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                    <text>•

•

Gate Admission
Adults $2.00
Children $1.00
Elders &amp; Under 5 FREE

JULY 17 &amp; 18 1993
Heritage Landing
Muskegon, Michigan

TRADITIONAL NATIVE AMERICAN DANCING
FOOD CONCESSIONS
FINE ARTS
AUTHENTIC CRAFT WORKS
SUNRISE CEREMONIES
Saturday &amp; Sunday - Old Indian Cemetery

SATURDAY GRAND ENTRY: I &amp; 7 PM
SUNDAY GRAND ENTRY: I PM
EMCEE
HOST DRUM
HEAD VETERAN DANCER
HONORARY HEAD MALE
HONORARY HEAD FEMALE
HEAD MALE DANCERS
HEAD FEMALE DANCERS
ARENA DIRECTOR

For Information, contact:
Rick or Christine (616) 755-5857
Tamara Rivas (616) 744-9547

Butch Elliott
Little Weasel Thunder Child
Josie Cogswell
Steve Medacco
Rose Shalifoe
Roger Shalifoe
Ricky Granquist
Stephanie Bird
Stella Gibson
John Bird

NO DRUGS
OR ALCOHOL

Traders by Invitation
Contact: Debbie Gutowski
(616) 755-3098

Sponsored By: Woodland Indians of Muskegon County, Inc. - 1391 Terrace Street - Muskegon, Michigan

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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans’ History Project
Ken Bucy
Vietnam War; Cold War; Iraq War
30 minutes 49 seconds
*Note: Times in the outline coincide with timecode in interview
(00:18:24) Early Life
-Born in Anderson, Indiana, on April 25, 1947
-Went to a famous church in Anderson (note: possibly Church of God)
-Grew up in Anderson and through two years at Anderson College
-Planned on getting a liberal arts degree so he could become an Air Force pilot
-Kicked out of the college after his second year because he didn’t have enough money
(00:19:19) Enlisting in the National Guard &amp; Assignment to 151st Infantry Regiment
-Planned on attending the state college, but received his draft notice
-Decided to enlist in the National Guard
-Assigned to an airborne infantry unit, the 151st Infantry Regiment of the 38th Infantry Division
(00:19:42) Deployment to Vietnam
-After basic training and advanced infantry training, the 151st Infantry Regiment was mobilized
-Removed from the 38th Infantry Division and became a Ranger unit
-Sent to Fort Benning, Georgia, for more training
-Deployed to Vietnam in late 1968 after Christmas
-Only National Guard unit in Vietnam
(00:20:40) Missions in Vietnam
-Operated out of a basecamp about 30-40 kilometers north of Long Binh
-Established the base when they arrived in Vietnam
-Operated as Long-Range Reconnaissance Patrol (LRRP) units (Company D, 151st Infantry)
-Six-man teams that went into the field for a week
-Watched rivers and trails for enemy troop and supply movement
-Intelligence they gathered went to II Field Force Vietnam
-Sent out large infantry units to intercept and disrupt enemy movement
-Primary objective, aside from gather intelligence, was to stay quiet and avoid capture
(00:22:17) Casualties &amp; Bond
-Lost six men out of his 206-man company
-Extremely low compared to other infantry units
-His unit was different than any other infantry unit in Vietnam at that time
-Comprised of brothers, cousins, brothers-in-law, and friends from school
-Formed a close bond, making them more effective
-It also meant they took their losses much harder
-Still have monthly association meetings at Camp Atterbury, Indiana
-140 men still alive as of 2016

�(00:24:42) Returning to United States
-Returned to the United States and was placed in the inactive reserves
-Arizona State offered him a scholarship, and he accepted
-College paid-for by GI Bill and scholarship
-Fell in love with the state of Arizona
(00:25:25) Reenlisting in the National Guard – Band
-Joined the Arizona National Guard after graduating from college
-There was a National Guard band near the unit
-Wound up spending a total of 17 years with that band
(00:26:00) Seminary &amp; Chaplain Assistant
-After 12 years in the National Guard, he felt the calling to attend seminary
-Went to the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth
-There was a National Guard unit four blocks away from the seminary
-Headquarters unit for the 2nd Brigade of the 49th Armored Division
-They needed a chaplain assistant, and he took the position
-Took the chaplain assistant course by correspondence
-Introduced to the chaplain
-Outstanding man and enjoyed serving with him
-Worked together for 3 ½ years
(00:28:16) Army Reserve Instructor
-Didn’t like the new chaplain, so he became an instructor in Army Reserve school system
-Returned to Arizona
-Trained noncommissioned officers in the chaplain assistant reclassification course
-Served as an instructor for 12 years
-Had gotten certified during a conference in San Antonio
-Learned that he enjoyed teaching
-Got promoted to the rank of E8 (1st sergeant, or master sergeant)
-Taught the chaplain assistant course seven or eight times during his 12 years as an instructor
-Some of the chaplain assistants he taught went on to become chaplains
(00:30:48) Field Exercise at Fort Hood
-As a chaplain assistant, he went to Fort Hood, Texas, for a field exercise
-Went into the field with the chaplain
-Chaplain had to drive the jeep so Ken could offer “protection” from the passenger seat
-Turned out, the chaplain enjoyed cross-country driving
-One day, they got an order to go into the field because a soldier wanted to see the chaplain
-Drove out to that unit’s location and parked under a tree
-Walked 300-400 yards, then low-crawled the rest of the way
-This was so that they didn’t alert the “enemy” to the unit’s presence
-The men of that unit praised Ken for following protocol
(00:36:00) Returning to the Band in Arizona
-After 12 years, the school he taught at reorganized, and he didn’t like it
-Returned to Arizona to resume service with the band in Arizona

�(00:36:25) Voluntary Deployment to Iraq
-In 2003, his band played for three units called-up for service in Iraq
-Deeply moved him
-Knew that a chaplain, somewhere, needed an assistant
-After a week of deliberation, he decided to volunteer for deployment to Iraq
-Contacted the National Guard, and they said they had no opening for him
-A few months later they called him and said they had an opening
-Assigned to an infantry brigade in Louisiana that needed a chaplain assistant
-Spent a total of 19 months with them
-One of the most rewarding times during his career in the Army
-Knew he was exactly where he needed to be
-The chaplain he served with had been in that unit for 19 years
-Younger men related to Ken because he had prior combat experience
-Trained at Fort Hood, Texas, for six months
-Trained at Fort Irwin, California, for five weeks
(00:39:52) Tour in Iraq
-Travelled from the United States, to Kuwait, to Iraq
-Built their own chapel
-Originally held services in a tent without air-conditioning
-He was picked to supervise the construction of their chapel in Camp Victory
-Helped by Army Engineers
-Made a baptistry out of 1,000-gallon water tank, cut in half
(00:42:08) Retirement &amp; Life After Service
-Retired from the Army in 2007
-Taught Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets for three years
-Permanently retired after that
-Enjoyed teaching, especially with students that wanted to be there
-Involved in local politics since 2010
(00:43:33) Reflections on Service Pt. 1
-He didn’t become an Air Force pilot, but he made the most out of his experiences
-Feels his time in the Army showed the efficacy of a good non-commissioned officer
-He was offered the chance to go to Officer Candidate School
-Declined, because he wanted to be on the ground with the troops
(00:44:22) Basic Training
-While in basic training, he knew how to march due to his experience in marching band
-Picked to call cadence and lead his training platoon during marches
-Sergeant tasked him with “procuring” two new mops from another unit
-He, and a few other squad leaders, went out at night and got the mops
(00:46:37) Barbeque Party in Vietnam
-In Vietnam, they had two or three extra vehicles in their motor pool
-During the tour, they lost a copy of their communications/electronics operating instructions
-Basically, all the secret call-signs used by units in radio communications
-As a result, all the units were called in to the basecamp until they got a new CEOI

�-A couple soldiers took one of the extra jeeps and a trailer to Saigon to get meat and beer
-The soldiers used six, 55-gallon drums to make a giant barbeque pit
-Had a three-day party
-Still has no idea where the extra vehicles came from
(00:48:47) Reflections on Service Pt. 2
-Company D of the 151st Infantry Rangers were the most decorated infantry company in 1969
-Proud to have served with them

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Boring, Frank</text>
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&#13;
Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. &#13;
&#13;
Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections.&#13;
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veteran’s History Project
Vietnam War
Douglas Buikema Interview
Total Time: (1:38:00)
Background
 (00:55) Mr. Buikema was born on August 25th, 1946 in Grand Rapids Michigan
o Grew up in Wyoming, Michigan
o His dad had many jobs, ended up working for an office furniture manufacturer
o Mom stayed at home and worked for an office when he and his siblings grew
older
o Mr. Buikema is the oldest of four boys
 (1:35) Worked for a year after graduating high school in 1964, then went to Davenport
College for a couple of years
 (1:50) The Selective Service wanted to know his status
o They said he would be drafted unless he went back to school in the fall
o Volunteered for the draft so he would know where he’d be sent
o This was during August of 1967
Training
 (3:11) Was a squad leader at Ft. Knox, was chosen for this because he was taller
o 4 squads in the barracks; 1 platoon
 (3:26) Basic Training 4 weeks, then onto Ft. McClellan, Alabama
 (3:35) Details on Basic Training:
o Took a train to Ft. Knox from Detroit
o Physical was in Detroit
 Noticed that people were trying to get out of the military
 Knew that people went to Canada to get out of the draft
o Took a bus from the train station to Ft. Knox
o (4:54) Drill Sgt. gave speech, assigned men to barracks
o Mr. Buikema said adjusting to military life was easy for him – being in good
shape helped
o A lot of physical training; remembers marching in double time, etc.
o Sometimes people did not make it; some got discharged because they couldn’t
adjust to military life
 (6:57) Remembers a guy that “lost it,” threw a footlocker across the
barracks – had to wear a straightjacket

�











o Most of the guys at basic training were from the Midwest US
o Ethnicity was mostly white; about 10-15% black, some Puerto Rican and Mexican
(7:54) Got orders to go to Ft. McClellan, for AIT
o Once he got there, found out he was to go to LCP school, for leadership training
o This was about a week – did this before AIT
 Was squad leader here as well
o The leadership training showed them how to lead by example, etc.
o AIT was more specialized training than basic – learned more about how to shoot
and clean weapons, how to lead squad, different part of team, etc.
o (9:57) Trained in mortars as well
o Was surprised when he got to Vietnam to learn that he would not be working
with mortars
 Instead, he was in the infantry
(10:16) Mentions that while he was in AIT, he and the others in training got weekend
passes
o Remembers going out with guys from Grand Rapids
o Became friends with a guy from Georgia, used to go home with him sometimes
because it was within the range of where they could go
o This man lost both of his legs after stepping on a land mine; one below and one
above the knee, walks on two artificial legs and a cane – says this fellow has a
great attitude
(11:49) After completing AIT, Mr. Buikema was asked to go to NCO School at Ft.
Benning, Georgia
o 12 week course
(12:35) Says that in both schools, most of the people who did the training had been to
Vietnam
o Was told that every area is a bit different
o Training was very good
(13:06) The NCO training school taught him all of the different positions in the squad,
how to be a leader &amp; how to motivate people
o Had to establish firepower superiority, this was one of the main things they had
to do
o Trained on many different weapons, learned how to clean them
o Learned how to call in artillery and mortars
o Recalls training in Florida’s swamps
(15:30) Remembers going to jump school after NCO with his friend from Grand Rapids
o Hoped that if they did this, the Vietnam conflict would be over in another month
o Ended up becoming an E5 Sgt. ; instant NCO

�

o Made five jumps
o Went to a leg (regular infantry) unit over in Vietnam
o Airborne school was three weeks
(17:16) After Airborne, Mr. Buikema went back to his AIT unit as a drill sergeant
o Afterwards, he had a 30 day leave before going to Vietnam

Vietnam
 (17:53) Flew over on a commercial plane, sat with his friend Ken Tepper (from GR)
 (18:09) Landed in Bien Hoa
o Before landing, he remembers refueling in Anchorage, Alaska
o Also refueled in Japan
 (19:22) Remembers that when they landed, it was like landing at Kent County Airport;
very different from what he expected
o Soon after, got on a bus to Long Binh
o No windows on the bus, but screens for protection from grenades
 (20:18) Stayed at Long Binh for 3-4 days before getting assigned to a unit
o At this point, didn’t feel like he was in a war yet
o As they were walking near their barracks, they heard loud noises that were
nearby, he and his friend dove into a bunker
o Found out these noises were artillery support for their troops
 (21:34) Ended up going to the 1st Infantry Division
 (22:35) Remembers when they were watching a movie one night, they heard a whistle
noise (bomb) and a warning, and everybody ran to the bunkers
o This is when he realized he was in a war
 (23:32) Base at Quan Loi was where he ended up staying
o C-130 took him there
 (24:25) Remembers training at Quan Loi
o Guard duty at night
o At this point, they were replacements
o Once they got here, more of the same training, wanted them to get used to the
new environment
 (26:03) The base at Quan Loi was in the Michelin Rubber Plantation
o Some of the area that had been sprayed with agent orange was just outside the
plantation
 (26:55) Mr. Buikema went to Company A, 1st Battalion, 28th Infantry in the 1st Division
o Was a squad leader
o Average squad size was about 7 or 8 guys
 (27:55) Remembers the guys in the second squad better than the first

�

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o Remembers a friend from the first unit who was killed in an ambush
(29:19) When he got to the squad, he tried to befriend everyone and ask their advice
o Acknowledged that he was still the rookie even though he was a leader
o Says this was a good approach to take
o Went in the field with these guys within a couple of days
(30:20) Remembers the first time pulling an insertion into a hot LZ
(30:33) Went out as a squad, platoon, and company, it varied
(30:58) The enemies he encountered during this time included Viet Cong and the North
Vietnamese Army
(31:25) Mr. Buikema remembers that in the area he was in, they could go two weeks
without having enemy contact/getting shot at
o Sometimes they would have contact 2-3 days in a row, but sometimes they even
went three weeks without contact
(32:30) First hot LZ
o Was in the 2nd wave of choppers that landed
o They knew it was a hot LZ before they got there
o Hopped into a rice paddy, got stuck
o Some of the other guys were stuck as well
(34:44) Didn’t have an RTO in the squad, but he was trained how to call in artillery,
mortars, etc.
o They did have a radio though
(35:20) Got behind the berm and fired back
(35:40) This was something Mr. Buikema got used to
o Reminded him of pheasant hunting in a way
o It bothered him that he had to shoot a person, but after a while he did get used
to it
(37:44) Remembers working with the 11th Armored Cavalry
o Got to ride on top of the tracks
o Armored Personnel Carrier, appeared to be a tank to civilians
o They had a flame thrower
(39:30) First time getting wounded
o They were on an ambush at night
o They were originally supposed to go to a different ambush site, but it got late
and the platoon leader called to get permission to set up at a place that wasn’t
on the map
 It was a well defined trail but not on the map, so they set it up
o November 16th of 1968
o Saw the enemy coming down the trail, a red lens flashlight

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 Light went off, and then saw a muzzle flash
 AK-47 “sprayed the area”
 Killed two and wounded eight, Mr. Buikema was one of the wounded
o (41:45) When he got shot, the round went through the top of his boot and to his
ankle, fractured his fibula
o Patched everyone up that was injured at night
o They were heavily outnumbered at this time, tried to keep the wounded people
quiet
o Called in Defensive Concentrations (artillery and air support)
o (43:43) Mr. Buikema was awarded a Silver Star for his actions in this firefight
 The star says his injury was painful, but he said it hit a nerve so he
couldn’t feel it
 Compared it to when your foot falls asleep
o (44:35) Said that during this time they didn’t shoot back after the AK-47 shot all
those rounds because they didn’t want to give away their position
o (45:03) After the enemy walked by, they called the 11th Armored Cavalry and
they picked up Mr. Buikema and his squad
(47:08) Mr. Buikema said he knew he was hit instantly, but thought he’d just been
grazed
o Didn’t realize there was a bullet in his leg
o Walked around and helped patch people up
(48:20) Once they were back at the 11th Armored Cav’s base, their first sergeant asked if
he was hit, took his boot off and saw what happened
o Mr. Buikema could hear the blood in his boot moving around when he was
running around to patch people up
o Went on a chopper, spent time on Cam Ranh Bay for about a month
(49:35) While recovering from his injury, went down by South China Sea
o This was in a safe area
o They had hot meals here
o Remembers having Thanksgiving dinner at Cu Chi
(51:00) Went back to his unit in January of 1969
o Remembers hearing about Bob Hope in Long Binh, got to see it
o His future wife saw him on TV
o On his way back to the unit
o His unit moved Lai Khe
(52:10) Lai Khe was bigger than Quan Loi
o Went back to company and platoon
o The squad had totally different guys, maybe one or two of the same

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(53:14) The guys that were in his squad before had rotated out, found a job in the rear,
one had malaria, some were injured
(53:54) The guys in his squad were new, maybe had been in Vietnam for a month
o They saw some activity, had been in firefights
(55:40) They were south of the rubber plantation
(56:00) Operated in a variety of places: jungle, farmland, rice fields, etc.
o Remembers seeing areas that had been sprayed with Agent Orange
(57:25) Was reminded not to walk down trails
(57:30) The second time he got hit, his squad was walking point for the company
o His platoon leader told them to walk down the trail, got orders to do so
o They walked into a U-shaped ambush
(58:08) Remembers a man named Patrick Dugan who was walking point with them
o They were moving too fast, hit an ambush the night before
o They knew they were in the area
o Mr. Buikema went up to Mr. Dugan and told him to slow down
o Once he got back in his position, they moved out again and in two minutes they
walked into the ambush and Mr. Dugan was killed
o Heard that he did not suffer, died instantly
(59:03) Stayed out overnight on the search and destroy missions
o At night, they would set up an ambush
o There were times when they went back to a fire support base, but a lot of the
time they’d stay out there
(1:00:31) The morale was good overall
o Mentions that there were tough times, people got “Dear John” letters, letters
about relatives passing away, etc.
o Infantry unit tried their best to boost morale as well
 Example: after an ambush, the next day, they’d try to get hot meals and
resupply everyone with C rations, clean uniforms, etc.
(1:01:44) No racial tensions that he can remember
(1:02:35) Remembers people using marijuana
o In the base camp, there was a guy from his first group who smoked it
o Cambodians had an area on their base camp where they would get together and
smoke, may not have been marijuana, but “didn’t smell like Marlboro’s”
o There was a guy from his group who hung out with the Cambodians
o In the field, everyone smoked cigarettes, but nothing else
(1:04:30) Went to church with a friend who remembered that it was Sunday one day
(1:05:30) Got on LOH choppers to look for areas to ambush and fool the enemy
(1:07:12) Remembers B-52 strikes

�
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(1:07:32) Got a lot of their water from the bomb craters
o Used fizzies to hide the iodine taste
(1:09:10) The Cambodian mercenaries were Buddhists
o Said you couldn’t mess with their heads or helmets
o They walked point for their squad sometimes
(1:10:35) Went to Manila for his R&amp;R
o Remembers his mother sent medical supplies here during WW2
(1:12:44) 2nd time getting hit
o Was when Dugan was walking point
o NVA was out at night
o They blew the ambush the night before, the next morning they got hot food,
supplies, etc.
o Remembers getting a letter from his future wife who was in Chicago at the time
o They were told they would move out and his platoon would walk point for the
company
o Then Patrick Dugan was walking point, Mr. Buikema told him to slow down and
they walked into the ambush
o Mr. Buikema isn’t sure what he was hit with
 As he rolled over to get his next magazine, he saw an explosion and felt
something hit the back of his leg
 A piece of shrapnel went through the back of his leg, behind his knee
o Said this reminded him of a scene from Saving Private Ryan; mass confusion
o He called in fire, told the guys they were pulling back and if they couldn’t come
along, they were told to play dead and wait until they got back
(1:20:50) Mr. Buikema was in the newspaper a couple times; once was when he was
wounded
(1:21:07) Remembers writing letters back home
o There was also a telephone they could go to sometimes
(1:23:22) When he got his the second time he was in country and knocked out from
anesthesia because his knee was getting fixed
o After he came to, he felt the same
o Doctor said they couldn’t stretch the skin far enough, had to go to Japan for a
skin graft
o The doctor in Japan was from California and sewed it up the next day
o His leg was bent at a 90 degree angle to stretch the skin, explained the cast, each
day they would fix it up a bit more
o After the cast was taken off, his leg wouldn’t go straight for awhile so he had a
bit of a limp

�



o Eventually it straightened out after therapy, etc.
o Was in Japan for about a week
(1:25:28) After Japan he went to St. Louis, Missouri
(1:27:26) Remembers the excitement when they announced that they were in the US
(1:27:41) Processed out quick, then went to the army hospital at Ft. Knox
o Took him a few weeks to recover
o Was discharged April 23rd of 1969

Back Home
 (1:28:52) Was home on leave before he got discharged and he was at the place where
his dad worked at a furniture company
o Got a tour of the place
o Ended up working here a month or so later
o Ended up working here 38 years
o The company was Steelcase
 (1:30:11) Got married that next November
 (1:30:35) Was asked a lot about Vietnam
o Was told to talk about it now and be done with it
o Had a friend who now teaches geography and he went to his class and told
Vietnam stories
o Mentions that he didn’t talk a lot about it to his kids
 (1:31:35) Didn’t see a lot of the anti-war movement personally, just on TV and in the
paper
o Understood where these people were coming from, describes himself as a
neutral person
 (1:32:56) Says he learned a lot about himself in the army
o Changed a lot – after going out in the field the 2nd time he was more composed
under pressure

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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="775840">
                  <text>Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. </text>
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              <name>Coverage</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="775841">
                  <text>1910s-2010s</text>
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              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                  <text>Various</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="775843">
                  <text>&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"&gt;Copyright Undetermined&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Michigan</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="778569">
                  <text>Saugatuck (Mich.)</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="778570">
                  <text>Douglas (Mich.)</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="778571">
                  <text>Michigan, Lake</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="778572">
                  <text>Allegan County (Mich.)</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="778573">
                  <text>Beaches</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="778574">
                  <text>Sand dunes</text>
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                  <text>Outdoor recreation</text>
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                  <text>Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan</text>
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                  <text>Saugatuck-Douglas History Center</text>
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                  <text>Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project)</text>
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              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Image</text>
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              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="775850">
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="775851">
                  <text>2018</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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                <text>DC-07_SD-LordB_Building-a-New-Wall</text>
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                <text>Building a new wall</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Page from Bob Lord's family photograph album with four photos  depicting the construction of a wall or what appears to be an  addition to the house. The photos are discolored from age.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Michigan</text>
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                <text>Allegan County (Mich.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="839141">
                <text>Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="839144">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"&gt;Copyright Undetermined&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1033638">
                <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives</text>
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        <src>https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9629f971ecac5ed6128ceed9f4118d26.jpg</src>
        <authentication>e93a1e827474f6715ca2f7057b0d7c0a</authentication>
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                  <text>Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs</text>
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                  <text>Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="832655">
                  <text>Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183).&#13;
&#13;
Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. &#13;
&#13;
Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections.&#13;
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>1960-2011</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D"&gt;Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="832658">
                  <text>In Copyright</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Photographs</text>
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            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="832661">
                  <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
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                  <text>RHC-183</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Format</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="832663">
                  <text>Image</text>
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                  <text>image/jpeg</text>
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              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>RHC-183_D186-0021</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Gilbert, Douglas R.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="992416">
                <text>1963-06-30</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Building Demolition, Brooklyn, New York</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="992418">
                <text>Black and white photograph of an up-close view of a building demolition in Brooklyn, New York. In the photograph, large pieces of cement can be seen hanging from the ceiling while other demolished surfaces can be seen through the building exit in the background. Scanned from the negative.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="992419">
                <text>Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.)</text>
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                <text>Construction and demolition debris</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="992421">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783"&gt;Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>1960s</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1037792">
                <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives</text>
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                    <text>CHARTS AND RECORDS FOR
PLUMBING, WIRING, KEYS,
ETC.
CONGREGATION B'NAI

�JEWISH CElll'ER &amp; IDUSE OF \.~RSHIP

LIGHrDlG CABINET #1

Boller Room IJall~

1. Recreation Room

7.

Cir. Pump &amp; Plug Boiler Roon
Boiler Room Lights

2.

Plug Recreation Room R Foyer

s.

3.

Recreation Room

9.

4. TCtilat Ws.rdrooo and Fan.

10.

;.

n.

Kitchen Light

6. Foyer

Kitchen Plugs

12.

LIC-HTING CABINET #2
?-bin Entrance

1.

I-bin Cbapal- West

10.

Corridol'-Toilet 2nd 1'1oor

2.

1-nin Chapel-Center

11.

Balooiv Lights

3. Lobby

12.

Plugs-2nd Floor

4. Vestibule-Entrance

13. l-hin Chapel-East

5. Sr.nil Chapel

14. l-bin Clnpal-Ccnter Lto.

6. Lights Under Bal.co~

15.

Kindergarten Class Room
Pl:ugs Main Cmpel

7.

Lounge

16.

s.

Class Room-East

17. Projection Booth

9. Projection l-hcld.ne

�41tJ V FOWER

No-C-440 V
Boller Room

1. si:nre

8. Ix.. Fan

2. Spare

9. Cir. Pump
~

10.

Cir Pump

4. Intake Fan

u.

Air Co:mpreaaor

5. Intake Fan

12. Spare

6.

13. sinre

3. OU Burner

SUmp fump

14.

7. Ex. Fan

SJ:ere

KrtCUEtr IOWER
Boiler Room Hallt,ey

·

l.

Ice Crea:n

4.

2.

nm

5. Spare

3.

Ice Box

6.

Dismasher

Spll"e

LIGHl'ING CADillE'l' #3
Basement North Sta1nlell

.

1. Raoreation,.North End

8. Secretar.r•s Office

2. Platform

9. Cow Lights

3. Clocks &amp; Plugs Recreation lbcm

10. Organ

~

n.

Stage Foot Lights

5. Stainny o.nd P.l.nttorm Plugs

12.

Stage .Foot Lights

6. Ante Room am Ark Plugs

lJ • Stage Foot Lights

Ante Room and Fassage

7. Iabbi'e Study and Urxler
Lights

sio.r

14. Bulletin Board

�OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM
HOUSE OF JE\ ISH iORSHIP
MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN

The o~!"'burner is fully automat1o 1n operation and will
operate as often and as long as necea ary to deliver water
at the temper ture called tor by the aquastat.
In starting up the heating system, therefore, 1t is necessary
only to close all electric aw1tchea that supply energy to the
oil burner, light th gas pilot an~ let the oil bnrner controls
govern the operation. Close the switch starting the hot water
o1rculat1ng pump and let the pump run as long aa there 1a demand tor heating.
The direct radiation and conTectors are connected to a piping
system having a circulating pump and thermostatically controlled
mixing valve. The mixing valve 1a arramged to vary the temperature of the water supplied to the oonveotore and radiators inversely with outdoor temperatures. The aquastat in the boil r
water should be set tor about 200 Fin mild weather and 240 F
in extremely cold weather.
The heating ot the b sement recreation room and the heating of
the Main Ohapel is accomplished with the respective air supply
and exhaust systems. Each room has finned convectors below the
windows , which can furnish part of the heating, but operation ot
the fan systems ia essential tor full heating and tor ventilating of the rooms.
'l'he blast conveotors of the air suppl y systems are supplied with
water at boiler temperature, through a separate piping system
having its own circulating pump. This pump likewise must be
turned on whenever it is necessary to supply heating or ventilating to these rooms.
Prior to occupancy or use of either room, start the re peot1ve
supply and exhaust tan and set the pneumatic positioning dial
tor 100 per cent recirculation. This will close the outside e.ir
intake damper and set the dampers in the exhaust fan discharge
duct to re_turn al.l the -ih
t :r-.1:r _,. t t11
u ly y tem.
The roo • quiokly may be warmed when all the air thus is recircul ated.
When the room is ready tor occupancy, s t the pneumatic positioning dial tor about 50 per cent outside air 1n m1ld weather,
or for not more than 2S per cent in extremely cold weather.
-1-

�!l'he ventilating systems may be used w1th 100 per cent outside
air during weather requiring no heating or very little heating,
as during spring and tall.
After comuleting use ot the room, shut off the supply and exhaust tans serving the room. De-energizing the tan...motors automatically causes the pneumatic damper 1n the air intake to close
end to set the reciroulating damper 1n 100 per oent recirculating
position, regardless ot the setting on the pneumatic pos1t1on1ng
dial.
Whenever outdoor temperatures are below freezing, the circulating
pump tor the ventilating systems should be run, whether or not the
fans shall be used, as cold air leakage at the outside air intake
drunpers may be euttic1ent to endsnger the conveotors.
Replace the air tilter cells at periodic intervals, depending on
frequency ot use and accumulation ot duet. Never replace all the
cells at one time, as the reduced resistance or all clean cells
will cause greatly increased a1r tlow. By staggering replacement
of the tilter cells, the air quantity may be maintained fairly
uniform. Keeping record of dates ot replacing filter cells, therefore, 1a essential to proper care of the ventilating system.
011 all motors, bearings and moving part at onthly 1nterVale, or
as much oftener as required to~ proper lubrication. Use proper
grade of oil tor each service.

Blow out condensation trom bottom of air compressor receiver periodice:lly.
'l'he expansion tank of the heating system must never be permitted to
become waterlogged. The water line must be visible in the gauge
glass at all times. In ata'rting up from a cold system, the water
should be Just visible in the bottom of the gauge glass. As the
water expa.nda under heating, it will rise in the tank, compressing
the air.

The oil burner should be serviced once a year by the manufacturers
representative. This should be a periodio check up prior to start
or the heating aeason. Adjustment of valves, dampers, etc. of the
oil burner must not be changed from the settings made by the oil
burner ae.rv1.o.e r~preaentative.

The pneumatic control system sh u.ld be checked once a year by aerv1oe representative of the manufacturer, to insure its efficient
operation.

Samuel R. Lewie and Associates
August 14, 1948

�HardYrare Schedule
Jewish Center &amp; Hous
of Worship
Strom &amp; Strom Builde

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JOHNSON SERV1CE COMPANY

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8PSCIALIZ1Ntl
NKCMIAIU~ llOUIPMIINT l"Olt

•un..o,....
"HONE G L - 4898 1

MAX A. LETT. ME C HANICAL ENGINEER
801 MICHIGAN TRU8T

BUIL OINO

GRAND RAPIDS 2, MICHIGAN

October 2, 1957
egat1on B 1 nat _..;-Eavl
'D:)&lt;..• _.h &amp; W$bst r
t•••
kegon:, 1'.J.ch1gan

1ttent1ons-

• Sts.?uey

s~ongregation B~na1 Israel
:ait.1d1ng
C-Plan. Rabbi

-1/7

-?W,/
I'

Iv -:r
/

Dear Rabb!. IQiplans

--;,~¥)~~

field check was made on__the heat.1 s-- s1s"tem
oft.he su )ect ~•-~-·..~
iber 30, 1957 and
t.t a ver noted
f ~ / ._,,

the~?~~/28 .,_

1. Oh1et a-ompla1lnt, vaa that office seotiore at nort end :!:,
ot o°llm'oh did not heat properly.
2~ Wall convector radiators under basement assembly windows
not heating properly
3~ Ind1cat1ons of overheating in south second story portion
~ building~
4~ Otttdoor-'1.nd.oor reset not t't.llrot1oning properly'~
The heating plans for the building were
as install
was xamined. The
ayst
appeared to b a well installed vystem w1t'h all required
ace asorie to tac111:t balancing &amp; adj\lsting. By balancing
is meant the prooeee of regulating the system 1:n a mamer to
put the heat where requ1rec!.

g;

examined and then tbs e7at

•

The tollow1ng corrective measures w re t k ent
lA. Thee~ ion tank was emptied of water and was l e ft w1th
about 3" or water on the gaga.
21.. The system was tilled to 25
- --uhat.. t
""t..•
~
.t
,.
:runt.ion to in 1c t
hen the wat81!
•
vents ehould be r plac , otherwise, frequent band ven ing
r quired. The anunl vent cooks at the auto vent looat1on indicated the water pr seur ample to fill tho eyat •
:;&amp;.. The hea tin

t d

el ents ent1oned 1n I:t
l. a ov
checked tor heating and found to be he t1n pro

r
r

�2 o't 2

5&amp;. With regard to Item~

l! will oontaot the J'obnson
ce Company to recheck th ou:tdoor-indoor reset the next
they have a man 1n t
v1c1n1ty~ I beltsve I can got th•

chec

th

item without cost to the OWner.

6A.. As noted 1n I-t 5A the system pi, ssure wa lett at
25 lbs. gage(boiler). Would like to have the Oustod1an drop
the pr asur to 20 lbs. gage(bo1ler) by opening the valve slightly-

at top ot compreee1on tank until system pressure has dropped to
the desired figur.

rn the event the above l av a any quent1o
or prob
a unanswered th n drop ea line giving telephon number of Custodian
so the next time I
in Muskegon I will atop by and see him.
It is believed that the above will solve the problem of
heating of the office section. It it does not then there are
tJro
t.e!"?lat1v. ... cpor. _.on --ao1ut11n ""OUld----be to .1 a-tall a rre1)81:' t
pump forte off1oe eeot1on with supply &amp; r turn runout from t
boiler room to the section concerned. The other solution would
be to in tall electric baseboard heating units 1n the rooms
concerned. The alternatives should not be used if they can b
avoided •

•

,

�(\.~ • .J

S~IICIALIZINO
M f r N I C A ... 11:QUIPMENT l'"OR BUILDINGS

PHONE

C

MAX A. LETT, MEC
601 M I CHIGAN '
GRAND RAPID.

Congregation B 1 nai Israel
Fourth &amp; Webster Ste.~
Muskegon, Michigan

REs-Congr~gation B'nai Israel
Building
-.

-,

.lttention:- Mr. Stanley Kaplan, Rabbi

./-

:~
~ '.,,,,-2_

Dear Rabbi Kaplan:

'

~

z:~~~

A fi eld c heck was made on the
of the subject building on September 30, 1957 and the~owing
i tams were noted a
~,(_', $

~-------~-

~=

.

l. Chief complaint was that office section at nort end ,
of church did not heat properly~
2. Wall convector radiators under basement Jnsembly windows 7
not heating properly~
3-.· Indications of overheating in · sou" second story port1~
of building.
I
4. Outdoor-indoor reset not f'unctic
r
properly-~
:
•
The heating ·r
· 'll~ "11nc; wero
I
examined and t hen the system as
syst em a ppeared to be a well in
acce s sories to facili t e balanci
is meant the proces s of regulat
put the heat where r e1uired.
I'

'trn follow1r

u-.

., ... a.1.res we.

The expansion tank was empw.Led of water and was left with
about 3" of water on the gage-.

a. The s ys t e • was f i l led to 25 ~•t ga~(boiler)-. It was noted
t h.at the auto vents a t top of heating risers in roof ape.ca did not
funtion to i ndica te ,:hen the wat~ had reached the vents-. The
vents should be replaced, otherwise, fre quent band ventillg may be
re~uired-. The manual vent cocks at the auto vent locations indicated t he wa ter pressure ample to fill the system.
:;A. The heat ine elements mentioned 1n Item l above were then
vented &amp; checked tor heating and found to be heating properlyt.

4.l. The hand valves serv:1.ng the wall convector heating elements
below the main assembly windows were turned off and then the similar
heating ele~ents under ba sement assembly windows were examined and
found to be receivin5 hea t. This indicated that by !'?'oper adjustment
of' the balancing valves in the heatin g el ements the ~1eat could be
distributed between the heating elements concerned. The Custodian wae.
instructed concernine adjustment of the balancing valves~

�</text>
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                  <text>Temple B'nai Israel Collection</text>
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                  <text>Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.)</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue.</text>
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              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                  <text>Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project.</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="792637">
                  <text>&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"&gt;In Copyright&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Muskegon (Mich.)</text>
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                  <text>Scrapbooks</text>
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                  <text>Synagogues</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="792642">
                  <text>Women--Societies and clubs</text>
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                  <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan</text>
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                  <text>Preston, Marilyn</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="792646">
                  <text>Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives</text>
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                  <text>DC-08</text>
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              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="792649">
                  <text>Image</text>
                </elementText>
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                  <text>Text</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="792651">
                  <text>image/jpeg</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="792652">
                  <text>application/pdf</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="792653">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="792654">
                  <text>Circa 1920s-2018</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="882964">
                <text>DC-08_BI-1950-BuildingEngineeringFacilities</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Congregation B'nai Israel</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="882966">
                <text>1950-04</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Building Engineering Facilities</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="882968">
                <text>Binder of charts and records for plumbing, wiring, keys, heating and ventilation system, hardware schedule for the Muskegon Jewish Center and House of Worship.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Synagogues</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="882972">
                <text>Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783"&gt;Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans’ History Project
Kathryn Bulkley
World War II (Civilian), Post-WWII (Air Force)
37 minutes 14 seconds
(00:00:11) Early Life
-Born in Muskegon, Michigan, in 1919
-Moved to North Muskegon
-Graduated from North Muskegon High School
-Attended community college for two years
-Father was a coffee salesman and sold coffee door-to-door
-Had a difficult life during the Great Depression
-Father worked for the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
-WPA: New Deal agency that hired Americans to do various jobs
-For example, her father cut down trees for the WPA
-Mother worked as a caretaker
-Her mother contracted cancer and died when Kathryn was 21-years old
-Graduated from high school in 1937
-Had 26 people in her class
-After community college she went to Western Michigan University for one year
(00:03:18) World War II
-Worked for Continental Motors in Muskegon for a couple years
-Aircraft factory
-Worked for seven days a week, for 25 cents an hour
-Worked on Rolls Royce engines for aircraft destined to Britain as part of the Lend-Lease Act
-She worked in the paint department
-Moved to Portland, Oregon, to live with sister and find work in the shipyard
-Couldn’t find work
-Returned to Muskegon after the war ended
-Worked in the YWCA office and at the YMCA as a swimming instructor
(00:06:25) Enlisting in the Air Force
-Decided to enlist in the Air Force after the war
-Had wanted to serve and it was something different to do
-Wanted to further the medical skills she had learned in college
-Didn’t know that the Air Force didn’t have its own medical service
-Air Force still relied on the Army for medical services
(00:08:39) Basic Training
-Sent to Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, for basic training
-Took aptitude tests
-Learned how to march
-A lot of foreign generals visited the base
-Recruits to had to go out in formation to greet them
-Remembers recruits collapsing due to the heat
-Not allowed to help them
-Learned how to obey orders
-It wasn’t too hard for her
-Strong emphasis on following orders and being disciplined

�-She was older than the other recruits
-She was in her late twenties, and most of the recruits were in their late teens
-The drill sergeants were nice, strict, and women
-Basic training lasted three or four months
(00:12:47) Chanute Field, Illinois
-Sent to Chanute Field, Illinois, to wait for her assignment
-She had picked an assignment to work as a mechanic on an aircraft simulator
-The simulator was a pod with aircraft instruments, on hydraulics, over an electronic map
-Used to teach new pilots how to fly by instruments (usually for night flying)
-Spent a few weeks at Chanute waiting for her final assignment
(00:18:30) Stationed at Langley Air Force Base
-Sent to Langley Air Force Base, Virginia
-Assigned to a department to learn how to do maintenance on the flight simulators
-Training lasted four months
-Learned about electronics, hydraulics, instruments, and how to use the simulator
-As a mechanic, she worked from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. when pilots weren’t using the simulators
-First group of female mechanics
-They were considered an experimental group (seeing if women could be competent mechanics)
-Reported to a master sergeant
-He treated the women well
-She and the other female mechanics were routinely checked to see if they were doing well
-They made the experiment a success, gaining women a stronger role in the military
-Quartered in barracks
-Slept on cots in an open area with 15 or 20 women
-Worked with a lot of Southern women
-Difficult to understand
-They saw it as a place to advance themselves, and maybe a route to go to college
-Enjoyed the work she did, but it wasn’t really practical for the civilian sector
(00:24:55) Downtime &amp; Life Off-Base
-Allowed to hop flights off the base, but had to be back for duty by a specific time
-Hopped a flight to New York City
-On the way back she lost her seat because General Curtis Lemay needed a seat
-This resulted in Kathryn being AWOL
-Punished with marching in front of the flag for an hour a night for a week
-Never took a flight off the base after that
-Korean War didn’t make much of an impression on her when it began in June 1950
-Didn’t pay much attention to the news anyway
-Had some limited entertainment options on the base
-Pool, card room, and the occasional movie, but nothing exciting
(00:29:10) End of Service
-She wasn’t really happy at Langley, and wasn’t really happy in the Air Force
-Didn’t feel like she belonged in the Air Force
-Felt confined, and didn’t like it
-Didn’t see herself making a career out of the Air Force
-Had gone in with the mindset of staying for two years then getting out
-No encouragement for reenlist
-Discharged from the Air Force in 1950
(00:31:00) Life after Service
-Didn’t what to do after she got out of the Air Force

�-Got a job with Sealed Power in Muskegon, Michigan
-Worked for them for 16 years
-Went back to Western Michigan University in 1966
-Lived in on-campus apartment
-Completed a degree in physical education
-Got a job at Oakridge Middle School in Muskegon
-Taught there for 17 years
-Enjoyed the work and discovered it was her true calling
(00:33:55) Segregation
-Doesn’t remember any African American women in her unit
-President Truman issued an executive order in 1948 desegregating the military
-Took a while for the military to integrate, though
-Didn’t spend time off-base in the South, so she didn’t see segregation
(00:35:24) Reflections on Service
-The Air Force taught her electrician skills
-Helpful when she built her house

�</text>
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Boring, Frank</text>
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