parks, visit the Village of Sebewaing website at http://www.sebewaingmi.gov/village-parks.html (127 South Third Street) is the largest and most central park in Sebewaing and is divided between the Main and South sections. In total it is 18 acres in size and provides three ball diamonds, picnic areas, eight basketball courts, two tennis courts, a large play structure, a small play structure, horseshoe pits, a volleyball court, a concession stand, an open playfield, three shelters, and two restrooms. It serves as a community gathering point for league sports, festivals, and special events. 7 �(14 West Sebewaing Street) is a small passive park located on the river in downtown Sebewaing. It is one acre in size and has a picnic area, benches, a Veterans’ memorial, and restrooms. Muellerweiss Park is frequently used for village events throughout the year. (West Sebewaing Street) is one acre in size and is located near the marina. It includes a playground and a gazebo with seating. (Eighth Street) is just over a half-acre in size and has a basketball court, a picnic area, playground equipment, and an open playfield. 8 �(700 West Sebewaing Street) is owned jointly by the Village of Sebewaing and Sebewaing Township. Operation of the facility is contracted to a private entity. It includes 80 boat slips, four boat launches, and restrooms. It is located near the mouth of the Sebewaing River on Saginaw Bay. The Sebewaing area includes the following other recreation facilities: o New Salem Evangelical Lutheran School (214 Grove Street) – outdoor basketball court o Christ the King Lutheran School (612 Bay Street) – outdoor basketball court and sports fields o Sebewaing River Campground (537 Union Street) – campground along the river o Sebewaing County Park (759 Union Street) – campground with picnic area, trails, playground equipment 9 �Parking Camping Restrooms Boat Launch Shelter Waterfront Property Nature Trails Playfield (open) Playground Equipment Picnic Area Tennis Courts Soccer/Football Basketball Ball Diamonds Volleyball Service Area** Accessibility* Acreage SEBEWAING AREA RECREATIONAL FACILITIES Comments Village Parks Village Park: Main and South 18 3 R 2 restrooms, multiple picnic areas, multiple sports facilities, drinking fountain, BBQ pit Muellerweiss Park 1 3 V Fishing platform, Veteran's Memorial Pitcher Memorial Park 1 3 V Gazebo Northside Neighborhood Park 0.5 2 N Drinking fountain Sebewaing Harbor and Marina 11 4 R 4 boat launches, 2 restrooms, fishing, laundry and showers 26 R 54 hook up sites, 10 tent sites, fishing Sebewaing River Campground 6.2 R 73 camp sites, fishing New Salem Evangelical Lutheran School 0.5 V Christ the King Lutheran School 10 V County Parks Sebewaing County Park Other Recreation 5 soccer, 1 football * 1 - None of the facilities/park areas meet accessibility guidelines. 2 - Some of the facilities/park area meet accessibility guidelines. 3 - Most of the facilities/park area meet accessibility guidelines. 4 - The entire park meets accessibility guidelines. 5 - The entire park was developed/renovated using the principles of universal design. ** R = Regional, V = Village, N = Neighborhood FIGURE 4 - RECREATION INVENTORY 10 �9 10 FIGURE 5 - PARK LOCATION MAP VILLAGE OF SEBEWAING PARKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Muellerweiss Park Village Park: Main and South Pitcher Memorial Park Northside Neighborhood Park Sebewaing Harbor and Marina OTHER RECREATION 6. Christ the King Lutheran School 7. New Salem Lutheran School 8. Sebewaing River Campground 9. Bay Shore Nature Trail (in progress) COUNTY PARK 10. Sebewaing County Park 11 �The Village of Sebewaing has approximately 30 acres of park land for its 1,610 citizens. General industry standards would suggest 5-10 acres of park land per 1,000 citizens. This would suggest that the Village of Sebewaing has adequate park land for its citizens. However, if one considers the larger service area which includes the entire Unionville-Sebewaing Area School District, the Village may be somewhat lacking in park land. This is why the community input portion of the Recreation Plan is so important. It provides feedback from citizens about what else is needed in terms of park land and facilities in the community. As a supplement to the recommended standard for park acreage, recreation and tourism data from peer municipalities, Huron County, and the State of Michigan can be used to help understand broader trends in recreation and tourism. It is important to be aware of local and state trends in recreation and tourism to ensure the Village of Sebewaing is keeping pace with changes in demand and maximizing planning and funding opportunities with regional stakeholders. Figure 6.1 shows Huron County is lagging slightly in tourism spending growth in eastern Michigan in comparison to other counties. Figure 6.2 shows the share of employment within the tourism industry, indicating the importance of tourism and recreation related jobs to Huron County. Within the broader state and county-wide trends in recreation, kayaking is growing in popularity and provides a unique way for residents and visitors to access the natural assets of Saginaw Bay. This can be seen in recent growth of water trails, some planned and funded with DNR grant sources, in Saginaw Bay including The Tip of the Thumb Heritage Water Trail, Saginaw Bay Water Trail, Au Gres River Excursion, Rifle River Trail, Kawkawlin River Trail, and Saginaw River Historical Excursion. 12 �FIGURE 6.1 - East Michigan Visitor Spending by County FIGURE 6.2 - East Michigan Tourism Direct and Total Tourism Jobs by County, 2014 Source: Tourism Economics Source: Tourism Economics 13 �To comply with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Guidelines for the Development of Community Park, Recreation Open Space and Greenway Plans, the Village of Sebewaing offered three opportunities for public input along with a 65-day period for review and comment on the draft plan. The first opportunity for public input was through a community survey, the second at a public meeting held on June 7, 2018 and the third opportunity was a public hearing held on October 15, 2018. As part of the Village of Sebewaing’s Master Planning process, the Master Plan Steering Committee undertook a community survey in order to gather feedback on a variety of questions related to the Master Plan and Recreation Master Plan. The survey was open for three weeks, from January 29, 2018 through February 16, 2018 and was available to stakeholders on- line through QuestionPro as well as in paper format. The paper surveys were available at the Village Office and Sebewaing Light and Water Office. Steering Committee members also distributed paper surveys at businesses in the Village and at the meetings they attended during the three weeks the survey was open. A copy of the survey questions, along with a link to the survey response report can be found in Appendix C. A total of 127 respondents completed the survey, with another 83 who started but did not complete the survey. The project team transcribed the paper survey responses into QuestionPro prior to running an analysis of results to ensure all responses were captured online. A copy of the survey and results are available on line at https://www.questionpro.com/t/ PDOh5ZbTq6. The community survey contained 22 questions and respondents were first asked basic questions about their relationship to the Village of Sebewaing including if they are a resident, how long they’ve lived in the Village, and their age. The majority of respondents (63.8%) were current residents of the Village and just over a third of respondents (34.4%) have lived in the Village for 30 years or more. Of the visitors and past residents that participated in the survey (about 20% of respondents), the vast majority of them come to Sebewaing more than 12 times per year. The majority of survey participants were evenly distributed between 25 years old and 64 years old. 14 �Survey respondents expressed desire to maintain and enhance the existing park and recreational facilities and to optimize utilization of Sebewaing's many natural resources for residents and visitors alike. A link to the full survey questions and responses can be found in Appendix C, however, an overview is provided below. o Maintaining existing park and recreational facilities and attracting more visitors/ tourists were both rated as high priority. o Access to lakes and rivers, tourism, and preservation, protections, and enhancements of natural resources were rated as important to the future of Sebewaing. o Wild life habitat and public land and open spaces were rated highest for natural resources needing to be protected and enhanced. o Boating and fishing, other recreation (kayaks, biking, etc.), outdoor events (farmers markets, flea markets, tournaments, etc.), and camping were rated highest priority for attracting more visitors and tourists to Sebewaing. o Developing walking paths and bike routes to improve active transportation assets were rated as high priority. o Attracting more healthcare and related services was rated as medium priority. On the evening of June 7, 2018, a public meeting was held to discuss the Village of Sebewaing Recreation Plan update and the Master Plan. The meeting was publicized on the Village's website, on social media, on the local radio station, and during other village meetings. Using sticker voting, the 24 attendees had the opportunity to show their support or dissent for the four goals outlined in the Recreation Plan. The result of the sticker voting was that all attendees voting agreed with the proposed goals and activities outlined in the draft Recreation Plan. After the sticker voting ended, participants had a discussion about the purpose of the Recreation Plan update and what they would like to see included in the recreation plan. Meeting attendees indicated they would like to see winter recreation activities added to increase the recreation opportunities for residents and visitors all year- round. 15 �Developing goals and objectives is an important part of the recreation planning process. The overall goal of parks and recreation departments is to provide recreational opportunities for the community and/or region it serves, and possibly for tourists. More specific goals must be based on the demographic characteristics of the population served and the physical and environmental characteristics of the area. During the course of the planning process, four goals and associated objectives were development. Goals are general guidelines for what the community wants to achieve. The objectives describe the specific future condition to carry out each goal. The Action Program is the last level and the most specific. It outlines specific projects that have been identified. Photo courtesy of MLive Provide safe, broad community-based recreation opportunities that improve the overall quality of life for all residents in the Village of Sebewaing. o Objective: Add facilities to Sebewaing parks for all age groups and abilities based upon community input and need. o Objective: Improve and promote year-round, accessible recreational opportunities along the Sebewaing River for residents and visitors of Sebewaing. 16 �Preserve and enhance the natural features and environment of the Village of Sebewaing through sustainable implementation methods. o o o Objective: Promote sustainable infrastructure in Sebewaing where areas of poor infrastructure exist. Objective: Limit infrastructure in areas where floodplains exist to promote lowdevelopment recreational based projects. Objective: Increase the quality of life of the Village of Sebewaing’s natural environment. Promote walkability between recreational opportunities in the Village of Sebewaing. o Objective: Connect the Historic River District area to recreational opportunities through wayfinding and proper signage. o Objective: Improve and maintain facilities in parks and on walking routes to increase ease of use, accessibility, and safety. Attract and enhance opportunities for recreation-based tourism in Sebewaing o Objective: Increase and advertise the outdoor amenities in Sebewaing to allow the Village to become a tourist destination year-round. o Objective: Use the existing and future recreational opportunities to draw in visitors from outside of Sebewaing and Huron County. 17 �This Recreation Plan is intended to be a guiding document for the Village of Sebewaing in terms of goals and capital improvements. The Village worked hard to determine the need for different improvements and the potential users who would benefit from the improvements. The Village is dedicated to providing recreation opportunities for residents of all ages and abilities, ensuring that all improvements and upgrades to facilities are handicap accessible. In addition, potential users include not only residents from the Village of Sebewaing, but also residents located in other nearby communities who are part of the Unionville-Sebewaing Area School District. As a provider of recreational opportunities to these other local jurisdictions, the Village of Sebewaing considers its relationships to these people a critical component to the success of this action program. The project list in not a fixed element and is neither all-inclusive or exclusive. The schedule reflects the results of the input received from the online survey, Village staff, and other general input received from the community. Future circumstances, especially availability of funding, may change priorities or require reprioritization of items. 1. Non-Motorized Walking Trail An interconnected walking trail throughout the Village of Sebewaing will connect the Historic River District area to some of the town’s natural features and Saginaw Bay. At the request of the village stakeholders, this trail will provide new recreational opportunities while promoting safety, walkability, and outdoor recreation. During the winter months, the non-motorized walking trail will be open and marketed towards winter-time recreational uses, such as crosscountry skiing and snowshoeing. 2. Kayak Launch A designated kayak launch will improve water safety and accessibility to Saginaw Bay for village residents and visitors. The only official kayak launch in the Village is also the Sebewaing Harbor Marina boat launch. Village stakeholders have expressed concerns for safety when small and large boats are utilizing the same facility. 18 �3. Playscape at the Main Park Replacing the playscape at the Main Park will ensure the park amenities are maintained into the future and continue to provide a safe and attractive place for families to enjoy the park and recreation opportunities in the Village. The playscape was built in 2000 with a life expectancy of 20 years. Given its current condition, it is estimated its useful life will expire within the next 5 years and the structure will need to be replaced. 4. Village of Sebewaing Signage Improved signage will increase connectivity between the roughly 40 acres of forested area, nature trails, Sebewaing public parks, and the Bay Shore Camp. Currently there is minimal signage throughout the village, limiting the ability of residents and visitors to utilize recreational assets. Improved signage will promote recreational utilization for residents and visitors. Increased connectivity between recreational facilities will also promote tourism in the village, a stated interest of village stakeholders. 5. Village Park Walking Loop A walking loop around the Village Main Park and Village South Park will improve utilization of the largest and most popular park in the village for residents of all ages and abilities. Improved parks and park equipment were a stated priority of village residents. A walking loop around the Main and South Parks will improve utilization among the aging residential village population. 6. Park at 249 North Center Street (the former Lapeer Metal Stamping (LMS) site) The 249 North Center Street property is a brownfield site in the heart of downtown Sebewaing. Planning and design work has taken place to begin exploring the remediation and redevelopment options for the site. A concept plan for the site, shown in Appendix E, envisions a portion to be used as park space, creating additional park space in the Village of Sebewaing. 7. Recreation Facilities at the South Park Identified projects include updating the basketball and tennis courts, adding a pickleball court, and building a pavilion near these courts for park-goers. Seating near the horseshoe pits was also identified as a needed improvement. 19 �Funding for parks and recreation capital improvements can come from a myriad of local, state, and federal public programs as well as private groups and foundations. Grant funding is available for parks and recreation projects. However, applicants need to target potential funding agencies and programs very carefully so as to meet the specific criteria required. A current listing of programs and agencies that can provide funding for parks and recreation projects is contained in Appendix D. 20 �Beginning in 2015, to be eligible for Michigan State Waterways Grants, a harbor in Michigan is required to be included in a community’s Recreation Plan. The discussion on the following pages covers the required elements. Name of Facility: Sebewaing Harbor Marina Location: 700 W Sebewaing Street Sebewaing, Michigan 48759 The general purpose of the Sebewaing Harbor Marina is to provide recreation opportunities for boaters and fisherman throughout the Midwest. After a large section of dock was damaged by ice during the winter of 2014, 24 boat slips were removed, reducing the number of boat slips from 104 to the current 80 slips. The facility includes a four place boat launch. This is currently the right size for the existing demand and use. The facilities were compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) when built, however, improvements need to be made in order to maintain accessibility (See Large Scale Maintenance and Replacement Schedule). The Village of Sebewaing Site Development Plan includes two projects, which are outlined below with the anticipated cost:  Build a 1,800 square foot open air pavilion for community use: $45,000  Install kayak facilities: $7,000 Marketing is handled by the subcontractor who manages the marina. The subcontractor maintains a web site (www.sebewaingharbor.com) that can take reservations and provide general information about the marina. Brochures are available and distributed around the county. The marina information can also be viewed from other web sites such as www.marinas.com, www.Michigan.org, the village website – www.sebewaingmi.gov, and the Sebewaing Area Chamber of Commerce site, www.sebewaingchamber.com. 21 �The subcontractor markets the marina at two trade shows per year that are involved with boating, sportsmen, and fishing. He also plans to increase marketing efforts to pilots because the marina is directly adjacent to the small Sebewaing Township Airport. The Sebewaing Chamber of Commerce and the marina subcontractor sponsor a fishing contest at the marina during the annual Michigan Sugar Festival in June. The Sebewaing Harbor Marina is operated jointly as a partnership between the Village of Sebewaing and Sebewaing Township. Day to day management of the facility is subcontracted to a private individual who also owns and manages the Sebewaing River Campground across the river. The channel leading into the marina normally needs dredging approximately every three to five years, depending on water levels. Approximately 70,000 to 100,000 cubic yards of dirt are removed during the dredging. The Village uses three different confined disposal facilities (CDF’s) for the spoils. Two are adjacent to the channel and the third is located approximately ¼ mile to the south. Currently, the harbor is in a 5- to 7-year dredge cycle, with the last dredging completed in 2016. Daily/Weekly Marina facilities are maintained on a daily basis during the operational season. Restrooms are cleaned, grass is mowed, and docks and ramps are kept clean and maintained. Seasonally At the beginning of each season, all buildings and facilities are inspected and maintained as needed. This includes inspecting the plumbing, roofs, and parking areas. The mechanical connections that transmit the lateral load on the floating docks are inspected annually to check for fatigue. The floats are inspected to insure proper buoyancy is being maintained. Annual Maintenance Schedule and Cost Task Winterization Cost $750.00 Painting $2,500.00 Minor electrical repairs $1,500.00 Equipment $2,800.00 Dock repair lumber $3,500.00 Startup costs $2,100.00 Minor plumbing repairs $1,900.00 TOTAL $15,050.00 22 �Other Annual Expenses Annual supplies Tools Office Supplies $2,200.00 Bathroom supplies ie: cleaning supplies Annual Services Trash pickup $1,200.00 Weed control aquatic $4,100.00 Weed control landscape $1,300.00 Landscape maintenance (mowing) $3,100.00 Winter maintenance (snow plow and salt) $3,900.00 Sewer and water $1,000.00 Electrical utilities $6,000.00 TOTAL ANNUAL EXPENSES $22,800.00 A series of small scale infrastructure and equipment replacements and repairs are needed regularly to maintain operations at the marina. Costs for these replacements and repairs are outlined in the tables below. Minor and Small Scale Infrastructure and Equipment Replacement New dock carts $1,200.00 Bath stalls throughout $1,300.00 New signage $5,000.00 TOTAL $7,500.00 Minor Infrastructure Repairs Parking lot striping and sealcoating Lighting upgrades parking areas Pump out replacement Shower redesign TOTAL $26,000.00 $3,300.00 $2,900.00 $7,500.00 $39,700.00 The floating docks at the Sebewaing Harbor Marina need a regular replacement schedule. As the docks near the end of their life span, the marina manager will begin working with the Waterways Program at the Michigan Department of Natural Resources - Parks and Recreation Division to develop a regular schedule for replacing a section or sections of dock at a time. They would like to avoid having to replace all of the docks at one time. In addition, the boat launch skid piers need to be replaced every five years. The marina manager would also like to improve handicap accessibility at the docks. This is due to the fact that when lake levels fluctuate, the ramping from the perimeter walkway to the docks may not meet code requirements for accessibility. 23 �Large Scale Maintenance and Replacement Schedules Project Year Cost Re-roof harbor master, bathroom, and annex buildings Make ADA compliant parking and sidewalk area surrounding bait shop Replace or re-deck A dock with compliant ADA ramp due to fluctuation of water levels Replace or re-deck B dock Replace or re-deck C dock Replace or re-deck D dock/skid piers Total 2019 2020 2021 $45,000.00 $18,500.00 $235,000.00 2022 2023 2024 $235,000.00 $155,000.00 $91,000.00 $779,500.00 Sebewaing Harbor Marina Dock Locations C D B A 24 �In its continuing effort to provide quality recreational opportunities for its citizens, the Village of Sebewaing has developed this Recreation Master Plan as a tool to guide the development of Community Park and recreational facilities and locations over the next five years. This plan is an update of the Village’s most recent plan which was adopted in 2014. The plan will provide the Village eligibility for grants from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to assist the community in reaching its recreational goals. The Village of Sebewaing contracted with Delta Institute to assist them with updating the Parks & Recreation Master Plan. During the development of the plan, three opportunities for input and participation were provided. The first public input opportunity was an online survey seeking opinions regarding recreation in the Village of Sebewaing. The second was a public meeting, held on June 7, 2018. Both opportunities are described in the Community Input section of this plan. Based upon the existing information and the public input, the village developed goals and objectives for parks and recreation in the Village of Sebewaing for the next five years. The Village then created an action program to accomplish the goals and objectives of the plan. The third opportunity was during the 65-day public comment period and at the public hearing held after the public comment period. 25 �The draft Village Recreation Plan document was made available for review beginning on July 16, 2018 at the Village Office and on the Village website. This viewing opportunity was advertised in the Huron Daily Tribune newspaper and on the local radio station. The third opportunity for community input occurred at the advertised public hearing held prior to adoption of the plan. This meeting was held on October 15, 2018 at the Village Office. After the public hearing, on October 15, 2018, the Sebewaing Village Council adopted the Parks & Recreation Master Plan on November 5, 2018. Copies of the Parks & Recreation Master Plan were transmitted to the Huron County Planning office, the East Central Michigan Council of Governments and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources in of 201_. Copies of the notification advertisements, the public hearing minutes, and the resolution are included in Appendix F. 26 ����Monday, June 4, 2018 Grants Management Michigan Department of Natural Resources Monday, June 4, 2018 Grants Management Michigan Department of Natural Resources Grantee Village of Sebewaing - Huron County Project No. 26-00449 Grant History GGrant History Project County: Huron Project Year: 1972 Project Title: Sebewaing Harbor and Marina Boat Launch Grant Closed Project Status: Project Description: $32,946.17 Grant Amount: Acquire .72 acres. Develop 4 acres to include picnic area, playground equip., parking, boat launch area, lighting, landscaping, site improvement and comfort station. Project No. 26-00623 Project County: Huron Project Year: 1975 Project Title: North Side Neighborhood Park Project Status: Grant Closed Project Description: Grant Amount: $3,023.40 Site improvement, water fountain, parking, picnic equipment, basketball, court, paly equipment, and LWCF sign Project No. 26-00817 Project County: Huron Project Year: 1976 Project Title: Village Park Project Status: Grant Closed Project Description: Grant Amount: $8,864.29 Restrooms/storage building with utilities, site improvements, and LWCF sign Project No. 26-01023 M Project County: Huron Project Year: 1977 Project Title: Village Park Project Status: Grant Closed Project Description: Grant Amount: $8,562.05 Park shelter, picnic equipment, LWCF sign. Project No. TF89-009 Project County: Huron Project Year: 1989 Project Title: Sebewaing Harbor and Marina Project Status: Grant Closed Project Description: Grant Amount: $215,300.00 To acquire 6 parcels of land totaling 2.04 acres for future development of a recreational harbor with approximately 72 boat slips. �Monday, June 4, 2018 Grants Management Michigan Department of Natural Resources Monday, June 4, 2018 Grants Management Michigan Department of Natural Resources Grantee Village of Sebewaing - Huron County Project No. TF92-289 Grant History Grant History Project County: Huron Project Year: 1992 Project Title: Muellerweiss Park Project Status: Grant Closed Grant Amount: $112,500.00 Scope Item: EDC contingencies Fishing platform Landscaping Lighting Public restroom Signage Project Description: Develop handicapped accessible river fishing platforms, public restrooms, landscaping and lighting along the Sebewaing River. Project No. TF03-001 Project County: Huron Project Year: 2003 Project Title: Village Park Project Status: Grant Closed Project Description: Grant Amount: $36,500.00 Acquisition in fee simple title of 5.5 acres to expand the size of the existing park for parking and park improvements. Project No. 26-01762 Project County: Huron Project Year: 2015 Project Title: Village Park Restroom Building Project Status: Grant Closed Grant Amount: $100,000.00 Scope Item: Access Pathway 6' wide or more Drinking Fountain Program Acknowledgement Sign Restroom Building Project Description: Construction of a new accessible restroom building in the Sebewaing Village Park that will replace an old and outdated facility. The new building will include a utility room and concession area. 8 Total Number of Projects: Total Amount of Grant Given: $517,695.91 ��VILLAGE OF SEBEWAING MASTER PLAN COMMUNITY SURVEY Thank you for taking the time to answer the Village of Sebewaing’s Master Plan Community Survey! Your responses will help inform the recommendations and action strategies that will be included in the final plan. Your opinions are vital to the Master Plan process. The survey should take about 10 minutes to complete and your responses will be kept confidential. Please submit your responses to the Village Office no later than Friday, February 16, 2018. Please contact Office@sebewaingmi.gov or 989-883-2150 with any questions regarding the survey or the Master Plan process. 1. Are you a current resident of the Village of Sebewaing?  Yes 2. If you are a resident or past resident, how long have/did you live here?  Less than 2 years  6-9 years  20-29 years  2-5 years  10-19 years  30 or more years 3. If you are a visitor/tourist, how often do you visit?  Once a year  More than 12 times a year  2-5 times a year  I have visited the Village, but do not visit regularly  6-12 times a year  I am a resident of Sebewaing  No, I am a past resident 4. Do you work in the Village of Sebewaing or Sebewaing Township? 5. What is your age? 6. What is your main occupation? 7. What issues do you believe are very important to the future of the Village of Sebewaing? Select up to three.  Yes  No, I am a visitor/tourist  Other:  I am a visitor/tourist  No  Under 18  25-34  45-54  65-74  18-24  35-44  55-64  75+  Agriculture related  Education  Retired  Retail/Food service  Manufacturing  Unemployed  Business  Government  Other:  Healthcare  Student Access to lakes and rivers Medical care Agriculture Preservation of scenic character Economic development/job creation Community safety Education options Tourism Housing choices Other: Infrastructure expansion/maintenance Preservation, protections, and enhancement of natural resources Transportation choices (walking, biking, bus) 8. How would you characterize the quality of life in the  Excellent Village of Sebewaing?  Improving 9. Why do you live in the Village of Sebewaing? Select up to three.  Generally good  Below average  Deteriorating  Poor  No opinion Born and raised here Safety/low crime Close to family and friends Affordable and quality housing Like rural living Recreational opportunities Saginaw Bay Quality of schools Like the community I don’t live in the Village of Sebewaing Retired here Other: Job availability 10. List the 3 things that would improve your quality of life if they were available in the Village of Sebewaing. 1. 2. 3. 11. List the 3 major challenges facing the Village of Sebewaing. 1. 2. 3. 12. What services/products/new businesses would you like access to in the Village of Sebewaing that are not currently available? �13. What priority do you think should be given to the following? a. Attracting more industrial businesses. b. Attracting more healthcare services (hospitals, senior care, urgent care, primary care physicians). c. Attracting more retail and other services (restaurants, lodging, legal services, repair services, etc.) d. Attracting more visitors/tourists. High     Medium         Low e. Maintaining existing park and recreational facilities. f. Developing local walking paths and bike routes to improve access to different areas of Sebewaing. g. Maintaining natural areas and limiting development. h. Maintaining quality of housing. i. Continuing to enforce the blight ordinance. j. Developing more hotels and motels for visitors/tourists.                   k. Other:    14. What is your opinion of the following statements: a. The mix of housing in the Village of Sebewaing meets the community’s needs. b. Adequate affordable housing is available. c. Adequate senior housing/retirement housing is available. d. Short-term rental options for visitors/tourists should be allowed. Strongly Agree    Agree    Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree               e. What other housing issues should be considered? 15. What is your opinion of the following statements: Strongly Agree a. The Village needs a range of residential and light industrial uses  b. The Village of Sebewaing needs more commercial businesses in the community.  c. The Village of Sebewaing needs to focus development on the tourist industry.  Agree    Neutral Disagree       16. What priority should be given to the following to attract more visitors/tourists? a. Agritourism High Strongly Disagree    Medium Low    b. Camping    c. Boating and fishing    d. Birding    e. Hunting    f. Village parks    g. Other recreation (kayaks, biking, etc.)    h. Lodging options (hotels, motels, etc.)    i. Events (farmers markets, flea market, tournaments, etc.)    j. Other:    k. Sebewaing does not need to attract more visitors/tourists 17. What aspects of sustainability, resilience, and  Clean water natural resources need to be protected or enhanced in the Village of Sebewaing? Please  Wildlife and habitat select up to three.  Scenery and open vistas Agree  Neutral  Disagree   Public lands and open spaces  Reduce/reuse/recycle  Quiet surroundings  None  Dark night skies  Other: 18. What priority should be given to the following capital improvements? High Medium Low a. Drinking water    b. Stormwater/drainage    c. Sanitary sewer    d. Electric    e. Internet    f. Roads    g. Parks/park equipment       h. Other: _ 19. What waterfront recreation would you like to see and where in the Village of Sebewaing? 20. What is your opinion of the following statements: a. The location and number of walking paths needs to be improved b. The location and number of bike lanes needs to be improved Strongly Agree   Agree   Neutral Disagree     21. What else can be done to improve transportation access to different places throughout the Village of Sebewaing? 22. Any additional comments regarding the Master Plan or what you would like to see for the future of Sebewaing? Strongly Disagree   �A copy of the survey and results are available online at: https://www.questionpro.com/t/PDOh5ZbTq6 ��Recreational Trails Program Grants o o o o o o Match Requirement: n/a, priority given to projects that are leveraging additional funding sources. Grant Amounts: n/a Type: DNR applicant. Priority given to projects that align with Michigan Comprehensive Trails Plan Objective: To fund the maintenance and development of recreational trails and trail related facilities. Application Deadline: June 26 Website: https://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7‐350‐ 79134_81684_79209_83740‐‐‐,00.html Waterways Program Grants o o o o o o Match Requirement: 50%, can be funded source. Grant Amounts: 50% of the estimated project cost. Type: Local Government and Stakeholders applicant. Engineering study, demand analysis, harbor logs required. Objective: Waterways Program grants provide funding assistance for design and construction of public recreational harbor/marina (grant‐in‐aid harbors) and boating access site/launch facilities. Funds are available for engineering studies and infrastructure improvement projects at state‐sponsored harbor/mooring and boating access site/launch facilities. Application Deadline: April 1 Website: https://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7‐350‐ 79134_81684_79209_80306‐‐‐,00.html Natural Resources Trust Fund o o o o o o Match Requirement: 25% Grant Amounts: $15,000 ‐ $300,000 for development; n/a for land acquisition Type: Local Government applicant. Objective: The Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund (MNRTF) projects provide for natural resource protection and outdoor recreation. By law, no more than 25 percent of the Trust Fund revenues available for appropriation each year can be used for development, therefore the majority of funding is allocated for acquisition projects. Final grant recommendations are made by the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund (MNRTF) Board (members are appointed by the Governor) to the state legislature for final approval. Application Deadline: April 1 Website: http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7‐ 35079134_81684_79209_81657‐‐‐,00.html �Recreation Passport Grant o o o o o o Match Requirement: 25% Grant Amounts: $7,500 ‐ $150,000 Type: Local Government applicant. Objective: Provide funding to local units for the development of public recreation facilities. This includes the development of new facilities and the renovation of old facilities. Application Deadline: April 1 Website: https://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7‐350‐ 79134_81684_79209_81659‐‐‐,00.html Land and Water Conservation Fund Match Requirement: 50% of project cost, can be funded source. Grant Amounts: $30,000 ‐ $300,000 Type: Local Government applicant. Applications are evaluated using established criteria and alignment with Michigan's Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP). The criteria used to evaluate the projects is Need for the Project, Site and Project Quality, Applicant History, Financial Need of the Applicant, Quality of the Overall Park Design, Project Facilities/Scope Items and Universal Access Design o Objective: Provide grants to local governments for the acquisition and development of public outdoor recreation areas and facilities. o Application Deadline: April 1 o Website: https://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7‐350‐ 79134_81684_79209_81655‐‐‐,00.html Michigan Invasive Species Grant Program o o o o o o o o o Match Requirement: 10%, can be in the form of cash, donation of materials, equipment or supplies, staff or volunteer hours. Grant Amounts: $25,000 min, $60,000 ‐ $400,000 max Type: Local Government applicant. Projects must support the overall goals of the MISGP:  Prevent new invasive species introductions.  Strengthen statewide invasive species early detection and response network.  Limit the dispersal of recently confirmed invasive species.  Manage and control widespread, long‐established invasive species. Objective: To address strategic issues of prevention, detection, eradication and control for both terrestrial invasive species (TIS) and aquatic invasive species (AIS) in Michigan. Application Deadline: pre proposal June 13, full proposal mid‐September Website: https://www.michigan.gov/invasives/0,5664,7‐324‐71276‐‐‐,00.html �Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) o o o o o o Match Requirement: 20% of project cost. Priority given to applications that exceed the minimum match. Average match is 35%. Grant Amounts: n/a Type: Local Government applicant. Application can be done with partner state agency, local group, etc. Objective: Fund projects, such as bicycle facilities, shared‐use paths, streetscape improvements that improve pedestrian safety, and historic preservation of transportation facilities that enhance Michigan’s intermodal transportation system, promote walkability, and improve quality of life for Michigan citizens Application Deadline: n/a, contact coordinator before beginning application. Website: https://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7‐151‐9621_17216_18231‐‐‐,00.html Coastal Zone Management Program Grant Funding o o o o o o Match Requirement: 1:1 match, may be in form of cash, in‐kind services, or donations. Grant Amounts: $10,000 ‐ $100,000 Type: Coastal Local Government applicant. Objective: Promotes wise management of the cultural and natural resources of Michigan’s Great Lakes coastal areas by fostering environmental stewardship through the development and application of tools, science‐based policies, and effective regulation. Application Deadline: December 15 Website: https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/ OGL_Coastal_Program_FY19_Grants_Fun ding_Opportunity_603491_7.pdf Saginaw Bay Watershed Initiative Network Grants o o o o o o Match Requirement: n/a, project viability assessed on other funding sources. Grant Amounts: n/a Type: Local Government application. 5 focus areas of applications:  Agriculture and Pollution Prevention  Communication / Regional Marketing  Land Use  Water Resources Wildlife Stewardship Objective: Balance economic, environmental and social priorities to enhance quality of life for this and future generations. Application Deadline: n/a, funds awarded twice per year. Website: http://www.saginawbaywin.org/uploads/ WIN_Application_Fillable_Form15.pdf �Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (GLFT) o Objective – improve or create shore-based Great Lakes recreational access. o Must be located on the Great lakes or lower portions of major tributaries o Matching funds not required but projects with local funding will be favored. o Due in August/September o www.glft.org Michigan Coastal Management Grants o Protect, manage and restore coastal communities and habitats o Restore historic structures o Revitalize urban waterfronts o Increase recreational opportunities along Michigan’s Great Lakes coast o Applicant must be a coastal unit of government o Maximum grant request - $50,000 o Match requirements – 50% (some flexibility in match for non-construction projects that result in changes to local master plans or zoning ordinances, regional greenways, or include conservation planning) o Eligible projects  Studies, Designs and Land Use Plans – must have a direct connection to coastal planning and/or resource protection.  Construction – boardwalks, trails, lighthouse preservation, habitat restoration, scenic overlook, etc. o Due annually on May 1 o www.michigan.gov/deqcoastal Coastal Program – Great Lakes – US Fish and Wildlife Service o Grants to conserve fish and wildlife and their habitats and to support healthy coastal ecosystems o Rolling application process o www.fws.gov/coastal/coastalgrants/index.html Specific sports and sports foundations  United States Tennis Association (USTA) o funding for tennis courts and programs o www.usta.com � Major League Baseball - Baseball Tomorrow Fund - www.baseballtomorrow.c om  United States Soccer - www.ussoccerfoundation. org Safe Routes to School o For projects near elementary and middle schools: -Sidewalks -Traffic calming and speed reduction -Pedestrian and bicycle crossing improvements -On-street and off-street bicycle facilities -Off-street pedestrian facilities -Traffic diversion improvements in the vicinity of schools o Need to complete the safe routes planning process to apply o www.saferoutesmichigan.org Trust for Public Land (TPL) o Conservation Transactions TPL helps structure, negotiate, and complete land transactions that create parks, playgrounds, and protected natural areas. TPL serves as an independent agent, buying land from willing landowners and then transferring it to public agencies, land trusts, or other groups for protection. www.tpl.org Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Grants o Must be part of a watershed management plan o Projects aimed at reducing nonpoint source pollution (streambank and shoreline stabilization, rain gardens, erosion control, conservation easements) o 25% match required o www.michigan.gov/deq - Go to ”Water”, then “Surface Water” and then to “Non- point Source Pollution”. Community Foundations Private Foundations and Endowments (Examples) o o o o o Wickes Foundation Strosacker Foundation Gerstacker Foundations Huron County Community Foundation For more complete lists of foundations, search online databases that can be found at nccs.urban.org or foundationcenter.org o o o o Match requirements can usually be in-kind services, donations, or cash, Most grants are provided on a reimbursable basis. Barrier free accessibility is usually required for improvement projects, Multiple partners, multiple jurisdictions can be viewed favorably – think “regional” projects. ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Sebewaing_Parks-and-Recreation-Plan_2018 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Delta Institute Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-11-05 Title A name given to the resource Village of Sebewaing Parks and Recreation Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Village of Sebewaing Parks and Recreation Master Plan was prepared by the Delta Institute and was approved on November 5, 2018. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Recreation--planning Sebewaing (Mich.) Sebewaing Township (Mich.) Huron County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c0a8fe456f40b47b8886b71fdc988970.jpg cc05a740157ab8fd49e13b4e00ef1d9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M161-0005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Village Scene in Cumnor, Oxfordshire Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of an outdoor village scene in Cumnor, Oxfordshire, England. In the photograph, an older man is walking along a sidewalk and a young girl is riding her bike next to a fenced-in pasture with two cows watching and grazing close by. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Cows--England Cumnor (England) Oxfordshire (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/480ae63160209af86b5a6392ce06f835.jpg 93e5ca42fcdf36dcebbcee12abb14d92 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a8345963fe834084a7aed440ae24980d.jpg 2b4f4de815a6838a2ac7ff1eb49cabae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c898c7bd9723bafee19a09c1fe512d3a.jpg dab38f41e5756c912ebcef997d0f83da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/608cb56ab803e22d9ac8bf62dd32e646.jpg 201730fb4451b6c5c1917bc4a51022c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b33e8c6aed5e019d469ea8c1499b6554.jpg 76efb8ac57fa28c4f9c33f402c68a36d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo05 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ff9be2a972b156e7788eb59fe006ba22.jpg 1f95bd22a7b3e6c92ae515703a529f43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo06 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8d2eaaa36103ebc4b5c2fa7a8d2445f5.jpg 032a7e9e1cf131ae8b4574356f35830b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo07 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/006dc1c3a6babd1d72622292abc40fcd.jpg 7a8016b55c62c0006a0cc862257ad519 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo08 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8c377aa7f8cfce0762bc9d10ef40a10c.jpg 243b0b137167ea352bcfd44feac88e9b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context VillemureThomas_Photo09 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Villemure, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Villemure, Physical Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng