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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

Campaign for Volunteerism/Michigan's Year of the Volunteer
UPDATE ON NEW AND EMERGING VOLUNTEER CENTERS
(September 16, 1992)
Campaign mission: To promote volunteerism across the state of Michigan and to create
a CLIMATE OF COMMITMENT to volunteering which permeates Michigan's
leadership, its institutions and its communities.
GOAL 1; Help to increase/improve the structures which support volunteering in
Michigan's institutions and communities, especially VOLUNTEER CENTERS,
but also including: school volunteer programs, college student volunteer
bureaus, workplace volunteer councils &amp; incentives, and many others.
GOAL 2: Help to increase volunteering, especially the 35% of citizens who
express willingness to volunteer but do not.
Existing MI Volunteer Centers
Albion
Alpena
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing
Midland
Niles/St. Joseph
Saginaw

ref:9/16/92,newvacs.lst,prg\cmpvl,6300

New or Emerging Volunteer Centers

Adrian
Lawrence
Alma
Marquette
Big Rapids
Monroe
Cadillac
Mt. Pleasant
Caro
Muskegon
Cheboygan
Pontiac
Escanaba
Port Huron
Hillsdale
Roscommon
Holland
Sault Ste. Marie
Houghton/Hancock/L'Anse Southgate
Howell
Three Rivers
Jackson
Traverse City
Lapeer
Zeeland

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
\n alliance to promott giving, voiuMeervig and a a rang, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan,

September 17, 1992
Memo to Trustees:
When we founded the Forum, we all hoped that it would gain momentum and become
bigger than ourselves: a bigger voice, a bigger movement for change and betterment. Your
small and valiant staff at MNF was planned to be only the tip of the iceberg of a growing
alliance for caring, effective communities in Michigan.
I am very pleased to report and document that the vision is still clearly in sight after two
years, and that the activities and conversations of the Michigan Nonprofit Forum have reached
far beyond 34 Kellogg Center. As hoped, the goals we set last fall and winter 1991 have taken
on a life of their own, becoming part of the ongoing work of many organizations across the
state. And as envisioned in the original proposal of the Founding Members, we have identified
and continue to nurture nonprofit networks and leadership summits in communities across the
state to become more conscious and deliberate about the purposes and future of the nonprofit
sector.
Format of this Report: Some of you know me well, so you know my appreciation of
metaphor and non-linear analysis. I framed this report with the metaphor used by our outside
evaluator, Christopher Clark, that MNFs strategy and impact can be seen as "widening circles,"
as a pebble dropped into a deep pool. "Widening circles" are not always easy to time, or to
track, or to evaluate. But enough evidence is apparent for us all to take heart that MNFs work
already shows some measure of success.
So I begin with (1) MNFs inner circle: the member organizations of the governing
board. Next come (2) the organizations joined actively in our committees. As expected, they
have carried our small torches and seem ready to take on the larger ones in the making (such as
the White Paper and its related policy and accountability issues).
But MNFs mission is large, and we cannot be satisfied with only these captive
audiences. MNF has identified nearly 350 networks of nonprofits in Michigan. Now that we
know how to reach them, can we tell whether we are heard, or whether our messages are
worthy of their attention? And what about the larger Michigan community? MNF is not a trade
association, serving the interests of its members. It is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit serving a public
mission. As I wrote in our founding proposal to the W.K. Kellogg Foundation:

�MNF will, for the first time, create a statewide mechanism for dialog, planning and
cooperative action among all stakeholders in the nonprofit sector. ... The activities of
the Forum will address voluntarism, philanthropy and the nonprofit sector not as
proprietary functions but as public goods, which broadly affect the state's economy,
polity and quality of life, and which therefore merit careful analysis and planning, human
resource and organizational development, and dependable investment.
So this report will also look at (3) ways MNF has successfully reached outside its family and
friends, and (4) ways MNF has prepared products to serve a less personal audience with just as
encouraging an impact.
(1} Organizational Members of
MNFs Governing Board
After the first year which was dominated by the maturing involvement of the founding
members, all trustees and their organizations have explored and expanded their relationships with
MNF as an organization and an alliance. Many spin-off activities have resulted — most often as a
result of Governor Romney's leadership in the Campaign for Volunteerism, but including many
other areas as well.
The emphasis on volunteering is understandable, since the most common motivating force
shared with me when we created the Forum was the power of voluntary action and the
importance of cultivating altruism for the future of our state and nation. As you read about and
celebrate your colleagues' accomplishments, though, I urge you to consider how we have also laid
groundwork for the broader challenges that are now upon us. In our original proposal, we
promised to identify and assist "local and regional structures" as a strategy for bridging our statelevel alliance to real community life in Michigan. I believe we have accomplished this
commitment and have built it into MNFs core structure.
Michigan Association of School Boards: In support of their participation in MNFs
Volunteerism Committee and the Campaign for Volunteerism, MASB adopted a resolution
(drafted at their request by MNF staff) strongly encouraging student community service programs
in the schools. As a result of MNFs networking efforts, MASB committed to work with the
Volunteer Centers of Michigan to link school districts more effectively with existing volunteer
centers, and to support school/community collaboration in cities now creating volunteer centers
MASB also intervened and secured the participation of school board members in the Grand
Rapids Leadership Summit on Volunteerism on August 25. We are now working with all 13
existing volunteer centers and 26 additional communities to launch local Leadership Summits on
Volunteerism, and MASB has clearly demonstrated that it is a strong and effective partner in this
initiative.
Michigan Association of School Administrators: MASA also has demonstrated a strong
and active commitment to MNFs goal of promoting volunteering. In response to Grand Rapids'
call for help in getting representation by school leadership in their August Leadership Summit,
MASA worked through professional networks and secured the attendance of superintendents

�from eight contiguous school districts. In fact, contrary to discouraging expectations, precollege
education had the largest contingent of local leaders of any sector!
Michigan Community Action Agency Association: MCAAA's promotion of MNFs goals
has taken a while to surface, but it came in a flood! For the last year and more, Herb Yamanishi
has shared information with his members on the Campaign for Volunteerism and this unique
opportunity for Community Action Agencies to serve their communities in a leadership role. All
of a sudden, his efforts and MNFs follow-up information have resulted in this dramatic response:
the CAAs in Caro, Escanaba, Hillsdale, Lawrence, Pontiac, Port Huron, and Sault Ste. Marie are
taking the lead to form volunteer centers and work with MNF to launch a Leadership Summit on
Voluntarism. In addition, I learned that several others, as in Jackson and Traverse City, are
actively involved in the local coalition for the same purposes.
Michigan Community College Association: Not more than a week into his new office as
Association Chairman, Clyde LeTarte met with me and defined a challenge for his colleagues:
How can the community colleges take an active part in the Campaign for Volunteensm and in
MNFs larger work to serve the nonprofit sector? Using Alpena Community College as a model
(which houses and substantially supports the Alpena Volunteer Center), he has called a meeting of
the presidents to design next steps.
And in recognition of the nonprofit sector's massive needs for management training and
assistance, Connie Julius (MCCA's Director of Communications and strong MNF partner) is
assisting an alliance of nonprofit service providers in the design of telecommunication linkages for
low-cost training that will reach every corner of the state. MNF first initiated this alliance nearly
two years ago — consistent with its original proposal to the Kellogg Foundation ~ and will assist
Connie and the Kellogg Community College with an inaugural meeting in November.
Presidents Council. State Universities of Michigan. In April, the Presidents Council
adopted a resolution supporting the purposes of the Campaign for Volunteerism, and state
universities across Michigan are participating in local Leadership Summits on Volunteerism. In
addition, Glenn Stevens has committed to helping state universities link more directly with local
volunteer centers, possibly on the corporate volunteer program model.
State universities are also strong partners in MNFs Scholars Network. The Director of
Research at Western Michigan University, for example, responded to a request from President
Diether Haenicke by urging every faculty member to be aware of MNFs research network and
our efforts to compile a research directory for Michigan. As a result, we continue to receive
detailed descriptions of current research by WMU faculty on the nonprofit sector. We anticipate
that similar responses from other colleges and universities will result in an extensive directory for
distribution at the December 10-11 Research Conference on the Nonprofit Sector that MNF is cosponsoring with Wayne State University and the Nonprofit Michigan Project at MSU.
State universities are also among the leaders in the emerging education programs for
nonprofit professionals and young people. MNF has had a hand in a few of these new programs - such as the MSU Masters Degree in Public Administration/Nonprofit Management and the

�Grand Valley State degree in nonprofit communications. Mostly, though, these programs are
emerging as a result of the growing student demand and practitioner market in the nonprofit
sector. MNF continues to track these programs, and we will expand our
GrantmakersVGrantseekers displays (which included several degree programs) to include a
planned 1993 directory of Michigan programs.
Association of Independent Colleges and Universities of Michigan: The independent
colleges nationally were already documented leaders in student volunteerism before MNFs birth.
They also had a disproportionately high number of courses incorporating themes of philanthropy
and voluntarism, because of their heavy liberal arts emphasis. Perhaps for this reason, AICUM
member colleges have been especially responsive to MNFs mission. During the last two years, I
was invited to help administrators and faculty teams to explore new degree programs at several
colleges: Calvin College, Walsh College, the Lawrence Tech School of Management, and of
course the Thomas M. Cooley Law School's law clinic for nonprofits. AICUM member
presidents have been involved in many MNF programs, and — thanks to Ed Blews — Lawrence
Tech contributed much of the professional work for the Summit taping and editing (nearly
completed). They will also broadcast the tape in full during the fall.
Council of Michigan Foundations: In addition to Dottie Johnson's effective leadership in
the fall membership campaign, CMF has also made regular contributions to MNFs work to serve
the nonprofit sector in Michigan. Cutting-edge research has been put in our hands, and a regular
Flinders Update column is in the works for the newsletter. Community foundations are kept
informed about the Campaign for Volunteerism and their key roles, and they have already been
alerted to the forthcoming Give Five Campaign (1993-94) which will need their active
participation. Dottie also participated in the shaping of the national White Paper by the
Independent Sector (8/92), which is now in the hands of the MNF White Paper Committee.
Through CMF, the work and progress of this alliance reach the funding community in short order
United Way of Michigan: Local United Ways are key leaders in the Campaign for
Volunteerism, thanks to Bob Ivory and his vice president, Gene Keilitz at the United Way of
Michigan. Currently, the United Ways are taking the lead in starting volunteer centers and
working with MNF to launch local Leadership Summits in Alma, Big Rapids, Howell, Jackson,
Mt. Pleasant. The United Way in Holland already successfully launched its volunteer center and
Leadership Summit with Governor Romney in May, 1992.
The United Way of Michigan has also become actively involved in planning the
Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar this year, seeing it as a critical resource for UWs in this state.
Their active concern about nonprofit accountability will be key in the development of the
accountability initiative by the MNF Public Policy Committee this fall (with possible funding from
the C.S. Mott Foundation).
Michigan League for Human Services: With the development of the League's nonprofit
insurance program, they have become an even more important resource for Michigan's nonprofit
sector. Although MNF can take no credit for this important development, we sure can get the
word out, as we do every day. The increasing number of callers are only the leading edge. With

�the spread in our forthcoming newsletter (a double issue, also showcasing both the Campaign for
Volunteerism and the White Paper), nonprofits in every cranny of the state will know about the
League's valuable services and products.
Michigan Ecumenical Forum: In addition to MEFs advocacy of the Campaign for
Volunteerism through its Leadership Forum and other vehicles, Steven Johns-Boehme has taken a
special interest in the dilemma of the nonprofit postal rate. How do you take such a deathly
boring subject and spotlight its life and death importance to small, often voiceless nonprofits?
Steven was aggressive during the nationally-successful advocacy campaign to preserve the
nonprofit subsidy (he was assisted by the Independent Sector and a few other partners), but he
and we must be prepared to make an eloquent, moving and ultimately convincing case next year.
(2) Related Activities of
Other Participating Organizations
In addition to MNFs "family," we have enjoyed the company of many "friends" who have
served as partners and collaborators on MNF committees, programs and early navigations. They
participate, I hear, not because they want to help a fellow nonprofit corporation or me or you but
because they see benefit in what MNF represents, for themselves, their colleagues and
communities. That doesn't mean that we have necessarily fulfilled those expectations, but we
have grown together with them as we sort out expectations and choose those that are truly
worthy, unique and possible.
Campaign for Volunteerism: Under Governor Romney's leadership and with unanimous
board approval, it was the Michigan Nonprofit Forum which identified and convened the members
of the Campaign for Volunteerism Committee in late 1990. This was no small task, and they were
no easy lot. Many had come to view each other as direct competitors for limited support dollars - in fact, a few saw MNF as one more competitor. It took eighteen months of hard work to move
the committee forward to action.
But when it happened, it came all at once. This spring, commitments and resolutions and
conference themes and publications began to appear everywhere, promoting the Campaign and its
unanimously adopted mission and goals. Over the last two years, communities were invisibly
working on strategies to accomplish Governor Romney's challenge — sometimes as a direct result
of MNFs publicity or member advocacy, often with MNFs early help. In a few cases, I am told
that the Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar first lit the spark, as in Cadillac, Cheboygan and
L1Arise. In at least three cases - Cadillac, Zeeland and Three Rivers - the publicity by the State
Chamber of Commerce helped local Chambers step forward as the lead organizations. In many
others, it was the leadership of our partner Barb Bradford at the Michigan Department of Social
Services to her local branches - at least in Adrian, Cheboygan, Houghton/Hancock, and
Roscommon. And now we have 26 communities actively pursuing strategies to hard-link
volunteering to some of their most stubborn and debilitating challenges.

�During MNF's early months, I traveled far and wide in the state to talk and listen, and I
often found that the Campaign themes touched a responsive chord. Now, the Campaign has
generated new interest and important resources for implementing local visions.
In the past few months and with MNF's help and the help of other collaborators, the
Volunteer Centers of Michigan secured the first direct funding of this Campaign. With those
grants to VCM to provide technical assistance on volunteer center start-up and to operate an
(800) number on volunteering, they were also able to become a staffed association for the first
time — setting the stage for MNF to appropriately shift the Campaign's administrative
responsibilities to their Lansing office (with their preliminary approval).
Now, MNF has entered a new phase of the Campaign, funded in part by Michigan Bell
and, if approved, by the C.S. Mott Foundation. MNF's role has reverted to those things we do
best: statewide communication, working through networks to reach leaders in large numbers
of communities, and coordinating Leadership Summits among local business, government and
nonprofit leadership to support the volunteer infrastructure. As agreed by the Campaign
Executive Committee (which included MNF), MNF has been initiating, coordinating and
following up a series of strategic consultations between Governor Romney and local leaders (in
business, government and the service sector) in 30-35 communities around the state. Already,
Governor Romney has met with leaders in Alpena, Holland, Grand Rapids and Mt. Pleasant.
(A full roster of participating communities appears under Tab 7.)
In addition, MNF has served as an information clearinghouse, circulating cutting-edge
information on volunteerism to the more than 10,500 key community leaders and nonprofit
professionals on our mailing list. The upcoming issue of MNF*s newsletter will showcase the
Campaign in a special insert. In this way, we can spotlight our local and statewide partners in
far-reaching ways that would otherwise not be available to them.
The Grantmakers/Grantscekers Seminar #5 (GG51 Program Committee: This is more
than a conference planning committee. It is, in microcosm, much of what MNF mission
asserts: that we are all partners in serving a larger mission, the public good. Each year during
eight planning months, the committee brings together grantmakers, development professionals,
and CEOs representing a wide range of nonprofit fields.
The GGS planning process is also beginning to take on the coloring of the Forum's ongoing mission, rather than a free-standing one-day event. Valuable themes drawn from past
Seminars have been identified ~ such as the role of the media, and evaluation — and are being
addressed this year as continuous MNF issues, drawing from and contributing to MNF's other
work. For example, Colette Murray from Henry Ford Hospital chairs the media session again
this year, and is working with MNF staff to conduct a series of conversations with media
leaders over the next eight months, leading up to the May Seminar and continuing beyond it.
The public policy session will draw on the work of the public policy committee and the White
Paper. The Campaign for Volunteerism's wrap-up of the Year of the Volunteer and the kickoff of the Give Five Year at GGS is also being largely planned by all the collaborating
organizations.

�NSFRE — Michigan Chanters: This is a special partnership I want to spotlight for you.
The Michigan NSFRE Chapters have been staunch and loyal partners in the GG Seminar since
the beginning - not only with their time but with their generous financial contributions each
year. They have also begun an important new tradition in Michigan, starting this fall with the
largest celebration of National Philanthropy Day in this state on November 19, 1992, when the
first George W. Romney Award for Volunteerism will be conferred on Joseph L. Hudson, Jr.
MNF assisted with the planning of that event in a small way, and we will publicize it as much
as possible.
The Michigan Chapters have also proposed to expand the event next year to become
Michigan Philanthropy Day, when all the chapters would join together across the state. And
they proposed tentatively to me that MNF may be the proper host for this event.
Whether or not MNF becomes the host or continues as a supporting partner, I wanted
to share with you this important development for Michigan's nonprofit sector. And it is
evidence, I believe, of a maturing partnership between key players on the Michigan scene.
(3) Reaching Outside the Circle of
Family and Friends
The local Leadership Summits on Volunteerism begin to open up MNFs work much more
than in the past. Our larger contacts were limited by staff time and have been restricted to
mailings and my travel as a speaker or resource person ~ a good way to begin giving MNF
visibility, but the wear-and-tear on your executive eventually begins to show! Now MNF is
giving systematic assistance to community leadership groups that should mature over time into
continuous communication on nonprofit issues.
White Paper: As you will see under Tab 6 and hear in committee reports, the White Paper
process if well underway and promises to be MNFs most significant undertaking so far. Janne
Gallagher of the Independent Sector drafted a discussion paper for us, at the same time that she
completed the draft of the first national White Paper for the Independent Sector in Washington
DC. Only a few days later, I was fortunate to be able to participate in the shaping of another draft
White Paper by our national association, the National Council of Nonprofit Associations (also
under Tab 6 — although this draft has been substantially changed. The revised copy is still being
reviewed by NCNA's counsel, after which it will be faxed to me and from me to you.)
Summits: The tapes of the first Summit are near completion - in fact, a "draft" of the
short video may be available for viewing after the September 23 meeting!
The next steps for the Summit tapes will dovetail into both the White paper process and
the local Leadership Summits on Volunteerism in these ways: We must link into existing
structures if we want to have a wide reach. You each can arrange dialogues within your
memberships, but beyond that we must find gathering-places that would be conducive to the
conversations we hope to initiate So a strategy is being developed by your committees that will

�apply to the White Paper, the Summit Tapes, and all future endeavors to disseminate discussion,
reflection and ultimately shape informed action.
The next Summit falls out of the White Paper process and tape dissemination. There are
two reasons for this strategy that come immediately to my mind. One is conceptual: The White
Paper addresses the themes of Summit #1, putting them in a larger context- and Summit #2 will
follow from the conversations generated by the White paper and the videos. The other reasons is
practical: Your staff is tiny, though energetic, and you each already have a full plate ofyour own.
For anything at all to be accomplished, we must carefully interweave our goals, or else be satisfied
with more mundane outcomes.
Other Outreach: There are some other ways that MNF has become linked with the larger
community ofnonprofits. Through the Scholars Network, we are becoming familiar to scholars
and educator in every institution of higher learning in the state. Through the Nonprofit Resource
Directory update we have nearly completed (to update and expand the Accounting Aid Society's
1989 directory), we have become known and used as a resource by service providers in nonprofit
associations, education institutions, and private £inns serving every kind of management need.
This guide, by the way, seems to be among the most attractive benefits noticed by potential
members.
Speaking of membership: This large and unfamiliar body is another new audience for us.
As your staff develops the skills and routines to maintain a membership - a new challenge to your
resilient staff- I know that we all will recognize new opportunities and amazing co-travelers.

(4) Other MNF Products and Activities
More, you say? I will be brief. Appended to this report is MNFs substantial list of
publications and tapes. We also produce a composite calendar of nonprofit training and events of
sector-wide significance. Lastly, on December 10 and 11, we will co-sponsor the first Michigan
Research Conference on the Nonprofit Sector in Detroit.

•••••••••••••••••
This has been a full two years, and I for one feel we have accomplished a good deal.
Much lies ahead, but I have come to respect the ability of this alliance to grapple with challenges.
This third year is mapped out. and the fourth remains for you to imagine. I hope this report helps
you to begin.

Best regards,

Maryellen J. Lewis
Executive Director
ref'nulrptcxe,9/17/92,0100

8

�RESOURCES AVAILABLE FROM THE MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
Michigan Nonprofit Resource Directory, in collaboration with Accounting Aid Society
(forthcoming)

Amount
of order

MNF Issues Papers ($5.00 for members. $8.00 for nonmembers)

#1

'"Col,.boration for a S!Mred Future, • James A. Joseph, Council on Foundations.

#2

Report from Policy Summit I, '"Partnership for Pflople and Progress.· the Nonprofit
Sector's Evolving Re/8tionship with Mi Government and Business Community'".

- - #3

#4

- - #5

'"Uving Our Mission: Meeting Our Publics' Nflflds, •
Children's Defense Fund.

Marian Wright Edelman, President,

'"The Changing FBCfl of Michi{JIIn's Nonprofit S.Ctor: Lessons from New Research,,.
Mark I. Wilson, Director, Nonprofit Michigan Project (forthcoming) .
·Toward a Michi{llln White PaPfl' on the Nonprofit Sector, •
Consultant, Independent Sector.

Janne G. Gallagher,

Audio Tapes ($9.00 for members. $12.00 for nonmembers)
"Collaboration for a Shared Future, • James A. Joseph, President, Council on Foundations.
'"Demographics: Tools to Prepare for Michi{llln's Future Today,· Harold (Bud) Hodgkinson,
Director, Center for Demographic Policy, Institute for Educational Leadership .
"Planning That Works: Long Range Strategic Planning for Nonprofits, • Florence L. Green,
President, Nonprofit Management Association and Bd Member, California Assn of Nonprofits.
"Collaboration: Proce:ss and PitfaHs, • Florence L. Green. President, Nonprofit Management
Association and Board Member, California Association of Nonprofits.

Audio tapes from the April 24. 1992 Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar
($9 each for members/$35 for five; $12 each for nonmembers/$50 for five)
Opening Session: '"Living OIX Mission: MHting OIX Publics' Nflflds'" --Marian Wright Edelman,
President, Children's Defense Fund
"Collaboration and Appropriate Mergers·- Aorence Green, President, California Association of
Nonprofits and Board Member, Nonprofit Management Association
"Shaking the Money TrH: What Motivates the Large Giftr- Jerold Panas, CEO, Panas,
Young &amp; Partners, Inc.
·Innovative Income Generation" - Florence L. Green, President, California Association of
Nonprofits and Board Member, Nonprofit Management Association
"&amp;lcoming a Player: Advocatin

"our Cause and Getting Results" - Alliance for Justice,

NAME/TITLE:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
ORGANIZATION:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

TOTAL AMOUNT DUE

ADDRESS=------------------------CITY/STATE/ZIP: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PHONE= - - - - - - Mail to: Michigan Nonprofit Forum, 34 Kellogg Center, East Lansing Ml 48824
• • • Payment in Advance Required on All Orders • • •

$

�MICIDGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

0

"An a/Jiance to promote philanthropy, voluntarism,
and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in the stale. "

The Michigan Nonprofit Forum is a statewide alliance which serves as a
clearinghouse for addressing issues of importance to the nonprofit sector.
•It convenes pvups of leaden to plan and act together.
•It worla with policymabn, the public:, and news media to promote a better
undentanding of how the nonprofit sector worla and why it is so important.
•It issues periodic "public policy alerts" and position papen.
•It convenes the annual Grantmaken/Grantseeken Seminar.
•It holds biannual nonprofit public policy summits.

•It promotes voluntarism throughout the state.
•It stimulates and disseminates research on the nonprofit sector.
•It publishes a timely newsletter focusing on nonprofit sector issues.

Join now and receive a free copy of The SUite of Nonprofit Michigan 1991 and a
free lifetime subscription to Community Jobs, a nationallistine of nonprofit jobs.
For more information call: 5171353-5038.
----'Pkue earoll-.e/ay orpaizatioa u u uaodate 8allber of tile MicWpa N•proflt Forum.
(SSO lllallbenllip lac:lada diKOaiiU ud redaced a.feraace fea u well u tlae aewdctter and Updates.)
_ _I wilb to •pport dail baportut work witla ay co.tribatioa of$~--...:·
•B0110rary Doaon
SSOO or .ore.
oSuhiaiac Doaon
S150- 499.
-spouorillc »oaon
stoo -149.
_ _ _My organization iJ a Betwork of peopk/apda, ud we want to become adive in MNF'1 work.
Pleue eoataa me witla iaf'ormatioa ahcJut 1Mw we cu joia u NE1W01UC ASSOCIATES!

Name-----------------------------------------------------...-.111114..._.
Titlt/Position ----------------------------------------------Organaation-----------------------------------------Add~•----------------------------------------------------

City _______________ State _ _ _ Zip - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Telephone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FAX - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enclosed is • c:beck in tbc amount of$ - - - -·

Plcasc mala: check:s payable to: Midaip.a Noaprof"d l'orua and mail to:

MNF'
34 Kellogg Center
East l .Ancin!1 MI 48224-1022

Q

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                    <text>MICIDGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICIDGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 5171353-5038 Fu: 5171336-1327

MEMORANDUM
Date: September 16, 1992
To: Maryellen J. Lewis
From: Donna M Clarke
Subject: Network Associate Recruitment

N ew Network Associates reported to date include:

Recruited by
M Lewis

Network Associate
Association for Child Development
Concerned Citizens for the Arts
Jewish Federation ofMetro Detroit
Local Initiatives Support Corporation
Michigan Association ofNon-Public Schools
Michigan Economic Education Council
Michigan Humanities Council
Michigan Primary Care Association

D . Johnson
D . Gad-H arf
D . Johnson
E. Blews
J. King
D . Johnson
A Rosewame

ref:mjl20916.dmc,cm/mbr,OOOO

.

...

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

[DRAFT]
Minutes
of the
MNF Membership Committee Meeting
July 22, 1992 -- 12:30 to 2:30
Kellogg Center, State Room, East Lansing, MI
Present:

Staff:

Dorothy A. Johnson
Maryellen J. Lewis
Anne W. Rosewarne
Lawrence O. Wells

Donna M. Clarke

1.

Welcome and Call to Order: D. Johnson called the meeting to order at 12:35 p.m.

2.

Review of the Minutes: The minutes of the April 20, 1992 meeting were approved as
circulated

3.

Opening Remarks by the Chair: D. Johnson discussed the background and status of
the membership campaign to date. She noted that the spring campaign was kicked off
during the registration for Grantmakers/Grantseekers IV and focused on potential
Associate Members. The response has been overwhelming. It is now time to begin
the second phase of the campaign which will target Network Associates.

4.

Update on Progress: M. Lewis reported on MNF's current Membership Campaign.
As D. Johnson reported, the response has been significant. In three months, MNF
has received the following response:
Membership Level:
Honorary
Sustaining
Sponsoring
Net. Assoc
Associate

10
3
4
2
110

Subscriber

9

�M. Lewis noted, that while the focus of the membership campaign is shifting to
Network Associates, MNF will continue to circulate membership information to
potential Associate Members through future mailings and events.
5.

FY 1992-93 Membership Campaign: D. Johnson initiated discussion on the strategy
and assignments for targeting Network Members. After reviewing the draft
"boilerplate" letter, the committee agreed to revise the format to comprise a one page
bullet listing of MNF's activities and membership benefits. A. Rosewarne agreed to
draft the initial revision by July 24th, for committee and staff review.
In June, staff circulated the potential list of Network Associates to trustees for their
review. Approximately half of the trustees have selected organizations which they will
contact during the fall campaign. After discussion, the committee agreed that the next
step in the campaign is to mail membership contact packets to these trustees by July
31st. Each packet will include the "boilerplate" letter, a membership form, MNF's
recent newsletter, MNF's membership brochure and a contact response form. Trustees
will have until September 14 to send their initial letter and make follow-up phone calls.
Committee members and staff will monitor campaign response on a weekly basis. Staff
will develop a master timetable for the campaign (attached).
Staff will also recontact those trustees who haven't chosen organizations to solicit for
membership . Any remaining organizations will be divided between MNF's Chair,
committee members and staff. D. Johnson proposed, and committee members agreed
on a strategy of an initial letter, perhaps from R. Mawby, followed by "cold calls" to
organizations not selected for a more personal contact.
The committee also reviewed MNF's current brochure, noting only minor layout and
descriptive changes. On recommendation by the Executive, the current brochure will
be used in the fall campaign, to avoid delay. Committee members will continue to
review the brochure in light of the current membership strategy for further discussion at
the September meeting.
The committee reviewed and approved current membership benefits, pending future
review based on more experience.

6.

Confirm Next Meeting: Committee members set the next meeting for September 21,
11:30 to 1:30, at the State Room in the Kellogg Center.

7.

Adjournment: The meeting adjourned at 2:00 p.m.

�MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

MNF MEMBERSHIP CAMPAIGN
Timetable
JULY

31

— Contact list, boilerplate language, brochure and membership statement
mailed to trustees

AUGUST

3 to 7

— Mailing to trustees who have not selected organizations to contact

3 to 9/14

— Trustees make written contacts and follow-up with phone calls

14,21,28 — MNF send tallies of trustee contacts to Membership Committee

17 to 9/18 — Committee members/staff follow-up with trustees to monitor and
encourage progress
SEPTEMBER
1

— R. Mawby to complete letters to trustees regarding individual donations

4, 11, 18

— MNF sends tallies of trustee contacts to Membership Committee

21

- Membership Committee Meeting (11:30 - 1:30, State Room/Kellogg Ctr):
- MNF Brochure revisions due!
- Develop clean-up strategy and next steps
- Based on experience, lay our strategy for balance of FY1992-93 and
for FY 1993-94
- Review nominations to 10/12 Annual Meeting

23

— Chair reports to the Executive Committee

OCTOBER
12

- Chair reports to the Board of Trustees

NOVEMBER

— Membership Committee meets (TENTATIVE)

�FEBRUARY:

--Membership Committee (for spring campaign related to GGV and Summit)
MAY:
13

-- Report to the Board of Trustees

AUGUST:

-- Membership Committee meets for fall campaign
SEPTEMBER:
-- Mbr/Nominating Committee meets (nominations for Board Meeting)
OCTOBER
28

-- Chair reports to the Executive Committee

NOVEMBER
11
-- Chair reports to the Board of Trustees

FEBRUARY:

-- Membership Committee meets for spring campaign related to GGVI
MAY

-- Chair reports to the Board of Trustees
JULY/AUGUST
-- Membership Committee meets for fall campaign
SEPTEMBER
-- Mbr/Nominating Committee meets (nominations for Annual Meeting)
NOVEMBER

-- Chair reports to the Board of Trustees

ref:mbr20722.min ,cm/mbrshp ,OOOO

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                    <text>MICIDGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327

..

All Dlliluact to promott girillf, vol&amp;Uilttrinl IUid tJ strottf, t/ftdirt 110nprojilsector ill Michitan•

[DRAFT]

Minutes
of the
MNF Membership Committee Meetine
July 22, 1992- 12:30 to 2:30
Kellogg Center, State Room, East Lansing, MI

Present:

Staff :

Dorothy A. Johnson
Maryellen I. Lewis
Anne W. Rosewarne
Lawrence 0. Wells

Donna M. Clarke

1.

Welcome and Call to Order: D. Johnson called the meeting to order at 12:35 p.m.

2.

Review of the Minutes: The minutes of the April20, 1992 meeting were approved as
circulated

3.

Openine Remarks by the Chair: D. Johnson discussed the background and status of
the membership campaign to date. She noted that the spring campaign was kicked off
during the registration for Grantmakers/Grantseekers IV and focused on potential
Associate Members. The response has been overwhelming. It is now time to begin
the second phase of the campaign which will target Network Associates.

4.

Update on Progress: M . Lewis reported on MNF's current Membership Campaign.
As D. Johnson reported, the response has been significant. In three months, MNF
has received the following response:
Membership Level:
Honorary
Sustaining
Sponsoring
Net. Assoc
Associate
Subscriber

10
~

4
2
110
9

�M . Lewis noted, that while the focus of the membership campaign is shifting to
Network Associates, MNF will continue to circulate membership information to
potential Associate Members through future mailings and events.
5.

FY 1992-93 Membership Campai~n : D . Johnson initiated discussion on the strategy
and assignments for targeting Network Members. After reviewing the draft
"boilerplate" letter, the committEe agreed to revise the format to comprise a one page
bullet listing of MNF' s activities and membership benefits. A. Rosewame agreed to
draft the initial revision by July 24th, for committee and staff review.
In I une, staff circulated the potential list of Network Associates to trustees for their
review. Approximately half of the trustees have selected organizations which they will
contact during the fall campaign. After discussion, the committee agreed that the next
step in the campaign is to mail membership contact packets to these trustees by July
31st. Each packet will include the "boilerplate" letter, a membership form, MNF's
recent newsletter, MNF's membership brochure and a contact response form. Trustees
will have until September 14 to send their initial letter and make follow-up phone calls.
Committee members and staff will monitor campaign response on a weekly basis. Staff
will develop a master timetable for the campaign (attached).
Staff will also recontact those trustees who haven't chosen organizations to solicit for
membership . Any remaining organizations will be divided between MNF' s Chair,
committee members and staff. D. Johnson proposed, and committee members agreed
on a strategy of an initial letter, perhaps from R. Maw by, followed by cold calls to
organizations not selected for a more personal contact.
II

II

The committee also reviewed MNF's current brochure, noting only minor layout and
descriptive changes. On recommendation by the Executive, the current brochure will
be used in the fall campaign, to avoid delay. Committee members will gmtinue to
review the brochure in light of the current membership strategy for further discussion at
the September meeting.
The committee reviewed and approved current membership benefits, pending future
review based on more experience.
6.

Confirm Next Meetin~: Committee members set the next meeting for September 21,
11:30 to 1:30, at the State Room in the Kellogg Center.

7.

Adjournment: The meeting adjourned at 2:00p.m.

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                    <text>DRAFT
(August 14, 1992)

RATIONALE FOR THE NONPROFIT SECTOR:
WHITE PAPER

To be published by the Independent Sector,
prepared by Janne Gallagher

�....

..
DRAFJ' - Auaust 14. 1992

11m ROLE OF Tim INDBPENDBNT SECTOR

The independent aec:tor-nmly one million nonprofit charitable, educational, rollalous, and
social welfare orpnlzations-collectively createa, nurture~, and auatains valuea that are the
framework of American llfe. It promotes altruism in an economic system that rewards attention
to the bottom llrte. It aupports and encourqes pluralism in a world that drives toward
conformity. It Introduces community to a society that prizes individualism. It provokes,
challenges, and questions. It also teaches, medktes, and heals.
All independent sector OJltnizations operate u nonprofits, subject to a fundamental lepl ban
on private benefit. Controlled by volunteer boards, their aS$eU irrevocably dedicated to public
purposes, the organizations of the independent sector belon&amp;. in a very real sense, to the public
at

larae.

The independent sector is a vital force in the American ec.onomy. Representing nearly 7% of
national income in 1990, the independent sector rmploye'i more than nine million people. It is
also a powerful force to mobilize voluntary contributions for the public &amp;ood. Private
contributions to Independent sector or&amp;aniz.ations were nearly $123 billion in 1990 and nearly
one hundred million volunteers contributed their services. That year the independent sector
spent $389 bllllon in the course of providlnc a wide array of services.
While these data offer some sense of the sector's size, they do not provide a true measure of its
importance in American life. This must be undentood, instead, in terms of the important social
and cultural values that the sector embodies and sustains. As leaders from other countries
increasin&amp;lY reeognite, much of what is best in the American character is nunured by, and finds
expression throuah, the voluntary sector.
Altruism: The independent sector affirms that all human beings have a basic moral obli&amp;ation
to look beyond themselves, to undertake activities that contribute to the betterment of others-other people, other species, future generations. Regard for the cares and concerns of others
is both a necessary counterpoint to the self-recard which is the basis of capitalism and a foundation for the dialocue and compromise necessary to democntcy. Neither democracy nor
capitalism would survive for long in the absence of altruism.

The value of altruism is at the core of the independent sector. It is both the most important
unifying principle in an otherwise diverse group of or&amp;anizations and the root of all other values
encompassed by the independent sector. Values based in altruism-compassion, humility,
respect for others, concern for the future well-bein&amp; of the community, and justice for
all-thread throuah the work of the independent sector.
Voluntary oraanizations teach the value of altruism by challenging their supporters to cooperate
generously and unselfishly toward a common &amp;ood. They offer a strUcture tllrou&amp;h which
individuals can participate directly in activities that benefit others .

..

�..

'"'
Pac;a 2

..:

PluraJtsm: Pluralism, a central value of American life, is alao a unifying principle for tho
independent aector. America is a land of divonity-in populationa, in religious bellefa, and in
political philosophies. Much of America's creativity has been born in this diversity. Pluralism
affirms that the attength of the nation depends on respecting the difference! among its inhabitants
and encouragina debate amona competing points of view.
The independent sector is critical to maintainina and encoura&amp;ina pluralism. Each of the
nonprofit organizations that make up the independent sector came into bein&amp; because individuals
sharing a common perspective came toaether to act on their own ideas and values about the

public &amp;ood.
Some of these oraanizations work in areas that &amp;ovemment is forbidden to enter, as in the case
of religion. Others flourish in areas central to the CJtpreuion of ideas. where &amp;ovemment
intrusion carries the risk of suppression of dissent. The independent sector is also home to
organizations which meet a wide variety of human needs-from those that do not command
majority consensus to those where people seek pluralism among providers. .

.

Community: The ties of community are critical to the functionina of economic, political. and
social Jife. While teaching and supporting the value of pluralism, the independent sector also
makes possible the creation and maintenance of communities.
Community can refer to a &amp;eographical unit-a neighborhood, a city, a state, a nation. It also
can mean a group of individuals sharing a common interest or goal. Communities bind
themselves together through the mediation of voluntary institutions which brin&amp; members of
communities together in trust and openness, in responsibility and love. ·
Education provides the tools of scholarship, discipline, and creativity that enable individuals to
participate effectively in community life. Arts, culture, and the humanities conuibute to a
community's sense of self-identification-through preservation and presentation of the cultural
expression of community life-and, by challenging old assumptions, foster new ways of
perceiving the community. Human service, health, and religious organizations teach compassion
for the needs of others, provide structures through which members of a community can learn
about and work together to alleviate community problems, and offer a commitment to meetin&amp;
future community challenges. Environmental, human ri&amp;hts. and public policy organizations
teach fundamental skills of democratic participation, consensus building, and leadership.

•

•

•

The independent sector is the linchpin of American society. Business and &amp;overnment acting
alone could not sustain either the three fundamental values of altruism, pluralism. and
community or the underlying values of trust, compassion, justice. and moral behavior.
Government, business, indeed all Americans, have a fundamental interest in preserving and
strengthemng the independent sector. Freedom from taxation and the right to receive ta.Xdeducnble c~aritable contributions are two imponam ways in which society manifests its suppon
for the tntegnty, independence. and continued existence of the independent sector.
,,

..

�.

,

..

DraB - July 9, 1991

Mote than 41,000 organjutions exist to promote knowlcd~ about aacl exprcaion of the visual
and performing arts; tho humaniti~,.incl~ litmturc, hiJt?rY• and philo~y• and.scieatific
creativity. lly supportinJ, encoura&amp;ing, prc:setVtn,, di£p1ayan&amp;, and lnccrpret;.ng the wotb of
human expression, w, cult\lJ'Bl, and humanitiCI OtPftizations provide a structure throv&amp;h which
the valuea of crc&amp;tivity and culture arc oommuftkatod to society. 'Ibe ablllty of the.sc nonprofit
arganlutiom to muster private charillble oontribud.cnJ, foundation support, and assistance from
volunteers, frees culture and the humanitica from (lC)rtlpletc dependence either on the govera·
ment, with its domandl of political (OIJ'eCtfteu, or on the market. wlth its requirements that
creative output be com~y viable•

..

Commuui~s

Througf.VtJt civilization, artistic and humani~Uc expression hat provided a focus
for communities and a means of self-!dentlftcation. Cot\cettl, performances and exbfblta all
offer an opp:attunlty for people of diapatate bacqround and intuestl to jol.n togethel in sharing
a common interest or in marking a ceremonial OtX:Uion in the lifo of a community.
Arts, culture, and the humanities are a vital rPeCban1sm for communl~tlon amons pooples.

Throu&amp;h pattlcipatjn&amp; in anothct culture, we can beein to g.rup the valuca of that eulture.

.

.

The commwlity is created, reflected, and lntcrpmed through exploration of culture and the
humanities, a process that frequently is joyou1 but ODC that QD be uncomfottal&gt;le u well The
cteator's viJlon of a society may differ signifteantly from the way in which the society pre.fen
to view itself. But by asking questioN, ehallen~ng.-ssumptioaa, providing an alternative view,
an, culture and the humanities contribute to the commuruty'• aclf-knowlodgo.
P1urallsm~

Through the volc:cs of diversity, aru, culture and the humanitie&amp; chaUease a aociety

to look at itaclf trom many different points ot view, to qumion Us values and sha:pt its futute.

Presentation of divergent points of view iJ key to all of the other values embodied by cultute,
includin' it! rolo in challenging and creating community, promo\in' excellence, and encouracinc

freedom of expre$Sion.

Where existtna croups fail to provide a voice to non-dominant !onns at exp~on, the abWty
of interested people to form new auocfations allows the cteatlon otaltemati'Ve cultural orcanizations, devoted to pcrformin&amp; and prac:atiD&amp; worb ftom culture&amp; other than the Weat.em
ttadition, experlmentmc with new ideas about culture. and developillg a oew, more divcne,
American creativo oxpreomon. Altemativo thQten, dance ct&gt;mpaniea, and nonp.rofit exlu'bition
spacli'$ aJ'\d plleries abOund, provldin&amp; the public with a wido ranee of ehoicc and challenging
lhe assumptiona ot wating in~tutiOI'ls..

r'

�'•

PraeaqtJona Art ... palntins, rnUJtc, dance, 10ft&amp; -I• endemic to all~. as illltaratute,
poetry, and Other creative cxpr=Jon, aud\ u scientific dlaco~ry. :nrouah presetYation of ~c
works of put cullum, cultural orpnbaticW open an Important wmdow to our undcrandmg
of the put, enabUns us \0 know ~ ot a society than jU$t 1t1 social or political accom·

pllthmenta.

' represcntJna the world'a cultvral and namtal common
Mu&amp;cum5 collect and protect obJecta
hmita&amp;e~ they abo ~e, relt0t6. and display them for tbe geanl pti)lic and p!Ovidc a focus
for scholarly resean:h. Orchcstms naeak. lbe muaical Mlrb or the past, sometimes using
inatnunems of the pcrloci. Video technolosy J\OYl ptnnlts prNerVatkm ot ereat works of dance
and evert of U\e ttcllnfquea used by &amp;'teal t.eachtrs of dance.
Crcati•itys Art, llten.ture. and scic:noo all stimulaw and provide an outlet for human!~··
ereatlvo impulsea. Creative endeavor stimulate&amp; new inquiries and rrew =poniOI, helps aocldy
to reimagtno itltlf, and contrlbuta originalldeu dla' ·~uch all arcu of life. Cultural OJlaniza·
tions offu a suuct\lrc which suppotU tha exercise of aQdve ,enius and lhtouth which that
creativity can teach a broad public audience.
Excelleote&amp; Prcc:d from the need to d~· wholly on ticket aaies for revenue, nooproftt
cultural oraanJu.lionc contribute substantJally to the developmcnL of hWY'an potential by
promoUng excellence in cnatlve expreaion and by providing waya ta brine that exprealon to
the general p\1blic. Partlclpation in ltt, whethcc aa mam or audialQo, educates people about
the great cultural achievement~ ot cliffetenteivUiations, entichls their lives, and provide~aoccsa
to genius. By fo1terlna thD value or striving toward exccllcllco, cultural or&amp;anintions teach all
lmpoltUlt lesson tha1 carriea over t.o other aspcct1 olllfe.
Dlselpllne: The creation of a work demand&amp; intense disdpUne on the part of the creator.
Studying an instrument, wrldnt a ple.y, leammc the akilb of a danoe form. p~cing u art or
a craft, engender a discjpllne in youq people ttw ~fits them tbrouchout their ~ucation and
the.ir lives. Cultural orsanizationl aupport education in a variety ofwaya that range from youth
orchestras anci cianoe comptny schools to teaching ln elementary an&lt;1 secondary schools.

~

Altrubm: Support for the aru, culture, and lhe bumanitic1 in our society depends on substantial
charitable glfts from individuals. corporations, and foundations, and on the commitment to
service of hundreds of thousand&amp; ot volunteers. 1\c &amp;tn¢10sity or donora and volunteer•
reinforces the values of gi,.-ing and service and Is itself a substantial &amp;Jft to the communit)'.

�Draft - July t li'D

Education itself a central value of Arraican lite, ta key to the development of olhez values lhat
make oom'munity life and eulturo possible. I&gt;emoczacy works beat with l!l educated cit.izemy,
one lhlt ts capab~ of critical thinkJJl&amp; and pub1k: dlscoune. The innovation and opportunity that
&amp;alvanl%e our econom~ Ufo rcquiro iJ\ctllainaly sophisticated levels of intellectual skilll.
Community Ufe, outture, aru, lltrnture, all depc111d on an ed•ated populace. Prom the earllc.lt
colonial da~, American~ have eatabllahed JOhools, c:olleces, and universities to ensure that thb
country' a young people have the opponunity forM education. Cultural, social, and community
nonprofit orpnir.ations alto offer rich educational pro&amp;rama and opporwnitia for formal and
informal Jcamin&amp; at every staac of Jlfo.

SclloJarshfp: Tbe core value of all edl.icadonal.. instit\ltkms is iCholanhlp: teacbin&amp; and
· icamifll. 'nu'ouch their teachina functioe, edueadona1 instltution.s bclp students at all lovell
develop tho abllit)' to thlnt c:ritic:ally; lo VDCialtand ·inte':!dationshipa and con~ueoces; to
comprehend differing perspectives on tl1c world; to t~ on the past and tutu", not just the
present. Thuc skills are the basic toolJ atudcats need to particl~ in the democratic process

and ;n community life.
Working at lnstltutions of hlper cdYC&amp;Uon, scboWs and researchers advance lbe bounds of
human lcnowlcdte, develop new t.echnologiea, and eteare climates of innovation and creat.Mty.
Both government and business depend heavily 011 tesean:b carried on at ealleges and universities
and on access to an educated labor force with the stron&amp; teOhnlcal and lntellectualskilb needed
to compete in today's Jlobal economy.
Excellence: The pursuit of "bolarshlp demanda that students learn a commitmeot to discipline
and to excellence. It stimulates Cfeltivity. It provides students with a cultural and inte11ectual
hcri~a&amp;c that enCXJurqc:a them to aeck outlide theJnSelves Cor meanina and purpose ln their lives.
Educational inltitutioM otter a fonlm ln which students can grow and learn and ln which faculty
members can pursue teaching. scholarship. rcaearch, artJstie eJtpression, and semc:e.
Plural~m: The basic plLu-a.llsm of Amcdcan Ufe is refi~ in the wide diversity Jn Amrzican
educational Wtitutlons. Publle tnsdtutk»ns aftlrm th~ valoo of equal eduea.tlonal opportunity for
all. Over tho yean, ft.milles and students seUil11 diversity in currleula, in telching methoda,
and in vaJues, have created and supported private instltutloru that r~pond to their neoda and
Jntercsu. As a re3ult of their offorts, students and faculty are free to select from an uray of
publl.e and private lnstitudons ofterlnc a wido ldcclion of eunicula and differina philosophies
of leamin1.

Educational inltitutions are an important locus tor debate over ideas. While the irutituUona

thcmaclves remain polldc.lly neutral, rc.tearob ~ect on in eou~aea and universities contribute£
importantly to public debate, providinc ~unci, facts. analyses and new idw about public

�•

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issues. EduQtiorW institutions sponsor pubUc forums and debates, &amp;i~&amp;ltudtrlts. faculty,~
membeu of \he public an opportunity to bear opposina points of Vtew on important public
iuucs. Unlvenity preases publish slplficanl works of scholarship lhat commercial publiahcrs
would reject.
'
Commublty: ScboolJ, colle&amp;es. and universities ue communities of scholars and studcets.

They offer students thelr first experience of tunctioU\&amp; in a community and provide them opportunities to transform themselves from individuals into particlpatin&amp; membels of the Jaraer

community.
Education helps students to grow 1n th6it ability to understand and aocept dift'erinc points of

· vlew, an in"·cuiniJy important J1cillas the popolation of the Uni\Cd States increuea in diversity.
Museums add OJY;.,ununitics for people of afi ages, lntereat&amp;, and backpounds to explore dlvmc
leamln&amp; environmenta. By providin&amp; a vob f~ ~iverpnt points of view and for diff'ereot
cultuml ~ve.s, they open the il.suo of cultural diversity 10 the whole community.
Educate41ndMduals contribute ideas, k:nowled&amp;e. and laKknhip to the eommunity.

Educational institutions are an endurins pre3Cnce in their communitiea, linldnc past and future.

Tbey arc an important focus or comraunlty lite; lningin&amp; to,cther studcnta, their families. alurDJli
and businmcs through shared lntercat in the welfare and future of the school. By expoling
siudenta to tho aocumulatc:d knowled&amp;e of tbe put, dley provide leadership and wisdom tor tho

fUture.
Ethical Behavior: Education equips ltUdcnts 1.0 examine and apply ethical prineiplel to use in
guiding their live,. · Rell&amp;iou.dy-affiliat.ed sdlools teach the vBlue of rell&amp;ious faith in dl.scoverina
lhe meanlne and purpose of Ufc, and u a foundation for the vatua of justiee, compassion, and
service. More broadly. ecSuearioD, religious or IBCUlar, tnCOU1'8ICS studcntl to develop ttandardJ
far principled behavior and t.o adopt value&amp; that demonstrate reprd tor othm.
Altruism: :Educational in3titutions challenge people to stve time and money 1'or the public good.
AmeriQOns gave an e5tlmated $12.4 blWon to cdacation 1n 1990 and also ~ave gCDerously of
their time. Solicjting eharitablo contributions and volunteer involvement from alumni and others
rcinforees the value of givln&amp; and the IOCia1 obllcatlon to help make education ava1Jable to
others.
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Draft- May 14. 1992

Prom the mfdd&amp; of abe runaee.nth century onward, enviroomenlll aroup• have JabM!d to
preserve and proteCt lhe environmtnt. They have done 10 primarily throuah their etrona to
influence loc:al. nalional, and illtemadcnl gavctn01Cilt poliq', but cnvironmeotal otpnizations
also wry on research, educate the pubUc, orpniu suvk:c actlvlliea, and ln some c:aseJ ICQUile
land to bo preaervecS for P'Jblic ~· Jn so doing, Ctlvlronmental orpnizatfons have
nwtuted and suppot1Cd value~ which are critical w the well..betng of the world.
PreservallOD: The purpose o( ~ envirvnMe"\tall1lO\Ie'ment l1 tbe protcaioc\ of the earth and

all fonna of life which tnhlbit IL Pxaa VJtion takes many forma: safecuardlna endJ.n&amp;ered
apccies of plant• and animals; maintalnins a \'ariet)' ofhabisata; prott.diq both old JTOWth foro~t
and tropical rainforest; preservinJ and restorin&amp; wetlanda; &amp;uardin&amp; buman heallh from toxic
substan~ and pollutants; mainla.lnin&amp; and lncleuing wilderness areas; conttolling the arowth
of lbe human population; pre•Ninc dlvene buman cultuRIS; advocating s~ewardship of tho
&amp;lobal commons; and protectinc the earth •J a~. Achlcvlnc tho &amp;oal of pmervlng and
reatorin&amp; the earth 'a biosphere involves environmental orpnir.aUon11 u advocates and teacher~
ot th~ value of preservin&amp; ancl protcctjna th! environment.
AltnJiim: Un.aelfbhness is 11 the heart oC the environmental movement. environmental
orpnimtions stand u a counterweipt to the forcca of coonomic self-lolerc3t which too
frequenUy threaten the environment. The environmental movement calls on individuJlJ, corpo.
rations, and eovemments to weigh how their decillons affect other lifa, to apprccla&amp;o and
practice ~materialistic ways o1 Jiving, and to consider tho nttds of the futuro aa well aa chose
of the praent.
Environmental orpnlzatlons abo promote the' value of ahnrism by ukin&amp; lndlvlduala to &amp;lve
their time to activities that promote and protccl t~ cnvironmertt. 'llaousMd&amp; of volunteers work
on project~ from testifyln&amp; at cit)' council heaJin&amp;s on Wl\in&amp; proposals to constructint and matnwnln&amp; trails jn state and national parks. Voluntary contributiona, another expreuion of
altruism, form much or the financial 1upport of the environmct&amp;tal movemc11t.

Couunullity: John Muir wrote, •we all dwell in a house or one room. • EnvironmontaJ ·
orpntutiona wort throughout the world to =ch the prinolple that the etnh Is a communlt~,
with each Jife supportina anot.hu and all life zivlnt nul'tur8 to the wbole.. Aa it beoomea
increasincty clear that sol vine many environmenbd problems will require the close coopmtioo
ot the aoYOtamanu of all natlons, environmental orpniza&amp;ions are playing an instrumental rote
in faclUtadn, international meetings to diSCUII cnvii'OftmeAlal aa:ords.

�. ,,

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. :.
Environmen&amp;al orpnizationa promo&amp;e the 8fOW1b of a ~e~~se of community In many oUser WIJI
u well. n.y de\telop constltucnclcs &amp;J'OV1MS environmental choice&amp; made 111he callonal, Jtate•
and local JM!s on iasuct such a&amp; trwpoltl1ion and development. 'I1ley off'cr a placo fot
indlvJduals tnteraaed lo envirollmenaal iiMI to comt together to work to make thclr
communlUea=a better place.
Dcmocraq:. BnvitoDmeocal orpnlzaliona contribute to the vitality or demcxncy throup dleit
efforts u advocates in vanoua covemmem. publl~ and b\aslne.n ton~ms and b)' ~ 11 a
dependable and economically disinterested aource of inlonnatlon about aetlona affecting U..
environment. 'IbrouJhout both tho deYdoped and thG deYdopiftJ world. environmental group•
ant a domocratil:tn&amp; inf\uence as they o1Ter a llltdlanism lhroU&amp;h whldt citizens tnnuenoe their
CO\Intrles' po1iciea on a range of vltal issuea from ~ent or natural re.sourtl".S to populallon
control.
E&amp;bk:al BebaYior: Bnvfronmental orpniatlana advocate e\hicalatandardl for the treatmeat or

the eaJ1h an4 Jta inhabitants whJch are baled on respect ror dlvculty in every realm. 1110)' ol*f
a moral ~ pounded in placing the needs of tho community of lift above lmrnedlate pc~ulal
gratification. They remind \11 that we muet consldet the future, u well as the prcsa~t. They
instruct us In compassion and humlllty. 'nlcy tc:ecb bolb the ltnpcntance of individual choice
based on thelo prinoiplel and or lndlvJdual teSpenli~iUty for pardclpatlns in coUcclive actiOft to
incorpon1e fbese standards ln policy dcdstona.
RO&amp;ard for.the Future: Eovironmezltal orpnlr.alions play a sipifieant role in directln&amp; the
attention of :SOCiety to the Alture COfltequences ot today•• cbobs. In a wodd where Qoices
made by bottt buain~ and govcmmenl frequontly $te dictated by sueb shan-term conslderatJons
u the deslro to be reelected to office or to J'ti)011 a aubatantlal profit at the end or a particular
year. envlrdnmcntal orpnlz.ations apeak for futuro yean and future generations.
i

&amp;vironmen.W ospnl!.atlona Jook to the future over a ranee of luues from the consequencea to
the earth 0~ substantial population ~ to tim darna&amp;e re.sulling from destn&amp;cuon or the
tropical raio forests. Environmental ~UoDJ aR promotina public debata over the
oonsequenoc;s of the increasing atobalizal.ion of the economy resulting from tho crowth of
multinational corporations, tho lunar. of tho nation-state u a sipificant poUllcal force, and the
prospedl f~r increasing the level of democratic participation in the choiua made by both

busiocu anq &amp;ovcmment.

.

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Pratt •• July 7, 1992

The nearly 39,000 not for profit beaJJh orpnizations that foun part o£ the volua&amp;ary sector nnae
from eroupJ which
activo ln the pmrentlm er treatment at diseases, birth ddects, and
genetic diJordert, to bolpltala and other ptoYiden of health c:arc. Toaether these inltitutlont
embody and nunurc important communhy value&amp; includin8 the developmc:rat of liuman ~tial.
compaaalonland altrui811l.
·

=

Developlca Human Poteollal: Sound hc:alth is key to a fv1.6lllng, productive lite. 1'hrouCh
tc3eArch, Oducatiort, and treatment, nonpro1lt bei.Jth organizations assist individualJ m
maintaininl thclr health and in minlmizin&amp; u much u poeaibJe the advmc cauequences of
disease as.d:disabili\y.
I

I

By ptOviding informadon aboUt the ~. symptoms, and tn21ment of dbea.~. as well u tbe
tmpor1asa:or eulf detection. hwth cduc:ation enables peoplo to make change£ in thclr lives to
rcduoe choir rhk of illness, to ICek prompt medJcal attattion at the ~rUm ·~ or dbcue, and
to obtain die m01t effective remedies for the1r problomt.

I

Many hcallfl orpnlmtiou U$ist !ndlvldualJ with chronic di.,_. and diubillties to load fuller.
~ productive, livea. They provide an out!~ fot indlvJduala with problems lha.t frequently
create a 8CIUc of J)OWC'Zle&amp;Sne~~. Tb.ey encouraae eonstrucdve soc:iaJ behavior. They 1trcngthCil

:::;j;::o:::~=:m::~== ::eM=: ~o fi~

of

medical
, carrying on or aupportina R#VCh 1bcu.scd on the prevention and treatment
of diseases jand dilabilitiCS. 1bey educate and train h~th profeaonals II weU.

I

.

Nonprofit health we orpnizat1ons continue 1 ~ca old tradition of bringift3
healing &amp;?j_comfort 10 \ho$0 who sutre.r- the alck and dylrJi, vietlnu of ~land erUne.
individualt, with disabilities, and the poor IDCI disadvanca&amp;ed. Nonprofit hospiU\ls maintain 1
commit~t to meetina the need• ot individuals who cannot attord the cost of rnodlcal ~ and
to provtdi9g essential. but somctim" unprofitable, IUVicea such as twenty-fovr hour a day
emorgency.rooms and nconttal intensive cate un.tu. Noop:ro1\t homes and services for theagin3
are oomml~ to rtlp&lt;lndin&amp; to the need• of tho ftail elderly ill tllflr communllle., lrcludillg the
auuranee ~at Utey will not be evicted from the facility because they \)cQome unable to pay the
Comp~,.:

rqular

j:·

AUrulsm: 1 Just as di~ 1J no respecter or sooial divisions. so organiz.atJons tbat work to
prevent di.ease and mitigate. itJ effects draw together people from all parts of the community t.o
give frtdY. of their time and financial retOUJt'eS in addrwing f&amp;sues of common contcm.
Volunteer~' go door to door to aollclt funds for health cdu~on and research. Volunteer boeldl

...
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·.

&amp;ovem the

·on or nonprofit bospitall and o«hct bealth ~ instltutioas. Volul\te:ets pmylcto

a wide ran~otptx:t.lcal bdp froiJ\ tmnJportatiOD to h0$S'llal vlaits.

Pltarallsm:
diY~rsity of hedh or&amp;aftlatima rollecta and eabanccs p!uraliaan In Amedtan
life. 1be lUty to creale voluntary health srour- ~les inten:stcd member• or the public to
act on heal ·rdltcd lssuca that &amp;ovemrneot ia unwi.Dina or unable to address. Almost all of tho
initial respo ~ to the AlPS epldemlc, and much of tho cootinuin&amp; teSpOniC, hu come from
voluntary h th orpnizationt, many of them newly formed. This exemplifies a longstandln&amp;
tradition in which jndividuala ht.ve tonncd orpniwlona to promoec resean:b ud education
QOilcetninJ ilcatea And dllabilldel.
Comnn~n

: \lealtb evo ins1itution1 such u botplt.aJs IJ'ld nursing homes are created out of

community cal and play 111 inlponant role iD bindin&amp; their communitiea tocethcr. '111e10
institutions fTer a &lt;:ommitrncot of condnujty to the community: that taro will be available when
and as it is eedcd and that plannlnt will take Into aooount the axnmumty•a future need&amp; u well
u those of presc:n\. Voluntary hotpltals and health care inatltutlont have evidenced a atronc
commitmen to their communJtie~ in bad times, u wen u in good, remaining opclt in lnneNity
ud rural communities lOfl&amp; Iince abandoned by pmftt-motlvatcd organltatlona.
fuliona also serve thd.r communities by pJaylnc a leadctalUp role in identifylna
community oblems relatees to tlealdl. by buildln&amp; coallt.lona to meet community needs, and by
acting as
fat inctUSed public and private fundin&amp; to reaolve community problems.
neig.hborh
lkalth or

rocata

Cl~le Partlf.pa1JoD: Many health cqanlJatlon• act as advocates on a ran1e or social issues
affectln&amp; h$lth and health care. These inc:lude accas to health tare, the need for adequate
level• of aovernment funding for research and health care, and health care relonn.

hoJpi~s·ano ~oualy·afiiUatcd.

Fallb: Ro]_bly one lhiRI of all
The.se Institutions, u well
as rell"ou~·affttlated nursin1 homes, houlin&amp; pro,rama. and retJremcnt centers, provide tho
c:omrons of glon and shared reli.JiouJ val"" 10 individuals facing di.Jease, old age, and death,
as well as
·din&amp; a forum throu,h which indivlduah am practice their faith by scrvin&amp; olhcn.
No
health care iJutitutlona also we for the spiritual needs of their paliertU, taklnc
steps to
uro that the comforts of faith arc available to those seeking ~ through Chcir
coordin
of pastoral ~.

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Draft •• July 2, 1992
TBB OlB OJ' H\N4N 1lJmm 01\GA.NIZADONI IN 'I1IB ~OWHl'QY S&amp;emR

J&gt;eoplc have formed nonprofit utoeiatlona to ~ hullld rlahta from the b~IJ of lbo
American
blio. PM\y in the oiDetecnth ccnwry ~ for the abolitiOft or atavery
eatablbhed
tiona 1o f'M'fY forward their e~~~~e. Womer\ caas.cd orpnlzatiou to ftcht for
the naht to
Today. a boll Of orpnlzalions xck to •d dieerimlnadon apJnlt Af'rlcan·
Americans, spanicrAmericafta, pya, women, Individuals with dlsabili&amp;ics, ethnic minoritiel,
and ot.hrn ho bavo not been accorded cquaJjty and r,elpCCl in America.

npll orpnizatioaa arc a nJor force for the renewal of the Ammo poUtir.tl

-ylng a moral vllion of a scdety where all are treated '!lqUilly, they oontinuo to
storm Amcdca into a~ which embodica tho v.tuea of equality, juldce,

L:' ........

wofk to

compassion, and rclpCCt for the clfanlty of an.

Pluralism: Rumu ripts orcanlr.adcns ware: CRatrJd IIJd ~st ~ay u allinutiona of tM
critical role aycd by pl\lrali.tm ln OUt coclety, ln a nadaq made up or lndlvtduab from maoy
cultures
backgrounds. human rl.pta orcatUutlona art a volco for the principlea of respect
for diverai and RICO&amp;Dltion of 1he rJpts of other~. 'They ICIDd ror the a~~viction that aiOCicly
where peop care daded equality of opJMtunity buod on their nc;e, their sax, their ethnic

heritage, th • reJ:iaion, tbllr •ual preference. or wbethe:r they have physical or mefttal
dlsabiUtica, 'a aiOCicly that di:Diel plun.liam.
Aa we ead c twentieth century. the world remaiAa a place whcte the~e dllfereocea amona ·
people wo fa lead&amp; to tepantion and war. '!be stark deaioratlon or 10\'Cral Eula'D
&amp;rope.n tiona into baUlc-tom ethnio cnolaveall only the mOll recent example of this ulom.
Whi1c the nlted SLates is not ilrununc to m2aJ and eth~ atrlfe, tb~ value of pluralltm ia D)'
to efforts tolcrca~ and J'CQ'Ol\e a country where differing peoples can unite to form one nation.

ri:rta
orpnir.aticnt provide a ~ for eqneaslaa ud teachlna the value of
pJuraliJm.
ey give to U. world a vlsloD of America u a viaoroua and open society whm

Human

lbc ideas d nluc:.s ot dllfacnt cuh~Wa Qnd bad!pounds are honored and where tnciiWtuals
an conbi t the streftlth of their diff'eu:nces 1o IOlvina the problema laced by a pl\lrllbtic

nation.
Chie Partl patloa: Human rigbtl cqanlzation• exliL co provide advocacy and leadrnhtp for
the rights dlsadvantqcd people~ to inject thole «mc:ems into the public debate, and co bting
about positl social change. Human fi&amp;bts orpnizationa champion a soclecy 1n which evayonc
hu access eduaalion, jobs. bea1th we, and othet public and private lmices. To acoompll&amp;h
th'*' goalai human ri&amp;htt organilations educate their membc::n In the art of patticlpatift&amp;
effectively n the P.fOCCI.et of gowrnment and privatHC.ctor deci.aion making. '11\ey undertak4
research d provide tnfbnnadon about issues bearing on diaimiD&amp;tion and JnequaWy of
treatment
the publlo, to b\lliDcaa leaden, and 1o goyemmezn. They challc:n&amp;e exlstiq

I'

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•

thlnkin&amp;
improve the quality of debate about ttae baa. Li~ation by hlHnan riptl
oraanization bu bca1 ~llal to the escablishment of bcdJock princlplcs otJustice and fahness
that bcaoftt •

Giving. Se Ice, anll CG~n~~WDity: Human ripll organiu.liona creat¢ a community for their
mcmben.
~ bdn' togeda' mdJvidaall who,~ apat from society, ma)' feel themselves
powerJe~e,
&amp;each them the IU'CnJlb thl1 come&amp; With ~znmunity. lcad\irtg OUt beyond their
membenhlpf they eftJI&amp;e in dl.alocue with R.mbcn of the wider community. breaking down
battie~a of atted, sulplclon, and raar. They are aupported largely by charitable contributions
and carry ti rward a tradition of aavice dedicated to achJevln&amp; equallty and jlllticc.

rd

of RWblll Poteutlal: . By tPfOJnOW. Jusdoe and equality, human ri&amp;bts
CJtlaniu.ti s strive to male an envlroament in which all pc:ople can davelop to the limits o!
&amp;heir potcn al, \lnhampcrcd by*='~ and prejudice. Human rJ&amp;hts oqanlzatlona have
succeeded • brr.Uma down aomo burien to ~ment; ~ton\ a Birl playif18 second bue oo
a Uttte
ue team to the empowt:mtent of Atrlcan-Americana through euf()fQC.n\Cftt of tho
Volinc Ri u Act, the sua:ase~ auc real. The ltru&amp;&amp;le. however, it constut to protect old
plns Whtle tt.nuiftg to proaras. Human riahts or&amp;anlations persevere in placing themselves
u the heart of thla atru&amp;&amp;Jc.

Dr.•

l:l

�.. ••
.pratt - lub 9. J992

as~• amoe the ·beljnntna ot the Replabllo.
odaln of the modern human acrvl.cc or&amp;anir:atJm atana from the period foUowina

avo been fonnin&amp; charitablt

Civil war which aw the crcaiion of a ranse of teeular and J'dlciously-affilialed

tbe end of

orpn~on to provide an amy of acrvkes to hdp impcMriahcd and imml&amp;rant populatlMJ
and to im
the qualiiy of
In Americu communltles. '1\c wc.k ol10mc 'r1 ,000 human

ure

tiona nurtuma a wide ranso of values, with panicuJar emphasis on the
importanc6 f a.iatinl indivldula to dovelop to 1hdr tulle~t pocentlal and of provJdinc a
compualon response to human need.
Jer'Yice

Demopb&amp; UJDRD Pott.atlalf HalDan ~enice oqaniradotta oducato, mcdialle, aupport, aDd
hell, and in so doina Lbcy CDCO'JI'IF the tuUeat dcvdopment ot human potential. lklueatioa il
ccotral to th mlsslon ot many human 30Nioc orpniaUooa, u tbcy strive to help individuals
understand emsdvc.s and othm, to pow ts hunwibdnaa. and to bccomo productive wotbn.
effective
u, and respollllble citizens. Many human avloe mpniza\lons combine the
deJivery of
ices with a fOCUJ on belplna individuala deveJop the~ to be leaden u put
of their
commitment to ompowerina communJtles that oftea bve lack"ed a voice.

an.tzw'ont ~ a range of skiUs, from am aporta throU&amp;h communJty lcadcnhip and

uadcrltand.ill&amp;, while cacourqinl the ddvdopmcat of a ~Cnse of ldf-estcem ud
• Other orpnizations provide Job trainma aDd wtJta.nce to tndlviduala with
and to lhe unemployed. Pamily ac:nice agc:nc:joa QOUJ1Xl and support troubled
flmlliea, educating them in M)'l to cope wlth their cUfficultia. auld care
~

pn?idloolc.n ud oftcr positlvo youth devdopJft(.nt J)n)CI'aml for schoo1-qo

Scout leader caChing a &amp;irl how to anhJC:a a ac:l~ce experiment, to a COUDielor
wor~e wi a troubled family, human service otpnizatlons 1Upport and aostaiA tho offorts cl
othert to fu ly realize their pot.eatial. Human JeiVlco orpniza.tions affirm thG irnportanco- in
human dcve
ent or altona famili01, viable communi tiel, and positive moral character.

From a 0

Ccmtpaso • From the earliest daya of American aocJety, human need bas been a drmna force
behind the

mcUlods
distress, an

n ot human service orpn:i.Wiona. 11ac orpnizationa, their miulons, and tbdr
but th~ doiiro to ~ent aild amdiotate pain, &amp;Uft'erinc, poverty, and
to help young people, the elderly, and othus with apccJa1 needs, llnb hunWl
~tly,

acrvioe or, zadons.

08 orpruz.ationl distribute food and money, run refu&amp;ee rcxulemcnt procrams,
pf'Dtl~

dlwtet relief

service~,

offu aheltetl!ld worbhopa to lndivlduals wfae

13

�Pqe2
•

lo

too ~ to pon:mt employmcot in tho R&amp;ular marketplace, care lor abused and
OhWtUaJ, pve lhelter to the homeleu, opezate lleatmeDt centcn for tubatuce
abuacn,
biah-quallty. life, chUd Qle pro&amp;rama for chi1dral ot workin&amp; fanilllel, run
zaidcntial
croup homea for a.du1b with ph)'lk:al and mental disabilities and
tho a&amp;iJlC,
and otTer
inc and usi~ to lftdJvtduall who bave been tho W'8d of violcaee. Summet
CIJJ1pl for
people tcac:h them &amp;be value ot a healthy environment, lnclo4ing respect for
anbna1 and
t lifo,
,li'ITTl. . . . llll"'&lt;

ror

Glvlll&amp;.

ce, and COIDIDIInlb: Huroaa avico orpnizaliona arc a vital atructure throueb
duals can clwlne1 their &lt;bile to bdp 0\hcn. &amp;\ide$ civin&amp; an catimatcd $12.5
billioa to h Mal\ eeM.ce oqanir.adona In 1989, mlJ11onl of volunteers donated their time to
wbjch inO

provide the 1~ strvcevre of human avico orp!luuons, to help raiac the chariCib!o
con\rlbu • that are vital to COiltlnulftl &amp;etvicu, and to u~Jt In the dellvery ol a wide ruce
. or communi JerVJa.. Th_, volun&amp;ary effort~ relieve 1upaycn of aomc of the burdeft they
would
• tau aswl aupplement tbe ability of aovemment to off'er servlct.a to the
commwlilJ. 11\rouch their contributions of timo end money to human seN lee orpnlzadolll.
community
t&amp; become informed about community prob~s, and, more importUtly, a-in
a commitm 1 to help reaolvc them.
. :.

Pluralism: uman ~e~Vlce orpnha11ooa make an i.mpormnt contribution to foatorin&amp; tho value
of plural! . WhJ1e often wcrtlft&amp; cooperadveJy wilh aovemment In finc:Unc solution~ to
c:ommunity
blcms, human service orpnlathm abo provide an alternative to sovemment
which
tl tndlvldualJ wltb differing ideu and approaches to join qethe.r in f~terinl
iMovative utiona to wmmunity problema, aa well aa in offenna le!Yic:ea for which
government ndln&amp; may not be adequate or may not exiat at all. Many human service orpru~a·
Uona also
k to promote lho valuoa lnhuont 1a a natioo of radally and cu1turally dlvene
populationa, lncorporatlnc and afTlnnlnc the dl~ app~ of different communllla to
the prob~s of an and teachinS people from one cultural backpound to undmtaod and
a:ppreciale
values ol otheta.

Clvlc hrt patiou: ~ they kSc:nd.ty community problems and work to 1olvc them, human
servJce or · tiona foster Ole value of civic participation by &amp;edna aa advoe&amp;lel for posldvo
social chana Many human aeiYke orcanb::aticn.s teach tM value or clvJc participation' taddn&amp;
out to the
p1 they serve - !rom yauns ~ to tbe eldrzly - to provlde them with ·
oppanunJ
10 participate in fODDulatlaaiOlllticm to important social problems.

y human aervlce orJl.llb.atlona are rdigiously affiliated or promote rcJigi011s bellet'.
of their mlallona.
.•

�·~

·

...

.

~

Public polic orpnlutiona ~ ftnt aDd f'oteQ\Ott adYOC*tel fot the pubUo interest. 1bey
dable aDd refreahina flow c;f lndepeftdr:nt ldcu and innOYili"Ye solutiODI to our
aocicty'a p lcms. ~y ~ establllhe&lt;l thlntln&amp; and tnslltutlons with a1tttna&amp;ivo
philosophlea and vltwpalnta. In 10 doin1, they reinlmee core Ylluea of' democratlc ·~ety.

provide a

~
policy orpnlzalkm arc !lillie up ol &amp;IO"PJ ol peoplo Who ~• ......,
on thl:irl own values and bellefa about the pubJio tood.
arc vo\unwy, divme.

I'IGral.lml:
act

:

111

~

competitive, and relatively indcpcodeot from Nte controls. Tbby provide a voice !or disaatt.
They ate a v~icle for enc:oUJI&amp;ln&amp; &amp;ovemmeAt and non·sovemment strvcturcs to mpond to t!\o
needs ot lhc·
• people of color, womat, and othal who 1loe lianiftcant oddt 1ft the!r pursuit
of the quali ~ Jift. 'Ibe)' ofltr a way tor indlvidualJ who 1hare a set of common oonctnl to
brin&amp; about
10. PubUe policy Otpl\lration' make ~ that many voices, even unpopular
poia&amp;a of
• ~ he&amp;Jd, so that tbe beat possible anawers will erncr&amp;e out or tho oructDle of

democratic

·

·

CiTlc l'ar1 patlou: Public pollcy orpnlr.atlons teinf'o~ the core values of democracy by
educatina Uzent 10 enable them to participate In the dctuocralio procea u advoea'- IS\d
leaders, \h 'I JncreulD&amp; the stake each hu in the performance or government and aociety.
They teach 1 the pmctlcal skWJ of democratic problem 10Jvinc, how to solve ptObltmt
QOQPCff.tl~ , and lD the prwcu to bUild bddsea that cross racial, clua, and 100iallines.
,roups suppl)' rcaearch l!ld lnfofmation about important pubHc problem•,
te and fnformod diJcualOft among cititells. 'ney challalge existing thinkfn&amp;,
aolutiona to problems, and supply t.as that othetwisc would be mlssinc in \he
dcba&amp;c.
: Public policy ortanizations challalae Misting communities, belplng eitl!eAs 10
social, educa.tlonal, relJ,IoU$, buainess, and JOYCrnmcnlal instlt\Jdons. Th~y beJp
to con
new COJDmunitles that are moro inoluaive in their membenhip, more tolcmrt of
dlfJerenca,. and more supportive ot sprdal need&amp;. One of the Wks of pubUc policy orpnlr.ations llln~ down banien that pnMDt tun partlcipation by disadvantaJed groups: racial and
ethnic min rities, women, individuals with diaabWtl~, pc:opto livin&amp; in poverty, lho inftrm
elderly.
•
·
Public po~·
'I orcamr.ations are themaelve&amp; communities. They are arpnizatioDJ e3tabllshed by
individuals who oome to~ethet in a community to eff'eot chango. 'lbay contribute tha
empow
t of group action to individuals who often otherwise would be withaut power. 'J'hcy
lnlpire ~~empower cltizells to beoome active ptrtldpanta in solving their community'a, thdr
nation'• .,~ their world'• problems.
.

15

:.

�'

Fatrne. aDd Trast: Pub!lo policy ~ elnphasizo the need f« faimeu and lot
accountablli~ in po!Jcy doclJions. They ltand for measures such P direct cltiun participation.
open aocess: to meeting., free availabWty of lnfonnation. clarity of to~ atandanfs, and ICCell
to jud.iclalrcvlow. Bach of thele measures be1pa to MJ\111: that policy dedilou are made fairly
and openly,' takina into ICQOUftt tho vieW! of all ~kftlled paniec. To the ~tent that pubUo
polioy orpoizationtiUocecd in their 1011 ot en1arlng that diverse points of view 1r0 ~led
in pJ'OOCICdlnp that are f\Jndama\tally fair. they ooatribute to tbe lrowth of trust ln our soQaJ
and govemmen\IJ lni&amp;!Wtkw.
I

I

.·

•

lo

J(o
,,

.

~

�'•

PliO - Jul)' 9.

tm

~ROLE OF JU:LtGIOVS ORO.uazA'tJONSIN 'J11E VOUJNTA.RYSECI'OR

rdi&amp;lo~

Much o! tbt .voluatary stctor bad Its orilln In

ed in insti~ons founded by and

aflUiatcd with churdlea and other reliJloua Otpftlzationt. llellgious orp.niDliona embody
and IUStaJn values ot tailh, compasllon, ac:Moo, and eomiDW\ity that art vital to Ame.tft.an

llfe.
Faith: Religicua faith offera bellevara, ar.i IOCiety. u a whole, a framework for m&amp;Jdr\c
sense out of Ute. lt provides an acplanatlon or the.ulUnwe meuins of eodstenee. lncludlns
the ori&amp;ina, purpose, de&amp;tiny, and Ultimate fat.B o(humankind. It extends a vWon of hope
for human.lty and a basia for maldng indivldull choices that ~ rooted in justice, compu-lioft, and ~ rather than in self-lntaaL ltdlpot;s orvnizatJons teach the value and
meaninc ol faith to believers aDd nOll·~ alDce and. by sponsorlnc practical
"pression• ot fa11b throup a broad rugo of dlarit~lo ente.rprlses, provide a meclwdltn
for individuab to act on their values and bcllefa.

Glvlq. Senice, aacl Commuoltr. Amtricana live senerou&amp;ly to religious organization~.
Nearly two-third1 of individual pvln&amp; Is contributed to rdigioua institution•. hli&amp;iou.t
Olp!lizations a.tm mobUize substantial volunteer resources. Nearly ~01 or the pop\1\a\ion
rcporu:d voluntccrina for churches and congrecatioas in 1989. Many more contributed tima
to relJgioualy-motivated human service and education prO&amp;BJns.

Religious orpnizattons are a maJor in1lucoce in devclopln&amp; tho valuo of givins and service
to both spiritual and secular causes. Bight)' percent of tbe members of Rligious orpniD·
tions reported that they made charitable cootrlbutlona in 1989, and fifty·nine percent
reported voluntcc:ring, in both cases a h[&amp;her proportion
. than the population aa a whole.

.

Churches and other toligious OfianizaliON are mediadng structure~, Jlnldn&amp; the individual
to the larger aociety. They provide a ~se of eomr:nunity and belon&amp;lng in a modern cut~
often marked by fra~mentation iJ\d al~aticn.
4

Compaalon : In addition to the COJlduct of wonhlp scrvi~ and other liturgical activities,
rcUgious oraania.tions arc cnpgtd 1n a broad ran&amp;• of religiously-motivated putonl,
healing. teachina, preachlnl, and othu ministries. hligious orpniz.atlona throughout the
oountry arc actlvely involved in fcedin; tho bunll)', clothins th~ naked, housing ,the
homeless, educatin&amp; the unsdloolcd. healin&amp; the $ick. and comforting the betea.ved.

Ninety-three pereent or all local reltiious con&amp;reptions have humu servi~ programs.
Pour·fiftha offer family oounseUns, and on~·lhird provide mwa or shelter to the poor.
Some sevenry·eicht percent donate for international reliel or missionary activity, and two·
thirds sponsor hospic:e.s, health programs, hosP~ or provide for the disabled, remtded, or

'...,I

'

�other pcoplo in crialt. Local cons~catlons made S8.5 biWon in direct arants to other
croups, and paid $10.7 billion for cduQttion. ~~~ IC'Yicel, antJ health programs.
Plural.l\'m: PRedom of rell&amp;iOD is fundAmental to American lite. This freedom is reflectecl
Ln the more tlwl t'ou dlousand rellgtous dcnominatitm anc! 3CCta in the Ullited Statea -111
wUh vi,T)'lna dcarca of di.JTcRnt theolocJcl, world viewa,lftCJ methods ot ministry. Iodced.
JUJUce Brennan recop1zecl that •,overnmcnt cranta ~cmptiona lo reliaious organlzationa
because they unlquely contribute to Ute pluralism of Amaican IOCiety by their religloua
actiVities. • lYJlz y. Tn QunmiuJon. 3'17 U.S. 664, 689 (1970).
Civic Partlclpatloa: Rdi'ious oqaniAUona 110 not divoroed from public life. Reli,tous
Cl'OUpl fottcr the Value Of civic participation by adwcatina ldi&amp;lousJy-bued valuM, &amp;Ucb U
·JuatJce, comp!Siion and JCIVice, which aro CJSCndal 10 the pre:stMJion and sur.ival of the
JOC!ety and of community Jlte. Rellsious oqanizatlona allo cncouraat community
partJclpallon in clvk life tbTOu&amp;h thmr ch&amp;llusea to the status quo. Nearly every sianificut
socl~ advance ovc:r tho past two hundred years-from ttbolition, to the progresdve
movement. to dvil rl1hts-hu been tqun or affected by m!Jgious advocacy of adhereMe to
bJ&amp;her principles ot conduct.
·

Developmeot ofBWIWl Patmtial: Rolf~ous orpnizadons affirm the dignity and worth at
human be.fngs and work Cor tbe developme~~t ol that resource. Tbo real value of faith is
judged, at least in part, by tho ~~=t to whlcb llYU ean be chansed and fmproved by it.
Religioua minlstrias inc:bMic the operadon ot chJid cue centcn, immiaration progmna,
seminaries., homes for the aced, snWion IOCicti•, orphanages, bospJces. health-care faclllUes,
oJemontary and MCOndary ldloots. collqes, youth camps, and retreat centers•

..

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICIDGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprojU sector in Michigan.

Minutes
of the
Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar V Program Committee Meeting
Wednesday, August 26, 1992 -- 10:00 to 1:00
Hyatt Regency, Dearborn -- Stearns Knight Room

Members Present:
N. Charles Anderson
Ethel Kage
Sandra Hussey
Charles Infante
Kenneth Isherwood
Maryellen J. Lewis
JohnS. Lore
Collette Murray
Barbara Owens
Helen C. Philpott
Diane Bostic Robinson

Diana R. Sieger
Mark Terman
Patricia Waxweiler
Lawrence Wells
Jacquie Wetherholt
Pamela Wong

Staff Present:
Donna M. Clarke
Carrie A. Weaver

1.

Call to Order: With the Co-chairs present the meeting was called to order at
10:15 a.m. Those present introduced themselves.

2.

Video Presentation on MNF &amp; Discussion of Purposes of GGS within the context of
MNF: M. Lewis presented an informational video on the formation and mission of the
Michigan Nonprofit Forum and reviewed several of MNF's programs which could tie
in with GGV.

3.

Review of Past GG Seminars: M. Lewis reviewed the themes from past seminars
noting that they shared several common threads: collaboration, media, tax policy and
public policy, volunteerism, and ethics and accountability.
M. Lewis also reviewed the GGIV evaluation [attached to minutes, although
unavailable at the time of the meeting]. She reported that the overall evaluation of
GGIV was excellent. The keynote speaker, Marian Wright Edelman, was a
tremendous success, getting consistently high ratings. She set the tone for the entire
day and energized and focused participants before the breakouts. In particular, the

�sessions on media and research were evaluated quite highly. While the session on
evaluation and accountability only received a moderate rating, it was "standing room
only" --evidence of the overwhelming interest in this area. The funding sessions
presented by Florence Green and Jerold Panas also received a very positive response.
The volunteerism session ranked well, although attendance was lower than expected,
primarily because it was in competition with the funding sessions.
The lunch presentations received high marks in the content area. However, many
participants commented on the inability to hear the speakers. M. Lewis discussed this
matter with representatives of the Hyatt Regency and was dismayed to learn that they
have no plans in the immediate future to revamp the sound system in the lunch room.
She noted that the program committee will need to give special attention and focus to
planning the lunch session for GGV and to budget for an adequate sound system.
M. Lewis also reported that the resource tables were a tremendous success. She
commended J. Wetherholt on her leadership and organization of this valuable resource.
The committee also discussed the possibility of charging a resource display fee for the
tables at GGV. Members noted that charging for displays is common practice for a
conference of this size and stature. The committee agreed to review the matter further
as it reviewed the budget.
M. Lewis concluded by reviewing the budget report for Grantmakers/Grantseekers IV
(attached). Attendance was 750, down from 1265 at GGITI. While no single cause can
be targeted for the decrease, it appears that much of the drop off was due to recessioninduced budget restrictions and to the scheduling of the conference in relation to the
Easter and Passover holidays. This drop in registration created a corresponding drop in
income. Because of the registration shortfall, hotel meal costs were down $10,000.
Additionally, the Hyatt Regency waived the $3500 conference fee due to irregularities
in service. However, expenses were up, due in part to extra efforts to elicit
registrations and in part to MNF assuming a larger portion of the direct costs of the
conference (such as mailing). Also, in contrast to GGITI, the MNF board budgeted
$10,000 for additional staff help, and funds for greater computer capacity to handle
such a large event.
After discussion, the committee created a sub-committee consisting of J. Wetherholt,
M. Terman, P. Waxweiler, P. Wong and M. Lewis to investigate future funding
avenues, including potential corporate sponsorship and fee for display. The subcommittee will meet or talk via conference call prior to the next meeting on October 6.
The committee also discussed continuing to hold the GGS at the Hyatt Regency in
Dearborn. Staff noted that there have been several significant problems with service in
the past. Initially, the Hyatt Regency was chosen because it was the only hotel in the
Metro Detroit area which could accommodate the number of breakouts required. The
committee reviewed the issue and agreed to include a question on the evaluation for
GGV which would ask if participants would attend GGS if it were held in Central
Michigan (Lansing) or West Michigan (Grand Rapids or Kalamazoo).

2

�4.

Define Theme for 1993 Grantmakers/Grantseekers V: The committee reviewed
previous GGS themes and agreed to build off of them in clarifying a theme for GGV.
Committee members also reflected on their individual perceptions of the previous
Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminars. Several common themes emerged:
accountability, the government/business/nonprofit partnership, diversity, the
breakdown of community and community investment/solutions. After brainstorming,
the committee chose: "Focus on the Future: Creating Caring Communities" as the
theme for GGV.
The committee also discussed the selection of the Keynote speaker. The Keynote
speaker sets the tone for the entire conference. The opening session needs a
charismatic, thought-provoking speaker who is in-tune with the independent sector
and the conference theme. The speaker should also be someone of prominence and
broad-based appeal. The committee discussed several potential speakers including
John Gardner, James Hayes, Brian O'Connell, Elizabeth Dole, Jimmy Carter, Ed
Barlow, Rush Kidder, Peter Goldmark, Peter McTier, John Jacobs and the new
President of the United Way of America. The committee will make a final selection
at the October 6 meeting.
The committee also reviewed the luncheon situation. In light of participants'
preference for networking time and the problems with the hotel sound system, the
committee decided not to have a luncheon speaker. The committee also agreed that
table hosts are not necessary during the luncheon. The committee discussed having a
short luncheon, perhaps thirty minutes, followed by an afternoon keynote speaker.
Alternatively, a second keynote speaker could conclude the day's program. The
committee will continue to discuss this issue at the October 6 meeting.

5.

General Themes &amp; Sessions for GGV: M. Lewis noted for planning that 22% of
those in attendance at GGIV were nonprofit board members and 45% were CEO's of
nonprofit organizations. There was a corresponding overlap of 14% .
The committee discussed several session topics related to the theme and developed
assignments as follows:
Sub-Committee
Futuring/Demographics
Volunteerism/Give 5
Media
Leadership
Real World Collaboration
Evaluation/Accountability
Public Policy
Legislators

K. Isherwood
D. Sieger
C. Murray
J. Lore
Diane Bostic Robinson
Sandra Hussey
D. Moore
E. Kage
M. Lewis
S. Feurt
L. Wells
P. Waxweiler

3

�The committee also reviewed the layout for the shorter afternoon sessions and agreed
that this format worked well following the longer morning sessions and lunch.
6.

Review of 1992-93 Planning Calendar &amp; Timetable: The committee reviewed the
1992-93 planning calendar and timetable noting the next meeting of the program
committee will be on October 6 at 10:00 to 1:00 at the Michigan Library and
Historical Canter in Lansing.

7.

Adjournment: The meeting adjourned at 1:10 p.m.

ref:ggs20826 .min,cm/ggs, 1200

4

�MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICIDGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

Final GGIV Financial Report
REVENUES

Restricted Contributions
Restricted Kellogg Fdn Grant
Program Fees
Tape Income
Transfers in from previous year

$5,272.23
10,000.00
32,695 .50
241.00
1,783 .00
49.991.73

500.00
12,000.00
37,236.00
729.00
3,062.50
53.527.50

14,746.96

3,046 .62
2.854.27
5,900.89

Office Supplies
4,503.41
Copying &amp; Printing
7,449.82
Postage &amp; Shipping
6,102.82
Telephone &amp; FAX
598.57
Advertising!PR
106.23
TOTAL DIRECT OFFICE EXPENSES

18,760.85

2,042.16
4,876.67
1,645 .01
1,315 .75
0.00
9,879.59

MEETING COSTS
SPEAKERS IRAVEL &amp; EXPENSES
EQUIPMENT
COMPUTER SUPPORT

20,997.04
4,251.61
2,433 .98
1,893 .98

31 ,874 .29
2,801.04
2,653 .00
314.11

TOTAL COSTS (EXCJ,JJDJNG STAFF)

63.084.42

53.422.92

Direct Staff Support (based on time sheets)
Miscellaneous Admin. Support (insurance, parking)

29,560.42
608 .66

TOTAl, REVENUES

EXPENSES

Professional Fees &amp; Services
5,321.66
Direct Clerical &amp; Intern Services
9,425 .30
TOTAL SERVICES (EXCLUDING STAFF)

TOTAL ACTUAl, GGJY COSTS

93.253.50

ref:gg4fmcl .rpt,cm\ggs, 1200,8126/92

5

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                    <text>MICIDGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, :MICIDGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

SUMMARY
of the
Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar IV Co-chairs Debriefmg
and
Strategy for GGV
Tuesday, June 30, 1992 -- 9:30 to 11:00 a.m.
Kellogg Center, Room 110, East Lansing, Michigan

Members Present:

Staff Present:

JohnS. Lore
Helen C. Philpott
Diana R. Sieger

Donna M. Clarke
Maryellen J. Lewis

1.

Call to Order: With the Co-chairs present the meeting was called to order at 9:05a.m.
M. Lewis conveyed the regards of E. Blews and H. Yamanishi who were unable to
attend due to their involvement with urgent state budget negotiations.

2.

Report on GGIV: M. Lewis reported Grantmakers/Grantseekers IV. Attendance was
750, down from 1265 at GGill. While no single cause can be targeted for the
decrease, it appears that much of the drop off was due to recession-induced budget
restrictions and to the scheduling of the conference in relation to the Easter and
Passover holidays. D. Sieger pointed out the committee must also be aware that the
seminar is reaching maturity and it will continue to be a challenge to provide potential
registrants with a compelling reason to attend each year. The GGS must respond to the
questions, "I went last year, will I learn anything new? How is this different from our
own conferences?" D. Sieger also urged special attention to themes that will be
attractive to grantmakers. After discussion the committee agreed the true test for
attendance will come with GGV. Staff will monitor attendance carefully throughout
the registration period to keep committee members apprised.
M. Lewis also noted that the drop in registration, created a corresponding drop in
income. Although income was down, several major expenses were down as well.
Because of the registration shortfall, hotel meal costs were down $10,000.
Additionally, the Hyatt Regency waived the $3500 conference fee due to irregularities
in service. MNF is currently concluding its fiscal year and will have a detailed report
of income and expenses for the conference before the first GGS Program Committee

meeting.

�M. Lewis reported the overall evaluation of GGIV was excellent. In particular, the
sessions on media and research were evaluated quite highly. While the session on
evaluation and accountability only received a moderate rating, it was standing room
only, evidence of the overwhelming interest in this area. The committee will relay this
information to the full committee as it plans the sessions for GGV. Staff will also
provide the full committee with a summary of the evaluation comments.
The lunch presentations received high marks in the content area. However, many
participants commented on the inability to hear the speakers. M. Lewis discussed this
matter with representatives of the Hyatt Regency and was dismayed to learn that they
have no plans in the immediate future to revamp the sound system in the lunch room.
The committee agreed the full program committee will need to give special attention
and focus to planning the lunch session for GGV and to budget for an adequate sound
system.
2.

Discussion of GG Seminar series with MNF Mission: The GGS is defmed in MNF
bylaws and founding documents as a capstone event, drawing on yearlong sector wide
work of the alliance and providing input to the alliances future work. M. Lewis
reported on how GGIV continuing themes (building on GGill, GGII and GGI) will
continue to develop during 1992-93 and provide a basis for planning GGV (especially
in the areas of public policy, media, evaluation, Voluntarism/Give 5 and research).
As requested of the Co-chairs, M. Lewis will continue to report to the GGS Program
Committee on MNF's yearlong work, so that members will be fully aware of the
resources available to keep the GGS at the cutting edge of nonprofit issues.
Because GGV will celebrate the end of the year of the Volunteer (launched at GGIV)
and the Kick-off of the yearlong Michigan Give 5 Campaign, D. Sieger agreed to
approach Paula Shoecraft at the Independent Sector, as a possible resource person.

3.

Strategy for GGV: M. Lewis reported all GGIV program committee members were
willing to serve again for GGV. The committee then discussed and identified several
individuals to add to the GGV program committee as follows:
Contact Person
Bob Berning, Capitol Area United Way
Vicky Hurley, UpJohn Foundation
Les McGavick, St. Mary's Hospital
Miguel Satut, Kresge Foundation
Pamela Wong, Michigan Bell

Robert Ivory (M. Lewis)
Diana Sieger
Diana Sieger
Dorothy Johnson (D. Sieger)
John Lore

The committee also began preliminary discussions on the keynote speaker for GGV.
To date, all of the keynote speakers have been outstanding. The opening session sets
the tone for the entire conference. In the past, speakers have been charismatic,
thought-provoking individuals who were in-tune with the independent sector. It will be
a challenge for the program committee to select a prominent individual with
broad-based appeal who can continue in this tradition. The committee discussed
several individuals including Elizabeth Dole, Adele Simmons, Franklin Thomas,

�Frances Hesselbein, Peter Gold mark, Rush worth Kidder and Peter McTier. The Cochairs will convey these names to the full committee when they meet in August.
The committee also discussed funding/sponsorship to replace the Kellogg Foundation's
three year diminishing grant. The committee agreed that it may be possible to target
corporate and foundation support, based on the conference and session themes.
M. Lewis indicated that both Dow Chemical and the Mott Foundation may be potential
funders. The committee agreed to bring the issue of replacement funding before the
entire program committee in August.
The committee also set the full schedule of GGV program committee meetings as
follows:
Wednesday Dearborn
August 26
Lansing
Tuesday
October 6
Lansing
December 8 Tuesday
Lansing
Tuesday
February 9
Dearborn
March 23
Tuesday
All meetings are scheduled from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. and will include a working
lunch. Staff will circulate proper notice to the entire program committee once final
arrangements have been made.
The Co-chairs also set up several conference calls, to take place in advance of the
scheduled full meetings. All calls are at 9:00a.m. and will be put through by MNF as
follows:
Monday
August 17
Monday
September 28
Monday
November 30
4.

Adjournment: The meeting adjourned at 11:00 a.m.

ref:7/6/92,ggv20630.min ,cm/ggsprg,1200

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                    <text>MICIDGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, :MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
All tallUulc1 to prom«1 f{'illl, 'ollllltllrilll tuultJ Jlrollf, •fl•ctiPI 11071projiJ stctor in Michigan.
~

DRAFf

Minutes
of the
Grantrnakers/Grantseekers Seminar V Program Committee Meeting
Wednesday, August 26, 1992- 10:00 to 1:00
Hyatt Regency, Dearborn - Steams Knight Room

Members Present:
N. Charles Anderson
Ethel Kage
Sandra Hussey
Charles Infante
Kenneth Isherwood
Maryellen J. Lewis
JohnS. Lore
Collette Murray
Barbara Owens
Helen C. Philpott
Diane Bostic Robinson

Diana R. Sieger
Mark Terman
Patricia Waxweiler
Lawrence Wells
Jacquie Wetherholt
Pamela Wong

Staff Present:
Donna M. Clarke
Carrie A. Weaver

1.

Call to Order: With the Co-chairs present the meeting was called to order at
10:15 a.m. Those present introduced themselves.

2.

Video Presentation on MNF &amp; Discussion of Purposes of GGS within the context of
MNf: M. Lewis presented an informational video on the formation and mission of the
Michigan Nonprofit Forum and reviewed several of MNF' s programs which could tie
in with GGV.

3.

Review of Past GG Seminars: M . Lewis reviewed the themes from past seminars
noting that they shared several common threads: collaboration, media, tax policy and
public policy, volunteerism, and ethics and accountability.
M. Lewis also reviewed the GGIV evaluation [attached to minutes, although
unavailable at the time of the meeting]. She reported that the overall evaluation of
GGIV was excellent. The keynote speaker, Marian Wright Edelman, was a
tremendous success, getting consistently high ratings. She set the tone for the entire

�day and energized and focused participants before the breakouts. In particular, the
sessions on media and research were evaluated quite highly. While the session on
evaluation and accountability only received a moderate rating, it was "standing room
only" -evidence of the overwhelming interest in this area. The funding sessions
presented by Florence Green and Jerold Panas also received a very positive response.
The volunteerism session ranked well, although attendance was lower than expected,
primarily because it was in competition with the funding sessions.

'

The lunch presentations received high marks in the content area. However, many
participants commented on the inability to hear the speakers. M. Lewis discussed this
matter with representatives of the Hyatt Regency and was dismayed to learn that they
have no plans in the immediate future to revamp the sound system in the lunch room.
She noted that the program committee will need to give special attention and focus to
planning the lunch session for GGV and to budget for an adequate sound system.
M. Lewis also reported that the resource tables were a tremendous success. She
commended J. Wetherholt on her leadership and organization of this valuable resource.
The committee also discussed the possibility of charging a resource display fee for the
tables at GGV. Members noted that charging for displays is common practice for a
conference of this size and stature. The committee agreed to review the matter further
as it reviewed the budget.
M. Lewis concluded by reviewing the budget report for Grantmakers/Grantseekers IV
(attached) . Attendance was 750, down from 1265 at GGill. While no single cause can
be targeted for the decrease, it appears that much of the drop off was due to recessioninduced budget restrictions and to the scheduling of the conference in relation to the
Easter and Passover holidays. This drop in registration created a corresponding drop in
income. Because of the registration shortfall, hotel meal costs were down $10,000.
Additionally, the Hyatt Regency waived the $3500 conference fee due to irregularities
in service. However, expenses were up, due in part to extra efforts to elicit
registrations and in part to MNF assuming a larger portion of the direct costs of the
conference (such as mailing). Also, in contrast to GGID, the MNF board budgeted
$10,000 for additional staff help, and funds for greater computer capacity to handle
such a large event.
After discussion, the committee created a sub-rommittee consisting of J. Wetherholt,
M. Terman, P. Waxweiler, P. Wong and M. Lewis to investigate future funding
avenues, including potential corporate sponsorship and fee for display. The subcommittee will meet or talk via conference call prior to the next meeting on October 6.
The committee also discussed continuing to hold the GGS at the Hyatt Regency in
Dearborn. Staff noted that there have been several significant problems with service in
the past. Initially, the Hyatt Regency was chosen because it was the only hotel in the
Metro Detroit area which could accommodate the number of breakouts required. The
committee reviewed the issue and agreed to include a question on the evaluation for
GGV which would ask if participants would attend GGS if it were held in Central
Michigan (Lansing) or West Michigan (Grand Rapids or Kalamazoo).

2

�4.

Define Theme for 1993 Grantmakers/Grantseekers V: The committee reviewed
previous GGS themes and agreed to build off of them in clarifying a theme for GGV.
Committee members also reflected on their individual perceptions of the previous
Grantmalrers/Grantseekers Seminars. Several common themes emerged:
accountability, the government/business/nonprofit partnership, diversity, the
breakdown of community and community investment/solutions. After brainstorming,
the committee chose: "Focus ott the Future: Creating Caring Communities" as the
theme for GGV.
The committee also discussed the selection of the Keynote speaker. The Keynote
speaker sets the tone for the entire conference. The opening session needs a
charismatic, thought-provoking speaker who is in-tune with the independent sector
and the conference theme. The speaker should also be someone of prominence and
broad-based appeal. The committee discussed several potential speakers including
John Gardner, James Hayes, Brian O'Connell, Elizabeth Dole, Jimmy Carter, Ed
Barlow, Rush Kidder, Peter Goldmark, Peter McTier, John Jacobs and the new
President of the United Way of America. The committee will make a final selection
at the October 6 meeting.
The committee also reviewed the luncheon situation. In light of participants'
preference for networking time and the problems with the hotel sound system, the
committee decided not to have a luncheon speaker. The committee also agreed that
table hosts are not necessary during the luncheon. The committee discussed having a
short luncheon, perhaps thirty minutes, followed by an afternoon keynote speaker.
Alternatively, a second keynote speaker could conclude the day's program. The
committee will continue to discuss this issue at the October 6 meeting.

5.

General Themes &amp; Sessions for GGV: M. Lewis noted for planning that 22% of
those in attendance at GGIV were nonprofit board members and 45% were CEO's of
nonprofit organizations. There was a corresponding overlap of 14%.
The committee discussed several session topics related to the theme and developed
assignments as follows:
Sub-Committee
Futuring/Demographics
Volunteerism/Give 5
Media
Leadership
Real World Collaboration
Evaluation/Accountability

K. Isherwood
D. Sieger
C. Murray
J. Lore
Diane Bostic Robinson
Sandra Hussey
D. Moore

E. Kage
M . Lewis

Public Policy

S. Feurt
L. Wells

3

�Legislators

P. Waxweiler

The committee also reviewed the layout for the shorter afternoon sessions and agreed
that this format worked well following the longer morning sessions and lunch.
6.

Review of lm-93 Plannin&amp; Calendar &amp; Timetable: The committee reviewed the
1992-93 planning calendar and timetable noting the next meeting of the program
committee will be on October &amp;.at 10:00 to 1:00 at the Michigan Library and
Historical Canter in Lansing.

7.

Adioumment: The meeting adjourned at 1:10 p.m.

rd:gal0826.min,cm/ap,1200

�MICIDGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, :MICIDGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
AJt ~~to promou tiPU.,, Polwatllrillt Gild 11 Jtro111, tlftdiPI 1UJ1CfJro.fil nctor in Mkhigan.

'

Final GGIV Financial Report

REVENUES
Restricted Contributions
Restricted Kellogg Fdn Grant
Program Fees
Tape Income
Transfers in from previous year

$5,272.23
10,000.00
32,695.50
241.00
1.783 .00
49,991.73

500.00
12,000.00
37,236.00
729.00
3.062.50
53,527.50

14,746.96

3,046.62
2.854.27
5,900.89

4,503.41
Office Supplies
Copying &amp; Printing
7,449.82
Postage &amp; Shipping
6,102.82
Telephone &amp; FAX
598.57
Advertising/PR
106.23
TOTAL DIRECT OFFICE EXPENSES

18,760.85

2,042.16
4,876.67
1,645.01
1,315.75
0.00
9,879.59

MEETING COSTS
SPEAKERS TRAVEL &amp; EXPENSES
EQUIPMENT
COMPUTER SUPPORT

20,997.04
4,251.61
2,433 .98
1,893 .98

31,874.29
2,801.04
2,653.00
314. ll

TOTAL COSTS (EXCLUDING STAFt)

63,084.42

53,422.92

Direct Staff Support (based on time sheets)
Miscellaneous Admin. Support (insurance, parking)

29,560.42
608.66

TOTAL REVENUES

EXPENSES
Professional Fees &amp; Services
5,321.66
Direct Clerical &amp; Intern Services
9.425.30
TOTAL SERVICES (EXCLUDING STAFF)

TOTAL AcruAL GGIV COSTS

93,253.50

ref:gg4fincl.rpt,cm\ggs, 1200,8/26/92

5

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34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327

Framework for the 1993 Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar
1993 THEME: "Focus on the Future: Creating Caring Communities"
POSSIBLE KEYNOTE SPEAKERS:

John Gardner
James Hayes
Brian O'Connell
Elizabeth Dole
funmy Carter
Ed Barlow
Rush Kidder
Peter Goldmark
Peter McTier
John Jacobs
New President ofthe United Way of America

Possible Session Themes
Futuring/Demographics
Volunteering/Give 5

Sub-Committee
K. Isherwood, YMCA/Metro Detroit
D. Sieger, Grand Rapids Foundation
C. Infante, Dow Chemical
E . Kage, Volunteer Connection/Grand Rapids
C. Murray, Henry Ford Health System
1. Lore, MNF Trustee
D . Bostic Robinson, Barat Human Services
S. Hussey, Council ofMichigan Foundations
D. Moore, Kellogg Foundation
E . Kage, Volunteer Connection/Grand Rapids
M . Lewis, MNF
S. Feurt, Mott Foundation
L. Wells, MI League for Human Services
P . Waxweiler, Genesee Substance Abuse Service

Media &amp; the Nonprofit Sector
Leadership Issues
Real World Collaboration
Evaluation &amp; Accountability

Public Policy
Legislators' Involvement in GGS

ref:ggsplan.exe,cm\cxec, l200

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34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
AIIIIIJJiutc1 to promou Kirillf, • oliUflllrUJf turd a ltro11f, 1/flctirt Mlf/JroftJ. sector in Michigan.
~

Final GGIV Financial Report
(* Revised 9/2/92)

REVENUES
Restricted Contributions
Restricted Kellogg F dn Grant
Program Fees
Tape Income
Transfers in from previous year

$5,272.23
10,000.00
32,695.50
241.00
1.783.00

49,991.73

1,520.00
12,000.00
37,236.00
729.00
3.062.50
54,547.50

14,746.96

3,046.62
2.854.27
5,900.89

4,503 .41
Office Supplies
Copying &amp; Printing
7,449.82
Postage &amp; Shipping
6,102.82
Telephone &amp; FAX
598.57
106.23
Advertising!PR
TOTAL DIRECT OFFICE EXPENSES

18,760.85

2,042.16
4,876.67
1,645.01
1,315.75
0.00
9,879.59

MEETING COSTS
SPEAKERS TRAVEL &amp; EXPENSES
EQUIPMENT
COMPUTER SUPPORT

20,997.04
4,251.61
2,433.98
1,893.98

31,874.29
2,801.04
2,653.00
314.11

TOTAL COSTS &lt;EXCLUDING STAFF)

63,084.42

53,422.92

Direct Staff Support (based on timesheets)
Miscellaneous Admin. Support (insurance, parking)

29,560.42
608.66

TOTAL REVENUES

EXPENSES
5,321.66
Professional Fees &amp; Services
9.425.30
Direct Clerical &amp; Intern Services
TOTAL SERVICES (EXCLUDING STAFF)

TOTAL ACfUAL GGIV COSTS

93,253.50

�MICIDGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 5171336-1317

September 3, 1992

MEMORANDUM
TO: 1993 Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar Program Committee

FROM: Maryellen 1. Lewis
SUBJECf: Evaluations of GGIV

Here are the numbers I reported from the 1992 evaluations of the Grantmakers/
Grantseekers Seminar. The rate of response (9.8%) was slightly lower than usual,
possibly because there was no concluding general session when participants would be
reminded again to turn them in.
Unlike 1991 whenMNF conducted a broader survey of participants' assessments
of nonprofit issues, the 1992 evaluation was in the standard evaluation format, providing
more direct information on each session (as requested by committee members last year).

As planning proceeds for GGS, you may want to consider whether there are
special questions you would like to include. For example, at the last meeting, you
suggested the question, 11Would you attend this Seminar if held in Grand Rapids? In
Lansing? In downtown Detroit?"

ref:gg520902 .uuno,cm\ggs,l200

�MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 488l4-10n

1992 GG4 Evaluation Questionnaire
~

RESPONSES

Excellent

Poor

Good

1. How do you rank this year's GG Seminar overall
in terms of its value and usefulness to you?

22

29

13

2

1

45

11

s

1

1

10

4

5

1

6

s

1

1

7

4

2

10

3

1

20..

7..

2••

2. How valuable/useful were each of the sessions
you attended?

a.

Opening session with Marian Wright Edelman

b. Collaboration and Appropriate Mergers
c.

Michigan's Year of the Volunteer

8

d.

Evaluation and Accountability ofNonprofits

4

e.

Meet the Grantm.akers

6

4

f.

Luncheon: The Capitol Challenge

11

13

g.

Shaking the Money Tree

30

4

3

h.

Innovative income Generation

14

10

4

1

i.

Combatants or Colleagues? Media

9

8

j.

Government Retrea1. Demographic Change

6

8

6

1

k. Becoming a Player

2

1.

1

The VanDusen Endowment Challenge

m. The Scholars Network

2

2

[no responses - 11 attended)

OTIIER

1

The Resource Tables

14

20

17

Registration

27

17

8

3

Hotel accommodations and logistics

11

14

4

2

3

•• Those who responded moderately or negatively wrote that they couldn't hear, that the acoustics
were lousy, etc. Only one person responded that the topic was not interesting or relevant.

�GG4 -Evaluation page 2
Comments

Acoustics in the Great Lakes Center"inade hearing almost impossible.
Having a software vendor at the resource table was very useful to me.
Was it an oversight, an insensitivity, or was today the only date for this forum- when
no Jewish community leaders could attend because the last 2 days of Passover are a
religious holiday? [NOTE: MNF coordinated this only-available date with the Jewish
Community Council, who advised us to proceed despite that fact that, they estimated, a
small number of conservative members would be unable to attend.]
Too noisy at lunch.
Well organized. Meetings with actual grantmakers (or more of them) would be helpful
More grantmaking for education would be more helpful
Really bad acoustics at lunch. Inadequate restrooms. Food at Lunch was excellent.
Service good too.
EXCELLENT!!!
Glad I camel Much knowledge. Many resources. Very motivating. Much to read and
share &amp; to plan.
Thanks - give us chance to order tapes. [NOTE: Several commented on tapes and
didn't notice the order form in the folder. Must redesign so more market friendly!]
Frustrating not to be able to attend 2 competing excellent talks.
Perhaps some specific areas - like Arts - could be targeted.
Wonderful information &amp; pleasant day! Lots of great ideas &amp; good interaction.
Hotel accommodations: awkward location if coming NW of Detroit.
Evaluation - room too small.
Shaking the Money Tree - More More More!!
Resource Tables- Tables by funders would be good, with their guidelines available.
Hotel-- Impossible to get a good night's sleep- too noisy.
Too many people, suggest 2 conferences at different times of year w/ similar topics but
much more specific. Could hold 1 conference for health, others for others.

�There were many excellent topics. I regret that I couldn~ attend ALL sessions. Maybe
next year split the AM into 2 sessions as welL or extend the hours of the Seminar. Also,
one session I wanted to attend was full after I returned from the bathroom. I was ver:y
disappointed. Only negative corrum;~tl
Date selected: Many people unable to attend due to Easter vacation and Jewish holiday
- this should be considered in the future.
Panas is obviously full of good info but his presentation is overly anecdotal. I would
prefer more organized outline or overhead in print and then anecdotes to flesh them out.
No or few handouts - handouts always help.
Lunch: Could not understand, poor sound system.
I thought this years seminar was very good. I would like to see sessions on Board
Participation in Fundraising, separate sessions for small vs. large agencies, more

representation from grantrnakers.
Coutdn•t find my nametag after opening session/Couldn't hear well at lunch/Florence
Green was excellent; however, she fails to recognize the value of the funder in
collaborations/mergers - she should encourage rather than discourage funders•
involvement.
Marian Wright Edelman was an excellent speaker in focusing on the problems that
nonprofits must face presently and in the future. I also found the info given during

Shaking the Money Tree useful
Evaluation: Tried to attend, but not enough space.
Evaluation: Couldn~ fit in the room. The program on Evaluation should be offered
again as the room was not large enough. At lunch, the microphone/P .A system was not
loud enough for the speaker on the federal system. The Governmental Retreat
[research] session was disturbed by clear oral influence from the meeting in the next
room. The speakers, however, were aU excellent and rose above all the obstacles.
I like the fact that it was not as crowded this year.

The luncheon presentation was of great interest- however, the acoustics of the room
are not adequate and the uncomfortable chairs - finally made me not interested (and
mad!)
Would have liked a session directed to the novice.

�As always and everywhere, not enough restroom .facilities for women.
Acoustics were difficult at lunch.
Flo Green was very interesting &amp; g~e out organized &amp; detailed information - dynamic
speaker! I Could have used more time for speaker/audience interaction. Collaboration
would have been an excellent all-day seminar. (As I understand, it already is when she
presents it elsewhere.)
Evaluation; My 1st choice but I couldn't get in-~ disappointed.
Luncheon: Poor room for listening- couldn•t see (pillars), hard to hear (acoustics)
Sound system at lunch was terrible - speakers were inaudible. Room for evaluation was
poor- standing room only; ~congested stuffy. Lunch was very good!
Registration excellent, efficient, no wait.
Put more loud speakers around lunchroom area. Those of us on the fringes could barely
hear the speaker. Many left the room because they were bored.
Acoustics in dining room were poor.
Opening session - very inspiring.
MI Year of the Volunteer - a good chance to see the political/nonpartisan support for
voluntarism.
Shaking the Money Tree -- extremely usable information, motivating.

It is frustrating not to be able to attend more of the sessions. Could you consider having
a 2-day conference next year with repeated workshops?
A great conference!
Very nice- just wish it were a little cheaper for us poor nonprofit groups.
Registration - no waiting.
Lunch - poor acoustics
The large room of luncheon is very difficult for such a content-rich topic as the Capitol
Challenge- would have liked it in a session. Was very disappointed that small room
prevented my going to the evaluation session. Wish you could have flexibly changed
rooms.
Luncheon - needed different format - Ed was good.

�Government Retreat [research]- too noisy. Needed handouts.
GG's doing fine. Could give out a tote for stuff next year.
(1) Consider some more p~cipatory sessions - interactive.
(2} Highlight collaboration success stories.
(3) Use media more - Create PSA's right at the conference. Involve
audience/participants.
(4) Leadership is a good topic- How about a summit on it?
(5) Show media excerpts re:NPO's from past year- in lobby - coffee.
( 6) Announce key accomplishments &amp; milestones of the sector in MI.
Edelman- inspirational but not directly related.
The sound at lunch was horrible. Couldn't understand - some were clearer than others.
Food: very good. Rooms: San Francisco was very warm.
Gerald Panas - Excellent -- worth the day!
I wish that symposis [sic] of all the workshops were available because one can only be
present at one workshop at any one time; and the workshop descriptions, although they
are good, makes one wonder as an afterthought.
I only wish that I bad been able to attend more than 3 of the concurrent sessions. Given
the title of the event, I would have expected more fund-raising topics. One other
comment: Conferences and seminars such as this one are great motivators. I always
walk away feeling "pumped up" and ready to take on any challenge. Statistically
speaking, retention of information, ideas and of greatest importance ENTIIUSIASM
quickly dwindles with time. After a Friday conference, Monday is ages away Therefore, I highly recommend moving the conference to any day, Monday to Thursday.
Thanks for a great day! !
Meet the grantmakers- would have liked more panel members.
Plan for more people. In some sessions, materials were in short supply. Other sessions
(evaluation) were standing room only.
This year's program is too idealistic &amp; theoretical. Let's get some real active grantors such as Susan Kelly from Hudsons - other examples are McGregor Fund, Reggie
McKenzie Foundation. People who get out on the streets and come visit programs.
The vast majority of funders seem to sit in their ivory towers - too afraid to make the
time and effort to come and see programs &amp; successes. I'm disgusted with their ''hands
off' attitude! To quote our keynote, ''Is this the best that you can do?"

�Opening plenary was wonderful, inspiring. Room for evaluation session was too small
Though lunch speech was important information, I would have preferred no speech to
allow more networking.
E~uation -

could have used moreqecifics and bibliographies of resources on this

toptc.
I missed having the list of conference participants. Very good conference!
I wish more of the morning session could have been repeated!
This was not only a waste of time but also of funds. Please let NSFRE come back to
run this event! The sessions seemed more oriented toward the grantmakers.
Particularly disappointing was the session on "Meet the Grantmakers" which focused
primarily on how people could make contributions to the foundation. I found this
conference very unsatisfying.
Enjoyable, informative- came away with good ideas. Would like to have opportunities
for breakout group discussion- get to know people and explore issues. To much
lecture format - need more participation.
Include an executive director of a small nonprofit on the planning committee.
M W. Edelman was outstanding. She, however, addressed issues which are not relevant
to my programs. Florence Green gives a great workshop. The format for the afternoon
sessions was not clear. Many of us thought it was like the morning. i.e. you could only
attend one workshop. The luncheon speakers were difficult to hear - acoustics, room
set-up, etc., not conducive. The conference was overall an extremely worthwhile day
for me. I would like to see you do more outreach into the arts.
The room for the luncheon was cold, pillars were a barrier to seeing the speaker, and the
acoustics were not the best. The lunch and table conversation were excellent.
Very well done.
The keynote addresses were excellent. Sessions were not applicable to our national
organization - &amp; we don't use a Lot of volunteers.

ref:gg520902.mmo,cm\ggs,l200

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.
V

June 16, 1992
MEMORANDUM
TO: Maryellen J. Lewis
FROM: Donna M. Clarke
SUBJECT: Breakdown of GGIV Attendance by Sector
Per your request the following is a breakdown of GGIV attendance contrasted against GGin
attendance by sector:
GGIV
Health &amp; Human Services
NSFRE
Higher Education
K-12
Arts
Priv/Comm/Corp Funders
Religion
Government
United Ways
Other

33
20
11
7
7
9
6
1
2
5

40
21
11
8
8
6
5
4
1
13

Please note that the total is greater than 100% because the attendance in some cases was crosssectional.
TOTAL ATTENDANCE:
Sneakers:
Volunteers

749
40
15

694

ref:6/16/92,gg4attnd.mem,prg/ggs,1200

�10

1992 GRS Attendance Pattern by Zincode Clusters

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                    <text>HARMON, CURRAN, GALLAGHER A: SPDU.BBRG
2001 S STRBBT, N.W.
SUITE 430
WASHlNGTON, D.C. 20009·1125
GAIL McGIIIVY KAINON

Tll.I.PHONII
(202) !21·"00
PAX

DL\NI Ct1UAN
ANNa IPliLaiiO
JANNI O. G.w.AOHD
IIUC l. OliTZINITIIN
KA11CDJNI A. lt«IYD
JllllCA A. LAnD

(aoa) au-6911

•AUXANDIA I . ACOSTA
•ADNrM'ID ONLY 1H PINHIYLV.A.N'IA

MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
WHITE PAPER ON VALUES AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Draft-- August 2, 1992

!anne G. Ga1Jagher

�FQOM HAR"OH.CURR RH,GALLAGH ER&amp;SPIELB ERG

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HARMON, CtJRRAN. GALI.AGBBR a SPIELBERG

INTRODUCTION

Voluntary nonprofit oraanizations are a critical component of American life. Sometimes called
the independent, or third, sector, nearly one million nonprofit charhable, educational, and
reUaious oraanizations touch, affect, and influence our lives from their beginnings to their end.'
Why these organizations exist in the United States. in such numbers and with such strength, is
an issue that hu been debated for nearly two hundred years. For nearly the same lenath of
time, debate hu ra&amp;ed over how the voluntary sector relates to the other two sectors: business
and government. las frequently discussed, but equally important, is the partnership between
the voluntary sector and families.
Our legal syatem traditionally traces the relationship between the voluntary sector and
aovemment to the Elizabethan Statute of Charitable Uses, adopted in 1601, which created an
exemption to the mortmain laws to permit alftJ to charitable oraanlzations. Much of the early
law aovernina the voluntary sector arose in connection with the reaulatlon of charitable bequests
and charitable trusts.
Today, however, the relationship between the voluntary sector and aovernment is defined
principally by the application of tax law. Nonprofit organizations oraantzed and operated to
carry out charitable, educational, religious, and certain other purposes are exempt from federal
corporate income tax. Many of these organizations also are exempt from state corporate income
taxation and from state and local property taxation. Dependln&amp; on the state and the organization,
they may be exempt from paying or collecting state and local sales tax. Contributions to them,
with some limitations, are deductible from income when calculatina federal, and in many cases
state, income tax liability.
The law of tax exemption recognizes two fundamental rationales for tax exemption: the
inclusive one of promoting the well-being of the community and the llmitina one of relievina a
aovernment burden. Economists, primarily addressing the rationale for federal corporate Income
taxation, have advanced a market-based set of theories for the existence of voluntary
organizations, principally that they supply goods that lhe free market cannot supply in adequate
quantity or with adequate quality. Political scientists suiiest that the reason for the existence
of the sector is one of government failure: that nonprofit organizations supply services that

1

1n order not to get bo&amp;aed down in debates over nomenclature, I have chosen to use the
term voluntary sector in this paper to describe the group of nonprofit organizations which are
exempt from tho federal corporate income tax under section S01(c)(3) of the Internal
Revenue Code and eliaible to receive tax-deductible charitable contributions.

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HARMON, CURllAN, GALLAGBBR A SPJBI.BBRG
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government either cannot supply, as ln the case of reli&amp;lous worihip, or doca not supply in
adequate quantity or quality due to laclc~f political consensus.
Some thinkers, however, sugelt that both the economists and the political scientists focus too
heavily on what the voluntary scctor does-what services it auppUcs-ianorlng or dismilstn&amp;
what tt is-what values it fosters and encouraaes. They araue that the voluntary sector is not
just a manifestation of &amp;ovcmment or marlcet failure, but a distinctive and vibrant institution that
enables both aovcmment and the market to fUnction.
The flrst section of thla paper discusses three pivotal values which arc tauaht and practiced in
the voluntary sector. The second considers how those values are manifested in action. The
third poses some lssuea with respect to accountablllty, reaulation, and control.
THB VALUBS1

Voluntary organizations collectively create. nurture, and sustain values that arc the framework
of American life. They promote altruism in an economic system that rewards attention to the
bottom line. They support and encoura&amp;e pluralism in a world that drives toward conformity.
They introduce community to a society that prius individualism. They provoke, chatlenee, and
question. They also teach, mediate, and heal. These values make possible both polltica1
democracy and economic capitalism.
Altrulrm. The voluntary sector affirms that all human beings have a basic moral obligation to

look beyond themselves, to undertake activities that contribute to the bettennent of others-other
people, other apeciea. future generations. Reaard for the cares and concerns of others is both
a necessary counterpoint to the self·reaard which is the basis of capitalism and a foundation for
the dialogue and compromise necessary to democracy. Neither democracy nor capitalism would
survive for lona in the absence of altruism.
The value of altruism is at the core of the voluntary sector. It is both the most important
unifyJna principle in an otherwise diverse group of organizations and the basis of all other values
encompassed by the voluntary sector. Values rooted In altruism-compassion, humJllty, respect
for others, concern for the future well-being of the community, justice for aU-thread through
the work ot the voluntary sector.
Voluntary oraanlz.ations teach the value of altruism by challenging their &amp;upporters to cooperate
generously and unselflshJy toward a common good. They offer a structure through which
individuals can participate directly in activities that benefit others. One fonn of participation

1

This secdon draws heavily on papers prepared for INDBPENDBNT SECTOR.

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HARMON, CURRAN, GAIJ.AGJDR A SPIBIBBRG
Pagc3

is the voluntary contribution of mon~ in support of the work of nonprofit oraantzatlons.
INDBPBNDBNT SECTOR estimates that private contributions to these oraanlz.ations totalled
nearly $123 bllllon in 1990.
There is much more to altruism than just stanina a check, however. Mllllons of people who
contribute to the financial support of nonprofit oraantzatlons also give aenerously of their time.
JNDBPBNDENT SECTOR estimates volunteers contributed services ln 1990 that equalled the
labor of nearly six milllon full-time employees, about 40" of the sector's total employment.

Plurallma . Pluralism, a central value of American life, is also a unifying principle for the
voluntary sector. America is a land of diversity: diverse populations, diverse religious beliefs,
and diverse political philosophies. Much of America's creativity has been born in this diversity.
The value of pluralism acknowledges that the strength of the nation depends on respectina the
differences amon&amp; its inhabitants and encouraging debate among competin&amp; points of view.
The voluntary sector is critical to malntainlna and encouragina pluralism. Bach of the nonprofit
oraanizations that make up the voluntary sector came into bein&amp; because a aroup of lndlvidua1s
sharing a common perspective came toaether to act on their own ideas and values about the
public &amp;ood.
Somo of these oraanJzations act in areas that aovemment is forbidden to undertake, as ln the
case of relt&amp;lon. The voluntary sector provides is the home for religious institutions.
Others flourish in areas central to tho expreulon of ideas, where eovemment intrusion carries
the risk of suppression of dissent. The voluntary sector is home to institutions which are
enaa&amp;ed in the propaeation of diverse ideu, values, philosophies, and cultures. It Is the locus
for organizations that challenae social polloy and urac the need for positive social c:hanae.
The voluntary sector also is home to oraanizations which meet a wide variety of human
needs-from those that do not command majority consensus to those that benefit from choice
amon&amp; providers. Individuals who see a need may form an organization to act on it, creatin&amp;
an alternative to relying either on aovemment or the market.
In all cases, the voluntary sector is pluralism at work.
Communuy. The ties of community are critical to the functioning of economic, political, and
social life. While teachin&amp; and supporting tho value of pluralism, the voluntary sector also
makes possible the creation and maintenance of communities.

Community often refers to a aeoaraphical unit-a nei&amp;hborhood, a city, a state, a nation. The
term also Includes groups of individuals sharln&amp; a common interest or goal. What matters is that

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IIABMON, CVBRAN, GALLAGHER a SPmt.BBJIG
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the community lives, as John Oardner puts it. "in the minds of Its members-in shared
assumptions, beliefs, customs, ideas that give meanin&amp;, ideas that motivate."
Vaclav Havel describes the role of voluntary organizations in the emergency of democracy in
Czechoslovakia u one of rehabilitating values, such as trust, openness, responsibility, and love,
which are the foundation of community. Encouragin&amp; these community values is at leut as
lmponant in the United States to counterbalance the stton&amp; encouraaement our society givea to
the values of individualism and competitiveness.
Communities bind themselves together throuah the mediation of voluntary institutions which
bring members of communities together in a variety of ways. Education provides the tools of
scholarship, discipline, and creativity that enable Individuals to participate effectively in
community life. Arts, culture, and the humanities contribute to a community's sense of selfIdentification, throu&amp;h preservation and presentation of the cultural expression of community life,
while challenain&amp; assumptions and promotlna the formation of new ways of percelvlna the
community. Human service, health, and reliaious organizations teach compassion for the needs
of others, provide structures through which members of a community can learn about and work
together to alleviate community problems, and offer a commitment to meeting future community
challenges. Environmental, human ri&amp;hts, and public policy organizations teach fundamental
skills of democratic participation, consensus buildln&amp;, and leadership.

•

•

•

The values of altruism, pluralism, and community are not the only values that the voluntary
sector encouraaea and suppons. But they are, I believe, the overarchin&amp; ones. J have attached
a table to thlll paper that lists a number of other important values identified by representatives
of various voluntary or&amp;antzations as critical to their purposes. This table may help stimulate
your thinking about other values your organizations may deem tmponant.
THB ACTIONS

Having established a framework of values as the buic contribution voluntary organizationa make
to society, the question arises of how those values are made manifest. This section of the paper
offers some preliminary thou&amp;htl on that subject.
This is a discussion that is just beginning. What follows is necessarily general. The task for
voluntary or&amp;anir.ations is to define the more specific actions that are appropriate to their
particular charitable purposes. Hospitals and museums, to take just one example, wJll differ in
how they implement the value of altruism.

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IIABMON, CVJUlAN, GALLAGBBR A SPJBLBDG
PageS

There also is cona!derable risk that any e(fon at assessing actions in terms of values wi11 quickly
deteriorate into an effon to justify whatever the or&amp;anlzatlon is currently doing by fitting its
activities into the new cateaories. This risk, I believe. 11 unavoidable. Or&amp;ant.z.ations with a
strong board and staff commitment to self-examination can benefit from the exercise. Othen
will not.
Allmtrm and Prlva11 B•nl/fl. Altruism can be neither taught nor practiced in an oreanization
which is being operated for private, rather than public, benefit. This atmple proposition is the
root of the most buic and universally accepted of the leeal constraints on the operations of
voluntary organizations, namely that their resources must be used to benefit the public, not just
a small eroup of members, inslden or stockholders, and that theJr assets must be committed
irrevocably to public purposes. Surrenderin&amp; the opponunity for private benefit liberates the
voluntary sector to contribute the value of altruism to society.
AIJrul&amp;m and Charltabu Contrlbuttonr.

If altruism is a fundamental value of voluntary
oreanizations, then one of the basic ways in which it is made manifest is its stimului to people

to contribute their time and money for the benefit of others. Relying on charitable contributions,
even for a portion of their income, is a risky proposition for voluntary or&amp;anlzations.
Nevertheless, it is a necessary ono if voluntary organizations are to nurture the value of altruism.
Pew would araue that all voluntary oreanizations should be entirely aupponed through charitable
contributions. Oovemment financial support ls an important component of many organizations'
operatin&amp; budaets. Fees for services, tuition payments, admissions charaes, and similar
assessments permit oraanizations to recoup pan of their operatin&amp; costs and allow them to
reserve charitable contributions to support a range of activities for which payment is infeasible.
Still, voluntary organiutions traditionally have relt~ on charitable contributions for part of their
financial support and in so doina have created and sustained an institutional mechanism that
encourqes people to unselfish behavior.
Allndsm aNI 0(/'t to th1 Communuy. If one side of altruism is stimulating charitable givina,
Its reverse ia the &amp;ift that voluntary organizations make to others. Enshrined in the law of many
states Is a fundamental definition of charity, drawn from an old Massachusetts case, as a &amp;1ft to
the community. How the gift manifests itself will vary from oreantzation to oraanizatJon
depending on its basic purposes.

Por health and human services organizations, the croups with which I am most familiar, the &amp;1ft
i s one of services, and more particularly one of assuring that service~ are available to all: the
poor as well as those who can afford to pay for them; the youna; the elderly; people with special
needs. Human aervlces organizations realizo this value by providing some, or all, of theJr

services free or substantially below their actual cost and by including Jndivfduals who might be
discriminated against by proflt·motivated organizations.

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The primary &amp;ift of educational oraanizatiQ!ls, public policy or&amp;anizatlons, and those that support
art, culture, and humanldea, is ideas. The challenge to all of these organizations is to see that
their gift of Ideas is not confined to an educated elite.
Religious oraanizatlons &amp;lve faith. They offer a vlslon of hope for humanity and a basl.J for
making individual choices that are rooted in justice, compassion, and service, rather than sclfintereat. The outpourina of charitable suppon for reltaioua organizations is perhaps the most
strUdna example we have of altruism tn action.
An oraanization's aift to the community should relate direcUy to ita charitable purpose. Prom
time to tlmo, organizations may do something that benefits the community because it suitt an
institutional need. A hospital, for example, may pay for a stop light in front of its entrance.
While the community benefit! ln the sense that It avoids spending tax dollars for thla project,
the benefit is not one that clearly and substantially relates to the hospital's basic purpose of
providlna health care.
Plul'dlltm and R11p1ct/or Divinity. If pluralism Is a central value of the voluntary sector, then
pluralism should be manifest in the actions of individual organizations. Pluralism Is expressed

most obviously in the creation of organizations that support and encourage different beliefs,
arguo for different points of view, and provide services that respect the traditions and culture
of different parts of the population. The challen&amp;o of pluralism for these voluntary oraanizationa
Ia to continue to be different: to confront the conventional views of society, to compel
communities to reexamine their values and the reasons for their existence.
The challen&amp;e of pluralism is &amp;reater for more traditional voluntary or&amp;anizatlons. Por them the
questions include whether the leadership ls willln&amp; to listen to views that differ from thelrsi
whether a service oraanfzation respecu the beliefs and opinions of its clientelei whether an arts
orpnization reaches beyond the traditional canon to present work&amp; that are difficult or
unpopular, or which are rooted fn other cultures and traditions: whether an organization exposes
its membenhip to people, places, and ideas which they mi&amp;ht not otherwise encounter.
As in the case of altruism, all voluntary organizations should be able to explain clearly and
convinclnaly the ways in which they teAch and practice the value of pluralism.
The task of community-building has never been more important. With
our political institutions increuin&amp;ly in disarray, voluntary oraanizations may be the country's
last, best hope to rebuild the fundamental sense of trust and openness on which community is
built. Trust is central to community and knowledge is central to trust. Objective manifestations
of trust include such simple, but dlftlcult to attain, measures as openness, honesty, and fair
dealin&amp;, particularly in areas where they cannot easily be monitored. A nonprofit hospital
should not create or facllltate an environment in which patients are subjected to unneeded treatCommunll}' and Trurt.

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ment. A nonprofit home for the aginaallould be particularly sensitive to the need to protect ita
dependent residents from abusive treatment.

Communlly and Undlrrtandlng, An important part of the contribution of voluntary
organizations to buUdln&amp; community is brlnaing people toaether to acc:omplish a common coal.
The actions needed to implement this principle include a willlnaness to reach outside the
organization in a variety of ways to teach people about other needs, other cultures, other
communities. AU voluntary oraantzations can take actions that foster the erowth of community
knowledge and community understanding. Voluntary organizations also should act as medfaton,
seeking solutions to divisive community problems.
Communlly and Participation. Voluntary oraanizatlons must be inclusive. They must regularly
examine and remove barriers to participation, whether these are financial, social, or rooted in
the perception that certain kinds of institutions are primarily for an elite.
Communlly tmd Contlnully. Finally, voluntary organizations should contribute to the building
of community their commitment to preserving the past and to planning for tho future. Since they
are not driven by the need to realize short-term profits, or the desire to get reelected to political
office, voluntary oraanlzations are welJ-suited to undertake the taska of helping communities
understand and preserve thelr roots, while planning ways to assure that the community will
survive and flourish in the future. Objective manifestations of this aspect of the value of
community include a commitment to provide 5el'Vfces when they are unprofitable, as well as
when they are; the refusal to abandon a neighborhood or a city that has fa1Jen on economic hard
times; and effons to rebuild failing communities.
ACCOUNTABIUTY

To whom should voluntary organizations be accountable, and how should that accountabllity be
measured? There ia no more difficult question.
The answer lies, I believe, in a combination of acc:ountabillty mechanisms that protect the
essential independence of voluntary or&amp;anizations while acknowledging the need for some form
of external discipline to prevent abuses.
The balance of this paper discusses some of the issue-s associated with accountability.
Accountablllty to S•V. The first, and most important, form of accountabiJlty Is the duty of the
organization to regularly examine itself. Every voluntary organization should have a built-in
process to examine how Its activities embody and perpetuate the basic values of voluntary
organizations. The nature of the process, and the frequency with which a self-e:~tamination is

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conducted, will differ from organizatlon~o oraantzation depending on the organlr.atlon'aslze and
the complexity of lta mission.
Mission atatomenta aro an important pan of accountability to self. They 5hould addrets the
fundamental valuea of altruism, pluralism, and community and identify how each of the
oraanization's activities supporu and encouraaes one or more of those values. Mission
statements also lhould identify additional values that are fundamental to the organization's
purposes, and describe how its activities perpetuate those additional values.
Orcanizationa should regularly examine their activities to determine whether they match
community need in light of the organization's values. Community need, not economic return
or institutional self-Interest, should be the primary basis for institutional decisions. While the
organization'• financial resources, and the experience and abUlties of its staff, will play an
important role ln the final decision of which activltles it undertakes, a willingness to take
institutional risks and to seek additional sources of support mark orp.nizations' commitment to
altruism, pluralism, and community.
Efforts are underway amona some groups of voluntary organizations to devise methods of selfasseument. The Catholic Health Association's Social AccountabiUty Budget Is a notable
example which provides detailed guidance to hospitals seeking to plan for and report the benefits
they provide their communities, and especially services to the poor. The American Association
of Museum's new report, Excellence and Equity: Educallon and the Public Dimension of
Mw~unu, contains 5pecif1c recommendations for making education central to museum's mission
and for increasing diversity in museum operations and pro&amp;rams.
AccountabUUy to tht PubUc. Voluntary or&amp;anlzations owe their donors, both present and
prospective, regular explanations of what the organization is doing and how it is spending its
money. Thla includes accounting for how much of its budget is &amp;pent on overhead, on
fundraialnJ, and on program.

Many believe that the discipline of regularly seeking contributions from the public is an
important form of accountablUty. I believe that discipline works best where fundraJatng is
carried on at the community level with significant involvement by volunteers. As contributors
become more distanced from the organization, it becomes much more difficult for them to know
what the oraanizatlon is doing and how it is spending its money.
AccountabUlty to Gov~rnment. The present le&amp;al system enforces nonprofit accountability
primarily through the tax system and secondarily through the statutes govemin&amp; the organization
of nonprofit corporations and the authority of state attorneys general to reaulate charities.
Regulation at the federal level is vested almost solely in the Internal Revenue Service's enforcement of the tax code.

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State tax roaulatlon variea from state to,state, but aenerally followa a pattern under which tho
state legislature first decides which nonprofit purposes merit property or sales tax exemption.
Thereafter, local aovomment authorities exercise accountability throuah their power to grant,
deny, or challenge the entitlement of particular oraanlzatlona to property tax exemption. This
exercise of accountability ia reviewable by tho courts, sometimes with an intermodiate review
by a state administrative aaency. The state department of revenue, or equivalent, aenerally
administera the state's sales tax exemptions, issuin&amp; regulations and rulings which also are
judiclally reviewable.
State attorneys aeneral typically investigate charaes of financial mismanagement, including
claims of false and fraudulent solicitations of charitable contributions. Reaulation of charitable
solicJtation has been a primary preoccupation of many of these offices in recent years.
More st&amp;ntficant than the identity of the enforcement authorities, or even the leaal basis for their
investiaatlons, is the question of what accountability measures arc appropriate for government
investiaation. 1 have suaaested that the most imponant issue in addressina the rationale for the
existence of the voluntary sector is the values it teaches and practices. Legal accountability,
however, requires objective criteria lf the law is to be enforced in an even-handed manner.
Certain values lend themselves, at least in a aeneral sense, to objective criteria. Thus,
eovemment periodically steps in to enforce the rules barrin&amp; private benefit. Where ae~ment
extsu that an oraanization should manifest altruism by maldng a aift to the community, legal
principles can be constructed to measure whether a aift is occurrlna. If there is a consensus that
organizations should be supported, at lea5t in part, by charity, that too can be measured.
Individual cases will lend themselves to disputes over issues auch as the point at which
reasonable compensation for services rendered becomes impenntsslble private inurement and
how much charity an oraanization must provide to be considered to have made an adequate gift.
However, mechanisms exist for resolving these disputes. While there is a areat deal of room
for improvement of these mechanisms, particularly at the state level, the point remains that these
criteria can be measured and enforced.
Other values are more difficult to translate into an accountability mechanism; some are
completely inappropriate for governmental supervision. For example, this paper identifies
pluralism as one of the three fundamental values of the voluntary sector; yet if government were
to take a role in trying to enforce pluralistic behavior, the result would be the rapid destruction
of the value, as government substitutes its judament for that of the oraanizatton.
A substitute for direct accountability is enforcement of surrogate requircmentt intended to make
the organization's proper functioning more likely. The role of the board is paramount here.
Conventional and widely-a~pted principles aoveming the structure of boards of directors of

�BABMoN, CUIUlAN, GALLAGHBB a SPrm.BBBG
Page 10

nonprofit oraanlzations do tend to promote, although they by no means guarantee, a board that
wJll exercise ita supervisory function tft the best interests of the organization.

Board Momben Muat Bo IndCl)Mdent. Boards made up of or dominated by an organization's
paid staff or other instdera are not in a position to independently oversee any orcanizatlon,
voluntary or not. There are a few exceptions to this rule, as where paid ataff is subject to a vow
of poverty or a aimtlar binding commitment. OUtside the religious community. however, these
exceptions will be almost nonexiatent.
Boards also should be of a size appropriate to the organization's financial resources and mission.
Three is the bare legal minimum in most states, although some allow one. The National
Charities Information Bureau recommends a minimum of five. Most organizations should have
more if the board is to adequately govern the organization.
BOAr() Members Must bo volunteers. While most or&amp;anizatlons still adhere to Jt, there is debate

about this principle. Two main arguments support paying board members for their services.
The fint Ia that some voluntary organizations with complex structures and flnancing have
difficulty in obtaining the services of competent, experienced directora without compensating
them. The second is that expecting directors to be volunteers may discoura&amp;e participation by
the less affluent who, it is argued, are Jess able to make the contributions of time required.
Both these argument! have weight. Overriding them, however, is the simple principle that
directors who are paid to perform the task &amp;enerally eventually will lose the commitment to
community that characterlzea volunteers. Again, the exceptions to this rule lie in the religious
community.
The principle that board members should be volunteers does not exclude payment for costs

Incurred in serving. This includes travel and child care.
BQarda Must Meet Regularly and Exercise Their Supervlsocy Rcsooostbility. We are aU familiar

with the board that never, or rarely. meets and, when it does, rubber stamps the decisions of
paid staff. Sooner or later, those organizations Jet in trouble.

Grea11r R1platton of Gov1manc1 Structuns: An issue worth examining is the appropriate
balance between tightening current Jegal requirements for institutional governance, which
generally are fairly minimal, and the limltini effect that tightening the requirements would have
on the ability of individuals to form new organizations.
N1gotiat1d Accountablllly. Utah is experimenting with a limited form of what I am terming
negotiated accountability. This method of accountablllty requires hospitals and health care
organizations to meet periodically with tax officials to discuss their missions and their plans for
accomplishing them, including a detailed explanation of how they will provide charity care and

�08.02.1992

l'51S0

IIARMON, CURRAN, GALI.AGBBR A SPIBLBBBG
Page 11

the other community benefits they wm Cltfer. l have no information about how this process II
workina.
Conducted in &amp;ood faith on both sides, thJa process has some promise. However, it also carriea
the serious risk that diaaareements over priorities will lead to efforu to substitute the aovemment
official's judgment for that of the voluntary oraanization's board .

•

•

•

Public discussion of these difficult issues is essential. Public discussion can lead nonprofits to
refocus their attention on their missions and to make needed chanaes in their operations. Public
discussion also is an important vehicle for cducatin&amp; the community about the role and values
of voluntary oraantzatlons.

P. ll

�Table 1 - Values Identified by Subsectors of INDEPENDENT SECTOR

Arts, OIIWre
aMI H1n11a1ities

•
•

Altruism

Community

EdiJC3tim

F.avi.ronJnent

•

•
•

•

•

•
•

HamaR Services

Rdigion

•

•

•
•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Discipline

,

•
•

•

•

•
•

Faimess/Trost

•

Future

•
•

Human POialliaJ
PlDral:i.sm

•

Presav3rioo

•

Schnb•ship

NWc
Policy

•

Democncy/Civic
Participati&lt;m

Excellence

•
•

CR:ativity

Bhics/Faidl

Human
Rigbls

Compassioo

I

lk:ald:t

•
•

•

I

•
•

•
•

•

•

•

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                    <text>Michigan Nonprofit Forum
Summary Income/Expense Statement
For the Period Ending August 31, 1992
(~of s.pteml»&gt;

~

Current
Month

17,

1~)

Adu..

y.,_

BUdgetto-Oate

to-Oa

Annual
Budget

REVENUES

Genenll Contributione
Founding Member Contr
OtMr eo.rd Contnbutiona
lnlllrelt &amp; OMdenda
Kllogg Grant
Oth• Glanta &amp; Contrada
ProgrwnF. .
Membenhip Ou•
MNF Subecr.IPubllncome
Total! R.,_.u•

n1 .57
0.00
0.00
145.48
12.218.33
0.00
0.00
SM)().OO
0.00
0.00

1,832.57
0.00
500.00
257.21
24,436.66
2.000.00
0.00
4,esn.2s
20.00
0.00

2.513.34
1,e66.66
333.34
416.66
25,58e.74
7 ,500.00
0.00
1,188.66
100.00
0.00

15,080.00
10,000.00
2,000.00
2.500.00
148,620.00
45,000.00
40,000.00
7,000.00
600.00
0.00

13,aa5.36

33,737.69

39,283.40

268,800.00

9,008.41

21,481 .81

18,000.02

108,000.00

1,540.05

3,067.70

3,483.34

20,000.00

500.00

500.00

5,333.34

32,000.00

743.68

2.998.60

8,333.34

45,000.00

0.00

30.00

133.34

800.00

168.09

481 .53

500.00

42,000.00

1,603.21

1,661 .45

1,583.34

9,500.00

0.00

597.00

250.00

1,500.00

54.95

109.90

1,000.02

6,000.00

34.86

76.61

666.66

4 000 00

13,653.25

31,004.60

39,283.40

268,800.00

0.00

000

EXPENSES
SALARIES
T ami Selanee
BENEFITS

Tami Benefita
CONTRACT SERVICES
T otall Contnlct SeMCee
OFACE OPERATIONS
Total otftce Opernona
OCCUPANCY
Tot.! Occupant:'f
MEETINGS
Tot.! Meetings
STAFF TRAVEL
Tot.! TriMM

STAFFJBOARO DEVELOPMENT
Tot.! Statfl8oard Develop
FURNITURE/EQUIPMENT
Tota Fum rrure/Equipment
MISCELLANEOUS
Tota Miscellaneous
TOTAL EXPENSES
BALANCE

&lt;332.11&gt;

..

&lt;2,733.09&gt;

.

~

...

�Michigan Nonprofit Forum

Balance Sheet
August 31 , 1992
(As of September t 7, 1992}

ASSETS

Current Assets
Petty Cash
Checking Account - MNF
Accounts Receivable - Other
Prepaids

$

49.84
171 ,535.57
1,089.60
820.05
173,495.06

Total Current Aueta
Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets
Accumulated Depreciation

28,399.95
&lt;832 .69&gt;

Total Fixed Assets

$

27.567.26

Total Assets

$

201 .062.32

UABIUTIES

Current Uabilities
Accounts Payable-Operating
Accrued Vacation
F.I.C.A . Payable
Federal Withholding
State Withholding
City Withholding
Other Withholding
A /P Hospitalization
Deferred Revenue
Operatmg Reserve

4,072.75
1,376.88
0.00
0 .00
2,710.23
0 .00
0.00
0.00
124,920.84
39,442.95
172.523.65

Total Uabilities

FUND BALANCE

Fund Balance

$

'''

.. .

28.538.67

�MICIDGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
.U allllucu to promou lirU.,, rol1UU11rill1 Gild a slrollf, t/Jtctlre Mnproftl sector in Michigan.

Revenues and Pledges since Seotember I. 1992

Associate Member Dues
Network Associate Member Dues

s

Grants:
MI Campus Compact
:MI Bell (pledged for January)
C.S. Mott Foundation (preliminary approval)

50
375

2,400
3,000
5,000

Possible Grantmak:ers/Grantseekers Support - now being explored by a GGS sub-committee:
Maryellen Lewis, 1-ANF
Mark Terman, NSFRE President
Patti Waxweiler, NSFRE President
Jacquie Wetherholt, NSFRE President
Pamela Wong, Michigan Bell
Blue Cross Blue Shield
$2-3,000 (initiated by J. Lore)
Comerica Bank
1-3,000 (initiated by J. Lore)
MichCon
Michigan Bell
AAA
Consumers Power
Old Kent Bank
NBDBank
First of America Bank (Kalamazoo)
Irving S. Gilmore Foundation
Steelcase
Accounting firms?
PR firms?
Publishers?
Software firms?

ref:9/17/92,,revenue.add,cm\cxe

.

...

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                    <text>Michigan Nonprofit Forum
Evaluation Report

July 1992

Prepared by:
Christopher M. Clark

�Michigan Nonprofit Forum
Evaluation Report

Christopher M. Clark
Introduction
I am here today to tell you a story. It is a story of people and ideas, hopes and concerns,
and about your vision of a stronger nonprofit sector for Michigan. In a sense, I have become a
biographer of the Michigan Nonprofit Forum, or a portrait artist, trying to capture a faithful
likeness. I hope that you recognize the Forum in this story. I mean the word "recognize" in two
senses: first, that you agree that my representation appears fair and faithful to your own images
of the Forum; and second, that this evaluation report moves you to think differently about, to re
cognize the Forum, in the service of a collective and evolving vision of what the Forum will
become. In other words, this is your story, with a beginning and a middle, to which you get to
add and enact the continuing chapters.
Evaluation Approach
This is a somewhat unconventional approach to evaluation. Classic program and project
evaluation designs evolved from behavioral science approaches to research on schooling and
industrial psychologists' ways of describing and analyzing factory production systems. In both
traditions, the heart of the evaluation process is definition and measurement of input variables
and output variables. The underlying metaphor is that of an efficiently operating, well designed
machine. When output was judged to be at favorable levels of quantity and quality, with
acceptable and sustainable levels of input, the evaluation was favorable. But when the system
was found to be burning too much oil or producing graduates who could not read, the evaluation
could lead to suggestions for redesign or even scrapping the system.
For several reasons, this classic approach did not seem to be a good match for evaluation
of the Forum. The Michigan Nonprofit Forum does not fit comfortably into the factory metaphor.
The Forum is not a production system, any more than a family is, or a good conversation among
friends. Now, I suppose that an economist could force the family into a factory model, producing
wage earners, tax payers, and consumers. But when I imagine a particularly family, say, my
family, evaluated in this way, the model misses the mark. The essence of a family or a
conversation or of the Forum is badly distorted or lost entirely by reducing it to a list of inputs
and outputs.
Coming to an understanding of the Forum presented me with special challenges. The
Forum is busy inventing itself as it goes. It is a dynamic set of ideas, people, activities and
relationships. Its history is brief, and there were no prior examples of evaluation for me to
follow. Much of the Forum's mission is rather abstract and invisible, its members are strong,
intelligent, busy, diverse, and all accustomed to being in charge. And the Fourm is hardly
anyone's full time preoccupation. These qualities make evaluation challenging and they make
evaluation interesting.
So what I have done is to assemble a portrait of the first years of the Michigan Nonprofit

�Forum, using your words and images to describe and take the vita! signs of the organization.
These words come from my synthesis of fifteen interviews of past and present Trustees and
committee members and of the returns from a mail survey sent to forty members and interested
and knowledgable parlies. Basically, I asked five questions in the interviews and
survey—questions about the historical past, the present, and about the possible futures of the
Forum. In listening to you, and in assembling this mosaic, I have learned much more than the
answers to these five questions. Thank you again for your frankness, patience, and generosity
with your time. I hope that what I give back to you here provides both satisfaction and food for
thought and deliberation as the Forum moves into its critical third year.
Results
Before I report the details of your answers to the five big evaluation questions let me
briefly sketch my overall impression of the state of the Forum. The Forum is a good idea whose
time has come. As one of the founding members said, "If the Forum closed down today, it would
have to be reinvented tomorrow." For many long time laborers and leaders in the nonprofit
sector, the cross-sector connections, conversations and projects are a breath of fresh air and
offer the promise of solidarity at a time when we need all the mutual support we can provide one
another. Many of you are impressed with how much the Forum has accomplished in its first two
years, i also heard some concern that these first years may be a hard act to follow, because our
small and dedicated staff and a few key committee chairs have been working at a pace that may be
unreasonable to sustain. For this reason and others, many of you see the Forum at a crucial
juncture. The time of getting organized and the excitement of doing something novel should now
yeild to a period of sharper focus on doing a few things well, on expanding Forum membership
and assistance to more local levels, and on securing continuing financial support from multiple
sources. The membership seems genuinely proud to be connected with the Forum and also
concerned about the challenges to achieving a balance that can be sustained for the long term.
Question 1. Have we actually created a Michigan Nonprofit Forum? To what extent does it live
up to our original hopes and vision?
The first part of this question is easy to answer "yes." The Michigan Nonprofit Forum
does indeed exist. The Forum has a staff, an office, a letterhead, a budget, a newsletter, and a
telephone. The Forum has members and Trustees and committees who meet and deliberate and act
and decide and, by and large, are pleased that the Forum exists, and proud that Michigan is the
first state to create such an organization. The Forum has sponsored important activities like the
Summit that would not otherwise have happened, and has become a key partner in other
activities valuable to the nonprofit sector such as the Grantmakers-Grantseekers Seminars and
the Campaign for Volunteerism.
To what extent does the Forum live up to the hopes and visions of four or five years ago,
when it was a new idea emerging from conversations among a handful of visionaries? The
answer is mixed. Most whom I interviewed are amazed at how much the Forum has accomplished
in the last two years. Often people cited the Summit as a first class event, where people who
would not usually find themselves in the same company came together to listen, to teach, to
learn about the importance, scale, and diversity of the nonprofit sector in Michigan.
Introductions made at the Summit and at other Forum-sponsored events have grown into
personal and institutional connections of mutual benefit. And research on the identity and
dynamics of the nonprofit sector in Michigan and nationally has begun and is now being

�disseminated. All of these examples of communication, education, networking, research, and
pursuit of common interests were certainly important in the founders' hopes for the Forum.
But there are also ways that the Forum, as it has come to be, differs from the original
vision. Things often take longer than we imagine they should, and the Forum has taken longer to
reach today's state of organization than originally pictured. There is a delicate balancing act
involved in operating an exciting and ambitious volunteer organization with a very small staff.
Forum members have come up with many more good ideas than can be acted on immediatly. It is
a good thing that the Forum functions as an incubator of ideas. But it can also be frustrating
when we have more good ideas than we can complete. For example, it was easy to agree that the
Forum should produce a White Paper on the nonprofit sector in Michigan. It has been much more
difficult and time consuming to figure out how to focus it, who should draft it, how detailed it
should be, who the intended audiences are, and when and how it will actually appear. The case is
similar with the videotapes recorded during the Summit. Moving from hours of recordings to
one or more condensed, targeted video productions is more expensive, complex and time
consuming than anyone expected.
Over and over again, in different ways, interviewees said that now is the time for the
Forum to focus on doing a few things very well. One described the Forum as being at the
adolescent stage of life. We have tried a wide variety of experiences. Now it is time to assess our
short history and be clear with ourselves about which three or four initiatives we have the
time, energy, and capacity to do best. No one ventured to spell out exactly what these three or
four key activities should be. But some of the nominated features of candidate core activities are
that they be pursued in a first class manner by a combination of staff and member time and
resources; that they have specific and measurable outcomes within a year or two; and that at
least some of these core activities be of direct and obvious benefit to local grass roots parts of
the nonprofit sector (e.g., local school boards, county United Way directors, community
volunteer centers).

Question 2. In what ways are the key activities of the MNF consistent with our Guiding
Principles?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Encouraging voluntary giving and service
Promoting constructive dialogue
Research and self-examination
Establishing high standards of ethics, efficiency and
accountability
5. Promoting positive public policies and incentives for the
nonprofit sector, including tax exemption

A general summary of responses to this question is quite positive: the activities and
Forum initiatives of the past two years are seen as consistent with the five Guiding Principles
adopted by the Trustees. Several respondents expressed delight in the fact that they could think
of Forum activities that reflected each of these principles, a pleasantly surprising record given
our short history. One trustee noted that, in hindsight, it was wise to frame and adopt these
Guiding Principles after the Forum had a year or so to sort itself out. A broad and inspiring
vision and mission statement was useful in rallying initial support for the Forum as an idea.
After a year of trying to operationalize the vision it was timely to set forth a more specific set

�of principles that speak to what we found lo be common ground. The Guiding Principles set
boundaries on Forum activities, present and future. They remind us of our priorities and, by
omission, of what we have decided not to do. More than one respondent suggested that the Guiding
Principles could be used as a framework for reports to the Executive Committee about Forum
initiatives and accomplishments. This format, in turn, could be used by Trustees and others to
inform their own boards of directors and members about the good work and benefits of Forum
membership.
Voluntary Giving and Service
Looking at the five Guiding Principles one at a time, the concensus is that the Forum has
accomplished the most in relation to the first two: encouraging voluntary giving and service, and
promoting constructive dialogue. Our credits for promoting voluntary giving and service come
mostly from Forum affiliation with and support of Governor Romney's Campaign for
Volunteerism and the Give 5 Program. Together, Forum involvement in these activities has
taken an extimated 25% of staff time and energy, to give you a sense of the scale of our
commitment here. Maryellen Lewis was also instrumental in helping make a connection between
the Michigan Association of School Boards' resolution encouraging a service option for high
school students and the expertise of the Michigan Volunteer Centers to assist local school
authorities. This is a good example of how the Forum can work as a linking agent, making
alliances for the mutual benefit of organizations that otherwise would not have realized an
opportunity.
Constructive Dialogue
Promoting constructive dialogue within the nonprofit sector is for many the signature
activity of the Forum. The word "networking" was mentioned often as a primary benefit of
Forum membership. Forum participants report having met and learned from others whom they
likely would not have encountered in their typical patterns of educators talking to educators,
church people meeting with other church people, and so forth. Once initial contacts have been
made through Forum events and committees, members have felt free to call one another in
pursuit of common interests and projects. In this sense, the Forum has worked well in moving
interesting people out from behind their habits of mind and routines to discover one another and
to form new professional friendships and connections. Because there was no other available way
to do this and because many members felt somewhat isolated in their work, this was singled out
as a highly successful part of the Forum's program.
But it is worth noting that a few participants also took a critical view of constructive
dialogue. Opening new lines of communication has been a good thing, but some of the conversants
are perceived as shaping the conversation more than others and in ways that guard their own
organization's interests. I hasten to add that these friendly critics are not imputing selfish
motives to particular Forum members. Rather, they are trying to explain the structural
features of the Forum that may place constraints on its agenda. Finding common ground is both
hard and delicate work.
Research and Self-Examination
The Summit received high marks for many reasons: the wide range of Michigan sectors
and interests represented, the honesty and openness of the participants, the sophistication of the

�technical arrangements, and the polish of Ed Slews as master of ceremonies. The Summit also
brought us into contact with research on the nonprofit sector in Michigan and nationally, and
continued our professional education about the scope, heterogeneity, and challenges of the
nonprofit sector. Respondents were enthusiastic about the beginnings of newly specific
definitions of the "third sector" and the marshalling of evidence by Mark Wilson,
Robert L Payton and others useful in convincing government, business, and the public of the
vital importance of supporting the nonprofit sector. At the same time, the research reported at
the Summit was seen as but a promising beginning. The developing Scholars Network and the
planned Nonprofit Research Conference in December are encouraging examples of how the
Forum will continue to promote inquiry about the nonprofit sector in Michigan.
Promoting High Standards
There is no doubt about the Forum's commitment to promoting high standards of ethics,
efficiency and accountability in the Michigan nonprofit sector. There is also no doubt that these
matters will take on increasing importance and sensitivity in the coming months and years. The
more successful we are in public education about the size and importance of the nonprofit sector
the more subject we become to public and political scrutiny and regulation. If we do not
articulately regulate ourselves, others will be glad to do it for us.
To date, the Forum has flagged the standards issue as important and proposed that the
next Summit take accountability as its theme. The proposed White Paper and a draft Code of
Ethics for the nonprofit sector hold promise as contributions to high standards. But it is too soon
to tell how strong the Forum's contributions in this domain will be.
Positive Public Policies
The Forum Program Committee and Public Policy Committee are the sources of most of
our work to date on promoting positive public policies and incentives for the nonprofit sector,
including tax exemption. These have been strong committees and a major agenda item has been
the tax credit issue. In late June the Forum sent an alert to members urging them to contact the
Michigan Congressional Delegation in connection with pending federal legislation on gifts of
appreciated property. Resisting postal rate increases and potentially onerous new accounting
standards drafted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board are also important priorities
addressed by these combined committees. The Forum has also received a small grant to find out
what other states are doing with regard to nonprofit sector advocacy. The general view among
members surveyed is that the Forum has made some promising first steps in promoting positive
public policies, but that it is too soon to tell how influential the Forum can be in this domain.
Question 3. How has the MNF increased a sense of community within the Michigan nonprofit
sector?
Many of the issues raised earlier under the heading of "constructive dialogue" were
echoed in connection with the Forum's role in promoting a sense of community within the
nonprofit sector. Members are pleased to have met and connected with individuals, organizations
and causes farther afield than they otherwise would have. Board and committee members who
are relatively new to Michigan or to their organizational roles expressed special gratitude to the
Forum for bringing them up to speed quickly about the Michigan nonprofit scene. And long time
veterans in the nonprofit sector are pleased that, at long last, we are building an infrastructure

�for much needed communication, cooperation and coordination. As one veteran said, "Before the
Forum our response to legislative developments was fragmentary and often too late to be
effective. Now we are able to be more coordinated and proactive." Members of Forum
committees expressed delight with the professionalism and energy of fellow committee members
and staff. The design of the Forum, with a very small staff, makes it necessary that the Board
and committee members do the lion's share of the work, and this has indeed been happening. A
sense of community comes from working hard together on common tasks, as Sister Monica
reminded me.
The Forum office is coming into its own as a source of information about nonprofits. The
staff has been responding to 12-15 telephone calls each month in its Nonprofit Information
Clearinghouse role, on questions as diverse as how to set up a new nonprofit, personnel policies
for nonprofits, training available, state sales tax regulations for church rummage sales,
fundraising opportunities, and where to get help recruiting volunteers for the Michigan State
Fair. In addition to providing helpful information and referrals, the staff adds inquirers to the
Forum mailing list and data base, broadening the statewide nonprofit network.
The expressed concern about the Forum's first years in promoting a sense of community
have to do with the scope and constituency of the community. Some feel strongly that the next
stage of nonprofit sector community building should involve much more attention to including
local and county level agencies and actors. The danger, they warn, is that the Forum may be
perceived as an exclusive club for state level nonprofit executives that has little to offer locally.
At the same time, others urge that we should not allow the Forum to get much bigger because it
is challenging enought to sustain a sense of partnership and connection among the present
membership. The issue boils down to finding a balanced way to provide intellectual, moral, and
practical support for the whole nonprofit sector in Michigan, while avoiding inefficient
duplication of services or exhaustion of our staff and working committee members. This
presents a classic dilemma, in which two desirable goals compete, and brings us back to the
issue of focus. When the Forum Executive Committee charts a course for the next year or two,
the question of the size, shape, and membership of the community we hope to affect ought to be
debated quite explicitly, for many other decisions are shaped and constrained by this
fundamental one.
Question 4. To what degree have the activities of the MNF increased awareness and support of
the nonprofit sector in Michigan?
Increased awareness and support for the nonprofit sector in Michigan are attributed
primarily to the Summit and to Forum involvement in the Campaign for Volunteerism.
Participating legislators and business people reported being quite impressed with what they had
learned about the nonprofit sector at the Summit. In connection with the Campaign for
Volunteerism, Maryeilen Lewis has travelled and met with representatives and boards of many
organizations outside the nonprofit sector, including the State Chamber of Commerce, Rotary
Clubs, the Detroit Executive Service Corps, and the Ford Motor Company. Satisfying as these
contributions to broader appreciation of the nonprofit sector are, they seem like a modest
beginning with greater potential. For the first time, Michigan has a voice that speaks
articulately for the nonprofit sector as a whole. The Forum is still learning how to use this
voice to widen the circle of awareness and support for the nonprofit sector. The press seems
generally not interested in featuring the nonprofit sector as news. This is an impediment to
more direct public education about the sector that we have identified and begun to address

�through a strong series of sessions at the Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminars and through a
planned series of conversations with media leaders in anticipation of Grantmakers/Grantseekers
V.

Question 5. To what extent is the Forum sustainable in its present form or in a revised
configuration?
When I asked the final question about how or whether the Forum can be sustained, I
learned that leaders in the nonprofit sector can be at the same time optimistic and have
furrowed brows. Virtually everyone said that the Forum can be sustained. No one said that it
would be easy. And there was clear concensus that the coming year is a make or break time for
lining up a basket of core financial support. As mentioned earlier, you are of two minds about
expanding Forum membership to the 400 level that seems possible in Michigan. But even the
most enthusiastic promoters of expansion do not think that the Forum can become a duessupported organization. One way or another, the core support for the Forum staff, office and so
forth is seen as coming from one or a small number of foundation grants. Expanding the
membership rolls is seen as important in persuading prospective funders of the wide scope of
support that the Forum can provide in Michigan. A variation on the model of seeking multiple
sources for core support is to pursue sponsors of particular Forum activities, like future
Summits, the Forum publication and dissemination program, and Internships. We have had
success in securing multi-source support for the Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminars and are
pursuing corporate support as well.
Several respondents revisited the themes of focus and practical service to local actors in
the nonprofit sector when we discussed sustainability. To persuade ourselves, future members,
and prospective financial backers of the long term worth of the Forum they urged concentration
on two or three manifestly practical and locally beneficial projects. Examples of Forum
activities already in the works that speak to this priority include a Resource Guide to technical
and managements support and training for nonprofit managers being assembled for fall
publication. The Calendar of Training Activities published in the first Newsletter received
considerable favorable attention from local nonprofits. And we are also compiling a diredtory of
current and emerging higher education programs for nonprofit managers and contributing to a
national effort to assemble a battery of easy to use evaluation instruments for nonprofits.
Another issue that arose in discussions of sustainability was regionalism. Lansing has
been the geographic center of Forum activity, although we have active members as far west as
Grand Haven and east to Flint and Detroit. Face to face dialogue is at the heart of Forum activity,
yet it demands a great deal of busy people to spend much of a day on the road to attend a two-hour
meeting. And this pattern makes it difficult for members and affiliates away from Lansing to feel
the fullest sense of ownership and participation. Out of these discussions came ideas and
encouragement for sponsoring regional conversations throughout the state. The present Forum
could serve as a catalyst and a model for locally organized and sustained networks of mutual
support, perhaps growing from community meetings for developing strategies to encourage
volunteerism and regional meetings to view and respond to issues raised in the videos of the
first Summit.

3

�Conclusions
In conclusion, you have convinced me that the Michigan Nonprofit Forum is real, is a
good idea in principle, and is an idea whose time has come. To date, you have told me. the
promise of the Forum is still greater than its accomplishments. At the same time, our
accomplishments are impressive, constructive, and consistent with our Guiding Principles. The
highest form of compliment I heard was from Len Young. As he prepared to move to Kansas City,
he told me that he intended to help create a Missouri Nonprofit Forum modelled after our own.
Even the intitals will be the same.
The Forum, fundamentally, is about relationships: Internal relationships among people
representing very different kinds of nonprofit organizations in Michigan, and External
relationships between the nonprofit sector and government, business, and the public. The word
"forum" implies common ground—a democratic place where common interests can be explored
and pursued; where each has a voice; a cooperative rather than a competitive space in which
encouragement, information exchange, and collaborative connections are the order of the day.
Forum founders and members believe that the work of their individual organizations is vital to a
free and compassionate society. And they also feel a broader sense of responsibility to nurture
the nonprofit sector as a whole; to make incidental connections stronger and to extend the
network farther; to help the members feel part of a like-minded, highly principled community;
to learn from the hard won experiences of others; and on occasion to speak and act with one
strong voice on matters of common interest. In short, the aspirations for the Forum have to do
with identity, mutual support, and common ground.
In evaluating this first phase of the MNF we can ask whether the nonprofit sector in
Michigan has a stronger, clearer identity today than two years ago. I think it has. We can be
proud of instances of mutual support among members attributable to the Forum. And we can ask
whether the Forum, through its varied activities, has helped to define common ground where
mutual interests meet. This has begun to happen and, by your testimony, ought to be pursued
even more urgently.
The Executive Committee and the Board of Trustees have a set of vital decisions to
confront: about membership, focus, financial support, and boundaries. The Forum is growing
out of adolescence, and each of you has different ideas about what kind of adult it shall become. I
hope my story helps to frame your conversation in a constructive light. I am eager to read your
next chapter.

�</text>
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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

DRAFT AGENDA**- Annual Meeting of the Trustees
Monday, October 12 - 9:30 - 4:00
[location ~ include hotel room &amp; Lansing]
TIME
9:30

1. Welcome and Call to Order — Chairman R. Mawby
2. Re view of the Minutes
3. Reports of the Chairman and Executive Director « R. Mawby and M. Lewis
4. Report of the Finance Committee — R. Ivory
5. Report of the Audit Committee — G. Stevens
6. Report of Membership and Nominating Committee — D. Johnson
7. Election of Officers and New Members of the Governing Board
8. Report of the Grantmakers/Grantseekers Committee ~ H. Philpott

9. LUNCHEON PRESENTATION: Report on the Campaign for
12:00
Volunteerism — Sharon Radtke, President of the Volunteer Centers of MI,
and Pam Warwick, Consultant with the Points of Light Foundation
12. Report of the Outside Evaluator - Christopher Clark, MI State University

1:00

13. Report of the Joint Program and Public Policy Committees ~ E. Blews and
H. Yamanishi
14. Report of the Tax Credit Subcommittee and presentation of the study
and draft recommendations ~ D. Johnson and R. Ivory
15. Small Groups: How should we prepare for the May 1993 Board discussion
of MNFs future? What do we need to know by then to make informed
plans and decisions? How should we proceed?
16. Discussion and next steps
17. ADJOURNMENT

4:00
ref:exe20923.agn,com\exec,0100

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34 KELLOGG CENTER
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Phone: 5171353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
All

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September 8, 1992
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EXEcrn71'E DIRECTOR

Mrs. Janet Blanchard, Co-Chair
Mrs. Michelle Engler, Co-Chair
Mr. Frank Popoff: Co-Chair
Gov. George Romney, Honorary Chair

loml: Maryellen J. Lewis, Executive Director
Subject: Repon on the Campaign

I am pleased to report that the Campaign for Volunteerism's Year of
the Volunteer has t,een embrace.; by organizations and communities all over
Michigan. Because of your visible leadership, new opportunities and
resources have emerged. along with a new awareness and commitment
across the state.
Statewide Initiatives: Many statewide organizations have integrated
the campaign into their agendas for this year. For example, both the
Presidents Council of State Universities of Michigan and the Michigan
Association of School Boards have adopted resolutions supporting
institutional involvement in local volunteer initiatives, and they are working
with Campaign partners to put those resolutions into action. The Michigan
Chapters of the National Society ofFund Raising Executives will match
professional fundraisers in mentorship relationships with local volunteer
centers. The Michigan Community Action Agency Association bas
successfully urged local CAAs to take leadership roles in this movement
which affects them directly.
Local Initiatives: Many communities have initiated the creation of
local volunteer centers and a strong, visible leadership coalition of influential
CEOs and civic leaders. Over the next three months, Governor Romney will
address leadership coalitions in five communities, and others are under
development (as listed below).
First Direct Funding for the Campaign: The Volunteer Centers of
Michigan has been funded for two major components of this Campaign.
First, they have hired a manager to operate the Campaign's (800) number

�and to serve u a central communication person for the Campaign: Ms. Angela Bailey, bowed
at the Lansing V AC, (517)887-8004. Second, they will provide technical assistance for starting
new volunteer cemers (contact penon: Aaron Cantrell, Kalamazoo VAC, (616)382-8350).

And now that the W.K. Kellogg Foundation has committed $150,000 for start-up grams
for new voluoteer cemers, the campaign will undoubtedly gain even more momentum M you
know, a grants review committee has been formed to advise the WKKF, and information is
being made available to interested communities.

Examples ofPromss since Campaim Kickoff in April: Following is more detail on a
few of the initiatives that resulted directly from the Campaign for Volumeerism:

I •

(1) School Boards: In response to your call to action, the Michigan Association of
School Boards (MASB) adopted a resolution to support the concept of community service
through the schools, and has acted to enlist its members in the campaign. MASB and the
Michigan Association of School Administrators have joined with other members of the
Michigan Nonprofit Forum to suppon local volunteer centers and work collaboratively with the
Volunteer Centers of Michigan and voluntary agencies. MASB has solicited information from
every school district, in order to highlight current volunteer programs and stimulate others. In
the next few weeks, we will host a meeting for MASB to explortt a statewide st..cltegy to
showcase and augment K-12 school volunteer initiatives, with the goal to encourage
panicipation by every school
(2) Public Universities: Also in response to your call, the Presidents Council of State
Universities of Michigan adopted a resolution in suppon of this campaign. Most campuses
already sponsor a student volunteer bureau. In addition, the presidents resolved that students,
faculty and staff be encouraged to "become personally involved in improving the lives and wellbeing of their fellow citizens and their respective communities. 11 The Executive Director of the
Presidents Council, Dr. Glenn Stevens, wrote that "in the coming year there will be intensified
efforts to strengthen both institutional and individual commitments to volunteer service."
(3) Community Action Agencies: Because they depend heavily on volunteers for
services to Michigan's neediest populations, the community action agencies were early partners
in the Campaign for Volunteerism. Through their state association, they have shared
information and taken steps to suppon the creation of volunteer centers. In Jackson, for
example, they were an early and strong partner in the creation on an emerging volunteer center.
In Hillsdale, Lawrence, Pan Huron and Sault Ste. Marie, they are taking the lead.
(4) United Ways: United Ways are key panners for promoting volunteering, and local
United Ways often take the lead in this campaign. The United Way ofMichigan was a founding
member of the Campaign, through the Michigan Nonprofit Forum and has promoted the
Campaign as part of its assistance to local United Ways. Currently, the United Way is the lead
agency to create new volunteer centers and leadership coalitions in Alma, Big Rapids, Howell,
Jackson. Monroe (possibly linked with Southgate), and Mt. Pleasant.

2

�(5) Micbipn Association of volunteer Admjnistmon (MAYA&gt;: MAVA bu been
especially active in the campaign. Their last statewide newsletter wu devoted almost entirely to
a Campaign update, and MAVA members have taken the lead in many cormmanities. Members
from the Michigan Depanmcnt of Social Services (DSS) have been especially active, due to the
leadership ofMAVA's founding member, Barbara Bradford, who oversees the local DSS
volunteer offices in every county. Currently, the DSS county volunteer coordinator is taking
the lead to develop a volunteer center and local leadership coalition in Cheboygan, Roscommon
County, and HougbtoniHancock (along with the local American Red Cross chapter).
(6) Cbambm of Commerce: ~a member of the Campaign Comm~ the Michigan
State Chamber of Commerce bu been involved in the campaign since its inception. Two iuua
of their magazine have showcased the Campaign, and local chamber executives have been in
contact with this office on a regular basis. While often a partner to agency-driven initiatives (u
in Alma and Traverse City), the chamber has take the lead role to create a VAC in Cadillac.
(1) Religious Institutions: The Michigan Ecumenical Forum has distributed information
about the campaign to the leadership of every major denomination, and has assisted in
disseminating your call to action to every Michigan community. Over the next few months, they
will assist in mobilizing local religious leaden for the leadership coalitions to support
v~ lunteering.
•

(8) Professional Fundraisers: ~ their conttibution to the campaign, the Michigan
Chapten of the National Society ofFundraising Executives have offered to connect a
professional fundraiser to every existing and emerging volunteer center, to provide pro bono
assistance in devdoping a plan for stable funding. Several chapten have also collaborated to
create the ~rge W. Romney Award for Volunteerism, which will be presented for the first
time this November in Detroit. This will become part of a statewide event every fall on National
Philanthropy Day.
(9) Southeastern Michigan's Year of the Volunteer: A3 you know, the United
Community Services in Detroit has successfully created a leadership coalition to launch a Year
of the Volunteer/Southeastem Michigan in January. The coalition has been carefully crafted to
include credible, visible leadership from throughout the region and all sectors (business, labor,
government and voluntary agencies). There can be little doubt that this initiative will receive
national recognition.

•••••••••••••••••
The Campaign for Volunteerism has taken on a life of its own. Your leadership, and the
18-month-long efforts of members of the Michigan Nonprofit Forum and the Campaign
Coordinating Committee have truly borne fruit.
I hope you are as encouraged by this repon as I was in preparing it. I feel privileged to
be involved in such an important and transformational initiative.
rcOnvcl082.S.tpt,Jq'ampV01,6300

3

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

Agenda of the
MNF Executive Committee
Wednesday, September 23 - 9:30 to 1:00

1. Welcome and Call to Order — Chairman R. Mawby

TIME
9:30

2. Review of the Minutes
3. Report of the Chairman--R. Mawby
4. Report of the Executive Director ~ M. Lewis
5. Report of the Finance Committee — R. Ivory
6. Report of Membership/Nominating Committee — D. Johnson
7. Report of the Grantmakers/Grantseekers Committee ~ H. Philpott
- 8. Report of the Joint Program and Public Policy Committees — E. Blews and
H. Yamanishi
• 9. Report of the Tax Credit Subcommittee -- D. Johnson and R. Ivory
10. Report on the Campaign for Volunteerism — G. Romney and M. Lewis
•11. Review of the DRAFT Agenda for the October 12 Meeting of the Trustees
12. EXECUTIVE SESSION
13. Adjourn to Lunch

11:45

14. ADJOURNMENT

1:00

ref:exe20923.agn,com\exec,0100

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                    <text>Date:

April 9, 1992

Memo to:

From:

Re:

Michigan Nonprofit Forum
Ezecutive Committee

Robert E. Ivory
Dorothy A. Johnson
Co-chairs, Michigan Nonprofit Forum, Task Force on
Tax Incentives, Sub-Committee of MNF Puplic Policy Committee
Michigan Tax Incentive Task Force

Background
The Michigan Nonprofit Forum (MNF) has established a Task Force to look at
tax incentives for nonprofits. The Task Force will prepare a study on tax
incentives which may be useful to the Michigan Department of Treasury, who
is required to submit to the legislature such a study by June 30, 1993.
The required study is part of Public Acts 170 and 171 of 1991, the final
products of Senate Bills 299 and 300, which renewed tax credits for
community foundations, and established tax credits for homeless shelters
and food banks. During the hearing on both bills, the United Way of
Michigan and the Council of Michigan Foundations proposed that a study on
tax incentives for all nonprofits would be advantageous. The legislation
does not call for the Department of Treasury to do the study, only to
submit a study.
During conversations with State Treasurer, Doug Roberts and Deputy
Treasurer, Gary Wolfram, it was discovered that the Departmen~ of Treasury
believes that this study should be conducted by an organization other than
the Department of Treasury. Obviously, the study would be submitted to the
Department for their review, editing and submittal to the legislature. Of
course, this would assume that the Department agreed with the results of
the study and the resulting policy recommendations.
In a meeting with Russell G. Mawby, Chairman, Michigan Nonprofit Forum,
February 14, 1992, and later consultations with MNF Ezecutive Committee
Members, it was determined that it would be appropriate for MNF to sponsor
the study.
After discussion with Edward 0. Blews, MNF Public Policy
Committee Chairman, Robert E. Ivory and Dorothy A. Johnson were appointed
as Co-chairs. Committee membership is yet to be determined, but ideally
will include representatives of the arts, education, health and human
services and grantmaking arenas. Suggestions will be discussed with the
Executive Committee at the April 15, 1992 meeting.

�Work/Study
During the February meeting, it was agreed that the following work plan
should be considered for the 1992 calendar:
l. Meetings with the Michigan Nonprofit Forum (MNF) committee to
discuss scope of study, participants and data collection process.
2. Meeting with Michigan Department of Treasury to discuss above .
3. Finalize scope of study, data collection and participants.
4. Collection of data, review of data and analysis of data.
5 . MNF committee meets to discuss public policy maker education
program.
6 . Identify key legislators and executive departments' personnel to
educate on importance of taz incentives for community charities and
to keep "posted'' on preliminary data collection analysis.
7. MNF committee meets to design media strategy for 1992 .
8. Implement media strategy to keep key opinion leaders in media
briefed on the necessity for taz incentives and the progress of
data collection and analysis.
It is important the MNF Board Members feel ownership of the above
process. Forum Members will have input into the planning of all of the
above elements and will have constant participation.
It is proposed that MNF engage Public Affairs Associates (PAA),
represente~ by David Haynes, to administer the above program.
PAA would
provide the MNF TAsk Force with drafts to review for each of the
steps/elements approved by the Task Force.
1992 is the year for data collection, and 1993 would be the year for final
analysis of that data collection and preparation of an analytical study
and recommendations to be submitted to the Department of Treasury.
Cost/Support
Year one of the study will cost $60,000. It is anticipated that each
organization will contribute the time and out-of-pocket expenses for
committee participation. The cost for year two cannot be estimated until
the findings of the research are determined.
The United Way of Michigan has volunteered to serve as fiscal agent for
the project. The W.K. Kellogg Foundation, United Way of Michigan and
Council of Michigan Foundations have indicated they will provide financial
support.

�Ideally modest financial support will be received from other educational,
arts, health and human service agencies. Everyone recognizes this time of
budget restraint, as well as the other needs of the MNF.
Next Steps
Executive Committee approval of retaining Public Affairs Associates
Add Task Force Members
Solicit financial support
Presentation to MNF Board Meeting April 23, 1992
Commence study

DAJ/pab:830H

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                    <text>Table of Contents
Agenda

List of Participants

Minutes of the April 15, 1992 Meeting

IRS Advance Ruling, confirming MNF's
501(c)(3) status effective November 15, 1990

Finance Committee
-Annual Income/Expense Statement 1991-92
-Proposed 1992-93 Budget (revised)
-MNF Personnel Guide (revised)

Membership Committee
-List of Current Members
-Timetable for Membership Campaign

Grantmakers/Grantseekers Committee
-Summary of Attendance GGIV
-Summary of 6/30/92 Meeting of Co-Chain

Joint Program &amp; Public Policv Committees

Minutes of all MNF Committee Meetings
since the 4/23/92 Board Meeting

Roster of All Committee Members and
Schedule of Meetings

SYSTEM

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

Two-Year Planning Calendar
(Many meetings are currently being scheduled — A more complete list will follow)
1992
JULY

1 -- 9:00 to 12:00
14-9:30 to 2:00
22 -- 9:00 to 11:00
22 -- 3:00 to 5:00

Finance Committee
Executive Committee
Tax Credit Task Force
Membership Committee

(Bob Ivory's Office)
(KC: Red Cedar B)
(Library of MI)

AUGUST

3, 4, 10 or 11 - Janne Gallagher meets with White Paper Workgroup
?? ~ Summit Workgroup meets
26 - 10:00 to 1:00 GG5 Program Committee
(Hyatt, Dearborn)

SEPT

23 -- 9:30 to 12:00 Executive Committee
(KC: Galaxy Room)
14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 -- Summit Workgroup
?? — Membership/Nominating Committee
?? — Begin Series of Briefings leading to Summit II in Feb/March
?? — Begin Series of Local Leadership Councils/Meetings, Campaign for Voluntarism
?? - Audit Committee

OCT

2 -- 9:00 to 12:00
6 - 10:00 to 1:00
9--9:00 to 1:00
12 - 9:00 to 4:00
?? -- Continue Local

NOV

?? -- Membership Committee (for fall campaign)
?? — White Paper and Summit Workgroups
?? -- Continue Local Volunteerism Councils and Pre-Summit briefings
?? — Pre-planning for Give 5 Campaign

DEC

8 - 10:00 to 1:00
GG5 Program Committee
(KC Red Cedar B)
9 — Janne Gallagher visits to consult on the White Paper
10 &amp; 11 ~ First MI Research Conf. on NP Sector, Detroit
14 ~ 9:00 to 1:00 Prog/Pub Policy Committees
(KC: Big Ten C)
?? — Year of the Volunteer Committee

Finance Committee
(Bob Ivory's Office)
GG5 Program Committee
Location To Be Advised
Prog/Pub Policy Committee
(KC: Centennial ABC)
Annual Meeting of the Trustees
(Holiday Inn South)
Volunteerism Councils and Pre-Summit briefings

�1993
JAN

FEB

14 or 15 — Finance Committee
25, 26 or 27 — Executive Committee
?? — Legislative Briefing on Summit I and White Paper
?? ~ Continue Local Voluntarism Councils
?? - Membership Committee (for spring campaign related to GGV and Summit)
?? - Year of the Volunteer/Give 5 Campaign Committees
23 to 3/2 - possible Summit II dates

MAR

1 or 2, ~ possible Summit II dates
?? - Hearings on White Paper

APR

?? - Program and Public Policy Committee
15 or 16— Finance Committee
27, 28 or 29 - Executive Committee
?? - Year of the Volunteer/Give 5 Committees

MAY

13 — Annual Meeting of the Trustees, Dearborn
14 - Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar V, Dearborn

JUNE

?? — White Paper Workgroup (implementation plan)
?? ~ Summit Workgroup (plan fall series and spring Summit III)

JULY

15 or 16 ~ Finance Committee
26, 27, 28, 29 or 30 -- Executive Committee
?? - Give 5 Committee

AUG

?? — Debriefing, Grantmakers/Grantseekers V Co-Chairs
?? — Membership Committee (for fall campaign)
?? -- Audit Committee

SEPT

?? ~ Begin Series of Briefings leading to Summit III in Feb/March
?? - Membership/Nominating Committee
?? — Public Policy and Program Committees
?? - Grantmakers/Grantseekers VI Program Committee

OCT

14 or 15 - Finance Committee
27 or 28 — Executive Committee
?? - Give 5 Committee

NOV

9, 10 or 11 - Annual Meeting of the Trustees
?? ~ Grantmakers/Grantseekers VI Program Committee

DEC

?? -- Public Policy &amp; Program Committees
?? -- Give 5 Committee

�1994
JAN

?? ~ Finance Committee
?? - Executive Committee
?? - Grantmakers/Grantseekers Program Committee

FEB

?? - Membership Committee (for spring campaign related to GGVI and Summit)
?? - Give 5 Committee

MAR

?? - Summit III
?? — Grantmakers/Grantseekers Program Committee

APR

?? ~ Finance Committee
?? ~ Executive Committee

MAY

4 - Board of Trustees Meeting in Dearborn
5 — Grantmakers/Grantseekers Seminar VI, Dearborn

JUNE

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.
[NOT YET ADOPTED]

MINUTES
of the
Meeting of the MNF Public Policy and Program Committees
June 26, 1992--9:00 to 1:00
Kellogg Center, Centennial ABC, East Lansing, Michigan
MEMBERS PRESENT:
Edward Blews, Co-chair
Helen C. Philpott, Co-chair
N. Charles Anderson
Steven L. Johns-Boehme
Constance P. Julius
Justin P. King
Linda Patterson
Frances L. Ryan
Lawrence Wells

STAFF PRESENT:
Donna Clarke
Maryellen J. Lewis
GUEST:
Christopher Clark

1.

Call to Order: With the Co-chairs present, the meeting was called to order at
9:15 a.m., due to unavoidable delays of several members Those present introduced
themselves.

2.

Review of the Minutes: The minutes of the April 6, 1992 meeting were approved
unanimously as printed and circulated.

3.

Policy Updates: M. Lewis asked D. Clarke to update the committee on the Financial
Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) review of the proposed statement of financial
accounting standards for contributions received by charitable organizations. D. Clarke
reported that after holding public hearings during July of 1991, the Financial
Accounting Standards Board voted to postpone further review until spring of 1992.
FASB plans to issue an Exposure Draft on financial statement display in the third
quarter of 1992. A comment period will follow allowing organizations to issue written
comments on the revisions. FASB decided not to issue a final Statement on accounting
for contributions before exposing for comment the tentative conclusions reached on
financial statement display.
After discussion, the committee approved a motion to re-affirm and re-emphasize
MNF's position on the FASB proposals and at the appropriate time to contact FASB .

�The committee also recommended that the Executive Committee take a position urging
the major auditing firms in Michigan to contact FASB and to have MNF's member
organizations contact their own auditors in relation to this issue. MNF will continue to
monitor this issue and will distribute the revised standards when they become available.
E. Blews informed the committee that the House Ways and Means Committee recently
reported out H.R. 11 which would extend the exemption of appreciated property from
the alternative minimum tax (AMT) through December 31, 1993. The legislation
would also expand the exemption to include stocks, bonds, real estate and artwork.
The full House is expected to take action on H.R. 11 on July 1, 1992.
In light of the short window of opportunity for action, the committee unanimously
approved a motion to re-affirm MNF's prior support of extending this tax exclusion
and urging that the exclusion be made permanent. In addition, the committee urged the
Executive Director to fax a letter thanking Michigan's Representatives on the House
Ways and Means Committee for their support of H.R. 11, and to urge the remaining
members of Michigan's Congressional delegation to support the legislation as well.
MNF will also contact and encourage MNF trustees to take action on behalf of this
legislation, either personally or on behalf of their organizations.
M. Lewis asked D. Clarke to update the committee on the current nonprofit postal rate
appropriation. D. Clarke reported that the House Appropriations Committee recently
approved an appropriation that would provide only $200 million of the necessary $482
millions required for the "Revenue Foregone Appropriation" that provides for reduced
postal rate for nonprofit mailers. The full House is expected to approve the
appropriation at the $200 million level. If the Senate also maintains this level of
funding, nonprofits will see an across-the-board increase of nearly 35%.
After discussion, the committee unanimously agreed to re-affirm MNF's prior support
of full funding for the "Revenue Foregone Appropriation." Further, the committee
recommended that the Executive Director alert the Michigan Senators of this position at
the appropriate time and to urge them to contact their colleagues on the Senate
Appropriations &amp; Government Affairs Committees in support of full funding.
This information will also be included as part of a legislative update in MNF's
upcoming newsletter. MNF will continue to monitor this situation and will activate
members to contact House members at the appropriate time should the matter be
referred to a conference committee.
4.

Summit I Update: M. Lewis reported on the follow-up to MNF's first Summit. The
Summit Issue Paper will be available soon. The Summit discussion has been
transcribed and R. Mawby and E. Blews are working on finalizing the introduction and
the concluding remarks.
M. Lewis is working with Lawrence Technological University on the editing of the
videotapes. They are expecting a fall release with the length depending heavily on

�budget. Dissemination will begin once the tape is finished. M. Lewis will be talking
individually with trustees to identify networks for distribution.
At that time, arrangements will also be made for the luncheon for legislators at or near
the state capitol. The committee agreed that with the upcoming election it may be
more productive to hold the luncheon after the election.
5.

White Paper Update: M. Lewis reported on the development of the White Paper.
Janne Gallagher is currently drafting the first draft of the Independent Sector's White
Paper, which she expects to complete by mid-July and will send. She will also write
an issue/reflection piece for review by the MNF White Paper sub-committee in August.
The draft of the MNF White Paper should then be available for review by these
committees at their October meeting, for recommendation to the Board at the October
12 Annual Meeting and subsequent circulation, discussion and hearings.

6.

Introduction to the National Nonprofit Accountability Project: M. Lewis reported on
preliminary national meetings of several nonprofit leaders to take a proactive stance on
challenges to accountability of the sector. She also reported on preliminary
conversations with funds and resource people to develop a Michigan Accountability
Project, linked to the White Paper process and media and evaluation themes developed
over the last two years. She will keep the committee posted on progress.

7.

1992-93 Summits: After considerable discussion, members agreed to develop a
year-long process of issues discussions leading to a single full Summit (rather than two
summits annually, as originally planned). Primary concern focused on the stature and
importance of the event, which likely would be diluted by greater frequency. The
Summit Working Group will meet over the summer to flesh out details.

8.

Electing to Come Under the 1976 Lobby Law: M. Lewis recommended that MNF
elect to come under the 1976 lobby law. The IRS limits the amount of lobbying
501(c)(3) public charities may engage in. All 501(c)(3) organizations are subject to the
vague "insubstantial part" test unless they elect to come under the section 501(h)
"expenditure test".
The expenditure test sets specific dollar limits calculated as a percentage of an
organization's total budget for the year. The generous 1976 lobby law also defines the
activities which count against these limits. Sanctions regarding violation are also much
more lenient on those who elect.
Election is a simple process under the 1976 law. Once a nonprofit's governing body
decides to be governed by the expenditure test, an authorized officer or trustee signs the
one-page IRS Form 5768. Election is retroactive to the beginning of the tax year in
which it is filed. The nonprofit automatically continues under the provision of the 1976
law unless it chooses to revoke that election.
J. King and L. Wells noted that MASB and MLHS have respectively elected to come
under the law and would recommend that all 501(c)(3) organizations do the same.
After discussion, the committee unanimously approved a duly seconded motion to

�recommend to the executive committee that MNF elect to come under the 1976 lobby
law.
9.

Adjournment: The meeting adjourned at 12:15 p.m.
The committee was then joined at lunch by two resource persons from the
Michigan State Bar: Fred Doherty and Brian Kaser. Discussion focused on
property tax cases and recent rulings by the Michigan Attorney General
restricting charitable nonprofit* from engaging certain staff professionals (e.g.
doctors, lawyers, ministers and accountants) to provide direct services to their
constituencies.

ref:7/5/92,ppc20626.min,cm/publ,6400

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.

MINUTES
of the
Meeting of the MNF Public Policy and Program Committees
April 6, 1992--9:00 to 1:00
Kellogg Center, Big Ten Room B, East Lansing, Mchigan

MEMBERS PRESENT:
Edward Blews, Co-chair
Helen C. Philpott, Co-chair
N. Charles Anderson
Richard H. Austin
David G. Gad-Harf
Steven L. Johns-Boehme
Gerard Keidel
Lillian Mason
Sharon Parks
Linda Patterson
Maryann Pierce
Sherrie Ross
Frances L. Ryan
Shirley Stock

Kathleen Strauss
Herbert Yamanishi
STAFF PRESENT:
Donna Clarke
Maryellen J. Lewis
GUEST:
Christopher Clark
Forrest Lewis

1.

Call to Order: Co-chair Helen C. Philpott called the meeting to order at 9:20 a.m.
Those present introduced themselves.

2.

Summary of the 2/28 Summit: H. Philpott summarized the summit, noting Robert
Pay ton's excellent introductory remarks and background paper which set the tone for
the entire event. She also recognized the importance of Janne Gallagher's insights on
the nonprofit sector. H. Philpott, along with the entire committee, commended
Edward O. Blews, Jr. on his exemplary skills as a moderator and thanked the entire
panel, audience, and staff of MNF for their participation and contributions.
Committee members also shared their thoughts on the summit. All felt very
enthusiastic about this first in a continuing series of summits. Members felt the summit
set the groundwork for future summits to focus on developing a supportive viewpoint in
the legislature, identifying and prioritizing specific issues which currently face

�nonprofits, encouraging stronger corporate participation in the sector, and addressing
the issues of credibility and accountability among all three sectors.

3-

Summit Implications for MNF's Agenda: E. Blews led the discussion on summit
implications for MNF's agenda. E. Blews noted the summit produced three notable
outcomes. First, the summit opened the door for future dialogue among nonprofits,
government, and corporations. Second, the summit produced a valuable resource in
both the videotapes and written transcripts which can be used in a variety of ways by
diverse groups around the state. And finally, the summit serves as an information
source for the agenda and direction of MNF. E. Blews pointed out that today's
discussion will serve as the foundation for the committee presentation to the Executive
Committee on April 15, to be followed by recommendations to the full Board of
Trustees on April 23.
The committee then discussed specific agenda items MNF could look to in the future.
Members identified a tremendous need for definitional clarification of the unique
responsibilities of the nonprofit sector in contrast to the appropriate and reasonable
functions of government and business. This clarification should then be followed by
discussion of specific issues, such as health care, education and the arts. MNF
dialogues should also examine questions of financial resources and donor motivations
and frustrations.
Members also targeted issues of accountability and credibility among the three sectors,
possibly leading to the development of a code of ethics for nonprofits. At the same
time, committee members agreed, these efforts should strive to be supportive of
individuals who work in the nonprofit sector. M. Lewis noted the Independent Sector
has drafted a code of ethics for the nonprofit sector, which she will share with this
committee and the MNF board.
In closing this discussion, the committee noted the importance of educating not only
those involved in the three sectors, but also the youth of our society. We must plan for
the future now, taking steps to educate our youth in voluntarism and philanthropy.
Currently, the Michigan Association of School Boards is working to have every school
board in Michigan make a commitment to public service. On this positive note, the
committee ended this discussion and asked the co-chairs and staff to report on their
behalf to the executive committee.

4.

Plans for Fall Summit: The committee agreed the summit planning group should use
the previous discussion as a basis for planning the fall summit. This summit should
help define the roles of government and the nonprofit sector respectively. It should
clarify realistic expectations and move past assumptions. It should also work to
designate boundaries and mutual support, and to achieve a hopeful strategy for action.
Staff will work with the summit subgroup to convey these sentiments.

�Summit Planning Group:
Edward O. Blews, Jr.
Robert E. Ivory
Sr. Monica Kostielney
Linda B. Patterson
Helen C. Philpott
Herbert Yamanishi
Sharon Parks
5.

Specific Follow-Up to the 2/28 Summit: Summit follow-up will include distribution of
the videotapes, conversations with legislators, and regional/local roundtables. Staff
will work with the video editors to develop two tapes which differ in length. One short
tape (15-20 minutes) will be designed to serve as a tool groups can use for discussion
purposes. The second tape (1-2 hours) will be designed to serve as a resource,
especially for educational groups. The tapes will be accompanied by a discussion guide
and written summit excerpts, prefaced by remarks by Russell Mawby, Robert Pay ton,
and moderator Edward Blews.
The committee agreed that the short video will also be shown during a luncheon for
legislators at or near the state capitol. The luncheon will be held during the legislative
session to insure maximum attendance. The committee agreed this would be a valuable
experience for all and encouraged invitation of the executive office.
The committee also discussed the use of the videotapes in local and regional
roundtables. The tapes can be incorporated into existing programs or could be used as
a basis for a local summit (one-third business, one-third government and one-third
nonprofit leaders). Some discussion focused on Shirley Stock's suggestion of utilizing
the community college network to have teleconference viewing. Committee members
tabled this discussion until the edited tapes are available, so that actual uses can be
more clearly identified.

6.

Other Program and Policy Issues and Updates: M. Lewis updated the committee on
several issues as follows. In the near future Congress will again examine the nonprofit
postal rates. Even though most nonprofit rates remained intact last year, continued
action on this issue is required. MNF will keep its members updated, so they are able
to activate their members at the appropriate time.
Several national issues are still pending, such as eliminating the 3% floor imposed on
contributions by Congress last year. The budget Congress proposed would have made
the floor permanent, President Bush's budget veto has opened the way for more
negotiations on this issue. This is a priority issue for Independent Sector, and MNF
will continue to work with them. Further IS has declared the charitable deduction for
non-itemizers as a priority, as did MNF last year. Again, MNF will monitor this issue
closely and inform members of needed action and progress. E. Blews pointed out that
tax legislation is unlikely to pass the legislature before the election. However, he
noted, the election will bring about many new faces and provide an opportunity for the

_

�sector to educate and inform new legislative members at both the federal and state
level.
After holding public hearings during July of 1991, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board voted to postpone review of the proposed statement of financial accounting
standards for contributions received by charitable organizations. FASB will resume
deliberations later this spring, with a new exposure draft expected in September of
1992. A comment period will follow allowing organizations to issue written comments
on the revisions. MNF will continue to monitor this issue and will distribute the
revised standards when they become available.
E. Slews discussed the upcoming work of the public policy committee. The committee
will meet as a special working group after April, to design strategies and systems for
informing and mobilizing the sector on short notice. They will also continue to discuss
the accountability issue and how to address it effectively. The white paper work group
will also meet after April, aiming for a fall draft.
And finally, a task force has been appointed to study the issue of tax incentives.
Dorothy Johnson of CMF and Robert Ivory of UWM serve as co-chairs and are
working closely with the state. Since the state has no funds to conduct the mandated
study, D. Johnson and R. Ivory are seeking foundation funding and will contribute
assistance from their organizations.
M. Lewis requested that the program committee begin work on the 1993 statewide
Give 5 campaign to follow the Year of the Volunteer. She also requested the
committee take on the task (approved by the Executive Committee in December) of
working with the GGS Committee to more fully integrate the planning and theme of the
annual Grantmakers/Grantseekers conference with MNF's work/mission, and to
develop a clear GGS mission statement to serve as a working framework for future
GGS Program Committees. Committee Chair H. Philpott asked M. Lewis to develop a
plan in writing, to serve as the basis for the committee's work.
7.

Adjournment: The meeting adjourned at 12:00 p.m.

Forrest Lewis of Plante &amp; Moran spoke to the committee over lunch regarding
Michigan tax issues. A summary of his remarks is attached.

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                    <text>MICHIGAN NONPROFIT FORUM
34 KELLOGG CENTER
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48824-1022
Phone: 517/353-5038 Fax: 517/336-1327
An alliance to promote giving, volunteering and a strong, effective nonprofit sector in Michigan.
[NOT YET ADOPTED]

MINUTES
of the
Meeting of the MNF Public Policy and Program Committees
June 26, 1992--9:00 to 1:00
Kellogg Center, Centennial ABC, East Lansing, Michigan
MEMBERS PRESENT:
Edward Slews, Co-chair
Helen C. Philpott, Co-chair
N. Charles Anderson
Steven L. Johns-Boehme
Constance P. Julius
Justin P. King
Linda Patterson
Frances L. Ryan
Lawrence Wells

STAFF PRESENT:
Donna Clarke
Maryellen J. Lewis
GUEST:
Christopher Clark

1.

Call to Order: With the Co-chairs present, the meeting was called to order at
9:15 a.m., due to unavoidable delays of several members Those present introduced
themselves.

2.

Review of the Minutes: The minutes of the April 6, 1992 meeting were approved
unanimously as printed and circulated.

3.

Policy Updates: M. Lewis asked D. Clarke to update the committee on the Financial
Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) review of the proposed statement of financial
accounting standards for contributions received by charitable organizations. D. Clarke
reported that after holding public hearings during July of 1991, the Financial
Accounting Standards Board voted to postpone further review until spring of 1992.
FASB plans to issue an Exposure Draft on financial statement display in the third
quarter of 1992. A comment period will follow allowing organizations to issue written
comments on the revisions. FASB decided not to issue a final Statement on accounting
for contributions before exposing for comment the tentative conclusions reached on
financial statement display.
After discussion, the committee approved a motion to re-affirm and re-emphasize
MNF's position on the FASB proposals and at the appropriate time to contact FASB .

�The committee also recommended that the Executive Committee take a position urging
the major auditing firms in Michigan to contact FASB and to have MNF's member
organizations contact their own auditors in relation to this issue. MNF will continue to
monitor this issue and will distribute the revised standards when they become available.
E. Blews informed the committee that the House Ways and Means Committee recently
reported out H.R. 11 which would extend the exemption of appreciated property from
the alternative minimum tax (AMT) through December 31, 1993. The legislation
would also expand the exemption to include stocks, bonds, real estate and artwork.
The full House is expected to take action on H.R. 11 on July 1, 1992.
In light of the short window of opportunity for action, the committee unanimously
approved a motion to re-affirm MNF's prior support of extending this tax exclusion
and urging that the exclusion be made permanent. In addition, the committee urged the
Executive Director to fax a letter thanking Michigan's Representatives on the House
Ways and Means Committee for their support of H.R. 11, and to urge the remaining
members of Michigan's Congressional delegation to support the legislation as well.
MNF will also contact and encourage MNF trustees to take action on behalf of this
legislation, either personally or on behalf of their organizations.
M. Lewis asked D. Clarke to update the committee on the current nonprofit postal rate
appropriation. D. Clarke reported that the House Appropriations Committee recently
approved an appropriation that would provide only $200 million of the necessary $482
millions required for the "Revenue Foregone Appropriation" that provides for reduced
postal rate for nonprofit mailers. The full House is expected to approve the
appropriation at the $200 million level. If the Senate also maintains this level of
funding, nonprofits will see an across-the-board increase of nearly 35%.
After discussion, the committee unanimously agreed to re-affirm MNF's prior support
of full funding for the "Revenue Foregone Appropriation." Further, the committee
recommended that the Executive Director alert the Michigan Senators of this position at
the appropriate time and to urge them to contact their colleagues on the Senate
Appropriations &amp; Government Affairs Committees in support of full funding.
This information will also be included as part of a legislative update in MNF's
upcoming newsletter. MNF will continue to monitor this situation and will activate
members to contact House members at the appropriate time should the matter be
referred to a conference committee.
4.

Summit I Update: M. Lewis reported on the follow-up to MNF's first Summit. The
Summit Issue Paper will be available soon. The Summit discussion has been
transcribed and R. Mawby and E. Blews are working on finalizing the introduction and
the concluding remarks.
M. Lewis is working with Lawrence Technological University on the editing of the
videotapes. They are expecting a fall release with the length depending heavily on

�budget. Dissemination will begin once the tape is finished. M. Lewis will be talking
individually with trustees to identify networks for distribution.
At that time, arrangements will also be made for the luncheon for legislators at or near
the state capitol. The committee agreed that with the upcoming election it may be
more productive to hold the luncheon after the election.
5.

White Paper Update: M. Lewis reported on the development of the White Paper.
Janne Gallagher is currently drafting the first draft of the Independent Sector's White
Paper, which she expects to complete by mid-July and will send. She will also write
an issue/reflection piece for review by the MNF White Paper sub-committee in August.
The draft of the MNF White Paper should then be available for review by these
committees at their October meeting, for recommendation to the Board at the October
12 Annual Meeting and subsequent circulation, discussion and hearings.

6.

Introduction to the National Nonprofit Accountability Project: M. Lewis reported on
preliminary national meetings of several nonprofit leaders to take a proactive stance on
challenges to accountability of the sector. She also reported on preliminary
conversations with funds and resource people to develop a Michigan Accountability
Project, linked to the White Paper process and media and evaluation themes developed
over the last two years. She will keep the committee posted on progress.

7.

1992-93 Summits: After considerable discussion, members agreed to develop a
year-long process of issues discussions leading to a single full Summit (rather than two
summits annually, as originally planned). Primary concern focused on the stature and
importance of the event, which likely would be diluted by greater frequency. The
Summit Working Group will meet over the summer to flesh out details.

8.

Electing to Come Under the 1976 Lobby Law: M. Lewis recommended that MNF
elect to come under the 1976 lobby law. The IRS limits the amount of lobbying
501(c)(3) public charities may engage in. All 501(c)(3) organizations are subject to the
vague "insubstantial part" test unless they elect to come under the section 501(h)
"expenditure test".
The expenditure test sets specific dollar limits calculated as a percentage of an
organization's total budget for the year. The generous 1976 lobby law also defines the
activities which count against these limits. Sanctions regarding violation are also much
more lenient on those who elect.
Election is a simple process under the 1976 law. Once a nonprofit's governing body
decides to be governed by the expenditure test, an authorized officer or trustee signs the
one-page IRS Form 5768. Election is retroactive to the beginning of the tax year in
which it is filed. The nonprofit automatically continues under the provision of the 1976
law unless it chooses to revoke that election.
J. King and L. Wells noted that MASB and MLHS have respectively elected to come
under the law and would recommend that all 501(c)(3) organizations do the same.
After discussion, the committee unanimously approved a duly seconded motion to

�recommend to the executive committee that MNF elect to come under the 1976 lobby
law.
9.

Adjournment: The meeting adjourned at 12:15 p.m.
The committee was then joined at lunch by two resource persons from the
Michigan State Bar: Fred Doherty and Brian Kaser. Discussion focused on
property tax cases and recent rulings by the Michigan Attorney General
restricting charitable nonprofit*; from engaging certain staff professionals (e.g.
doctors, lawyers, ministers and accountants) to provide direct services to their
constituencies.

ref:7/5/92,ppc20626.min,cm/publ,6400

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