101 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4640f606e8814b9761b6b98fae12e2b0.pdf 012e815abd50e180b6c5fb77dbf68e7a PDF Text Text Day 419 by windoworks �In Denmark, the law requires owners of large farmland to plant 5 % of their land with �flowers What an excellent idea! And I love wildflower meadows. for bees Yesterday our excursion (in the rain) was to the South Kent Landfill with a car full of all the trash that nobody wanted. Next Thursday, the Salvation Army is coming with their truck to pick up the furniture we are not taking back to Australia. Our living room will look very bare! First up, from Crooked Media: The FDA will authorize the use of the Pfizer vaccine in kids 12 to 15 years old by early next week. So that’s the good news. Here’s something I want to talk about: Washington Post The Australian government is threatening to fine or imprison anyone who returns to Australia from India. Critics say the punishments are racist, but Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison contended the motivation was “about health” in an interview Monday with Australian radio. First of all, they’re ‘threatening’ not promising to imprison. But that threatened imprisonment is for up to 5 years. Now I understand that the virus is totally out of control in India and it doesn’t look like they’ll get it under control any time soon. But as each international flight into Australia is met far away from the terminal by police or military, and as every passenger is then escorted to a quarantine facility, wouldn’t the better idea be to allow planes in from India and then isolate those passengers in a strictly supervised and isolated facility for up to a month? With attendants fully clothed in PPE? In the US I believe all incoming flights from India have been banned for the foreseeable future. Of course, here in the US if you fly back in from overseas, you are instructed to isolate until a negative covid test comes back. There’s a whole world of difference between instructed and physically compelled to isolate. This leads me to a worrying development. Using Australia and New Zealand as examples - if you cut off your country from the wider world and yet progress at a snail’s pace to vaccinate your population, you can’t open your borders any time soon. The price of keeping the virus out as much as possible is complete isolation from the rest of the world. That isolation has huge financial consequences. You have to take out all financial predictions for tourism and rely solely on exports and domestic tourism for financial security. People are astonished when I tell them that we are returning to Australia to live because visiting is no longer an option. We are classed as Repatriating Australians and its lucky that we obtained new Australian passports a couple of years ago when we could no longer enter Australia using our American passports. �Many years ago I took some Philosophy classes at university. My friend and I did so well we were invited to do Honors in Philosophy. For various reasons we both declined but it remains a feather in my cap. I’m telling you this because Philosophy was where I first encountered The Slippery Slope. A slippery slope argument, in logic, critical thinking, political rhetoric, and caselaw, is an argument in which a party asserts that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect. Wikipedia I can see the slippery slope in banning all flights from India into Australia on pain of imprisonment. Likewise, I see a slippery slope in (I think) Florida, where they have imposed huge restrictions on mail in voting - only to realize this negatively impacts a large number of Republican voters. The state GOP answer? Oh, that restriction won’t apply to Republican voters. Wait! What? And, Florida begins that steep, skippery slide........... Meanwhile, in Brazil Covid-19 has caused 1 out of every 3 deaths this year, and less than 10% of the Brazilian population has been vaccinated so far. Well that’s bad. But here in the US, there is this tiny ray of hope: Crooked Media: Los Angeles County reported no new coronavirus deaths on Sunday and Monday—a likely undercount, but an incredibly hopeful sign. The next 2 installments of how our lives are changed from Washington Post : Soft pants By Maura Judkis Before the pandemic, pants were sorted by fabric, function and fit. There were so many types: wool trousers, corduroys, chinos, leggings, jeggings, sweatpants, yoga pants and, inevitably, jeans with their many subcategories: skinny, boyfriend, distressed. But the pandemic has pared all that taxonomic specificity away, leaving us with only two kinds: Hard and Soft. Soft Pants are often terry cloth- or Lycrabased, and they always have elastic or drawstring waistbands. Hard Pants are any pants that have buttons, zippers, or itchy or unstretchy fabric. Soft Pants are a gentle embrace of the calves. Hard Pants are leg prisons. I used to be a person who wore pencil skirts and sheath dresses and all sorts of beautiful, uncomfortable things. A person who believed Karl Lagerfeld when he famously called sweatpants “a sign of defeat.” But when we began working from home, I quickly became a person who owned “nice” sweatpants (cool, tailored joggers for outdoor socially distanced hangs) and “house” sweatpants (old ones with pilled fabric that gave me pancake butt). I wore workout leggings and did not work out. Newly able to sit cross-legged in my desk chair or strike a yoga pose between calls — you can’t do that in a pencil skirt — I found that the words flowed more easily. Minor discomforts, like a too-tight waistband or a seam that digs, emit a constant low hum in your brain. When you eliminate them, you free up that space �for more important things. Wearing Soft Pants, you don’t think about how your clothing feels at all. Choosing Soft Pants does not necessarily mean rejecting fashion. We can have it both ways: clothes that make us look good and conform to business-casual office attire norms, but still feel comfortable. We can’t all wear elegant three-piece Louis Vuitton pajama ensembles, as actor Daniel Kaluuya did for the virtual Screen Actors Guild Awards. But maybe we’ll be more creative and productive in sweatshirt suit jackets and terry cloth joggers, leggings and stylish, shapeless sack dresses. Let all fabrics be stretchy, all waistbands elastic. Let our Soft Pants make our minds sharp. Maura Judkis is a staff writer for The Washington Post’s Style section. @MauraJudkis Watching live television By Jacob Brogan Like many of my fellow millennials, I learned to watch television in my own way and in my own time: I programmed the VCR to record “X-Files” episodes on Friday nights as a teen. I mainlined whole seasons of “Sex and the City” on DVD in college. I ravenously consumed Food Network shows on Hulu as I cooked in my 20s and 30s. When I watched something while it was airing — as I did for the two great TV bloodbaths of the 21st century, “Game of Thrones” and “The Bachelor” — it was typically because I had to write about it for work in the hours just after. That changed almost immediately in the early months of the pandemic. Despite the array of streaming services on our television’s home screen, my girlfriend and I found ourselves scouring the broadcast listings for something, anything, to fill our evenings. Hungry for events that might interrupt the monotony of our days, we tuned into award shows that we would have otherwise read about afterward, and athletic competitions that we would have mostly ignored. Even the worst programs — most notably, the baffling dating show/singing competition “Listen to Your Heart” — brought a rhythm to our weeks, reminding us that time was passing, however tediously. The real appeal of live television during the pandemic was the tenuous sense that we were doing something that other people were doing, too. Sometimes we would text along with friends — happy to know that we needn’t fear spoilers, since they were watching with us — and sometimes we’d simply scroll through Twitter together, observing as the discourse took shape. “Television, in its liveness, its immediacy, its reality, can create families where none exist,” wrote the media theorist Jane Feuer. She worried that this togetherness was illusory, a pernicious tool of corporate power. If so, it is an illusion I have come to treasure despite myself, and one that I will continue to embrace, happy as I am to remember that we share our world with others, strangers and kin alike. Jacob Brogan is an assistant editor with Outlook at The Washington Post. @jacob_brogan There seems to be confusion still about what we can do as fully vaccinated people. Here’s the CDC’s excellent layout: What You Should Keep Doing For now, if you’ve been fully vaccinated: �• You should still protect yourself and others in many situations by wearing a mask that fits snugly against the sides of your face and doesn’t have gaps. Take this precaution whenever you are: o In indoor public settings o Gathering indoors with unvaccinated people (including children) from more than one other household o Visiting indoors with an unvaccinated person who is at increased risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19 or who lives with a person at increased risk • You should still avoid indoor large gatherings. • If you travel, you should still take steps to protect yourself and others. You will still be required to wear a mask on planes, buses, trains, and other forms of public transportation traveling into, within, or out of the United States, and in U.S. transportation hubs such as airports and stations. Fully vaccinated international travelers arriving in the United States are still required to get tested within 3 days of their flight (or show documentation of recovery from COVID-19 in the past 3 months) and should still get tested 3-5 days after their trip. • You should still watch out for symptoms of COVID-19, especially if you’ve been around someone who is sick. If you have symptoms of COVID-19, you should get tested and stay home and away from others. • You will still need to follow guidance at your workplace. • People who have a condition or are taking medications that weaken the immune system, should talk to their healthcare provider to discuss their activities. They may need to keep taking all precautions to prevent COVID-19. So our next port was Corinto, a town on the North West Pacific Coast of Nicaragua. �Our first stop was at a Catholic �Cathedral. �Beautiful wooden ceiling �Looking down the length of the �church �So many saints and icons ��A black Jesus on the �cross �When we first entered the church there was a mass christening going on. So many babies and toddlers in white. There were elements that puzzled me but my companion on the tour was a Catholic priest and he explained everything. To be honest I think I’ve forgotten it all except the part about the huge family and friends parties afterwards where everyone drinks, eats and generally has a good time. More of my tour tomorrow. Oliver �Watering the plants with Great Aunt Bernie. �In the ‘is this a step forward?’ category: CNN: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Gen. Mark Milley, the top US general, has dropped his opposition to major policy changes on how the military handles sexual assault and is open to removing the chain of command from involvement in investigations. An Independent Review Commission, created by Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, is carrying out an urgent 90-day review of Pentagon policies and procedures on sexual assault. Milley until now had said sexual assault is a leadership issue and must be handled within the chain of command. But he dropped his opposition after seeing attempts to effectively reduce or end sexual assault within the ranks fail. A Defense Department survey estimated more than 20,000 sexual assaults in the military in 2018. See you tomorrow. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2021-05-04_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-419 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-04 Title A name given to the resource Day 419 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ed94e5bc8331755d755af04859c96073.pdf 4f34714af05b0bef94ebe1691ae02929 PDF Text Text Day 420 – or 61 days left, if anyone’s counting. by windoworks Good morning. Today the national focus is on getting everyone vaccinated. I believe that is the only way countries will be able to open up again and life might return to some sort of After Times normal. Washington Post: In the most significant update to distribution since President Biden took office, the White House is changing how it allocates unused vaccine doses. States are allotted vaccines based on population, though some states do not order their full allotment. Now, unordered vaccines will no longer carry over week-to-week; instead, the White House will shift those remainder vaccines into a federal bank that can be tapped by other states. Biden said Tuesday he has set a goal of getting at least the first dose of the vaccine into 70 percent of Americans by July 4. Teenagers and those who have been unable to access vaccines will be the focus of campaigns in coming months, he said, as will those who are reluctant to get a shot. How do you change the minds of Americans who don't want to get the vaccine? The White House, public health charities and researchers are using polls and focus groups to find the messages that resonate most. For one skeptic-turned vaccinated American, the switch was the realization that if she became ill, she wasn't sure who could care for her child. �And: �But for all of us fully vaccinated, raise your hand if you’re finding it difficult to be comfortable, even doing the things the CDC has said we’re allowed to do. Hmmm. I can’t see you but I’m sure some of you are waving your hands in the air. Here’s a piece from The Atlantic: Some Americans find themselves stuck, unable to let go of the comfort blanket of early-pandemic guidelines despite the fact that fully vaccinated people can safely ease up on many precautions. • Post-vaccine inertia is real. “You can’t just turn off that anxiety; it’s got to power down,” one psychologist told our reporter Katherine J. Wu. • A subset of liberals can’t quit lockdown. “Some progressives have not updated their behavior based on the new [public-health advice],” Emma Green writes. “And in their eagerness to protect themselves and others, they may be underestimating other costs.” �• But public-health officials shouldn’t wait around for herd immunity. Juliette Kayyem, a former disasterpreparedness official, argues: “Cautionary public-health guidance risks losing its impact if it fails to acknowledge what the American public surely can see: We are winning the war against COVID-19 in the United States.” I read an interesting article about how many of us are now languishing rather than flourishing. Foolishly I took the 10 point questionnaire and I am firmly in the languishing camp - because I answered honestly. I didn’t find the advice about transitioning from languishing to flourishing helpful or practical. But at least I know I’m languishing now. Oh well. Yesterday, in line with the new, braver, us, we bought our lunch from Terra Bagels (smoked turkey with the fixings) and drove to Holland to see the tulips. Last year the organizers made a loss as the parades were canceled and the shops weren’t open, although the tulips all bloomed on schedule. The Holland Tulip Time Festival has happened in May since 1929. Its an integral part of West Michigan life. This year, I don’t think there were parades (certainly not yesterday) and there were food trucks of all kinds parked all over downtown. The stores were all open and the tulips were blooming. We walked around the main park after we had eaten our lunch in the car. ���These are just a few of the tulip beds. It was cold and breezy but the colors lifted our spirits. Craig was very interested as he planted tulips in our back garden meadow, and they are gorgeous. Here’s the next 2 changes from Washington Post: Spending time with pets By Lara Bazelon The pandemic has created a pet boom. People who had never considered sharing space with a four-legged creature now speak in the awed tones of religious converts. Puppies are suddenly everywhere: bounding joyfully up the street, standing on their hind legs for a treat at the local coffee shop, and happily chewing through unused yoga mats and low-hanging rolls of toilet paper. Some of the humans on the other end of the leash for the first time are people who professed to hate animals. Yes, I plead guilty. Like so many of us who worked from home during the pandemic, I am excited to return to my office with the promise of busy, buzzing days with students and colleagues popping in and out. Yet I haven’t missed that daily interaction as much as I feared I would. Kittle, my mop-haired bichon poodle, is a constant companion. In my covid office, a.k.a. my bedroom, he is ever present, looking up at me soulfully from the nest he has made in the pillows. Peering at other people over Zoom, I see their pets, too: napping on the couch, asleep in their laps, walking across the computer screen, tails wagging in a friendly hello. �These furry friends have comforted us during the endless, frightening and uncertain days. They have also humanized us. It’s hard to yell at opposing counsel when a labradoodle is licking his face. And that’s a good thing. So hello, three-dimensional people, and a fond farewell to your pets Gimli, Pepper, Hank, Sparrow and Beebs. I will miss you. I won’t be saying goodbye to Kittle, though. Come the fall, he will be making regular trips to the office. I can’t imagine life — or work — without him. Lara Bazelon, a professor at the University of San Francisco School of Law, is the author of “A Good Mother,” a novel that will be published in May. @larabazelon Online ordering at in-person restaurants By Tim Carman Quick response, or QR, codes have gone from fad to survival tool during the pandemic. They’ve allowed restaurant customers to scan little black-and-white boxes with their phones and call up menus, cocktail lists and specials, all without anxious exchanges between diner and server. These innovations have been a matter of safety, even if they generally go against the ethos of a hospitality industry built on customer interactions. But there are a number of reasons restaurants would benefit from hanging on to those contactless menus and checkout systems. QR codes can allow diners to pay their bills at the table, a process that eliminates the traditional three-step dance: The server presents the check, returns to pick up your credit card and then brings the receipt for you to sign. It’s a lot of legwork for the server and can turn into a “Waiting for Godot” scene for diners. A QR code checkout would let diners leave the restaurant faster, which in turn would let owners turn over tables quicker. There are more benefits, too: QR codes save paper. They cut down on duplicate credit card receipts. They allow chefs and sommeliers to update menus without felling more trees. QR codes would also reduce credit card fraud, which is a risk every time you hand over plastic to a stranger. Perhaps you don’t want your phone to be such an intimate part of your dinner out? I get that. The device already intrudes on too much of our lives. But used once at the beginning, and then the end, of your meal, your phone could become an important piece of the 21st-century dining experience. Tim Carman is a food reporter at The Washington Post. @timcarman In an aside: my daughter absolutely agreed with the Soft Pants piece yesterday. More changes tomorrow. Here’s really interesting tidbit: NPR When the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention first recommended wearing masks during the early part of the pandemic, people bought so many sewing machines that retailers had trouble keeping them in stock. �And people then segued into making clothes. For myself, I buy all my clothes online, usually at sales which seem to be happening constantly. It will be odd to try clothes on in a store, in the future. and no, I don’t have a sewing machine. Those days passed along with camping vacations. Next in Corinto, Nicaragua. When we all came out of the church, they put on a dance display for us in the church grounds. �����Notice how we are all crammed under the trees? It was so hot. Then, before our next stop, there was time for shopping, of course. Oliver �Eating at soccer practice. �Today I’ll leave you with this which just demonstrates how uneducated some politicians actually are: See you tomorrow � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2021-05-05_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-420 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-05 Title A name given to the resource Day 420 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d99cc724a6602eb339354289606288b6.pdf 0560d114f8b0fdabba4b77729449da29 PDF Text Text Day 421. by windoworks So here we are. This morning I went to Blodgett Hospital for a bone density scan. In the 2 or so weeks since my mammogram, the rules have changed again. Although the mask I was wearing was a brand new one out of the box, at the entrance I had to use hand sanitizer, throw my own mask in the trash, and take a new one from the hospital supply. Once again, I was the only person waiting in my section, and the radiologist came and got me promptly. She weighed me (sigh), and then measured my height. 3 years ago at my last scan I was 5 foot, 3 and 1/4 inches. This morning, I was 5 foot 3 and 3/4 inches. Well thats exciting! I’ve stopped shrinking and I seem to be growing. Quick round up of the news: the Greater Sydney Area is masking up and dealing with smaller group gatherings, just in time for Mothers Day. Biden has a fundamentally dark assessment of Vladimir Putin; Biden’s administration supports lifting intellectual property protections for coronavirus vaccines, arguing it will speed production. This means developing countries can rapidly produce their own generic vaccines rather than wait months or years for sufficient doses. Beleagured Liz Cheney: “History is watching. Our children are watching. We must be brave enough to defend the basic principles that underpin and protect our freedom and our democratic process. I am committed to doing that, no matter what the short-term political consequences might be,” writes the House Republican conference chair, whose GOP colleagues have increasingly called her unfit for her leadership role. If you’re wondering why her colleagues think she’s unfit - its because she won’t support the Big Lie that the election was stolen. And speaking of the Republican Party, here’s a quote from President Biden: News & Guts “It seems as though the Republican Party is trying to identify what it stands for and they’re in the midst of a significant sort of mini-revolution. I think the Republicans are further away from trying to figure out who they are and what they stand for than I thought they would be at this point.” And Facebook has to decide whether it wants to make Trump’s ban permanent or let him back in. New York Times: Facebook’s suspension of Donald Trump will continue for now, the company announced yesterday. But it still has not resolved the central problem that Trump has created for social media platforms and, by extension, American democracy. The problem is that Trump lies almost constantly. Unlike many other politicians — including other recent presidents, from both parties — he continues to make false statements even after other people have documentedtheir falseness. This behavior undermines the healthy functioning of American democracy, �particularly because Trump has such a large following. His lies about the 2020 election are the clearest example. They have led tens of millions of people to believe a made-up story about how Joe Biden won. They have become a loyalty test within the Republican Party. In several states, Republican legislators are using Trump’s made-up story to justify new laws that make voting more difficult, especially in heavily Democratic areas. There is a direct connection between Trump’s lies about the election and the weakening of voting rights. The next two changes from Washington Post: Appreciating essential workers By Benjamin Lorr Back when the pandemic began, and all of reality felt up for grabs, at least one thing seemed clear: Many people could be “patriotic” by staying home and locking themselves up — and others had to actually go out and do things. Yes, this meant nurses and doctors. Praise them with pots and pans at 7 p.m.! But a new class of “essential worker” emerged, too: our grocers, pharmacists and transit workers; truck drivers, warehouse workers, delivery women. Those for whom the pandemic was not a pause, nor a frenzy, but business as usual. Even the most basic American lifestyle relies on them: a largely invisible collection of �behind-the-scenes workers, not glamorous enough for an Instagram marketing campaign nor yet worthy of a livable minimum wage. While many of us were busy planning trips to the grocery like they required military precision — or when a neighbor confided that he was holding his breath while passing strangers on the street — these workers were still there, protecting the miracle of the supply chain. Dropping packages at doors. Stocking produce on the shelves. Ringing the register in front of stranger after stranger, with no way to hold their breath through it all. It didn’t take long to move from “essential worker” to “hero.” And while it seems kind of definitional that heroes opt into their heroics — as opposed to being conscripted by economic necessity — we can leave learning the distinction between heroism and extortion for a 2021 goal. Right now, I’m just glad for awareness. May we keep an understanding of how much we depend on these workers, and someday soon, may that awareness bring them higher wages, basic benefits and a status equal to all they deliver. Benjamin Lorr is the author of “The Secret Life of Groceries: The Dark Miracle of the American Supermarket.” @benjaminlorr Spending time outdoors By Dana Milbank This pandemic has been for the birds. No, really. Shortly after the world shut down in March 2020, I was gardening in the backyard when I heard a loud flapping sound above. A helicopter? No, the invader was a wild turkey, and it had landed, awkwardly, in my American elm tree. City-dweller that I am, I hadn’t known turkeys could fly that high. With human activity at a standstill, nature was reclaiming the capital in magical ways. This lost year has been miserable: over half a million dead, millions out of work, and countless more feeling isolated and depressed. Count me among the last group. But I’m grateful that the confinement forced me to rediscover nature. Research shows that time spent outdoors reduces stress and improves concentration, but my rationale was less noble: I had nowhere else to go. In the (touch and go) effort to keep sane, I’ve walked 765 miles, my AllTrails app tells me, through local parks; I use another app, LeafSnap, to identify plants. (A Japanese photinia? Wait, no, a Chinese photinia!) I’ve climbed Old Rag in Shenandoah National Park, hiked the Appalachian Trail in West Virginia, cycled on the C&O Canal in Maryland and paddled alongside dolphins off Delaware’s Cape Henlopen. In winters before the pandemic, I enjoyed the great outdoors primarily through windows. This time I pulled on wool socks and YakTrax and crunched through mud and ice. Kayaking on the Anacostia River in late February, I came upon a bald eagle taking a bath near the New York Avenue Bridge. A few weeks later, I found a great blue heron fishing in the shadow of RFK Stadium. And just a few days ago, downriver in Anacostia Park: a whole flock of wild turkeys. Without thinking, I gave them a friendly wave. These are my pandemic pals. Dana Milbank is a Washington Post opinion columnist covering national politics. @milbank �Speaking of walking outdoors �Here I am at the end of this stand of trees, in a newly discovered cemetary. �The cruise. After the church and the dancing we got back on the bus and drove to the Alfonso CortesCorinto History Museum. I took many photos of the artifacts. Here’s just a few. ������And no, I have no idea. I couldn’t read the cards because they were all in Spanish. Craig’s adventure tomorrow. Oliver �Working... �Wait for �it....... �Ta Da! See you tomorrow. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2021-05-06_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-421 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-06 Title A name given to the resource Day 421 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c78c51ac519a705cc04961f98ace8d18.pdf 96aefc41d81aaad3fd34f9a1a3444736 PDF Text Text Day 422. by windoworks Yesterday I was talking via FaceTime to my counselor (yes, I have a counselor, and yes, I speak to her every week - its one of the ways I attempt to keep myself sane). Anyway, she noticed that the wall behind me was bare. Its a sign of what our house is beginning to look like. I keep taking small things down from places all around the house and giving them to Craig to pack away. I am so worried I will forget something. Craig has moved to practicing his saxophone in the spare room closet which still has enough stuff in it to help muffle the sound. The rooms are so bare, they echo. I wonder if I will have forgotten about some of my treasures by the time I unpack them again, much later this year. �But now, two awards: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer has been named one of seven John F. Kennedy Library Foundation’s Profile in Courage Award recipients for her effort to address the COVID-19 pandemic. “It is my honor to accept this prestigious award on behalf of every Michigander who stepped up to help their family and community through the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Whitmer through a statement. Woo hoo Governor! And also: So proud of these Michigan women. Remember I told you about a huge increase in gun sales? Here’s a story from CNN: Troubling incidents of school-related violence rattled two communities yesterday. In Rigby, Idaho, a sixth-grader allegedly pulled a handgun out of her backpack and started shooting in a hallway, injuring two fellow students and an adult. The district superintendent said an event like this is the "worst nightmare a school system can face." In Columbia, South Carolina, a Fort Jackson trainee is in custody after allegedly hijacking a school bus full of students on its way to an elementary school. According to video and the sheriff, the suspect boarded the bus, held a rifle to the driver and told him to drive to the next town. The 18 children on board and the driver weren't hurt. The suspect faces kidnapping, armed robbery, carjacking and other charges. �Last night about 9:15pm I heard a series of pops outside. Immediately my Facebook feed had questions about gunfire somewhere close by. It could have been fireworks but who goes out of their house to investigate? Not me. And so to the virus. First up, a truly worrying story from Japan. Craig and I are transiting through Japan on our way to Australia: Bloomberg: A petition calling to cancel the Tokyo Olympics gathered support in Japan on Friday, as the government prepared to extend the state of emergency in the city and beyond to control the spread of the virus. A Change.org petition titled “Cancel the Tokyo Olympics to protect our lives” had gained more than 200,000 supporters by late afternoon. “The spread of the virus has not been stopped at all in Tokyo, the rest of the country or the world,” the petition reads. “Vaccination is so far limited to certain regions like the U.S. and Europe, so it is not a definitive way of stopping infections. Are we going to hold the Tokyo Olympics even if it puts lives and jobs in danger?” Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga has been determined to press ahead with the Tokyo Games, already delayed a year due to the pandemic, billing the sporting extravaganza as an opportunity to declare victory over the virus. Voters disagree. A survey by the Asahi newspaper last month found just 28% wanted the event to go ahead in July, while 34% wanted it postponed again and 35% wanted it canceled outright. Several regions of Japan have had problems staging their legs of the Olympic torch relay, while participants including celebrities have in many cases dropped out. The governor of the southwestern prefecture of Fukuoka, Seitaro Hattori, on Thursday became the latest local leader to say that carrying out the relay would be extremely difficult, Jiji Press reported. The campaign for cancellation comes as Japan struggles to vaccinate its people -- it has immunized less than 2% of the total population, according to data collected by Bloomberg, the least among OECD countries and behind places like Myanmar, Bangladesh and Rwanda. Meanwhile......... �CNN: About 185 million Americans could be fully vaccinated by September, according to the latest vaccination models. That’s roughly 88% of the adult population, but experts say it's a race against time to fend off a winter surge as virus variants like the one driving the crisis in India become more prominent. Booster shots may also be needed in the coming months to keep up immunity. India reported 414,188 new Covid-19 cases today, a new daily high. Brazil has topped 15 million Covid-19 cases, but there’s some hope on the horizon after the government announced it will buy an extra 100 million Pfizer vaccine doses. �Crammed hospitals in India. You know me. I could talk for hours about the importance of masking in public venues, getting vaccinated, yadda, yadda, yadda. But you’ve heard it all before so I’ll refrain. Instead, here are the last 3 changes to life from Washington Post: Being bored By Benjamin Storey and Jenna Storey According to the philosopher Blaise Pascal, “Our unhappiness arises from one thing alone — that we cannot remain quietly in our rooms.” Terrified by the prospect of boredom, we work to make the most of every minute. When the shutdown first hit, our nerves twitched restlessly in the absence of our usual occupations — schlepping the kids, scheduling meetings, squeezing in a few minutes at the gym. So we redeployed our spreadsheets to track toilet paper shipments and strategized about evading the banana rationing. Then, having armed ourselves with an embarrassing excess of supplies, we faced hours we could not instrumentalize. So we lived with boredom. As it settled in, we started to notice things — odd neighbors, old friends we rediscovered online, books we’d loved but largely forgotten. We sprawled on the floor with our children, following the questions that wander through young minds: What happens if you sneeze in a submarine? �Do beans have souls? Such childlike questioning, untethered to time, contains a lesson. Children can be maddeningly indifferent to the clock — folding their socks can take them five minutes or five hours. They delight in time, precisely because they do not mind it. The shutdown taught us that boredom is the narrow portal through which we must pass to become present in the moment, as children are. And that such presence brings happiness. Ironically, the shutdown produced innovations — like remote work even on “snow days,” formerly a gift of unplanned time — that make disconnecting from the press of obligations all the harder. So, unless we remember the hidden benefits that boredom brings, our liberation from quarantine will trap us ever more tightly in the joyless empire of busyness. Benjamin Storey and Jenna Storey are the authors of “Why We Are Restless: On the Modern Quest for Contentment.” Telecommuting By Sam Schwartz I grew up in the 1950s watching Disney cartoons. Years later, after driving a New York taxicab and then working as a New York City traffic engineer, a familiar image kept coming up from one of those cartoons: “Motor Mania,” wherein the Goofy character, under the alias Mr. Walker, begins his day as a genteel suburbanite heading downtown. But when he gets behind the wheel, his fangs come out and he morphs into Mr. Wheeler — a road-rage-driven monster. As soon as he gets out of his car, he’s Mr. Nice Guy again. Sound familiar? With any luck, post-pandemic life will mean that more of us will continue working from home, leaving more of us as Walkers — not harried, angry Wheelers. Road rage didn’t go away during the pandemic (and sadly the rate per mile driven of traffic fatalities jumped by 20 percent). But for those of us fortunate enough to be able to work from home, mostly, we didn’t encounter it. I’m sure that, like me, a lot of us have been relieved to skip the daily battle on our streets and highways, time spent getting to jobs that can easily, thankfully be done from the comfort of home. So, before we reflexively return to rush hours, gridlock and jousting with less-than-competent drivers, let’s savor (and maybe keep) what may be these last few weeks as Mr. or Ms. Walker before going back to being twice-daily Mr. or Ms. Wheelers. “Gridlock Sam” Schwartz is a former New York City traffic commissioner and the author of “No One at the Wheel: Driverless Cars and the Road of the Future.” @GridlockSam Better home cooking By Carolina Gelen As someone working in food media, I noticed a surge in demand for content during the pandemic. Some people struggled to find any pleasure in putting food on the table. For others, staying at home clearly helped them discover a new passion. �So many people were drawn to cooking — and experimenting — in their kitchens. Sometimes this was out of necessity: They’d panic-bought some random ingredients during a quick grocery run and now had to improvise. Other times, people cooked to feel connected, taking online workshops to meet fellow enthusiasts and to chat with their favorite chefs. They saw a viral food trend on Instagram or TikTok, so they joined in making hot chocolate bombs and baked feta pasta. They missed a dessert from their favorite restaurant, so they had to re-create it. People started to pick up techniques that they used to get only from professional bakeries or coffee shops: mastering the mysterious alchemy of feeding a sourdough starter or foaming milk for a beautifully elaborate latte. When every day looks exactly the same as the last, paying attention to simple things — making better coffee in the morning, planning a fancy homemade dinner for you and your partner, decorating a layer cake — helps relieve the cabin fever. I hope that sense of care and adventurousness lives on, even after people feel free to dine out. Carolina Gelen is a recipe developer and Food52 resident. Instagram: @carolinagelen Those last words touched a chord in me: When every day looks exactly the same as the last, paying attention to simple things — making better coffee in the morning, planning a fancy homemade dinner for you and your partner, decorating a layer cake — helps relieve the cabin fever. I don’t know about you, but I began baking the plain bread and fruit bread we eat every day for breakfast. This morning Craig said the magic words: thats the last of the fruit toast. Lunch and dinner are two milestones in each day and are always thoughtfully considered. And after a friend told me she found gluten free couscous in her local supermarket, I went online and ordered 2 boxes and at the same time 3 bags of GF toasted stir fry noodles, and very accidentally, 8 (yes 8) boxes of Red Lobster’s famous cheese biscuit mix because they sell a gluten free version. I’m not sure how I ordered 8 boxes, but I made one box up yesterday and they’re really good. Only 7 more boxes to go. I have to step away from Amazon. Here’s a word from Liz Cheney, the sole voice of reason in the Republican Party: ‘Trump is seeking to unravel critical elements of our constitutional structure that make democracy work’. Or in other words from the insane recount in Arizona under very suspicious circumstances: ��Crooked Media: The Justice Department has written to Arizona’s Republican Senate President Karen Fann to express concerns about the chaotic GOP-backed election audit in Maricopa County. Ballots and voting systems were removed from the custody of election officials—a potential violation of federal law—and handed over to the profoundly unqualified contractor Cyber Ninjas, which has been just…leaving those things laying around. (When it’s not putting them under UV lights, for no clear reason.) Cyber Ninjas also said it would be knocking on doors to “confirm” voter registration addresses, which, the DOJ wrote, sounds a bit like illegal voter intimidation. I really have reached the ‘no words’ moment with the Republicans. I don’t think they’re actually practicing politics. If this was a sci-fi film I had paid money to see, I’d be demanding my money back - and the 4th season of The Handmaid is starting to look alarmingly feasible. I will continue the cruise flashback tomorrow but here’s some Oliver photos to compensate: ���See you tomorrow. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2021-05-07_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-422 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-07 Title A name given to the resource Day 422 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e81aee1b33acf5eb0c1a98bd5b07668a.pdf f259da8cb7c05ba8f1cce89dafd9b8f0 PDF Text Text Day 423. Saturday May 8 by windoworks Well its been a busy week. Yesterday we drove out to Grand Valley State University and Craig photocopied a document in the deserted Honors College. Then we went to Facilities where Craig dropped his key and his keycard. And just like that, his time at GVSU was over. It was an odd feeling. I had entered ArtPrize on about the 3rd year. My piece was a large 4 panned window collage, titled “beyond here lie monsters’. Each pane was an element of deep space. It was an homage to Big History and the title came from ancient world maps. The map makers didn’t know what lay beyond the edges of their known world and so they wrote that cautionary phrase. We do not really know what lies beyond the scope of the Hubble Telescope - maybe monsters. Craig loved this window and so he bought it from me and took it out to his office at GVSU. Craig and I have decided to formally donate this Art Prize piece to GVSU. That way, the Art Galleries will process it, add a placard or whatever to it, and take care of it in perpetuity. ��The sitting Vice President It seems that being in charge and in power is all the Republicans care about. Oh that, and money, and did I mention power? And of course, money. It is terrible to think that what I believe and how I vote doesn’t matter to this political party. We all have to vote for them or no one. And once in power, they will control this country completely. Think about that. �Moving on. NPR Troll-hunter alert in Boothbay, Maine: This summer, five ginormous monsters are taking up residence at the Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens, courtesy of artist Thomas Dambo. These gentle giants are the newest additions to his tribe of dozens of trolls now inhabiting mountains, forests and parks around the world, from China to Puerto Rico. Think Where the Wild Things Are meets "Three Billy Goats Gruff" — the 15to 30-foot-high sculptures made out of scrap wood have earned Dambo the title "one of the most prominent recycle artists in the world." On a recent day in the Maine woods, a small army of Geppettos in hoodies saws, drills and hammers away �at the massive body of the "root troll," as Dambo refers to it. Standing on ladders or perched on the troll itself, they fasten hundreds of pieces of wood of various shapes and sizes onto an interior frame. The wood comes from all over: discarded shipping pallets from a hardware store, scraps from a nearby lumber yard and debris from fallen trees. Birk, as Dambo eventually names him, stands 30 feet high. His sprawling limbs stretch 30 feet wide. His feet alone are almost as tall as I am. Nearby, a massive pile of twigs and branches will be sculpted to form Birk's beard. ��Aren’t these fantastic! Here’s a cheering piece: News & Guts: For residents at one West Palm Beach, Florida apartment complex, the Trump name represented way more drama and notoriety than they were interested in. Which is why the condo formerly known as Trump Plaza has been renamed The Plaza. Tenants at the dual-tower complex on the Intracoastal Waterway, with condos that sell for between $1-4 million, voted for the renaming shortly after the Jan. 6 Insurrection. The Condo board had already sent out an email advising that a name change would be beneficial to protecting property values, a sign that the Trump brand name was toxic. Jeff Barr, the head of the condo association said his neighbors wanted no part of the constant controversy surrounding the former president. “The residents preferred a name for the condo that was generic, low-key and didn’t attract attention of any kind. Our original name of ‘The Plaza’ filled that need.” Every day, Craig and I seem to battle an overwhelming sense of fatigue. We both sleep pretty well (our new mattress is comfortable) but for some reason we are exhausted by 9pm each night. Here’s an explanatory piece from NPR: In recent weeks, Dr. Kali Cyrus has struggled with periods of exhaustion. "I am taking a nap in between patients," says Cyrus, a psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins University. "I'm going to bed earlier. It's hard to even just get out of bed. I don't feel like being active again." Exhaustion is also one of the top complaints she hears from her patients these days. They say things like, "It's just so hard to get out of bed" or "I've been misplacing things more often," she says. Some patients tell Cyrus they've been making mistakes at work. Some tell her they can "barely turn on the TV. 'All I want to do is stare at the ceiling.' " Others say they are more irritable. While some people who have had COVID-19 report brain fog and fatigue as lingering symptoms of their infection — what's known as long COVID — mental health care providers around the U.S. are hearing similar complaints from people who weren't infected by the virus. And many providers, like Cyrus, are feeling it themselves. This kind of mental fog is real and can have a few different causes. But at the root of it are the stress and trauma of the past year, say Cyrus and other mental health experts. It's a normal reaction to a very abnormal year. And while many people will likely continue to struggle with mental health symptoms in the long run, research on past mass traumas suggests that most people will recover once the coronavirus pandemic ends. Long-term anxiety can also exhaust the body. We evolved as creatures, people that run from predators in the animal kingdom.To have anxiety as a way to predict and run from threat. When we're anxious, our hearts race and our muscles tense up as we prepare to fight a predator or run from it. But you can only run �a 100-yard dash for a short amount of time. Not a year, and not a year where they keep moving the finish line. We can't do that. Eventually our muscles and our body say, 'No, I'm tired.' New Zealand will lift the temporary halt in the Trans Tasman bubble between NZ and New South Wales later today. Evidently there have been no new cases in Sydney and the mask mandate etc., in Sydney, will lift on Monday. Here’s a chart of vaccinations in NZ: ��After starting small it does seem to be on track to climb fast. In moving across to the other side of the world developments: I now have a joint bank account in Australia with zero funds because the bank has to eyeball us before allowing us to transfer funds into the account. Really? Craig is working his way steadily through the mountain of paperwork to be pre approved for a mortgage. And a friend of Zoe’s (and ours) has an AirB&B apartment under her house which she has offered to us at a reasonable rent while we organize a new house. We have reached that moment where we are discussing plans for the first month out of jail, er, I mean quarantine. And if anyone’s counting, its 50 days until we move out of this house and into a nearby hotel. Last night we watched the next episode of Gardeners World. As always I found it cheering and calming and I wish we had a big property for Craig to play with. I have been watching Grand Designs, a program where people build or refurbish impossible buildings. They always run far over the deadline and the project nearly always runs over budget. Last night I watched 2 men refurbish and extend an abandoned water tower in the heart of London. I enjoy watching these programs but I couldn’t take the stress of doing one myself. So, to Craig’s excursion in Corinto. Cerro Negro is an active volcano in the Cordillera de los Maribios mountain range in Nicaragua, about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the village of Malpaisillo. It is a very new volcano, the youngest in Central America, having first appeared in April 1850. It consists of a gravelly basaltic cinder cone, which contrasts greatly with the surrounding verdant hillsides, and gives rise to its name, which means Black Hill. Cerro Negro has erupted frequently since its first eruption. One unusual aspect of several eruptions has been the emission of ash from the top of the cone, while lava erupts from fractures at the base. Wikipedia �At the bottom - thats Cerro Negro behind �Craig �Ascending - wow, thats steep! At the top �The �crater The view from the top �About to descend. That tiny yellow box down the bottom is the bus �Looking back up from the bottom. Tomorrow, Puerto Quetzal in Guatemala. Oliver had a haircut - his first one at a hairdressers. ��With his short �back and sides That’s all folks! Tomorrow then. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2021-05-08_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-423 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-08 Title A name given to the resource Day 423 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1685065fd95285faa0466497ab5a8e87.pdf 837977bba504f6fee94e3fa2bdbbf7e3 PDF Text Text Day 424. 7 weeks more to live in this house. by windoworks Happy Mothers Day. I remember my mother saying those time honored words: wait til you’re a mother then you’ll understand! Did I say them to my own daughter? Probably. Although Mum’s words sounded ominous, they also promised wonderful things. There is nothing that compares to motherhood for fantastic highs and mind grinding lows. And you have to take it all, the good and the bad. But even after all the sleepless nights and tiresome days, you would fight to the death to keep your children and the unmitigated joy they deliver to you, over and over. It is one of the greatest gifts of my life. Yesterday was not our shining hour. Sometimes so many things happen in a single day that you just have to shrug your shoulders and laugh. Craig has taken over doing the washing because I have had a lot of back pain and reaching down - well you get the idea. As he put the laundry pod container back on the table, he accidentally knocked over a bottle of lavender oil without noticing, and it rolled along the table, fell onto the basement concrete floor and smashed. Did I mention it was an almost full bottle of lavender oil? I think the aroma filtered out on to the street! The thing about lavender oil is you just have to wait for it to ease off. This morning it seems hardly noticeable but yesterday there was nowhere inside you could escape it! As the day progressed, next, Craig realized he was woefully underdressed in shorts and a rain jacket for our walk in the freezing wind; copied our credit cards etc into one long PDF which he couldn’t separate out, so had to start over again; discovered another form from the Australian bank which needs to be signed in person; realized he had packed the car documents (needed for the sale of our car) in a packing box at the bottom of the three deep and ten wide box pile; and crowned the day by forgetting to fill the gas cylinder which meant the grilled chicken for dinner had to be oven roasted instead. All this is just an indication of how stressed, anxious and brain fogged we both are. Ahh pandemic! So what else is happening? From Washington Post: Former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights during the arrest that led to his death. The federal charges could add additional time in prison or other penalties for the four former officers, independent of state-level convictions. One, Derek Chauvin, was found guilty of murder and manslaughter in a state trial that focused on his use of force in Floyd’s death. The three others — J. Alexander Kueng, Thomas Lane and Tou Thao — are facing state charges of aiding and abetting seconddegree murder and manslaughter, in a trial set to begin in late August. Also from Washington Post: Ransomware attack leads to shutdown of key pipeline system, U.S. official says. The system carries 45% of fuel consumed on East Coast. Federal law enforcement and homeland security officials do not yet know �whether the attack on Colonial Pipeline was carried out by foreign government hackers or a criminal group. That’s disturbing. Perhaps we need to concentrate more on alternate forms of fuel. This next one is very interesting. Will this lead to independence for Scotland? A severing with the rest of the United Kingdom? Washington Post: Pro-independence parties poised to win majority in Scottish election, setting up clash with Boris Johnson over referendum. “The only people who can decide the future of Scotland are the Scottish people — no Westminster politician can or should stand in the way of that,” said Scottish National Party leader Nicola Sturgeon, who is expected to remain Scotland First Minister. And after panicking about where the Chinese rocket debris would land: Washington Post: Debris from Chinese space rocket booster reenters atmosphere over the Indian Ocean near the Maldives, Chinese authorities report. The Long March husk, at 21 metric tons and almost 100 feet long, was one of the largest objects to ever reenter Earth’s atmosphere on an uncontrolled trajectory. There were no immediate reports of damage. Does that mean reports of damage will come later? And am I selfish to be grateful it didn’t come down anywhere me? In the midst of all this, astronauts are being trained to go to the moon. Perhaps I’m naive, but I thought we had already done that. At the same time, research continues into electrons and muons. While most of us try to get through each day successfully (not break anything or damage ourselves; eat and sleep and converse with others) there is a group of people working on those areas of life I find hard to comprehend I am impressed but I’m not sure I understand it. Here’s a piece from scitechdaily: We know there are things that must exist outside of the Standard Model because it cannot describe everything that we know about the universe and its evolution. For example, it does not explain the prevalence of matter over antimatter in the universe, and it doesn’t say anything about dark matter or many other things, so we know it’s incomplete. And we’ve tried very hard to understand what these things might be, but we haven’t found anything concrete yet. And in case you didn’t know: The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, and not including gravity) in the universe, as well as classifying all known elementary particles. Wikipedia �Well thats the end of the science lesson for today. And this next thing is both a warning and will make you laugh; CNN; Four-year-old Noah Ruiz loves two things: Popsicles and SpongeBob. And when he discovered both objects of his passion had been combined into one fruity and delicious icy treat, he did the only sensible thing: he ordered them. To be exact, he ordered 918 of them. From his mom's Amazon Prime account. Without telling her. Noah's mom, Jennifer Bryant, had let Noah use her laptop for remote learning when his iPad wasn't working. She was busy in another room when Noah evidently navigated his way into her Amazon Prime account, which she shares with her sister who lives nearby. Noah eating one of his 918 SpongBob popsicles Does Noah’s mum have a freezer big enough to keep them all frozen? Our next port was Puerto Quetzal in Guatemala. By this point I was not feeling well. I had a dreadful cough and the heat outside was awful. We had a balcony on our cabin and I tried to jam the door open. It just made the air conditioning work harder. It was at this point that I realized that I was cruised out. I didn’t think I had Covid-19, I had no temperature and my lungs weren’t congested. I stayed mostly in the cabin while Craig went on an excursion to Iximche, about 2 hours bus ride from the port. Iximcheʼ is a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archaeological site in the western highlands of Guatemala. Iximche was the capital of the Late Postclassic Kaqchikel Maya kingdom from 1470 until its abandonment in 1524. The architecture of the site included a number of pyramid-temples, palaces and two Mesoamerican ballcourts. Excavators uncovered the poorly preserved remains of painted murals on some �of the buildings and ample evidence of human sacrifice. The ruins of Iximche were declared a Guatemalan National Monument in the 1960s. For many years the Kaqchikel served as loyal allies of the Kʼicheʼ Maya.The growing power of the Kaqchikel within the alliance eventually caused such friction that the Kaqchikel were forced to flee the Kʼicheʼ capital and found the city of Iximche.The Kaqchikel established their new capital upon an easily defensible ridge almost surrounded by deep ravines.Iximche developed quickly as a city and within 50 years of its foundation it had reached its maximum extent. The rulers of Iximche were four principal lords drawn from the four main clans of the Kaqchikel, although it was the lords of the Sotzʼil and Xahil clans who held the real power. Wikipedia There’s more but you can research it for yourself. Remains of the central plaza and the temple with steep and narrow steps �The main temple and more steep steps �A sacrificial stone where I think the human sacrifices took place. �The Royal Palace �The ball court. The ball game was an important ritual in Mayan and Aztec culture. Players had to get a heavy rubber ball through a ring on the side of the court using only their head and shoulders and not their hands. Players who lost the game often lost their lives as well. They sometimes played one on one and sometimes small teams. It was similar to gladiator games in Rome - players often played to the death. So not basketball, then. �A general view. �The view of the dock from our �cabin I did venture across after lunch to the visitors center and sat and listened to this excellent band for a while. Oliver. In line with Mothers Day, here’s a photo Zoe posted �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2021-05-09_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-424 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-09 Title A name given to the resource Day 424 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/581390e5076f8ca7ee42cde8d4be3a83.pdf a705c9cd3bd78e8cd74bb14c0c256898 PDF Text Text Day 425. 8 weeks left. by windoworks I was sitting here this morning and I realized that it was so quiet outside and thats become normal. We have had the windows open for about a month now and in former years there would be the sound of people walking by or children talking or laughing while waiting for the school bus. It has been quiet for 14 months now. Of course our neighbors come out and work on their gardens and we chat then, but it isn’t the same. Yesterday Craig’s colleague’s daughter who is a ballet apprentice here in Grand Rapids, came to go for a walk with Craig and then sit on the front porch for a cup of tea with us. Afterwards, we took her inside to show her the house and because all 3 of us were fully vaccinated, we didn’t wear our masks. That’s a big step forward. Later in the day Craig and I packed up the quiche I had made and a small bottle of Proseco to share and we drove out to Grand Haven to park facing the beach and eat our Mothers Day supper. ��We have been to the lake all through this last year. We have waded in the water in the summer and walked through the woods on the shoreline. Through the fall and winter and now the spring, we have driven to the lake in various places and sat and eaten lunch while we watched the waves, then the ice and the snow, and lastly the gradual melting until the beach was revealed again. There are always others in the cars beside us, eating their lunch or snack, talking to the other passengers or just sitting on their own, watching the waves. The lake has been a lifesaver for me. In my saddest moments I am always soothed by the water lapping or pounding on the shore. I am always cheered by its vast expanse. I know there are cities across the other side but I can’t see them or the container ships which ply the Great Lakes. I am so glad to have had 18 years of living near this huge lake. My friend Margaret and her husband drove to Maine to see their daughter and her family. Her daughter had bought them tickets for the Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens to see Thomas Dambo’s Giant Trolls. Remember I put some photos in the blog a few days ago? Margaret promised to send me some photos. Here they are: �����And just to show that authorities will use any venue to get you vaccinated: Science Alert: Visitors to Romania's forbidding Bran Castle, widely known as the inspiration for the lair of Dracula, are being jabbed with needles rather than vampiric fangs this weekend in a coronavirus vaccination drive. "I came to visit the castle with my family and when I saw the poster I gathered up my courage and agreed to get the injection," said 39-year-old engineer Liviu Necula. Those who take the jab are handed a certificate hailing their "boldness and responsibility" promising they will be welcome at the castle "for the coming 100 years" - as well as offered a free tour of the "torture chamber". Nestled in a misty valley in the Carpathian mountains, Bran Castle is associated with the 15th-century Romanian prince Vlad Tepes, known as "the Impaler", although he never stayed there. Dracula author Bram Stoker is believed to have been inspired by Vlad and descriptions of Bran Castle when writing his 1897 novel that helped found the modern vampire genre. Romania's government has turned to local vaccination drives and 24-hour "marathons" at major venues like the National Library in Bucharest to get as many citizens as possible immunized. Well how about here in the US? Here’s an important milestone: News & Guts: Pfizer and BioNTech asked the Food and Drug Administration Friday for full approval of the companies' Covid-19 vaccine. If approved, it would be the first Covid-19 vaccine in the United States to hold that distinction. The vaccine was the first to be granted an emergency use authorization, or EUA, in December, for use in the U.S. Vaccines can only be authorized in this manner during public health emergencies — in this case, the Covid-19 pandemic. Indeed, all Covid-19 vaccines currently in use in the U.S. are being administered through EUAs. A biologics license application — needed for full approval of a drug or vaccine — requires six months of data. “We are proud of the tremendous progress we’ve made since December in delivering vaccines to millions of Americans, in collaboration with the U.S. Government,” Pfizer chairman and CEO Albert Bourla said in �a statement Friday announcing the application. “We look forward to working with the FDA to complete this rolling submission and support their review, with the goal of securing full regulatory approval of the vaccine in the coming months,” he added. If the FDA signs off, Pfizer will be able to market the vaccine. Full approval may also make vaccine mandates "a little more feasible," said John Grabenstein, a former executive director of medical affairs for vaccines at Merck and a former Department of Defense immunologist. An approval could help employers decide, for example, whether to require employees get vaccinated before going back into the workplace. The FDA is expected to take several weeks to review the application. In a general roundup, there’s this: CNN: The US is finally turning the corner on the pandemic, experts say. And if more Americans get vaccinated, we could see a big drop in coronavirus cases and deaths this summer. In India, health workers are racing to administer vaccines as hundreds of thousands of new cases continue to be reported every day. Only about 2.75% of India’s 1.3 billion-strong population is fully vaccinated. And remember, the Tokyo Olympics are still supposed to go on this summer. Japan’s vaccine rollout is not going as quickly as the country anticipated, and Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga says it is up to the International Olympic Committee to decide whether the Games will go ahead. I just have to point out that after months of arguing and Prime Minister Suga insisting that the Olympic Games would go ahead, in the midst of most Japanese citizens saying no, he has finally passed the ball to the International Olympic Committee - so all the blame and recriminations can fall on them. At this time it appears that Japan has vaccinated 1.7% of its population. That’s a tiny number. In the US the CDC records 260M people vaccinated. As the US has a population of 331M, it seems that over 2/3 of the population have had at least one dose. And it is making a difference. In Michigan, on April 14 we had 9, 353 new cases. On Saturday we recorded 2,519 new cases. In just under a month, that is a whopping change. This tells me that the only way forward is to vaccinate, vaccinate, vaccinate. From The Guardian: It could take years to fully vaccinate Australia against Covid-19 unless there is a significant increase in the vaccination rate, a Guardian Australia analysis shows. The federal government’s rollout strategy aims to administer 45M vaccine doses, not including vaccines for those aged under 18. At the seven-day rolling average of under 36,000, it could take almost 40 months to accomplish. Even a doubling of that rate wouldn’t see the rollout completed until the end of next year. I think that’s just the first dose administered. That’s really alarming. This week the US government rolls out the new Pfizer vaccine for 12 - 15 year olds. My neighbors have got their daughter’s name down already. Plus, I believe either Pfizer or Moderna are working on a vaccine for 6 months to 11 years. I am �gobsmacked by this intense 24/7 working routine by scientists. Pfizer is already adapting the rMNA formula for addressing cancers. This morning I read a fascinating article about how the Google office is changing. It was much too long to condense but there were inflatable cubicle walls, round pods for face to face and online meetings, large tent structures for outside work spaces etc. It all looked amazing and reassuring at the same time. My two youngest children work approximately 2- 3 days from home and 2 days a week in the office. Companies are selling or leasing some of their buildings as they just don’t need all that office space anymore. Oh, and locally, you can tell summer is coming because all the restaurants and cafes have packed up their winter igloos and glasshouses and put out the tables and umbrellas instead. I imagine those igloos and glasshouses will come out again next winter. And it wouldn’t be my blog without some nod to politics: News & Guts: “Right now, it’s basically the Titanic. We’re like, you know, in this in the middle of this slow sink, we have a band playing on the deck telling everybody it’s fine. And meanwhile, as I’ve said, you know, Donald Trump’s running around trying to find women’s clothing and get on the first lifeboat.” Rep. Adam Kinzinger (R-IL) And this really made me laugh. Do these amazingly stupid politicians not think? Oh I just answered my own question. AP: Miami-based Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings is threatening to keep its ships out of Florida after the governor signed legislation banning businesses from requiring that customers show proof of vaccination against COVID-19. The company says the law signed by Gov. Ron DeSantis is at odds with guidelines from federal health authorities that would let cruise ships sail in U.S. waters if nearly all passengers and crew members are vaccinated. “It is a classic state-versus-federal-government issue,” said Norwegian’s CEO, Frank Del Rio. “Lawyers believe that federal law applies and not state law, but I’m not a lawyer. And we hope that this doesn’t become a legal football or a political football.”The company owns Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises and Regent Seven Seas Cruises. Del Rio told analysts during the company’s quarterly earnings call Thursday that if the company can’t operate in Florida, it can go to other states or the Caribbean “for ships that otherwise would have gone to Florida … we certainly hope it doesn’t come to that.” Del Rio said the company is still discussing the matter with DeSantis’ office. Last month, DeSantis signed an order banning businesses from requiring customers to show proof of vaccination and prohibiting state agencies from issuing so-called vaccine passports that document COVID19 vaccinations and test results. This week, he signed legislation that includes the provision about businesses and gives him power to overrule local measures related to the pandemic, such as mask �mandates. DeSantis said the order and the legislation were matters of preserving individual freedom and privacy. On Friday, the governor’s office did not immediately respond to the Norwegian Cruise Line CEO’s comments. I’ll save the next port for tomorrow but of course I’ll add an Oliver photo! Today I’d like to end with this - just to remind us all: �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2021-05-10_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-425 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-10 Title A name given to the resource Day 425 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2f26e57f31b72993b1f6c930bb40cd82.pdf 9232857a807e0be94b283b49ddb42ec0 PDF Text Text Day 426. Its Blursday. by windoworks Now that Craig is retired I have even less idea what day it is. It is actually Tuesday and I know that because I have an Amazon delivery due. This morning we talked about walking to a nearby cafe for coffee (outside) and even perhaps walking to eat dinner outside somewhere close in the days ahead. Part of me just wants to stay inside, safe and sound, because thats worked so well so far. But more of me is feeling bound, constricted, shut away, and I’m tired of it. I can hear myself moaning, but I wonder if you read about me moaning - will you feel free to moan yourself? This has been a journey, you and I. We have struggled through the worst year any of us could imagine and we are still here, soldiering on. We are cautiously emerging into a world we almost don’t recognize; some of us have family and friends who are gone - taken by the virus. Yesterday Craig had coffee with 2 ex students who are now graduated and some years in the workforce. One of them said she had friends who refused to get vaccinated and as a fully vaccinated person, she was finding it very hard to continue the friendship. The news today is terrible. Well, isn’t it always, I hear you ask. As someone who scans all sorts of news sources, there are definitely days that are better than others. So here we go, some good, some bad: CNN: The Pfizer vaccine will now be available to kids ages 12 to 15 after the FDA expanded its emergency use authorization. Pediatricians and pharmacies could start administering the shots as early as Thursday. Experts say getting young teens vaccinated could make a huge difference in snuffing out the pandemic. In India, the country’s ongoing coronavirus catastrophe is threatening to impact the world economy. Analysts are rethinking their predictions for India’s growth this year, which is troubling after the country's recession last year. Not to mention, India and its ships and waterways are crucial for global supply chains. The country also typically produces more than 60% of all vaccines sold globally, but the largest vaccine maker there is shifting to focus on domestic needs. During the first tour I ever took here to the US from Australia, we were on a bus and on our way to New Orleans for the Jazz Festival, we visited Memphis Tennessee. We went there to visit Gracelands, Elvis Presley’s home - but thats another story. The bus driver drove us around Memphis for sightseeing and at one point we went around a large roundabout that had men and women dressed in clothing from the Civil War. I remember the driver replying to our questions: oh they didn’t lose the war - its still going on. And its still going on today. Here’s an extract from The Atlantic about slavery: Regardless of how these individuals fed the people that they owned, regardless of how they clothed them, regardless of if they never laid a hand on them, they were still sanctioning the system … You can’t say, ‘Hey, this person kidnapped your child, but they fed them well. They were a good person.’ How absurd does that sound?” But so many Americans simply don’t want to hear this, and if they do hear it, they �refuse to accept it. After the 2015 massacre of Black churchgoers in Charleston led to renewed questions about the memory and iconography of the Confederacy, Greg Stewart, another member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, told The New York Times, “You’re asking me to agree that my great-grandparent and great-great-grandparents were monsters.” So much of the story we tell about history is really the story we tell about ourselves. And yes, I suppose we are asking people to agree that their ancestors were perhaps not monsters, but condoned monstrous actions and lived in a monstrous way. Will we ever come to terms with past mistakes and strive to be better? Apparently not for the present Republican Party. They have decided authoritarian is the only way to go which rewards the rich and grasping and puts all lesser humans where they belong under their boot. The thing is, and I say this in all earnestness - everyone, no matter who they are, puts their pants on, one leg at a time. Another way to look at it is - we are all made of stardust. Yes, we are and shouldn’t that make us want to be better? Stars shine so brightly. We should aspire to shine too. As Joni Mitchell sang: We are stardust Billion year old carbon We are golden One of the questions from the Australian bank was: how much do you spend on groceries per week? Not knowing the answer for Australia, Craig asked his sister and his sister-in-law. The responses surprised us, not for the dollar amount but for the way they had both changed their diets. Both pairs eat far more chicken, fish and vegetables and very little red meat. Partly for health reasons but also because meat is now so expensive. Here’s an interesting and frankly, alarming, piece: Washington Post: Air pollution from farms leads to 17,900 U.S. deaths per year, study finds. A first-of-itskind analysis links thousands of premature deaths to ammonia, dust and other hazardous particles generated on U.S. farms. The research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences identifies animal-based foods like meat and dairy as the primary culprits, accountable for 80 percent of all food production-related mortality. But most of these deaths could be avoided if farmers better manage waste and fertilizer and Americans reduce their meat intake. The cruise. The next port was Huatulco, Mexico. There were many excursions but the one that Craig and I managed to get on was to swim with the dolphins at a dolphin park. It was a fantastic day. We were given a talk about the dolphins and then we got ready to swim with them. After the swim we had a wonderful Mexican lunch included. I am so glad I got to do this. ����Looking at those photos now, I remember what a fabulous experience that was. Dolphins are extremely social animals. The ones in this park were well looked after and very happy. You could also swim with the sharks but that sounded scary to me. Oliver. �He made a butterfly with paint (possibly using his hands by the look of them). �I’ll leave you with this (where there’s a will, there’s a way). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2021-05-11_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-426 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05-11 Title A name given to the resource Day 426 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/965cf06428bfea20cc5aafbf62b501d5.mp4 a241d78ba240fc7a91b428498a58ef24 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b88cdd4a18affbab25e19148a76e5c5d.pdf cb2fb6041de8b2b229e113f2ddcb24b1 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Don Bennett (01:14:08) (00:31) Background • (00:31) His full name is Don A. Bennett, he was born in Holburton, Michigan on January 23rd, 1925. Holburton is in the Upper Peninsula. • (01:05) He recalls a childhood trip out West, and vaguely remembers Old Faithful. • (01:19) His father owned a silver fox ranch. His grandfather had owned a lumber camp, and supervised four hundred lumberjacks. • (01:41) The camp was about three miles away from town, and the business ended in 1923 or 1924. His father started the ranch in 1924. • (02:10) They stayed in Holburton for awhile. Everything was fine until 1929 when the Great Depression started. He went to grade school in Holburton. • (02:35) He remembers getting candy from John Hunter. John Hunter owned most of the businesses in town, and helped pull loose teeth from children, and gave them candy. • (03:26) The school in Holburton only went as far as the eighth grade, which was one reason why his mother wanted them to move. The winters were terribly cold, and were made worse by the wind. They used a potbelly stove for heat; they burned wood in the stove. • (04:44) They were dirt poor in the Depression, and then they moved to Cheboygan. When he was in the fifth grade. This was either 1935 or 1936. He finished high school, and graduated in 1942 at the age of seventeen. • (05:26) He played baseball and football in high school. He went to the prom. He also was one of the stage managers for the senior play, which was an operetta and had gypsies. • (06:12) He heard about the Pearl Harbor attacks on the radio, and was not aware where Pearl Harbor was at the time. Some of their friends had been in the Navy. • (08:14) His date to the prom was Phyllis, whom he later married. She was a freshman during his senior. He met her through the baseball team. That year the freshman girls were prettier on average than the senior girls. Three or four of the seniors had freshman dates. Phyllis would still be in high school while he was in the Navy. • (09:28) He went to work at a paper mill, and went to Albion College. He borrowed the tuition money from a friend of the family. He made it through the first term, and did not do very well. • (10:22) He received birthday greetings from the president when he turned eighteen. He knew he would be drafted soon. He decided to drop out. • (11:35) In the frat houses, men would laugh when others were drafted. (12:25) Drafted/Training • (12:20) He was inducted in Detroit, and went through various kinds of tests. He was given the choice between Army or Navy and chose the Navy. �• (12:47) He went back home, and the next week reported to Great Lakes naval base. He traveled by train. The train was a regular passenger train, but he was on troop transports later on. He had not really traveled before, except for the trip out west and to Detroit for baseball. He met some of the Detroit Tigers, and Jimmy Bloodworth and Charlie Gehringer gave him tips on playing second base. • (14:44) His first thought at Great Lakes was “what’s next?” He was issued clothing, and stayed there for two or three days. Then he was sent to boot camp. He was in a company of eighty to one hundred, and basic training lasted for eight weeks. • (15:50) They marched, and exercised. He was assigned to pool duty. Some of the men had to learn how to swim, and he watched over them. • (16:50) He was next sent to “outgoing unit” for one week, and then to diesel school at Navy Pier. They had good weather at first, but it kept getting colder and the proximity to the lake only made the weather worse. • (17:37) At diesel school he learned how to operate a diesel engine. They mostly learned how to use the engines on the landing craft, which was where he probably would have been assigned if he had not been assigned to submarines. • (18:11) He and three friends at the Navy Pier decided to apply for submarine duty. Of the 1500 men at the base, 600 or so applied, and there were only fifty positions open. He was somewhat reluctant to serve on a submarine, but he decided to join his friends to stay with them. He was the only one who passed. • (19:53) He was next sent to the East Coast, to New London, Connecticut. He went into “Spritz’s Navy.” Spritz was a surly Navy Chief, and he ruled the school. Everyone hated him because of his personality. The sub school was much easier than Spritz’s Navy by contrast, which might have been the point. • (21:43) He had to have multiple physicals, and was given a psychiatric exam as standard procedure. The main reason for the exams was to make sure the men had compatible personalities since they would be working in such close quarters. • (23:00) He graduated from college after the war, on the GI Bill. Sub school was difficult, and nothing in college was anywhere near as difficult. They had to learn about all the systems on the ship—the error system, the water system, the hydraulic and the electrical system. They had to learn all the components of the tanks, and the functions of all the rooms. • (24:32) Sub school was intense, and class went on all day. It lasted twelve or sixteen weeks. Subs are called “boats” in the Navy, there is a logical reason, but he does not recall it. • (25:35) After graduated from sub school he went to diesel school, this time for submarines specifically. Diesel school was easier since he had already had the basics. • (26:29) Next he was sent to the West Coast. He spent five days on the Challenger, a troop train. They stopped to get meals at train stations from “Harvey Girls.” Harvey Girls were women who sold food at stations. While on the rails, the transports had to pull off to the side for freight trains, which had higher priority. • (27:54) He next went to Mare Island, near San Francisco. He was sent to Hunter’s Point and put into a relief crew. The relief crews prepared themselves for active duty while the active crews patrolled. He worked on two submarines, the first �was the Sunfish. (29:45) First Submarine Patrol • (29:45) After being assigned to the Sunfish, they went to Pearl Harbor in April of 1944. His first patrol began in June. They next went to Midway to re-fuel, and were escorted out of the harbor and went to the Kurile Islands. The Kurile Islands are a north of Japan, and stretch almost to the Aleutian Islands near Alaska. • (31:40) They patrolled off of Parmaceru, a Japanese air base. They were near the Russian peninsula of Kamchatka. It was a very cold, foggy area. They sank one lone ship, and also saw the raft of men who had been on the boat. The men claimed to be Russians, but they did not believe them and left them. • (33:14) Russian ships were supposed to travel in a straight course with their lights on. Japanese ships travelled with their lights off, and took evasive zigzag courses. The ship they had sunk had had the lights off, and was travelling in a zigzag pattern. • (34:02) Japan and Russia traded sometimes. Later, when the sub had come across the ships, they sent them a message: “IFF” which meant “Identify: Friend or Foe.” One ship identified as Russian, and one as Japanese. They fired on the Japanese ship, which took three torpedoes despite not being a warship. The ship sank in shallow water, and the mast was still above the surface. • (35:46) Later, there was a question of whether or not the ship had been in Russian waters or international waters. Nothing came of it, although the skipper had had to go to Pearl Harbor to discuss the matter. The Russians complained that the ship had been sunk in their territorial waters. • (36:31) They sunk three ships during that war patrol, and they also had a surface battle. During the surface battle, they used their guns instead of the torpedoes. They had a 4.0 inch gun, two 20mm guns, and a .50 caliber machine gun. The guns were kept inside the sub and attached to the railing when needed. Each gun had two men. • (37:44) The 20mm’s were near the tower, and the 4.0 inch gun was near the engine room. The cigarette deck was a portion of the tower deck that the men would go out on to smoke and have fresh air when they had permission. • (38:44) The first patrol was from July to August, and ended early because they ran out of torpedoes. They were often busy, but they did sometimes have quiet days. The patrols never lasted the full sixty days, which was the limit because of food and fuel limits. (40:19) Surface Battle/Rest periods • (40:19) Radar was key during the surface battle. They found fourteen or so enemy ships on their radar. They used their guns during the battle and sank all the enemy ships. The battle lasted about an hour or an hour and a half. During the battle, their periscope was shot, and their radio antenna was damaged. • (41:28) The small guns inflicted more damage on the enemy than the larger guns. The enemy ships were thirteen sampans (supply ships), and one trawler which had guns. • (42:30) They went to Midway after the surface battle. They went to a rest camp for a while. There wasn’t much to do, so they mostly watched “gooney birds”--- �albatrosses. The birds were clumsy fliers and were amusing to watch. They had a beer ration, and went swimming and fishing as well. • (43:45) They had a two-week break after each patrol. Ideally, after each patrol about one fourth of the men was transferred to another submarine, so that the entire crew was replaced every four patrols. However, some men were transferred out after one patrol, and one man stayed on for nine patrols. (44:56) Submarine Life • (44:56) They had to hide along the bottom of the ocean several times. They took about one thousand depth charges, of which seventy-five were particularly scary. They had a “lot of scary moments.” They also had to dodge kamikaze planes eight to ten times. • (46:27) Radar helped them avoid planes. They would wait until the last moment to dive, and would be fully submerged to avoid damage. • (47:24) They sometimes would go onto “silent running” and would put as many systems as possible on hold. They would also slow the screw to about forty rpms, and would speak very softly. Noise travels easily underwater, so they had to be very quiet to avoid detection. • (48:32) They usually operated in deep water, but sometimes they had to operate in shallow water. Shallow water was problematic because then the enemy could use depth charges more strategically—ordinarily they had to know where the sub was and at what depth. Shallow water eliminated one of the usual variables. • (49:28) The worst time was when they were being trailed by two ships. They had to go down to four hundred feet. They could hear the ships above them. A line of seven depth charges was dropped along them, and it created leaks in the torpedo room. The torpedo room was doubly sealed. • (50:51) The superstructure was damaged as well. The ship was put on “silent running.” • (51:34) The rough times usually did not last very long. • (52:09) Sinking a ship was always a joyous occasion, initially. It became very somber when they could hear the ships sinking and buckling, they knew that men were dying. It was a hard sound to listen to. • (53:02) During the war “no quarter” was given. He went on five patrols, four of which were successful. • (53:41) His battleflag shows forty-two enemy ships sunk. They were initially credited with sixteen based on Japanese records. Later, the practice of using Japanese records was abandoned because they were shown to be unreliable. • (55:00) The submarines operated more or less independently from the rest of the war effort. • (55:14) Their first mission was in the Kurile Islands. The next three were in the East China and Yellow Seas, near Korea and Shanghai. The fifth patrol was north of Tokyo, near Hokkaido. • (56:11) He was most afraid when they had to dive very deep. They went down to around four hundred and fifty feet, and they were pinned down by depth charges. The screws were slowed, and the slow speed made time drag by. • (57:38) They began to sink because of their slow speed. They could not keep afloat �• • • • • • • • • • • • at that speed. This was during their first or second patrol, he was an oiler. (58:20) He was sent to the lowest portion of the sub to check on the systems since water was coming in at a high speed. It was coming in so fast it could have cut his hands. The sub was at five hundred and fifty feet, but he was at about five hundred and eighty five. He could see the hull breathe from the pressure. He nearly gave up when he saw that. Eventually they escaped, and he was never sure how. He was frightened of the water pressure crushing them. He was nineteen at the time. (01:01:05) The Sunfish’s only major damage was to the periscope and radio tower. The other damage was due to the pressure, and was part of normal submarine wear and tear. Maintenance was performed at the end of the each patrol. Subs had soft plates to protect them. They had a thin outer hull, and a thicker inner hull. (1:02:19) He married on June 8th, 1945,while on leave. His wife came back by train to the base in California with him. She had written him many letters during the war. (01:03:25) The food on the sub was better than normal Navy fare, at least during the beginning of patrol. The fresher food was used up quickly, and after being refrigerated long enough the eggs would taste funny. (01:04:00 They had a baker, a cook, and some mess cooks. The officers ate the same food as the enlisted men. (01:04:26) The men served in three shifts, four hours on, eight hours off. The men were served meals according to their shifts. Battle stations or training would frequently interfere with the schedules however. When off shift, they read to pass the time since they didn’t have much else to due. (01:06:06) He mostly enjoyed his time on the submarine. The men were a close knit group, and he still maintains contact with some of them. (01:06:46) One of his friends recently passed away. (01:07:20) They had a crew maximum of eighty-five, but they usually had around seventy-eight. Later on, they had more crewmen because more equipment was added to the sub. (01:08:11) He and his wife went home after the war. He landed in Hunter’s Point in early September and they began decommissioning the sub sometime in October or November. (01:09:12) He was scheduled to get out early, but they needed more men to keep mothballing the sub. He was asked to stay on as a courtesy, but was made aware that he could be ordered to do so. Married men who had their wives were asked more often since the other men wanted to go home and the married men, had some portion of their normal life near them already. (01:10:10) He was promised that he would get home by Christmas, and he was discharged on 12/18/1945, and he managed to get home by Christmas. Phyllis was pregnant with their first child. (01:11:53) Post-War • (01:11:53) He was discharged in California. He did not join the reserves. He came back to Niles, to his mother and step-father’s house. He got a job working �with his step-father. • (01:12:37) He and his brother borrowed money from a woman named Hazel to start a boating business on Crystal Lake. Hazel had also lent Don the money for college. He made good on both loans. Eventually he decided to get out of the boating business, and he went back to college and graduated. His brother continued working in the boating industry � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BennettD Title A name given to the resource Bennett, Don (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennett, Don Description An account of the resource Don Bennett was born in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in 1925. He attended Albion College for one semester, then enlisted in the Navy, and became a submariner. He served on five patrols, one in the Kurile Islands, three near the Yellow Sea, and a final one north of Tokyo. During this time they sunk forty-two enemy ships. He was discharged on December 18th, 1945. After the war, he finished school at Albion College. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Montagna, Douglas (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-10-09 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e35f31b993e0fb8f7f3e76fc6b778556.mp4 33d1948281c9fba6dde3fddc73e52424 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b45ce419bc109c5131e9f52a26c5da6f.pdf e717223e07fa5ee9f32e1060270ffc61 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Don Bennett Length: 1:22:46 (00:15) Background Information       Don was born in the upper peninsula of Michigan on January 23, 1925 His father owned a silver fox ranch that he opened in 1924 The business did very well until the Depression in 1929 They lived in the area until Don was 11 years old and then they moved to Cheboygan, Michigan Don finished high school there and graduated in 1942 He began working in a paper mill that summer and then began attending Albion College in the Fall (10:00) Drafted  Don received his draft notice in January of 1943, but was not very upset about leaving college because he had been receiving bad grades  Don was sent to Detroit in April of 1943 where he was inducted and given a choice of joining the Navy or the Army  Don chose the Navy and he was sent to Great Lakes Naval Academy in Chicago for boot camp  Once he arrived Don was assigned to a company and began setting up in his barracks  He spent 8 weeks there exercising, marching, and working on KP (16:00) Diesel School  After boot camp Don went through an outgoing unit for another week at Great Lakes  He was then sent to diesel school at Navy Pier in Chicago where it was very cold working on the water  They worked with different diesel engines, fuel pumps, ship engines, and engines of landing craft  While he was there a notice was issued in which they were looking for 50 men to volunteer for submarine training  About 500 men volunteered and Don was lucky enough to be chosen (18:40)Submarine School  Don took a train from Chicago to Connecticut and was assigned to a new Navy unit  They first had to train under an officer named Spritz, whom they all hated  Don worked on guard duty and other training for a few weeks while waiting to start submarine school �    Before beginning the men had to take different physical tests and visit a psychologist Once he began submarine school Don thought it was very interesting and he did very well in all his classes They were learning all the systems that worked together on the submarine; air system, hydraulics, electric, tanks and compartments The school was very intense and they went to class all day long for 16 weeks (24:40) The Sunfish  After submarine school Don went through submarine diesel school for another 8 weeks in Connecticut  Once he graduated he took a train to San Francisco, and was then sent to Hunter's Point to work with a relief crew on submarines for a while  They spent time refitting submarines once they were finished with a patrol, getting them ready for the next patrol  Don worked on 2 submarines before he was assigned to work on the Sunfish for its next patrol (28:45) First patrol  In June of 1944 the submarine went to Pearl Harbor and then stopped at Midway to refuel  They patrolled off some islands to the north of Japan, near a Japanese airbase and also near the tip of the Russian [Kamchatka] peninsula  They sunk many Japanese ships while in Russian waters and the Russians eventually got to be annoyed and complained  Don’s first patrol lasted a little less than 2 months; they would always have to be refitted once they ran out of torpedoes and food  They returned to Midway and rested there while the submarine was being refitted  They had much time to rest, drink beer, go fishing and swimming (43:55) Submarine Life  There were many times where they caught in emergencies and had to sink to low depths to try to hide  Collectively through all the patrols they were attacked with about 1,000 depth charges  Only about 75 of those depth charges were very scary  They were even a target for planes along with other ships  There were some very scary, silent moments while they were playing cat and mouse  The good on the ship was great; they had a chef and baker  Don went on 5 patrols altogether and sunk 42 ships (53:55) Traveling �   Don went on 3 patrols in a row in the East China and Yellow Sea, and then around Korea and then Shanghai His final patrol was from Tokyo to Northern Japan After Don’s fifth patrol he went back to California and then Michigan (1:01:20) After Service  Don got married on June 8, 1945 in Michigan and then had to go back to California for a few months to finish his time in the Navy before he could be discharged  They had to finish decommissioning the Sunfish in October before Don could be discharged  He had been supposed to be discharged a few months earlier, but had to add a few months to his service  Don really enjoyed his time on the Sunfish and got to know many friends in the crew who he still sees at national conventions  After he was discharged Don and his wife moved to Niles, Michigan  He started a boat business with his brother, but it did not do well and after 2 years Don decided to go back to Albion College to finish his degree � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BennettD2 Title A name given to the resource Bennett, Don (Interview outline and video), 2005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennett, Don Description An account of the resource Don Bennett was born in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in 1925. He attended Albion College for one semester, then enlisted in the Navy, and became a submariner. He served on five patrols, one in the Kurile Islands, three near the Yellow Sea, and a final one north of Tokyo. During this time they sunk forty-two enemy ships. He was discharged on December 18th, 1945. After the war, he finished school at Albion College. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Boring, Frank (Interviewer) Michigan Military Preservation Society (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-11-17 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6b39dc5b93caeb729e333efc7de72062.mp4 022c24f414f2cf6704a641816ee619eb https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dc03898d62d9ca9c19992f01d1dae181.pdf a195a0a3916ffd19408d2ddaf8cd930b PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Howard Bennink (01:25:02) (00:09) Introduction: • Born in Coopersville, Michigan. • Grew up on an 80-acre farm. • Attended one year of high school. (02:45) Before enlisting and depression: • Remembers being very poor. • All farm products dropped 50% in price. • Stayed on farm until he enlisted in the military. • He also worked on an excelsior plant in Grand Rapids. • He had no idea where Pearl Harbor was when it was bombed. • Remembers his mother saying that “Hitler was no good” long before he invaded Poland. (08:20) Enlistment: • Enlisted in Marine Corps. • Trained at Parrs Island, South Carolina. • Main thing about the Marine Corps was discipline by marching. • Received all WWI rifles and clothing. (12:40) After boot camp: • Received further training at Camp Lejeune. • Took a train to San Francisco. • Trained for six months before leaving the United States. (14:20) Ship ride to New Zealand: • Traveled by luxury liner 30 days from San Francisco to Wellington, New Zealand. • Many of the men got terrible diarrhea on the ship. • The ship was never attacked, although there was a submarine warning. (18:45) Wellington New Zealand: • Women built camps in New Zealand--male New Zealanders were fighting for Britain in Africa. • As soon as they arrived in Wellington, they started reloading the ships for combat and headed to Guadalcanal in 1942. (20:25) Guadalcanal: • Landed on Guadalcanal. • First offensive United States made against the Japanese. • Japanese landed on Guadalcanal but failed. • Served as a rifleman on the front line while on Guadalcanal. • Living conditions were reasonable. • Weather conditions were tough, very warm and humid. (25:37) Australia: �• • Headed for Brisbane, Australia. Most of the men had malaria after Guadalcanal, causing them to be incredibly weak. • As soon as they were on the ship, they drank Quinine for malaria treatment. • Arrived at a camp in Brisbane around Christmas time. • Left Brisbane for Melbourne, Australia. • After arriving in Melbourne, he contracted malaria again and was hospitalized for four months. • The hospital was very nice. • Once discharged from hospital, he was sent to Adelaide, Australia for two weeks. • He was then sent back to Melbourne where his division lived in a cricket stadium. (31:10) After Australia: • Traveled to Goodenough Island for three weeks. • Then to Finschaefen, New Guinea where they boarded their ships and sailed to Cape Gloucester, New Britain. • Received a Silver Star during fighting in Cape Gloucester. • The weather in Cape Gloucester was horrible; storms and rain the entire time. • Sent back to the United States after Cape Gloucester, on a thirty-day ship ride. (32:50) Furlough: • Sixty-five men were on ship along with sixty-five mental patients from the military. • Was able to keep in touch with family and received the Grand Rapids Press while in Pacific. • Received a thirty-day furlough after arriving stateside. • Did not hear about the European theatre much while in Pacific. (36:30) After Furlough: • While still stateside, he received his Silver Star at a ceremony and was promoted to sergeant. • Trained in the United States and then received more training in Hawaii. • Did not like Hawaii because of all the volcanic ash and the extremely cold showers. • Remained in Hawaii for four months and was then sent to Iwo Jima by ship. (46:19) Iwo Jima: • Remained on the island for three weeks until he was shot in the shoulder. • Most of the men around him were shot in the head and killed instantly. • The shot he received missed his carotid artery, grazed his spinal cord and went through his back. • As four men were carrying him on a stretcher, one was shot through the head. • After waiting for the Japanese fire to subside, he was taken to a Marine hospital. • He left Iwo Jima on a hospital ship to Guam, and then by plane to a military hospital in Hawaii where he had surgery. • He was then flown to Oakland, California. (57:53) Atomic Bomb: • Still recovering in a hospital in Great Lakes, Illinois when the bombs were dropped. �• Was relieved when they dropped the atomic bombs. (58:35) After Service: • Could only whisper after the service due to his injuries. • Received the 52/20 plan; 20 dollars every week for 52 weeks. • Worked as a barber for forty years in Grand Haven, Michigan. • Since retirement, he helps with landscaping work at his church and is currently on a one man mission to prevent overpopulation in the world. • He believes that overpopulation caused World War II. • His family has already compiled a written personal history of his service. �, I I I I I I I , FOREWORD In June 1994, on our way back from Sugar- Mountain, N.C., our grandson, Brent, then nine years old, spoke from the middle seat of the mini-van, "Grandpa, you were a Marine in the war, right? Did you have to shoot anyone?" Later he asked, "How far away were they?" On February 19, 1995, fifty years after the Marines landed on Iwo Jima, Howard and I attended a memorial program in Kalamazoo. It was what the Navy veterans remembered and what the Marine veterans didn't say that impressed m~. It was after our family doctor asked Howard why he was connected to the Veterans Administration and had sent for his medical records that I began to think of writing. Then in July of 1995, at a Guadalcanal Veterans reunion in Frankenmuth, Michigan, we met a man who was writing about his father, _an army doctor, who had worked on Guadalcanal. He hoped to meet-someone who remembered him and the hospital there. Of course, when the Marines were there, there wasn't any hospital and probably no doctor either. Finally, it was the radio/television cornrnentatorsand the newspaper editors and the critics, who weren't there but expressed their opinions that Pres~dent Truman should not have authorized the dropping of the atomic bomb, even if we had to invade Japan. The men who carne back alive had neglected to tell how it was! In-August, 1995, I began to write as Howard told me about his experiences. Elizabeth L. Bennink 1 �I I I , f I I I f I I ... ~., I I, I I, When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Howard was living at horne with his parents, Nancy and Harm Bennink, and working in a factory in Grand Rapids. He was nineteen years old. At the suggestion of a fellow worker, that he consider the Marines, he dropped in at a recruiting office in Grand Rapids. He didn't know any Marines personally and didn't know much about the Corps either. Most people in this area joined the Navy, but on January 6, 1942, he became a United States Marine. January 6, 1942 was a cold, stormy Monday. His father and. mother had driven him. to Grand Rapids. The newspaper article which Nancy' saved says that he was one of 23 young men ~ho were instructed by Staff Sergeant Lloyd Beattie. Fifteen 6f the men were from Grand Rapids and the remainder were from outlying areas. The picture shows the young men wearing suits, ~ies, overcoats and hats. Howard had not met any of them before. The group traveled to Detroit by Greyhound bus. He was given a physical examination which he passed in spite of "a displaced septal cartilage to the left, and old fracture of the nose and second degree flat feet". Howard "Bennick" was 73 1/4" tall and weighed 158 Ibs. His vision measured 20/20 bil~terally. His hearing was 15/15 in both ears. His chest measured ~4" at expiration and 38 1/2" at inspiration. Pulse was 80 before exercise, 98 after exercise and 82 after rest. His blood pressure was 136/88. He had blond hair, was blue eyed and had a ruddy complexion. Actually, it was his second examination. The recruiting officer in Grand Rapids had examined his teeth and asked if he had, or had ever had venereal diseases. Howard was sworn in after the physical. His serial number was 3 5 3 6 5 8. They spent the night in Detroit. The next morning, they left by train, a stearn engine coach for Beaufort, South Carolina. A camp bus took them to Parris Island and boot camp. The weather was milder in South Carolina. It was 5'0 - 60 degrees during the day and a cool 30 degrees at night. They lived in Quonset huts which housed 12 - 20 men. They slept on steel bunks and marched to the mess hall for meals. They got up in the dark. Back in Michigan, father Harm and brother-in-law John Dyke had put Howard's 1936, gray, Tudor Ford up on blocks in Aunt Altha Fitch's garage on Madison St. in Grand Rapids. This was Howard's second car. His first was a 1927 Chevy that he bought when he was sixteen. It cost $60.00. The Ford cost $250.00 in 1940. It was at Parris Island that they were given their initial wardrobe: Dungarees - pants and jackets Shoes - dress and boon dockers Dress uniform - greens and khaki Caps Socks Sweatshirts �I I I I I I I I ,I I :1 . ·'. . · :~ I ,I I E I ~t ~ Two blankets Skivie shirts Leather belt with a brass buckle Eight quart pail Six inch scrub brush Safety razor Bar of soap Toothbrush and toothpaste The first three weeks were taken up, mostly, by close order drill. The D.I. (Drill Instructor) was Cpl. Montplacer. It was the Platoon Sgt. that taught them how to make up their bunks and scrub floors. Howard says that he had no complaints in regard to treatment. The second three weeks were spent on the rifle range, where they lived in tents and ate rations (16 oz. cans of pork and beans, stew, and hash). The tents held six people. They slept on cots with a mattress. It was cold at night and even snowed once. . His closest associates in Boot Camp were probably Harold DeHaan from Grand Rapids and Paul Gammage from Ionia. Howard also remembers getting two haircuts during Boot Camp. He remembers too, how they craved sweets. They were allowed to buy one candy bar at the P.X. during the six weeks. Their first move was to Camp LeJeune, New River, North Carolina. According to the book "The Old Breed", a history of the First Marine Division in World War II by George McMillian, Camp LeJeune was 111,710 acres of newly bought land at New River, N.C. "111,710 acres of water, coast:al swamp and plain, thereto fore inhabited largely by sandflies, ticks, chiggers and snakes".' If I interpret the book correctly, until February 1, 1941, the Marines, all of them, were the First Brigade which grew in number when the organized reserves were called up in the fall of 1940. Quantico, the horne of the Brigade was now too small so the: land was bought at New River. The date, August, 1941, is mentioned as the time the First Division set up at New River. By December 7, 1941, the Division was still small; 518 officers and 6,871 men. By the spring of 1942 (April), it had grown to 15,000 men. The average age was probably not quite 20 years old and about 90% of them had enlisted since Pearl Harbor. The First Marine Division included the First Marine Regiment, the Fifth Marine Regiment, the Seventh Marine Regiment and the Eleventh Marine Regiment. Howard was in the First Marine Regiment, Third Battalion, 'I' Company, Third Platoon, Fourth Squad. Cpl. Morino was the Squad Leader, Sgt. Sylvester was the Platoon Sergeant, and Lt. Weiss was the Platoon Officer. The men had been issued rifles at Parris Island, a bolt action Springfield. They took good care of it. They carried it everywhere except on liberty. It was even in the bunk with them at night. They memorized the serial number, but now 50+ years later, Howard can only remember the first two numbers, 1 and 5. Howard's discharge papers say that he quallified with the Bayonet, 12 February, 1942 and Special Military Qualification, Scout - Sniper. L l'i 1 �They lived in Quonset huts that looked new. There were eight bunks on each side. The floor was wood and there were windows. Their Sgt. talked a lot about combat but Howard doesn't think that he really knew what he was talking about. As a part of their training, they crawled across 40 acres on their bellies. During breaks, the Platoon Sgt. would say that the smoking lamp was lit. That meant that the men could smoke. Howard had started to smoke on his way to Detroit from Grand Rapids. The obstacle course at Camp LeJeune did not amount to much, but one day the company hiked to the ocean. The bottom was covered with oysters and everyone had cut feet after they bathed nude in the salt water. The camp had a parachute group. Those men never walked, they always ran. They also had a Division Band. It practiced out under the trees and sounded good. On March 12, 1942, Howard was hospitalized with German Measles. The hospital had bunks stacked two or three high. A corpsman was in charge. Howard returned to duty on March 16, 1942. Howard remembers going on liberty twice. They went to Jacksonville where he had a couple"beers and caught a bus back to camp. They also went to New Berne once. There wasn't much to do there either, but there was a tattoo parlor and Howard received the small tattoo on his forearm which says U S M C - 1942. They also took a bus trip to Cherry Point about 15 or more miles away. Brick buildings were being erected for the Air Force. While at Camp LeJeune, Howard was promoted to a Private First Class. He is not positive, but he thinks that he got a raise of $6.00, from $18.00 to $24.00 a month. 4 �I I l I r l , I I I ~; I t··,~· l I. [ [ [ t [ 1 . Major General A. A. Vandegrift assumed command of the First Marine Division from Major General Philip Torrey on March 23, 1942. In mid April, a plan called Lone Wolf arrived at New River, ordering the Division to Wellington, New Zealand at the earliest possible moment. It was said that Vandegrift thought that the Division had not yet attained a satisfactory state of readiness for combat, but he was assured that the Division would not be expected to fight before January 1, 1943. An advance party of officers was dispatched to select a site. They found it on North Islarid, 35 miles from Wellington . ."The bush covered gorges' and ravines of the Tararu Moun tains are in "spitting" distance". The camp was built with green lumber by New Zealand women. New Zealand was a part of Great Britain which had been at war since 1940. Both labor and supplies were limited. By the end of April, the Division was ready to move (two weeks after the notice). On May 1, 1942, the troops went aboard trains at New River. Howard says their clothing and personal items were put into sea bags and thrown in a pile. It was the last time he saw them. He presumed that the ship carrying them had been sunk. At that point in time, combat loading was considered pointless and time consuming, so personnel and gear went into separate ships. . The Wakefield with General Vandegrift aboard left from Norfolk, Virginia on May 20, through the submarine menaced Atlantic and the Panama Canal. The men left by train for the Pacific Coast. Before leaving they were told not to write letters or make any contacts. The train was a Pullman with sleepers and diners. They carried their rifles and packs. The train zigzagged to San Francisco. They were told that they crossed the Royal Gorge but Howard does not remember seeing it. The last night on the train, they were told to set their boon-dockers out. Boon-dockers were their rough leather boots which were never polished, but the next morning the porter had them shiny. The men collected for a tip. When they got down to the docks and the ship, it was being unloaded of boulders. The pile of rocks was still on the docks when the ship sailed. The ship was the Ericsson, which was a German luxury liner that had been seized in the New York Harbor after the war began. It was a beautiful ship, privately owned and leased to the Government. Personnel were civilians. It had two swimming pools and beautiful paintings and wood carvings. Howard thought that perhaps the staterooms had been torn out because they slept on bunks, six high. He had no idea what part of the ship that they were in. They lived aboard for a week or more before sailing. During this time Howard rented a horse, a big, long legged one, and rode �~,: 1 r , t r i , I I. I ~I'- I f~ ~. l along the hills. '[he horse could not be ridden or led off the main trail. He remembers being on guard duty and needed his overcoat. Howard is not sure when they left San Francisco. His discharge papers say, "Asiatic Pacific Area, 22 June, 1942." Howard does not remember the dining room, but he remembers walking down the steps with rotten food on the tray. It seems that the refrigeration was not functioning properly. Here after, for the remaining three weeks, the men existed on Planters peanuts and Pepsi Cola in glass bottles which had replac~d the water in the pools. The men had to purchase the nuts and cola. Because of th~ illness arid inadequate diet, according to the book, the men lost as much as 16 pounds enroute. TheFirst Marine Division was living up to their nick-name the Raggedy Ass Marines. Howard does not remember any big guns on the ship. They were not part of a convoy, and crossed the ocean alone. They were not told of their destination until they were at sea. During the day porpoise followed the bow of the ship. At night, there were lots of lights in the water. They were told that it was phosphorous. In Mother Nancy's scrapbook is a small card which says: Piic ; Howard Bennink was duly initiated into the Solemn Mysteries of the Deep. 'Having crossed the Equator July 1, 1942. Aboard the R.S. John Ericsson during W.W.II. Davey Jones - His Majesty's Scribe Neptune Rex - Ruler of the Raging Main The initiation ceremony did not take place as submarines were sighted, but they were in line to be doused with water and get "a slap on the ass with a paddle." The trip lasted 30 days. Much of this time, they read. On June 26, while the Ericsson was still on the high seas, General Vandegrift was told that the Marines would invade, occupy and defend Guadalcanal, Florida and Santa Cruz Islands and that D. Day would be August 1, 1942. Vandegrift was upset, his Marines would not arrive until July 11th, after 30 days of inactivity. In addition no planning had been done and the only information available were naval charts which were made in 1910. It was obvious why Douglas MacArthur and his team had not done well in his part of the war. D. Day was moved to August 7, still not much time to gather information, plan, study, load 31 transports and cargo carriers, embark 20,000 men and 60 days of supplies, rendezvous with the Navy and conduct a set of joint rehearsal exercises. One of the first orders to come down, was to leave 1/3 of the supplies behind. It was winter in New Zealand with cold driving rain. Food supplies melted on the docks as they were unloaded from one ship and loaded on another, sometimes at the same time. Howard said that they lived aboard ship, but did walk into 6 �f, , ~. t r , ~ I ~ I r ~··t· I , the hills once. On July 25, 1942, Howard became 20 years old. Koro Island in the Figi's was selected for pre-invasion maneuvers. It was about half way between New Zealand and Guadalcanal, 'but it was not like Guadalcanal. It was a coral island. After several landing vessels were wrecked attempting to land, the practice was called off. The units spent their days, July 28-31, riding up to the reef and back. The convoy left Koro on July 31. Howard was aboard the McCawley. As they left, the men were told where ~hey were going. The men wondered, "Where the hell G~adalcanal was and why were they going there?" The men were uptight. It was the unknown. It was to be the first offensive battle of the Pacific War. "We never knew what the hell we were getti,ng in to." The officers who didn't know either, said that it was safer than at home on the highways. Howard remembers sharpening the bayonet to kill Japs but ended up using it to crack green coconuts to stay alive. The convoy was almost all of the effective striking force of the Navy in the Pacific. It consisted of three carriers: the Saratoga, Enterprise and the Wasp; the battleship, North Carolina; and some cruisers and destroyers. Guadalcanal was the first o:ffensive waged against the Japanese in W.W.II. The Japs had humiliated us at Pearl Harbor and we were helpless in our attempts to aid the men of Corregidor and the Bataan March. We had begun to think the Japanese were supermen. Howard remembers the trip on the McCawley to Guadalcanal. They ate, slept or lay dreaming on the deck. At daylight on August 7, 1942, the cruisers began shore bombardment. At 0647, under the cover of the shore bombardment and the planes from the carriers, the men began to go over the side and down the cargo nets into Higgins boats under full pack. The backpack contained the following: Mess gear Razor - bar'of soap Towel Blanket Poncho 1/2 of a pup tent Brush (which most of the men threw away) Food (if you had any) A shovel hung on the back of the pack. You thought of your pack as your horne and your kitchen. You used it all. You carried your rifle and wore a cartridge belt. Attached to it was a canteen full of water, a med pack in a metal can with sterile gauze and yellow vaseline gauze strips 4"x6" in a canvas pouch, ammo, and a bayonet inside a scabbard. They headed into the beach and landed on schedule, in fact, two minutes early, at 0908. They jumped over the side of the Higgins boats and into water waist high and waded in, carrying their packs and rifle. The beach was sandy, then grassy, then 7 �r f ", , 1 r I t r I f F 1'",'' ' ' :1 coconut trees with lots of nuts on the ground. Here they stopped- "Where were the Japs?" They opened a few coconuts with their knives. Howard cut his finger. They headed for the jungle, 200 men single file. The vines and branches had been chopped for a path. By perhaps 3 p.m., they were out of water. The temperature was about 100 degrees. If they had anything to eat it was probably a sort of chocolate bar. Sometime later" they crossed a creek. They filled their canteens and dropped the pill in it. By nightfall, they were out of water again and had to do without. That night, they.slept op the rotten, stinky, black dirt on the trail. The jungle was noisy and they were scared. ,Their lieutenant was bitten by a spider. They heard him scream and moan. They were told that he died, but Howard did not see him. When morning came, the Marines were proud. Although there was a lot of trigger-fingering, no one had fired. ' That was a sign of good training. The Japs couldn't find them. They continued on until the officers got orders to abandon the original orders, because theyhad the wrong information. There was no grassy knoll. There was only more jungle. By the time Howard's Company reached the beacp, the ships had already left, without unloading supplies. They had left before dawn the day after the invasion. It was said that General Vandegrift could not make his sen{or officers realize the disastrous effect. Howard's Company of 200 men spent the next two weeks on the beach guarding against Japanese attacks. The times are only estimates, He had no watch, calendar or any means of knowing other than sun-ups and sundowns. When they arrived on the beach, other Marines were walking by with Japanese souvenirs. A Japanese construction unit was discovered. They were building a large straw roofed warehouse, part of which would be used as a mess hall. It had canned fruit, lots of rice, clothing and glass bottles of saki . . It was open for the first two days and everyone ate well. Then it was declared "off limits" and guarded. It was here that Howard saw his first live Japs, in the stockade. Almost all were laborers and engineers. Some were Koreans. The two weeks on the beach were not bad and he remembers certain things that happened: During daylight hours, a Jap submarine out in the ocean would surface and fire. Our 1/2 tracks would tear down to the beach and fire at the sub but it was just out of range. One time the Japanese Commander came in too close, it may have been hit, but it submerged in a hurry. He saw Zeros fly at treetop heights. Once they saw a plane with a star (U.S.) followed by a Zero and watched it go out of sight. They watched dog fights over the water. Sometimes they I 8 1 �~ Ii': I f l (: ~. r I; ~ 1:..•,.' .• '! ~ I i ; .:.-~ .:L (!r.!.' ~I T could see the pilot through the canopy. Howard saw the first u.s. planes corne in at treetop level. The Marines were so surprised that they almost shot at them. The Marines noticed that supply ships were not corning in. This was bad. They saw flashes, lots of them, out over the ocean at night. The flashes were followed about seven seconds later by rumbles. We know now that we lost the Quincy, Vincennes, Astoria and the Chicago. The Canberra was so badly damaged that it had to be sunk. All 'together, we lost four cruisers and a destroyer was damaged. The Japs did not lose any and only two were damaged. This is now called the Battle of Savo Island. When the word got around that the Navy had left, the Marines learned the feeling of expendability, and that they would probably never get off the island alive. Then the Division went on short rations, two meals a day of captured Japanese food (fish heads and rice) . The air raids started and we had no way to oppose them. They would corne in high, in formation, and drop a few bombs. About midnight, a lone plane would fly overhead, drop a bomb and leave and then another would repeat the act. The Marines called this harassment, Wash Machine Charlie. There was talk about Tokyq Rose, but Howard said that he never heard her. He didn't know anyone who had a radio. The Japs landed 900 men, one mile from where the Marines were trying to hold the airfield. They did not have enough men and that left some places in the perimeter unmanned. The air strip was about 1/2 mile from the beach area. The battle started about 0100. Howard's Company was ordered to Right face, that is, to face the Japs instead of the ocean. A company has about 200 men. The Japs had lots of ammo. If they had broken through, it would have been bad, but they never did. The line had held. At daylight, the battle was over and Howard's Company moved forward and exchanged position. They walked through lots of dead men (the Battle of Tenaru), and upstream about a mile and set up a position of defense. This was right at the edge of a swamp and at the end of a runway for fighter planes. 'I' Company was in this position for a long time, maybe weeks. Rations of rice and coconuts were short. One day their Lieutenant got a can of Spam, about a 4 pound can. He cut it into 30 pieces and shared. It tasted so good! During this time, they saw Japanese bombers, silver colored, two motors, so high than they looked to be the size of a quart jar. Then they saw our fighter planes above them, about the size of a fist. They seemed directly overhead. The Marines did not hear the guns, but watched the bombers fallout of formation and spiral down. At least seven or eight fell, but they must have fallen into the jungle. They did not see any fires or see any fighters fall. Although the Company was less than 1/2 mile from the 'I' ~ 9 �f" t i r' I I~ r' [ (I Ii ~' [i ~"'~ airfield, no bombs ever landed near the Company. The dog fights were uneven. Usually five of ours to 20 - 25 of theirs but we were desperate. Dates and events were hazy as the Marines had no way of measuring time. Somehow, sometimes they moved to the other side of the airstrip and the Company would go on patrol. "We were ambushed on the Matamikau River. Our Lt. Weiss was paralyzed (still living today)." Bullets zipped around Howard but he was not hurt. The Company had a set of twins from Niagara Falls, one was killed and the other went psycho. "Somehow, we got away." But Howard has forgotten how they managed to do it. Another Company carne into the area and cleaned it up. Then 'I' Company went into the same area and set up a defense position on the river for perhaps days or weeks. Usually, they went on patrol in front of the lines with about 20 men. It was in this area than their Company was in battle. At sunset on October 21, the Japanese attacked with 9 - 18 ton tanks. Only one broke through. Howard's Company was supported by 2 - 1/2 tracks, 2 - 37rnm. guns, 2 - 50 caliber machine guns, besides the rifle men and light machine guns. The next morning seven Jap tanks were burning and when they walked across the river, they found lots of dead men (estimated 600). One man in Howard's squad lost a leg. . Supplies began to corne in by the last of the second month, but Howard was not in a position to see the ships. By September, Malaria was taking it's toll. Sometime in September it caught Howard. He remembers being in a big valley and the hospital was at the top of a hill. He was so sick and weak that he still wonders how he was able to crawl to the top. The hospital was a tent with the sides rolled up. He was given some liquid to drink which he promptly vomited. The act earned him a place under the canvas for a few days. They laid on their blankets on the ground. He does not remember being seen by a doctor, but he was given some pills. This is recorded on his medical history. The entry reads: 9/42 U.S.N.H. - Field Hospital Guadalcanal - Dysentery - Malaria. The average wight loss at this time was about 20 pounds per man. In October, 1,941 cases of malaria were reported. This increased the average weight loss to 60 to 70 pounds. In November, a naval battle claimed two more cruisers and four destroyers. Two cruisers and three destroyers were also damaged. The marines were in bad shape. Their clothes and shoes were worn to rags. They had had no shelter in four months. Their green blankets were white with the eggs of the big blue flies. Summer was corning on and it was hot, about 107 degrees. The Marines were tired and sick. They felt cornered and just existed. The Japanese were still landing at will, but after going �Ii ,I Ii I I t through the jungle, they too were starved and sick. That the Marines held under these conditions was a wonder and perhaps would not have, except for the fact they knew what would happen to them if they were captured. Every man kept a grenade to kill himself. Then one day the Army marched by. "When they saw us ,they asked where the Japs were - We, answered 'keep walking'." In November, the Marines had 3,213 cases of malaria with secondary anemia and to keep and maintain a combat line, each man was given 20 grains of quinine daily. On December 9, 1942, General Vandegrift turned over the ,command to General Patch,and the 2nd Marine Division. Two days later the 1st Division left the island. An inscription in the cemetery read: An whep he goes to Heaven to St. Peter, he'll tell another Marine reporting, Sir I've served my time in Hell. [I ~ [: fl.·... ,~' tl [ ;1" '. 11 �r I I I ( I (,: r,if'......... 'iii' [ ml" u " U :1 D This account is the memories of a 73 year old veteran that reaches back over 50 years. He is not a bitter man nor a particularly proud man, but he was a boy who became a man at nineteen by living through hell. The United States was not prepared for war when Pearl Harbor was attacked and even after, it was decided to put the war in Europe first. A Division is considered to have at least 15,000 men or maybe a few more, but in December of 1941, it had 518 officers and 6,871 men (enlisted men). The slack was made up with young enlistees. On departure for the Pacific, the average age of 90% was under 20 years of age. " The area that would become known as Camp LeJeune was purchased in May, 1941 and these men were the builders. Throughout the war, the First Division was first.and as good as the men themselves could make it. Time and materials were always scarce. In retrospect, if there was any planning for Guadalcanal, it was bad. General MacArthur was an Army man, who no doubt felt that the Marines were expendable. The services were uncoordinated. The Navy had been decimated in t~e Pacific and the Army was attempting defense after bitter defeats. The Marines were without support. They were dropped :off and abandoned, to live off the lay of the land. Here, were no reporters, no USO's, no Red Cross, no Salvation Army, no PX, no mess halls, no food or shelter. There were only young men who were sick, exhausted, and starved, trying to survive and they did! Some time later a personnel officer would say, "They were a strange breed, this bunch that came in after Pearl Harbor. Many of them, we discover, were officer caliber and could easily have gained that rank if they hadn't volunteered. There's no doubt about it but they wanted to fight. If we resented them at New River ... well, we learned better at the 'Canal." Howard became a Corporal on Guadalcanal, but he's not sure when. Sometime, somewhere, he was given a paper to that effect. They left the island on Navy manned boats from the same beach that they landed on. They were taken out to the American Legion. Howard was able to climb the landing net (cargo net) up to the deck, but could not make it over the railing. The Navy men took his rifle from him and pulled him over. He cannot remember anything more. He cannot remember what he ate or where he slept. Someone gave them liquid quinine. The Marines were not told where they were going and they didn't care. Later they were told that MacArthur wanted them to go back into combat in New Guinea but the Navy said, "No way, they are too sick." They went instead to Brisbane, Australia. Howard remembers the docks were up river with cow pastures on each side. They lived in tents and slept on cots. There was even a mess hall and �._<::_:::::=:lii!A·~· ~,.~~_. they sat at tables. They must have spent Christmas here, but Howard does not remember. There were lots of mosquitos at Bisbane, but the main reason for leaving after a couple weeks was because the men were ill and there were no' hospitals nearby. The Division's casualties were: 621 killed in action; 1,517 wounded in action; and 5,601 cases of malaria. The Japanese had 40,000 troops ashore. They evacuated about 10,000; 30,000 died on the island. The Reinforced 1st Division received the Presidential Unit Citation. On the way to Brisbane, Twining, a full Colonel and operations officer designed a shoulder patch. It had a red number one on a blue field surrounded by the stars of the Southern Cross. The word Guadalcanal in white ran the length of the #1. The men designed a medal of their own. They called it the George Medal to express their own sentiments, "Let George Do It". One side had an arm with Navy stripes dropping a hot potato into a helmet held by a tired Marine. The other side pictured the rear view of a cow with a whirring electric fan. This illustrated a well used Marine phrase, "when the shit hits the fan. " Howard says the Marines must have moved to Melbourne by ship, because he does not remember seeing much of anything at Bisbane. Melbourne would have been "heaven" if they had been well, but most of the men were sick. They set up camp on the cricket grounds, under the roofed section. Bunks, two high were set on the tiered seats, two legs on the higher seats and two legs on the lower seats or steps. Here again they lived like Marines. Their pants and shirts were rolled up and put "in the sack" while they slept in their skivvies. The next morning, the clothes were warm and wrinkle free, almost. Howard was sick. He remembers seeing' an Italian doctor and his medical reGord shows entries on 1-8-43 and 1-20-43 at the U.S. 4th General Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. On 1-25-43, there is a diagnosis of Tertian Malaria. On 2-7-43, he was discharged to duty, under follow-up. On 2-25-95, he was admitted with jaundice, acute infective and remained hospitalized until 6-11-43. The hospital was a new brick building, owned by the Australians and leased to the U.S. Army. It was six stories high with a roof garden and balconies. Howard was in a twenty bed ward. It had both showers and tubs. The food was good, but he couldn't eat. The care was good, given by U.S. Army nurses. He was treated with pills. Howard continued to get more sick with chills, fever, jaundice and pain. At some time he developed carbuncles on the back of his neck, which was extremely painful. Antibiotics were �I I I I r r r not yet in use. One day when the doctor visited, he asked Howard how he felt. He answered that he was so sleepy and that's when things changed. He was moved into a private room with private duty nurses and was given plasma, I.V. This was continued until he was able to· drink. His friend, DeHaan, from Grand Rapids visited him during this time. He came into the room, left and returned, asking if he was Corporal Bennink. He didn't recognize Howard. Dawson from his platoon was also in the hospital recuperating from a c Lr cumc i s i.on as well as malaria. As Howard improved, the nurses would push him in his bed out on the balcony. Others, less ill, made use of the roof gardens, even entertaining Aussie girl friends, until it was declared "off bounds" . Sometime during June, the two carbuncles were lanced and allowed to drain. He was still jaundiced. He was discharged on 6-11-43 and returned to the cricket grounds. Melbourne became a symbol of Civilization, the- men had left a home. It ~as a city of friendly people. The newspaper called the Marines the "Saviours of Australia". The songs "Mairzy Doats'" and ":Thanks for the Memories" came from this era. It was 'in Melbourne, that Howard met Nancy Raferty. Dawson, from Alabama, introduced her to him. He remembers going to a park where there was a Triumph car show. They went to a theater and saw "Gone With The Wind". Howard and Dawson were invited to Nancy's home· for a lamb dinner. They lived in the suburbs. Howard remembers the steak and egg breakfasts at the U.S.D. and the Pub, Young and Jackson, that had nude paintings hung high on the wall. A recent visitor says that it is still there and the paintings are intact. He was still in Melbourne when his five months of back pay caught up with him. It was about $400.00. It was a good time. No one wanted to work and that included the officers, Many of the men had girlfriends and spent little time in camp. There was a time that Howard in a group of about eight men went to sniper school. They were taken about 20 miles from camp, up in the hills. They were to get back to camp in five days and they did. They slept out every night, except one when they broke into a school house with a fireplace. Before they left the next morning, they cut and hauled wood to replaced what they used. Howard remembers a man in his Platoon (Jackson) who had scabies. He kept his fork from his mess kit hung on a nail near his cot as a scratcher. At mess call, he'd grab his mess kit and his fork and march to the hall. Howard never saw him wash the fork. Howard became 21, July 25, 1943. By the fall of 1943, Douglas MacArthur was remembering his 14 �I I I I I f , r " promise to return to the Philippines. To avoid being bogged down in New Britain's jungle, he called on the "Jungle Wise Marines" who were becoming ornery in Melbourne. It was to be a joint effort with his 6th Army, but before there was any understanding between the staffs, he ordered the Marines to Goodenough Island, 2000 miles away. The Division was moved by Liberty ships where they set up on the open decks. The date was about September 19, 1943. Goodenough was· a jungle,. but had more hills than Guadalcanal. Also, the streams seemed clearer. They walked through native villages that seemed vacant, but the Marines lived in tents. There were lots of, mosquitos, so their training consisted of lots of ditch digging, to drain the swamps. They loafed when no one was watching. One day they saw Fuzzy-Wussies erecting a grass roofed building. They were small, black people and "you could smell them before you saw them". The odor was caused by whatever they rubbed on their bodies to repel the insects. They were good coconut tree climbers and loved to ride on trucks. Both the men and the women were bare to the waist and wore grass skirts. The Marines were transferred to Finschhafen a week before D. Day on LCI's (21), LST's (24) and APD's (10). LCI's carried the infantry, LST I S carried tanks ,.. trucks and equipment. APD' s (LCT's) were able to carry one or two tanks and were able to land up on the beach. This time they were going on Army money. They were served their Christmas dinner on Finschhafen, but the turkey neck that Howard got tasted as if it was rotten so he threw it in the jungle. They boarded the ship on Christmas Eve. At 0600, on December 26, 1943, the cruisers and destroyers opened fire. Then the bombers flew over. The first unit (3rd Battalion - Howard's) landed at 0746. They were unopposed. The jungle growth extended to the ~each. This was supposed to be a damp flat, but the men fell into sink holes up to their waists. This was Cape Gloucester, New Britain. The naturalist's notes of the 1920's didn't mention this, but the northwest monsoons come to New Britain in late December and lasted for three months. 1943 was no exception. It started to rain in the afternoon of December 26th and a "terrific storm struck the Cape Gloucester area" in the early hours of the 27th. The rains continued for the next five days. The Marines were soaked and it is said that they never dried out. By the first night the Marines had moved to the airport and set up a line of defense. They stretched barbed wire in the front and tied tin cans on it. The men were spaced behind it. Sherman tanks were brought up for the night. The men were wet and cold and the large amounts of warm exhaust from the engines felt good, that is, until the Marine standing next to Howard passed out from carbon monoxide. He recovered. The next morning, they moved forward. There was no �opposition. One tank got stuck crossing a ditch. No way could be found to move it either way so the crew moved to the rear. The tank was equipped with a 50 caliber machine gun on the turret. This was of great interest to the Marines , but as many times as they tried, they couldn't get it to fire. That night as before, they set up their defense line and as before, there was no opposition. On the 3rd day, they ran 'into lots of machine gun fire. The Marines couldn't see them because of the heavy undergrowth, but a lot of men were getting hit.' Howard jumped on the back end of the tank and the crew opened a communication door. "I told them to fire into the undergrowth as they couldn't see it from the inside. Finally, the Battalion Commander, Lt. Col. McKelvy carne up to see what all the firing was about. 'What's holding you up?', he asked, and then sawall the dead and wounded men. He went back and called in 'K' Company (the support" company) with a platoon of tanks. We followed after 'K' Company." A newspaper article written by S/Sgt. Joseph L. AlIi, a combat correspondent wrote an article for the Associated Press: Cpl. Bennink was in charge of a squad detailed to support tanks making assault on an enemy strong point. After following for four miles, they encountered heavy resistance and machine gun fire caused the tanks' turrets to be closed. _ According to 1st Lt. Joseph Alessandroni Jr. of Philadelphia, PA, Cpl. Bennink jumped onto the lead tank, banged on the turret and guided him to the enemy pill boxes. "I saw him repeat that very stunt seven or eight times", Lt. Alessandroni said, "and I know he helped wipe out several other pill boxes." Altogether he guided the tanks to 10 or 12 of them. Some were occupied and some weren't. But all of them might have been and he was exposing himself to heavy machine gun fire every time he went near one of those tanks. That sort of work requires real nerve. After spotting each pill box, Cpl. Bennink abandoned his precarious perch, rejoined his squad and after the pill boxes had been blasted by 75mm fire, helped in the mopping up process with hand grenades and rifle fire. Cpl. Bennink, 21, is a veteran of the Guadalcanal Campaign. He was promoted to his present rank for Meritorious conduct while on volunteer reconnaissance patrols deep in enemy territory. Farther on, they saw a block house, half buried in the ground. Inside were six or eight Jap officers who had committed suicide by shooting themselves with rifles. A hundred yards or so further on they saw a lean-to that held two trunks, full of Japanese script. The airport was next. They counted about a half dozen planes and not too many Japs. They crossed the airstrip and set up defense at the base of the hills. 16 �( r r :1 ," Because they were a part of MacArthur's Army, they wore Army clothing and boots. They were also issued hammocks with mosquito netting, but without trees, they couldn't hang them up. It would have been dangerous to be up off the ground at any rate, so they laid them on the ground, crawled in, zipped them up and hoped that the Japs wouldn't come. On the defense line, they encountered "electrical storms and' winds, the like of which I never saw again", Howard said, "There was a 37mm gun about 50 feet away and the balls of fire bounced allover the gun." Howard remembered lots of anti-aircraft fire as Wash Machine ~harlie came over every night between two and three a.m. There was lots of fire, but he was never hit. Patrols made up of volunteers left the line and had close calls. DeHaan from Grand Rapids always liked that. Howard didn't volunteer anymore because Lt. Alessandroni told him that he was going back to the States. A couple of weeks later, a runner told him to "pack up your things, you're on your way. II They took two men and one officer from each Company. They were taken back to the beach by truck through lots of mud. The LST was waiting for them. Aboard ship, in his wet, muddy clothes, Howard walked past a galley window and a voice called out, "Hey Marine, would you like a cup of Coffee?1I liThe coffee had canned milk and sugar in it, and it was the best cup of coffee I ever had in my life. II The sixty men sailed to Finchhaften. There, they picked up another LST that took them to Milne Bay, New Guinea. 'They hitched a ride on an Australian refrigeration ship, that was hauling meat to the troops. They slept on deck and ate steak twice a day. There were no vegetables, just T-Bone steak. After three or four days their mouths were sore and they were back in Brisbane and living in tents. It was here that Howard met and talked to u.s. Army men who had been there for two years IIguarding Australia". At Brisbane the 60 stayed right in camp, they didn't want to miss the boat. One day, they boarded a Liberty ship with 64 other Army, Navy and Airmen with nervous breakdowns. The 64 Marines were supposed to guard them. Howard said that none of them were violent, so on good days, they brought them up on deck. On March 1, 1944, they arrived in Camp Elliott, San Diego, California. Before being given a leave, he was given a physical and his medical records say that he was physically qualified for transfer. Howard remembers that this was the first time they saw women Marines. As they were being examined for V.D., they asked the doctor if he also examined the women for V.D. He responded by saying yes and that it was called Port Hole Inspection. He also said that he called the men's examination Short Arm Inspection. Howard was given a 15 day leave and a form request for a 15 17 �f f [ f day extension which he could fill out and mail to an address in Washington D.C. Back.at Cape Gloucester, MacArthur held the 1st Marines until May 4th and then they went to Pavuvu. Howard said that Camp Elliott looked good after the jungle. He was finally out of the rain and dry. He slept in a bunk and had meals .at the mess hall. The train that he boarded in Los Angeles was a very dirty old steam engine. The tunnels and snow sheds were black with soot and even the coach smelled like it. Howard remembers that when he got home, his shirt was really dirty. When ~he train stopped in Reno, he bo~ght a rubber snake for the kids at home, but his father, Harm had lots of fun with it and the nephews did a lot of B.B. gun shooting. He arrived in Grand Rapids, on Sunday night, March 12, 1944. About a dozen relatives were waiting for him at the station. Mother Nancy kept a list of people who visited him at home. Howard remembers that he rode home in the car with his sister and brother-in law, John Dyke. John was about to be drafted. Howard warned him not to get in the Infantry. "I said, 'Take anything else'." John did get in the infantry and spent the next Christmas in the Battle of the Bulge in Europe. Howard's own car was stil~ up on blocks, but Dykes let him borrow their 1940 Ford several times. He drove it to Grand Haven, and ,returned home. He used his 5 gas ration stamps to buy 5 gallons of gas. "Things were pretty dull around here." He also used his Dad's car. Harm had lots of tractor gas. He also had a flat .tire. Howard said he was almost glad to go back to California. He was to report to the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marine Division, 27 Regiment at Camp Pendleton. He had been granted the 15 day extension and it had arrived while he was at home, and he forgot and left it there. When the S.P. (Shore Patrol) came through the train, he had only his 15 day furlough pass. He was 13 days overdue. Howard was told to consider himself under arrest and that they would take him off the train at Omaha, and they did. He was taken to a recruiting office and put in a room by himself for several hours and then let him go. Howard asked him for a written explanation in case he got back late, but the officer refused saying that if he hurried, he'd get there in time, and he did. The 5th Marine Division was activated on Armistice Day 1943 (November 11, 1943). At that time, the 1st Division was at Goodenough Island, it's advanced staging area in preparation for Cape Glouchester. The 2nd Division was on it's way to Tarawa. The 3rd Division was fighting in the jungle swamps of Bougainville. The 4th Division was in the States, but soon would leave for the Marshall Islands. The Marine Corps now consisted of 400,000 men, but the. end was not yet in sight so the 5th 18 �I I Division was activated. It was to be the best trained and best prepared division to date. It would be organized with all it's component units in place (engineers, artillery, medical, etc.). Squad, platoon, company, battalion and regimental training would follow in succession, in a detailed plan. The Division Commander was Major General Keller E. Rockey. The men came from boot camps San Diego and Parris Island, training centers of Elliott, LeJeune, Pendleton, Quantico and ship detachments. But last of all were hundreds of men who were veterans of earlier Marine campaigns to add combat experience and practical knowledge. Camp Pendleton was the largest of all the Marine Corps training cen t.ers ; Complete wi th barracks, administration buildings, sick bay, theater, post exchange and athletic facilities with a $25,000 recreation fund! It even had a Red Cross unit with 15 recreation rooms. The train took Howard to Oceanside, about a mile from Pendleton. He reported to the Sgt. Major at the 2nd Battalion Head Quarters. Howard promptly asked him for a 72 hour pass. The Sgt. Major refused saying, "Put your gear away, you just came back." Howard did not see him again for several weeks p Howard reported to Sgt. G~bson, the 3rd Platoon Sgt., who gave him a choice of being a squad leader or a platoon guide. Howard chose the squad leader,:and he still feels that he made the right choice. "They were'decent guys." Sgt. Graham became the Platoon Guide. He had been a paratrooper until that unit was disbanded. Many of the Sgts. were former paratroopers, including the Sgt. Major. Many others were former Raiders. The Chain of Command was well structured. The Captain and the Top or 1st Sgt. ran the Company. The Platoon Sgt. and Lts. ran the Platoons. The officers had little contact with the men. The first Sgt. relayed orders to the Platoon Sgts., who passed it on the Squad Leaders. It was bad if you had a poor Lt. or Platoon Sgt. As Howard remembers they had only one bad 'Lieutenant. Sgt. Gibson must have complained because he left. The Platoon Sgt. actually had a lot of power. Howard was in the 5th Division, 27th Regiment, 2nd Battalion, 'F' Company, 3rd Platoon, 3rd Squad. The Top Sgt. was Wilber M. Burgess. The Platoon Sgt. was James Gibson Jr. The 1st Squad Leader was Sgt. Ronald E. III (a former paratrooper). The 2nd Squad Leader was Sgt. Jack W. Evans (a former raider). Howard was the 3rd Squad Leader. He had been a rifle man. Several weeks later Howard was sent to see the Sgt. Major who told him that he would be awarded the Silver Star and that the 1st Sgt. Burgess would instruct him on the ceremony. The event was held on a Friday. The Regimental Band played and the Battalion marched. The medal was awarded by General K. E. Rockey. While they were waiting to begin, the General asked �Howard' if he remembered who his Company Commander was on Cape Glouchester. Howard said, "No Sir, I don't remember. II General Rockey said these words: By the virtue of the power delegated to me and with the approval of the Commander in Chief, Southwest Pacific Area, I take pleasure in awarding, in the name of the President of the United States, the Silver Star Medal to Corporal ·Howard Elvin Bennink, United States Marine Corps. The Citation: For distinguishing himself by conspicuous gallantry, and in trepidity in action against a.rmed enemy forces - Corporal Howard Elvin Bennink, U.S. Marine Corps, leader of a squad that was detailed to follow a tank making an assault on enemy pill boxes, repeatedly climbed upon the tanks, under machine gun and rifle fire, thereby attracting the attention of the driver, by hanging on the turret and directing him to the enemy positions, as a result of which the pill boxes were knocked out. His example of courage, leadership and devotion to duty were a great inspiration to all those with whom he came in contact and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the, Navy of the United States. T.E. Kinkaid Vice Admiral, tJ. S. Navy Commander Seventh Fleet At this time he was also given the Sgt. rating. The General said, "This man is now a Sgt." And then they all went on a 72 hour liberty.' Howard said that IF' Company was a pretty good company, everyone came back on time and so they had liberty almost every weekend. Pfc. Seaman (William) was a rebel, an unmanageable loner, a Canadian who had once been a Raider and a good one, but now he just didn't care. He was AWOL, so no liberty for"F' Company. It was then, that the men took off their belts and lined up 100 men facing 100 men and Seaman had to run the gauntlet. It was the only time Howard saw this happen. Liberty was a big thing and Howard met Fern. I think she made the memory of Nancy in Melbourne dim a little. Punishment for going AWOL was 2 weeks in the Brig, on bread and water. Seaman was a really tough guy and solidly built. He had decided that no one was going to tell him. No one ever got too close to him, although Howard's squad thought that he should take him on. The day that they were leaving Pendleton, the men fell in formation, 200 men with packs and rifles. 1st Sgt. Wilber M. Burgess (Top Sgt.) was standing on the top step talking to the men and down the steps came Seaman. Burgess must have said something that Seaman didn't like, because he threw down his �r I r [ #", . . . . .' rifle and pack. Seaman and Burgess slugged it out - - no one separated them. They fought until they both were tired and stopped. Burgess had a really bad looking eye. Howard said that he never saw Seaman again until Iwo Jima. After they had set up defense lines, he walked back about 100 yards. He saw a hole in the ground covered by a poncho. He lifted the poncho and there was Seaman reading a magazine. Beside him were empty bottles of medical brandy. The sick bay had been hit by artillery and a lot of their supplies were thrown around. Seaman should have been court martialed.· Howard said that he really didn't have any best buddy. He lived with his squad, but you were the Sgt. and assigned details and were Sgt. of the Guards, so it wasn't wise to have best friends. No one had ever told him how, he just tried to act like the other Sgts. Most of the NCO's in the outfit were older, probably in their 30's and married. Lots of the men were gamblers. Howard remembers going to the head at 2 or 3 a.m. and seeing two or three green blankets on the floor with men on their knees rolling dice. The money was allover. He remembers the Barber Shop on base with Mexican girl hair cutters. Howard remembers being taught .to put a fuse in a block of T.N.T. to throw into block houses or caves as a part of a demolition training course. During amphibious training, they practiced landings from the ocean. Howard was part of the offensive team and of course others had to pretend to be Japs. After the landing, they had to cross a highway and it was there that a live bullet hit the ground about two or three feet away. They were supposed to be using blanks. Later a man was killed, he had been shot. It was said that President Roosevelt made a visit to Pendleton to observe the units. Howard and his men did see a big black convertible on the ridge. Howard also remembers a 20 mile hike. Howard had a birthday, he was 22 years old. Early in August, the Division under Col. Worsham began packing and crating for overseas. One day near the ship at the dock, Howard noticed a man dive off the dock between the dock and the ship. The water was about 15 feet below the dock. Then they saw a sailor dive off the deck of the ship into the same area. The ship deck was about 15 feet higher than the dock, so they all ran to the dock to see what was going on. They saw a woman's purse floating on the water, with lots of bills. The two men were grabbing them up. It was quite a sight. Down on the dock were about 25 jeeps waiting to be loaded. They didn't need keys for their ignition, so Howard suggested that they take a ride and they did - - - until they were stopped by an M.P. at the guard post. He ordered them to report to their �I I I I I I I I I I ~"1' ( l Commanding Officer on the ship, which they did. He said, "Sgt., you should know better." The ship left at dusk and traveled in a convoy. There was a strict blackout at night. It took about a week to travel to Hawaii. The Division with General Rockey left August 12, 1944. The ships anchored at Hilo. Howard does not remember getting off the ship, but remembers riding on a narrow gage railroad through beautiful country. There were sugarcane fields on both sides of the tracks. Waterfalls came out of the hills, clear and cold. They saw a truckload of sugarcane back up under a waterfall to wash off the black dirt. The soil was black volcanic ash. In the distance they could see the Mauna Kea and the Mauna Loa. Camp Tarawa was about 65 miles in the north central Hawaii, about 12 miles from the coast. It was in the Parker Ranch. In December, 1943, the 2nd Marine Division had recuperated here after it had been withdrawn from Tarawa and had named this camp after it's battle ground. They had just left for assaults on Saipan and Tinian. Now it would be home for the 5th Division. When the sugarcane stopped, the train stopped too and the men walked. The tent city was 2600 fee~ above sea level and windy. It was warm and sunny during the day, but cool at night. .There were stoves in the tents, but wood was scarce. The men slept on canvas cots, under blankets. The tents held six men, ~o the 3 Squad Leaders (3) and the Platoon Guide and two Navy corpsmen also bunked together. Food was good, but they had an excess amount of canned spinach. When the men came in from the field, they were covered with black dust. They needed lots of showers, but the water was cold! Howard said that they got just wet enough to lather and then they had to work up courage to rinse off. There was never a line up for showers and this was. strange until they realized that only the Sgts.· were taking showers. The rest were taking baths in the tents with water that they heated on their stoves. The squad shaved with soap and cold water too, until they got smart and brought hot rise water back from the mess tent in their canteen cup. In the mess tent were three big cans of hot water which the men used to clean their utensils. The first one had hot soapy water, the other two held rinse water. The last rinse was quite clear and good for shaving. Everything on the island was off limits, except wh~n in formation, so they never got to the village of Kamuela. But across the pasture and over the wire fences, across a deep gully was a farm house. Eight or nine local women had big kitchen tables set up in the rooms and served steak, eggs and american fries, until some Marines got drunk and caused a disturbance. 22 �1 I ~ l I I I' I Ii ~., ... ~ [l II [I, The place was closed. It was too bad because the food was good and the women ran a clean place. Alcohol was a problem in camp, but especially for 2nd Lt. Clifford Fulcher. The scuttle-butt was that he came up from the ranks and that he made Lt. rank when he got an officer's daughter pregnant. He never talked to the men during regular hours, but he did his drinking in the Officer's Club across the ravine from the squad leaders' tent. They would see him stagger out. He always got lost and got in the tent with the other Platoon Sgts. Sometimes, he'd like to display his ample manly parts and brag a little. Howard saw him surrounded by the Platoon Sgts. with .machetes saying, "If you don't get the hell out of here, we'll cut it off." At least three times he got lost in the squad leaders' tent and he'd ask them for help, so they'd grab his arm and lead him back. He lived with a Lt. of a machine gun group. This Lt. was a "nice little guy." When Fulcher was drunk, he'd eye .up the Lt. and say, "I'm going to kick the shit out of you". When the squad leaders took him home, they'd always ask if it was alright to leave and they'd take off. The next day, Lt. Fulcher was as before, he never talked. The men though~maybe he wasn't as drunk as he appeared to be. Later on Iwo Jima, after landing on the beach and reaching level ground, Howard located Platoon Sgt. Gibson and had his squad headed in the direction, when someone said that Lt. Fulcher got hit in the foot. The men all thought that he shot ~imself. When Howard was a patient in Aiae Naval Hospital after Iwo Jima, he saw Lt. Fulcher. He was in the officers' quart:ers. He was dressed in pj 's and using crutches. Some nurses back from liberty had brought him some bottles. Howard thought that he probably should have counted the bones in his feet before he shot. Maybe there would have been a better place. After Fulcher was shot on IWo, Platoon Sgt. Gibson took over the Platoon. Gibson was very good. "We were lucky, actually, though Fulcher also was a good Lt." . On the edge of camp on a hillside, there were sand bags to sit on with a stage below. There they heard Bob Crosby, Bing's brother, and his band. Bob Crosby was a Marine. All of the women looked old to these young men but four or five of them danced and explained the movements of the hula to them. The officers weren't the only ones who couldn't hold their alcohol. On several occasions the NCO's were given 3.2 beer, usually 12 bottles per man. Sgt. Evans, the 2nd Squad Leader did not drink so Howard had his 12 also. A Sgt. from machin~ guns drank with him. About 2 or 3 a.m., they ran out and Howard knew where the Platoon Guide kept his beer under his cot. So quietly, he thought, he pulled it out, but Sgt. Graham woke up and gave Howard a kick. He landed against the stove and the pipes fell down. They told him that "he had enough", and put him to bed. 21 �• ~. I I I I I I I I I!~'-'''' I Ii [j The next morning while he was still pretty shaky, they had to see the 1st Sgt., Sgt. Burgess. They had forgotten to take their caps off and this is a no-no. Burgess knocked their caps off and made them stand at attention, then pick up their caps. They were not arrested. Sgt. Burgess was the sam~ man who fought with Cpl. Seaman at Camp Pendleton. The men did get to the beach a couple times and jumped in, but had to be careful because of the coral rock. Howard went on liberty in Hilo with Cpl. Dale Skidmore and Cpl~ Wayne Mittelstaedt, both from Wisconsin and unmarried. They­ walked up the hill to a tavern and met three officers from the Air Force coming down. The decided that tpey wouldn't salute them. They just got by when one of them yelled, "Marine." We turned around and "gave them a snappy salute." They said, "Don't you know that you salute all officers?" We said, "Yes Sir." In the tavern, they met some Air Force enlisted men who told them that they were bombing some little island between their base and Japan. It was probably Iwo Jima. The three of them, Howard, Skidmore, and Mittelstaedt also had liberty together in Honolulu. It was crowded and a .mess. All three were tattooed with black panthers. Both of the men were killed on Iwo. They were in the 3rd Platoon, but in different squads. , In November, the Marines were encouraged to sign up for life insurance. Howard increased his from $5,000 to $10,000. It cost $6.00 per month or $3.00 for each $5,000. He often wonder~d what Harm and Nancy would have done with it. At this time the Division received an additional 125 : officers and 2500 men for battle replacements. They would. use them as a shore party until they were needed as replacements. The 471st Amphibian Truck Company (Army) was attached to the 13th Marines. These were the first black troops that Howard saw in DUKW's on the beach at Iwo. One of the last days of training the Platoon Command was turned over to Sgts. and Squad Leaders to Cpls. and Pfcs . . It was known from previous Pacific battles that officer and NCO casualties would be heavy. Howard said that Platoon Sgt. Gibson did a good job.of talking to them. For Christmas, they had extra beer. I skipped over a big event back in the States. November, 1944 had an important election. If elected, Franklin D. Roosevelt would begin his 4th term. The Republicans had been out of executive power for 12 years. They accused the president for staging D. Day in Europe to coincide with the Republican Convention in June. They had many who were interested in running, but they also needed an outstanding man. General Douglas MacArthur was considered and MacArthur wrote Senator Arthur H. VandenBerg of Michigan that he would not campaign for any office, but would submit to the will of the people if he were drafted. His personality was so abrading that Thomas E. Dewey, 24 �I I I I I I I I [ :'#".~~. the Governor of New York was nominated on the first ballot. On November 6, F.D.R. won the election by taking 36 of the 48 states. Howard voted in the election on a paper ballot, but doesn't remember anything else. The 27th Marines boarded ships on December 27th and by January 6th, the entire 5th Division was assembled at Honolulu. Howard remembers the many ships tied up side by side in the harbor. Honolulu was a city of solid white Navy uniforms, even some British, and not much to do except drink. ~hey were allowed three drinks in each tavern, then if you tipped the waitress, she'd give you one more. After that, you went to another tavern. Howard never drank gin, but he did in Honolulu. That made him "mellow", and he went with his friends, Skidmore and Mittelstaedter to a tatoo parlor, where for $10.00, they got their big black panthers on the left upper arm. If they flexed their muscles the cat jumped. His arm was still oozing when·he landed on Iwo Jima. On January 22, 1945, the Marines left Hawaii and moved 4000 miles across the Pacific, stopping at Eniwetok to refuel and then moved into Japanese held waters. While on the high seas, they w~re told that the target would be Iwo Jima. It didn't mean a thing. No one had ever heard of it. There was a plaster relief map of the island which was used for teaching. The officers pointed out the beaches and the p'lan of battle. "They didn't tell us that it was all tunnels", Howard said. On February 5, the convoy reached Eniwetok, where the ships refueled. Two days later they left for Saipan. At Saipan, the men transferred to LST's (landing ship tank). Saipan's harbor was unsheltered and the waters were rough. Howard remembers the transfer and the one night they spent in Saipan. The LST's were anchored off the island. Sometime during the night, another LST bumped into their LST The Skippers swore a t each other, n ; - - damn you! . - - - don't you know how to . anchor a ship!" It was always very dark at sea (black out). You just COUldn't see anything up on deck. The Marines were on the open deck. They used their life preserver as a pillow and their poncho as a cover. If it rained, they slept under a truck. They were required to wear their life jackets and they did as long as it was light enough to see them. They were vest type and stuffed with cork or "horse hair". It was a four day run to Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima had been in Japanese hands since 1861 and was therefore off limits to Europeans and Americans. Its name meant sulfur island and there was a small refinery on the island. There was also a sugar mill. It was 7 - 7 1/2 square miles in size and shaped somewhat like a pork chop. The broad north side .25 �I I I I I I I : ~ -. .... , was rough and rocky with cliffs and boulders. The south tip had 554 foot Mt. Suribachi. The southeast beaches would be used for landing. There were two airfields on the island and another under construction. There was no water on the island. H. Hour was scheduled for 9 a.m. on February 19th, 1945. The 5th Division plan was for the CT 27th (Howard's) and the CT 28th to land abreast on Red Beaches 1 and 2. CT 28 would land on their left. The 4th Division would land on the 27th's right. The 3rd Division would remain in reserve on ships until needed . . The 5th Division (27th and 28th) would cut off Suribachi and then pivot north. Dawn was at 6:40 a.m. and the men got their first glimpse of Iwo. The water was full of ships. They could see Suribachi's cone. They had already had breakfast of steak and eggs and were topside to pick up their gear. They were given belt type life preservers which could be inflated by activating the carbon dioxide cartridges. When on shore, they would be unsnapped and dropped. The ships began to shell the island at 6:40 a.m. and continued until 8:05 a.m. At 8:05 a.m., B24 Liberator.s from Saipan and 72 carrier based fighters and dive bombers pounded the island until H minus 35 minutes, when the battle ships and cruisers started again. In the meantime the rifle companies moved down into the hull where the "alligator tanks" were waiting. While still on deck, Platoon Sgt. Gibson gave each of the three squad leaders a container with about 24 small white pills. If any of their men. broke down, wouldn't move, cried, or got scared, they should be. given a pill. Howard never used them and doesn't know what happened to them. The LST held 200 men, with their packs, equipment and rifles. They walked down a cat walk about three feet wide on the side of the ship. This was the first time the men saw the landing tanks. They had been manufactured in Kalamazoo, Michigan. They loaded on and went down the ramp into the water -, They all floated and best of all, no landing nets this time. Howard's was one of the first to hit the water. The tanks held about 15 or 20 men. They zig-zagged around the ships until all were out of the LST's, then moved away and circled the area. Between the tanks and the island Navy ships were shooting point blank into the landing beaches. The tanks stopped circling and formed three lines. The first line had a five man crew with 75 rom. short barrel guns and machine guns. Howard and the rifle men were in the first wave of troops. There were five waves of LVT's (tanks) with assault companies. Howard remembers heading for the battleships and when they were about 30 yards from it, they passed on the left of the stern and turned right under the guns as they were still firing. They could see the shell and the ball of fire right overhead. He �never again heard anything like it. This went on all the way to the beach, then it continued, but the barrels were raised so the shells landed further inland. At 0900, the seven battalions of the 4th and 5th Division hit the beach. It was better organized than the previous landings had been. LT 1/28 carne ashore on Green Beach with Lt. Col. Butterfield near Mt. Suribachi. Howard's LT 2/27 with Maj. Antonelli landed on Red Beach I and ·Col. Butler's 1/27 hit Red Beach II. The 4th Division landed on their north. There was no fire on the beach. As soon as the Arntracs stopped, the troops jumped out and sank to their boot tops in the ashy soil. They got up and scrambled up on the higher line as fast as they could. They saw a pill box. Cpl. Joseph Hotovchine got hit by rifle fire. He was about five feet ahead and talking to Howard. He was shot in the neck. The Platoon Corpsman who landed with the Platoon took care of him, but it made everyone leery. The men tried to dig in, there was lots of fire, both mortar and artillery from Suribachi and the north. Then the shells started hitting the beach area. This may have been when Lt. Fulcher was wounded. Pfc. David Snell (3rd squad) $potted two Japs off to the left protected by a mound of sand, in front of a dug out. They were firing at the 28th Marines. Snell lying on his belly, fired the BAR (browning automatic rifle) at them; the ammo consisted of. two regular bullets and one tracer bullet. He was over shooting the Japs and the bullets were dropping into the 28th Marines. Howard told him to stop. In retrospect, the mound of dirt and the dug out was an opening into the tunnels, but as yet the Marines did not know that they existed. The fighter planes were still overhead strafing. A Jap was in a flexible chair-seat in a harness attached to an anti­ aircraft gun. Our machine gun squad saw this going on and fired several rounds, but never hit him. "We were at a stand still. Platoon Sgt. Gibson said to move: out", so Howard told the machine gunners to hold their fire. When he got back to his squad, Gibson said, "Let's go." They didn't stop until they got to the other side of the island. The leading Companies (E and F; Howard's was F, 200 men) had orders to get across the island fast. They were to by-pass installations except those that threatened to hold up the advance. About four hours later, the tanks carne into the area. Then the Japs opened up from Suribachi. "The shells never did much damage to our line, and there were lots of duds." Howard noticed a mound of dirt with what appeared to be an onion crate upside down on top. The Marines were all "tight" to the ground, when a hand pushed a grenade between the slats. "I just looked at it, I didn't fire." It rolled down to Cpl. Frank 27 �i r Bolek's leg and exploded. "I don't know why someone didn't blow that crate off, it was probably an air vent, but no one knew about that." The Corpsman took Frank back to the beach and got him off the island. Howard met Frank Bolek again when they were at the Great Lakes Naval Hospital. Bolek lived in Chicago and Howard met his parents and the family. He came to Michigan several times and we visited him in St. Louis, where he worked in an Oldsmobile plant. He married, but did not have any children. He died several years ago, but several months before he died, he called and they had a long talk about the battles for Iwo Jima. The Japanese opened up on the beach with artillery. "Why they didn't fire among us, I don't know. Did they know that if they hit the vent, they'd kill their own?" The mound was about six or seven feet high. Bolek was Howard's only Cpl. and directly below him in the squad. It was a big loss. Sgt. Evans (2nd squad leader) was hit with phosphorus or star shells. They look like fireworks on the 4th of July, but burn into the skin for days. Howard saw him later in the hospital on Guam. The day was pretty much a pattern of get up, stumble a,few yards ahead and drop again. The conversations were pretty much the same, "We're spotted, lets get the hell outta here." Howard's Company moved north then pad to hole up to let the rest catch up. Back on the beach, the officers on the control vessels were coordina ting the landirw of the supporting uni ts and heavy weapons. Many of the tanks were knocked out by land mines. Three out of four rocket launching trucks were lost before they 'cou Ld fire a shot. The weasels (water carrying tanks), which were too small for much use in Europe were appreciated on Iwo. The waters edge was full of mangled Amtracs, LCM's, LCVPS and bodies. Debris piled up. The wounded arrived on the beach and were unprotected. Many were hit a second time. The first two boats bringing in litters were blown out of the water. By dusk. all the .reserve units were ashore and all the main elements excepts for Division Headquarters were on Iwo. Howard's unit was on the edge of the airfield. There were buried tanks, but none directly in front of them. In front of them were block houses, three to four feet thick, that had been knocked out by Naval guns. At night, the "Devil Dogs", Dobermans with their handlers came up. "It felt good to have the dogs." The ships off shore fired flares on parachutes continuously through the night. They were shot out in front of the Marine's line and kept the area as bright as a football field. That continued throughout the three weeks that Howard was on the island. Near the airfield the Marines saw slabs of concrete sloped so that rain water could run into tanks. It was the only source of water the Japs had. # , · ·.... 28 �Off to the right, all Howard could see was a wall of dirt, but here on the high ground was the airstrip (runway). They heard firing all day and all night. The 3rd Marines and a part of the 5th Division were at the airport and had the hardest part. It is difficult to remember specific times of events as days and nights blend, but one time Howard remembers rockets as big as garbage cans arching over them. They could see them corning and it looked as if they were corning right at them, but they never landed near them. Rations were good, or at least improved from 1942. They had cheese, crackers/ beef/ bacon, and cigarettes. Sometimes the canned bacon was enough for two people and with the canned heat/ they could fry it. They always had plenty of water. The temperature was not too bad and as they moved north/ if they scraped off the top two inches of soil/ the ground was warm. They had plenty of ammo. They were able to get some sleep at night. Thirteen men were on the line in an area as far as between our house and Sillman's (50 feet next door) and the 3rd Platoon was made up of "good steady guys" and "the 3rd squad had lost only Bolek." Casualties for the entire landing force of Marines for the first 58 hours exceeded 5/300. , Iwo Jima was no push over. After the battle, intelligence teams determined this was the list of Japanese guns: 12 - 320 mm. spigot mortars 22 - 150 mm. trench mortars 4 - 15 cm. coast defense guns 4 - 14 cm. coast defense guns 9 12 cm. coast defense guns 12 - 12 cm. short coast defense guns 30 - 12 cm. dual purpose guns 6 - 10 cm. dual purpose guns 5 - 8 cm. dual purpose guns 18 - 7.5 cm. dual purpose guns 1 - 150 mm. howitzer 4 - 120 mm. howitzers 6 - 10 cm. howitzers 4 - 90 mm. howitzers 5 - 75 mm. pack howitzers 17 - 75 mm. field guns 24 - 70 mm. battalion guns 70 - 90/81 mm. mortars 380 - 50 mm. heavy grenade dischargers 54 - 47 mm. anti tank guns 15 37 mm. anti tank guns 4 - 40 mm. anti aircraft guns 213 - 25 mm. machine guns 9 - 23 mm. anti aircraft machine guns 4 - 20 mm. machine guns '29 �168 - 13 mm. machine guns 350 - heavy machine guns 480 - light machine guns 30 - tanks 61 - flame throwers 10,000 - rifles 12 - search lights 3 - radar units 200+ - rocket launches All of this, in approximately seven to seven and a half square miles. While the 27th moved· north, the 28th ~as devoted to the capture of Suribachi. The attack of the Marines began on D+ 1. The Japs fought from a vast complex defensive system. The caves, like the pill boxes and block houses, with many entrances were linked to command caves with ammo, food, water and living quarters some 50 feet below ground. On D+ 4, Suribachi was scaled and a small flag was raised. This was replaced by a larger flag about four hours later and it was this raising that was shot by Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press and became the most celebrated picture of W.W.II. Taking Suribachi cost the 28th, 904 casualties (7 officers and 202 men were killed) . After about two weeks on the front line, 'FI Company came back to the base of Suribachi to rest in a supposedly secure area. To the north east of their area, about a distance from our house to Witteveens (100 yards) was a group of Army Engineers rebuilding the airport. All of a sudden, the Marine's eyes began to burn and they heard a voice on the P.A. system directed toward the Engineers, "Evacuate to the beach." The Marines did not move. "It was the.most foolish words I ever heard." Some did gather up gas masks that littered the ground where they had been discarded. The masks didnlt have canisters, so were useless, and while there was some gas, there wasn't enough to bother. It drifted away. It was said that the Japs were still sneaking out of caves in the area, but Howard never saw any. ~here was sporadic rifle fire from among the Army Engineers. After two nights of this supposedly safe place to rest, they returned to the front line. Howard said that he felt relieved, "We knew what was what." They returned to the area to the north end of the island between the second and third airstrips. It was quiet. Then orders came to relieve another Company and that "didn't sound good. " They moved across the third airstrip and faced north, then moved into position on a brightly moonlit night. The relieved Company moved to the back. Howard and his squad walked through a narrow passage between �I two ridges; it was perhaps two or three feet wide. He looked up ad saw a Japanese officer standing on the edge and looking down at them. He disappeared before anyone could shoot. They moved into their position, the day light came. There was some firing, but the Marines couldn't tell where it was coming from so they didn't try to move. Then all of a sudden, there were shells or rockets or big mortars which landed among the squad and platoon. It may have been friendly fire from a Navy ship or a Marine artillery or even a rocket battery, but it was not Japanese. Two men in the Platoon disappeared, but no one in Howard'~ squad was hit. Sgt. Gibson, the Platoon Sgt. wanted the men to withdraw to a safer area around the corner of a ridge. Howard got his men going, telling them to "run like Hell." Pfc. Stanley Swartz stopped and said, "What? II He was hit in the wrist and through the buttocks. He fell or crawled into a shell hole. The corpsman must have seen it happen. He bandaged him and they made it out of the hold and around the ridge. That was the last Howard saw of Swartz until they met again in Great Lakes. I met Stanley Swartz once. They spent the night 'with us when we lived in the Barber Shop on Beech Tree St. It was probably in 1954. He was married and had a sCm about three years old. He had tried several jobs by that time and now was a scientific pig farmer. Later, we read that he was producing eggs ahd had an elaborate system of marketing. Shortly after that, we lost all contact. All our letters returned. I remember him as a tall thin man who seemed even thinner, because his pants kind of hung from his waist. It looked as if he had lost a lot of gluteal tissue. He also had some problem walking. I remember, as his wife and I were doing women's work in the kitchen and he and Howard were in the living room, we overheard him say, "How come, all of us tall skinny Marines marry short, fat wives?" and we both were that. The rest of the squad made it back behind the ridge. The Spearhead describes it this way. "CT 27 made limited gains during the day against an irregular ridge line - sometimes called Nishi Ridge - in the vicinity of Nishi Village. This was one of the strongest remaining defensive positions on the island. L.T. 27 advanced 200 yards to reach the high ground overlooking the North Coast of lWo, but after getting a blood bath from grenades, knee mortars and sniper fire from the high jagged rocks, the troops were forced to withdraw." A few Japanese phosphorous or mortar shells dropped behind the ridge and this made Howard nervous. He remembered that the face of the cliffs were packed with little black holes about 14 inches in diameter. About a half hour later, Sgt. Gibson received orders probably from the Company Commander to "resume our position." It was then that Howard made his "famous prediction", "We're all going to be Killed", but it was an order, and they moved out. �Howard again saw the black holes and investigated. He couldn't see anything, because of the darkness, but most of the fire seemed to come from that area. He still thinks that the Japs were inside and firing out. Then he noticed a small brush pile raise up about 'five inches and a machine gun stuck its barrel out and fired to the left. He didn't know if anyone was hit. The gun was withdrawn and the brush pile settled down again. This was about as far away as Ring's house (two houses from ours, 50 yards) from Howard's position. Some of Howard's squad were being hit, but were being cared for and as Howard looked to his left, he saw his BAR man, Pfc. Snell was hit by rifle fire. Howard went to him; He had been shot right through the head and been knocked into a crater, a shell hole about six fee~deep. "He was still quivering". On top of the ridge and to the left, Sgt. Gibson called down, "Can we help him?" I said, "No, he's beyond help." The next chain of events, I will record exactly as Howard told me. "I crawled through the crater and was on my belly on the side of the hole and looking at the holes in the cliff and aiming my rifle, my head cocked over the sight. All of a sudden, I was hit! It threw me back and I landed on Snell's legs, I could feel him quiver. Luckily for me Sgt. Gibson saw it happen. The Corpsman came in and shoved gauze under my jacket in the front and back (Frederick H. Alberty, Ph.M3C.). Four stretcher bearers carne in the shell hole with a stretcher. They loaded me on and started up the side of the shell hole. When I was about shoulder high, one of the stretcher bearers was shot. The others dragged me down into the bottom of the hole again. Another ""~earer came into the hole. There was lots of gun fire, but it was ~ot hitting us. They were successful in carrying me out and around the back side of the cliff and ridge. As they were carrying me, I looked around and up on the ridge I saw 1st Sgt. Burgess and two machine guns set just over the ridge and spraying bullets over the shell hole where we had been, and at the round black holes. There was a jeep close by and they shoved my stretcher on it. There was room for two, but I didn't see anyone else." "From then on, I had nothing more to do with 'F' Company, the ~latoon, or my Squad. I was taken to the Divisional Hospital which was an excavated area in the ground about two feet deep and covered by a tent. I was carried in and laid on the ground in a row with many others." "'Sometime, soon after, a chaplain stood over me and said, 'Are oyou sorry for your sins?' I said, 'I'm not Catholic.' He walked away." 0"1 didn't have much pain unless I moved, or I passed out. I don't remember the night at all. When I woke up it was daylight. Someone told me I was leaving the island and going to a hospital ship. They loaded a bunch of us on a DUKW, it had wheels and a propeller. As we were loading, I was asked if I wanted an apple. 12 ! �It was big and red, but I couldn't bite into it, I had no strength. I think I remember them carrying me up a ramp into the hospital ship on a stretcher. I was put in a bottom bunk. I just don't remember any of it except that just before we got to Guam the body cast was put on. It probably felt good, because I couldn't move." "When I was shot, it felt like I was hit by a sledge hammer in my chest and shoulder. I was weak and could only whisper. I thought, 'this is the way you die', and I had reason to think this." On D+ 20, the LT 2/27, the Regiment worn and casualty ridden was pulled out and was not used again in the campaign. Platoon Sgt. James Gibson, Jr. was a good Marine. He was wounded and received a Bronze Star. He was about 10 years older than. Howard and had been a paratrooper. He was of a sturdy build . . First Sgt. Wilber Burgess was also wounded in action. ·According to "The Spear Head", the World War II History of the 5th Marine Division by Howard M. Conner, Howard's squad finished Iwo in this manner: Sgt. Howard E. Bennink wounded Cpl. Frank M. Bolek wounded Pfc. David B. Snell killed. ­ Pvt. Kenneth C. Thomas wounded Pvt. Curtis C. Byrd ? Pfc. Stanley J. Swartz wounded 'Pfc. Malcom L. Waite wounded 'Pfc. Howard R. Williams wounded Pvt. Robert Torte wounded :Pfc. Harry S. Carothers wounded Pfc. Douglas N. Wallace wounded Pfc. Robert C. Smith wounded Pfc. John H. Whipple wounded Each squad was made up of a leader, a Sgt. and three fire groups of four men each headed by a Cpl., but Howard had only one Corporal. Carothers, a Pfc. was the acting leader with Wallace, Smith and Whipple. Stanley Swartz was an acting group leader with ~aite, Williams and Torti. Bolek was the only Cpl. with Snell, Thomas and Byrd. The Commanding officer of LT 27, Major John W. Antonelli was wounded on ~ 18th with three of his officers on the front line .. Lt. Jack Lummas of 'F' Company was mortally wounded by a land mine on D+ 17. Marine infantry losses were so heavy that gaps were filled with cooks, bakers, mortar men and communicators. Seventy percent of all the battle casualties occurred in the infantry regiments and their replacements. In July of 1995, we requested and received Howard's medical �.#', ...~' records. We were surprised to see how complete they were in the midst of what must have been complete chaos. For instance on Iwo Jima, casualties averaged over a thousand a day. There was no medical record of treatment on the beach at Iwo, but I saw another record, as I remember a handwritten one that we requested for Dr. Leland Swenson in 1959 or 1960 and if I remember correctly, he was given 13 units of blood and plasma. It was difficult to read and interpret. The new record seems to be bits of progress notes and discharge summaries. It is typewritten, but it has some written signatures. The Hospital Ship, Howard was on was the AH10, the Samaritan. The initial entry says 3-7-45 (date of admission) gunshot wounds of the side of the face and chest. Tetanus and gas gangrene shots given. This is followed by a description of the injuries; 1. Small wound, left submaxillary. 2. Left shoulder has two wounds - one anterior just over the outer end of the clavicle and the other (the point of exit) over the scapular spine. '3. x-ray of the face and skull = no fractures. 4. x-ray of the cervical spine shows a comminuted fracture of the right transverse process of the 6th cervical vertebra. There is' an abnormal curvature of this portion of the spine with a slight kyphotic curve, the apex of which is at the 5th and 6th vertebral bodies. 5. x-ray of the left shoulder shows a comminuted fractur~ involving the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle. On 3-10-45 wounds were redressed with sulfanilamide and vaseline gauze. A shoulder spica cast was applied reaching to the base of the finger on the left hand. Ho~ard says that he doesn't remember much about the ship, except having the cast applied. It was a body cast with an airplane: splint type of cast on the arm. These are the signatures on the reports from the Samaritan: A. R. Aronson, Lt. (MC) U.S.N.R. /s/ J. F. Belair /s/ E. L. Jewett H., J. Wiser, Cmdr. (MC) U.S.N.R. R. W. Hayworth, Captain U.S.N. Howard received a hospital number which accompanied him through t.he system, #2529 KJ"K" DNEPTE and a heading on many of the docuqlents: not misconduct within command work negligence not apparent wounded in action against an organized enemy received from 2nd Bn. 27 Marines Not all the injured merited the care of a hospital ship. An ex-Marine who was injured at Suribachi told how he was taken aboard a troop carrier. He was placed on the floor of a passage way while waiting to see the doctor. He had a shoulder injury and was worried about gangrene. After three days he got to see �the doctor and expressed his thanks for seeing a good bone man, but the doctor said, "But I'm not. At home I'm a kidney man." His arm was saved, but he had to learn to write with his left hand. I remember a doctor who told me that the day before he was inducted, he performed an appendectomy on a kitchen table in Conklin, Michigan. He was a psychiatrist in the army and thereafter. He helped Elmer Fisher adjust to his paralysis. On 3-11-45, Howard was transferred to a hospital ashore, which was Guam U.S.N.H. - 101, in a barracks type building. He doesn't remember much about this hospitalization either, except .that while he was there maggots crawled in and out of the cast. In time the maggots turned into flies and were really irritating. By pushing a stick in and under the cit near the wrist he could sometimes get the varmints out. Howard thought that the maggots had been planted as a treatment for dead tissue, but I think not. The Navy V~terans told about the clouds of big blue flies that they encountered as they neared the beach and the flies that covered the wounded and dead. On Guam, Howard saw Sgt. Evans, the 2nd Squad Leader, who had been burned by phosphorus. He had painful burns of his neck and arms. He came from one of the western states. He was married and,always kept his wife's picture in the tent. "She was a beautiful ,girl." Although, I am sure that it was a mutually sentimental reunion, Howard expressed it this way, "I couldn't talk and we were both tcio far gone." On 3-2{-45, they recommended transfer to U.S.N.H. in T.R. or "'Ccrntinentallimits of U.S. (T.H. means Territory of Hawaii). Howard left Guam by plane. The littersWere secured on racks. There were nurses on the plane as they had also been on Guam. He was the only patient on the plane who was ambulatory, so when the plane landed on Johnston Island for refueling, he was asked to go to breakfast in the barracks. Once there, they offered him anything he wanted, but he still couldn't eat. They gave him an orange, but he couldn't eat that either. On 3-24-45, Howard was admitted to the U.S. Naval Hospital, Aiea Heights, T.H. It was a large brick building about six stories high.; The record which we have seems to be a combination of the history and physical, progress notes and discharge summary. On admission after repeating the history of the injury it says, "he has been hoarse since injury and has 'vibrating' feeling in his throat. First week following wound pt. coughed with some hemoptysis. Dry cough· since. Voice very hoarse. P.E. negative except for: 1. Over carotid, in the left side of neck is palpable thrill synchronous with pulse and audible bruit. 2. Left upper extremity is immobilized in a brachial spica with arm at 45 degree abduction and elbow at 45 degree flexion. No ')5 �sensory or motor changes of the hands or fingers." 3-27-45, x-ray of left shoulder: There is a comminuted fracture involving the distal 1/3 of the left clavicle in which the fragments appear in fair position and alignment in the A-P view of the shoulder. A heavy plaster cast surrounds the shoulder joint and no definite bone injury to other bones or regions can be detected. There is no evidence of metallic foreign bodies. 4-4-45, x-ray of cervical spine: No foreign bodies can be made out in the neck. . Sometime after this Howard remembers that he and another patient were taken into a lecture hall, where their injuries were being discussed. The speaker (as Howard listened just outside the door) cautioned that injuries of this nature were being missed. 4-8-45, Operation Record: Aneurysm operated on. Common Carotid. Arterio-Venous aneurysm at bifurcation of common carotid. The carotid internal and external carotid, superior thyroid and internal jugular vein~ ligated and aneurysm excised. Wound closed without drainage. Operator· Dr. H. K. Gray. Howard remembers before surgery in gn anteroom, a nurse told him that she was from Lansing, Michigan. On April 11' 1945, Franklin Delano Roosevelt died. Howard has a faint memory of being told. 4-16-45, Sutures were removed. Wound clean. Pt. has a Horner's Syndrome, left side since operation. Voice is still ,..··~ry hoarse. Injury at time of accident. Horner's Syndrome is caused by a paralysis of the cervical sympathetic nerves. Howard has a droopy eye lid, a contracted pupil, and an abnormal sweating pattern. 4-20-45, Diagnosis changed this date to aneurysm (arterio­ Venous) left carotid #202 DNEPTE. Reason - Complication no misconduct~ 4-22-45, Electrocardiogram - normal. 4-25-45, Wound healed. Patient still has hoarseness with evidence still present of Horner's Syndrome left. Recommend evacuation to mainland for further treatment and disposition. Hospital litter - via air. 5-3-45, transferred this day to a U.S. Government transport to a u.S. Naval Hospital on the mainland, without formal medical survey in accorqance with Bu Pers Circular letter 99-44 of March 31, 1944. This section of the medical record was signed by: W. C.· Mulry, Lt. (MC) U.S.N., Acting Division Surgeon A. M. McDonald, Lt. Cmdr. (MC) U.S.N.R. H. K. Gray, Capt. (MC) U.S.N.R., Chief of Surgery. On May 4, 1945, Howard was admitted to Oakland, California, U.S. Naval Hospital. �:;x­ , , 5-5-45, Pt. received from overseas with the diagnosis of aneurysm, left carotid. This was surgically repaired. He also has gunshot wound trough the left clavicle and out the back with minimal drainage of both wounds. Let clavicle fractured. Pt. wearing a sling. Abduction to 90 degrees. Some numbness of left arm. Condition satisfactory for transfer closer home pending approval of peripheral nerve department. Howard was given the choice of a Naval Hospital in the State of Washington or Great Lakes near Chicago. While at Oakland, he and others were given a pass to a stage show. He remembers a "gut shot" Marine who required lots of attention. 5-23-45, transfer this date to U.S.N.H., Great Lakes, Illinois for further treatment and disposition. O. F. Johnson Lt. Cmdr. (MC) U.S.N.R. L. R. Reynolds. Howard traveled by train. He left the hospital and boarded the train alone and he had a sleeper. He arrived at Great Lakes on May 26, 1945. The admission physical describes his wounds. There is a scar six inches long over the left side of the neck, a draining wound, over the left mid clavicula spine and a healed wound on the left scapula. He has a harsh raspy voice since the injury. X-ray record - x-ray examination of the left shoulder shows an old comminuted fracture of the outer 1/3 of the clavicle with evidence of considerable calcium, but not solid union. "",'M' E.E.N.T. 6-13-45, This man has a dislocation of the left arytenoid. The dislocation holds the left cord in midline. His voice will probably improve still more after he gets compensated for the new anatomical position. Lab - cbc and urinalysis were essentially negative. 6-2-45, patient can abduct the shoulder to 90 degrees, as well as anterior and posterior motion to 90 degrees. Physio­ therapy was staited for improved muscular tone and increased motion. The physio-therapy involved dusting the vertical blinds in the Officer's quarters. 6-4-45, there was an orthopedic consultation - There is a draining sinus from the compound fractured clavicle. 1. Curettement of the scar. 2. Tyrothricin dressings to the wound. (this was a substance isolated from soil bacterium.) 6-5-45, The sinus of the left clavicle was curetted this date. 6-8-45, Increased motion of the left shoulder. There is less drainage from the clavicle. 6-12-45, Progress is satisfactory. Draining sinus of the left shoulder, curetted this day. Diagnosis was changed from aneurysm antero-venous left carotid #202 to fracture compound 37 �left clavicle #2529. 6-16-45, Drainage is subsiding. Shoulder is less painful. 6-30-45, Sinus in shoulder region healing. Drainage slight. Has some pain. Drainage really continued even after his discharge as bone fragments carne to the surface. There is a piece of bone that Nancy kept with his Medals. 7-10-45, Patient states that since injury, whenever he flexes his head on chest, he has tingling sensation in both arms'. X-ray of cervical vertebrae ordered to determine if fracture or dislocation is present. 7-16-45, Range of motion in shoulder is normal. Has some pain on abduction. 7-17-45, X-ray examination of the cervical spine shows old compression fracture of the upper plate of C-6. 7-21-45 - 8-8-45, On leave. This was not his first time at horne. He had been home for a short time in June. Howard does not speak of this' as an especially happy period in his life. He denies being depressed. Maybe he was just tired of being sick and tired at 23 years of age. Mother Nancy had already become hard of hearing, and could of course not understand his whispering. Maybe that too, had some bearing. Sometime during his stay at Great.Lakes, Aunt Grace Doornbos visited him and they watched Bob Feller pitch, but in Howard's words he, "Couldn't care less." He "didn't feel good, no energy." 9-10-45, It was announced that Hiroshima was destroyed by a single bomb and three days later Nagasaki was A. bombed. On August 14th Japan :surrendered. While Howard was in Aiae in ""1fawaii, the remnants of the 5th Division were recuperating and training for the invasion of the home islands of Japan. This was frightening. The 27th Marines had been battered. Colonel Wornham's regiment which had landed with 36 officers and 885 men, now had 16 officers and 300 men, including replacements. Okinawa had come and gone with like statistics. President Truman was the Savior of this generation. Instead of the invasion, they were part of the occupation and rebuilding of Japan. 9-10-45, Orthopedic Consultation - Good function of the left shoulder, although still slight weakness about the shoulder girdle muscles. This should improve with use. No further treatments indicated. 9-12-45, ENT. Consultation - Voice has improved very much. Dislocation of the arytenoid the same and always will be. 9-13-45, Presented with Purple Heart. Howard said that one day, a nurse asked him if he had received his Purple Heart, he said no so she gave. him one. 10-1-45, The Medical Survey Board met and declared the injuries had made him unfit for service and recommended he be discharged from the USMCR. The board was composed of: G. H. Castle, Cmdr. (MC) U.S.N. R. E. Diffenderfer, Cmdr. (MC) U.S.N. 38 �J. C. Becker, Lt. (MC) U.S.N. Howard was transferred to the Marine Barracks, Great Lakes Naval Training Center for discharge. Howard was discharged on 10-26-45. He had served three years, eight months and 28 days. The length of his foreign service was ~ year, ~ months and 23 days. Until he left the gates in his '36 Ford, he always had to think about "going back", but no more and he was happy! All this happened before you and I knew Howard. I know him better since I recorded his experiences and I hope you will know him better in reading them. Of course, this isn't the end of the story. He married and had three children, a son in-law and two daughter5in-law~, all of whom he is extremely proud, and they in return gave him six grandsons and one grand daughter, all fine children. How different the world would have been without Howard. #"·'·L. . .• 39 -----------­ �In October of 1995, Howard and I attended a 3rd Battalion Reunion at Camp LeJeune, in Jacksonville, N.C. We met Gambino from the 3rd Platoon and Abadolla from I I ' Company, both who Howard remembered. Gambino always bummed cigarettes. Abadolla spent many years as a wholesale green grocer and also owned a taxi service. Both men were living in New Jersey. They recalled that Frank Newell, from the 3rd Platoon who was married by the Chaplin at Camp LeJeune died about 10 years ago. Gambino had been best man. Others remember seeing Lt. Weiss Carried back from the front lines on the backs of his men. We met Griffin a machine gunner from III company. He was badly wounded on the Matamkau and had extensive facial reconstruction. Although he and Howard did not remember each other, they knew many of the same people. Capistran from the 4th squad became Fire Chief of Chelsea, Massachusetts. Dawson from the 3rd Platoon survived the war and was living in Florida. Elbert Kinser who came in as a replacement while the unit was in Australia, became a Platoon Sgt. and was killed by a hand grenade on Okinawa, May 4, 1945. He was awarded the Medal of· Honor. His hometown of Greenville, Tennessee named a street and a bridge after him. His brother, Charles, is the Chief of Police. After we returned home, Howard wrote Aaron Dawson a letter, :........... and within a week he wrote back. He and his family live in ' Frostproof, Florida. He too returned to the states, but went back to the Pacific and fought and was wounded on Okinawa. He had rejoined his old outfit right down to the platoon and squad. Just before he left, back to back typhoons raked the island and his medical records were lost, but he is still trying to get his Purple Heart. Little did we realize when we left· Camp LeJeune what would result from a chance meeting with local Marines across a breakfast table, when they asked if anyone served with the 5th Division. A short time after we returned home, Howard received an application for membership in the 5th Division. He returned it just before Christmas. The day after New Years, he received his membership card and the membership list. Under the letter "S" was David Snell, Lorain, Ohio. David was the man in the shell hole with Howard on Iwo. He was dead! After mulling over all the possibilities, it was still impossible, but Howard wrote a short note. Two weeks went by and then one afternoon, the phone rang and 4u �the voice said, "This is David Snell, Are you O.K.?II Both thought the other had died. --­ He was one of 27 men out of 230 who walked off Iwo Jima. He went to Japan with the occupation forces. The man who died was his ammo carrier. Yesterday, Howard received a packet from a Fox Company organization with other names including his Platoon Sgt. Gibson. What a start to a New Year! ~ ...... ~. 41 �./ {j) <, , I �#"' ........' '-,-1 ��.~ d.--YL- k .2Au- ~ - !1/LfUr'\../ ~ .-L/~ tz:«. t'nA~--"~--V1 cr) )..~ n-e-e ;;/~ ~ I)~ ~~ ~ ~ (A/-<.LL.k) J- (!4f-n~ ~Z­ ~ ~ ht-v/c ~ ~ 4-t:) ~fa-(,G ~..{;..~_~ t:lud:..- 11 ~ u j.j,(~.-L ar;~ ~ ~G /LtL' l-:«: - J.~' ~/~, YlLA.- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BenninkH Title A name given to the resource Bennink, Howard E. (Interview outline, video, and papers), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennink, Howard E. Description An account of the resource Howard Bennink enlisted in the Marine Corps after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Bennink trained for six months at Camp Lejeune before traveling to New Zealand. He served in fought on Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester and Iwo Jima during his tour of duty. He earned a Silver Star during fighting in Cape Gloucester, fought off several bouts of malaria, and was wounded two weeks into the fighting on Iwo Jima. Grand Haven Tribune newspaper article and personal narrative appended to interview outline. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McCauslin, Kelly (Interviewer) Spring Lake District Library (Spring Lake, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Marine Corps World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-01-28 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a8a28f6568d1c48bca4bdcddcc013e2.pdf d32ab7e6a9f0a539bad6c51ab97b7a4a PDF Text Text yy~ nr, $ ^~ / #-(2, ~<QAAsC&Z.<%^ (2uZtu^T J~ ^ /& y !l&*>t^<-aZ~<_ / ‘■f'&zvr. , u& £ cP y C&Z&L. <l^£C^ ^^3-^C<S2stS Zf? J /ZfrziSL?' 64sC"% & .r 2 2X 2£_~ c_^^» '&'£^Z<2^0~J3 y^y y<yyyL j^zstyy \ y y c ^ e ^ ^ /^ o $ y ^y y r d jy yjzs& yy,. c$ &$-uyy y ^ &? c& y y y y �?7&c-77' '7 ^ J^ce^T & r � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB001 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 001] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-11-08 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, November 8, 1861 . During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9b512794510fc8ef5e67d79b975c5dd8.pdf 6be21198740aaea36f9864696c6a9d29 PDF Text Text �' c f.. t / ... £/& . ^ .. *>;„. ';- ^ L £<— ■ ^ i ^ t iA - . '%Y->Y^ i-L , & ■‘ * ^ ^ • ev ^Z r « . ^2_ , 2 . l . C •• _ ^ Ye f. ...Xf' - £ ^ / ic e t c- ^ * ^ /" £ .... X Z ^ t 4t ^ - ' - -^ ^ f j/ jt —*- C ^^Y ? Y e^ 4 f /< /X X z^X L- tf / .,L ^ .^ . . 6 ^ //^. / V //1. ~ '^//; 2 -. ' , ; o ^ c^ M sZ yt^ T^ X A jJ^ ; YY z> k - jf. (■ '&~oc<y *? & - Y j/ £ {■ . };; v / ^ /'’ ^ Y 'U l *Y ? S * ^ v / r / ^ T v ^ » -7 > x •w ' t C y .^ ’ fY „ ..., / J. .if. /~ '6 06 CyL-YC XX / £ & £ c* -X c^ /$ L l t ; X v: C f/ - Y ( W ^ CY \j~-&7<K-*:~. f/ - ; *r Y^z YY:Mt X!x -X/^X-r / £_■ . ■ YC^ J/ 'Z ^ tr- y *- - - - . / -S YtU'- y^Yc Y-YZ^2C - X S27.. L / 4 — /^v &6/ / X X ' . t j r' .... r <c/^ t. 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(^ o cy i , £••* / * c c S Z Z -l f ! < y cjt-z jz * c S * Q~cct :® ; .; Z &> y , " /w - u / 3 3 '2,.- f g. / / ' c ^ j y ^ * A £ lsc,, 1 7 & t>tCsL 6Z V c iz z z c a ^ r 7 ^7 6* t.-'&tsu' ' 7< y ? -r ^ 2 < .. l L- ' Z-c-S^S jl— / ZCA^ ' r / - i- ■ v ~ ^ <?*. / / T / 1H ^ / /'tVLyy- Z c& Z £ZC £ ' , '£&4*Lof y z 'cS S ^ — f M S z S ,£ ? . -V- I* 7 / Cc^t 3 ' ^ - & 2/}y C^Zst />C A yZ c -7 - ^ < &£ £ f 3 ( <■'- ...r , ,; , / - C*C*'■^ £ ts , G & c^ s& f .^ -^ .^ -— 7 ^ m ■'■,£■-, / £ £ *L*''f- c'y t ^ i- & y c ^ - 7 Y A ^ ’ <X^s<-~ > , / £ ft * , ^ ^ (i 8 /:. y ^ ^ / cC & frz« / 7 ^ (^ < y ^ y / / 3 jf 0y 7 , , ■ (f t it -/ ^ S 3 t^ c f (^z i y ^ z i/ , ? //, £. . i t ./ /./, €6t jC / y ,;. y ,jS "p-6y.fi \/ r u t J ^ .. v / L'Vsz^ C '3 ' ‘• ^ 'cj Z-^ ^^ /. ^ ^ ■ ^ 11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB002 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 002] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-11-10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, November 10, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c9fea4223be44e87c19e75415d225ccb.pdf 2d947c9ad9e07e70a37042f196dce0ce PDF Text Text a ^ O Z jL , £ p d "dn^& C . d z & ^ dC^L'^x. £s ]# ■£,£ / f /C y - < ~ ^y / C C c ^ t/f^ '/Z-r- f fe ' G '&7s<—y &1T2Z-C G d £ /’\'6&C- dG G t'is £x2y L£~ * 2 , y * , / r 'Z& lS* l/ G&w*- vL<^— C tf fi/UZ— 9 / l ^ - d&Z&tJ&f / j 2^&~z*G & frt< - ^ '"y^ y^~ Z xJ y* ^^ - V1 £ d u ^ ___ 92&ir2szsfr<Lp \ _ ^ 2 1 /- ^ y h ^ y ^ t^ - p ^ c ^ e /i^ ^ ^ - ' ^ G P tJ 3 ^ /2 2 s &yLi^2eZ , 6&r £ /L . /2 tSZ & y fis f' j^ ^ A -, g £ c^&&-z> c.— 2 y y ^ c ^ ., £&zl& £ 2 ^ 1 /? 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L / y y ^ ^ a y ^ Z cs a — 0 ^^ y /Z Z ^ Z ^ sy ^6 A y z-zc x ^ zy A xZ ^Z t^y zy zc sis 6 ZsZiZ zzz '/Z^hZtZT- ygriszxJZ- y r z ^ -z y �^0 Q fh dddc^ Z yy (SyP e^z^. y& ^ Z ^ zd L ztS O fd £yd& py~ Q ’ r y ^ y - y z y rt / Zyk& .•' 7% C *^ Z z^y d a l^ zZzz<? fc tT ^ c jy s z u # y z c _ '• '^ t> y d k ^ y -Z f ^ J P y zc P y y ^ - tr y z . d @ & z< y y Z z& tk -z ^ r /tk k ^ o k ^ - h y> P ^ y - c ^ Z /Z z ^ r /^ < -^ y z z y z ^ y y P Z a -^ y Z z y z z c* - <ct-OZZ- Z z^rZ ry 2 ^ < P Z zkz ^L zy ~ 'y z ^ tk iy L . kZ J^a y y&^z&Z~<UZ- J s u t^ ^ > z^ Z yyy ^ (Z T ^ y < yy 0 L ^y Z^ZZy. Z y y Z ^ ^ z z i - Z szt/ v-i <>&^' y f y /^ z & Z z ^ ^ ty k /iP / ! y y - 0ZCS ^ y L -j^ & -o e _ a y ^ y p p y - Z y y Z k jf{ jie y y t^ P ^ t £<9 ^ jy Z — y y -Z Z k e s— Z Z P - Z i^ o c ^ ^ y jZ ^ u ^ y i. ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB003 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 003] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-11-16 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, November 16, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bd06e31e827f1cd498d82ac55a6decc6.pdf 301d2f2b42165edc6b7f6d0cf122279d PDF Text Text ? / fz / / ^ L <£2_ ZA?&sz_ ! -^ i cl.nufettee^.- -t S '? ^ ^ S & S 'Zc/ZU „ & ? Aa^ ZAa&WL & / / ^ Jf£h0~z?C- A A z/AA^. <J^/~ Z x J y A&z/~n Z Jsy etvL / y y ^ A c/ xS/A A n // W ^ ^*2 ^ &/t£^ ZT- '£/®/#-zS l/ 8n^6U ou ^S /2^ Q y?^ /AL £sij@€S<2S ^ ¥~Q&vt sA A A j ZAtyjZ^ ^ ^ss^zts AA#y $/*— t • > Q ^^z<yyyj ^ / / c ^ / A n // C£is///L,y /y?_^ ^ l ycyX'C 'c// /? £-?+/, 6CJ £y? J u/ Am t ^ oA siy / 6u {? ^ y jyd //c//~ A n/ / ? /y*~- Q z&f'Z. /A & m £& sn n y y / Z s-f J^<s(?/L /A n / / A . Ad -///^sy / / /A y/A A @Ay<2s fA & / A j y M t, ^ i< n jA u y ^ ^ / /Ac?? yZ/m y^tn^<£c yL.Z ^ A & n /'C € m r d n a * * --/ / t t - g S A 'tm c / A£sA~A&tn~ //A #- / Zjzl Cc, / & z__ A^riy,'i^<. 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AyAyy A?7yz^Ac4*L^ z 'z *' S zcZ AAyA^-rnTZ^, y^u ^zA & ^ c<SLsG'^—. *y&te*y£/ c* i 7 & tc^ A'Ayyt*^ —* 7 / v &UyytyZ~, f Ttec- £ A y A L a T z y & s z - A ^ y 4i*?-z*Ls£- ZAAy^y ks&y±<7 cy <y& A ^y / y _6 cA y ~ -' cyA ^ZcTd Ay^oA AJAAz^ - - ' ^ y < !W / / A 71% y ii*AA(^ey S/fiLotytT z*^ �^ <J^! S u t^ jzjTl!^ - u? y C ^ -^ r t $ z r £ z ^ ~ Z » ~ <£y^c • £z~t2S sZ& 'ZsZ^ZZ' v2^z^~ t * <2^ 71. 9T^t ^ur t^t £L^&Z^T^cZ T & / //' ^2>Z'C- /. 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JNj y ? y /frz^e^- i (3 & ^ 7/(dueZuypJ y £ y ~ & u^u^, }/~fflcZ 4 ^ ^ az</uy f 4 4 / : in r^ ZTZt $ £ -. y j^ jy<r£p 4 J yL < 4 ^ Z * y ^ z Z / n Z Z 'TYtay^- d rp L / e ^ y - a~ PPtc^~/ £ jr 0~~zc<_ (J $ )^n r7 ^iy /Z & /~ < J $ /z&z*t~ zP c^z-ZpP ft/Zc^.AsT^c^y^ci^ Z z/ -0j£t%L<, pjf@ cc. h ^ l-,, 1&>^L #7s<- eZ * y £L V > pP l zy~ /Lz Zul. $ P y tz^ xs, /Ly~~ is z y P c&& X $-8~ -z & z y . Z y /£& y/dbu?. ^^&su^A^>xpZ£ V Z^eycY . v l/ '£& ojb. 4 ?r ■ /^2 ^ <^&t£^CcZ <y? ^ @ / cL ^ZcJ?y. y~ /?&ZJL 4 /^z-czyh& l. 4 y '// yiyyL jzZ u % <yy '■ ^ < u ^ tc y ^ S' \ ^ y Z y y y x yh^u y ^ y ^ z ^ -o yzztL, c ^ y y y * --- * y 4 £ T z2 z y . i- cy i^ jz-,, 4 & z z jy 4 ? � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB004 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 004] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-11-17 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, November 17, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/415c63711e50b88f489951facaa97120.pdf d4904b4118304c6a60b46d239ac95112 PDF Text Text �~ 2 X " / ; * - f ^ r ^ c ^ y / X X & fz x M iX X x ^ x ^ ~ £# , frzxzf d ^ L t d ^ - d A M u + y ^0 ^ M thM , < x M x / L - /£ & J$% rzn<-/cdL 'H &A T -'^c&t- '£ / ^ ^ ^ X x y A k j Z S ^ ^ /' C y / <?f d/M M / ^ rz^ y ^ ^ c £r A -. M M d rfx- d x 7&, 4^ / ^ ^ y>n^ '?*l . y y y^y* >V x ?t^y thus d££&z<x M o /^ ^ /A ^ 'Z /Z y 9 -Z4X '^ " y //A ttc M i'i. ^ d l^ ^ y y / ^ f y id / M ~£±/&Acy £d @ yyyyjy_. al? y iL y s ig A c j^ s /s ^ ^ y ^ o - % cc/ %/£ & & M / ^ ■ $~ • & / A rZ ./UXlS A M M ~~A z& y £ /^w* /y y . & a x j'x x .y , 2^ y ^ y M d s / al £ y~~ -zn rzo& C - d & y n y ^t^zj~^ tM # ./ J ^ ~ y ^ t . £0 ^ jb frZ 'Z ^ - . ,- ' ^ ^yL ' id U / M t r . -t^, J^ JC y /£'/& -* diXL*- X d U'T /Z tiM X — y y ^ y y S c y 't f ^ z J ^ y~~<U frz s J ^ M A /M z^^C ?/€s£Z dd<^ ^ x x x v- / i f / ^ a > y d^ r^ cc. ^7/tx /' j^ o ^ y ^ x y ^ y y cxxx.d d xx' L (Z & ^ — t^ 6-6x duy & t - % y fe & y y x y y * f y M ty ^ L X X ^ A' y & ^ & z y ^ & 4L- tx -^ y ^ , t j t/ k x x & ix l X Z j^ y ^ f l2^lc sL u M xxyx^ «2 ^ A /lX sl < £ /' $JT~~J^-Os't- e ls y £ « — <J& c£ t ^ y 4n x & l Z / ^ ?m? d /^ u y x d y y a ^ ^ y ml y y A A yy d A d y y �#__ £ cc£ k ~. •&£€*€*-' z& f Apt& jLy^® &£s ~ ■ -'*-#-tb# **-,' 7^ p z~ & , 2- £ ■ £ £&£*? & « s6ul 2 t& £ ~ ^i££*p<- %j^ zjcj2p€ J y^o £&* 7^4y-@ 4zl &z Ac. &/?ny&£ &A& pc&£ £d ^ /L . A&£y&z*L ,/£& —, z C / vi&SuZA ts ^ fi-o o f &O L ?A?*j2 ~££&Z-y i*£±*y & /A ^ .^ / ! ^ Icrz^A ^ <&zt6</ ^ , w /f /r / * -u / v £~&^z^ L /AtX.'iy^ Z tfc 2< jzu d - /£# Aajl_ ^e& 2,/£ ? lA , ZPt. t4 CZ' "Az~ £jfJL. l / Z j y / ^ £ * -£ $ • 'Z /zm, 12—" �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB005 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 005] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-11-22 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, November 22, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/87a850cdfc09120c4293a38b075a48e9.pdf a3b939cd46d80bfdbf97cebb10f1a2ad PDF Text Text �Pz/'Z?■*&&_ s^vz/ $tA-. &ZZ*/Z^Le—// 0W 2^ £^44^Z04Ji*SJ, h&^rp&z) p y S ^ y y y ^ -rp , 4 b-Cv£df 'ZitrQ0^~ j&yrzjz &tiA*. <Z8 ^ /ZZp^L jZ&tsC/Z-- *#~c£4*s-j* /<>2i&j^ r '-tf^zn^ &JLO-..0ZsSJty fZ/zr 7/ o z s t y w 4c Au^-#& 'X^Z ^ « , j; -> ^ ^ 7 v^ZZiit./t/b-Zf&zcZtZ^-^jZzu-^uy^-r~*3ZZ/Z7/ ~^Zf^]&'~Z07^L~Z'z* 4a (ZZc^HL £ % Z Z c p p / - ^ ^ • u e - ^ d e Z /i Zmzg?z> -^^■^t>Z&yd/-7rt^af-'~jry~2rnyy ± 33s T u a i ^ u. t y i fesuM-&£z/~ ^ y^dzrsr/pywyzf ' ^ ^ 7- ^ r istyZjz^f ^TZZjtf/ - ^/ ' ' , - ,-„ -------- ZZ y ------------------^~ --- -s f yy / r nS py^pyv p p p ^ y ^ e 7 y&zac x ^ <JLc. *zz^z_ , I / ^ 7 'i&fay J $? 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Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB006 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 006] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-11-11 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, November 11, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e0753e748d2ecf7c8aefd80d0f594d3b.pdf 7c0ed1f9e52420f7d9f4afa9bdc0dba7 PDF Text Text �'Z trv ^ £ ^ 'x & x f c^~yZz*-^ £L^& Z. £'&<-' £L<z2x rAz&ttXlsX- ^r __ / z2x?yV z_ ^ j ?—~' -ycr^^vo yyyyptyi-AC ~~rf ^e^Sz. ^zx x^ -Jr* * 'Z c d t^ L ^ "y z * ys%? 'V'iz^j. 0# x <2fe^_ (X -a y & Z Z Z A #&i>?z- . V / ^ W w ^ _ y ^ 1 'pz£& ¥ y y , 'p v '/zcotfrd- — j i / z y ^ /zw z< /& z z iz ^ y . ' rr9 ^ ~r>^urf -p p r? jip /^ trr£ r7 7 Q _ f f ^ ^ V ' y ^ x X ^ a A i/ y I 09 X X 's £ e k S ~ . yX X cx. ~**442p < . a a x Jx’ r?z&&y- , C g ^ ryxxc^ /Zxz&zty^1— xj? {p ip y* ^ s £ £ X te €4? 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Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB007 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 007] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-12-01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, December 1, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/356649f9163118e795c08dc6c8da69e7.pdf c8aa311ddce2a7317c8b0e1e5aa14a1a PDF Text Text �'/ C { r“ Z ^ & C C J ^ <Zd /tAb^scyA Z> 6L&z^/tf Zt^&csu-* Z d A A &&~ / A ty r Sty <2p p z <— £ / ^ oolZ / Z & y SdJ /A ^zS t <2/ Z<3&^<~~t SL X X 2P p SZ &4efe'Ze_Ji4P6LsI z2/£jl. ijt^<—, Z z r /pT^jL^., ZAAfz£~ Z2z~~ L tZ A ^ o Z u ^ ^ C _ - S t M -^ a t Z ^ Z /Sr~J S z iZ Z A * A Z S & ffs ^ z& tZ Z ^ y A ~ s&ypczgZ- Z A sL Z z S y ^ Z (tfZ ^ ^ >/2 ^ ^ / & - - >&£^- 'i C tj & sZ ppz ~ fan^Z.. 9t? S?&P24j Z_^ /A z 2&Al A e /t^ A st /-^cs 'Szipti o Z z ^ p p ^ o z Z i OS z y y Z &&*ZU2 A rpdiC*- ZSZc/zZ l^ P k ^> AAA^. /?2P&f2/l/l fr'o Z & tS tA ; S t y z n ^ tZ A . G ^PdPtZ £P<£^24SZ4*^ /S^& 0&UL~* AXuSf steely r& 'Z - Sp A / A ctifc- A A u s jz A ^ ztc A Z z^ ?P U L. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB008 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 008] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-12-04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, December 4, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a9edf6e3ebe67f657cef7bd544472900.pdf 270267c4745f5f320dc738f9090dee07 PDF Text Text �4 4 & ?'C S '&S^4s£<— 44, a* /? 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Z Z / c - Y a s jl . <3a#t- cZ o ,m y & th S T Z fZ 92t.y °Z < p Z o~ Z cZ r~ &?■ '■ *^e' z s? m /-> l °zzc<~ , A/d^A^a?, y~ 0 ^ ^ z£ ^ cZ t& ^ c— Z%u*/>, ^ t c , fi£&- fZ Z Z ZZH9^- 0£72€^ ^;.6j2Zz^ZyCZZZU Zy Zo t Z a Z Z 2' O&r 0 c ^ <2jz £ Z &&e_Ctevz-/Ze <jz W _ c '^Y&Zjl . , <z% r de> ^ - �^ t^jz^ /Z&~ S l^ JT yd d &&ZJ2-'&e£^-> j^ n ?~ t?^ £ fcd j£ /£ ir Z Z ^ Z £lgj2^ z^ J zZ^-z^y? C&& < ^ n ^ ~ &>£~ £ ^ zn ?L $72%4z£ ~ te d d L s £ i r - l / Z c u 2 a Z i & u^ * ^ ^ Z Z lz Z d ?Z&Z^2?ZJp zZ Z ^ d -~y*?o7^>r £&}-z> d & Z d . ^ <Le> ?Jz<&Z <ZZ £^aZ~~ J $ V24*sc<£Z~ o Z Z ^ J--' A&p^&t-££/ / T r 7& /'£& £ l. le ^ t^ - &t Z^p^ £&&£-.. te J2 & e ^ z j?(— O zj~ $ X Z i^ j£ * c Z ~ > liX^&JL__ Z Z Z ^ ~ ^-€£&4LT ^ cZ Z ^ $ 2 ^ * Z Z fo -Z tZ Z ^6- ^4/ /d#-er^ /Zsz&z&frZ^l^ T & ^ Z Z Z Z Z ^ C^z Zgr-v Ti/ZscdZ /£ d "d> � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB009 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 009] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-12-06 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, December 6, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9456785278a79bd905ce09674e55bb36.pdf 668eae1505c33c470247c5a2bd10ac67 PDF Text Text ��f l d f e z O ' Z / T Z c f f y . / ^ t_ f f Te ^ fffa f'^ A A z a ^ c / /PU ^ZPZiy t $ ^Zt^ZSZ. S ^ - ^ oC j (P7^fyUP^'J'Sc^ , £ ■ « * * o Z o ../fflc& Zjej o# & Zt~" ^s&T^Zs' ~ ^2^C Z£s7&yyjZ Z O riyU y^ i97Z&Zf Z o ;>^£, O ffZ& ZtJZ rZ y&/ Z&&&6&OC. 4 4 Z # '72#Z i w / z ^ 4 & '&e~7ZJ<9?£- Z zr 77& ----- ‘ ~?t*''l>? w* yy-t^c^- Z Z &$~'* JZ <0^77' 7 7 7 '2#OtZ l /£7)y'6> TOTt Z Z / z Z - o J -yw ^T Z S' ~ ^ > f 72z77£7777uQfaffy. SZ/T^yc- /(yiz& is tyz^ Z y* y * * rt> jf/ ZZtzO? tZ ~ o j f7 ^ ^ j9 z 4 4 l7 7 ^ / /ZZ~ Z Z pz, v% £_ 7yZffZ-£~ Z Z Z e^ .^TT^O #^ }^ T tc ^7y7^_ — y -/ 4 Z fo Z r Z72— Z Z Z Z tZZzO #*' CM& ~ 7> ^ y^ t^ ri) '/&£. J*2-&(ld o Z Z ^ 7 _ P Z n t —xutx& ^p ^ ertfZ ^ //P rpn*V F , yzw z-A T 7 4 ~ vtn ffn -pa '■>** <s/Z&02-?r> i/ ~ * 2 ?m ^ ~J/p?2/ / ' ^ rf/ Z 'Z , , _ _____ _ ff *~7*~*~*fe z $/ 2 tl &-&CZ. fa S ^ r?7/W . ,-^fay y p o ^ y fa v yty9^^c^ yZ7/ke^ iff £ ^ 2 2 j4 ~ y ^ T T ^r^7 ^7^7 flk zZ Z -- ZfaOlLTOy 7%7- yZZ~^7x7 /ffffj 6L ^ ~ "& #7# t& y'Z'Z& T j?yy Z T T cfffaL ‘j k ' r ' f f r y , &Udpy fa y /rJs% T^rz $t - yjQyPt^&T' Z 4 ^ 4 Z - 7 ^ ff& 4Z Z \ /'f& s'Z '-02. ' ffzjp -rZ/yj *, : ^7. c @£ fa �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB010 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 010] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-12-08 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource DeCorrespondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, December 8, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection of correspondence and diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e5b8fc793644bd1ea669d78ccdeb4a1d.pdf fdbc5c741d25711f57bafe3f9e14256e PDF Text Text �/^/AAcd — SZ'^^^^AA^A' , cC^@i/&Aa ZxaZL rT w ^ a Z A ?A<Ac<_/Zr^ A ’Lt Mj ^ .c X ~ -.X 9 d 4 jX '/(^ , A Z A -' XA mX • S t^K s// J^ - A A ^ e ^ ^ Z A ' &>*!/ J^ e X T ~ Z ^ e -'7^><UZ^Z/ ~ A zz^e ^ Jh A z £ g _ ju X v ~ ££ -> , A £L- Q ^ytz/i^j^- ^ c - / L a:^zavi££C Ao AA'a - a Z 7 tz A £ £ A A a ^ y AZA oA& a -e Z Z ~ a ^ lc c a a / s^olA $ £ AAAAA- y h ^ A A Z z ^ .j y aX~ J-.t$ Z^ aA^ z ^ uy ^ r z >~~, A^te A $ A aXe iA e * u J l/ A& r- &Za /^^jy&M yzjiuaf X e n -^ £^2~ &~ AAasXc* X A AAee/" . t^X zZ A / w . < ^ ^ ?&&■£A A l.h ^^iZ c ^-C -y <f/ ----/ / ft A z^Aa a Z A A £•£-*— / A ' A cetf^^A ’X A r . 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(yyy^yy^cyZ~/y' y^yZ y^^~ ^^ jy^u?Z / - -(L£szz£ Ztzz^Qy V O ^A ^O y^u ^z^sU L ^r */ yczzzzz- 'Sw/Ptn 'y ^ y r y y ^ p ^ z y / y p / ^p • ip jy y (j/ ? y/z^ & z y y u & ‘ Z ^ < y * y y v ^ r y -'-^ L P ^ y ^ r i y <yz-ZZ/7)— yj-ZZV’iP&c ------------------------ ' ' ---z ^ .. . —*yyr? - » —^H a Z - ~ »? 7 ^ Jc’y ^ -o j^ y * IC y ju Z y 6£<zL,'666&1 ,£ -& Z C L L u Z r *77 Z1 ~ yp ~ y p % ? y y ?z z ,z r *o-&ff/ ? y L-€>Z-& .S& Z rZ y ZZ ^ U y CCZZZ<uZ Z y ^ @y&-CsL.~ . ------" Zr>^y?Trjy-yz yJ r # i <k Zq>Z y2 ~ w -y T T ir y y x z y ^ z y - ^ y S ^ -D &Z< ( ?(LZ< '!-yZ £ y/-l ^ zZ u _yyz^(Ls^ __^ 0 l ~. ?t y y /^ v ^ ^t^Z e siy A y y ^ ^ c y -- §-&^ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB011 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 011] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-12-10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennittof Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, December 10, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9d37930d486d56d82e7d1c54f79f765f.pdf 55854296010a54ab54df61116028d51a PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB012 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 012] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-12-14 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, December 14, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e0732cf669c1fff3900eb23d0e451d44.pdf 9e013ac5b4cd952b8b399954db31f88c PDF Text Text Z ry t ^ - d fa u ^ d y <%&£ ,%/2OtcO' d fa : y..e£ ~ y fa fa ^ ^ A A f? u _ fr u v . 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S ^ , IrzX S c, au^ a*^ - / / / / S z cz z j^ z z a &~ (Zyz. &£££S'OZ£ A Z? / £ S y z u cz S /2;szzz'-~ g& ^ jh iS a S S - , &2S^O zz> ^ ^ e ^ Z / $ £ f a£&~ Zzt^ 7J /^ 2~ s M ~ ^d-jf e Z Z - S c ^ Z S z t - / tl% A Z /e^KZ& Z �jo ^ T ^ u^ r 7 r? 7 ^ , \£y%j2A^- ^ /^ utC <2l ^ , £ /£&~ (?^> U ^~ 7£fr~ ‘V / v - 0K , &?> l -# 2 ^ 2 ^ + t $401/ n ^ yC /^~/z /Z(J~dL/ijO£? OoTytyij^ I 7/^0^ y& ccJL ' ftzAdjt^ 2e/. ^ . '£/£&a ^ ( jh - '> ^ £ . * l& c#y~ ^ d !jfr# z~ Sa c M aC- ^ Z J i^ ju- | ^ K— 0 ?sty?T d S - S c t^ tM ^ u ^ y y z ^ y (&/&^Zy crzJT^t- £&UcA~ #y£AS fiw a ?/ JzfrA L. /^U ^C - /M jl^, Zfo&L. 3U h^o£ jA 7zgy^^ �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB013 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 013] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-12-15 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, December 15, 1861. During this time, Bennitt is enrolled in classes in the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 1 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Mich.) Centreville (Mich.) Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives