6 24 294 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3e3eb8b4a3e93ad3b9b56ab9523567d5.pdf b121873e8026470e4561a6e94b36d17c PDF Text Text TO : No t e sf o rRGMIS p r e s e n t a t i o n -on< , P h i l a n t h r o p i cL e ad e r sh ip a tt h eJun e14 , 1989 , m e e t ing o ft h eBu s in e s s Co~butions Comm i t t e e ,G r e a t e rD e t r o i t Cham~f Ru s sM awby FROM : C.~ mm e l re . J o e l O ro s z !U~\.. W . K . KELLOGG FOUNDAT ION M em o r a n d um Jun e 5 , 1989 S u b j e c t : D r a f tf o ryou r up com ing sp e e chon c o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p y CORPORATE PH ILANTHROPY : WHAT ITIS ,WHY IT 'SIMPORTANT , WHERE IT 'SGO ING I . Co rpo r a t eP h i l a n t h r o p y-Wh a t i ti s 1 . C o rpo r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yi son eo ft h em a in s t ay s o f Am e r i c an ~~ L i f e . In1987 , Am e r i c a ' sb u s i n e s s e sc o n t r i b u t e d$4 .5 billion----~ ~ t oAm e r i c a ' sn o n p r o f i ts e c t o r-h e l p i n gt os u p p o r t e d u c a t i o n ,h e a l t h c a r e , th ea r t s ,s o c i a ls e r v i c e sand e conom i c d ev e lopm en t . Y e ts u r p r i s i n g l yl i t t l ei sknownabQu ti t . _~ - ~--~i _ v V ~...L~~J- - ~ ~_q " ' / , ; : ? : r o A .-~, ~ . . . . . . . .' " . 6 J 2 . P a r to ft h i ss t em sf romth er e l u c t a n c eo fm any c o r p o r a t i o n s t op u b l i c i z et h e i rc h a r i t a b l ea c t i v i t i e s . Mo s t c o n t r i b u t e v e r yq u i e t l y " ,S om e do n o t ev enp u b l i s hann~l g i v i n g , . 9 -. ~ ~ ~'. -.A... s t a t i s t i c s . ~ ( ) 3 . Th e r ei smu ch t h a ti sa t t r a c t i v ei nanonymou sg i v i n g . Bu ti t h a si t sc o s t s . A coup l eo fy e a r s ago ,D av id F inn p o i n t e do u t i nt h eH a rv a rd Bu s in e s sR ev i ew t h a ttoom any c o r p o r a t i o n s f e a rt h a tt h e i rc h a r i t a b l ea c t i v i t i e sw i l lc au s ec o n t r o v e r s y o rc r i t i c i sm ,so th eyg iv eq u i e t l y. Th er e s u l t ,how ev e r ,i s t h a tc o r p o r a t i o n sand th ep eop l e who l e a dth em don o tg e t enough c r e d i tf o rt h es e r v i c e st h e yr e n d e rt os o c i e t y . .,i .~\~ ,, ~{ �2 4 . S om eo ft h i sr e t i c e n c em ay s t emf rom t h ed i s a g r e em e n t abou t t h ev e r yd e f i n i t i o no fp u b l i cs e r v i c ew i t h i nc o r p o r a t i o n s . I tshou ldb en os u r p r i s et h a tt h e r ea r ea w id ed i v e r s i t yo f o p i n i o n s . C o r p o r a t i o n s ,a f t e ra l l ,h av es t o c k h o l d e r s r e p r e s e n t i n ge v e r yp o l i t i c a land i d e o l o g i c a ls t r i p e . 5 . A t on ee x t r em e ,t h e r ea r et h o s ewho b e l i e v et h a ta c o r p o r a t i o n ' sp u b l i cs e r v i c es h o u l db el im i t e dt ot h e -- c r e a t i o no fw e a l t h . . - To th em ,c o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p y sp end s m o n e y t h a twou ld s e r v es o c i e t yb e t t e ri fi t w e r e i~~.tJl _ o o ation in st~ o rd i s t r i b u t e da s c .dLv Ld end at oi t s s h a r e h o l d e r s . 6 . T h eo t h e r ex t r em ei ssumm a r i z edi na B u s i n e s s Round t ab l e r e p o r tf rom1981 wh i ch con c lud ed t h a t" a l lb u s i n e s se n t i t i e s s h o u l dr e c o g n i z ep h i l a n t h r o p ya s •. •an o b l i g a t i o ni fth ey _ ~ _ "_ _ 4 _ _ . _ --- ------ - --- - ~ - . . - _ ._ _ a r e : to -b ec o n s i d e r e dr e s p o n s i b l ec o r p o r a t ec i t i z e n so ft h e n a t i o n a l and l o c a lcommun i t i e si nwh i ch t h e yo p e r a t e . " 7 . S oi sc o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yi n a p p r o p r i a t eo ran o b l i g a t i o n ? Iwou ld a rgu et h a ti ti sn e i t h e r-t h a ti ti sm e r e l y a sound _ --- b u s i n e s sp r a c t i c e . Af ew y e a r sa g o ,J am e s Bu rk e , Ch a i rm an o f _ . . John sonand John son ,s t u d i e dt h ep e r fo rm an c eo ft h o s e comp an i e st h a th ad e a r n e dan AdCoun c i l aw a rd . H ed i s c o v e r e d t h a tt h e yh ad ou tp e r fo rm ed t h em a rk e t by a f a c t o ro fn e a r l y �3 n i n et im e s . Bu rk e con c lud ed t h a t" t h o s ecomp an i e st h a t . o r g a n i z et h e i rb u s i n e s sa round t h eb r o a d con c ep to fp u b l i c -- ._ -_ . . ...... ..,_ . - --_ ._- ~ -~ ~ - ._ ~ . - - - ~ s e r v i c e ,ov e rt h elongrunp r o v i d es u p e r i o rp e r fo rm an c ef o r t h e i rs t o c k h o l d e r s . " 8 . Thu si t s e em st h a tc o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yi san e x p r e s s i o no f ab r o a d e rs e r v i c eo r i e n t a t i o no fs u c c e s s f u lcomp an i e s . Tho s e t h a tt endt os e r v et h e i rcu s tom e r sw e l la l s ot endt ob e g en e rou si nm e e t ing t h en e ed so fs o c i e t y . I ts e em st om e , t h e r e f o r e ,t h a tp h i l a n t h r o p yi nc o r p o r a t i o n si sn e i t h e r i n a p p r o p r i a t en o r an o b l i g a t i o n . I ti s ,i n s t e a d ,a n a t u r a l impu l s eo fs e r v i c e -m i n d e do r g a n i z a t i o n swho s e s u c c e s sp rov e s t h a tyou c an d ow e l l by do ing good . '-- -- I I .Why i t ' sim p o r t a n t 1 . T h eC o r p o r a t eC h a r i t a b l e ~A m~t J a n u a r y1 , 1936 . ~ion became effectiveon y e a r sl a t e r ,t h i ssou r c e a c c o u n t e df o ra b o u t '1v ep e r c e n to fa l lc h a r i t a b l ed o l l a r s don a t ed ( i n d i v i d 90 p e r c e n to ft h et o t a l ) . C o r p o r a t eg i v i n gi sabou tt h es am es i z ea sf o u n d a t i o ng i v i n g . " , / �4 2 . S i z ea l o n e ,w h i l e im p r e s s i v e ,do e sn o tt e l lt h ewho l e s t o r y . Ov e r t h ep a s t .f ewy e a r s ,a st h er o l eo ft h ef e d e r a l gov e rnm en ti ns u p p o r t i n gn o n p r o f i t sh a sr e t r a c t e d h er o l e tt o fc o r p o r a t i o n sh a sb e com ep r o p o r t i o n a t e l ymo r e im p o r t a n t . W i th t h a tr i s i n gimpo r t an c eh a s com ep r e s s u r e . G i f t s t h a t w e r e on c e" e x t r a s "a r enow e s s e n t i a l s . Mo r e o ft e n t c o r p o r a t i o n sa r eb i~ r a t h e rt o o i ~h .~ 1 / c a l l e d "onn o tt oi c et h ec ak etb u t a~ ! 3 . S i n c e y e a r . g rown a lm o s te v e r y how ev e r ,t h eg row th r a t eh a sf l a t t e n e d . W i th l u c k ,t h i sw i l lb e an eph em e r a lt r e n d . A sa s o c i e t y ,w e c anno ta f f o r dt oh av ec o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p y go ing s h r i n k i n g w h i l en e ed sc o n t i n u et oexp and . I I I . W h e r e i t ' sGo ing t h e l a n d s c a p e o fc o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yi n I ' ) ~~.--'- s e er i v ek ey i s s u e scom ing t ot h ef o r e . Th e s e a r en o te a s i l yc a t e g o r i z e d ,b u tt h ef i r s ttwocon c e rn i n t e r n a lc o r p o r a t ed e c i s i o n s ,w h i l e t h el a s tt h r e eh av et odo w i t he x t e r n a lc h a l l e n g e s . �. /; / \ 5 / / ' ) ! - -~ 1 .,,/ Commun i ty R e v i t a l i z a t i o n C o r p o r a t i o n sh av el e a r n e dt h a ti ti sd i f f i c u l tt ol u r egood emp loy e e s towo rk a tf a c i l i t i e sl o c a t e di nc i t i e si n d e c l i n e . Comp an i e s , t h e r e f o r e ,a r ei n c r e a s i n g l y a cknow l edg ing t h ew i sdom o fi n v e s t i n gi nt h e i rh o s t commun i t i e s by m e an s o ft h e i rc h a r i t a b l eg i v i n g . Su ch d o n a t i o n s-i na commun i ty ' si n f r a s t r u c t u r e ,i t ss o c i a l s e r v i c e s ,e s p e c i a l l yi ni t sa r t sand e d u c a t i o nsy s t em s o f t e nt u r no u tt ob e good i n v e s tm e n t sf o ra comp any . Am en i t i e s" th a ta t t r a c tand r e t a i nt h eb e s tp e o p l ea r e ,i n f a c t ,t h emo s t c r u c i a li n v e s tm e n t si na b u s i n e s sc l im a t ei n wh i ch t h emo s t p r e c i o u sa s s e ta comp any p o s s e s s e si st h e q u a l i t yo fi t semp loy e e s . / , "V ."M a rk e t ing -D r iv en G iv ing C . / " Th i si sa n awkw a rd w ay o fs a y i n gt h a tan i n c r e a s i n gamoun to f c o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yi si n e x t r i c a b l yl i n k e dw i t ht h e . _ ----- comp any ' sm a r k e t i n g need s. Th i si sno tn e c e s s a r i l yb ad: \ " ' ' ' . . . : : . . : . : . . . : . . :..: : . . . : . : .- . . B . D a l t o n , f o ri n s t a n c e ,i son eo ft h ec o u n t r y ' sl a r g e s tbook c h a i n s . I ti sa l s oon eo ft h en a t i o n ' sl a r g e s ts u p p o r t e r so f l i t e r a c yp rog r am s . B .D a l t o n ' sm a r k e t i n gn e ed si n c l u d ea l i t e r a t ep u b l i c , sosu cha p rog r am c o u l db ec a l l e d s e l f s e r v i n g . Bu ti l l i t e r a c yi sa l s oon eo f Am e r i c a ' sg r e a t s o c i a lp rob l em s . To m e , t h i si sa good ex amp l eo ft h ew ay i n wh i ch b u s i n e s s e ss h o u l dt a r g e tt h e i rc h a r i t a b l eg i v i n g . In " �6 the memorable words from a 1978 Weyerhaeuser study of its charitable program, a company's public service should take place "at the crossroads where company and public interests intersect." The closer to the crossroads the better. Unrestricted grants given without forethought do little good. The best kind of philanthropy is that which is carefully planned. On the other hand, if an ad campaign or a marketing ploy is called "philanthropy" because some miniscule fraction of the resulting profit is donated, that is equally unacceptable. There is nothing wrong with self-interest, as long as it advances society in a significant way. ~\ 3. j Restructuring i This concern is being forced upon an ever-growing number of companies. As takeovers, mergers and leveraged buyouts amalgamate companies, corporate giving programs are being consolidated or eliminated altogether. This becomes an especially acute worry in leveraged buyouts, when the purchaser frequently takes on so much debt that they are too strapped for cash to continue giving, or in some foreign acquisitions, in which the purchaser may not have an appreciation for philanthropy. In any case, these episodes in the restructuring of American business have flattened the growth of corporate philanthropy and may even cause it to shrink in the future. �7 4. Foreign Corporate Philanthropy in America Giving to American charities by foreign-owned businesses in America was once insignificant. In the past few years, however, that has changed dramatically, with Japanese companies leading the trend. In 1988, Japanese companies gave nearly $20,000,000 in America, up 40 percent from 1987, and Natsuaki Fusano, managing director of the Keidanren (Japanese Federation of Business Organizations) expects it to rise at least by another 20 percent in 1989. As these companies become more generous, they may well also become more demanding of nonprofits. At the very least, this internationalization of corporate philanthropy will change the types of causes that corporate philanthropy has traditionally supported. 5. Global Competitiveness American corporations once regarded charity as a sort of noblesse oblige, an obligation to do the right thing for society. In the days after World War Two, when America boasted the world's only intact industrial economy, there was little reason to think of corporate philanthropy as anything more. Now, however, as European and Asian countries have stepped forth as formidable economic competitors to the U.S., �~_. '- --... / 0 1 . / /' 8 p h i l a n t h r o p yi ng e n e r a l , and c o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yi n p a r t i c u l a r ,h av er a p i d l ych ang ed f roman o b l i g a t i o n to s o c i e t yt oa s t r a t e g i ct o o ltoimp rov es o c i e t y ' s c om p e t i t i v e n e s s . Inm any a r e a s ,b u te s p e c i a l l yi ne d u c a t i o n and jobr e a d i n e s st r a i n i n g ,p h i l a n t h r o p yi sb e i n gc a l l e dupon t oimp rov eAm e r i c a ' s c om p e t i t i v ep o s i t i o nv i s a v i so t h e r '~----- ~_. ~ .ns... C o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yh a s av e s t e di n t e r e s ti nt h e e d u c a t i o nand jobs k i l l so ft h ew o r k f o r c e , and c e r t a i n l y t h e s etw oa r e a sr e p r e s e n ta c r o s s r o a d so f comp any and p u b l i c i n t e r e s t s .A t any r a t e ,g l o b a lc om p e t i t i o ni sl i k e l yt o i n t e n s i f y ,and t h ed em and s on p h i l a n t h r o p yw i l li n c r e a s e a c c o r d i n g l y. / ! ~ . .. , . / I 6 . Th e s ef i v ei s s u e sa r ea l lim p o r t a n t ,b u t on em ay o v e r a r c h ._ -. - th ema l l : e t h i c s . I np a s tf ewmon th s , w eh av es e e nt h e - c a r e e r s0f-~ tw ol on . -t~m e t h i c a lm i s c o n d u c t . l . d s pub ~ e r v a n t send und e r c1oud s 0f Qu e s t ion so fr i g h tandw rong a r en o t a c ad em i ce x e r c i s e si nt h e" r e a lw o r l d . " Th ey h av e c o n s e q u e n c e s , and t h ecomp any t h a tr e g a r d sth ema si r r e l e v a n t canno te s c a p e th em . Is u g g e s tt h r e ei d e a st h a tm ayb e h e l p f u lt oc l a r i f yp o t e n t i a le t h i c a ld i l emm a s . a ) F i r s t ,a l lc o r p o r a t i o n ss h o u l dp u b l i s han annu a l re p o r t d e t a i l i n gt h e i rg i v i n g . Th i s wou ld a l l ow f o rf u l l c r e d i tt ob er e c e i v e d ,and d e f u s ec r i t i c i smt h a t c o r p o r a t i o n sa r e toos e c r e t i v ea b o u tt h e i rg i v i n g . �9 b ) S e cond ,c o r p o r a t i o n s shou ldexp and t h e i rc o n c e p t i o no f wh a tg i v i n gi si nt h e i ri n t e r e s t . Fo r ex amp l e , som eo i l comp an i e sh av eb egun t ofunde n v i r o nm e n t a lg r o u p s . A sa r e s u l t ,tw os o c i e t a li n s t i t u t i o n st h a ton c er e g a r d e d e a c ho t h e ra se v i lh av ed i s c o v e r e d un exp e c t ed c omm o n g round and a b a s i sf o rf u r t h e rd i a l o g u e. . f r .L . fl -~ J...~ c ) A l lc o r p o r a t i o n s shou ldcomm i tt oh av ing a s t a f fl a r g e - enough toe f f i c i e n t l yh a n d l et h e i rg i v i n gp rog r am . Th e s t a f f so f mo s t comp any s 'g i v i n gp rog r am sa r es imp lytoo sm a l lt od ot h ejobi na t im e l yand "hum an "m ann e r. F i n a l l y ,w e mu s t r em emb e rt h a td e s p i t ei t sr e l a t i v eyou th ( t h ef i r s t m a t ch ing g r a n tp rog r am ,f o ri n s t a n c e ,w a s s t a r t e dby G en e r a lE l e c t r i c i n1 9 5 5 ) ,c o r p o r a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yh a sb e com ev e r y im p o r t a n tt os o c i e t y and t ot h ef r e ee n t e r p r i s esy s t em . G en e rou s comp an i e sh e l pb o t h s o c i e t yand t h em s e l v e s .. A sw eh av es e e n ,t h ecomp an i e st h a tdo a l s o t endt od ot h eb e s to nt h ebo t tom l i n e . Fo rt h el a s two rd on t h i s s u b j e c t ,w ea g a i nt u r nt oJ am e s Bu rk eo f John sonand John son . H es a i d : " Ih av eh a r b o r e dt h eb e l i e ft h a tt h emo s t s u c c e s s f u lc o r p o r a t i o n s i nt h i sc o u n t r y. . • w e r e d r i v e nby a s im p l emo r a l im p e r a t i v e s e r v i n gt h ep u b l i ci nt h eb r o a d e s tp o s s i b l es en s e. . . " �~I/ \ . 1 0 S e r v i c ei st h ek ey s ton e toe v e r y t h i n g . I fc o r p o r a t i o n ss e r v et h e i r c u s t om e r s ,t h e yw i l lp r o s p e r . I fc o r p o r a t i o n ss e r v et h e i rs o c i e t y th roughp h i l a n t h r o p y ,o u rc o u n t r yw i l lp r o s p e r-and r e t a i ni t sb a s i c f r e edom s . Th i si sa so l emnr e s p o n s i b i l i t y ,b u t on et h a tc o r p o r a t i o n s h av em e t b e f o r e ,a n d , I am c o n f i d e n t ,w i l lm e e t a g a i n . Th ank you f o r y o u rp a s tl e a d e r s h i p ,and God sp e ed t oyou i nyou r im p o r t a n tc h a r i t a b l e wo rk . J JO / rg2ZN . �t ~-- -- - --- - - - ----- -- - �-~ _ _ _ r r : - ~__ J ~_. ~_ ~ ~~ -~ - ~,\ _ _ t~ _ _ _ _C-~ o ~- -t- - -- - _ -- -- - ._------~. -~ _ ._ _ . _ - ~- ~ ~-~-- - - - - - - - ~ ' { ~- ---- --- - ----- ~-~-~-~'- - - -- - _ - . . -- --_ . - --- ---- -- - - - - - -- - -. -- - --- ---- . _ -- - - -- - ----_ . - - -- - _ ._ - -- - - - _ . -- -. . - '- -. - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1989-06-14_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the Business Contributions Committee Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given June 14, 1989 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the meeting of the Business Contributions Committee in Detroit. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-06-14 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8c0dba4a0727954681f62283089398c0.pdf 12f9c7d2da81122d367e3f0922306f6e PDF Text Text Remarks by Rus s ell G. Mawby Pr eside nt , W. K. Kel l ogg Foundati on at Pres entation Banquet ~ouncil 23rd National I ns titute of the i'or t he Advan cement of Small Coll eges Bradley Uni versity Peori a, I llinois June 14, 197 8 I On behalf of the Kel l ogg Foun da t i on--our Board of Trus tees , o f f i c er s , and st aff--I am del i ght e d t o re ceive t his Smal l Indep endent Coll ege s . A~T ard f or Outstandi ng Se rvi ce t o I t s si gni fi c anc e t o us i s e nhanced by the f ac t that, as a r e c i pi e nt of thi s hi gh hono r , we j oi n othe rs f or vh om ve have great r e s pc ct- - Dr . Ea r l Mc Grat h and Congresswomen Edith Green . ;!;ost i!'rport ent, it me an s mu ch t o us b ecaus e we have such admiration f or th e Counc i L for t.he Advan c eme nt of Sma l l Col l e ges and for your member institutions. As a grant - maki ng fo un dat i on , we f e el pr ivi leged t o be a ss ocia t ed wi th--a nd hopefillly have be en help f ul t o- - y our purpos e s . I am espec i a l l y p l e a s ed that Dr . Ge orge Ha ns on of our staff is bere f or thi s pre sent at i on . Ge or ge has be e n di rect l y responsible fo r our work with CASC and with s mal l independe nt coll e ~ es. As most of you kn ow, Dr. Hanson's career ha s b e en cl os e l y i dentifi ed wi th the small indepe nd ent co lle[;e , part i cular ly at Ol i v et Col l e ge i n Mich i can . We are perhap s t h e only found~ t io n with a pro fe s s i onal s taf f memb e r of thi s parti cular ba ckgr ound a nJ orient ation a nd h i s pe rsua sive and cre ati v e l eader ship has s haped our p rogrm~ on behalf of smal l i ndepende nt institutions of hi gh er educ a t i on . support �2 P e r s o n a l l y Iw e l com e a l s ot h i sopp o r t lm i t yo fp a r t i c i p a t i n g ,t h o u g h b r i e f l y ,i ny o u rN at i o n a lI n s t i t u t e . Ih av eh e a rd mu ch o ft h ev a l ue o f t h e s eIns t i t u t e s by the c o l l e ge t e am s whop a r t i c i pa t ee a c h ye a rand i t i sa p l ea s u r et os e n s et h ee n t h u s i 8 smand c o n v i c t i o nwh i ch c h a r a c t e r i z e s you r ac tiv iti e sh e r et h i sw e ek . It ' sa w e l com e oppo r t u n i t ya lso t om ee t o l df r i end s andt omak e newa cq u a i n tan ce s . AndsoI t h a nk you f o rth i s ev e n i ng o ffe l l ow s h i p , fo ra s t im u l a t i n g a f t e r n oon , and fo~ th is m u chapp re c i a tedaw a r dt ot h eK e l logg Founda t i o n . I I Wh en G a ry Q ue h lw r o tetha tt h eK e l l ogg Foun d a tion hadb e en se l ec ted t ore c e i v et h i s Aw a rd f o rOu t s tand ing S e rv i c etothe Sm a l lInd ep end 0n t C o l leg e s cnd i n v i tedu st ot h is b anqu 2 tp r e se n t at i o n ,I p ro ~p t l a c c e p t e d . a l l edand a d v isedm e t h a t ,fo rt h ebanque tt h i sye a . ct h e pr o g ram Th en G a ry c comm i t tee had d e ci d e dn o t toh ave a sp e ak er-a n dt h e r e fo r e' , ronde redif I wou ld say a fewvTo r d s. i W th ac l ea rv . nde rs t a ndi n go ft h a tl e v e lo f e x p e c t at i o n ,I ag r e ed t osh are a fewno tion s abou t sm a l lind ep end e n t c o l l e ge s t h e i rr o l etoday and t o mo r r ow . A sb a c k g round t opu tt h es et h ought si n t opr o pe rp r o spec t i v efo ryo u , you n e ed t oknowsom e t h i n g moreab ou t m e . I m asqu e r ad e th r ough l i f ef i r s t a s a uni v e r a i ty p r o f e s s o rand nowa f o u n d a t i o nex e cuti v e. I nre a l i t y ,I am rm e rl i v i n g on 4 0acr e sj u s ts o u t ho fH icko r y Co rne r s , SU bs is tence fa w i t. n o f f f a rmjobto m ak e en d s me e t; an oxd r i v e r ;a ho r seteam s te r ;a s c hoo lbo a r dm emb er; a fa th e r ; a husband ; a Ch ris t i a n ; a guy w ho c a r e s a b o u tm an y t h i n gs ,b u t esp e ci a lly a bou t peop l e . I amn o tag r a duat eo fa p r i v a t el i b e r a la rt sc o l l eg e ,t h ou ghI w i s hI w e re andI hav e unde r t ak en �3 s p e c i f i cs t 2ps t· )o v e r com et h a td e f i c i e n c y . Thu s ,I m ayb eo fa b a ckg round q u i t ed i f f e re n t fromy o u r sb u t I ama p p r e c i a t i v eand s u p p o r t i v eo fy o u r i n s t i t u t i o n sandthe i rm i s s i o n . You d e scr i b eyou ri n s t i t u t i o n sa s s~all i n d e p e n d e n t ,l i b e r a la r t s c o l l e g e s . I nappr o a ch ing ffiy a s s ignm e n tt h i se v e n i n g , Ip r o p o s et ol o o k a te a cho ft h o se s ign ifican t ch arac t e ris ticswh i ch i ncomb in a t i o nmak e y o u rc o l l e g es d i s t i n c t i v e . P o i n t 1- L ibe ra la r ts: T h e r e ' s no n eed f o rm e t od e f i n eo rj u s t i f y t oyou t h eim po r tance andap pro ~riate ne ss o fl i b e r a la r t se d u c a t i on t o d a y and f o rt h e fu t u re . Y ou mu s tb e o u t spokena d v o c a tes o fl i b e r a ledu ca t i o n y o u ,y o u r boa rd o ftrus tee s, yo u rf a c u l t y ,s t a f f ,s t u d e n t s ,pa r e n ts ,a l um n i . M any o fyou ri n s titu t i o n s hav ec a r e fu lly i n c o r p o r a t e da ca r e e rem ph as is, an o c cupa t i ona lor i en ta tion i n t ot h el i b e r a la r t sedu c a t i o n . T h i s se em s de s i r a b l e ,b u t do no tp e r ve r t you r m iss iono fl i b e r a t i n gt h em ind s o ft h e s t u d e n t sw i th w homyou a r ep r i v i l e g e dtod e a l . Th e ch a lleng e so fth e fu tu r ew i l l ce r t a i n l yr e q u i r et h ef i n e s ts c ience andt e c h n o l ogy fo r the i rres o l u t i o n ; even o u rb e s tm ay b ei n ad equ a t ef o rt h e comp l ex i s sues wh ich conf r o n t m an k ind . Bu t thec r i t i c a ld e c is i ons wh ich w i l l r e a l l ysh ap eo u rw o rld a t t h et u r no ft h i scen tu r yw i l l no tb eb asede s s entia l l y upon sup e r b sc ien t i f ic andte ch n o l og ica ld ev e lopm en ts ;r a t h e r ,t h eyw i l lb e v a l u e l a d en and va lu e-based . I tis at r agedy t h a tsom any ed u c a t o rs ,pe r h ap s e s p e c i a l l yi npU b l i cin s titu ti o n s, hav ea b d i c a t e dt h er e s p ons i b i l i t i e so f im p a r t i n g va lue s as a pa rt o ft h e i red u c a tio n a lm is s i o n . Ou r c o l l eague, G eo rge H ans o n , say st h i s mo r e e loquen tly t h a nc a nI . To quo t eh im ," I fw ea re t oa t t a in a g r e a t e r pub licunde r s t a n d i n go fan e d u c a t i o nwh i ch i n c l u d e st h el i b e r a la r t s ,t h es t u d e n t si nyo u r co l l e g e s �4 must know and feel what it is, and accept confrontations of values and their examination. In that regard, I would hope the values of each college are so well examined and publicly stated and so well exemplifi ed in ever y aspect of campus life, that in actual living, confrontations are rare. (As an old farm boy, I'd paraphrase that, 'practice what you preach! ,) Confrontations of opposing ideas, yes; confrontations of them never we hope. a~ainst us, Nowhere in the world is there more vital, more favorable environment for the growth a nd development of American youth than in the residential liberal arts colleges. as best they can. Even the public universities copy them It is up to you to perfect t ha t environment in terms of the students you attract and demonstrate to them the living importanc e of the liberal arts." Point 2 - Indene ndent: respond, to individualize. The freedon to experiment, to innovate, to With such independence and freedom go es res ponsi- bility, yes·--to all sorts of authority gr oup s : boards of trustees, fa culty, students, alumni, donors, affiliated churches, the communi ties of whi ch you are a part, the pUblic at large because of the special status accorded your institutions in tax and other matters. Educational institutions and systems in our country--perha ps hi gh er education in particular--are in trouble. Many of the difficulties and much of the public disenchantment is a consequence of education's self-created failures and short-comings, but despite faults and criticisms, education is still the way to a b etter life, both for the individual and for our to tal society. This is as true today as ever and will certainly be true in the years ahead. The next two decades, which lead us into the 21st c entury, �5 w i l lb ee x c i t i n gi f e d u c a t i o n a ll e a d e r sh av et h ev i s i o nand c o u r a g et od o t h o s et h i n g sw hi c h mu s tb e don e . A si n d epend en ti n s t i t u t i o n s ,f r e eo ft h es t i f l i n gc o n s t r a i n t so f b u r e a u c r a c y, you havep a r t i c u l a rp o t e n t i a lt op r o v i d el e a d e r s h i pi nt h e f u t u r ea s int h e pas t. P u b l i ci n s t i t u t i o n s, n I lf o l l ow ,w i l l em u l a t e ,w i l l b et h eb e n e f i c i a r ie so fy o u r ex amp le and c r e a t i v ee f f o r t s . P o i n t 3- Sm a ll: Sm a l li nc o n t r a s tt ol a r g e ,conv ey inga n o t i o no f p e r s o n a landin d i v i d u a lc o n c e r nf o re a ch s t u d e n t . I t ' sn o t au tom a tic, o f c o u r s e ,t h a tth es tuden ti nt h esn c a l lc o l l eg ew i l l re c e i v emo r e i n d i v i d u a l a t t e n t i o n, ha v ea m o re c a r i n gr e l at i o n s h i pw i t hf a c u l t yand f e l l ows t u d e n t s t h a ni nala rgein s titu tion . S m a l lm ay b es i mp ly p r o v i n c i a l , andi ti sa s p o s s i b l ef o ran ind iv idua lt ob el o n e l yi na sm a l lc rowda si na mob . I f you a r et ore f l e c ti neduca tion a c a r i n ga t t i t u d ef o re a ch i n d i v i d u a ls tU d e n t , you mu s tw o rk ha rd a ti t !C a r i n g mu s t b er e f l e c t e di nev e r :y a s p e c to ft h e i n s t i t u t i o n ' sl i f e l e t t e r syou s e nd an~ t h ew ay t h ephon ei sa n sw e r e d ;t h e r e c e p t i o n i s t ,s e c re ta ry ,r e c r u i t e r ,a d v i s e r ,a dm i s s i o n sd i r e c t o r ;t h ec o l l eg e c a t a l o gandt h edesc ri p tiveb r o c h u r e s ;t h ec l a s s r o om ,t h ed o rm i t o r y ,t h e l i b r a r y ,t h el o u n g e. Wh i l e m a ny o fyou c e r t a i n l ydo w e l li nd e v e l o p i n ga c a r i n gr e l a t i o n s h i p w i t hi n d i v i d u a ls t uden ts, m any do l e s sw e l l . A s you m ay h av es u s p e c t e d , I am aw a n d e r e r . .1 h av ev i s i t e dm any o fy o u rc ampu s e s ,u s u a l l yun no~m t oyou . B e c au s e I amadm i r e r and a d e v o t e eo ft h esm a l li n d ep end e n tc o l l e g e ,i td i s a p p o i n t sm e t ota l kw i t h on eo fy o u rg r a d u a t e s who o b s e r v e ss a d l y , "A f t e rf o u r y e a r sh e r e , It h i nk t h e r e ' so n l y on ep r o f e s s o rwho r e a l l y~ s m e. A t l e a s t t h e r e ' so n l yoneto" ,homI wou ld t u r nand i nw h om I wou ld h av ef u l lcOL l f id en c e . " And i tw a s d e p r e ss i n gt oh e a rt h es t o r yo fa n o t h e ryoung l a d ywho h ad wo rk ed o u t ac a r e f u lp r o g ramo fs t u d y , spen d i nc h e rj u n i o rye a raw ay f r o m. on eo fyou r �6 c ampu s e sa ta p u b l i cu n i v e r s i t yt ot a k ec e r t a i nc o u r s e st h e r ea sa p a r to f h e rt o t a lp rog r amo fs t u d yd e s i g n e dw i t hh e rf a c u l t ya d v i s e r . ' fh ensh e r e t u r n e dt ohe rc o l l eg ef o rh e rs e n i o rye a r ,s h ew a s a d v i s e dt h a ts h e c o u l d n ' tg r a d u a t ew i t hh e rc l a s sb e c a u s e sh ewou ld h av eo n l y 26 c r e d i t s i nh e rs e n i o rye a rw h i le t h ec o l l eg er eQ u i r e dt h el a s t30 c r e d i t si n r e s i d e n c e . Wh en t h i swa sf i n a l l yr e s o l v eda f t e ra s p e c i a lp l e at ot h e f a c u l t ycomm i t t ee ,s h ew a s t h e na d v i sedt h a tsh ec o u l dn o tb e cons i d e r ed f o rgr a dua tion w i t h ho n o r s . Th ei n s t i t u t i o nwou ld t r a n s f e rh e rc r e d i t s f romt h es t a t eu n i v e r s i t y ,b u tn o t he rg rad es. H e rgoa lh ad be ent og radu a te w i t h ho n o r s . I n c l u d i n gh e r t~ansfer c r e d i t s and g rades, sh ewou ld h av e g r a d u a t e dw i th h o n o r . ~it out t h et r an sfe rgr a d es, he rgr a de po i n ta v e r a g e f e l l.08s h o r to ft h e ho n o r sl e v e land ac c o r d i n g l ysh emi s sedh e rh a r d -soug h t g o a lo fb e i n g an hono r sg radua t eo fh er a lm a m a t e r . You can w e l lim a g i ne t h eagony andd is ap p o i n t me n t th is c a u s e dt oh e r and h e rf am i l yand o t h e r s who c a r ed . Pe r s o n a l ? I n d i v i d u a l i z eds tud yp r og r am s ? Ca r i n g ? C h r i s t i an ? Y es , b u to n l yi f s e n s i t i ve and c ari n ~ f a c u l t yanda dm i n i s t r a t o r sm ak e i ts o . I n sum , sm a l l i sbe a u t i f u lo n l yi f i ti ssyn omou sw i t h CARE ev e ry day i n e v e r yw ay . I I I A st ot h ef u t u r eo f sm a l li n d e penden tc o l l e g e s ,i t ' sa sb r ig h ta s you m ak e i t . You , i n d i v i d u a l l yand c o l l e c t i v e l y ,t h el e a d e r so ft h e s ei n s t i t u t i o n s t h e one swh ow i l ls e tth eto n e ,c h a r tt h e cour s e . Som eo b s e r v e r so fh i g h e r e duc ~t io n wou ld a r gu et h a ti n s t i t u t i o n sl i k e y o u r sa re doomed . Tha t ' snon s e ns e ! I m a r v e la tt h ed e d i ca t i o no ft h os ewho s t a r t edy o u ri n s t i t u t i o n s ,som e ac e n t u r yandmo r e ago . C e r t a i n l yt h e �7 difficulti es enc o un tered then, the relative sacrific e necessary to marshal the resourc e s to start a new institution of hi gher education wer e far greater t he n than now . Our affluent society can afford the opportunities which s mall independent college s r epr esent . Our society will support th em if your mis sion is clear, representing a distinctive and attractive alternative . The evidence is overwhelming that students--and those who pay the bi lls-want what your institutions have to offer if your c olle ges a r e trUly the best of what they can b e . It's simply a qu estion of what you do and how you do it . As a Foundation, we are not conce r ne d a t all with s mall inde pendent colle ges-- -r ather we are c onc erned, a s you should be, not with instituti onal preservation, but with the student s who e le c t to att end and who a re therefore the beneficiari e s o f the educat ion you provide a nd t he s er vice s you off er . As a part of t he pr i v ate se c t or in our soci ety commi t t ed t o private initiative f or the pUblic go od, we believe that 8ovc r nment , at Qll level s - loc al, stat e, fed eral--does not have a l l the a ns wer s . We believe in a continuati on of Ame r i ca ' s plurali sti c approach se r vi ng human ne eds, providing freedom in s electing among alt ernatives a vai l a ble to the individual . Your institutions r epre s ent a sup erb a l t e r nat i v e f or thousands of learners. We wish you well in your continuing efforts to do so. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1978-06-14_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the Council for the Advancement of Small Colleges Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given June 14, 1978 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the 23rd National Institute of the Council for the Advancement of Small Colleges. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society W. K. Kellogg Foundation Family foundations--Michigan Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-06-14 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/88658a058985bca4753180db12b1adcc.pdf f449da8cf4457c75a78a66d87b05a088 PDF Text Text PHILANTHROPY AND KIDS DELIVERED AT THE COUNCIL OF MICHIGAN FOUNDATIONS REGIONAL MEETING SPRING LAKE COUNTRY CLUB JUNE 13, 1991 by DR. RUSSELL G. MAWBY I am delighted celebrate to both a be here marvelous today in this beautiful institution--the Council setting of to Michigan Foundations--and a remarkable opportunity before all of us to help young people in our state. First, I want to talk about the Council of Michigan Foundations. You have already met the hard-working Board of the Council and that Board's hard-working leader, Judy Hooker, CMF's Chairperson. course everyone knows Dottie Johnson, the President of And of the Council and its roving ambassador as well. I am delighted also to see so many trustees from private foundations and from community foundations in the western Michigan area. your leadership wi thin your own foundations the strength of the community of that foundations I t is is one source of that makes up the council. Anyone who has only recently come into the Michigan foundation world would be as tonished, Michigan Foundations I think, really is. to learn how young It is hard the to believe Council that of less than 20 years ago, CMF did not exist. Now, with 275 foundations and corporate giving programs as members, representing every corner of this also, state, CMF has become a major influence in Michigan. is It I am happy to say, held up as an example of what a Regional Association national of Grantmakers, Council on or Foundations "RAG" for short, consistently should be. recommends The CMF as a model to other states attempting to either establish or to improve a Regional Association of Grantmakers. �Although dozens of people from across the state of Michigan have contributed to CMF's success, including a good number in this room, there is one person who has done more for that organization than any other. She That person is, of course, has built vision, and the Council integrity. with It was CMF's President Dottie Johnson. equal parts said of of Robert savvy, Kennedy tenacity, that while others looked at things as they are and asked "why?," he dreamed of things that never were and asked, that one step farther. She takes "why not?" Well, things could be and says, that Dottie takes "here's how." Lets turn now from a marvelous organization to a fantastic opportunity that lies before us, namely Philanthropy and Kids. all four-syllable words, Philanthropy seems something for grown-ups only. and kids don't. generally And don't. adults usually a r en ' to are at first Like glance to be After all, adults need tax deductions Adults involved have in money, community and kids affairs, usually and kids In short, it seems that adults are participants in philanthropy, while kids are beneficiaries of philanthropy. Superficial impressions exception. While aren't the tax are frequently deductions only reason to give. may wrong, promote and this is philanthropy, no they Adults may have more money, but kids have some money, and the gift of a quarter may be just as much philanthropy as a gift of a quarter of a million dollars. More kids than we realize are involved in community affairs; and there is no good reason why all kids should not be involved in the betterment of their own community. Generosity, you see, is a lot like singing. You can listen to others sing, you can read about others singing, but the only way to lea rn to sing is --to sing. And just like sing ing, you c a n l e arn to give at any time in your life, but in both case s , it is best to do 2 �it when you are young. The simple fact of the matter is that kids learn to be generous by practicing generosity. Since the best way to learn philanthropy is to practice itt we are extremely excited referring: will be The the l"lichigan officially probably know , will about this permanently Conununity launched is a endow con~unity foundations t conununity foundations opportunity in to Foundation 8 days $35 tOOO tOOO in which Youth which will also spur give the the been which Creek. challenge grant field-of-interest have Projec t, Battle youth and I As program you that funds in Michigan growth of existing impetus to establish conununity foundations for areas of our state which are now unserved. When you look at this tremendously ambitious project t it is easy to become excited development of about many things, conununity foundations development that will exciting is that young part of this be in all of catalyzed. people initiative. including But the the growth and the conununity-based thing will be essential In order to participate, I players find most in every each conununity foundation must have a youth conunittee t which must be made up of at least 50% young people. These efforts conunittees to meet conunittees will be the leaders the matches--therefore t will get hands-on in each co~nunity in the young people on experience in fund-raising the these for charitable causes. These conunittees will also advise the conununity foundation boards on how best to make funds--therefore grants youth from will the learn stewards of charitable resour ces . 3 income by generated experience to by the become new wise �Kids will meetings learn are other valuable run, how lessons: non-profits how enrich corrunittees all of our work, how lives--but perhaps most important, how to be a concerned and caring citizen in their own corrununity. Since the $35,000,000 grant announced a few weeks ago, to launch this initiative was first I have been asked by a number of people why the Kellogg Foundation chose to support this opportunity. After all, our charter is broad, and there are any number of good causes to which we could have made grants of this amoun t . My answer has been a fairly long and complex one, but it has to be, because the reason is deeply rooted in the heritage of the Kellogg Foundation, and ultimately in the personality of its founder, W. K. Kellogg. Giving youth challenges vision of Mr. years ago. and chances Kellogg when he to develop was very much started the Kellogg Foundation In f ac t, he originally gave it the name of the 61 the "Child Welfare Foundation." Mr. Kellogg quickly realized that the well-being of children is inextricably tied to the well-being of the community in which they live. Children cannot be educated without a good school system, nor will their health be robust without a good medical care system, and so on. So he very quickly changed the name of his foundation from the Child Welfare Foundation to gave this new organizat ion the W. K. the broad Kellogg Foundation, and mandate to assist in the process of applying knowledge to the problems of people. Mr. Kellogg surruned up this comprehensive mission in a sentence when he said, "I'll invest my money in people." Mr. Kellogg meant assisting the caring citizens who work, voluntarily, to make their community stronger. 4 single By this, usually �What Mr. Kellogg wanted was to help people become philanthropists, but not just people who make gifts of money. Mr. Kellogg wanted to make practicing philanthropists, people who not only give money, but who also talents. roll up their sleeves and give of their time and their These are the role models that he sought for young people, the people who were givers and doers rolled into one, those who made right by doing right. Since this is precisely what it attempts to do with young people, I think that Mr. Kellogg would be absolutely delighted by the Michigan Community Foundation Youth Project. A moment ago, I used the phrase "doing right." Mark Twain said, "Always rest." We do right. are This astonish the absolutely Michigan there are young people who will This reminds me that will gratify convinced some, that and allover indeed gratify some, astonish the rest, by practicing philanthropy. and In the process, they will learn to make right by doing right. These hands-on wisely will experiences teach young in raising people that money and distributing deficiencies and exist in our system, but that they can be corrected. it injustices It will teach them that people in their own back yard are hurting, but that those people can be helped. It will teach them that money is important, but that personal involvement is more powerful. And it will teach them that, in this nation, we need never settle for tolerating wrong if we are willing to give of ourselves to make things right. I thank you for this opportunity to speak to you today, and I ask you to join with me and with so many others across the state to give kids a chance to become philanthropists. Given this chance, they will become more than just check-writers, but also leaders who share their time and their talents to help others. I am completely confident that given the opportunity, our young people will rise to 5 �the occasion and make us all proud. And if that conviction is correct, society will be improved, not just today or next year, but for all the years to come. Thank you very much. 0379N 6 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1991-06-13_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Philanthropy and Kids Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given June 13, 1991 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Council of Michigan Foundations Regional Meeting at Spring Lake County Club. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Youth Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-06-13 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4e3545363dbfa16410b162fe5426d06f.pdf d4e9cf3c823f59e8dc11a30d361dc667 PDF Text Text "THE GREATEST OPPORTUNITY" COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS BY DR. RUSSELL G. MAWBY CHAIRMAN, W. K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY POMONA, CALIFORNIA JUNE 10, 1989 I IT IS INDEED A PLEASURE FOR RUTH AND ME TO BE WITH YOU AT CAL POLY POMONA FOR THIS FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY COMMENCEMENT CEREMONY. IN THE 25 YEARS THAT I HAVE BEEN WITH THE W. K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION, IT HAS BEEN MY PRIVILEGE TO VISIT THIS CAMPUS OFTEN AND TO KNOW YOUR THREE PRESIDENTS - JULIAN MCPHEE, A MAN OF UNUSUAL VISION AND VIGOR; ROBERT KRAMER, WHO GUIDED THIS INSTITUTION THROUGH TRANSITION TO INDEPENDENCE; AND NOW HUGH LA BOUNTY, WHO HAS LED THIS UNIVERSITY TO A POSITION OF EDUCATIONAL DISTINCTION AND INTERNATIONAL STATURE. IT HAS BEEN A JOY TO WITNESS THE GROWTH, CREATIVITY, AND RESPONSIVENESS WHICH HAVE COME TO CHARACTERIZE CAL POLY POMONA. I AM DELIGHTED TO JOIN YOU IN THIS ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION, A "CELEBRATION OF EXCELLENCE, COMMITMENT TO THE FUTURE." �-2TO YOU WHO ARE GRADUATING, I ADD MY CONGRATULATIONS TO THOSE ALREADY EXPRESSED. FOR EACH OF YOU, THIS IS AN OCCASION LONG AWAITED, ONE OF THOSE INSTANCES IN LIFE WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH A SENSE OF SATISFACTION IN PAST ACHIEVEMENTS AND A SPECIAL EXCITEMENT FOR THE FUTURE. I FEEL PRIVILEGED TO BE SHARING THIS DAY WITH YOU. I WOULD ADD A WORD OF CONGRATULATIONS, ALSO, TO ALL OF THOSE WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED IN A SIGNIFICANT WAY TO MAKING THIS DAY A REALITY. I THINK FIRST OF PARENTS AND FAMILIES, AND IN SOME INSTANCES HUSBANDS OR WIVES AND CHILDREN WHO SO OFTEN HAVE SACRIFICED AND SUBORDINATED THEIR PERSONAL INTERESTS TO YOURS IN MAKING IT POSSIBLE FOR YOU TO STUDY AT CAL POLY AND WHO ARE ENTITLED TO A SIMILAR SENSE OF PRIDEFUL SATISFACTION ON THIS OCCASION. AND I THINK, ALSO, OF ALL THE PEOPLE WHO ARE CAL POLY POMONA -- THOSE WHO HAVE GONE BEFORE, ESTABLISHING, BUILDING, AND SUSTAINING THIS INSTITUTION OVER HALF A CENTURY, AND THOSE WHO CURRENTLY CARRY FORWARD THIS WORK ... TRUSTEES, FACULTY, OFFICERS AND STAFF, ALUMNI AND FRIENDS. THIS INSTITUTION HAS A DISTINCTIVE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, A MARVELOUS HERITAGE, AND AN INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION. YOUR EFFORTS �-3- HAVE MADE THIS SO -- AND WILL CONTINUE TO DO SO IN THE FUTURE. TO ALL OF YOU, I EXPRESS CONGRATULATIONS AND COMPLIMENTS, FOR YOU, TOO, CAN TAKE PRIDE IN THIS HAPPY OCCASION. II I APPROACH MY ASSIGNMENT TODAY WITH THE SOBERING KNOWLEDGE THAT NOT ONE PERSON CAME HERE FOR THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF HEARING THE COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS. IF WE ARE QUITE HONEST WITH EACH OTHER, EACH OF YOU HAS A MUCH MORE PERSONAL -- AND MORE IMPORTANT -- REASON FOR BEING HERE. AND, IN APPRECIATION OF THAT FACT, I PROPOSE TO INTRUDE ONLY BRIEFLY UPON YOUR TIME. FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO, FROM FORCE OF HABIT, ARE TAKING NOTES, MY ENTIRE MESSAGE CAN BE SUMMARIZED IN TWO LETTERS: U AND R. "un FOR UNDERSTANDING; "R" FOR RESPONSIBILITY. �-4- W. K. KELLOGG, THE FOUNDER OF THE FOUNDATION WITH WHICH I AM ASSOCIATED AND THE DONOR OF THE RANCH WHICH BECAME THIS CAMPUS, WAS A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSMAN. WITH ONLY SIX YEARS OF FORMAL EDUCATION, HE STARTED WORK AS A BROOM SALESMAN AND THEN BECAME THE BUSINESS MANAGER OF A HOSPITAL IN BATTLE CREEK. AT AGE 46, HE QUIT HIS JOB AND LAUNCHED THE KELLOGG COMPANY, MANUFACTURING READY-TO-EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS. LATE IN HIS LIFE HE DEDICATED HIS WEALTH TO PUBLIC BENEFIT THROUGH THIS FOUNDATION. IN 1935, WHEN HE MADE THE IRREVOCABLE TRANSFER OF HIS FORTUNE TO THE FOUNDATION, HE WROTE A BRIEF LETTER IN WHICH HE CONCLUDED, "1 AM GLAD THAT THE EDUCATIONAL APPROACH HAS BEEN EMPHASIZED. RELIEF, RAIMENT AND SHELTER ARE NECESSARY FOR DESTITUTE CHILDREN, BUT THE GREATEST GOOD FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER CAN COME ONLY THROUGH THE EDUCATION OF THE CHILD, THE PARENT, THE TEACHER, THE FAMILY PHYSICIAN, THE DENTIST, THE COMMUNITY IN GENERAL. EDUCATION OFFERS THE GREATEST OPPORTUNITY FOR REALLY IMPROVING ONE GENERATION OVER ANOTHER." �-5- THAT STATEMENT IS AS TRUE TODAY AS IT WAS FIVE DECADES AGO. DESPITE ALL THE CRITICISMS AND ALL THE QUESTIONING, EDUCATION IS STILL BASIC TO -- OFFERS THE GREATEST OPPORTUNITY FOR -- HUMAN PROGRESS. AND FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE INDIVIDUAL, EDUCATION IS STILL THE WAY TO A BETTER LIFE. EDUCATION -- RELATED TO BUT NOT SYNONYMOUS WITH COURSES AND CREDITS AND DEGREES AND CREDENTIALS; BUT EDUCATION -THE INQUISITIVE MIND; THE MASTERY OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS; A PATTERN OF IDENTIFYING, ASSEMBLING, ANALYZING, THINKING, PLANNING, AND DOING. FOR SOME OF YOU, HIGHER EDUCATION IS A FAMILY TRADITION. YOUR PARENTS, PERHAPS YOUR GRANDPARENTS AND GREAT-GRANDPARENTS AND BEYOND, HAVE BEEN COLLEGE GRADUATES. OTHERS OF YOU, LIKE MYSELF, ARE THE FIRST OF YOUR FAMILY TO GO TO COLLEGE. IF SO, CAL POLY POMONA HAS GIVEN YOU AN OPPORTUNITY YOUR PARENTS DID NOT ENJOY. �-6- WHATEVER THE CASE, ALL OF US WHO ARE THE BENEFICIARIES OF HIGHER EDUCATION SHOULD IMPOSE UPON OURSELVES THE STATUS OF LIFELONG INDENTURE TO REPAY THAT WHICH HAS BEEN BESTOWED AND TO ENSURE SIMILAR BENEFITS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THOSE WHO WILL FOLLOW. OUR SOCIETY IS NOW CRITICALLY REVIEWING ALL OF ITS INSTITUTIONS AND TRADITIONS, QUESTIONING OUR PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS OF RESOURCES. SUPPORT OF EDUCATION AT ALL LEVELS IS BEING CHALLENGED. FOR THE FIRST TIME IN RECENT MEMORY, THE AMERICAN COMMITMENT TO PROVIDE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES -- AN OPEN DOOR, WITH A SECOND CHANCE -- SEEMS GENUINELY ENDANGERED. HOPEFULLY YOU, WHO ARE AMONG THE PRIVILEGED TO BENEFIT FROM HIGHER EDUCATION, WILL BE ARTICULATE SPOKESMEN AND DEDICATED SUPPORTERS OF EDUCATION TO GUARANTEE COMPARABLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THOSE WHO FOLLOW. III AS IN ALL OTHER ASPECTS OF LIFE, WITH PRIVILEGE GOES DUTY, THE OBLIGATION TO BE RESPONSIBLE AND RESPONSIVE. AND PROFESSIONAL CAREERS WILL BE VARIED. YOUR PERSONAL PATHS EACH OF YOU WILL MAKE YOUR �-7- OWN CHOICE (ANOTHER AMERICAN PREROGATIVE WHICH FEW IN THE WORLD SHARE) -- SOME WILL PURSUE FURTHER PROFESSIONAL STUDIES, LEADING TO ADVANCED DEGREES; SOME WILL GO INTO BUSINESS, EITHER SELF-EMPLOYED OR WORKING WITH OTHERS; OTHERS WILL CHOOSE OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR WORKING FOR GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES AT LOCAL, STATE, OR NATIONAL LEVELS; SOME WILL DEDICATE THEIR LIVES TO HUMAN SERVICE, THROUGH THEIR CHURCH OR NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS; STILL OTHERS WILL ELECT TO CONTINUE THE ACADEMIC LIFE, IN RESEARCH, TEACHING, OR PUBLIC SERVICE. WHATEVER ROUTE YOU CHOOSE, SOCIETY HAS HIGH EXPECTATIONS -- A GREAT NEED -- FOR YOUR TALENTS. HOPEFULLY, YOU WILL BE SHAKERS AND SHAPERS OF A BETTER TOMORROW. BRIEFLY THREE SPECIFIC IDEAS. IN THAT REGARD I WILL SHARE WITH YOU �-8- FIRST, THE CHALLENGE OF KNOWLEDGE UTILIZATION, THE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE TO PROBLEMS OF PEOPLE. WE KNOW BETTER THAN WE DO. IN MOST AREAS OF HUMAN ENDEAVOR, WHETHER YOUR CAREER INTERESTS BE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE, HISTORY, THE ENVIRONMENT, ENGINEERING, AGRICULTURE, TEACHING, BUSINESS, FAMILY LIFE, COMMUNICATIONS, SOCIOLOGY, HEALTH, OR WHAT HAVE YOU, WE MUST SOMEHOW MOBILIZE KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES IN NEW AND CREATIVE WAYS TO DEAL EFFECTIVELY WITH HUMAN CONCERNS. IN THE COMPLEX LIFE OF TODAY AND TOMORROW, THE RESOURCES OF ANY ONE DISCIPLINE, BODY OF KNOWLEDGE, OR ORGANIZATION ARE USUALLY INADEQUATE TO DEAL EFFECTIVELY WITH SIGNIFICANT ISSUES. YOUR GENERATION MUST PIONEER IN BLENDING THE RICHNESS OF SPECIALIZED FIELDS OF STUDY INTO MORE EFFECTIVE PATTERNS FOR DECISION AND ACTION. �-9- SECOND, THE CHALLENGE OF LIFELONG LEARNING. INDEED SIMPLER. IN THE PAST, LIFE WAS My GENERATION COULD APPROACH LIFE IN THREE NEAT BLOCKS -- GO TO SCHOOL, GO TO WORK, OUT TO PASTURE. NOW, FOR A WHOLE HOST OF REASONS, THAT PATTERN IS NO LONGER ADEQUATE BURGEONING KNOWLEDGE, THE ACCELERATING RATE OF CHANGE, THE COMPLEXITY OF ISSUES, THE INTERRELATEDNESS OF HUMAN EXPERIENCES. YOu AS EDUCATED PERSONS MUST DEMONSTRATE A COMMITMENT TO LIFELONG LEARNING, INCORPORATING IN YOUR OWN LIFE A CONTINUING INTERACTION BETWEEN WORK, FAMILY, LEISURE, AND LEARNING. AND FINALLY, THAT THIRD CHALLENGE, INVOLVEMENT. REQUIRES INDIVIDUAL INVOLVEMENT. EFFECTIVE DEMOCRACY A UNIQUE INGREDIENT OF OUR AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE IS VOLUNTEERISM, THOSE THINGS WHICH INDIVIDUALS DO VOLUNTARILY, BECAUSE THEY WANT TO. MARGARET MEAD HAS OBSERVED: �-10"WE LIVE IN A SOCIETY THAT ALWAYS HAS DEPENDED ON VOLUNTEERS OF DIFFERENT KINDS -- SOME WHO CAN GIVE MONEY, OTHERS WHO GIVE TIME, AND A GREAT MANY WHO FREELY GIVE THEIR SPECIAL SKILLS, FULL-TIME OR PART-TIME. IF YOU LOOK CLOSELY, YOU WILL SEE THAT ALMOST ANYTHING THAT REALLY MATTERS TO US, ANYTHING THAT EMBODIES OUR DEEPEST COMMITMENT TO THE WAY HUMAN LIFE SHOULD BE LIVED AND CARED FOR, DEPENDS ON SOME FORM -- MORE OFTEN MANY FORMS -- OF VOLUNTEERISM." THIS FACT GIVES A DISTINCTIVELY HUMANE QUALITY TO LIFE IN AMERICA. BUT ONLY IF WE CONTINUE TO RENEW THE "HABITS OF THE HEART," TO USE THE TITLE OF A RECENT BOOK BY ROBERT BELLAH. LET ME SUGGEST TO YOU THAT THE MOST IMPORTANT WAY IN WHICH YOUR LIFE WILL BE MEASURED ULTIMATELY IS BY THE WAYS IN WHICH YOU SPEND YOUR LEISURE TIME. TO BE SURE, SOME TIME MUST BE SPENT IN HOBBIES AND OTHER FORMS OF RELAXATION. BUT LET ME ENCOURAGE YOU TO SPEND AS MUCH OF IT AS YOU CAN IN PAYING BACK THE SOCIETY THAT ALREADY HAS GIVEN SO MUCH TO YOU. YOUR PROFESSION NEEDS YOU, BEYOND THE MANDATE OF THE JOB, TO �-11RAISE THE LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE AND ETHICS. YOUR COMMUNITY NEEDS YOU, TO SERVE ON NONPROFIT BOARDS AND IN OTHER WAYS TO CONTRIBUTE TO BETTERING THE HUMAN CONDITION. YOU, TO FILL POSITIONS OF PUBLIC TRUST. I HOPE THAT YOU WILL QUICKLY BEGIN TO REPAY YOUR "DEBT TO SOCIETY." THAT THIS PARADOX IS TRUE: GET. YOUR NATION NEEDS I WILL GUARANTEE THE MORE YOU GIVE, THE MORE YOU WILL AND THE MORE YOU GIVE, THE MORE SUCCESSFUL YOU WILL BECOME. By YOUR CONSTRUCTIVE INVOLVEMENT, BOTH YOU AND SOCIETY WILL BENEFIT. IV WHILE THE PROSPECTS OF AN UNKNOWN FUTURE MAY BE SOMBER, THE CHALLENGE -- AND THE POTENTIAL -- OF TOMORROW ARE AS DEMANDING AND AS EXHILARATING AS EVER. IN AN AGE WHEN BIGNESS AND COMPLEXITY SEEM CHARACTERISTIC, IT'S IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN A PROPER PERSPECTIVE. WHEN THE REALITIES OF THE EVERYDAY WORLD SEEM ALMOST OVERWHELMING, I FIND THE FOLLOWING A USEFUL REMINDER: I AM ONLY ONE, BUT I AM ONE; I CAN'T DO EVERYTHING, BUT I CAN DO SOMETHING; AND WHAT I CAN DO, I OUGHT TO DO; AND WHAT I OUGHT TO DO, BY THE GRACE OF GOD, I WILL DO. �-12- IN TOO MANY FACETS OF OUR LIVES, BOTH INDIVIDUALLY AND AS A NATION, WE SEEM TO HAVE LOST SOMETHING OF OUR SENSE OF PURPOSE, OUR SELF-CONFIDENCE, OUR DIRECTION, OUR FAITH AND COMMITMENT. TO THE EXTENT THIS BE TRUE, IT CAN BE REMEDIED ONLY BY THE DEEDS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO -- IN WHATEVER THEIR ROLE AND IN EVERY DIMENSION OF LIFE -- UNDERSTAND AND RESPOND. KNOW; WE MUST ALSO DO. IT'S NOT ENOUGH TO UNDERSTAND OR IF EACH OF US WILL DO WHAT WE CAN DO AND OUGHT TO DO, WE WILL INDEED BE SERVING MAN'S HIGHER PURPOSE. TO EACH OF YOU IN THIS GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY CAL POLY POMONA CLASS OF 1989, GODSPEED IN YOUR PROFESSIONAL CAREER AND -- MORE IMPORTANTLY -- IN YOUR PERSONAL LIFE. RGM/LPT 0026C � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1989-06-10_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at California State Polytechnic University commencement Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given June 10, 1989 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the California State Polytechnic University commencement. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-06-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3ef41a760bcf7682ce3b804fdf3c8cc2.pdf 14e276ae95062eb23220d372a9f46ff1 PDF Text Text )p / -Cj - (; (; - W. K. KELL<Y'uG FOUIIDATION'S INTEREST IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES -c Russell G. wby Vi e President - Programs w. K. Kellogg Foundation I appreciate very much the opportunity of meeting with you today . On behalf of our Foundation, may I extend greetings and express our appreciation for being identified with the Community Col l ege Leadership Program . Mr . Banfield and I have informal. Therefore, I reed that this luncheon session should be very ill make just a fe Foundation ' s interest in co comments to the topic of our unity colleges . Then hopefully together some of the kinds of questions that e can discuss ill be of greatest interest to you . To provide for you sane general information regarding the Foundation, h ve copies of our Gener 1 Information "br ochure . This e ives a brief historical and philosophical statement, describes the seven pro ram Divisions and the organizational structure , and indicates limit tions to our aid and procedures for submitting requests . Of particular interest to you will be the fact that effective September 1, the new Director of our Division of Public Affair::; and Education will be D • Robert E. Kinsinger . been identifi d ith the community college movement in a variety of ways, most recently ith the development of paramedic system the State of New York. 0 Many of you know Bob since he has programs in the community college He is the person wi t h ham many of you wi l l have contact in the future . One of the challenges to a Foundation such as ours is to "be sensitive to current developments, to the dynamics of situations of the day, to problems that need the kind of resources that a private foundation can provide . o ende vor with whi ch In the fields e are concerned- - -education and public affairs, iculture, �- 2 - medicine and pUblic health , nursing , dentist ry and hospital administ ration- - - e are continually concerned with someho sensing the trends of t he t ime , anticipat ing significant developments , and determining how our limited Foundation resources may make a maximum contribution t o the well-being of peo Ie . In the late 1950 's , as we were assessing the situation in education in this country , and specifically anticipating needs i n higher eaucation , our Foundation became convinced that the most signifi cant educetional de -re.Lopment, of this century for our country was the development of community colleges . convinced that t hi s is t rue . We are still Consequently Dr . Morris , our Foundation President , recommended t o our Board of Trustees that the community college movement is one ( with which our Foundation sh oul.d be strongly identified . Subseqaent appropri tions by our Board pr ovides tan ible evidence of this Foundation commitment to the community college movement for mich yo u are providing vital leadership . Our Foundation first assisted in a major ,~y t he community college movement throu h the American Association of J unior Colleges , when in 1960 substantial grant e made a 0 AAJC to help strengthen their rol e of leadership . The wisdom of t hi s de cis i on is ev i denced by t he flourishing pr ogram of AAJC and the vi ble leadership it i3 providing for two year institutions of higher education , nationally and internationally . I n t he r api d development of t hese institutions i n t hi s aecade , i t immediately became apparent that a crisis existed in terms of administrative leadership for individual i nst i t ut ions t hroughout the count ry . Thus a next J 10 lcal phase of our support was assistance t o ten i nst itutions in establishing Community College Leadership Programs f or the pr ser vi ce and inservice t raining of community college administrators • . As participants in t hi s Semin obviously are avmre of these Centers and their activities . , you �- 3F i n a l l y, s c un it yco l l eg e sh ave f i rm lye s t a b l i sh edt h e ir co l l eg e p a r a l l e lp ro em s , in ca s i at t e n t i onh a sb e eng iv entot h es i g n i f i c a n t c o n t r i b u t i o no ft h e s ein : : : t i tu t ion sino c cup a t i o n a leduc a t i o n . Toen c ou r e u ch tod ev e lop h e s o ccupt i on a lp r o ro s, u rF ound a tionb ea n ~ fou ry s 0 to m ak esm a l ld ev e lopen t n t st oi n d i v idu a lco lleg estoa s s i s t i nd ev e lop ingp i l o to rd emont r a ti o np r o sm si n ~ sp e c i a l i z e df i e l d s r a iugf r t h eh e a l t hre la tdcc cu p a tio n st oughd a t p r oc e s s ingt of i s h e r i e s t e chno l ogy . lt hth erp i d ow th i nth en umbe ro fsu chi n s ti tu tion s ,i t w a s soonapp e n ttou sth a t cou l dno t po s s ib l ym e e t t h ed em and so fa l li nt i - t u t i o n sf o r uch d ev e lopm en t a l s s i s t a n c e . Thu sla s ty e a rw em ad e not h e r s i g n i f i c a n t comm i ten ttoAA JC t oe s t a b l i s ht h r e eT a sk Fo rc es w it hp r o f e s s i o n a l t a f ftop r ov id en a t i on a ll e ad e r s h i pi neng in e e r i n g~ , bu si n e s sre l a td , and h e thr e l a ted o c cup a t i o n a lfi e l d s . Th ef u l l t im ep er s onn e lh a v eb en re c r u i ted , theT a sk Fo rc e sa r ecampl e t i nt h e i ro r g an iztion a ld et a i l s , and in ce a s i n g l yth isph a s eo f C f s 1a d e r sh ipand s e r v i c totwo y e a ri n s t i t u t i o n s w i l lb ea v a i l a b l e. V e ry b r ie f lyth en ,t h i si sou r in te re s ti ncommun it yc o l l eg e s . We a r e s t i l lconv in c edt h a tt h ec d ev e l :m i t yco l l c t i em o v em e nt i son eo fth em o s ts i g n i f i cn t en t si nh igh e redu c a t ionfo rth is ce n t u ry. We h v eb e en re a tlyimp r e s s ed h etr em endou s -n tht ~ t h~ hs t ak enp lc e , it ht h eacc ep t an c eo ft h e co un i tyc o l l ee id e a i ncommuni t i e st h roughou tt h ecoun t r y , and 1 i thth e ex c e l l en c eo ft h ep ro sm snow und e r aye O u r ound at i onh s b e e nv e ryp Ia s ed t ob ei d e n t i f i e di t ht h i sd ev e lopm en t, and Ie n t i c i p a t eth a tth e r ew i l lb e o t h e r ay si nt hf u t u r ei n i e hou rFound a tionc a u s i s t. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1966-07-09_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, W. K. Kellogg Foundation's Interest in the Community Colleges Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given July 9, 1966 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation on the Community College Leadership Program. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-07-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cd3d56bc0fa213cb4098fea13d25ba13.pdf 0c86bc53aea5a37cc589a2ca73466847 PDF Text Text , THE MICHIGAN BIOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE GROUNDBREAKING Dr. Russell G. Mawby Chairman and Chief Executive Officer W.K. Kellogg Foundation July 30, 1985 Governor Blanchard, Mr. Herbert, Dr . Zeikus, members of the MBl Board of Directors, media representatives, ladies and gentlemen: I am very pleased to be here today to be a part of these eagerly anticipated groundbreaking ceremonies for the construction of the Michigan Biotechnology Institute's permanent facilities. The significance of this symbolic ceremony cannot be overstated. But as we all know, ground for the Institute was really broken more than four years ago with the idea for its creation. Our corning together now signifies the partnership that i! the Michigan Biotechology Institute. It is the collective energies of the knowledge resources of our state's leading universities and colleges, the catalytic strengths of state government, the financial resources of private foundations and corporations, and the dedicatea personal drive of hundreds of individuals. The Michigan Biotechnology Institute is linking all of these resources to expand our state's forest and agricultural industries, create jobs, and diversify and bolster the state's economy . It will pursue ways to safeguard Michigan's vital natural resources through developing effective systems for handling industrial wastes; and improving fuel, chemical, and materials production. It will turn world attention to Michigan as the source for what is the newest, �.~ (2) the finest, and the most promising in biotechnology research and the application of that research. It will be a magnet, as firms are drawn to locate where "the action is." We believe the fiscal support that the Kellogg Foundation is giving to the Michigan Biotechnology Institute is evidence of wise stewardship of our financial resources. We know that the Institute in turn will be a wise steward of the abundant natural, human, and institutional resources with which it is entrusted. Thank you and congratulations on this important occasion. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1985-07-30_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the Michigan Biotechnology Institute Groundbreaking Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given July 30, 1985 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the groundbreaking ceremony for the Michigan Biotechnology Institute. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-07-30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/538553a98f031cde8fb4000a71e539df.pdf 312a45aa0bf01b9c192578652cf1647c PDF Text Text CREAT IVT IY A~ FACULTY DEVELOPMENT (STABLEBL INDNF -SS : D IAG l l JS IS AND ' I 'REA ' f r lENT ) Rema rks b yR u s s e l lG . tA . a cvby ,P r e s i d e n t W . K .K e l logg Found a t ion a tt h e 1977SU IT I lE rivo rkCon f e r en c e Deans a ndD i r e c t o r so fR e s id en tI n s t r u c t i o ni n A g r i c u l t u r e l h i v e r s i t yo fA rk an s a s F a y e t t e v i l l e Ju l y29 , 1977 I I t i s ap l e a s u r eind e edf o rTIe t or r e e tw i t h you . I app r e c i a t eyou r i n v i t a t i o ntop a r t i c i p a t ei nth i s1977SU I l l IE rH a rk Con f e r en c e . I t mu s t be e x c i t i n gt oyout ob eap a r to ft h eg rcw th s e c t o ro fa s i g n i f i c a n t n a t i o n a le n t e r p r i s eandr e s o u r c e h i g h e redu c a t ion . I n1935wh en h e t r a n s f e r r e dh i sf o r t u n etot h ei r r e v o c a b l et r u s to fwh i ch t h eH .K . K e l logg Found a t ion i st h eb e n e f i c i a r y ,H r . K e l logg ob s e rv edt h a t "Edu c a t iono f f e r st h eg r e a t e s t ;o p p o r t u n i t yf o rr e a l l yi r rp rov ingon e g e n e r a t i o nov e rano th e r .I I W h i l e o u re d u c a t i o n a li n s t i t u t i o n sandsy s t em s a r esub je c t so fsh a rpc r i t i c i smtod ayandh av es u f f e r e df romr edu c ed f i n a n c i a lsuppo r t ,t h ef a c ts t i l lr em a in st h a ted u c a t i o n -i neve rl ID re v a r i e dfonDSandth roughou t1 i f e i st h eb a s i sf o ra c h i e v i n ga b e t t e r /1I l i f e ,b o t hf o ri n d i v i d u a l sando u rn a t i o n ' sp eop l e . A st h o s er e s p o n s i b l e f o rr e s i d e n ti n s t r u c t i o ni n a g r i c u l t u r e ,youh av ea t r em endou sr e s p o n s i b i l i t y ando p p o r t u n i t y f o rc r e a t i v el e a d e r s h i pi nc u r r i c u l a rd ev e lopm en tt ob e t t e r s e r v et h en e ed so fs t u d e n t s a n dth roughth em ,s o c i e t y . �2 I I Th et o p i csugg e s t edf o rmy r e rm rk sth i sr ro rn ingi s ,"C r e a t i v i t yand F a cu l tyD ev e lop r r en t . " Inapp ro a ch ingt h i sa s s f .gm r en t,Is h a l ln o td e t a i l e i t h e rap ro c e s so rthep ropo s edcon t en tf o ra f a c u l t yd e v e l . o p r r e n t ;p rog r am . M :> s to fy oua r eb e t t e ra b l et odo t h a tt h a n I . The t h r e ef a c u l t yI IE IT l b e r s f romM i ch ig an S t a t eUn iv e r s i ty who app e a rn e x to nyou rp rog r amw i l ls h a r e th ed e t a i l so fon e suchp rog r am ind e eda c r e a t i v eund e r t ak ingt ov . :h ich o u rFound a t ionh a sp rov id edab i to ff i n a n c i a lsuppo r t . A d dt ot h a tthe o t h e re l a r e n t so fa c anp r eh en s iv ep rog r am s abb a t i c a ll e a v e s ,a t t end an c e a tp r o f e s s i o n a lr r e e tdng s,f a c u l t ywo rk shop s , depa . r t : r r en t a lr e t r e a t s , p e r fonmn c ea s s e s s r r en t ;andcoun s e l . ing ,a l lt h er e s t a n dy o u ' l lh av ethe a t r u c t u r ef o ra c anp r eh en s iv eande f f e c t i v eapp ro a cht of a c u l t ydeva l .op t r en t i a goa lwh ich b yd e f i n i t i o ni sun end ing . Th e r e fo r e ,r e cogn i z ingmy l im i t a d o n sandov e rwh e l r rEdb yt h eaw e so r et i t l e a s s ign ed , Ie l e c t e d ,i n the ab s en c eo fanlm lo r a r iumo ranye t h e rc o n s t r a i n t , tor e t i t l et h e s eth :>ugh t s 7 / "S t a b l eB l indn e s s : D i agno s i s andT r e a t r r en t. " My c o n t r i b u t i o nw i l lb ean a t t a n p tt ov i ewf a c u l t yd ev elop ro en tf roma s l i g h t l yd i f f e r e n tp e r s p e c t i v e . I ams u r et h a tyou ,i nt h eg r e a tt r a d i t i o no fa c ad em i a ,w i l lm a k e the i n t e l l e c t u a lt r a n s i t i o nf r a nb a rny a rdt oc a n : p u se a s i l yandu s e f u l l y . S t a b l eb l indn e s si sa no p t i cm a l fun c t ion , p rob ab lyo fp sy cho som a t i c .c h a r a c t e r . I ti sap a r t i c u l a ra f f l i c t i o no fho r s ep eop l e . I f youa r eon e o rk : n cwon e -youh av eob s e rv edt h ei d i o s y n c r a t i cb eh av io rwh ich i sa con s equ en c eo fth i sa i lm en t . I t i sr e f l e c t e di ns t a t e r r : en t ssu cha s ," I ' v e ~ look eda tb r e ed ingho r s e sa l l o v e rt h i ss t a t eandId o n ' tf i n danyt h a th av e q u i t et h eq u a l i t yo fth i sy oung s t a l l i o no fm i n e . " O r , " Iknow t h i sho r s e ' - �3 is a little low in the croup, but I chl' t really regard that as very inportant; the really inportant thing in a good horse is ... " stand b::::rw a judge Cou l Or, "I just can't under- d pl ace the cl a ss that way. II ~ Although I have a ff?ll horses and show them occasionally, I personally --- My very extensive research on this disorder leads to t:t.x:> conclusions : First, stable blindness does not lend itself to self-diagnosis, and second, ... s tabl e blindness is easily discenri.ble in others . Recognizing that your interest in this subject could be easily exhausted, I will not pursue this topic further , For the balance of my rerrarks, I YJOUld blindness in our profession and the constructive treat::rrent o f sarre , 1lI TIle process of faculty devel.oprrent; is a futuristic enterprise. As administrators in colleges of agriculture, you of course recognize the �4 k a l e i c b s c o p i cch ang e si nd e f i n i t i o no ft h et e rm" a g r i c u l t u r e "o v e rt r i r r e , Son e t i r r e st h et enna g r i c u l t u r ei ss t i l lr eg a rd eda ssynony r rous w i t hr u r a l . ~ t h i st oa s u b s t a n t i a le x t e n tmay h av eb e ent r u ea tt h et : . i I IEc o l l e g e s o fa g r i c u l t u r ew e r ee s t a b l i s h e d ,w i t ht h ep a s s ag eo ft . i r r at h econ c ep to f a g r i c u l t u r eh a sn a r roo ed . 'Th i sew l u t i o n a r ych ang ei si n p o r t a n tto r e cogn i z ea swe con s id e rt h er o l eo fa g r i c u l t u r a lc o l l e g e si n t h ef u t u r e . Fo rp e r s p e c t i v ei t i su s e f u lt otu r nb a ckt ot h ep e r i o di n h i s t o r y / nn r ethana CEn t u r ya gowh en wh a ti s p e rh ap sou rc o r n t r y ' son l yo r i g i n a l i d e ain h i g h e re d u c a t i o n t h el a n d g r a n tsy s t em -w a scon c e iv ed. D r . C .E . B i shop h a sob s e rv edt h a tt h el a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n sw e r er e a l l ycon c e iv ed a sr u r a ld ev a lop r r en ri n s t i t u t i o n si nt o d a y ' sj a r g o n . As t h eo r i g i n a lc o l l e g e so fa g r i c u l t u r em a tu r ed , t h ep r o f i l eo fi n t e r e s tb ro ad en edt oen conp a s s n o r ef u l l yt h er ang eo fhun ancon c e rn s : 1850 (1862 )- acon c e rnf o rf a rm ingandf a rmp eop l e ,t om a k et h e adv an t ag e so fh i g h e redu c a t iona v a i l a b l et ot h eson s andd augh t e r so ff ' a r r r e r sandt h e~ c l a s s e s ,t o d i r e c tt h ea t . t en t . iono fsu chi n s t i t u t i o n st ot h e p rob l e rm o fe a rn inga l i v i n ga sw e l la sl i v i n ga l i f e ; 1887 - th en ,t h er e a l i z a t i o nwe d i d n ' tknONenough , sor e s e a r c h ; 1898 - acon c e rn .f o rt h eq u a l i t yo ff am i lyl i f e ,sohc : I re e conom i c s ; 1900 - acon c e rnt h a tt r a d i t i o n a ls choo l ingw a s n ' tp r e p a r i n g young s t e r sf o rt h ek ind so fl i v e sth eywou ld l e a d ,so Bo y sa ndG i r l sC lub wo rk ,n ow4 -H ; -thee s t ab l i sh r rEn tby c o l l e g e so fa g r i c u l t u r e ,o fd ep a r t r r en r s o fru ra ledu c a t ion , ando fr u r a lso c io logycon c e rn edw i t h thew e l l -b e ing o fr u r a lfo lk s ; �5 1914 - to make the resources of the campus available to all, Extension. TIlat's a remarkable tradition and record of responsive change, certainly unequalled--and uncharacteristic--of the recent decades. in the years since, a lot of changes have occurred: r=:1 '\t 1. We have rroved from an agrarian to an urbarrized society. For :r 2. The land-grant universities, in which agriculture was originally chninant, have beC011E canplex institutions. Today agriculture is a smaller part of the total academic scene. Societal goals have gradually changed, including a shift from a preoccupation with the In9.terialistic "standard of living" to a concept of the "quality of life." As agriculture has progressed, there has been a specialization and fragrrentat.Lon-c-In the structure of colleges and departrrencs , in the fabric of research, in the industry of farming, in the maze of farm organizations and institutions which serve agriculture. The colleges of agriculture have progressively nar'rowed their scope of concerns to an a1m:>st exclusive preoccupation nCM with agricultural production-and closely related activities, with linkages to problems of hunan nutrition either blurred or non-existent and with lesser concern for problems of the family, of health care delivery, of social institutions and services, of education. And unfortunately, while col.Leges of agriculture have dropped these issues from their agenda, the universities of whi.ch agriculture is a part have not assumed these responsibilities in the more �6 c o n p l i c a t e do r g a n i z a t i o n a ls t r u c t u r e . To i l l u s t r a t e ,I IDS tc o l l e g e s o fedu c a t iondo n o tg i v em a jo ra t t e n t i o nt or u r a ls c h o o l i n gand e d u c a t i o n a lo p p o r t u n i t i e s ,T ID s tc o l l e g e so fm ed i c in e don o tcon c e rn th em s e lv e si nany co rp r eh en s av ew ay w i . th r u r a lh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r y . ~ l a n d g r a n tc o l l e g e so fa g r i c u l t u r ew e r ec r e a t e dt om e e t r a t h e rs p e c i £ i cp e r c e i v e ds o c i e t a ln e ed sac e n t u r yago . I t ' sa r h e t o r i c a l qu e s t aont oponde rwh e th e ro rn o t ,h adth e yn o tb e ene s t a b l i s h e d ,wuu ld c o l l e g e so fa g r i c u l t u r eb ec r e a t e dnOW ' byt h ec u r r e n tCong r e s s ? Is u s p e c t ac a r e f u la n a l y s i svou ldsugg e s tt h a tt h e i rc r e a t i o n , a tl e a s ti nany th ing app ro a ch ingth e i . rp r e s e n tfo rm ,wou l .d n o tb ea con t en :po r a ryr e spon s et o h tmmn e ed s andc u r r e n tp r i o r i t i e s . C e r t a i n l y no -on ewuu ld o r g a n i z ea n ewc o l l e g eo fa g r i c u l t u r ea sI ID s to fo u rc o l l e g e sa r es t r u c t u r e d . To pu r su eth i sm an sw e r ab l eq u e s t i o nv e ryf a rwou ld b eu n r e a l i s t i candf u t i l e . Bu t , If i n di t u s e f u l ,i nth in ldngo fthed ev e ' lop r r en t ;o ff a c u l t yf o r tonD r row ' ss t u d e n t s ,t or em indo u r s e l v e so fso r r eo ft h ek eyi s s u e sw i t h wh i ch mank ind i sc o n f r o n t e dtod ay . R e c en t ly Ir e a da d i s t u r b i n g l yp e s s im i s t i c andp e rh ap sd i s t r e s s i n g l yr e a l i s t i c b o o k ,1m .I n q u i r yI n t ot h eHum :m .P r o s p e c t , byRob e r tL .H e i lb ron e r . H e i l b r o n e r sugg e s t st h a tt h r e ei s s u e sabov ea l l o t h e r ssh ap et h ec u r r e n thum a np r ed i . c a r r en t, Th e s ec anb es u rm r r i z e di nt h r e e wo rds: p o p u l a t i o n , env i . rom r en t,w a r . --- T . rou l db en i c ei f t h e s ew e r e ~ ~ t i d yi s s u e st h a tw e cou ldd e a l andd i r e c t l y . · B u tw ei . r r : r r ed i a t e lys e et h a tth eya r en o t s : i I q> l eandn e a t ; th eya r ecomp l ex , con found ingandcompound ing , co r rp r eh en s iv e , i n t e r r e l a t e d . - O n eo ft h ed i .Le rmas o ft h ehun an c o n d i t i o ni st h a tt h e . . , . " ' -- - - - - -- p rob l em swh ich con c e rnu sa r ed i f f u s e . cgm l ex . . .p enn e a t ing , mu lt i -d is c i p l i n a r y , • �7 g en e r a l i z ed ; th in ko fanyc u r r e n ti s s u eo fI IB jo rs i g n i f i c a n c e p o l l u t i o n , n ru s ,aseriousd i s c r n . t i n u i t ye x i s t sb e tw e en t h en a t u r eo ft l i e - p rob l em swh i ch con f ron tu sandt h es o l u ti o n swh i ch w ec o n t r i v ef o rd e a l i n g -~ w i th t h em . ~ ~ - IYUn o te l a b o r a t eon t h e s et h r e ei s s u e s ,s imp lyr em indyouo ft h e n : L ~ -ar e a l i z a t i o nt h a ttheg row tho fhu r anpopu l a t ioni s _ t h ep r i n c i p a landI IDS tc a n p e l l i n gt h r e a tt ot h es u r v i v a lo ft h e s p e c i e s(man ) ; F . r iV i . r o n n :E n t-a g row ing a p p r e c i a t i o nf o rt h ef r a g i l i t yo ft h e c--- . -0-- -re l a tion s h i p sw i th in t h ee a r t h ' senv i ronm en t a lm i l i e u ,w i t h --. a nawa r en e s so ft h em ind -bogg l ing con s equ en c e so fo u ra c t i o n s , -- - -in l ru l s iv eo rp r e r r ed i . a r ed : and Wa r -w i t h nob e t t e rr em ind e rt h a nt h ewo rd sw r i t t e n 350 y e a r sago - .- byJohnDonne - ....-- ~ ~ ' 'N om an i san i s l a n d ,e n t i r eo fi t s e l f ,ev e ryt ran i s ap i e c eo ft h ec o n t i n e n t , ap a r to ft h er r a i n , i f ac l o db ew a sh ed CM ay byt h es e a ,Eu rop ei st h e l e s s ,a sw e l la si f ap ro r ron to ryw e r e ,a sw e l la s i f am ano ro ft h yf r i e n d so ro ft h i n eow nw e r e ; any m an ' sd e a thd im in i sh e sI r e ,b e c au s eI aminvo lv edi n I IE I 1 k : i . n d ; andt h e r e f o r en ev e rs endt ok n owf o rw h om th eb e l lt o l l s ;i t t o l l sf o rt h e e . " �8 No natter hCM we choose to classify man' s concerns, or from what vantage point we elect to view than, ultinately it becorres clear that the quality of life for our generations--yours and mine--and those to follow will be determined basically by our progress in improving hunan relationships. For vilether we think in terms of the family, our haDe ccemrrtty, our state or nation, or the world neighborhood, the pr'irre determinant of what life will be like in the years ahead will be a consequence of tnan ' s ability to live in harrrony , one with another. And the IIDSt i..n:portant decisions confronting us will not be resolved by our burgeoning technology alone, but instead wi.Ll, be value-based and value-laden. IV l-Jhile we could debate at length the class of categorization of critical social issues and argue semanti.cs , it is readily apparent that lectual kncwl.edge resources of--agricultcn: e- -descri b e "--- -,.-. Tufts nether 0 intel- by- tne-P'resi-eea f. all: sciences"--are ftndam2ntal in dealing with mm's torrorrow. Looking to that future and the deve'loprrent of faculty to meet changing needs. I will suggest very briefly three focal issues for colleges of agriculture: 1. Food: MJst people in agriculture do not think in terms of food and hunan nutrition. yet this is the ultimate goal of trost; of our agricultural enterprise. We think not in terms of feeding people but in terms of productive vo.Iurres , of production systems. of agdcultural specialties. We take pride in the nunber of people for which one AIre.rican farrrer can produce food, but our thoughts usually do not run to problerrs of huran nutrition. �9 D r . Hen ry Bo r sook , ab io ch em i s ta tC a lT e ch ,s a i di n1967 : ' 'W e h av eth et o o l sandt h et e chno logyt of e edev e ryon ei nt h e lVO r ldw i t ho u rp r e s e n tr e s o u r c e s . And y e t· i t ha sb e ene s t im a t e d t h a t80p e r c en to ft h ew o r l d ' s popu l a t ionnonn a l lys u f f e r sf rom m d e r n u t r i t i o no rrm l n u t r i t i o n . ' '<h eh e a r sanynunb e ro fexp l an a t ion sf o rt h i si r o n i cs i t u a t i o n on eo ft h el a r g e ro b s t a c l e si sthes i r rp l ef a c tt h a tw es t i l lt h i n k o ffoodint e rm>o ft h e19 thC en tu ry . l iA slonga sw ep e r s i st i nt h i n k i n go ffoodi nt e rm so fbu sh e l s o fwh e a t ,w ew i l ln ev e rh av eenoughtogo a round . A s soona sw e lea rntocon s id e rfooda st h econv eyo ro fe s s e n t i a ln u t r i e n t s. andlookf o rt h ech e ap e s tandb e s tw ay t og e tt h e s en u t r i e n t s l t rew i l lf i n dw ew i l lh av eenoughf o ra l l . I ' 2 . Fnv i romn en t a lq u a l i t yandm :m ag em en to fr en e ; . ; r ab l er e s o u r c e s : l b p r o f e s s i o nh a srm r eexp e r i en c eandab e t t e rr e c o r do fa ch i ev em en t i n w i s e env i ronn : : en t a landr e s o u r c em an ag e r r en t ; thando e sa g r i c u l t u r e . Y e ti nt h ec u r r e n tc l inE . t eo fenv i ron r r en t a lcon c e rn .anda c t i o n , a g r i c u l t u r a l i s t sandf a rm inga r etooo f t e ns e ena sa p a r to ft h e p rob l emr a t h e rthana p a r to ft h ean sw e r . 3 . ' !h eq u a l i t yo fr u r a ll i f e :~ t h er h e t o r i cr e l a t i n gt or u r a l d ev e lopm :n t ebb sandf low s ,t h e r ei sl i t t l e ev id en c et h a te i t h e r oo l l eg e so fa g r i c u l t u r eo rt h eu n i v e r s i t i e so fwh i ch th eya r ea p a r th av eg iv ena s en s eo fp r i o r i t ya ndu rg en cyt or u r a lp rob l em s . M :> s t c o l l e g e so fa g r i c u l t u r ea r en o tequ ipp edt od e a lad equ a t e ly �10 with the broad range of issues enconpassed in rural corrm.mity developm=nt, issues including health care delivery, education, business and industry, political institutions J social services. VJhile faculty n:enbers with broad responsibilities and titles in camnmity developm:nt can provide a degree of leadership, the kncMledge resources of the larger tmiversities to bear. mist; be brought In rrost institutions, the inadequacy of resources within colleges of agriculture is corrpomded by the organizational rigidities of the tmiversities. The typical agricultural research station or Extension Service sin:ply does not have available to it the intellectual and technical resources of the university-at-large. nus cf.rcurrs tance is further corrpounded by an "insular rrentald ty" of many colleges of agriculture which seems from the mainstream of academi.c life. v Creativeness den in agricultural faculty developrnent--an inm.nization against stable blindness--would suggest the following: 1. To warrant continuing support by society, colleges of agriculture mist; serve critical hunan needs, addressing conterrporary issues of high priority. This suggests a clarification of the mission and goals of these colleges. We should learn this lesson from observing our professional counterparts in other fields. their sense of mission. SCIre seem to have lost their way, I'll rrention horne economics J education, �11 and n:edicine as examples. To illustrate, colleges of n:edicine have increasingly focused their attention on issues of rredi.cal, scimce and technology, not upon problems of the health of people and health care delivery. They are often seen as self-serving, pursuing professional goal.s which tmy be quite different from societal needs . . In consequence, the creative leadership in rreet ing current health needs has shifted elsewhere. Similarly, colleges of agriculture in general are tmre concerned with agricultural science and the fanning enterprise than with feeding people. The two are not unrelated, but the hierarchy of goals and priorities must be clear if our profession is to provide leadership in rreet'ing ID3Il' S greatest need--adequate nutrition. 2. Colleges of agriculture mist; be an integral part of the larger university with which they are affiliated. Protected by line item appropriations and designated federal funding, some colleges have developed an insular status within the university. To the contrary, faculty--as well as students, graduate and undergraduate alike--should be integral to the rrainstream of the academic life of the institution. !my faculty developrrent scherre should provide for such interaction. 3. Colleges of agriculture should draw in irraginative ways upon the intellectual knowledge resources throughout the university which can be useful to the agricultural mission. Such inter-relationships �1 2 shou ldn o tb ec o n s t r a i n e dbyt h eu s u a lr e c o g n i t i o no ft h e b e h a v i o r a landn a t u r a ls c i e n c e sb u tshou lden comp a s sa sw e l l thea r t s ,thehum an i t i e s ,t h eo t h e rp r o f e s s i o n s. 4 . J u s ta sa g r i c u l t u r eshou ldd r awu pon t h el a r g e ru n i v e r s i t y ,i t shou ldmake i t sd i s t i n c t i v ec o n t r i b u t i o nt ot h eu n i v e r s i t y ' s i n t e l l e c t u a ll i f e . Th et e a c h i n gandr e s e a r c hf tm c t ion so f t h ee n t i r ei n s t i t u t i o nc anb e n e f i tf romt h em i s s i o n o r i e n t e d a c t i v i t i e sanda ch i . ev em en t . so fa g r i c u l t u r e . T o oo f t e n , ev enw i t h i nc o l l e g e so fa g r i c u l t u r e , f en c e sb e tw e en d i s c i p l i n e sandd ep a r t r r en ts a r eh igh . InEx t en s ion w eu s edt os ay ,"F a r rm r sh av ep rob l em s , andc o l l e g e sh av e d ep a r tm en t s . " l l i s tf a rmp rob l em sr e q u i r et h ee x p e r t i s eo f s e v e r a ls p e c i a l t i e s . Un fo r tun a t e ly , tooo f t e nt h eo n l yp l a c e t h ed i s c i p l i n e st r e e t ;i sont h ef a rm andon lyth rought h ef a . n r e r ' s t r a n s l a t i o nandi n t e r p r e t a t i o n ,n o tp r o f e s s i o n a li n t e r c h a n g e . ~ ~~ d ev e lo e f fo r t sc anc o r r e c t 6 . M a n yo ftherm s t ;impo r t an td e c i s i o n si r rp a c t ingon a g r i c u l t u r e i nt h ey e a r sah e adw i l lb em ad en o tbya g r i c u l t u r i s t sb u tby p o l i t i c i a n s ,bu sin e s s r r en ,p u b l i ca dm i n i s t r a t o r s ,l awy e r s . HCN l ro e syou rc o l l e g ep rov id et osu chd e c i s ion -m ak e r sab a s i c a p p r e c i a t i o nf o ra g r i c u l t u r eandr en ew ab l er e s o u r c e s i n t h e i rund e rg r adu a t eandg r adu a t es t u d i e sandb eyond ? A r id wh a t do e st h i ssugg e s ti n f a c u l t yd ev e lopm en t ? �13 7 . Af i n a lthough t :M : :>sto fyoua r et i t l e d D e an o rD i r e c t o ro f R e s id en tI n s t r u c t i o n . R e s id en t wh e r e ? On c a r rpu s ? 1ma r c h a i c con c ep t : A tn o s to fyou ru n i v e r s i t i e s , you rco l l eg e -p e rh ap s t o g e t h e rw i th hon ee conom i c s i st h eon lyon ew i t hf a c u l t yi n ev e rycoun tyo ft h es t a t e . Andy e ta g r i c u l t u r a lc o l l e g e s g e n e r a l l yh av edon el i t t l e i nn o n t r a d i t i o n a lapp ro a ch e st o e d u c a t i o n e x t em a ld eg r e e sanda l lt h er e s t . I n c r e d i b l e andw i t hg r e a timp l i c a t ion sf o rf a c u l t yd ev e l .op r r en t ;i f you r p o t e n t i a lt e a ch ingm i s s ion i st ob ef u l f i l l e d . V I S t a b l eb l ind ? C e r t : a . in lyn o tu s . Wh i l e s amo fmy com r en t ; st r ayh av eb e enc r i t i c a l ,t h e i ri n t e n ti s c o n s t r u c t i v e . And f o ranysho r t com ing s ,you rco l l e g e sa r ew i thou tp e e r i n thewo r ld . I nthet r a d i t i o no f4 -H ( as t u d e n tg roup o fyou rco l l e g e wh i ch y o ua sR e s id en tD e an su s u a l l yLgno r e ),Iw i sh youw e l li n you r e f f o r t si nt h eun end ingp ro c e s so f"m ak ingt h eb e s to ftod ayev en b e t t e rto rm r ro» . ' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1977-07-29_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the 1977 Summer Work Conference Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given July 29, 1977 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the 1977 Summer Work Conference on creativity and faculty development. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977-07-29 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3781b85f9f5a3ede98e2a3a5a55eb2cf.pdf 1e15ade606c7f1931e0c62aea94e3071 PDF Text Text "Th eI n c r eas i n gInvo l vem en t o fNon -L and -G ra n t Tn ati . t . u t .Lo r . s and G o v er -nmen t . aL A ge n c i e sI n Do ing E x t e n s ion Wo r k : Im p l i c a t i o n s " R em a rks by ss e ll G .~ ftaTNb~r, Pr e s id en t Ru W . K . Ke l l ogg Founda~i on C en t e rF e l lows Co n fe r e nc e Uni v e r s it yo f' , -T is co n s in , ~·Iadi son J u l y2 , 1976 I . I n t r o d u c to r yR ema r ks I ti sa g r ea tp l e a s u r ef o rm et ob em e e t ing w i t h you f o rt h i sReunio~ COL re ren c e o fV i.K . K e l logg Found at i on F e l low so fthe N a t . i o n a lA g r i c u l t u r a l Ex ten s ion C en t e r fo : : : 'Adv an c ed S tud y. N yf i f t e e ny e a r s as an E x tens i o npr o f e s s i o n a li nt~ ichiga n c o i n c i d ed\ I i t ht h ey e a r si nwh i ch t h eC e n te r w a s es tab lished and va s mc st a ct i v e , t h r o u g ht .h e1950 s and f i r s th a l fo ft h e1960 s. T hu s, Ip e r s o n a l l yv a sv o ; ; ' ! 'y m uch aw a r eo ft h eC en te rand i t st r em end ou s cont r i b u t i o nt oEx t e n s i o npr o f es s i o n a l l e a d e r s h i p . Any ob se r v e ro ft h eC o o p e r a t i v e Ex t e n s i o nS e rv ic et h r o ugh t h eyea r s wou ld a g r e et h a tt h eC e n t e r,t h r o u gh i t sg radua t es and i t sv a r i edp r og r am so f edu cat i o nand r e s e a r c h ,h ad a t r em endou s i~p act upon E x t e n s i o n wo rkin t h i s c o u n t r y. T hr o u gh t h eye a r s,a~ M i ch ig an S t a t e and subsequen tly a tt h eFoundat i on, I h av e h ad t h e pl e a su reand p riv il e g eo f be ing asso cia t . ed' . . r i ththe C en t e r staf ' f and g r a d u a te s. I th a sb e en an i n s p i r a t i o nto be a ssoc ia ted w i t hyou and you r co ll e a g u e s . On eo fmy l a s td u tiesa sS ta t e4 -HLeade ri nM i ch ig&n \ [ 2 5 t os e r v e a s cha irm an o fa c o n f e r e n c e comm i t tee ,wo rk i ng w i t hD r . C la rk aLd o t h e r s he r e a tt h eUn iv e rs i t yo fW i s cons i n .,i np lann ing and c a r r y i n gou t oneo ft h ef i r s t p rof e s s i o n a lm e e t i ng so fS t a . t e4 -H L e a d e r s,vhichw a s h e l dh e r ei n1964. �2 Fo ra l lt h e s er e a s o n s ,p e r s o n a l andp r o f e s s i o n a l ,It h a n kyou f o rt h eopportuni~ o fm e e t i n gw i t h you tod ay . I I . Th eh i s t o r yo ft h eN a t i o n a lA g r i c u l tU i ' a lE x t e n s i o nC e n t e rf o rAdv an c ed S tudy andt h es u p p o r to ft h eW . K . K e l logg Found a t ion a r ei n s e p a r a b l e . I np r e p a r i n g f o rt h e s er em a rk st h i smo rn ing , Ir ev i ew edb r i e f l yt h eF o u n d a t i o n ' sf i l e sr e l a t i n gt ot h eC e n t e r . Th ef i r s tm emo r andum i sd a t e di n1 9 5 2andwa s p r e p a r e d by D r . R a lph T y l e ro ft h eU n i v e r s i t yo fCh i c ago on t h et o p i c ,"Upg r ad ing L e a d e r s h i pi nt h eC o o p e r a t i v eE x t e n s i o nS e r v i c e . " Th i sm emo r andum E a rk ed t h e b e g i n n i n go ft h eF o u n d a t i o n ' se x p l o r a t i o no ft h i sp o s s i b i l i t yand l e du l t im a t e l y t of i n a n c i a ls u p p o r t . N ex tw a sa l e t t e rd a t e dS ep t emb e r8 ,1 9 5 2f romC .M . F e rgu son ,t h e nD i r e c t o ro fE x t e n s i o ni nOh io , r e g a r d i n ga m e e t ing h e l dw i t h s t a f fm emb e r s o ft h eK e l logg Found a t ion . A comm i t t e et h e nw a s a p p o i n t e dby t h eN a t i o n a lA s s o c i a t i o no fS t a t eU n i v e r s i t i e s andL and -G r an tC o l l e g e s ,w i t h D .B . V a rn e rt h e nD i r e c t o ro fE x t e n s i o ni nM i ch ig an a s ch a i rm an , andw i t h D i r e c t o rG ib son o fT ex a s ,M i s s H e l en P r o u to fCo lo r ado A&M , andM i s s F r an c e s S cudd e ro fN ew Yo rk . Th e wo rk o ft h i scomm i t t e eb eg an t h ep r o c e s s wh i ch l e dt o t h ee s t a b l i s hm e n to ft h eC e n t e ra tt h eU n i v e r s i t yo fW i s con s in ~~der t h ea u s p i c e s o fNASULGC i n1 9 5 5 . F rom 1 9 5 5th r o u g h1 9 6 7th eFound a t ion c o n t r i b u t e d$ 1 ,638 ,595 .26 i ns u p p o r to ft h eC e n t e r ' sa c t i 7 i t i e s . Th ea n n u a lr e p o r to ft h eC en t e ri n1 9 6 6 6 7 h~gh ighted someo ft h ea c comp l i shm en t s o f i t sf i r s te l e v e ny e a r s . Th ef o l l ow i n ga r eb r i e fq u o t e sf romt h a tr e p o r t : "Th eC en t e rh a sb e en t h efo cu so fi n f l u e n c e sl e a d i n gt ot h eupg r ad ing o f s t a f fo fE x t e n s i o ns e r v i c e sf romt h ecoun ty t ot h eh i g h e s tu n i v e r s i t yl e v e l . . . I ni t se l e v e ny e a r s ,t h eC en t e rh a sp rodu c ed 8 3m a s t e r ' s d e g r e ei n d i v i d u a l s and8 5w i t h a Ph .D . I th a s aw a rd edmo r e Ph .D si nt h ea r e ao fa d u l tedu c a t i o nt h a nany o ft h eo t h e rl e a d i n gi n s t i t u t i o n sd u r i n gt h e2 0 3 0y e a r s t h e yh av eo f f e r e dt h ed eg r e e. . . A lmo s ta l lo ft h o s er e c e i v i n gt h em a s t e r ' s �3 d e g r e e anda l lb u t twoo ft h ePh .Ds av i c ep r e s i d e n to fa u n i v e r s i t yand ad i r e c t o ro fa dm i s s i o n s r em a i ni nsom eph a s eo ft h eE x t e n s i o nS e r v i c e. . . F o r t y f i v es t a t e s ,P u e r t oR i c o , andt h eF e d e r a lE x t e n s i o nS e r v i c eh av es e n t f e l l ow st ot h eC en t e r. . . I n s e r v i c et r a i n i n gf o rs em i n a r s ,wo rk shop s , and c o n f e r e n c e sh av es e r v e dd i r e c t o r s ,s t a t el e a d e r s , and s u p e r v i s o r sf roma l l p a r t so ft h ec o u n t r y . r u eC en t e rh a sb e en v i s i t e dby r e p r e s e n t a t i v e sf rom m any c o u n t r i e sf rome a cho ft h ec o n t i n e n t s . I th a sc o n t r i b u t e de x t e n s i v e l y t ot h el i t e r a t u r e .R e s u l t so fC en t e rr e s e a r c hi na r e a so fp rog r am p l a n n i n g , a dm i n i s t r a t i v er e s t r u c t u r i n g ,p e r s o n n t l ,s e l e c t i o n ,e v a l u a t i o n ,andt h el i k e , h av eb e en a p p l i e dw i d e l yi nm any s t a t e s . . . I ti sam a z ing t h a tan i n s t i t u t i o n h a sp rodu c ed su cha r e c o r do fa c h i e v e !o en tandh a sg a i n e dsu chh igh p r e s t i g e , n a t i o n a l l yand i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y ,i ne l e v e ny e a r s . " Th e imp a c to ft h eC e n t e r on E x t e n s i o n ~s g r e a ti n d e e d . As im i l a rimp a c tc anb e o b s e r v e di nFound a t ion p rog r amm ing i ncon s equ en c eo ft h es u c c e s so ft h eC e n t e r ' s e f f o r t s ,f o rt h eFound a t ion s u b s e q u e n t l yi n c r e a s e di t ss u p p o r to fE x t e n s i o n a c t i v i t i e st h r o u g h o u ti t sg e o g r a p t i ca r e a so finvo lv em en ti nNo r th and ou~h Am e r i c a andEu rop e . Th es u p p o r ti n c l u d e dt h ee s t a b l i s hm e n to fc e n t e r ss im i l a r t ot h i si nCo lumb i a , Sou th Am e r i c a , and i nI r e l a n d ,Eng l and , No rw ay , Sw ed en , F i n l a n d , andD enm a rk . I I I . My t o p i cf o rt h i smo rn ing i s" I n c r e a s i n gInvo lv em en to fNon -L and -G r an t I n s t i t u t i o n sandGov e rnm en t a l Ag e n c i e si nDo ing E x t e n s i o n Wo rk : A ta f am i l yre ~ion Im p l i c a t i o n s . " l i k et h i s ,i ts e em si n a p p r o p r i a t et op r e s e n t a fo rm a lp a p e r . I n s t e a d ,I w i l lv i s i ti n f o rm a l l y ,s h a r i n gsom et h o u g h t son t h i st o p i c . Wh i l e Iw i l ln o tp r e s e n t em p i r i c a le~idence t os u p p o r tt h ec o n t e n t i o ns t a t e di n t h et i t l ea s s i g n e dm e , c e r t a i n l yt h e r ei si n c r e a s i n ginvo lv em en to fn o n I a n d g r a n t �4 i n s t i t u t i o n sand gov e rnm en t a la g e n c i e si nd o i n gwo rk w eh av et r a d i t i o n a l l y c a l l e d"E x t e n s i o n . " T h i s invo lv em en ti n c l u d e st h eAASCU i n s t i t u t i o n s ,t h e l a r g epU b l i cu n i v e r s i t i e s ,p r i v a t el i b e r a la r t sc o l l e g e s ,p r i v a t eu n i v e r s i t i e s ,commun i ty c o l l e g e s , gov e rnm en t a la g e n c i e so fv a r i o u sd e s c r i p t i o n s , l i b r a r i e s ,mu s eum s , p r o p r i e t a r ys c h o o l s t h el i s ti sa lm o s te n d l e s s . W i th t h i si n c r e a s e di n v o l v em e n t ,t h eim p l i c a t i o n sc e r t a i n l ya r eg r e a t . F i r s t , w eo fc o u r s et h i n ko ft h eim p l i c a t i o nf o re d u c a t i o n a li n s t i t u t i c n s ,wh i ch i n as e n s ea r ei nc om p e t i t i o nf o rt h eo f f i c i a lo r fo rm a ld e s i g n a t i o no ft h e i r r e s p e c t i v er o l eand r e s p o n s i b i l i t yi no f f c ampu sE x t e n s i o na r rd commun i ty s e r v i c e a c t i v i t i e s .M u l t i p l e qu estion sh av eb e en d e b a t e df o ry e a r s ,s u c ha s "Shou ld u n i v e r s i t i e sb ed i r e c t l yi n v o l v e di nE x t e n s i o ne d u c a t i o no rs h o u l dt h e yp r e p a r e o rt r a i nt h o s ew h od o c a r r yo u tE x t e n s i o na c t i v i t i e s ? " I na d d i t i o n ,i n s t i t u t i o n s a r ei nc om p e t i t i o nf o rc l i e n t e l e ,i nc om p e t i t i o nf o rr e s o u r c e s ,i nc cm p e t i t i o n f o rt r a i n e dp e r s o n n e l . F rom t h ep e r s p e c t i v eo ft h el e a r n e ro rt h econs ~er o fE x t e n s i o ne d u c a t i o n , t h i si n c r e a s e di n v o l v em e n to fv a r i e di n s t i t u t i o n sh a sg e n e r a l l yf a v o r a b l e c o n s e q u e n c e s . T h el e a r n e ri sg i v e ni n c r e a s e dv a r i e t yo fa . l t e r n a t i v e sp r o v i d i n g a d d i t i o n a la c c e s s ,c o n t i n u i t y , and comp r eh en s iv en e s so fE x t e n s i o no f f e r i n g s . A t t h es am et im e ,t h el e a r n e ri sc o n f r o n t e dw i t hq u e s t i o n so fq u a l i t yand w i t hc o n s i d e r a t i o n so fc o s t . Fo r my r em a rk st h i smo rn ing , Ih av e cho s enn o tt oe x p l o r et h e s ei s s u e sf rom t h ei n s t i t u t i o n a lp e r s p e c t i v e . Th e r ea r ee x p e r t sh e r ewho c o u l ddo t h a tmu ch mo r e c om p e t e n t l yt h a nI .M o r e im p o r t a n t l y ,I s e n s et h a t ,a se d u c a t o r s ,w e s h o u l da l lb yn owb ef a rb eyond t h ep h a s eo fs emm a t i c s . Af ewy e a r s ago w e w e r eb e l a b o r i n gt h eb o u n d a r i e so ft h ev a r i o u si n s t i t u t i o n a lu n i t si n v o l v e d i nE x t e n s i o ne d u c a t i o n . Th en w et a l k e dabou ta d u l te d u c a t i o n ,e v e n i n gc o l l e g e , �5 C o o p e r a t i v eE x t e n s i o n ,u n i v e r s i t yE x t e n s i o n ,c o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o n , andw e a rgu ed e n d l e s s l yo v e ra l lo ft h es u b t l enu an c e s wh i ch t h o s ed e s i g n a t i o n s s e em ed t oc a r r y . Now ,w e a r esom ewh a ts im i l a r l yi n v o l v e di nd e b a t i n gt h ed i s t i n c t i o n sb e tw e en n o n t r a d i t i o n a ls t u d i e s ,l i f e l o n gl e a r n i n g ,u n i v e r s i t i e sw i t h o u tw a l l s , op en u n i v e r s i t i e s , comp e t ency -ba s e de d u c a t i o n , ande x t e r u a ld e g r e e s . Too mu ch en e rgy h a sa l r e a d yb e en s p e n ton i n s t i t u t i o n a lw a r f a r e . I nt h ef u t u r e ,t h e s u c c e s s o ft h o s ei n v o l v e di nE x t e n s i o ne d u c a t i o n -w h e t h e rt h e yb el a n d g r a n t u n i v e r s i t i e so ro t h e r s ,w i l lb ed e t e rm in edmo r e by t h epow e ro ft h ei d e at h a n by t h e pow e ro ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n . IV . Fo ro u rb r i e fp r e d i s c u s s i o nc o n s i d e r a t i o n ,Is u g g e s tt h e s ep o i n t so fr e f e r e n c e : A . We a r ea l e a r n i n gs o c i e t y . Ch an ,g ei son eo ft h emo s t p e r v a s iv ec h a r a c t e r i s t i c so fo u rt im e s . We h av e com et or e c o g n i z et h ev i t a lr o l eo~ l e a r n i n gi na c c om p l i s h i n gand a c commod a t ingt och ang e . B . L e a rn ing i sf o rl i f e ,i na l li t sa s p e c t s . E d u c a t i o ni se s s e n t i a lf o ra l l t h ev a r i o u sr o l e so ft h ei n d i v i d u a l : f o ro c c u p a t i o n a lp r o f i c i e n c y , wh e th e ri nt h et r a d e s ,t h ep r o f e s s i o n s , o rwh a th av e you ; f o rc i v i ccomp e t en c ei nf u l f i l l i n gd emo c r a t i cc i t i z e n s h i pr e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s ; -f o rf am i l yr o l e sandr e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s ; -f o ra v o c a t i o n a li n t e r e s t s ; f o rs e l f f u l f i l lm e n tg o a l si nan i n c r e a s i n g l ycomp l exw o r l d . C . L e a rn ing i sl i f e l o n g ,f romt h ec r a d l et h r o u g ht h etw i l i g h ty e a r s ,i nmy r i ad fo rm sand circ~stances I t ' st h i sl i f e l o n gd im en s ion o fl e a r n i n gt owh i ch i n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g h e re d u c a t i o nh av e foundi t mo s t d i f f i c u l tt oa c commod a t e . �6 Education--in this instance, higher education--has a special place in our democratic society. Universities (I use the term here to include all institutions of higher education--two year, four-year, graduate, public, private) are conceived in our society as knowledge resource centers, ¥ith responsibilities in teaching, research, and service or Extension. Typically, the teaching function of the university is defined too narro,fly, usually relating essentially to students in residence, young in age, and in degree-oriented programs of study. If universities are to fulfill their educational potential in serving the needs and goals of society, they ~ust define the teac~ing function more creatively, away from the traditional classifications of teaching, research, and Extension and incorporating "Ext ens i on" as a part of "t.each i ng , II in diverse settings \ri th varied student groups. This leads us to the concept of Extension in its broade3t conceptual construct. I realize that there are many forces which must be confronted. These include such realities as the financial considerations of funding higher education, usually involving some fonnula related to full-time equivalent enrollment; the constraints of self-created systems of acc?editation and credentialing; the frequent discomfiture of the faculty in dealing ~ith other than captive, post- adolescent students; and the reluctance of decision makers within the institution and beyond to condone non-traditional approaches to reaching educational objectives. But I also sense a readiness today in academia--and on the part of learners-to consider, explore, test new concepts and approaches. This readiness is evident in such developments as the Carnegie Commission's report, IILess Time, More Options"; the Newman Report; the Commission on Non-Traditional Studies; and widespread interest in such ideas as the open university, the external degree, and a university without walls. �7 And sot h et im es e em sr i g h t f o ra v a r i e t yo fr e a s o n s f o ryou a sl e a d e r s i nE x t e n s i o nt op r o v i d ee s s e n t i a ll e a d e r s h i pf o rinno ati~ns i nt h et e a c h i n g p rog r am so fyou ri n s t i t u t i o n s .A sa s ym p a t h e t i cb u t som ewh a tc r i t i c a lo b s e r v e r , i t wou ld a p p e a rt h a tt o oo f t e nt h o s ew i t hr e s p o n s i b i l i t i e si na d u l te d u c a t i o n , c o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o n , i l l l i v e r s i t yE x t e n s i o n ,o rc a l li t wh a t youw i l l ,h av e d r i f t e di nt h ea c ad em i cm i l i e u , s l i g h t l ya p a r tf romt h em a in s t r e am g e n e r a l l y l i t t l ei n f l u e n c e dby and l i t t l ei n f l u e n c i n gt h ec u r r e n to ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n ' s c o u r s e p r o n et os h i f tr e s p o n s i b i l i t yt osom em y s t i c anda l l e g e d l yd i s i n t e r e s t e d t h i r dp a r t y : " I fo n l yt h e yu n d e r s t o o d. . . "o r" I ft h e yj u s tg av eu st h emon ey. . . " Bu t t h i sv a cuou ss i t u a t i o n ,t owh a t ev e re x t e n ti t m ay e x i s t ,c anno l o n g e rb e p e rm i t t e dbyyou andyou r profession~ p e e r s ,f e rt h el o to fc o n t i n u i n gedu c a t i o n l i e sw i t ht h el o to fa l lh i g h e re d u c a t i o n . And h i g h e re d u c a t i o ni sc r y i n g f o r t h ew i sdom , i n s i g h t ,c r e a t i v i t yo fa l li t sp e o p l e ,t ore~apture p u b l i c c o n f i d e n c e'andt or e g a i ni n t e r r u p t e dmom en tum . v . A lookahead: L e tm es h a r ew i t h you nowwh a tt om ea sa f o u n d a t i o ne x e c u t i v es e emt ob e c e r t a i nc h a l l e n g e si nc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nf o rt h ef u t u r e . Founda t i o n s ,by t h e i rn a t u r e and comm i tm en t ,t e n dt ob ec J n c e r n e dw i t hi n n o v a t i o n s ,e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n , p i o n e e r i n ge f f o r t s . We h av e a som ewh a tun iqu eo p p o r t u n i t yo fb e i n g ap a r to fs i g n i f i c a n td ev e lopme n t si ne d u c a t i o nandy e t be i n gsom ewh a ta p a r t f rom . H o p e f u l l y , t h i sp e r s p e c t i v ew i l lb eh e l p f u lt oyou i ny o u rd e l i b e r a t i o n s h e r e . Am o n gt h ec h a l l e n g e swou ld s e emt ob et h ef o l l ow i n g : 1 . C r e a t i v i t yi ni n s t i t u t i o n a l i z i n gt h econ c ep to fc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o n . No i n s t i t u t i o no fh i g h e re d u c a t i o nh a sr e a l l ya c c e p t e dt h ef u l lim p l i c a t i o n s o ft h econ c ep to fl i f e l o n gl e a r n i n g( ap o s s i b l ee x c e p t i o ni sM a r y l h u r s t E d u c a t i o n a lC en t e ri nO r egon , f o rm e r l yM a r y l h u r s t C o l l e g e ) and don e som e th ing �8 abou ti t i nt e rm so ft h eo r g a n i z a t i o n a lc h a r to ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n ,t h e p a t t e r n so ff i n a n c i n g ,t h er ew a rdsy s t emf o rf a c u l t y ,f u n c t i o n a la c t i v i t i e sandr e l a t i o n s o i p sw i t h i nt h ei n s t i t u t i o nandw i t ho r g a n i z a t i o n sb eyond . I ti st r u et h a tw eh av e ex amp l e so fe f f o r t si nt h i sd i r e c t i o n (Ou rh o s t i n s t i t u t i o n ,t h eU n i v e r s i t yo fW i s con s in , i sc e r t a i n l ya s t e l l a rex amp l e . ) b u t t h e ya r ef r agm en t a ryand i n c om p l e t e . We do i n d e e dn e ed comp r eh en s iv e mod e l s o fwh a tm igh tb ed e s c r i b e da sa c o n t i n u i n ge d u c a tion un iv e r s i t y . To quo t eP r e s i d e n t Wh a r ton o fM i ch ig an S t a t eU n i v eT s i t y : "L i f e l o n gedu c a - t i o ni sa f a c e to ft h ee d u c a t i o n a le n t e r p r i s ewh i ch h a sb e en d i s c u s s e df o r y e a r sb u t no s i n g l ei n s t i t u t i o nh a se v e rm ad e t h ei n t e l l e c t u a . li n v e s tm e n t n e c e s s a r yt oe f f e c t i v e l yi n t e g r a t et h i sf u n c t i o ni n t ot h eu n i v e r s i t y s t r u c t u r e . " We n e edmo r e su cham b i t i o u s and comp r eh en s iv ei n s t i t u t i o n a le f f o r t s a tt h e u n d e r g r a d u a t el e v e l ,i ng r a d u a t es c h o o l ,w i t ha l um n i ,i nc o r r e c t i n gp rob l em s o fknow l edg eo b s o l e s c e n c e and c o n t r i b u t i n gt ot h er en ew a lo fi n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l . 2 . C r e a t i v i t yi np r o b l em o r i e n t e dp rog r am s ,i na d d i t i o nt ot h emo r e t r a d i t i o n a l d i s c i p l i n e o r i e n t e dapp ro a ch . Mo s t p rob l em s wh i ch con c e rno u rs o c i e t ya r ecomp l ex ,i n t e r r e l a t e d ,m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y ,d i f f u s e ; on t h ec o n t r a r y ,t h es o l u t i o n sw ec o n t r i v ea r eu s u a l l y h i g h l ys p e c i f i c ,p r o s c r i b e d ,s im p l i s t i c . T I l i s dichotor~ b e tw e en t h en a t u r e o fp rob l em s ands o l u t i o n si sa m a jo r s o u r c eo ff r u s t r a t i o nand f a i l u r e . A s ex amp l e s ,c o n s i d e rou r con c e rn sw i t hh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r y ,w i t ht h ev i a b i l i t y o f ou rl o c a lp o l i t i c a li n s t i t u t i o n s ,w i t ht h ee f f i c a c yo fe l em e n t a r y s e c o n d a r y �9 education, with the family as the basic social institution. Extension resources from throughout the university must be mobilized to deal in a comprehensive and adequate way with such issues. 3. Creativity in work with the inforffial network of continuing education organizations. Here I mean voluntary agencies, service organizations, community institutions such as libra:d.es, museums, art centers, churches. While it's true that continuing education activities of universities customarily include contacts with such entities as these, such interrelationships are neither as systematic nor as comprehensive as they should be. 4. Creativity in developinG linkages between the formal (traditional undergraduate and graduate) and informal teaching programs. Usually these teaching activi- ties at the university exist side by side with virtually no interaction. Again, there are encouraging exceptions. (Where are colleges of agriculture and of home economics in non-traditional studies and the competency-based concept of education? These are the only colleges with faculty members in virtually every county of the country, with the potential of serving learners in new ways, including the external degree. economics that have addressed this question. image and na~e change than with innovation. I know of no colleges of home They seem more concerned .nth Why not an associate degree in home economics, incorporating home study, competency-based credits, and other innovative approaches? I know of only one college of agriculture which is experimenting with this approach. With food as one of the most pressing of hlMan concerns in the world and with a growing recognition of the need for enlightened rural leadership, this systematic approach would seem to have tremendous potential.) �10 5 . C r e a t i v i t yi ni n t e r i n s t i t u t i o n a la r r a n gem en t s , imp ly ingc o o r d i n a t i o n and c o o p e r a t i o n . I n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g he re d u c a t i o nmu s t b el e s su n i l a t e r a l i nt h e i re d u c a t i o n a la c t i v i t i e s . S o c i e t yw i l l no l o n g e rt o l e r a t e t h ea p p a r e n ti n e f f i c i e n c i e so fm u l t i p l e , d u p l i c a t i v ee f f o r t s . B e t t e r an sw e r s mu s tb ed em o n s t r a t e di nt h er o l e sandr e l a t i o n s h i p so fu n i v e r s i t i e s ,f o u r y e a rc o l l e g e s , commun i ty co l l e g e s p u b l i c andp r i v a t e i n m e e t i n ge d u c a t i o n a lg o a l s . 6 . C r e a t i v i t yi ni d e n t i f y i n gs p e c i f i cta r g e ta u d i e n c e si nv a r i o u ss e t t i n g s . W i th som ea u d i e n c e s , ex emp l a ry e f f o r ti nc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nc anb e c i t e d ;o t h e ra u d i e n c e sa r ev i r t u a l l yo ra b s o l u t e l yu n r e a c h e d . No~one wou ld a d v o c a t et h a ta u n i v e r s i t ys h o u l db ea . l lt h i n g st oa l lp e o p l e . Bu ts h o u l dn o ti n s t i t u t i o n so fhi~her e d u c a t i o nb e ch a rg edw i t h s t r e n g t h e n i n ga l lo fe d u c a t i o n -w i t hc r e a t i n gn ew i n s t i t u t i o n a lfo rm s i f t h e ya r en e ed ed ,n u r t u r i n gth em ,p r e p a r i n gp e r s o n n e l ,e a uat~ng t h e i re f f e c t i v e n e s s ,andd e v e l o p i n gm o d i f i c a t i o n s t h a tt h ee d u c a t i o n a l n e ed sm ay b eb e t t e rm e t ? 7 . C r e a t i v i t yi nt h eu s eo fn ew t e c h no logy j nl e a r n i n g . M u c h h a sb e enm ad e o fn ewh a rdw a r e and s o f tw a r ea v a i l a b l ef o rt e a c h i n g . Mo s t im p r e s s i v e ex amp l e so fe x p e r im e n t a le f f o r t sc anb ec i t e d . Bu tc h a r a c t e r i s t i c a l l y , ev eni nE x t e n s i o n ,t e a c h i n gt e n d st ob e mo r e o ft h es am eo l dt h i n g . Th e c h a l l e n g ei nt h eu t i l i z a t i o no fn ew t e c h n o l o g ya p p e a r st ol i ew i t ht h e hum an e l em e n t . V I . Ap e r v a s i v e con c e rn : A . A sa s o c i e t yw eh av eb u i l t& g r e a ti n d u s t r ya roundt h econ c ep to fe s t a t e p l a n n i n g . Ap r e c o n d i t i o nf o rt h ei p e en~ation o ft h ee l a b o r a t es ch em e e s i g n Imu s t d i e . w ed �11 B . Why n o t a comp r eh en s iv e app ro a c r -t ob u i l d i n gan i n d i v i d u a lp l a nf o r l i f e l o n gl e a r n i n gand g row th 1 . R e f l e c t i n gt h el a t e s tc o n c e p t so ft h es t a g e so fa d u l td ev e lopm en t ; 2 . I n c o r p o r a t i n gmy p e r s o n a lv a l u e s and g o a l s ; and 3 . R e p r e s e n t i n g at o t a l l ycomp r eh en s iv eandr e f r e s h i n g l yn ewa c commod a t ion o f i n s t i t u t i o n st ot h ei n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p sb e tw e en -wo rk ( p r o f e s s i o n ,c a r e e r ) , -f am i l y , -l e i s u r e ,and -l e a r n i n g . V I I . H e a l t hc a r e sy s t em sa r ed e s i g n e dt ot h econv en i en c eo ft h ep r o f e s s i o n a ls t a f f ; e d u c a t i o n a lsy s t em so p e r a t ef o rt h econv en i en c eo ft h ef a c u l t y . Bo th w i l l c h a n g e a n dd r am a t i c a l l y i nt h ey e a r s i~ediate ~ ah e ad . o p t im i s t i cp e r c e p t i o no fE x t e n s i o nf o rt h ef u t u r ei sb a s e dontwo u n d e r g i r d i n gp r em i s e s : 1 . T h a ti n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g h e r edu c a ti .on,i nf a c t ,w an tt om ax i rn i . ze t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n st ol i f e l o n gl e a r n i n gr a t h e rt h a np e r s e v e r ei nt r a d i t i o n andt h es t a t u squo . Th ee v i d e n c ei sen cou r ag ing ( a tl a s t )t h a tt h i s m ay b et h ec a s e . Ag l a n c et ot h eh e a l t hc a r ef i e l ds h o u l db es u f f i c i e n t m o t i v a t i o n . Un l e s s c r e a t i v el e a d e r s h i pcom e sf romw i t h i nt h es t r u c t u r e s o fe d u c a t i o n ,o t h e r s( u s u a l l yi nl e g i s l a t i v : ec i r c l e s )w i l lb ep romp t ed o rf o r c e dt od e s i g nt h eb l u e p r i n t andl a yt h efo rm s . 2 . Th a tl e a d e r s h i pi nm e e t i n gt h ec h a l l e n g eo fl i f e l o n gl e a r n i n gw i l l com e f romt h o s ee x p e r i e n c e di nE x t e n s i o n ap a r to ft h ea c ad em i c commun i ty o f t e nt o omod e s t , t o oh e s i t a n tandd e f e r r i n g ,t o op ron et op rog r am �12 l o g i s t i c s ,t o ol i t t l e i n c l i n e dt os e e kt h ec e n t e ro ft h ea c ad em i c a r e n a . I twou ld a p p e a rt h a ta c o n s t r u c t i v e l ya g g r e s s i v est a n c ei s a p p r o p r i a t ef o ra d u l te d u c a t o r s , mov ing fo rw a rdw i t hn o ta p l e af o r fund sb u t ap rog r am f o ra c t i o n p r om p t i n gf a cQ l t yc o l l e a g u e s , con v i n c i n ga dm i n i s t r a t i v el e a d e r s ,e d u c a t i n gd e c i s i o nm ak e r s w i t h i n t h ef r am ewo rko ft h ea c ad em i cp r o c e s st ot h eu rg en cy o fi n n o v a t i o n s t ot r a n s f o rmt h econ c ep to fc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nt or e a l i t y . V I I I . I nc l o s i n g W e l l , I ' v en o ts a i dmu ch t h a t ' sn ew . Th ep rob l emi nE x t e n s i o n( a si nmo s t a r e a s o fh u . r r : a n end e avo r )i st h a t ,wh en a l li ss a i dand don e , mo r e i ss a . idt h a ndon e : . u ti ti nmy boyhood v o c a b u l a r y , "W e know howt of a rma who l el o tb e t t e r To p t h a nw e ' r ef a rm ing .a Ho s to ft h er e q u e s t so u r Found a t ion r e c e i v e di nt h i s f i e l dh av e goa ls o ff i n d i n go u tmo r e abou tap rob l em ,o fc om p l e t i n ga n o t h e r s t u d ya sa b a s i sf o rp o s s i b l ea c t i o n ,r a t h e rt h a nr e a l l ydo ing som e th ingabou t i t ,b a s e dupon t h ew e a l t ho fknow l edg e and e x p e r i e n c ec u r r e n t l ya v a i l a b l et o u s . W i th r e f e r e n c e ,t h e r e f o r e ,t oa s y s t em a t i cimp l em en t a c ; iono ft h econ c ep to f l i f e l o n gl e a r n i n g t h en e ed sa r ea p p a r e n t ,w eh av et h eknow -how f o rs u b s t a n t i a l p r o g r e s s ,w en e ed o n l yg e t on w i t hi t ! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1976-07-02_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The Increasing Involvement of Non-Land Grant Institutions and Governmental Agencies In Doing Extension Work: Implications Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given July 2, 1976 for the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Fellows of the National Agricultural Extension Center for Advanced Study Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-07-02 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/db33f8fb73cdddce433b4229fb3622ee.pdf 418fea314051747bba98f024b25513f2 PDF Text Text Notes from Keynote Address 40th Anniversar y Confer ence IFYE Associat ion July 14, 1988 \ _ .- j - ... ~ Topeka, Kansas .... c:1: 1 \.J u / <j f' ( , + - ·t\ ,~ I �, 1 --h a . / ' ~ �. } '''' ) J 1 �." r -( .I ,I t • , �{ - r I ( ) I I 'J �June ,1 98 8 Ed A it o n sO .m ~ ABO UT THE FUTUR EO F COO P .EXTEN S IO N -4 H t e r n ati o n a l~ P rog ram sf o r Y o u th In I Pu rpos e F o r t yy e ar sag oth e Int e r n a ti o n al F a rmYou th E xchange ( IFYE ) a n dr e l a teds tudy p r o g r ams f o ryoun gp eo p le g r ewo u to f a se to f p o s t wo r ld w a r II need so f ou rd emo c rat i c ,U .S .so ci e t y .T hese n e ed s eb comp a s s ed twob r o a d ca tego rie s: Fi r s t , t hein di v idu al, educ a t i o na lan d dev e lopm en ta l need so f yout hin an ew an d changi n g ~ h or f u zon¢ o f know ledge f o ro u rc it i zen ry (e spec ia llytheru r a l ~ w a s an v e. im pe ra ti ~ , a sAme r ica eme rgedfrom W WII w eaccep ted a cha l l e n ge o f lea d e r sh ipfo r who l e sa l eand a lmos t w o rld -w ide e con omic and c i v ic ~ T he re w as a p er v a s i v eneed fo r leade rs and fo r· suppo r t sys tem sina l l asp ec ts o f w o rlda f fa i rs . ~ 1 946 , the na t i o na l4 -H(an d ~ P o s t- W a rP lan n ing Re p o r t (The T en G u idep o stsP rog r am) add re ss e dt h e sen e ed sw it h twom a jo rr e c omm end ati o n s fo r ac t i onin t h ewo r l d th e a t re: S er v i na s Ci t i zens i na C hang ing W o rld Wo rk inRT og e t h e r (as n a t i o n s)toMai n ta in W o rldP e ac e d sub s equ en tp r o g r a m s we r e ju s ti f ie d, f u n ded ,p r om o ted IFYEan and ~ w i t hs t ro ng e mph a si so nb o th o f thes eneed s and p u r po s e s. P a r t ic ip an ts f r omthe U .S.A .w e rere c ru ited , o r i e n t e d and p r og r amm e d tow a rdco mm it t m en tsto bo t h pu rpo se s. ee a r l yo na dm in is t r a t o rs and s ta f fleade r s M any o ft h wi l l te s ti f yt h a ti t wa st h ew id e s p r e adreco gn itio n and e me n tw i t h the setwobas ic purpo se s th at b r ough tm a jor ag re ~ a nd s u p p o r t fromfounda tio n s,firm s,D e pa r tm en to fS ta t e, I n t e r n a t ion al C o o pe r a ti o nA dm .,Th eS ta te an dF ed e r al Ex ten s i on S e r v ic e and coop e r atio ngcoun tri e s. The p rog ram s w e re succe ssf u lbyany m e a su re . II ~ T im e s and N eed s Bu t no th eC o o.E x ten s io nS er v i c ef o rese es ch ange s,a l o n g hou rd om e st i ce co n om y and cul t u re .A lsothe w or l ds i tu ation s w it e ch an g edbu tn o ta lt o g e t h e r . hav The e d u c a ti o n a land d eve l opm e n t a lneed so f yo u th have chan g ed i nth eir in ten s itie sbu tn o ti ns u b s t anc e .The ir ne ed s f o r ac tiv itie s, in fo rm a tio nan d oppo r tun itie s top r e p a re and to se r v ep r oduc tive ly a r eg rea te rth an e v er. Th e app rop ria tene ss o f In te r n a t i on al E duca ti o nP rog ram s f o ryou th i st i m e ly ,uni v er s a l an d ~ S o m uc hf o rthefirs tm aj o rn e ed and pu rpo se . EDUCATION ISTH E PRO CESS OF INFOR M ING PEOPLE ABOUT THE PR OGR ESS O F PAST GENERATION S AND PREPARINGTH EM( u s )fo r PRO DUC T IV E L IV ING AND SERV ING INT HE SO C IETY THEY ENTER . , �2 - I I IS o c it a l N e ed s You t Ina d d i t i o nt ot h e bas i ci n d iv idu a l co mmunic a tio n s sk il l s o u r o r l d c o n sci o u se c o n omyandso ci e t yneed,le ade rs and c i t i z en J wh po sses sh i g h er l e v e l so ft a len t re la tedt o : Tr ad eand Comm er e ~ , C on s e r v a t i o n ,H e a l th an dS ur v iv a l G eog r aphy,H i s t o r yand C u l tur a lA n th ropo lo g y H u n g er ,Pov e r t yand F o o d P e a c e and I n t e r r e l a t e dne ss e c en t Tr e nd sin 4 -HI n t e r n a t i o na lP rogr a m s IVR ~ and in te rm itten to b s e r v a ti o n so f IF YE and o th er s ionI n t e r n a t i o na lP ro gr a m s ov erthe p as t2 5y e a r sin E x ten A s i a ,Eu ropeand ~ U .S .A . l e a dm etono t ese v er a ltrend s.Th e se t i n gt oth e secon dm a jo r pu rpo e need so f so c ie t y . I a re la I . I n t r o du cti o no ft h e4 -H Y o u n g Am b ass a dor sp ro g r amha sb ro ugh t ~ y ounger , h i g hschoo lg roup o f you th t oth e ad ven tu re so f f o r e i g nt r a v e l. T h et o u r sar ea r r a ng ed an dfin an c ed p r im a r il y byt h es ta te s .W h e n t h i si sm ad e a groupexpe r ience w i th t a l e n t e dan ds en s i t i v elead e r sh ipm any p o s itive v alue sr e su l t. l f dev el o pmen ti sen h an c ed ifth ep rog r am s tre s se s Ind iv idu a l ,se l t u r a lo p p o r t u n i ti s.K now le dg eo fg eo g r aphyis assu r e d . n te r-cu Two lim ita t io n sa r eapp a r e n t .L a nguag el im it sthetr ip st o o u rcl o s e s tw o rl dfr i end shi p s .S t a t es ta f f s becom esoen th u s i a s tic abou tt h e s ein sp ir ingt r i p st h a tp rogr am s hav ing m o re d ep th l o s et h e irapp e a l . 2 . IFYEl i k e w i se h a strendedtow a rd anind ivi d u a ltr a ve l adv en t u r e .W e not eo n ly afewr e fe ren c e sinth ep l a nningand p r om o tion a l lite r a tu re m e n t i o ni n gso c ie t a l go a lso rpu rpo s es. r e n dw a so be r v a bl eamo n gthe 3 2 0p a r t i c ip a n ts f r om 32 T h is t c o u n t r i e sw h ow er eina t t end an c ea ttheF i f t h WorldIF YE C o nf e r e n ce , Ju l y,1 9 8 7 . 3 . Na t ion al fund i ng and th e rsuppo r tf o rt h eIFY Ep ro g r amis e rod ing nthe U .S .A .M aj o rg r a nt sandsuppo r tf r omfo und at i on s, P e a c e Co rp s ,U .S .A idan d busi n e ss i n te re s tsw e re animpo r t an t symbo lo fe n do r sem e n t bu t now appea rtobe m i n im al. C a nt h i strendb e re l a tedtoc hange sinthe p rog r am? D o e sIFYEap pe a rtobele ssr e lQ ve n t fo rtheworldo f t o d a yinth e eye so ft h e o rk ingIn tern a tio n a lcommun i ty ? H a st h e r eoc c n r r e da pol i c y sh if ti nE x ten s io n ? H a sthe E x ten s· o nfam ilyandth eN a t io n a l4 -H C o unc il n t e r e s t in e du c at i o ntow a r dso c ie ta l pu r po se s? lo s ti H av ep r i o r i t ie san d fund i ng d is tr ibu tio n sb een m o ved fromin t e r n a tio n a lth do m es ticta r g et s ?If so,w hy? �-3 4. I tapp e a r st h a t sp ec i a l l yta i lo re d , techn i c a l ly o r ie n ted p r o j e c t sw i th t h ird w old co un t r i e sh aved im in i sh e di n numb e r .T r a d itio n al l yth e s w e r e so ph is to c a ted i npur p o se and i n clud ed o n lycol l e g e ag e yo u t ho ro lde r.T he p ro jec ts w e r e exp en s iv e.Th e yr equ ir edin ten s ives ta f fa t ten t i m n and con s t a n ts o l i c i t a t i o no f sp o n so rsh ip . Som ew e r es im i la r e a c e Corp sp r og rnm s bu tm inu sth e gov e rnm en ta l po licy t P and fund ingf a c t o rs. Ou t s id e fUnd i ng ap p e arstoh ave d r ied up . b j ec t i v e ev al u a tion o f recen tp r og r am sis no t ava ilabl e O t ome .Bu tin tim a t eknow l edg eo ft h e 1951 -52 O p enH o us e p rog r ampl u ss taf fcomm en t abou to th e r sle ad m etofe e l t h a tph a s ing ou tt h e s e ef f or t sh asle f t as ign if i c an tv oi d i n0 r I n t e r n a t i o n a ls e r v ice s.A ndI ~ th a ti t be com e sev e rh ar d e rtomarke t theto ta l4 -HEx t en sionIn te rn a ti o n a lp rog r ama sare s u l t. , i t m aybesa id ~ thelacko fanadv anc ed o r Ind eed g r adu a t e com po nen t in t h e po r tfo lioan dth e pub lic eye h a s dOY f f i g r a d e d theapp e a ltotheleve lo f co mno np lac e t r a ve l,among m aj o rdo n az-s,suppo r t e rs andwo r -Ld l e ad e rs•. ajo r po r t i o no fthes ' o c le ta l and educat i o na Iu n iqu ene ss Am ,once p r e s e n ti nt h e4 -HIn ter n a t io n a lm o vem en t i sm is s ing . YE p r eced e d , p i o ne e r edandbec am ea p ro tot y p efo rt h e IF much -v aun t e dU .S .P e ace Corp s . V .T h e r e To ? W h a t Now? H ow ? If arejuv e n a t i o nand exp an si o ni sn e ed edand de s i r edfo rthe E xt e n s i o n -4 HIn t e r n a t l o n 81 p rog r ams h e rea reafewthou e h t s: as ic p u rpo se sis a f i r s tp ri o r i t y . I.R e e x am in a tio no fb 2 . Ann u n c i a t i o no fN ati o n a lEx t en s ion Po l icy ~ p ur p o ses , g o a l sand commi t tm e n t sshou ld be c l e a r and unequ ivac a l. mmi t tmen t to pu rpo ses , p o l i c i e s an d go a lsbu s tb e sO lic i ted 3 .Co and r e c e i v ed i t h i nt h eC oop .Ex t en sio nf a m il y . B. En l is tm e n to fi n te r e s t andsup po r tf romthe N a t ion a l A ssn . o f4 -H Ag en t swoul dbe he lpfu l. 5 .D evel o pa f i v ey e a rp lantoa ttr a c t the i n te r e s t and r to fa tl e a s to ne p r om inen t le ade r and o rg an iz a tio n suppo f o re a ch o ft h ef ivep ro gr a ma r e a sp r opo sed unde r II I , abo ve . Fo r ex amp le,bu tn o t lim i t e dto ' a d e an dC omm er c e --R o cke fe lle r In t'l D eve l o pmen tF u nd Tr Re so u r ce s,Co n se tio n ,H e a l thand ~ B ro and Wor l dW a tchI n stit u t e G eog r ap hy ,H is tD ryand Cu lt u r a l ~ G eog r aph i o So ci e t y ~ nd Food --Se c r e t a r yo f Agr icu lt u re P e acean dIn te r-re lat e d n e s s -P re s. J irnmy C a r t e r 6 .En g ag et h e s ep eop le /o rg aniz a tio n sa sanad v i s o r yand sp o n so rs g ro p .P lanac tiv it i e s,p ro g r a m s and s tr a t e g ie s. 7 . Ma rk e tt h ep ro gr a m s aggr e s s i ve ly . �-4 8 . S e ri o u s l yc on si d e r afo u r t hP h ase o fIFY Ea tt h egr a du a te le v el, i n c l ud ing : An in t e n s i v ei n t a r n a t i o n a l expe r i e nc eo fa y e a r . Ascho la rsh ip -suppor t e d ~ l e v e lc u r r icu lum h ef i v es u bj e c ta re as a tth em ast e rs leve l . int Areco g n ized ~ sh ou ld be app r o ache d ,su ch a s ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ i r sC en te r--i Mnn. a : « . ( ;4 ~~ I fI i , ac c -{l "11 u 1' P lac em e n to fg r a d u a t e e . ow sIn x ten s io ns t a f f swi t h e n tt oa s si s tt h ee duc a tio na lph a se so f ac ommittm E x t e n s io n4 -Hando t h e rp ro gr a m s i nt h a ts t a t e . �) �-7or working with others; others will choose opportunities in the public sector working / or governmental agencies at local, sta t e , or natio al levels; still others will elect to contin L ca demi c l ife, in re s arch, teaching, or public servia • Whatever route you choose, shakers and briefly three s U mes into some perspec tive :._ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - Each of us has stashed away in memory certain lines -- of poetry, from literature, passages from the Bible -- which have special meaning to us. One such which frequently recurs to me are these lines from Edna St. Vincent Millay - �-8The world stands out on either side No wider than the heart is wide Above the world is stretched the sky,-No higher than the soul is high. The heart can push the sea and land Farther away on either hand; The soul can split the sky in two, And let the face of God shine thru. But East and West will pinch the heart That cannot keep them pushed apart; And he whose soul is flat -- the sky Will cave in on him by and by. The world stands out -- no wider than the heart is wide. Any reasonable person who reflects thoughtfully on today and tomorrow -- on where mankind is and where we're going -- finds the prospect sobering. Recently I read a disturbingly pessimistic -- but perhaps distressingly realistic -- book, An Inquiry Into the Human Prospect, by Robert L. Heilbroner. Heilbroner suggests that three issues above all others shape the current human predicament. These can be summarized in three words: war. population, environment, �I 9 I twou ld b en i c ei ft h e s ew e r es im p l e ,t i d yi s s u e st h a tw e cou ld d e a lw i t hf o r c e f u l l yand d i r e c t l y . Bu tw e imm ed i a t e lys e et h a t th eya r en o ts imp l eand n e a t ;t h e ya r ecomp l ex , con found ingand compound ing , comp r eh en s iv e ,i n t e r r e l a t e d . On eo ft h ed i l emm a s o ft h ehum an c o n d i t i o ni st h a tt h ep rob l em s wh i ch con c e rnu sa r e - d i f f u s e , comp l ex ,p e rm e a t ing ,m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y , V Th ink o f any c u r r e n ti s s u eo fm a jo rs i g n i f i c a n c e-foodsa pp ly,• p o l± l i t1on , hea l t n , ~ ~~ en e ~, t r a n spo r ta tion , a t i o n ,i n t e r n a t i o n a lt r a d e ,t h ej u d i c i a lsy s t em ,r u r a l ed c ~ ~ lfe ,i n f l a t l o n, ~ , • • p eace . S imu l t an eou s ly , , t h es o l u t i o n sd e v i s e d by m ana r eu s u a l l ys p e c i f i c ,s im p l i s t i c , s p e c i a l i z e d ,n a r row ly b a s ed . Thu s , as e r i o u sd i s c o n t i n u i t ye x i s t s b e tw e en t h en a t u r eo ft h ep rob l em s wh i ch c o n f r o n tu s and t h e s o l u t i o n swh i ch w ec o n t r i v ef o rd e a l i n gw i t h th em . I ' l l n o te l a b o r a t eon t h e s et h r e ei s s u e s ,s imp lyr em indyou o f th em : • �1 0 P o p u l a t i o n-a r e a l i z a t i o nt h a tt h eg row th o f hum an p o p u l a t i o ni st h ep r i n c i p a land mo s t comp e l l ing t h r e a t tot h es u r v i v a lo f j ) . ~ (m an ) ; Env i ronm en t-a g row ing a p p r e c i a t i o nf o rt h ef r a g i l i t yo f t h er e l a t i o n s h i p sw i t h i nt h ee a r t h ' senv i ronm en t a l m i l i e u , w i t h an aw a r en e s so ft h em ind -bogg l ing con s equ en c e so f ou ra c t i o n s , impu l s iv eo rp r em e d i t a t e d ; and w i t h no b e t t e rr em ind e rt h a nth ewo rd sw r i t t e n 350 W a rey e a r s ago by JohnDonn "Nom s l a n d ,e n t i r eo an i sani fi t s e l f ;ev e rym an i e c eo i sa p ft h ec o n t i n e n t ,ap a r to ft h em a in ; ac l o db ew a sh ed aw ay by t h es e a , Eu i f rop ei s t h el e s s ,a sw e l la si f ap romon to ryw e r e , a s w e l la si fa m ano ro f thyf r i e n d so ro ft h i n eown w e r e ; anym an ' sd e a t hd im in i sh e sm e , b e c au s e I am invo lv edi nm ank ind ; and t h e r e f o r en ev e rs endt o knowf o rwhom t h eb e l lt o l l s ;i t t o l l sf o rt h e e . " No m a t t e r how w echoo s et oc l a s s i f ym an ' s con c e rn s ,o rf romwh a t v an t ag ep o i n tw ee l e c tt ov i ew th em ,u l t im a t e l yi t b e com e sc l e a r t h a t t h eq u a l i t yo fl i f ef o rou rg e n e r a t i o nand t h o s et of o l l oww i l l b ed e t e rm in ed b a s i c a l l yby ou rp r o g r e s si nimp rov inghum an r e l a t i o n s h i p s . Fo r wh e th e rw et h i n ki nt e rm so ft h ef am i ly , ou r �-11 - hom ecommun i ty , ou rs t a t eo rn a t i o n ,o rt h ewo r ld n e ighbo rhood ,t h e p r im ed e t e rm i n a n to f wh a tl i f ew i l lb el i k ei nt h ey e a r s ah e ad w i l l b e a con s equ en c eo fm an ' s a b i l i t yt ol i v ei nh a rmony , on ew i t h a n o t h e r . And t h emo s t im p o r t a n td e c i s i o n sc o n f r o n t i n gu sw i l ln o t b ed ep end en t upon ou r bu rg eon ing t e chno logy ,bu ti n s t e a dw i l lb e v a l u e b a s e d and v a l u e l a d e n . Th e on ly hop ef o rc i v i l i z e ds o c i e t yi st h a tmod e rn m an w i l lb e mo r e s u c c e s s f u lth anh i sp r e d e c e s s o r si nd e a l i n gw i t h hum an a s p i r a t i o n s , mo r e th anm in e , ~ r e f l e c t i n gcon t empo r a ryv a l u e s . show ;p rom i s eo fh av ing t h i scomm i tm en t and c a p a c i t y . Bu t n o ty e t ~ Th er e a lt e s t i n gw i ll om i nt a n g i b l er e s p o n s e s a l t e r n a t i v e s-f o rex amp l e ,i nt h ele a d e r s h i pyou p rov id ei n p r e p a r i n gt h eAm e r i c an p e02 l et oa c c e p ta s t a t i co rd e c l i n i n g s t a n d a r do fl i v i n gi nt h ed e c ad e s imm ed i a t e lyah e ad , adop t ingan -hs J �r , ) • I �J <.f / I ( , .... J • Je' �{ , / J \ �J , f / J . �? , ~ ~ f2 -0 -.J~ ~, ~ ~ « _ ~ I-- . k ) . - ~ e:.---""t-""'"1' . . . - f . '1 J - I amo n l yo n e ,b u t I amo n e ; ~ . .. Ic a n l tdo e v e r y t h i n g ,b u tI c a n do s om e t h i n g ; And w h a t Ic a nd o , Io u g h tt od o ; And w h a t Io u g h tt od o , by t h eg r a c eo f God , Iw i l ld o . I fe a c ho fu sw i l l do -i no u rd i v e r s ew ay s a n dv a r i o u s r o l e s-w h a t w e c a n do a n do u g h tt odo t of u r t h e rw o r l d u n d e r s t a n d i n ga n dt h ehum an c o n d i t i o n ,w e w i l lh a v ed o n eo u r ~ ~~ ~~ b i tt of o s t e rt h eb e t t e rl i f eh i c ha l lp e o p l es e e k . f \ Godspeed in y ou r lm p o r t a n ci r r t e r n a t i o r r a lw o r k . ~ ~ ~~ WPC : 1 0 / 2 4 / 7 9 ,~ ~~ ~~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1988-07-14_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the IFYE Association 40th Anniversary Conference Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given July 14, 1988 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the 40th Anniversary Conference of the IFYE Association. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-07-14 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aa8fb685fcd56d91d2052cb482856eb5.pdf bf33ff7995ebc42acfd06fdd8b009de8 PDF Text Text "Philanthropy's Role for the Future of the Common Good" Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby Chairman, W. K. Kellogg Foundation 1990 Annual Conference of the Donors Forum of Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio October 26, 1990 I I am delighted to be here with you for this Conference for your Donors Forum. My thanks to Lance and Lynn for this privilege. Through the years I have come to know several of you through our mutual interests sessions participation r n regional and national meetings and at of our Council of Michigan Foundations. I welc ome the this opportunity now to become acquainted with more of you. I compliment your Carolyn privilege on the of committee under the excellence of your participating in the co-chairmanship of Har y Conference sessions agenda. yesterday I Lou and had the afternoon and enjoying the delightful evening and the splendid hospitality of your host committee at the Union Terminal. I was pleased at the membership meeting this morning to be able to join the "aye" votes since the W. K. Kellogg Foundation is a member of the Donors Forum. Mrs. Shirley D. Bowser of Williamsport is We became a member because a member of our Foundation Board of Trustees and, as such, comes each month to our Trustee meetin g in Ba t tle Creek. She person ally is anxious to be come Lrrvo l v e d ) .1' th e activities of the Donors Forum and very much regrets that she i s not with us today. Sh e also chairs the Governing Board of Ohio State Unive rsity �- 2 - and responsibilities there keep her away from this meeting. Your state of Ohio has a great tradition of philanthropy and volunteerism -- indeed a leader in the field. are making Lance s and on Report I significant committee, finances of I compliment the Donors 'Forum on the progress you your 'ambitious the President developments a and but realistic this morning full-time membership committee, resources. staffing, and a increasingly independent foundations, makers. But Cf-IF has important as community also become an an a some future. of those program concerned with comparable organization Through the years CMF organization foundations, increasingly the active committee In Michigan we have become for summarized which we call the Council of Michigan Foundations. has plans for and private corporate influential not or grant only In philanthropy but in the entire nonprofit sector. One of the issues which your Forum is addressing very responsibly is the question of resources for carrying on the Forum's activities -- dues and grants. As you appreciation for part. address this issue, I urge you to have a full the "big picture" of which this organization is only a Organizations like the Donors Forum and Cr-IF represent only the sec tor of philan thropy of ten described as "organized philan thropy," which we appreciate is just a part of the total pattern of giving in this country. In deliberating this ques tion of support by your membership, to consider at least two criteria: benef its received from your membership your support as a contribution to volunteerism in Ohio, in this first, the criteria in the organization; I ur ge you relating to and second, the broader field of philanthropy and region, and nationally. At the W. K. �- 3 - Kellogg Foundation, we regard three organizations at the national level of major significance Foundations, in Ind epend ent the field Sector, of and philanthropy: the Foundation Center. The Council on Each of these serves a very important and distinctive role. At the st ate level, we support now are also members of Council of Foundations. national, we provide th e th e Council of r-lichigan Foundations and Donors Forum of Ohio and the r-linn esota Fo r all of these organizations, both state and subst antial anuua I support and, in a dd i t io n , we underst and that such organiz ati ons v ery often require a periodic infusion of maj or res our ces to help them move to new le vels of service a nd ex cellen ce. I predict that the Donors Forum will memb er-s ervin g o rga n i z a t io n . in the public policy to the arena, total relating to issues of will assume nonprofit a s ector leadership of s oc i ety role un derst anding/app re ciati on/participati on v olunte erism in this than a s e ct or importan ce to And it will become a leadership component in cre asing and impr oving phil anthropy and volunteerism. Forum more It will become a v ery impo rtant influen ce philanthropy and volunteerism. relatin g increasingly b ecome whi ch in with In addition, the e nhan c i n g through c ontrib ute s con c ern ed pub lic philanthropy to t he quality and a nd ch ar a ct er of life at the community level. Thus, a s you addre ss the que st i on of th e big pi cture, l ooking n ot on l y r e s ourc e s, at benefits I urge y ou dire ctly to cons ide r received but a pp re c ia t i ng also the r ol e and marv el ous c on t r i but i on of the Forum to the l arger nonprofit world. �- 4 As an interested observer, I compliment you of the Donors Forum for your progress to date. you should be As members and participants in making things happen, pleased with your accomplishments and excited for the assigned topic for Common Good." In future. II Sharing th ose thou ghts today: "Philanthropy's le ads us Role for naturally the to Future the of the thinking about what is happening in contemporary society as it relates to the future of concerns the not common good, unlike the I was agenda of tempted topics to begin with a being addressed list of at this I feel it would be presumptuous and inappropriate for me to conference. propose a long cafeteria list of issues in the arena of the common good. You are knowledgeable about the concerns in our country, your state, and parti cularly in your home communities. Rather, I have chosen, observations about implications for rn things broad overview, going on philanthropy are in rather to our share very society, apparent. briefly six which the for I hope you will forgive my frequent reference to Michigan and Battle Creek and activities of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation -- these are the examples I know best. You will see your community and yourself in the illustrations I sug gest. Observation 1 conc erns th e seeming inabilitv of our political or oc e s s e s an d institutions to deal with significant issues in substantial ways. �- 5 - This is mos t vivid at the national level where Congress is struggling ineffectively with such concerns as fiscal and financial responsibility, trade imbalance, farm programs, foreign affairs, child care, support of the arts, energy policy, and environmental quality. In Lansing, our state politicians are equally ineffective on matters of school finance, our state budget, Workmen's Compensation, and a host of other concerns. I suspect you may feel the same about doings in Columbus. At the local level, you can make your own analysis of effectiveness r n dealing with human services, environmental concerns, and all the rest. Technology has changed the nature of politics and politicians dramatically. New techniques of sophisticated, instantaneous polling and the of influence seems mass media treatment to have forced elected officials of every to become less society and more the followers of herd instinct. lead only when consensus has been reached, parade is going and then rush to its issue and There personality the "leaders" of 1S a tendency to to wait to see which way t he head. Other changes which have influenced the political process to society's disadvantage have been the proliferation of the number and the dramatic increase in skill of special interest groups of every variety and the concept of entitlement which ha s handcuffed political response to changing needs. Today, there are few in elected office who could be described statesmen with vision, commitment, and a concern for the whole. as Patterns of political power also have changed dramatically, with greater diffusion and less loyalty to party and purpose. �- 6 - The net effect of all of these changes has been the lessened ability of government at all levels to be a source and catalyst for social change. This, then, suggests initiatives an enhanced potential role of private to demonstrate new answers to societal needs, sector to initiative ventures, to provide the vision and comprehensive approach which politics fails to provide. Observation 2 concerns the seeming return (shift back) to local responsibility and control in addressing societal needs. For a span of about of the century to SIX the decades -- from the "progressive era" at th e turn late 1960s, and particularly beginning with "New Deal" in the dec ade of the '30s -- , the federal government took an ever increasing part in meeting the needs 'af the American people. early 1970s, Increasingly, that trend states and has first slowed, localities are then being seemed called Since the to upon reverse. to deliver services and provide benefits to people at the community level. This fact pressure poses on problems the tax for system, all states and especially, to localities. raise This puts to cover revenues increased state and local expenditures. A desirabk consequence is dealt with closer usually lie not to home, in dollars that more problems are being identifi ed and and, alone but involvement of people who care. initiatives are obvious: as we a l l there in kn ow so well, the in creased the ans wers commitment and Again, opportunities for private sector is a desperate need to become more �- 7 - efficient and more effective in using limited resources and in mobilizing local leadership. Observation 3 collaborations. concerns the increasing rhetoric about public/private We hear it from the President, members of congress, our governors, and many of us. Such collaboration of private philanthropy with public institutions and programs is going on in all of our communities, to the advantage of all. The best observations tend to be at the community level -- in education, child care and living for child abuse the elderly, prevention, substance abuse, intergenerational initiatives, independent the cultural and performing arts, and a host of other examples. A concern that I would share with you is that, unless we are careful in such collaborative efforts, they will, in a sense, be "one-way." Public officials are anxious to mobilize and direct private resources to "their chosen objectives." philanthropy available r elates 1n f or to the They are not always addressing such philanthropic treatment of deliberations still underway. charitable contributions, tak en are usually erosive, a~~ious concerns purposes. charitable as The to be helpful to private increasing current the resources evidence contributions in the of this bud get While rhetoric on behalf of philanthr orY, an d v o Lun t ee r i sm is usually effusi ve, invas ive, a c tio ns r es tric tive, and discour a ging. In our various legislative skirmish es at the national l evel since 1969, we usually count success in terms of limited losses rather than real gains. �- 8 I th i nk o ur c ont inuin g app ro a ch s hould be t o b e c oop erativ e wi t h publi c i n stitutions and org anizati on s, bu t to be cauti ous an d n ot b e c oerced. Ob servation 4 concerns t he dichot omy be tween the nature of the problems whi ch conc e rn us a n d the solution s we devise. The prob l ems of con cern t o s ociety ten d to be c omp l ex , mu ltidis ciplin ary, ov e r archi ng, pen etratin g, a nd perm eating. Each of us can make o ur own list -- inflation, K-12 and higher education, home care for the elderly, gro undwater, en v ir onment al qualit y, job ge nera ti on, pe ac e. To the contrary, the s olutions tend to be narrow, most oft en devised t o address su ch i ssues disc i plin e- or p ro f e ss i on-orien t e d a nd b i as e d, sim plisti c, and inadequate t o th e t ask. A major c on t ri bu t i on of phil anthropy 1n a dd re s s i n g s oci etal ne ed s c an be to e n c ou rag e and demonstr ate pr og ram s which are c omprehensiv e, collaborative, a nd provide continuity. Obs er vati on 5 co nc e r n s th e pe r s i sten t r eluc t an ce to fa c e fa cts an d to de al with reality. Thi s 1S a s omewhat human c ha r act e ri sti c -- a re s is tance t o c ha nge, when we a re comf ortabl e with that which we kn ow. Sometim e s , even when t he evid en c e i s overwhe l min g , both individ ual s an d their institutions ar e reluctant t o respond. It is a most areas of human co n c e rn , we know better than we do." truism that "in Think only of �- 9- t h ea r e a s wh i ch m a y b eo fs p e c i a li n t e r e s tt oyou : s u b s t a n c ea b u s e ,K l 2 e d u c a t i o n , and h e a l t hc a r e . Fo r ex amp l e ,i fw e t h i n ko fc h i l dd ev e lopm en ti nt h ee a r l yy e a r s ,w ek now t h a tag ef i v ei st o ol a t ef o rs o c i e t a lc o n c e r n and i n t e r v e n t i o n ,y e t mo s t young st e r s and m o st commun it i e sl a c k comp r eh en siv ee a r l yc h i l d h o o d and p r e s c h o o l p rog r am s o f h i g h q u a l i t y . T h e e v i d e n c e i sc l e a rt h a tt h e e l em e n t a r y y e a r s a r e mo s t im p o r t a n t and t h a td r o p o u t c an r e a l l y be p r e d i c t e db yg r a d e ss i xo rs e v e n . Y e t , w e p e r s i s t i na cc r e d i t i n go u r s c h o o l sa t th e h i g h s cho o l le v e l , s t a r v i n g t h ee l em e n t a r y y e a r s wh en ev e r r e s o u r c e sa r e l im i t e d . Ev e ry t e a c h e rw i l l t e l lyou t h a ti tt a k e st h ef i r s tt h r e e mo n t h so f t h en ew s c h o o ly e a rt oc a t c hu p t owh e r e s t u d e n t sw e r e w h e n s c h o o l end ed In t h e s p r i n g ,y e tw e p e r s i s ti nh a v i n ga t h e summ e r m a n th s ~ o b r e a kI nl e a r n i n gd u r i n g a s c h o o l y e a r mod e l es t a b l i s h e d b y a n a g r a r i a n so c i e t yn e a r l y tw oc e n t u r i e sa g o . In t h em a t t e r o f p e n a l r e f o rm , t h e Gov e rno r o f P e n n s y l v a n i a r e c e n t l y comm en t ed , " I tc o s t s$ 2 4 , 0 0 0ay e a rt ok e ep a p e rson i nt h es t a t ep e n , b u to n l y$ 8 , 0 0 0ay e a r at P enn S t a t e . " We a sas o c i e t y ,t h r o u g ho u ri n s t i t u t i o n sand o r g a n i z a t i o ns ,m us tp u tt o be t t e r us e t h a t wh ic h i sa lr e a dy know n . cat a ly st. P h i l a n t h ro py can b e a ~ �- 10O b se r v a t i o n 6 concerns t h e p e rsi s t e n c e o f " t u r f i sm " i na d d r e s s i n g .§oc ie ta ln e e d s . U s u a l l y p rog r am s o f hum an s e r v i c e a r e b a d l y f r agm en t ed and l a c k c o n t i n u i t y . In B a t t l e C r e e k , f o r ex amp l e , w e h av e 67 i d e n t i f i e d v o l u n t a r y , nonp ro f i tg roup sd i r e c t e d to t h en e ed so fy o u t h . P l u r a l i sm i s good ; com p e t i t i o n c an a l s o b e h e a l t h y , b u t i n f i g h t i n g , a d v e r s a r i a l stances, and comb a t iv eb e h a v i o ra r en o t ! Th e c l e a r e s t ex amp l e an o u r hom e town w a sr .n he a lt hc a r e , wh e r e w eh a d tw o h o s p i t a l s , v irtua ll y acro s s th e s t r e e t f rom e a ch o th er, each su ffering f rom l e s sth an50 pe r c e n to c cupa n c y . In a d d i t i o n ,w eh av et h e us u a lh o s to fo t h e rh e a l t hc a r eo rga n i z a t i o n s-V i s i t i n g Nu r s e S e r v i c e , D ep a r tm en t o f Pu b l i c H e a l t h , Am e r i c an R ed C ro s s , Ho s p i c e , Me a l s on ~ s v o lun t a r y ambu lanc e services and m any more . j v Unh app i ly , wh i le each i s compo s ed o f i n t e l l i g e n t ,a b l e ,d e d i c a t e d , and w e l li n t e n t i o n e di n d i v i d u a l s ,e a ch a lso t e n d s toa d d r e s si s s u e sf rom t h e p e r s p e c t i v eo ft h e i ro rga n i z a t i o n a lo ri n s t i t u t i o n a lo b j e c t i v e s . E a ch i s con c e rn ed w i t h t h e i rown n i c h e , tooo f t e nn o ts e n s i t i v e to t h ea c t i v i t i e s o f o t h e r s and w i t h i n s u f f i c i e n ta tten tion t o th e comp reh ens i v e h e a l t h n e ed s o f th e pe o p l e o f t h e co mmun ity . I n B a t t le C r e ek w e f i n a l l y s u c ce ed ed i ng e t t i n g t h e two ho spi t a l s to m e rg e . e rn t b e N ow w e ar p roc ess o f ge t t i n gt h eo t h e rp lay e r s toj o i nth eteam . h a l l e n g e fo rp h i l ant h r opy to b e an i n f l u enc ei nb r i n g i ng abou t A g a in, a c s e r v i c e s wh i ch a r ec om p r e h e n s i v e ,c o l l a b o r a t i v e , and c o n t i n u o u s . �- 11 - I I I I nc o n c l u s i o n , w h a t w i l l b e p h i l a n t h r o p y ' s r o l ef o rt h ef u t u r eo f t h e common good ? Th e h a r dr e a l i t y-o rt h ee x c i t i n gf a c t-i st h a ta l lo f u s h e r e , i n d i v i d u a l l ya n dc o l l e c t i v e l y ,w i l l m ak e t h a td e t e rm i n a t i o nb y o u rd e c i s i o n sa n da c t i o n s . We m ay b ep a s s i v e and re a c t i v e-o rw e m a y b ec r e a t i v ea n dp a r t i c i p a t o r y . w e ~ i a r e c o n t i n u a l l y c o n c e r n e d w i t h d e a l i n g w i t h p r o b l em s and. addressing s h o r t c om i n g s ,w e n e e d t ok e e p t h e s et r o u b l e s om ec o n c e r n s I n p e r s p ec t i v e . F o re x am p l e ,w e r e a da l o ta b o u tt h ep r o b lem so f t e e n a g e r s t o d a y ,b u t mo s t t e e n a g e r s do w e l l t h e ya r e not on d r u g s , t h e y do not g e tp r e g n a n t , and t h e ydo n o td r o po u t . A t t h es am e t im e ,t h e r ea r ep r e s s i n gc o n c e r n s wh i ch mu s t b e ad d r e s s e d . I t lS t os u c hi s s u e st h a t mu ch o f o u r t h o u g h t and r e s o u r c e sm u s t b e d i r e c t e d . We i n p h i l a n t h r o p y w h e t h e r I n c o r p o r a t e g r a n tm a k i n g , commun i ty f o u n d a t i o n s , o r p r i v a t e f o u n d a t i o n s-m u s t b e r e s p o n s i v et oc h a n g i n g c i r c um s t a n c e sa n do p p o r t u n i t i e s . Mo s t o ft h es i g n i f i c a n tn ew d i r e c t i o n s im p e r a t i v et oo u rs o c i e t a lf u t u r ew i l l n o tb ec h a r t e db y gov e r nm e n t . I n fac t , ma n y e l e c t e do f f i c i a l sa r e a lm o s t d e sp erate fo rb e t t e r ausw e rs, p r o p o s e ds o l u t i o n st op e r p l e x i n gi s s u e s . W e I np h i l a nt h r o p yc a nc o n t i n u eo u r t r a d i t i o no f i n n o v a t i o n ,n u r t u r i n g c r e a t i v e c o l l a b o r a t i v e a p p r o a c h e s t o hum an c o n c e r n s a t t h e commun i ty l e v e l . �- 12 - We can provide leadership to enhan ce the resources of philanthropy and ensure their most effective use. Ohio has a great tradition of social concern. those who have preceded us have been We in philanthropy -- and important partners in this us all! progress. There is Godspeed! 595c:lpt unfinished busines s demanding the best efforts of � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1994-01-06_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Philanthropy's Role for the Future of the Common Good Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 6, 1994 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the 1990 Annual Conference of the Donors Forum of Ohio. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-01-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5d1fb54adaf0c52bc073db7027f17884.pdf dfcd6380040aaacfb1087806b4fa95da PDF Text Text The Privilege of Stewardship Russell G. Mawby -~ Chairman a ~ . . er W.K. Kellogg Foundation Battle Creek, Michigan \ \~ ". c.. \ Remarks made before the &m u"1ti~b ol E et, oil F'm't'+ftf'~~~~ ::r: $'1 \~ t. �I am delighted to be with you today. I regard it as an honor and a privilege to be able to visit with you, and I thank you for the invitation and this opportunity to be together. When Jerry Warren asked if I would address the Economic Club of Detroit, I wondered: What could a former fruit fanner from outside of Grand Rapids have to say to such a distinguished group of people as are gathered here? It's good to be with a lot of old friends and relationships developed through the years, and to make a lot of new acquaintances because of our common interests, our common concerns, our common objectives. I wanted to visit with you about some very important issues affecting all of us here individually and collectively, no matter what role you play. All of us know that there are three major sectors of American society. There is the for-profit sector. There's the public or governmental sector. And there is the nonprofit sector, or what some people like to call the third sector. We all are interrelated. The for-profit sector is the engine, if you will. It's business and industry, it's the economic force, it's the creator of wealth, it's the generator of it all. And when the for-profit sector does well, the other two sectors do well, too. And when the for-profit sector does poorly, the other two sectors are stressed and constrained. So business and industry is a very important sector that we all need to recognize and appreciate in American Society. The second, of course, is government - RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit the public sector. �Agencies are represented here, and they play important roles for government that are supported by tax revenue. There are very important roles for government to play at all levels to serve the needs of society in appropriate ways. The third, of course, is nonprofit sector, sometimes described as the third sector. It is so multifaceted, so diverse. Some call it the independent sector. It may be independent, but it also is very interrelated to the other two. We know the importance of the organizations, the institutions, the agencies, and the programs that are implied in this important part of society. All you have to do is look around your community, in Detroit, in Wayne County. Throughout Michigan. Most of the quality of life, in fact, is a contribution of the nonprofit sector. Yes, it's important that we have the services of government. And then it's .. , important that we have responsive and socially responsible business and industry and jobs. But as we think about life as it is lived every day, we think about church, about human services, the recreational opportunities for youth, programs for individuals who are troubled, who are in real need, and think about the cultural richness of the community. All of those are contributions of the nonprofit sector, of the various organizations which comprise this important third sector, if you please, of the American way of life. We immediately see that they are all interrelated and they are all interdependent. RGM SpeechlEconomic Club of Detroit 2 �Most nonprofit organizations get funds from the for-profit sector either directly or through salaries that you and I earn, and then contribute. We get resources for most of our nonprofit organizations and their programs from the public sector. So there is a great interrelationship in many organizations of a combination of public and private resources. Then, of course, there is the contribution of time and talent, not to be underestimated and somehow priceless because much of the caring and much of the compassion of the nonprofit sector is provided by volunteers. People who care enough that they give and give selflessly of themselves in a variety of ways. We 've got all of these areas coming together to serve people in their respective and very special ways. So, I am just going to share some thoughts, briefly, as Russ Mawby, about the awesome responsibilities, and the challenges, facing our areas. One of those great responsibilities is what I like to call "The Privilege of Stewardship." More than anyone else, you recognize the demanding responsibilities and challenges of determining how best to invest your limited resources to meet the needs of people, communities, and institutions that serve them. I believe that all of us are "stewards." Stewards of the mission, philosophy, approaches, and resources we have been entrusted and allowed to guide. It does not matter who we are, or where we live or work. RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 3 �To my mind, stewardship encompasses many things. It is having an integrity to the vision of the person who made it all possible. It is a matter of trust and wisdom. And it is a relationship, whereby we are charged with the wise and beneficial placement of a portion of the assets and resources with which we have been entrusted, so that they maximize public benefit today, and ensure the survival and growth of those assets in order to meet the public needs of future generations. For me, as chief executive office of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, it indeed has been the greatest privilege to join in the stewardship of the vision and the legacy of the person who made it all possible. Will Keith Kellogg was an ingenious, hard-working entrepreneur. A social innovator. An internationalist. A visionary. Above all, he was a good steward. Mr. Kellogg was one of this century's great movers of ideas and shakers of tradition. He cared about people, both at the cereal company he started in 1906, and the Foundation he established in 1930. Few would argue over his business abilities. But with both his Company and his Foundation, Mr. Kellogg was willing to take risks. To many of his peers, Mr. Kellogg may have seemed a paradoxseemingly stingy to family and close friends, yet generous to others less fortunate . As his wealth grew from the cereal company, Mr. Kellogg realized years later what his efforts had brought him: "It is my hope that the property that RGM SpeechlEconomic Club of Detroit 4 �kind Providence has brought me may by helpful to many others, and that I may be found a faithful steward." This led to the creation of his Foundation. To say that Mr. Kellogg, his life's achievements, and his legacy are farreaching would be to understate the impact that this one man has had. He was deeply concerned about the welfare and well-being of all youth. In fact, the Foundation was started as the W.K. Kellogg Child Welfare Foundation, and shortly thereafter renamed the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Its initial focus was launching the Michigan Community Health Project. This was a pioneering effort in seven southwest Michigan communities to demonstrate that the family's health, educational opportunities, and general standard of living could be enhanced through public health services, childhood medical screening and care. In addition, programs were started to strengthen school leadership, expand library services, and assist in general community development. Importantly, one of the major outcomes of this initiative was the formation of the first rural consolidated high schools in the country. In later years, as we moved from operating a program to making grants, the Kellogg Foundation expanded its horizons globally, much as Mr. Kellogg had done with his cereal company. In the 1940s, the Kellogg Foundation began supporting community development efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean. After World War II, we contributed to efforts in different areas of Europe, Canada, and RGM Spee ch/Ec onomi c Cl ub of Detr oit 5 �Australia. As those countries progressed, the Kellogg Foundation looked toward other parts of the world where we might be able to help. After a comprehensive review, we decided in the mid-1980s that one area that desperately needed assistance was southern Africa, which as you all know was in the throes of trying to shread apartheid. As businesses were being pressured to pull out of South Africa, we believed that investing in the people and organizations who would lead the new South Africa would be the best way to help people to help themselves. In other parts of the world, the Kellogg Foundation made a substantial grant to help launch the International Youth Foundation, which is working to spread philanthropy in an effort to help young people worldwide in Poland, other eastern block countries, Latin America, and Africa. One of the many things that sets the Kellogg Foundation apart from other organizations its size are the provisions Mr. Kellogg set for his Board of Trustees. First, that we have a Board of Trustees that meets monthly. We're the only major Foundation that has a Board of Trustees that meets 12 times a year. This means that you won't find Who 's Who kind of names on the Board. But you will find people like Jonathan Walton and Howard Sims, both from the Detroit area. They're just great people, and contribute so much to the Kellogg Foundation. I'm pleased that Howard could be with us today, · while Jon is making site visits to many of our projects in southern Africa. It's marvelous that they are on our Board. RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detro it 6 �They and the six other trustees are what I like to call civic statespersons. They're women and men who are active in society. They're successful in their own profession, career, and personal life - and they're involved in communities. They're on the college board, the hospital board, the United \Vay Board, the Symphony board, and community and state boards. They teach Sunday schools, they're involved in the community, they're involved in society. And so they bring to their responsibilities as trustees that kind of perspective. Just earlier this month, the 777th meeting of the Foundation's Board of Trustees was held in Battle Creek. Again , we had 100 percent attendance. The second proviso that shapes the Kellogg Foundation is that those monthly meetings be held in Battle Creek. We cherish the fact that we live and work in a small, "shirt-sleeve," Midwestern town , with all the values and all of the characteristics that those descriptors suggest. We 're different than many other organizations because we're in Battle Creek. Like you, all of us are involved in the community - we teach Sunday school, we're involved in our schools, we're involved in groups that are helping others. We're active. All of us. Staying connected to where life is lived, and that allows us to take risks. One of the questions many people ask is: How are the Kellogg Company and the Kellogg Foundation connected? RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 7 �Because of Mr. Kellogg's foresight, the Foundation and the Company are totally separateentitities. He was a very wise man, and he made it very clear that in no way would the Company ever use the Foundation and its grantmaking activities to benefit the Company, nor in any way would there be any relationship between the grantmaking activities of the Foundation which might benefit the purposes of the Company. He clearly wanted those differences, but he also recognized the inevitable relationship since the Foundation would benefit from the dividends of stock in the Company. And so there is that interrelationship of this philanthropic purpose with the business enterprise. The Foundation is entering an exciting new era. With my upcoming retirement as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, we have much to look forward to. After a lengthy search by our Board, the.Kellogg Foundation whole state - indeed, our is extremely fortunate to have William Richardson, president of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, as my successor. What a tremendous coup for the Foundation and Michigan. I am delighted that Bill will be coming to the Foundation August. Bill has been involved with the Foundation in different ways for many years. He has served as an adviser. He's been a Kellogg Fellow. And now, as president of Johns Hopkins University, he is a grantee in our Community-Based Public Health initiative. RGM SpeechlEconomicClub of Detroit 8 �He brings a wealth of experience in many areas, wonderful character, and a grounded sense of the importance that people are best able to solve their own problems. I believe Bill Richardson is someone who will strive to hold true to the vision, philosphy, and principles of the Foundation's founder, and will do a super job helping to lead the Foundation into the next century. That philosophy has guided the Foundation for 65 years, and has made it possible to be able to work with creative, innovative people in places like Detroit, Wayne County, and Michigan, and so many other areas around the world. We can see in so many places the impact that one man has had. As Mr. Kellogg believed, "Education offers the greatest opportunity for really improving one generation over another." The Kellogg Foundation's relationship with Detroit and Wayne County goes all the way back to 1933, when we made a grant to the Detroit Department of Health for the development and promotion of clinical services, In the early years, our grantmaking focused on community-based health care, experientialleaming, and the computerization of libraries. Throughout our history of programming in the Detroit and Wayne County, the Foundation has invested more than $53 million (approximately $37 million in the past six years). RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 9 �We've had the privilege of working with so many talented people and worthy enterprises: Joy of Jesus Project Hope Wayne State University The Community Foundation of Southeastern Michigan Another major initiative the Kellogg Foundation has been privileged to be associated with over the past six years is the Kellogg Youth Initiatives Program, or KYIP. You may have heard of this ambitous, long-term venture, whereby the Kellogg Foundation has become a partner with the citizens of the Northern High School area for more than six years. KYIP is working with citizens to look at their community and all of the influences that impact the development of the individual from prebirth through adolescence to young adulthood. When you start looking at that, you see there are all kinds of factors. There are concerns with neighborhoods and with families , concerns with schools, with formal and informalleaming opportunities and experiences ... and on and on the list goes. But ultimately, it's to look at helping to make a community like the Northern High School area a better place in which to be born and grow up. RGM Speech/Economic Club of Dc[roil 10 �That's a lot tougher to do than simply helping an organization like the Girl Scouts, or the Y Center, meet a specific kind of need of a specific client group in a certain circumstance. We want to continue to support these kinds of activities. But when you're trying to take all of the best practices from wherever you may gather them and bring them into an area like Northern, that challenge becomes great. Programs like KYlP are a much greater challenge risk - and a much greater than simply making an award to a noble program idea. That kind of approach - that kind of risk-taking - is critically important if we are to be the kind of stewards that we, our predecessors, and society expect of us. This is an important role for foundations and many other nonprofit groups. However, as you all know, what we all in the third sector can contribute to helping people is far outweighed by the resources others can bring to bear. In Michigan, there are nearly 1,200 foundations (private, corporate, and community) that have assets totaling more than $12.3 billion. Together, they make charitable distributions of more than $745 million. In your area alone (southeastern Michigan) reside more than half of those organizations (596), with assets totaling $5 billion and charitable distributions of $283 million. This is a very impressive presence, and I know we all appreciate what Michigan foundations contribute. RGM SpeechlEconom ic Club of Detroit II �However, what philanthropy and others in the third sector can contribute is small in relation to the size of the problems and concerns facing society. Let me offer you just one illustration. In Michigan, the Department of Social Services (DSS) agency - a vast state tries to meet the needs of thousands of less-fortunate people. Now, if you take their budget, which is roughly $7.4 billion, and average it out over the number of work days in the year, they're spending more $J...S- ~ million a day. Imagine that! And just for comparison purposes, let's take a look at what an organization like the Kellogg Foundation dispurses. Last year, we madde about $266 million in charitable contributions. If made grants at the same pace (rate) that DS S did, we 'd be in business for: nine (9) days, two (2) hours, and 48 minutes. I think this example helps to illustrate the critical balance and differences between what the three sectors can contribute, and the underlying relationships among them. Our society would not look anything like it does without this "three-legged stool." But we see some troubling challenges facing foundations and other nonprofits. One of the greatest concerns facing philanthropy, indeed everyone in the third sector, is the desire by some to shift the burden of many of society's support systems, and who is responsible for them, from the federal RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 12 GJ , �government to the states, and then to local governments. In some cases, people are calling for privatizing some services. I am deeply concerned about the desire of some people to shift the responsibility and control in addressing societal issues to the states and local communities. For more than six decades - from the "progressive era" at the turn of the century to the late 1960s, and particularly beginning with the "New Deal" in the 1930s - the federal government took an ever-increasing part in meeting the needs of the American people. Since the early 1970s, that trend was first slowed, then seemed to reverse. Increasingly, states and localities are being called upon to deliver services and provide benefits to people at the community level. This fact poses problems for all states and localities, especially communities like Detroit. This puts pressure on the tax system, especially, to raise revenues to cover increased state and local expenditures. A desirable consequence is that more problems are being identified and dealt with closer to home, and, as we all know so well, the answers usually lie not in the dollars alone, but in the increased commitment and involvement of people who care. Again, opportunities for private sector initiatives are obvious: there is desperate need to become more efficient and more effective in using limited resources and in mobilizing local leadership. RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 13 �There has been a great deal of rhetoric, especially in the last few years, about public/private collaborations. Such collaboration between is private philanthropy and businesses with public institutions and programs is going on in all of our communities, to the advantage of all. The best observations tend to be at the community level - in education, child care and child abuse prevention, substance abuse, independent living for the elderly, intergenerational initiatives, the cultural and performing arts, and a host of other examples. A concern I would share with you is that, unless we are careful in such collaborative efforts, they will, in a sense, be one-way. Public officials are eager to mobilize and direct private resources to "their chosen objectives." They are not always as eager to be helpful to private philanthropy in addressing such concerns as increasing the resources for philanthropic purposes. I think our continuing approach should be to be cooperative with public institutions and organizations, but to be cautious and not to be coerced. The problems of concern to society tend to be complex, multidisciplinary, overarching, penetrating, and permeating. Each of us can make our own list - poverty, K-12 and higher education, health care, home care for the elderly, water quality, food systems, environmental quality, job generation, and others. To the contrary, the solutions most often devised to address such issues tend to be narrow, discipline- or profession-oriented and biased, simplistic, and RGM SpeechfEconomic Club of Detroit 14 �inadequate for the task. A major contribution of philanthropy in addressing societal needs can be to encourage and demonstrate programs which are comprehensive, collaborative, and provide continuity. We as a society, through our communities, institutions, and organizations, must put to better use that which is already known. Philanthropy can be a key catalyst. Only people are important. Only people make a difference in the long term. In conclusion, what will be the role of the nonprofit sector for the future of the common good? The hard reality - as well as the exciting fact - is that all of us here, individually and collectively, will make that determination by our decisions and actions. We may be passive and reactive - or we may be creative and participatory. While we are continually concerned with dealing with problems and addressing shortcomings, we need to keep these concerns in perspective. At the same time , there are pressing concerns which must be addressed. It is to such issues that much of our thought and resources must be directed. We in the nonprofit sector - whether in corporate grantmaking, community foundations, service organizations, or private foundations - must be responsive to changing circumstances and opportunities. Most of the significant new directions imperative to our societal future will not be charted by government. RGM SpeechlEconomic Club of Detroit 15 �We in the nonprofit sector can continue our tradition of innovation, nurturing creative, collaborative approaches to human concerns at the community level. We can provide leadership to enhance the resources of philanthropy and ensure their most effective use. Michigan has a great tradition of social concern. We all- and those who preceded us - have been important partners in this progress. There is unfinished business demanding the best efforts of us all! Godspeed! RGM Spee ch/Econ omi c C lub of Detr o it 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1996-01-05_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The Privilege of Stewardship Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 5, 1996 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the City Club of Cleveland. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-01-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e5a6d141763c32141e18a54ca0539fb9.pdf 2ca84c9ea43903a59485adfdde8e06a7 PDF Text Text LIFELONG LEARNING AND THE CHALLENGE TO THE PROFESSIONS Remarks by Russell G. Mawby Chairman and Chief Executive Officer w. K. Kellogg Foundation Battle Creek, Michigan at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Southern Conference of Dental Deans and Examiners The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina January 5, 1985 I It ~s a pleasure to be here with you in Chapel Hill for this meeting of the Southern Conference of Dental Deans and Examiners. I feel privileged to be a part of your program, and I hope that the observations of a layman and a grateful beneficiary of your profession may be useful to your deliberations of the theme, "Lifelong Learning and the Challenge to the Professions." As Dr. Barker indicated to you, I am not a professional in any of the health fields. My background is in agriculture and, quite frankly, as I was organizing my thoughts for this morning, I wondered why Ben invited a farmer to give this presentation. Before break, you may be joining me In the context of this ~n wonderment. morn~ng coffee meeting, I may not know enough not to say what I think; as an old farm boy, I will simply plow ahead. �2 Iw o u l d s h a r ew i t h you t h ef a c tt h a tf r omm y e a r l i e s td a y s , on a f a rmi na r u r a lcommun i ty i nw e s t e r nM i c h i g a n , Ih a v eh a dg r e a tr e s p e c t a n da dm i r a t i o nf o rt h eh e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n s . Ih o p e you w i l l f o r g i v em e i f Ic o n f e s st ol um p i n ga l lo ft h eh e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n st o g e t h e rp h y s i c i a n s ,d e n t i s t s ,n u r s e s ,p h a rm a c i s t s ,t h ea l l i e dh e a l t hf i e l d s a l lt h o s ew h o a r eo ft h e" c a r i n gp r o f e s s i o n s , "p r i v i l e g e dt os e r v ea n d i n f l u e n c es oi n t im a t e l yt h ehum an c o n d i t i o n . D e s p i t e som ee x p e r i e n c e s w h i c h a b u s et h a ti d y l l i cim a g eo fe a r l i e rd a y s ,i nm y j u d gm e n tt h e r ei s n oh i g h e rc a l l i n gt h a nt h ec a r i n gp r o f e s s i o n s you r e p r e s e n t . O f c o u r s e , ~n m y c u r r e n tr e s p o n s i b i l i t i e sa sc h i e fe x e c u t i v eo f f i c e r o ft h eW . K . K e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o n ,Ih a v et h ep r i v i l e g eo fb e c om i n gi n v o l v e d ~n a v a r i e t yo fw ay s i nt h eh e a l t hf i e l d s . F o r mo r e t h a nh a l fa c e n t u r y ,t h eK e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o nh a sb e e ni n v o l v e dw i t h p r o g r amm i n g g r a n t s ~n h e a l t h . W h i l e m o s t f o u n d a t i o n st h a tm ak e g r a n t si nh e a l t h t e n dt oe q u a c eh e a l t hw i t hm e d i c i n e , t h eK e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o nf r om t h e b e g i n n i n gh a sh a dab r o a da n de n c om p a s s i n gd e f i n i t i o no fh e a l t h , ~n e l u d i n gt h ep r o f e s s i o n so fd e n t i s t r y ,m e d i c i n e , n u r s i n g ,h e a l t hs e r v i c e s a dm i n i s t r a t i o n ,p u b l i ch e a l t h ,a n dt h ea l l i e dh e a l t h sf i e l d s . Ou r em p h a s i si supon t h ea p p l i c a t i o no fk n ow l e d g et ohum an p r o b l em sa n d , t h e r e f o r e ,w e h a v eb e e na c t i v e l yi n v o l v e dw i t h g r a n t si nh e a l t h r e l a t e dp r o g r am so fe d u c a t i o na n ds e r v i c et h r o u g h o u tt h i sc o u n t r ya n d b e y o n d . We h a v e a sm a l lb u th i g h l y expe rt s t a f fa n dIh a v eb e e nt h e b e n e f i c i a r yo ft h e i rt e a c h i n g . I tw a s ag r e a tp l e a s u r et oh a v e D r . B a r k e rw i t h u sf o ra p e r i o do ft im ea sa s e n i o rp r o g r am d i r e c t o r ~n h e a l t h ,u n t i lt h es c e n to fm a g n o l i a s c a l l e dh im hom e . �3 So I come to this session as a farmer/layman, but one who is not untainted, for I have been exposed to the likes of Ben Barker. I bring to my remarks the viewpoint of a user of your professional services and of an administrator in philanthropy who sees the professions and universities and schools of dentistry and buildings and all the rest, not as ends in themselves but as a means to the larger end of serving human needs. The si gnificance of this morn~ng to me ~s heightened by my awareness of your key positions of leadership, as leaders in education and as leaders in practice. Because of your responsibilities, you key ro1 2s in shaping the future. ~n fact have You establish the criteria by which the difficult determinations are made as to who will be admitted to school and to practice; you shape the curriculum to which students are exposed and determine the rigors to which they are subjected; you establish on behalf of the public interest, the requirements for the privilege of dental practice; and you collectively in these and your other roles in the dental profession, establish the criteria by which success or failure is determined. players ~n Thus, ultimately, you are major influencing the shape, the character, the personality, the morality of the dental component of our health care system. We outside the profession are grateful for the degree to which you succeed; we worry about the whys, the hows, the so-whats of the job you do. We are the beneficiaries -- or the victims -- of the consequences of your efforts. You are l eaders of the dental profession. As lead ers, you must have a vision of what ought to be and a commitment to move consistently and �4 p e r s i s t e n t l yi nt h a td i r e c t i o n . Ih o p em y comm en t sw i l lb eu s e f u lt o y o ui nr e a l i z i n gy o u rv i s i o nf o r1995 o rt h ey e a r2 0 0 0 ,a sw e l l a s 1 9 8 6 . I I A s w e t u r nmo r e s p e c i f i c a l l yt oo u rt o p i ct h i sm o r n i n g , Is e n s e two t i d e sm o v i n g i nt h eh e a l t ha r e n a ~n t h i sc o u n t r y on w h i c h Iw o u l d comm en tb r i e f l y . F i r s t ,I s e n s ea gro ~ng a c c e p t a n c e ,w h i c h i n c r e a s i n g l ys e em st ob e r e a l ,o fa c o n c e p to fw e l l n e s s / i l l n e s s p r e v e n t i o n / f i t n e s s / p u b l i c h e a l t h . I ti sm a n i f e s t e d i na v a r i e t yo fw ay s -a c o n c e r nf o rp h y s i c a l f i t n e s s ,a g r ow i n gi n t e r e s ti nn u t r i t i o n ,a r e c o g n i t i o no ft h ed e t r i m e n t a l e f f e c t so f sm o k i n g ,a l c o h o l ,a n do t h e rs u b s t a n c e s . T h e r ea l s o s e em st ob ea g r ow i n gc o n s e n s u st h a t "t h eb e s tw ay t oc o n t a i nt h ec o s t s o ft r e a tm e n ti st op r e v e n tp r o b l em si nt h ef i r s tp l a c e . I ts e em sa p p r o p r i a t et oe x p r e s sa s p e c i a lc om p l im e n tt oy o u r p r o f e s s i o no fd e n t i s t r yf o ry o u rp i o n e e r i n ge f f o r t s ,o f t e nc o u n t e rt o mo r e s e l f i s he c o n om i co b j e c t i v e s , ~ p r e v e n t i o n . Th em a r v e l o u s c o n t r i b u t i o no ff l u o r i d a t i o ni so n es p l e n d i de x am p l e . S e c o n d ,Is e n s ea g r ow i n gc o n c e r nf o r ,o ra p p r e c i a t i o no f ,t h e w h o l e n e s s o ft h ei n d i v i d u a l ,a r e c o g n i t i o nt h a ta ni n d i v i d u a l ' sw e l l b e i n gi sa c o n s e q u e n c eo fm any i n t e r r e l a t e df a c t o r s . W h i l e a l lo fu s r e c o g n i z et h en e e df o rs ~ on a n da p p r e c i a t et h ec o n t r i b u t i o n s o fs u p e r bs p e c i a l t i e s , som ehow t h ef r a gm e n t e dc o n t r i b u t i o n so ft h e �5 r~o s s p e c i a l t i e sn e e dt ob eb r o u g h tt o g e t h e ri na c om p r e h e n s i v e , c o o r d i n a t e dw ay t os e r v et h en e e d so ft h ei n d i v i d u a l ,t h ef am i l y ,o u r s o c i e t y . To t h ee x t e n tt h e s etwo t r e n d sm ay b ea c c u r a t ea n dr e a l ,t h e r ea r e o b v i o u s im p l i c a t i o n sf o rb o t hp r e s e r v i c ea n dc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o np r o g r am si nd e n t i s t r y . T h ec o n c e r nf o rc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nh a sb e e na p a r to fo u rm o d e r n p r o f e s s i o n sa st h e yh a v ee v o l v e d . O r i g i n a l l y , t h ec e n t r a lf o c u st e n d e d t ob e on " k e e p i n gup t od a t e on r e s e a r c h . " T h a ti ss t i l la v a l i da n d im p o r t a n to b j e c t i v e ,b u t now t h ep u r p o s e so fc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nh a v e b e e nb r o a d e n e dt oi n c l u d ea l lo ft h en e e d sf o rg r ow t ho fa p r o f e s s i o n : a n aw a r e n e s so fi t sa p p r o p r i a t em i s s i o n ; c o n t i n u i n gm a s t e r y o fi t sk n ow l e d g eb a s ea n dm e t h o d s o f t r e a tm e n t ; i t si n t e r n a ls t r u c t u r i n g ; i t sc o d eo fe t h i c s ; i t sr e l a t i o n s h i p sw i t h a l l i e dp r o f e s s i o n s ; i t sr e s p o n s i b l i t i e st ob o t hi t sc l i e n t sa n dt os o c i e t y . I n c r e a s i n g l y ,l e a d e r si nc o n t i n u i n gp r o f e s s i o n a le d u c a t i o na r e now l o o k i n ga tn ew i s s u e sa n da n sw e r st os u c hq u e s t i o n sa s How do w e c h o o s ee n t r a n t st oa p r o f e s s i o n who w i l l , ~n f a c t ,b e c o n t i n u i n gl e a r n e r s ? How c a nt h i st r a i tb ef o s t e r e db yt h eb a s i cp r e p a r a t o r yp r o g r am o ft h es c h o o l ? Wh a t c a nb e om i t t e df rom t h ep r e s e r v i c et r a i n i n gt ob el e a r n e d l a t e r ? �6 Wh a t i st h er o l eo ft h e r~o s p r o v i d e r so fc o n t i n u i n g e d u c a t i o n ? H ow c a nt h e r~o s p r o f e s s i o n sc o n c e r n e dw i t h c o n t i n u i n g e d u c a t i o nl e a r nf rome a c ho t h e r ' se x p e r i e n c e s ? l C o n t i n u i n gE d u c a t i o n-l i f e l o n gl e a r n i n g-p r o v i d e sa c o n t i n u i n g c a p a c i t yf o rr e s p o n s et on ew k n ow l e d g ea n dc h a n g i n gc i r c um s t a n c e s . I I I F rom t h ev a n t a g ep o i n to ft h ed e n t a lp r o f e s s i o n ,w h a t a r e som eo f t h ec h a n g e st h a ta r ec u r r e n t l yo c c u r r i n g ? Mo r e t e c h n i c a lk n ow l e d g ew h i c hh a su s e f u l n e s st op r a c t i t i o n e r s ( n oo n ew o u l dw a n t t oh a v et h es e r v i c e so fa t a xa c c o u n t a n t who ~s u s i n gt h ei n f o rm a t i o nf r om t h et a xc o d ew h i c h e x i s t e dwh en h eg r a d u a t e di n1 9 5 9 ) . Af a s t e rr a t eo fc h a n g eo fk n ow l e d g e( t h e r es e em st ob ec o n t i n u i n gn e e dt oc u l lt h ep r e s e r v i c ec u r r i c u l umt ot h e e s s e n t i a l s ) . Mo s t p r o f e s s i o n sa r el o s i n gsom ething o ft h e i ra u r ao fm y s t i q u e a n ds e c r e c y ,t h r o u g ht h ee f f o r t so ft h em ed ia, l i t i g a t i o n , o t h e ri n f l u e n c e s . T h e r ei sl e s si s o l a t i o no ft h ed e n t a lp r o f e s s i o nf r omm a r k e t i n g a n dm a r k e t i n g m e n t a l i t y , i . e . ,p r o f e s s i o n a la d v e r t i s i n g , HMO s . P r o f e s s i o n so f t e nd e a lw i t h i n c r e a s i n g l yc om p l e xp r o b l em s ,r e ~r~ng e x p e r t i s eb e y o n dt h et r a d i t i o n a ls k i l l so ft h e p r o f e s s i o n . �7 Th ec h a n g i n gm anpow e r s i t u a t i o n ,w i t h i n c r e a s i n gc o n c e r n s ~n t h ed e n t a lp r o f e s s i o no fa no v e rs u p p l y . A sa u s e ro fd e n t a ls e r v i c e s ,I amn o ts u r eI f u l l y u n d e r s t a n dt h i sc o n c e r n . I tr em i n d sm e o fa q u e s t i o nt h a t w e u s e dt oa s k on d o c t o r a le x am i n a t i o n s ~n e c o n om i c s : How m any g a ss t a t i o n s~s t o om any ? I fyou a n a l y z et h a t q u e s t i o nf r omt h es t a n d p o i n to ft h ep r o f i t st ot h es t a t i o n o p e r a t o r ,o n ea n sw e rw i l l r e s u l t . I fon t h eo t h e rh a n d you l o o ka tt h ei s s u ef r omt h es t a n d p o i n to ft h e e f f i c i e n c yo ft h epump s ,o n ew o u l d w a n t t h epump sr nn~ng 2 4h o u r sa d a ya n dw o u l d n o tb ec o n c e r n e da b o u tl o n g w a i t i n g l i n e s . On y e ta n o t h e rh a n d ,i fy o uw e r e c o n c e r n e d w i t h c o n v e n i e n c et oc o n s um e r s ,t h ed e s i r e d numb e rw o u l d b e a g a i nd i f f e r e n t . I nt h i n k i n ga b o u ta d e s i r a b l e numb e ro f d e n t i s t s , I amp e r p l e x e dw i t h t h ep r o f e s s i o n s 'c o n c e r n s . I fI s t a r tw i t h t h ea s s um p t i o nt h a ti ti sgood f o re v e r y Am e r i c a n t ov i s i ta d e n t i s ta tl e a s to n c ea y e a r ,a n dI h a v ea lw a y sb e e nt a u g h tt h a ttwov i s i t sa y e a ri s p r e f e r a b l e ;a n di f ,~n f a c t ,o n l y4 0 5 0p e rc e n to ft h e Am e r i c a n p o p u l a t i o n do v i s i ta d e n t i s ta tl e a s to n c ea y e a r ,t h e no n es im p l yc a n n o tc o n c l u d et h a tt h e r ea r et o o m any d e n t i s t s . R a t h e r , o n ew o u l d s u s p e c tt h ep r o b l emm ay b eam a t t e r o fd e l i v e r ys y s t ema n df i n a n c i n g ,r a t h e rt h a n s u p p l y . I na n ye v e n t ,t h i si sa t o u g hi s s u ew h i c h you a s l e a d e r sw i t h ap r o f e s s i o n a l comm i tm en tm u s t a d d r e s si n t e rm so fb e s ts e r v i n gt h ep u b l i ci n t e r e s t . �8 The changing nature of dental problems, with more emphasis on problems of supporting tissues, not caries, and the special needs of an aging population. A changing pattern of reimbursement, with increasing emphasis on third party payers (described by one dean as a bonanza for dentistry). I sense a great challenge in the health arena In this country to come up with a new system of payment to practitioners and providers. Now we have a health care system In which the providers are reimbursed for illness treatment. As we move increasingly to an emphasis on prevention and promotion, we need a "preventive maintenance contract," such as I have with my veterinarian. Dentistry has been the leader In programs of prevention and has been remarkably successful. A challenge now will be to be equally creative in devising a new reimbursement scheme to better serve both client and professional interests. You, of course, can add other changes from the professional perspective. Now from the standpoint of the users, the paYlng public, I would suggest these el ements of change underwa y: Less deference by laymen to the professions. Perhaps a greater assumption of self-responsibility by the individual for personal well-being. - A g r e a t e r demand for integrated patterns of health care serVlce. �9 Two years ago, I was invited to address the Health Professions Education Conference at the University of Illinois, Chicago. In approaching that task, I pursued the question, "If I could design it, what kind of a health care arrangement would I like for the Mawby family?" This is not an idle or an impulsive question; it lS one I have been asking myself, members of our Foundation program staff, and leaders in the health professions for a number of years. I have finally concluded that, ideally, I would have the Mawby family affiliated with a small group practice consisting of three or four family physicians, a pediatrician and an obstetrician/ gynecologist, and two dentists. These doctors would be working appropriately and in harmony with nurse practitioners, dental auxiliaries, a receptionist/bookkeeper, other support personnel in nursing and the allied health fields. Many are surprised that I would have my dentist as a part of such a group practice. As a layman, I frankly don't understand why the profession of dentistry is practiced in isolation -- perhaps splendid isolation but none the less isolation from the mainstream of the health care system. I believe the problems of my teeth and my mouth are not isoldt ed from the rest of me and can have an effect throughout my body. Thus, the failure of the professions to address this idiosyncrasy in the �1 0 p r e s e n tp a t t e r no fp r a c t i c e lSd i f f i c u l tt of a t h om . F u r t h e rm o r e ,It h i n kb o t ht h em e d i c a l a n dt h ed e n t a l p r o f e s s i o n sw o u l d b e n e f i tf r oma c h a n g e dp r o f e s s i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p . Iw o u l d em p h a s i z et h a ta tp r e s e n tI h a v ea s u p e r b d e n t i s t ag r a d u a t eo fa f i n ed e n t a ls c h o o l , who i su p t od a t eI ne v e r yr e s p e c t . I nt h etw e n t yy e a r sI h a v eb e e n a ~ o fh i s ,I m a r v e l a tt h ee v o l u t i o ni nt e c h n i q u e , t h en ew em p h a s e si nd i s c u s s i o n ,t h ec h a n g i n gp o s t e r sa n d e d u c a t i o n a lm a t e r i a l s . H e lSa s o l op r a c t i t i o n e r ,w i t h a p p r o p r i a t eh y g i e n i s t sa n da s s i s t a n t s . B u th i sp r a c t i c e i si s o l a t e d ;h em u s t b ep r o f e s s i o n a l l yl o n e s om e ;i t im p r e s s e sm e a sa c o t t a g ei n d u s t r y . And i nf a c t ,I w i s h h eh a da p a r t n e rs ot h a tw e p a t i e n t sw o u l d h a v ec o n t i n u o u s c o v e r a g e . W h i l e Iv i s i th im tw i c ea y e a ra n dr e c e i v e s u p e r bt r e a tm e n t ,i tw o u l d b e unW l s et ob r e a ka t o o t hI n A u g u s t f o rt h a ti sh i s mon th aw ay a n d no o n ew o u l d h a v e a c c e s st or e c o r d so r a n y t h i n ge l s er e g a r d i n gmy d e n t a l s t a t u s . It h i n kmo r e nnd mo r e p e o p l e who h a v ed i f f i c u l t yI n p r o v i d i n gc o n t i n u i t yb e tw e e na n d among t h ev a r i o u s s p e c i a l t i e so fd e n t i s t r ya n dm e d i c i n e y e a r nf o ra mo r e c r e a t i v e ,c o o r d i n a t e d ,c o n t i n u o u s ,a n dc om p a s s i o n a t e d e l i v e r y sy s t em . �11 A gro ~ng c o n c e r nf o rc o s te f f e c t i v es e r v i c e ,i n c l u d i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o no fHMO s , PPO s , a n da l lt h er e s t . As e n s i t i v i t yt ot h ep u b l i ci n v e s tm e n ti nt h ep r e p a r a t i o no f h e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n a l s ,w i t h t r em e n d o u sp u b l i cs u b s i d ye i t h e r t h r o u g ht a xr e v e n u e so rp h i l a n t h r o p y . A s mo r e a n d mo r e o ft h e h e a l t h ro ss o~s c u tt h enumb e ro fe n t e r i n gs t u d e n t s ,i t s e em sa p p a r e n tt h a tt h ec o s tp e rg r a d u a t ew i l l go up a n dt h a t t h es e r v i c ea v a i l a b l et ot h ep u b l i cm ay d e c l i n e . Ac o n ce r ni na l lo fh ea l t hc a r ef o ra c c e s s ,c o n t i n u i t y , c om p r e h e n s i v n e s s ,c o s t eff e c tivenes s, a n dq u a l i t y-a l lf r om t h ep a t i e n t ' sp e r s p e c t i v e . And i nt h ec o n t e x to ft h i sm e e t i ng , ag r ow i ng n e e dt or e l a t ed e n t a ls p e c i a l t i e st ot h et o t a lh e a l t h s y s t em . IV W i t h a l lo ft h is ,w h a t a r et h ec o n t r i b u t i o n so fc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o n ~n t h e s ec h a n g i n gt im e s ? 1 . C o n t i n u i ng e d u c a t i o nh e l p st h ei n d i v i d u a lp r a c t i t i o n e rk e e p up w i t h t h ete c h n i c a ls c i e n t i f i ck n ow le dge b ase o ft h e p r o f ess i o n . 2 . C o n t i n u i ng e d u c a t i o nc r e a t e sa na t t i t u d ef o rt h ep r a c t i c e of a p r o f ess i on a sa c ar e e r of obse r v i n ga n d le a r n i n ga n du t i l i z i n g k n ow ledge ~n n ew and d iffer e n t and mo r e e f f e c t i v ew ay s ( r a t h e r t h a nas a j o bo f app ly ing t e c h n i c a ls k i l l s ) . �12 3 . T h r o ug hc o n t i n u i n geducation, t h epe r s p e c t i v eo ft h ei n d i v i d u a l p r a c t i t i o n e ri sb r o a d e n e dt oe n c om p a s sa na p p r e c i a t i o nf o rt h e p r o f e s s i o n a lm~ss~on a n di t sc o n t i n u i n gg r ow t hi na l l d im e n s i o n s-t e c h n i c a lb a s e ,r e s e a r c h ,s t r u c t u r e ,e t h i c s , re l a t i o n s h i p st oo t h e rp r o f e s s i o n s ,r e s p o n s i b i l i t yt oc l i e n t s a n ds o c i e t y . 4 . C o n t i n u i n gp r o f e s s i o n a l educ ation-w i t h empha s i s on s e r v l n g ~n t h eb e s tw ay s p o s s i b l et h en e e d so fp e o p l e-i n v i t e sc o - o p e r a t i v ee x c h a ng es i ne f f o r t samong a n db e tw e e np r o f e s s i o n a l g roup s. P r o g r am so fc o n t i n u i n gp r o f e s s i o n a l education i nt h e h e a l t hf i e l d si n c r e a s i n g l ys h o u l di n v o l v ea l lm emb e r s o ft h e h e a l t hd e l i v e r yt e am ,i nc o n c e r tr a t h e rt h a ni ns e g r e g a t e d g r o u p s . 5 . C o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nc a np r om o t ea p r o f e s s i o n a lc o n c e r nf o r q u a l i t yt h r o u g hp e e rr e v i ewa n dp r o f e s s i o n a ld i s c i p l i n e ,r a t h e r t h a nt h r o u g ho u ts i d e( g o v e r nm e n t a l )i n t r u s i o n . 6 . C o n t i n u i ng e d u c a t i o nc a ne n c o u r a g et h ei n v o l v em e n to ft h e p a t i e n ta s3 l e a r n e r / p a r t i c i p a n ti nt h ep r a c t i c e ra t h e rt h a na s ap a s s i v er e c i p i e n t . D r . Cy r i lO . H o u l e , a ni n t e r n a t i o n a l l yr e c o g n i z e ds t a t e sm an i nt h e f i e l do fa d u l tc o n t i n u i n g education a n da S e n i o rP r og r am Cons u l t a n tw i t h t h eW . K . K ello gg F o u n d a t io n ,s u gg e s t st h a tp r o g r am s of continu ing p r o f e s s i o n a l edu ca t i o ns h o u l db eb as e d on s u c hp r o p os i t i o n sa st h e f o l 1o . ~ng 2 1 . The u l t im a t eg o a lo fa l lc o n t i n u i n gp ro f e ss i o n a leducation ~s t h eimp rovem ent o ft h eongo~ng p e r f o rm a n c eo ft h e �13 practitioners. This goal is tough to accomplish, S1nce it 1S much easier to simply measure hours of teaching contact, test scores, or indicators of student satisfaction. 2. Most continuing professional education is carried out by what educators call a mode of instruction -- the dissemination in some way of established skills, knowledge and sensitiveness. The person who conducts the instruction already knows everything the student will learn. Most resentment of continuing education is a product of poor teaching. Adults simply will not put up with what young people have come to accept as inevitable. 3. Another mode of education, that of inquiry, 1S also crucial to continuing professional education. This is the process of creating some new plan of action, synthesis of thought, policy or strategy by use of the poor judgment of the persons concerned with the outcome. A group practice or clinic setting can use 1nqu1ry to set a course of action for the future. This mode is difficult for the solo practitioner. 4. Insufficient attention is given in c ontinuing professional education to the mode of reinforcement. Thin gs learned must become a part of the habitual and conscientious usage of the individual. Peer review and encouragement, with peer inter- action are useflll means of reinforcement, and are difficult in the general patt ern of solo dental practice. �1 4 v A sI l o o kt ot h ef u t u r e ,I f o r e s e ed r am a t i cc h a n g e si nt h eh e a l t h s c e n e ~n t h eU n i t e d S t a t e s . You , a sl e a d e r si nt h ed e n t a lp r o f e s s i o n \ . i l lp l a y ak e yr o l e~n d e t e rm i n i n gt h ep l a c eo fd e n t a le d u c a t i o na n d s e r v i c ei nt h ey e a r sa h e a d . You r r e s p o n s et oc h a n g e sc a nb ed e f e n s i v e a n dr e a c t i v e-o rv i s i o n a r ya n dp r o a c t i v e . A s a ni n t e r e s t e do b s e r v e r ,i ts e em st om e t h a td e n t i s t r y c a t i o na n di np r a c t i c e ~n e d u - t e n d st ob ea p a r tf r omr a t h e rt h a na p a r to f t h em a i n s t r e am o fo u rh e a l t hc a r es y s t em . I st h a tw h e r e i t s h o u l db e ~n t h ed e c a d e sa h e a d ? S h o u l dn o tt h ed e n t i s tb ea ni n t e g r a lp a r to ft h e h e a l t hc a r et e am ,r a c h e rt h a na p l a y e ra p a r t ? T h i so b v i o u s l yc a n n o tb e as h o r t t e rmg o a lb u ts h o u l db es e r i o u s l yc o n s i d e r e df o rt h ef u t u r e . D e n t i s t r yh a sa t r a d i t i o no f? r e v e n t i o n /w e l l n e s s ,o fc o n t i n u i t y ~n p a t i e n tr e l a t i o n s h i p ,o fp e r i o d i ci n t e r a c t i o n ,o fu s eo fa l l i e d p e r s o n n e l . I nl o o k i n ga tt h eh e a l t hs y s t emo ft h ef u t u r e ,a n dv i ew i n g t h et o t a lh e a l t hd e l i v e r ys y s t emf rom t h ep e r s p e c t i v eo ft h e u s e r / p a t i e n t / p a y e r ,Iw o u l d s u g g e s ta d i f f e r e n tc o n f i g u r a t i o n ~n w h i c h t h ed e n t a lp r o f e s s i o nw o u l d o n c e g ~n b ei n t e g r a t e di n t ot h eb r o a d e r p r o f e s s i o no fm e d i c i n e a n dt h ec om p r e h e n s i v eh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r y s y s t em . My f i n a lc h a l l e n g et h e n ,i ss im p l yt h i s : Wh a t i sy o u r ~s~on o ft h e f u t u r e-a n dw h at c a nb et h er o l eo fc o n t i n u i n gp r o f e s s i o n a le d u c a t i o n i nb r i n g i n gt h a tv i s i o nt or e a l i t y ? lH o u l e ,C y r i l0 . , "O v e r v i ewo fC o n t i n u i n gP r o f e s s i o n a lE d u c a t i o n , " E d u c a t i o nf o rt h eP r o f e s s i o n s ,S i n c l a i rG o o d l a d , e d i t o r . G u i l d f o r d , S u r r e y : o ~ to rR e s e a r c h i n t oH ig h e rE d u c a t i o na n d NFER -NELSON , 1 9 8 4 ,p a g e s1 9 3 1 9 4 . 2r s1 9 4 1 9 6 . b id . , page �I ( if , .9A- c J IV<' ) �j ~~~ o ~ ~ ~ e . ~~~ ~ ~ jf , , ' -. ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ f A d6 , . ~ ) I ) i �7 1 ~ ----_ .19t:t ~ L 2 I ) ) ) �~ , ~ ? . 1 �• ( v ) ""-"7- .- (" - - ) I �. I 5t J .. &.. c I �7) J • / �I I J ) J 4 L I. e / ~ I ) �\ ) ( r ( ) I \.( / ( ( ) l �(J I , .., ) t ( L J 1 ) �r L , ..J r ) ( .. { 1 , 1 {' L ( I c I �f I .1 I J ~ \) p � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1985-01-05_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Lifelong Learning and the Challenge to the Professions Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 5, 1985 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Southern Conference of Dental Deans and Examiners. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-01-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1e293c6631fd0eea9772374178efda13.pdf d9aea0aa1516a89581a3464f0c8c262c PDF Text Text AGRICULTURE IN THE "LIBERAL ARTS "Building on Success" Remarks by Russell G. Mawby Universi ty of F l ori da Janu a ry 1984 1. Th e W. K. th i s Ke ll ogg Foundation has the privil ege of being a co-sponsor of c on f erence. On b eh a l f of t h e Founda tion I ,,,ish to express our a p pr ec i a - t i on to t h os e who hav e been directly involved an or ganiz ing th is ga ther i n g. First, our th anks to the Univer s i t y of Florida: President Mar ston, Vice P res id e n t Te fer t il l e r , Dean Sidman, Dr • .Ha yn e s , and all t h e rest. t h r oughout the a rr an ge me n t s , we l l University have b e en and cer t ainly t heir and h av e done all that involved an the pr e-planning hospitality is superb. ca n b e done to i n s ur e the Peopl e from and th e They h ave prepared success o f our time t oge th er , Further, liber a l I e xpress appreciati on to t he representatives of t h e t en pr i v ate art s colle ges who h av e been involved in preparation for this meeting. �- 2They wi l l b e s h ar i n g their experiences as pioneers an incorporating a con ce r n for fo o d/ a gr i cu l t ur e/ na t ur a l resources an the l i b er a l ar ts curriculum . I marvel at t h e pro gram wh i ch has been prepared for range of t o pi c s and wi t h s uperb resource people . the v ar i ou s me e t i n g tion," " P robl ems Gr owt h an ti t l e s -- "Food Turfs and of and v ar i ous sett in gs are equa ll y i nt e r e s ting - - and an amaz an g in t ri guing to cons ider Fop~lation ISBu~3 Relationships," Under stand ing and I nv o l v eme n t." I t is us, with an Poli 'cy Educa- "Dr i p-Trr i ga ring The exper iences Fa cu l Ly to be provided an for e xamp l e , a fi e l d t rip addre ss- an g the ques t i on, ''What c a n a sharp drop rn temperature do t o a f a r m family, a r ural conunun i t y , t h e pr ice of orange jui ce or salad m Bos ton?" I wo u l d express appreciati on also to you who have come representing pri- va te 1 i b er al ar ts and land-gran t of ba ck gr ound, al l hav e s i t y, I seldom, Wn ile there 1.S great divers i ty i nterest, e xper aen ce , and current r e s pons i b il i t y , of us sh ar e a common interes t orga nized. I professional ins t i tu t i ons , an the n o t ion ar oun d which this meeting 1.S am awed at t h e ri ch ness of t a l e n t represented by t he conferees. perha ps never, been t.n a meeting of this specializati ons ranging from the classics and professional divera n imal sciences to �-3-' phil o s ophy and biochemis t r y. I h o pe t h at each ourse l v es of t h e opportunity this r epresents. den c y for u s t o c ongrega t e culturist, I am e x c i t e d of us wi ll deliberatly avail There seems always to be a ten- an o ur s pecialized in teres t ar eas, but as a hor ti- at the prospect of having l un ch with a histor ian, d i n ner wi t h a ph il osopher, breakfast wi th an anthropologist, and r i d i n g on t he b u s wi t h a ge o grapher. So as c o - s pon s or expr e s s ple a san t our of t h is conference, on b eh a l f of t h e Founda tion, I would a p pr e c i a t i on form a nd e xpr e s s to those eq ua l who h av e brought us togeth er an s u ch appr eciation to y ou who ar e here to parti ci- pate in the importan t purpo s es of th i s meeting. II. Our spe ak ers this mor n an g hav e addres s ed eloquently t he theme whi ch brings us toge t h e r . I h av e been asked to comment on the ques tion " Wh y is th e W. Kellogg Founda tion i nvolved an a meeting such as this?" thou gh ts br i efly, to in t e r e s t r.n t h i s topi c. put t.n perspec tiv e the I will shar e a Foundation's v iew po i n t K. few a nd �-4I ar e am sur e all of us wou l d agree that an the ultimate sens e, only people i mpor t an t. s h a pe d by The peopl e. r e ferr ing to o ppor tun i t y i n s titu ti ons So people, of when I a meeting we creat e speak number o f of to serve so ciety's purposes t h e Kell ogg Foundation, I am really whom are here and whom you will hav e per sonally if you wi s h : Dr. Robert C. are Kramer the and Dr. Gary W. King, P r o gr am Dir e c tors wi th a particu lar concern fo r agri culture; Mr. Robert E. Hencey, Di rec t or of Communica tions; P r ogram Ass o c i a t e concer ned wi t h Natural Resour c es; Mr. John and Dr. J. Kornacki, Robert D. Sparks, Pres i den t a n d Ch i e f P r o gr annni n g Of f i cer. Ther e oft en i s confusion about the re l ation s hips between t he W. K. Kell o gg Fo unda tion and the Kellogg Company, tie be t ween Kellogg. the two t hat whatever t h e b e ne fit of mank Ind . K. man, who created cereal firm. both Mr . Ke llogg e s tabl i sh e d the Kellogg Company de ter mi n e d W. on e 1S the ready-to-ea t Kellogg Foun da t ion, th e a p plica tion 0 an -- W. K. 1906 and v e r y e ar l y for t une he a c cu mu l a t ed he would someh ow dedica te to In 1930, when he was 70 year s ol d , he es tab l ished the Founda t i on then as now, organizations Th e connnon and 1S pu t into tr u s t his substantial fortune. The committed to the concept of knowledge u t i l iza t i on , f knowledge to the probl ems of pe ople. �-5-- I n mo s t on e a reas of h uma n con ce rn, we ''know better i ns ti t u t i on a re a s wh i ch cannot ar e vi tal enterprise; heal th, Mr. do Kel l o gg to everything, our than we do ." Fo undation t he human con d i tion : i s Since any oriented agriculture, t o three the basic human the prerequisite to human well-being; and educa tion, wh i ch described as represen ting the "greatest opportunity for really im prov i n g one genera tion over a n o t h e r . " As we a t t h e Founda ti on go about our daily t a sks, we become increasin gl y a ware of the di ch otomy between the na t ur e of problems and the nature of solut i on s whi ch are designed to address them. con c e rn i.n ca t i on , e mpl o yme n t , food our s o c iety inflation, an d nutri tion, add to t h i s s in gl e today hous ing, wor l d Think of any of ':h e maj or areas of cr ime, peace, nuclear Categoriz e pex forming energy, them as ar ts, ed·j- t r a ns por a t i on , you wi l l and list as you wish, but one thing becomes immedia t ely apparent. No pr o fessiona l environmental quality . the spe c i a l i za t i on can adequately address a n y of t h e s e iss ues. If soci e ty i.s t h e problems wi t h in to deal successfully wi th such problems, t h e ex per t i s e o f v ar i.ous bodi es of kn owl ed ge must somehow be mob lized e f f e c tiv e l y an new and even mor e creati v e ways. �6 I nou rd ail ys c h e d u l e at th eF o u n d a t i o n ,a b l ea n d comm it t e dp e o p le com e to u sw ith p ropo s a l sw h i c h do a supe rb j o bof deveLopi .ng a p r o b l em s t a t em e n t ,b u t t h e nt h ec o u r s eo fa c t ion p r o p o s e d 1S s im p l y lla ua ~ 111 i t scomple x iry, i t s s op h i s t ication, and i t ss c o p ea n dv i s i o nt od ea l( . l i th t h ea ss u ea ' :h a n d . Thus ,t h e r ee x i sts a d i l emm a an ou r s o c i e t y' i s1 :0 h ow w ? c a n contin u e to b e n ef i t f rom s u p e r bs p e c i a l i z at i on and at t h e s am et im ed e a la d e q u a t e l yw i t h ts sues o fp ar am o u n t im p o r t a n c e . Wh en I w a s an e x t e n s i o na g e n t ,e a r l i e rr nm y c a ree r, w eu s e d t oobs e r v ec r y p t ic a l l yt h a t" f a rm e r sh a v ep r o b l em sa n du n i v e r si t i e s have d e p artm en t s . " To som e ex tent t h es am ec a nb e said fo r so cie ty a n d its p r o bl e m s an r e l a t i o nt o ou r u n i v e r s i tie s and the i rsp ec i a lized co l l e g e s a n ddi s c ip li n es. u r Found ati o n ' s five a r e a so fp r o g r amm i n gf o r t h ed ec a d eo ft h e One of o 1980 s i sc o n c e nt r at e don a "who le som e food s u p p l y . " Among the a .ss u e so f con r n ce 1S t h e d e c i si o n -m a k i ng p rocess fo r a d d r e s si n gp u b l i c poL i . cy q u esti .on s wh ich h a ve a signi f i c a nt im p a c t upon a g r i cu ltu r e , l a n d , an t ~ n atu raL r e s o u rce s ,a n d the c a p ac i t yt oc o n t i n u e t op r o v i d e adequ ate q u antiti . es o f nutritious food at r e a sonab l ep r i c e s . It 1S i n c r e asi n g l ye v i d e nt t h a t ,an ou r �-]-- u rbaniz ing soci ety, decis ions impor ta nt to agr icu 1 t ure a re being made by we lli nten t i oned pe o ple who often lack even a deta il e d knowledge, general understanding, of th e complex agribusiness Le t industry with which alone a t h e y are de a l i ng . Th e iden t ification h u man i t i e s and lib e ral wh o l i s t ic approach, Graduates of p ro gr ams a arts s ear ch the human it i es s sue t which for and led us n a t ur a ll y to a have t ru th, th e a traditional a balance liberal arts i.n are politics, and government. engaged an or conce rn for commitmen t to often mov e i nto for the public the advanced t he profess ions, As c i v i c and organiza tional l eaders, responsible the t:he hwnan experience. of s tudy, and then in to pos i tions of leader sh ip an bus i n e s s , o f t en of t h i s decision-making they proces s whi ch bears so significantly u p on our agricultural and natural resources. Our l and-gran tins ti t u t i on s of higher educa tion were es tabl i s h ed more than a cen t ur y ago. We we r e i n du s t r ial i z a t i on , year s of th e then a n agrarian so c i ety, Agr i culture land-gran t was institu tions . pa r amo un t In and just b eginn ing the mov e dominant that earlier, and i.n to the initial. perh aps simpler �-8- da y, l and-g rant agr i cu 1 tural leade r s had broad c on ce r ns and provided l e a de r - ship for such innova tive developmen ts as home economics, rural educa t ion, and r ur a l soci o logy. Since drama t i ca ll y. Now, a gr i cu ltur al c i rcles l i mi t e d wi t h the fi eld of agriculture increasing spe c i a l i za t i on , hav e to agri cul ture); t h e s ys tern . then, a much narrower they ar e mast pe o p l e perspective (a preoccupied with their Too many h av e an insular mentality, isola ting themselves great er university of which they are a th i n k t erms farming and agribus iness, not In academic profession and with fr om the of t.n ch an ge d ch aracteristic not l e ctua ll y an has terms part, in te 1- inclined to of so ci e t y , its cou ld initiate and pe o p l e , and t heir nu tr i tiona l n e eds . One time an our soci e ty inf l u ence broad publ ic policy. a ffec t agr i culture and, t i ona l ch ar ac t e r i s t i c s - - farmers and agriculturists Now , many of the most impor t a nt decisions t hat th e r e f or e , food -- quality, quantity, pr i ce, nu t r i- are made by peo ple who know very little ab ou t t he i n t r ica c i e s o f such ma t t e r s . The Ame r ica n public has come to ass ume an abundant supply of food, readily av a i l a b le ev e ry day of t h e year an every part of the country and a t a r e a s onabl e price. The miracle of Ameri can agriculture, which 1S the envy of t h e �-9- wor l d , food 1S in crea s i n gl y taken for produ c t s we r e an s easonal gran ted . s u pply ; head l e ttuce 365 days of t h e year food t:lan doe s any o th er now we can enjoy th roughou t our country. enjoy s uch benefits wh i l e s pen d i n g a (or It was not very long ago that many lower nati on. fresh tomatoes And, in America we portion of our disposabl e Such abundance and is neither income eas ily accomplished nor gu ara-i t.eed , Thus, liberal food ther e arts and a. s s ue , evo l v ed a v er i f iab l e need to e xpo s e to sensitiz e liberal arts students to agriculturists to the the realities of t he au t o f such cons iderations grew the 11 pilot projects, h ere at th e land-grant University of Florida and i n the 10 private liberal arts instituti ons, wh i ch will be t he cen t r a l discussion points of th i s conference . III. I n cl o s i n g, I wou ld make two observations abou t my assigned t opi c ; "Ag r icu ltur e an the Liberal Arts: F i rst, mak e the Su c ce s s • II Building on Success." if I wer e to dr a f t conference theme : the title I would probably ch a n ge one word a nd "Agricul ture an d the Liberal Arts: Building on �-10- As I sa id earlier, I gr ew up on a f ruit farm in west Mi ch i ga n , and was t h e f i rst o f my fam il y to go to college, where I of my soph omor e year program o f stu dy and, s ional l i fe , The To ok ey, s topped me off i ce ; I I had an an effect, ch a ir man an the did so, '.. . i th of s t u d i e d horticulture. expe rience wh i ch changed my At the end un de r gr a du a t e the fut ure course of my personal and profes- th e Depa rtment corr i d or one day and of Hor ti culture, asked me to Dr. come H. i n to his th e trepidati on \.. .h i ch any s o ph omor e would feel. point was simp l e a n d dire c t: "Russ, I B. His have observed that you are doing well If you wi s h t o be a h or ticulturist, an t h e fu t ure we will make a s a student. yo u a s pe c i a l i st an yo ur master's a nd doctoral progr a ms of s t u dy . My su g g es- ti on t his to you Un i v e r s i ty • ' J.S that Take as at this po i nt f ew courses r.n your studies you 'sample great an horticul ture as we will permit and t ak e a s fe w courses an the Co ll ege of Agr i culture as y o u can possibly get by wi t h . Beyond that, explore any to p i c an ywh ere a dv ice and you can well appreci ate that an the University." th i s I fo ll owed his dramatically changed my under- gr a dua t e a ca de mi c e x pe rience and, an my judgment, changed i t for the b etter. �-1 1 - How m any of you a s deans o rf a c u l t ya d v i s o r sg i v et h a tkind o fc o u n s e lt o you r st u d e nts? M y sam p li n g of t h e Un ive r s i t yw as un de rs t a n d a b l y ve ry l im i t e d . D e g r e e r e q ui r em ent s , estab lis h e di .n a s y stem by l e a r n e dp eo p l ed e nied m y e x posu re t o the la r g e r Un ive rsit y . T h a t phenom enon , of cou rse, 1 8 cha r a c te ri s tic n o t on ly g r icult u re but a lso o ft h e c lassics, en g i n e e r i n g ,b u siness, a n da l l t h e of a re st, Thus, I su ggest w e h a ve dua lo b je c t i v e s as w e con s i d e r o u r conf e r e nce t h em e : n c or p o ration f i r s t , i of info rm a tion on f o o d /a ~ icu It u r e /n atu ra1 reso u r c es i n t o t h e li b e ra la rt s ;a n d second, in f u s i o no ft h eh um a n i t i e s and t h e 1i b er a la rts into the m i n d s and h e a rt s 0 f st u d e n t s , f acu l ,t i es, a n d pr a c titi o ne rs in ag ricult u r e . M y seco n d obs e rvation re la t e s to t h esubt i tl e-" b ui l d i n g on success." S u c ha p ropo sit i o n1S p re s u m p t u o u s , b e c a u s ew e do n o t ye tk now i ft h e expe rie h a v eo n l y 11 p ion ee ri n ge f f o rt s in t h i s m en t al p rog ram s a r e su c cessful . W r e a . How do w e know th at a n y of t h em a r eme e t i n gt h eo b j ect i v e se sta b lished a �-12- for th em? Wh en will we know? e du ca t i on an absolute t er ms I:. 15 always dif fi cult to determine success an , Bu t, all of us a r e con cer ned with ar e intr i gu e d with under stand i n g of det ermi nant of that h ave people th e human c ompr i s e the as pioneer a difference 1S to especiall y t o your s t u d e n t s . They ar e t he fu t u re ! 8/1/ 85 kj2 26c source of human nutri tion and a We impressed with ins titu tions ar e that efforts ins titu t ions: th e is, the impressed prime wi t h t he fa cul, ty and admin is t r a tors, th e happening an th e s e set tings. I hope and trust that your make the condition. t hese s t u de n t s -- and wi t h what will We concept of linking stu d ies of t h e humani ties wi t h an a griculture developed who the the issue of food and the future . sojourn h ere a n Gainesvi ll e wi l l be r ewarding, you, to your institution and its f acu l t y , and � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1984-01-04_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Agriculture in the Liberal Arts Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 4, 1984 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the University of Florida to discuss the topics of food, agriculture and natural resources in liberal arts programs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-01-04 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1fe2910f4479d8caf4e80d0e28e72d6a.pdf 42d48ca6a157ad47aed51e798d10c593 PDF Text Text "Outlook for Volunt ary Support of Improvement in Community Health Practices" Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby, President, W. K. Kello[;g foundation at the Fifth Annual Conference on the Physician and the Hospital San Diego, California January 30, 1974 I I am delighted to be .!ith you this evening for the first session of your Fifth Annual Conference on the Physician and the Eospital. much the invitation extended by your program I appreciate ve~'y co~~ittee. I am impressed indeed with the cooperative sponsorship and planning fm' this professional meeting, truly an 8caclemic-practice partnersni;:> in addressing issues concerned ',lith health care delivery. I commend the leadership of the California Hospital Associa.tion, the California i·;edical Association, the California Regional Medical Programs, and the School of Medicine of tbe University of Southern California, for this very constructive and productive relationship. II Your conference focus on "Costs, Controls, Changes and Caveats" is certainly tirrely and significant. In reviewing the program, I am inpressed indeed with the topics which will be addressed by very able resource ~eople. My particQlar responsibility is to consider the outlook for private or voluntary support in improving community health services. I wish to consider "que.LLt.y" in its most comprehensive sense, LncLudd.ng such aspects as comprehensiveness, accessibility, and continuity, as well as considerations �o fs c i e n t i f i co rt e c h n i c a ls t a n d a r d s ,a p p r o p r iR t e n e s s ,a p dc o s t b e n e f i t r e l a t i o n s h i p s . You , i nt b eh e a l t hc a r ef i e l d ,wou ld a g r e et h a tn on a t i o n a lf o u n d a t i o n h a sb e enmo r e i d e n t i f i e dw i t h imp rov en en t si nh e a l t hc a r et h a nh a st h evT .K . K e l logg Found a t ion . Th i sr e f l e c t st h eb a s i c con c e r -n o fo u rf o u n d e r ,W . K . -K e l logg , fOT imp rov edh e a l t h . H r . K e l logg w a sa h e a l t hc a r ea dm i n i s t r a t o r f o rt h ef i r s tph a s eo fh i st r i p a r t i t ec a r e e r . H el e f tt h eh o s p i t a lf i e l da t ag e4 6 toe s t a b l i s ht h eb r e a k f a s tc e r e a lcomp any ,t h es u c c e s so fwh i ch t h e n l e dt ot h ee s t a b l i s hm e n to ft h i sf o u n d a t i o ni n1930 w h e nh ew a s7 0y e a r so f a g e , andt owh i ch h ep r o v i d e dp e r s o n a ll e a d e r s h i pu n t i lh i sd e a t ha tag e9 1 i n1951 . Th ev e r yf i r s ta c t i v i t i e so ft h eFound a t ion i nt h ed e c ad eo ft h e3 0 ' s , wh en i t sg eog r aph i cs cop ew a s l im i t e dt os ev enc o u n t i e si ns o u t h c e n t r a l M i ch ig an , w a sw i t ht h eimp rov em en to fh e a l t hs e r v i c e s . F r om t h a tmod e s t b e g i n n i n g ,t h eF o u n d a t i o n ' s invo lv em en ti nimp rov edh e a l t hs e r v i c eand p r o f e s s i o n a le d u c a t i o nn owen comp a s s e st h eW e s t e rn H em i sph e r e , f romC a .nad a t o~ L a t i n Am e r i c a ,p l u sA u s t r a l i a . Thu s ,f o rmo r et h a nf o u rd e c a d e s , ou rf o u n d a t i o nh a sb e en en cou r ag ingand s u p p o r t i n g p i o n e e r i n ge f f o r t sf o r imp rov ingh e a l t hc a r e . I ti sim p o s s i b l et ob r i e f l ysumm a r i z ei na n ad equ a t ew a yt h ev a r i e d p r o j e c t st owh i ch w ea r el e n d i n gs u p p o r t ,b u t ab r i e fl i s t i n gw i l lg i v eyou som ef e e lf o rt h ec e n t r a lcon c e rn imp rov edh e a l t hc a r ef o rpeople ic~ r e f l e c t st h eb a s i cp h i l o s o p h yo fou rf o u n d a t i o n ," f o rt h ea p p l i c a t i o no f know l edg et ot h ep rob l em so fp e o p l e . " As amp l ingo fc u r r e n tp r o j e c t swou ld i n c l u d e -I n n o v a t i o n si nt h ee d u c a t i o n a lc u r r i c u l ao rp a t t e r n sf o rp r e p a r i n g h e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n a l s , 2 �" -Sh a r ed s e r v i c e sam o n gh e a l t hc a r ei n s t i t u t i o n s , I n n o v a t i v esy s t em sf o rp r o v i d i n gb e t t e rh e a l t hc a r ei ns p a r s e l y s e t t l e dr u r a la r e a sa sw e l la si nm e t r o p o l i t a na r e a sand c e n t e r c i t y , Imp rov edm an ag em en t andam r r i n i s t r a t i o ni nh e a l t hc a r es e r v i c e s , - Imp rov edambu l a to l nd em e rg en cy c a r e , J a -T h eQ u a l i t yA s su ran c eP rog r am (QAP )u nd e rt h es p o n s o r s h i po ft h e Am e r i c an Hos p i t a lA s s o c i a t i o n , -P r i v a t eI n i t i a t i v ei nP r o f e s s i o n a lS t a n d a r d sR ev i ew (PSRO ) , ,f i n a l l y ,exp and edp r o g r am si nb i om e d i c a le n g i n e e r i n g ,i n c l u d i u g - and ay e t t o b e a n n o u n c e dg r a n to f$676 ,100 o v e rt h r e ey e a r st ot h e H o s p i t a l Edu c at i o n a lFound a t ion o fSou th e rn C a l i f o r n i a . Th i sg r a n t w i l la i di nt h ee s t a b l i s hm e n tand o p e r a t i o no fa b i om e d i c a le n g i n e e r i n g s h a r e ds e r v i c en e two rk i n v o l v i n gh o s p i t a l st h r o u g h o u tSou th e rn C a l i f o r n i a ,v i it hp a r t i c i p a t i o no ft h eUniv e r s i t yo fSou th e rn C a l i f o r n i a ando t h e re d u c a t i o ni n s t i t u t i o n s . I shou lde x p l a i nt h a tou rf o u n d a t i o ni sa g r an t -m ak ing p h i l a n t h r o p i c o r g a n i z a t i o n ,t h a tvTe d on o ti n i t i a t eand o p e r a t ep rog r am so fO l IT ow n . We s e eou rr o l ea sr e s p o n d i n g ,t ot h ee x t e n to u rr e s o u r c e sp e r m i t , t ot h e p r i o r i t i e sandw e l l l a i dp l a n so fr e s p o n s i b l eo r g a n i z a t i o n s and i n s t i t u t i o n s i nou rf i e l d so fi n t e r e s t . Thu s ,e a cho fou rg r a n t si st oa c~i ie p r o - f e s s i o n a li n s t i t u t i o no rag en cy ,w i t hh i g h l y comp e t en tl e a d e r s h i p ,wh i ch h a s i d e n t i f i e da p rob l em ,d e s ign ed a c r e a t i v er e s p o n s e ,and s e ek sh e l pi n e x p e r im e n t a l l ymov ing t h 8p l a ni n t oa c t i o n . Ev en t h o u g ho u rg r a n t sr e f l e c tsu chcon c e rn sf rom ,i nt h i si n s t a n c e , t h eh e a l t hc a r ef i e l d ,t h e ya r eno ta lw ay sr e c e i v e dw i t h un an imou sa c c l a im . Fo r ex amp l e , ou rs u p p o r tt ot h ep r o j e c t , "P r i .v a t . eI n i t i a t i v ei nPSRC J " re c e iv ed 3 �. · t h ef o l l ow i n gr e s p o n s ef roma p h y s i c i a nw h oi st h es e c r e t a r yo fa r e g i o n a l c o u n c i lo fm ed ica l s t a f f s . T o quo t e ) " Ih av ec a r e f u l l yper u s e dyou r 'P r i v a t eI n i t i a t i v ei nPSRO 'w i t hu t t e r d i s b e l i e ft h a ta p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o nl i k eyou r s wou ld b e com ep a r to fa S o c i5 . l i s t i cs ch em eby a ni n e p tl i b e r a Jb u r e a u c r a c y ,w i t hg o a l so f e conom i cl im i t a t i o no nd e s e r v i n gp a t i e n t sand t h e i rc a r e . " He: c o n t i n u e s ) "You rp r o j e c t spon so r sd on o tr e p r e s e n tt h e~ o ity o p i n i o no ft ~ r a n k o ft h e i rm emb e r sh ip. . . . W h e r ed o you a s sum eah e a l t hc a r ecr i s i s ? I wo rk w i t hp a t i e n t sd a i l yandk n ow o fn oc r i s i s . " H e con c Lud es, " Iamt h e f i r s tt oadm i tt h a tt h e r ei sr o omf o rimp rov em en ti nm e d i c a lc a r eand d e l i v e r ya st h e r ei sp r o b a b l yi nyou ro r g a n i z a t i o n ,b u tw h ob e s tc an m ak e and d e l i n e a t et h e s ech ang e s ? S u r e l yn o t gov e rnm en ta t t o r n e y sand b u r e a u c r a t sw i t hn o know l edg eo ft h eev e ryd ayp rOb l em so fp a t i e n t sand t h e i rh e a l t h . " Wh i l e we v e r ym u c hr e g r e th i sm i s u n d e r s t a n d i n go ft h ep r o je c tt owh i ch w ea r el e n d i n gs u p p o r tanda r ed i sm ay edby a numb e ro fun found ed aE s e r t i o n s i nt h ecomp l e t et e x t )w e , i nf a c t )a g r e ew i t hm a n yo fh i sb a s i cc o n c e r n s . I t w a s ou rc o n v i c t i o n )i nc omm o nw i t hh i s ,t h a tl e a d e r s h i pi np r o f e s s i o n a l s t a n d a r d sr ev i ew sshou ldc om ef romt h ep ro f ' e e si . o n a .Lf i e l dt h a tl e du st os u p p o r t o fp r i v a t ei n i t i a t i v ei nt h i sa r e a ) hop ing t h a tr e s p o n s i b l ea c t i o nbyt h ef i e l d m igh t i n f l u e n c et h eu l t im a t ep a t t e r nwh i ch s o c i e t ys e em s comm i t t edt oe s t a b l i s h . Ou rr a t i o n a l et e n d st or u nmo r e c l o s e l yw i t ht h a te x p r e s s e dby t h e P r e s i d e n to ft h eM i ch ig an S t a t eM ed i c a l S o c i e t yi nt h eS o c i e t y ' sJ o u r n a lf o r J a n u a r y . T o quo t ef romD r . B rook e r sL .M a s t e r s ) " I ,t o o ,amv e r yw o r r i e d abou tt h eim p l i c a t i o n so ft h i sn ewl aw(PSRO ) o ft h el a n d . Bu ti t s ay st om et h a tt h ep eop l ea r ed em and ing t h a tw e 4 �•i upg r ad e p2 e rr e v i ewt om e e tt o d a y ' sl e v e lo fm ed i c a l e x p e r t i s e ,n o tw i th o l d f a s h i o n e di d e a sb u tv it hb r and -n ew c ompu t e r t e chno logyt .h a tw i l l b r i n gt h eb e s tq u a l i t ym ed i c a l c a r et oa l lp a t i e n t s . And , d o n ' tf o r g e t , t h a ta tt h em om e n t PSRO s t a t e st h a tw ea r et od ot h ep e e rr e v i ew ,no on e e l s e . We mu s tn o tf l u bt h i sd i r e c t i v e ,f o ri f w e do ,t h e r ew i l lb eo t h e r s who w i l ls e tt h es t a n d a r dandmon i to r ou rp r a c t i c e . (S om e h owt h i sf a c t a l o n en e g a t e st h ea rgum en t so ft h o s ew h o wou ld h av eu sr e s i g nf romPSRO . Wh e r e do e st h a tl e a v eu s , ex c ep ti na b l i n da l l e yw i t hn or o om f o r m an euv e r ? ) " Th e r es e em sa l s oa d ang e ri nPSRO t h a tt h ep r e o c c u p a t i o nw i l lb eo nc o s t c o n t a i nm e n t . As p e c i a lemph a s i si nt h ep r i v a t ei n i t i a t i v e sw ea r es u p p o r t i n g i sw i t hq u a l i t y ,t om in im i z e t h eh a z a r do fl o o k i n ga tc o s tw i t h o u tc o n s i d e r i n g q u a l i t a t i v ea s p e c t sa sw e l l . I I I I nt h ed i f f i c u l tp r o c e s so fe s t a b l i s h i n gp r i o r i t i e sf e rou rp rog r a f f i f f i ing , ou ra t t em p ti st oi d e n t i f yandd e f i n es i g n i f i c a n tp rob l em s wh i ch c anb e a d d r e s s e d . J u s ta st h e r ei sm u c h i nt h et o t a lAm e r i c an s c en eabou twh i ch o ~ c anb ee i t h e rp roud o rc r i t i c a l ,s o ,t o o ,i st h e r ed i v e r s i t yo fev id en c ea s on ev i e \ r st h eh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r ys c en ei nou rc o u n t r y . F i r s t ,t h e r ei s mu ch abou twh i ch w ec anh av ea d e ep s en s eo fs a t i s f a c t i o nandp r i d e . Th e r e i sno n e ed t od ev e lop fU l l yo re l a b o r a t ef o rsu cha syou t h eg r e a ts t r e n g t h s o fo u rh e a l t hc a r esy s t em ,b u t a do cum en t a t ionwou ld i n c l u d esu cha st h er i c h n e s so fp h y s i c a lr e s o u r c e s b u i l d i n g s ,equ ipm en t , andm a t e r i a lw h e r ew i t h a l d e d i c a t e dt oh e a l t hc a r e ;t h em a rv e l so fmod e rn h e a l t ht e c h n o l o g y ;t h ed i v e r s i t y andabund an c eo fp r o f e s s i o n a landp a r a p r o f e s s i o n a lm anpow e r i nt h eh e a l t hf i e l d ; 5 �•J andt h eg rowings e n s i t i v i t yo fou rs o c i e t yt ot h eh e a l t hn e ed so fa l l ,w i t h su chg row ing c om m i tm en ta p r e r e q u i s i t eto a nu l t im a t er e a r r a n g em en to f p r i o r i t i e sa n dr e a l l o ca t i o no fr e s o u r c e s . A t t h es am et im e ,t h o u gh tf u lan dr e s p o n s i b l el e a d e r si nt h ehea l t hf i e l d ~e con c e rn edw i t hd e f i c i e n c i e s and i n a d e q u a c i e s . T oa s u b s t a n t i a le x t e n t , t h e s ea r esumm a r i z edi nt b ei s su e st owh i ch a t t e n t i o ni sd i r e c t e di nt h i s c o n f e r e n c e : q u a l i t y , co n t i n u i t yan dc omp r eh en s iv en e s so fca r e ;d e l i v e r y sy s t em s ;f i nanc i n g ; co mmlm it yfo cu s; an d op e r a t i o n a le f f e c t i v e n e s s . I nt h ep l u r a l i st i ct r a d i t i o no fou r Am e r i c an s o c i e t y ,t h ep a r t i c u l a rr o l e o fp r i v a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yto s o c i e t a lp rog r e s si st h een cou r ag em e n to fim lov a t i o n . v i~e p h i l a n t h r o p i c re s o u r c e sa r ea lm o s tm i n i s c u l ei nr e l a t i o nt ot o t a le x p e n d i - t u r e so ft h eAm e r i ca n pU b l i cf o rh ea l t h ,p h i l a n t h r o p i cf lmd sr e p r e s e n tt h er i s k c a p i t a lwh i ch h a sb ee nr e s p o n s i b l ef o rm a n yi n n o v a t i o n si nh e a l t ht e c h n o l o g y , e d l l c a t i o n , and d e l i ve r y . Wh i l e t h eo p e r a t i n gb u d g e t so fm a n yo ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n s wh i ch you r e p r e s e n ta r el a r g e rt h a nt h ebudg e to ft h eK e l logg Foundat i o n ,ou r fund sa r ee s s e n t i a l l y"u n r e s t r i c t e d "wh e r e a st h et y p i c a li n s t i t u t i o n a lbudg e t i sp r e c omm i t t e d ,w i t h littlef l ex i b i l i t yo ro p t i o nf o rc r e a t i v eandun c e rta i n u n d e r t a k i n g s . Obv iou s ly ,b e c au s et h e r ei sg re a td i v e r s i t yi nt h ep u r p o s e s ,p h i l o s o p h ie s , and p r o c e d u r e so ft h ef o u n d a t i o n so ft h i sc o u n t r y ,Ic anno t sp e akf o ra l l . I t i sa s a f eg e n e r a l i z a t i o n , how ev e r ,t h a tp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n sa r econ c e rn edt h a t t h e i rl im i t e dr e s o u r c e sb ed i r e c t edn o tt og e n e r a lo p e r a t i o n a lpu rpo s e so rt o "mo r eo ft h es am e "b u tr a t h e rt os i g n i f i c a n tp i o n e e r i n gv e n t u r e s . Fo r wh a t ev e ru s e f u l n e s si t m a yb et oyou i nc o n s i d e r i n gp o s s i b l ep r i v a t e o rf o u n d a t i o nsu ppo r tf o ri mp rov ing p r a c t i c e s , Iwou ld s h a r et h ef o l l ow i ng o b s e r v a t i o n sf romou re x p e r i e n c e . 6 �A sw e su rv eyi nb r o a dt e rm st h ep r o p o s a l s com ing t ou s f r om cO ITDun i t i e s , i n s t i t u t i o n s ,o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,c o l l e g e sandu n i v e r s i t i e sw i t hl o c a l ,a r e ao r n a t i o n a lc o n c e r n s i nr e l a t i o nt oh e a l t hc a r ed eL i .v e r -y, I wou ld m a k e t h ef o l low ingp o i n t s : 1 . G e n e r a l l y ,p ropo s edu n d e r t a k i n g sa r en o ti m a g i n a t i v e enough ,b e i n g mo s t o f t e nd em o n s t r a t i o n so fmo r e o ft h es am e ,w i t hm ino r andv e r y o f t e ns u p e r f i c i a li n n o v a t i o n si nfo rm ,s t y l e ,o rm e thod . Th ey t e n d t ofo cu sa tt h em a rg in s o fch ang er a t h e rt h a na tt h ec e n t r a li s s u e s . 2 . V e ry o f t e np r o p o s a l sr e p r e s e n tp i e c em e a l and f r agm en t ede ~o t i n a d e q u a t et os o l v i n gt h ep rob l em . Som e t im e st h i sf r a gm e n t a t i o ni s r e l a t e dt oi n s t i t u t i o n a ls t r u c t u r e ,i no t h e ri n s t a n c e st o ~ o p r o f e s s i o n a li n t e r e s t so r ana p p a r e n tf a i l u r et or e c o g n i z et h e who l en e s so ft h ep a t i e n tandh i sh e a l t hc o n c e r n s . ~o ane x t e n t ,ou r con c e rn si nh e a l t hc a r ei nt h i sc o u n t r ya r ea con s equ en c eo ff r a g m e n t a t i o no fe f f o r tand a ne r o s i o no fcon c e rnf o rt h ep a t i e n t . E f f o r t s t or e d r e s st h es i t u a t i o nmu s tb ed r am a t i c a l l yd i f f e r e n tf romt h es t a t u s quo , and o f t e nr e q u i r ecomm i tm en t and a c t i o nbymo r et h a non ei n s t i t u t i o no rp r o f e s s i o n a lg roup . 3 . V e ry o f t e np ropo s ed a c t i v i t i e sr e f l e c t ,r a t h e rt h a na p r im a ry fo cu s upon t h eh e a l t hp rob l em so fp e o p l e ,ap r e o c c u p a t i o nw i t hp r o f e s s i o n a l i n t e r e s t so ri n s t i t u t i o n a ln e ed s ando b j e c t i v e s . Wh i l e i t wou ld s e ema p p r o p r i a t eandl o g i c a lt h a ton ec o u l de x p e c tt h eh e a l t hc a r e sy s t emt ob ed e s i g n e d ando p e r a t e dt ot h eb e s ti n t e r e s t so ft h e u l t im a t eb e n e f i c i a r y ,t h ep a t i e n t s ,t h emo r e on el e a r n st h emo r e on eb e com e ss u s p i c i o u st h a tt h i si sn o ti nf a c tt h ec a s e . T od a t e , t h eAm e r i c an pUb l i ch a sv e s t e dc o n f i d e n c eandr e s p o n s i b i l i t yf o r hea lthc a r ei nh e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n a l s . J u s ta spUb l i cc o n f i d e n c ei n 7 �h i8 he re ducat i o nh as sot o oi spUb l i cc on f i d e n c ei nou r lte e ~ hea l t hca re sy stem be comingl e s sce rta in andmor eC lue s t i o n i n g . H op e f 'u . l .L y,you andyou rp rof ' ess i . o n a .L c o l l e a .gu e si no t h e rh e a l t h d i s c i p l i nes w i l lm ee t th i ss i t u a t i o nwi t hr e s p o n s i b l ean dc on s t r u c t i v ea c t i o nra t h e r th a nu l t im a t e l yre s p ond ingle s s sa ti s fa c t o ril y t ovar i e d( ;rises a ndp r e s s u r e s . IV I ncons i d e r i n gi n n o v a t i o n s n ewi e ~ et o ~ d e v i c e s ,s y s t em s i n h e a l t hc a r e ,I f i n di t u s e f u lt oapp ro a cht h ef u t u r ew i t h ab i f o c a lp e r s p e c t i v e , f o c u s i n gb ot hup on t h ei n d i v i d u a la nd upon t h ea gg re g a t es o c i e t y . e t i ly~ as i g n i f i c a n tc h a r a ct e r i s t i co fmod e rn l i f ei st h ef a c tt h a ts o c i e t yi s i n c r e a s i n g l ydom in atedby l a r g e , comp l ex o r g a n i z a t i o n s . N ev e rh av et h ev~ o fJohnD o n n e bee n m o re t r u e : "N om a ni sa ni l ~ ' e n t i r eo fi t s e l f . "I n mod e rn Ame r i c aev e r ype r s on i s8. memb e ro fa n d / o rha sh i sl i f e sh ap ed , i l e ce ~ and c o n t r o l l e dby comp lexo r g a n i z a t i o n s . Con cu r r en tw i t h l a r g en es sand comp l ex i tyi ns o c i e t a ls t r u c t u r ei st h ee l em en to f d e p e r s o n a l iz a t i o n . S i n c ep h y s i ca landm en t a lh ea l t hi ss op e r s o n a la tte ~ i t i sim p e r a t i v e t h a tt h ei n d i v i d u a lr em a inim p o r t a n tandp r im a r y . I ti st o oe a s y ,i nt h e i n t r i c a c i e sandma c h i n a t i o n so fi n c r e a s i n g l ys o p h i s t i c a t e dh e a l t h y te ~ t ol o s et h ep r im a l con c e rnf o rt h eu l t im a t eb e n e f i c i a r y t h ei n d i v i d u a l p a t i e n t . M u c ho ft h epe r s o n a lf r u s t r a t i o no ft h ei n d i v i d u a lc o p i n gw i t ht h e h e a l t hd e l i v e r ys y st emandm uch o ft h ec r i t i c i smby e n l i g h t e n e do bs e r v e r s r e l a t e st ot h i sim p e r s o n a l iz a t i o n . Common s e n s es u g g e s t st h a tt h es p o t l ig h t i nh e a l t hc a r ede l i v e r ym us tbe upon t h ei n d i v i d u a lp a t i e n t . T ot h ee x t e n t a l IT i n s t i t u t i on s and p r o f e s s i o n s hav ev e e r e df romt h i sc o u r s e a n ai t w ou l d 8 �appear that the deviation is great indeed--corrective measuxes must be taken. Your profession simply cannot focus on beds, technology, practice, and forms as ends in themselves. The second dimension relates to total society. The evidence is clear tha.t certain Americans, by reason of geography, income, social considerations, have less than adequate health care. This too is a reality requiring change. To comment on innovations for the future, it's necessary to refer back to the problems which concern us--issues such as access and availability of care, continuity and comprehensiveness of care, proQuctivity of various elements of the system, cost and financing, quality. With these central issues in mind, from our vantage point we see such promising opportunities as the following: 1. Reorganization of institutional ambulatory health services away from an endless series of specialty-oriented clinics to a more comprehensive family-centered health service unit utiliZing such qualified personnel as nurse practitioners and physicians assistants for health maintenance functions, preventive health programs, and long-term supervision of chronic conditions. In this regard, perhaps thought should be given to the implementation of the concept of vertical care, with an ambitious implementation of the principles of preventive medicine and provision of quality health care in the least-cost manner and circumstance. 2. Development of institution-based outreach programs, such as home care, primary care clinics in under-served areas, and appropriate linkages or relationships with other care providers, such as nursing homes. 9 �3 . Expe r ime n t a t i o nr e g a r d i n gt h eh o s p i t a lr o l ei nt h ep r o v i s i o no f p r im a ry c a r e ,t h ecompon en to fcomp r eh en s iv ec a r ep e rh ap sl e a s t -w e l l s e r v e dc u r r e n t l y . T h e~ lic i ns e a r c hf o rsu chc a r e ,h a st u r n e d t ot h ecommun i ty h o s p i t a l ,v i at h eem e rg en cyroom . Bu tt h een e rg en cy r o omi sn o tt h ep r o p e rs e t t i n gf o rq u a l i t yp r im a ry c a r e ,f o rem e r -g en cy a r et e n d st ob ee p i s o d i candv e r ye x p e n s i v e . B e t t e r an sw e r s r o omc a r ea v a i l a b l e ,a r eb e i n gd emon s t r a t ed i ns om ei s o l a t e di n s t a n c e s , andshou ldb emo r ec h a r a c t e r i s t i co ft h ed e l i v e r y sy s t em . . 4 . Deve lopm en t o fr a t i o n a lp a t t e r n sf o rh a n d l i n gt r u eem e rg en cym e d i c a l p rob l em s ,w i t ht h ed i v i s i o no fl a b e ramong s ti n s t i t u t i o n sa long r a t i o n a ll i n e sandw i t ha ni n t e g r a t e dt r a n s p o r t a t i o nand co ~ ic t i o n ssy s t em . 5 . Deve lopm en to fe f f e c t i v ep o~ o fi n p a t i e n te d u c a t i o nf o ri l l n e s s m an ag em en t , w i t h an imp rov em en to ft h ep a t i e n tIsu n d e r s t a n d i n go f h i sp rob l em and ~ e p r o c e d u r e st h a tw i l lb ep e r fo rm ed , and v~t an emph a s i supon t h ep a t i e n t ' sa p p r o p r i a t er e s p o n s i b i l i t yf o rh i s i n d i v i d u a lr e h a b i l i t a t i o nand c o n t i n u i n gh e a l t hm a in t en an c e . 6 . Fu r t h e rd ev e lopm en t and s y s t em i z a t i o no ft h er e l a t i o n s h i po f' e d u c a t i o nand s e r v i c ei nt h eh e a l t hf i e l d s . N o t o n l ymu s t t h e r e b ed r am a t i c ch ang e si nt h ee d u c a t i o n a lp r o c e s s e s andr e l a t i o n s h i p s bywh i ch p eop l eb e com eq u a l i f i e dandp r e p a r e df o rh e a l t hc a r e e r s ; t h e r emu s t a l s ob e imp rov em en ti nr e l a t i o n s h i p sb e tw e en e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n sandh e a l t hs e r v i .cei n s t i t u t i o n sand s e t t i n g s . S om ehow w e mu s tb r i n gt or e a l i t yt h emu ch -d i s cu s s ed con c ep to fa h e a l t h d e l i v e r yn e two rk a si t r e l a t e st ob o t he d u c a t i o nandh e a l t hc a r e d e l i v e r y . S t a r t i n gw i t ht h eh e a l t hn e ed so ft h ei n d i v i d u a l ,t h i s 10 �mu s t c o n s i d e rt h et o t a l i t yendm u l t i p l i c i t yo f compon en t si nt h e d e l i v e r ys y s t e u : t h ei n d i v i d u a lp r i v a t ep r a c t i t i o n e r ,t h el o c a l c l i n i co rs e r v i c ec e n t e r ,pUb l i ch e a l t ha g e n c i e s ,t h es p e c i a l i z e d c l i n i c ,t h ecommun i tyh o s p i t a l ,t h el a r g em e t r o p o l i t a nh e a l t hc e n t e r , and t h eg r e a tt e a c h i n gandr e s e a r c hc e n t e r s . E a ch i sa v i t a l e l em e n t b u tf a i l u r e si nc o o r d i n a t i o n ,c o n t i n u i t y ,c om p l · e h e n s i v e n e s s , c om p a . s s i o n ,t o oo f t e nl e a v ethei n d i v i d u a lcon fu s edand in ad equ a t e l y a t t e n d e d . 1 . Enhancemen to fp r e s e r v i c eand i n s e r v i c ee d u c a t i o ni nt h eh o s p i t a l s e t t i n gf o rh e a l t hp e r s o n n e l . Th i ss e t t i n gi sn o to n l ya p p r o p r i a t e b u te s s e n t i a lf o rc e r t a i na s p e c t so fe d u c a t i o nandt r a i n i n g . H o s p i t a l sa r eb e com ing mo r e con s c iou so ft h e i re d u c a t i o n a lr o l eand i nm a n y i n s t a n c e sa r eb e g i n n i n gt oe s t a b l i s hi n s t i t u t i o n -w i d ee d u c a t f o n andt r a i n i n gp rog r am s . Su ch p rog r a l l l s en co l lp a s s emp loy e eo r i e n t a t i o n , o n t h e j o bt r a i n i n g ,s u p e r v i s o r y evelop~e t c a r e e rm o b i l i t y , c l i n i c a li n s t r u c t i o n ,i n s e r v i c ee d u c a t i o n ,p a t i e n te d u c a t i o n , and commun i ty e d u c a t i o n . 8 . E l a b o r a t i o no ft h er o l eo ft h et r u s t e ei nt h eh e a l t hc a r esy s t em . T h ei n s t i t u t i o n a lb o a r do ft r u s t e e s ,i f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e ,w e l lq u a l i f i e d , andw e l l in fo rm ed ,i sa ne s s e n t i a le l em en ti nr e s p o n s i v ei n s t i t u t i o n a l a dm i n i s t r a t i o n . T r u s t e e sc an a s s i s ti nk e ep ing t h eend e avo ro r i e n t e d t ot h eu l t im a t epu rpo s e so ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n ,abov et h emo r ev e s t e d i n t e r e s t so ft h ei n s t i t u t i o ni t s e l f ,i t sp r o f e s s i o n a lcompon en t s , and i t sp e r s o n n e l . On ec o u l dg oo nv i r t u a l l yad i n f i n i t umw i t hi n n o v a t i v eo p t i o n s . I ~ l s t r e s sou rb a s i cp h i l o s o p h y , how ev e r ,t h a tt h ean sw e r st oimp rov edh e a l t hc a r e 11 �d e l i v e r y~ t c om ef romt h ef i e l d t h a tm e an s you andyou rc o l l e a g u e si n s e r v i c e3 nd e d u c a t i o n . We a rE .n a i v ei f w e exp e c tr e a ls o l u t i o n st oi n d i v i d u a l and commun i ty n e ed st oc om ef romfund ingc e n t e r s ,wh e th e rt h e yb ei n W a sh i l l [ ' ; ton , D .C . ,N e l l Yo rk , o rB a t t l eC r e ek . P r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n s ,a s on e s o u r c eo fv e n t u r ec a p i t a lf o ryou re f f o r t s ,a l oe s e n s i t i v et ot h e s ep rob l em s and o p p o r t u n i t i e sa n d .l v i l lc o n t i n u et ob er e c e p t i v et oyou ri d e a sandp l a n s . v I nc l o s i n gt h e n ,m yc h a l l e n g ei st oyou ,a sp r o f e s s i o n a l si nh e a l t hc a r e , t ob ei n n o vB t i v e ,r e s p o n s i v e ,r e s p o n s i b l e . I n c r e a s i n g l y ,h e a l t hc a r ei n s t i t u t i o n s · · i n d i v i d u a l l yand i nc o a l i t i o n -m u s tt a k el e a d e r s h i pand sp e ak f o rt h ep e o p l e ' sh e a l t hn e ed si nt h el a r g e rs e n s e . Th ey c anno tv i ew th em s e l v e ss imp lya sp l a c e swh e r ea o c t o r sp r a c t i c ew i t ht h el a t e s tequ ipm en t and t e c h n o l o g yo nt h a tsm a l lf r a c t i o no fi l l n e s swh i ch U l t im a t e l y mu s tb ed e a l t w i t h on p a t i e n t si na h o r i z o n t a lp o s i t i o n . I n s t i t u t i o n a lp r o v i d e r so fh e a l t h s e rv i c e s commun i tyh o s p i t a l sw i t ht h e i rm ed i c a ls t a f f s ,o t h e rh e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n a l s ,a dw i n i s t r a t i v ep e r s o n n e l ,t . ru s te es c -h av et h et a l e n t ,p r e s t i g e~ and p o s i t i o nt oa n a l y z eand p l a nf o rt h et o t a lh e a l t hn e ed so ft h e i rcommun i t i e s andt ob r i n gt h e i rv e r yg r e a tpow e r and i n f l u e n c et ob e a ro ns e e k i n gand imp l em en t ings o l u t i o n st osho r t com ing sandg ap si nh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r y . Th i sa syou k n owm e an sm u c h mo r e t h a ns imp lyadd ingmo r eb ed so rmo r e p e r s o n n e l ; i t requ f . re st h el a r g e rv i ew ,r e c o g n i z i n gt h en a t u r eo fh um a nh e a L t . hn e ed s and b o t hr e a l i g n i n ge x i s t i n gr e s o u r c e sandg e n e r a t i n gn ew r e s o u r c e sand sy s t em s t os e r v e . O b v i o u s l y , ap r i n c i p a lpu rpo s eo ft h i sco e ~ ce i st ob r i n gp h y s i c i a n s andh o s p i t a l sc l o s e rt o g e t h e rt od i s c u s sm a t t e r so fc omm o n con c e rn . Th i si s : i2 �a l lt ot h egood and I c omm e n dyou . T o oo f t e nt h ev a r i o u sp a r t so fou r he a l t h sy s t emh av ei n t e r r e l a t e dw i t hf r i c t i o nr a t h e rt h a nf u s i o n . Wo rk ing to et e ~ t h e r ei sind e edm u c ht h a tt h ep h y s i c i a nandt h eh os p i t a lc and of o rt h e b e t t e rm e n to ft h i sc o u n t r y ' she a l t hs e r v i c e s . A s you p ro c e ed i nt h ei n i t i a t i o n o fn ev p a t t e r n sand fo rm s~ s o c i e t y ' sr e s p o n s ew i l lb ee n t h u s i a s t i c :andt h e r e " r i l ls u r e L yb e exp and edp r i v a t evo lun t a ry s u p p o r tt of a c i l i t a t eyou re f f o r t s . B e s tw i sh e sf o ra p r o d u c t i v ec o n f e r e n c e . 13 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1974-01-30_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Outlook for Voluntary Support of Improvement in Community Health Practices Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 30, 1974 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Fifth Annual Conference on the Physician and the Hospital. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc. Health Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-01-30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e5d8def2128fd0ba45d1526ca1cdfa29.pdf 8c34c2b9fc696f5073ccfa8e40f690ef PDF Text Text -, / ~.,s) h ~ _- --h>- k-..L -zr: 20 --y- ~-.lW\. ) C!..-L ~,L. \;tA-t ~ r 3 ~ - ) _ _ tL.. .~- o ~- ~ 2-~ fL- ~"'J-I'...- H ~. ~ - , ) / CJ) �I I . AT emp t a t ion ,i np r e p a r i n gt h e s er em a r k s ,t ot u r nt h ec a l e n d a rah e ad a n o t h e r100 y e a r s ,f rom197¢ t ot h eyea r2 ~, andcommen tf romt h a t v an t ag ep o i n t on t h er e s ea r c hand edu c a t i o n a lf r am ewo rko ft h el a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n s .W e r eI t odo s o ,Iwou ld t a k et h er o l eo fan a r c h a e o l o g i s t ,pok ing amongth er u i n st odo cum en tt h em ann e r i nwh i ch and f o rwh a tr e a s o n sthe C o l l eges o fAg ri c u l t u r ep a s s e din t oo b l i v i o n ~ .._ ~~. -.~ ~2- ~~ -.. ~~ m i dw ay t h r o u gh t h e i rs e con dc e n t u r y A soe r i n gi d e a ,b u t one f o r u ) wh i ch cou ldb u i l da conv i n c i n 8c a s e . Afa s c i n a t i n gte chniQ .ue , emp loy ed .by T r i s t r am B e r e s f o r d , an En c ; l i sh f a rm e rwho l o o kedo n l y to~ y e a r 2015 i nde s c r i b i n gt h et r a n s f o rm a t i o n o fB r i t i s ha g r i c u l t u r e . O fd a ir y ine " f o rex a mp l e ,h es a i d : "Nowh e r ed i dt h ecom p lexo fs o c i a land e conom i cf o r c e sb e a rmor e s e v e r e l yt h an onth ed a iry ing i n d u s t r y . Th ec r i t i c a lf a c t o rh e r e w a s t h ep u r e l yhum an n eedt ok e ep up w i t ht h eJ o n e s e s . F ew e r and f ew e rw an t ed t om i lk cow ss ev end ays a w e ek i nan ag eo fi n c reas ing l e i s u r e . F am i ly fa rm e r sw e r ep rep aredt o ,f o rSUb j e c ti v er e a s o n s , b u to n l y so l o n ga sl i f eand s t r e n g t hl a s t e d .T h e i rc h i l d r e nc e r t a i n l yw e r en o t , andthef l i g h tf romth ev a l l e y so fWal e sw a s r e s p o n s i b l ef o ra c r o po fa ( ' ;r ic u l t u r n .l econom i s t swh i ch w a s Q.u ite af e a t u r eo ft h e' 5 0 sand'60 s•.I tse em st h a tt h eg ir ls w e r et h e f i r s tt ol e a v ehom e . Th e boy sn o tu n n a t u r a l l y fo l low ed . Th eo l d p e o p l er em a in edb e h i n d . Th en e x tg en e ra tion w e r eg l a dt os e l l t h ef am i lyf a rmwh en i nc o u r s eo ft im ei tc am et oth em . Tho s e who w e r el e f ton t h eh o l d i ng sf a i l edt of i n dw iv e s andt h er a c e o fdom e s t i cm i lk pr o d u c e r sdw ind l ed . "A tt h eo t h e r endo ft h es c a l et h eb i go p e r a t o r sw e r e fi g h t i n ga l o s i n gb a tt l ew i t h cos ts . Cow sre f u s e dt ob em i lk ed by r e mo t e c o n t r o lev enwh en sYmme t r i c a lJe r s e yudd e r sh adb e enb r e don t o F rie s ian s t o c k . Th ei d e ao fm i lk i ng t h ecow sw i thou th i r e d la bou rw a s un th i n kab l e . Af e wtr i ed and foun dt h a ti t d idn o t ag r e ew i ththem . T he shor t a g eo fsk ill e dm i lke r s ,l i k et h e J ~~ o fout d oo r nhcphcr -ds, bcc runo acu tc . J. ~ c o n tru c to r -o I 'L ou riuhcd for 0. timeund th eb e e fo ut Lc tkep tt h i n { ? ;G g o ing ,b u ti nt h eend i t w a s d i s cover e dt h a tth e r ewe r e econom ic adv a n t a Ge si nt h efe e d -lo t on on es i d eand t h eca ttle r an c h on t h eo t h e r . So d a i r yi n gsuccumb edto t h eP l a n tM i lk In du s t r y, i c hc o n v e r t sg rass mo r ee f f i c i e n t l yt h a nt h ecow , andwh os e wh p rod u c t i o ns c h e d u l ecan b eg e a r edto t h ef o u r d ay w e ek . T h e w i t c hw a s g r a d u a l , and t h e r ei sl i t t l eev id en ceth a t th e pub l ic s o b j e c t e dt ot h ech ange f romt h ebi o l o g i c a lt othe bac te rio lo g ica l ly �pu r er indu s t r ia l sU bs titu te . A f t er a l l, byt h a t tim e , ou r d i e t con s is ted o fs t and a r df ood p rodu c t s, and m an y youngp eop l e d i s l i k e dt h ei d e aa s we l la st h eta s t eo fcow 's m i l k . I th a d a tu r a lt od ri n ki t . " cea sedto be n , ~) /;.-: : / · A • .. "....'.-,,~ - , -\'-..~ , J\ ~ ' " LA - ~) . ......-u 3 v ' c . ."'"-'_ / J ex:: --I > ~ V~ "v �IV , Fo rP e r sp e c t i v e ,u s e f u lt ot u r np a ck t ot h ep e r i o di nh i s t o r ya c e n t u r y ago , wh en wh a t i spe r h aps ou rc o u n t r y ' s on ly o r i g i n a li d e ai nh i g h e r e d u c a t i o n-t h el a n d g ra n t sy s tem-w a s c o n c e i v ed : 1850(1862 )- a conce rn f o rf a r m ing and f a rmpeop le ,t om ak e t h e adv an t a g e so fh iGhe r ~ av a il a b le t ot h e son s and d a u g h t e r so ff a r me r s ~~ t h e wo rk ing c l a s s e s ,t od i r e ct t h e at t e n t ion o f suchi n s t i t u t i o n stot h ep ro b l em so fe a r n i n ga l i v i ng a s we l las l i v ingali f e . '18 8 7-th e n ,t h erea l i za t i o nw ed idn ' t know enou gh , sor e s e a r c h , 18 98-a conce rn f o rth e qu a l i t yo ffam i lyl i f e ,so1 l . 0m ee co nom i c s 1900- a conce rnt h a tt r a d i t i o n a ls ch o o l i n gw a sn 't p r e p a r i n g y o u n g s t e r sf o rt h ek i n ds o fl i v e st h e ywou ld le ad,soB os andG i rl sCl u bwo rk , now4 -H -t h e es tab li shm e n t by C o l l ege so fAg r i c u l t u r eo fd e p a r t m en t s o fru r a l edu cat i o n ando fr u r a ls o c i o l o gy , con c e rn e dw i th t h ew e l l b e i ng o fru ra lf o l k s 1914- tom ak eth e reSOD r c e so ft h ecom pu s ava i lab l et oa l l , Ex ten s ion ! �A l l t h e s ed ev e lopm en t s ,i n n o v a t i o n so ft h eh i g h e s to r d e r and ~ g r e a t e s ts o c i a land e conom i cs i g n i f i c a n c e ,a p r o d u c to ff a rml e a d e r s h i p ,r e p r e s e n t e da con c e rn f o rmo r e t h a nj u s tf a rmpr o d u c ti o nand m an ag em e r r t ~ a con c e rn f o rt h ef 'a r rne r,h i sf am i lyandh i sc omm u ni t y a sw e l l . v . Change has been a cha r a c t e r i s t i co ft h ec e n t u r y . An Ame r i c a nP r e side n t on c es a id " ' : ' -"Th e dogm a so ft h eQu i e tp a s ta r e in ad eQu a t et o~ s t o rmy :p r e s en t . . . A so u rc a s ei sn ew , somu s t w et h i n kan ew anda c tan ew . " T he P r e s i d e n t wa s Ab r ah amL i n c o l n ,t h et im ew a s 1862 . q n c eGov ern o r Me C 'n n e ;g jg ped the e4 :Ag Ii c a l Lme, ~ ef iB : l " l :ge s bj" 9 s t .a : a3 : i -eb i ' i ' t g=b h : l : sC t> eg e AmQng .t h em :• 1 . Ou r sw a s t h e nan a g r a r i a ns o c i e t y ,j u s ton t h et h r e s h o l do ft h e p r o c e s so fi n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n u r b a n i z a t i o nwh i ch h a s som a rk ed ly ch ang edt h es t a t u so fa g r i c u l t u r ei nt h eso c i a e conom i ccomp l ex . 2 . Wh e r e a s ac e n t u r yago ,t h eC o l l e g eo fA g r i c u l t u r ei nmo s t l a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n sw a s a dom in an tu n i t ,t o d a yi so n l y a mod e s t p a r to fa comp r eh en s iv e ,s o p h i s t i c a t e di n s t i t u t i o no fh i g h e r e d u c a t i o n . V e ry o f t e na r a t h e ri n s u l a rs ~ , n o ti n t e g r a l l y r e l a t e dt ot .h el a r g e ra c ad em ic and s c i e n t i f i ccommun i ty . 3 . 100y e a r s ago ,j u s tl a l i l l ch ingi n t oa c e n t u r yo ft e c h n o l o g i c a l d ev e lopm en t wh i ch h a sp rodu c ed t h eh i g h e s ts t a n d a r do fl i v i n gi n t h eh i s t o r yo fm an . Now , how ev e r , ou rs o c i e t yi se v i d e n c i n gan i n c r e a s i n gcon c e rn f o rt h eQ u a l i t yo fL i f e( n o tj u s tt h eQ u a n t i t y ) a v a i . l a b l et oe a ch i n d i v i d u a l . �-114 . A sa g r i c u l t u r a ls c i e n c eh a sp r o g r e s s e d ,b e en a s p e c i a l i z a t i o n and f r a gm en t a t ion. . . inth es t r u c t u r eo fc o l l e g e s and d ep a r tm e n t s , i nt h ef a b r i co fr e s e a r c h ,i nt h eindu s tr yo ff a rm ing ,i nt h em a z e o ff a rmo r g a n i z a t i o n s andt h ei n s t i t u t i o n swh i ch s e r v ea g r ic u l . tu r e , e n t u r yago ,h adP r o fe s s o r so fAg r i c u J t u r e ; now , who look sa t Ac t h et o t a l ? Th ec l i c h e . . . "F a rm e r sh ave p rob l em s ,c o l l e g e sh av e s~. . i sn o tw i thout s u b s t a n c e . i : \ �- -- - V I . Tu rn ing nowt ot h ef u t u r e ,comm en tb r i e f l yon t h r e et i d e so fcon c e rn wh i ch a r er u n n i n gandwh i ch s e emt oh av es i g n i f i c a n c ef o rt h er e s e a r c h and e d u c a t i o n a lf r am ewo rk ~ l a n dg r a n ta si tr e l a t e st oag r i c u l t ur e : A . Comme r c i a lA g r i c u l t u r e -you c an do cum en tb e t t e rt h a nI t h e s t a r t l i n gch ang e s wh i ch h av et a k e n I l ~ i ncomm e r c i a la g r i c u l t u r e i nt h el a s td e c ad e . P ro jec tions f o rt h ef u t u r emu s tb eb a s e d on t h ea s sump t iont h a tth e ch ang e so ft h en e x td e c ad ew i l lc au s et h e p a s t 10y e a r st oapp e a rt r a n q u i li nr e t r o s p e c t ;mu s t r e c o g n i z eth a t n e a r l ya l lp a s tp r e d i c t i o n so ft h ef u t u r eh av eb e en w rong onth e /c o n s e r v a t i v es i d e . 1 . T h ef a n t a s t i cr a t eo ft e c h n o l o g i c a ld ev e lopm en ti sf a s t con sum ing t h ep r e s e n ts t o c ko f~ - s s c i e n t i f i c l ~ . I ng e n e r a l ,t h ed ev e lopm ent a lr e s e a r c hs t r u c t u r ei na g r i c u l t u r e . s e em s o v e r b a l a n c e di nt h ed i r e c t i o no fa p p l i e dr e s e a r c h . Fo r ' - t h elongr u nv i t a l i t yo fa p p l i e da g r i c u l t u r a lr e s e a r c h ,t h e inv e s tm en ti ns o c a l l e db a s i co rp u r er e s e a r c hby u n i v e r s i t i e s n e ed st ob e exp and ed . [ �7 .2 . Such r e s e a r c hs h o u l dbe app ro a ch edw i t hl o o s e l y s t r u c t u r e d s ~~~~ s, f r o mt h r o u ghou tt h eu n i v e r s i t y , r emov ingt h ec o n s t r a i n i n gi n f l u e n c eo ft h es p e c i a l i z e d c omm o di t yandd i s c i p l i n epa tte rn wh i ch c h a r a c t e r i z e smo s t ag r i c u l t u r a lr e s e a r c ht o d a y . I th a sb e en o b s e r v e dt h a tt h e mo s t impo r ta n to r 8 a n i za t i o n a lf a c tl e a r n e di na p p l i e dp h y s i c s and c h em i s t r yr e s e a r c hdu rLn g anda f t e rWo r ld W a r I Icon c e rn ed t h eg r e a tadd ition t or e s e a r ch p r o d u c t i v i t yt h a ta c c r u e s inl a r g e r e s e a r c hg roup so fal o o s e k n i ti n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r yn a t u r econ t a i n i n gt h ecom p : : ' e t e sp e c t rumf rom _pu r es c i e n t i s t ,t h r o ugh m a th em a t i c i an s and st a t i s t i c i a n s ,t oa p p l i e dr e s e a r c h e r s . Too o f t e na g r i c u l t u r a lr e s e a r c h e r sh av eb e com ei s o l a t e df romt h e i r b a s i cs c i e n t i f i cd i s ci p l i n e sanda r en o ti ntou chw i t ho t h e r d i s c i p l i n e sr e l a t e dt ot h ep rob l ema th and . Pe r h a p st h eg r av es tcon ce r no ft h en e a rf u t u r ew i l l b et h ep rob l emo fa t t r a c t i n Gt oa g r i c u l t u r et h eb r i g h t e s tyoung m ind s i nt h er e l e v a n ts c i e n c e s . A g r i c u lt u r ef o rv a r i o u sr e a s o n s h a s~ s mu ch o fits a ttra c t ivene ssf o ryoung s c h o l a r sandt h e opp o r t u n i t yt ocon tinu et obe a p a r to fth e i rb a s i cd i s ci p l i n e w i l lb ee s s e n t i a li na t t r a c t i n g su chp rom i s ing i n d i v i d u a l st o add r es st h e i r p a r t i c u l a ra t t e nt i o nt oag r i c u l t u r e . ( 3 . Inapp l i e dr e s e a r c h ,c o n s i d e r a t i o nshou ldb e giv ent ot h e m i s s i o n ~ o rs y s t em s ap p r o a c h . Th ei s o l a t e d ,f r agm en t ed r e s e a r c ha p p l i c a t i o ne f f o r t so ft h et y p i c a lp r o j e c tp a t t e r na r e i n a d e q u a t e andi n a p p r o p r i a t et omod e rn p rob l em s . A sa s imp l e ex am p l e , ut i l i z at i o no fcompu te rt e c h n o l o g y f a rmr e c o r d s ,DH IA , �4 . ~ N ew l i n k a g e s mus tb ef o r gedbe tween u n i v e r s i t yre s e a r c h e r s andt h e ag r i c u l tu ra l indu s t r y-fa rm ingandtho seindus t r i e s I w hi c hs e r v ef a rm in g and wh ichmov e fa rm p rodu c t s toconsump ti o n . . J (? ;v1u cho fth ea p p l i ca t i o n-andappliedr e s e a r c h-w i l l mo r e p r i a t el ybe don ei nfa r mand indu s t r y ,ra t h e rt h a nt h e app ro re l a t i v e l ys t e r i l e and s t a t i cse t t i n go ft h euniv e r eL ty, 5 . Re s o u r c e sf romtheto t a l un iv ers i t ymu s t b e mobi l i z e dt o dea lw i t hp robl e m so f ag ricu lt u r ef o rwh i c h th eC o l l ege o f AGr i c u l t u r ea s gener a llycon ce i v e do rs t r u c tu r edis n o t a l ld p ro b a b ly sh o u l dn o tb e-pr e pa redto . cope . E xamples: a . L abo r - the chang i n gn a tu r eo ft h elabo r in pu t inf a rm ing f a rm e r s and fa rmleade r sa r e be ing comp e ll e dt ot a k eaw hol e n ewlook a tf a rmla b o r ,d ep artingf romthe· " f am i ly fa r m " no t i o n o f the pas tw henland , lab o r ,c a p ita l and m a n ag em en tw e r ev e st e d i non ep e r son o rf am il yandbecom i n g ap a r to fan indu st r i a l i z e d soci e tyi nwhi c hthep a tt e r nfo rf a rml a b o rm u s t b ec o n s i s t e n t ht h ef r am ewo rk o fr u l es e st a b l i s h edbyth ei n dus t r i a l wo r k w it f o r c e . b . F isc a l m a nag em en t-t h e co mme r c i a lf a r mo ft h en e a rf u t u r e (1980)w i l lb e a 0500 ,000 - $1 ,000,000e n t e rp rise . S o p h i s t i c a t ed f is c a l andt a xman agem en t w i ll b ee s s e n ti a lt oa p ro f i t a b l e o p e r a ti o n( In m any op er a tion stod a y ,w ise coun se l o fatax a c co u n ta n to ra t to r n ey m ay be mo r e cr i t ic a lt h a na chang ei n p rodu c tion t e chno l ogy) . c, ~. ~ . ~ L aw -t h el e g a ls truc tu r eo fth e fa r me n t e r p r ise ( f am i ly co rpor a tion v s .p a r t n e r sh i p) ;p rob l em so f ba r g a i n i n g , ~~ In sL i tu ti o n a lp r o bl em s( the o rG an i z a t i o n sandin s tit u t ions wh i ch s e rve ag r i cu lt u r e )-m any e ,c :ric 1.' . 1 t u ra lo r g an i za tions , f r o mthe g en er a lf a rmo r ga n iza t i ontoth e multip l i c i t yo f t yr e l a ted ~ s , n reles st h an f u l lye f f e c t i v e , commodi som ea r eev en d isfun c ti o n a l. �~ - \ )~ 1 _ E conom i cg rO i · r t ha .ndag ricu ltu re 'sp l a ce";' l i th ini t ,s h i f t i nG p o p u l a ti o nandlabo r fo r ce pat t e rn s , ~~ o f l ~ sl s, i n t e r r e l a t i onshi p so ft h e\ ' 10 r l dcomm un it y -the se and o t h e rd ev e lo pm en t s 0 .11 hav es iV1ifico . !1cefo rf ' a rmp eo p le . P ro fesso rT . T. ltz ,r enown ed e co nomi s ta t the U n i v e r s i t yo fC h icago , ho . s 0 se ~ F a rmp eope and t h e i r lead e rs a ren o t in g e n e r a l conv e rsan t w i tht h eid eas ,the ph ilo so ph ica l b a s i s andh is t o ric a lp r o cesse stha ta r ep a r t and p a r ce lo fth eu rb an i . z a t ion andi n d uo tria liz a tio no f, , 'h ich m od e rnag r i c u l t u r eis anin t e c ; ra lp a r t. T he s c i e n ti f icandtec lmo l o g ic a l kno \ '11ed c ; e unde r ly i nG m ode r n ~ l is\ l e ll und e rs toodby fa rmp eop le , bu tthe ch ang in c ; so c i a l and econom ic f r ome l1 o r l ;: i so t i ll la r g el yinth e rea lm o f m y t h. D r.J~ 1 ' . ~~ , a g r icu lt u ra l econom tsbo .t H ich i c ;ans ta te U n iv e rs i tyandrec en t ' m em b e ro f theP r cs i d en t'n C oun c i lo fE conom i cAdv i sors ,h a s oum tna r 1ze< . lt h es i t u a t i o n inth is' l ay : " I nm y op in ion , fou r ::Je t so f fac t sdom i n a t eany r e a l j . s t i c d e s c r i p tion o fth e scen einag r ic u l t u r etod ay : @ I . "1 . Th e PQ , 'ie r .s ~ . o fth is so c ie ty has be e ntr a . l1s fo rm e dand a lim v l e rG h1p o fa r a i c u l t u r eh ase i t h e rn o taw ak en ed th e po li tic t s ov rn my tho lo c ; i e s is unab l e ,ev en toth isfac to r,trappedbyi unw i l l i n G ,toad ap t0 c ;o .n iz a tion , po l i ci e sandta c t i c sto b e e f f e c t i v ei nth e ne \ '1p o l i t i c a lr e a . l i ty . P ---= = : _ - -- - "2. T he ~ .l a g ricu ltu r a l~ l s tru c tu r e hasre ach eda s t a t e r. an :l. zo t-lon . en ta tion , and i t slead e r s h ip i s o f cxb rem eo soen g ros s e dinin te rn ec i n ew a r f a r etha tt h an e ~ c lem e n t s o f comm e rc ia la g r i cu l t u r eox et h e ms e l v e s con t r t b ut i ng c r e a t l yt o g ene r a le r o s ion o ft h epo l . It i ca lpow e r '1'1h ichtOG e the rthey ex e r t. "3 . The un<1er l yi n g" l e oo fin t e rd ep end en tcommerc ia l ,G ov e rnm en ta l, I a lv..nd educa tiona lo rg an iza ti o n sinthese rv ice o fag r i po li tic cu l t u re a r c ch an r ; ing2 .nd no l o ng e ra r ea se ff e c ti v eas on c e th ey"T e r ein "J ~ a nd s o l v i ng t h ep r -obL em so fru r a ll i f e . T he o r ga n i za t i ona lsys temi nag r i cu ltu r ei s : b ecom ings o c i a l l y c lis f u nc L onu l . , "4 . Hi t hfe";'l c x c ep t ion n ,i nany d irec tion youloo k , the re a r eris inG lev e ls o f con f l i c t ,te n s i on , andm ount i n g ev i d en ce o fw ha t can .on ly be. desc ribedas a sp e c tac u l cxfa i lu r eO 'l ed c r s h i p. T h e gen e ra t iono fin e l !v t ua t , c ";Tl10 now m anth en eo r l : : : a n i z a t i o no do no t un c1e rG tandt h e i rd epend en ce on e uponanot h e r, no rd .o t h e y pe rc e i v e the chung i n Cs it u a tion o ft h e i rs i c te r in s ti t .u tion s' iTe ll enoug h ea b l et ore la teth em s e lv e sinc .m ann e rtha t avo id s tob unnec es s a r ycon f 'L i .c 'c , T h ey a r ethu8ledi l l t om . U tu, D ll ys e l f deo tru c tivc p a t t e r n so fb eh av io r." Th e ~~ t o\ l h l c hsu ch a s i tu a ti o nex ist sisi na sense anind ic tm en to f .tio nino .g r ic u l t uxeinthe s J~ ande no bv i o u s cha . l .L eng etod ay and edu co tom o r r o v l . \ �F rom arecen t is s u eo fM ich ig an F a rm e r : I " .....m any ag r i cu l t ur a lo r g a n iz a tions a r ei ns a d sh ape , hav i ngfa i l e dt ok e ep up w i t hs o c i a lc h ang e . ~s d e cl i n eb eg an abo u t 1925 . P r i o r tot h a t , ag rit l IT a lo rg ani z a t ion hadb een soe f f e c t i ve i t h ad cul b e en a mode lf o ro t h e r s-t h e USDA,theAGr i c u l tu r a l en t St a tion , andtheland g r a n t co lleges f o r E xpe rim re sea rc h ;t h eE x ten s ion S er v i c efo r edu c a ti o n ; and r m er si n novat i n g and u s ing n ewi n f o r m a tion qu ick ly . fa "Th en c am ea m a jo r re v o l u t i o ni nso c ie ty . Th ec e n t u r y o fte c hnol o g i c a ld e v e lopm en t beG a nt og iv e w ayt oth ee r a o fhuman dev e lopm en t and o fe f f e c t iv e m anpo w e ru se . A g ri cu l t ur eha s con t i nued t op rod u ce pe rm a n e n t l yd am ag ed p e o p l e--f il l i ng c i t yw e lfa rero l l sw it hex f a rm e r sand f a rmlabo re r s . "A g r i c u l tu re has b e en on t h ew rong s i d ei nth e re v o l u t i o n , andh a s eme r g edw it ha s o r r yim ag e . Ag r i c u l t u r em u s t , con sequen t l y , upd at ei t so rga n i z a t i o n s andit sim a g e , so t h a tf a rm e r sb e com e --and l o o k s o c i a l l yr e s p o n s i b l e andu s e f u l . " Th es o c i a lsc i e nc es --soc io logy ,p o l i t i c a ls c i e n c e ,p sy cho logy h av e mu chto o ff e ri nr e l a t i o nt osu chp rob l em si f mob i li z e d . �\1 - - _ ~ r. J 0 - 1 ( �. ~. / Un ive r s i tyed u c a t i o n inag r i c u l tu re shou l dbe an i n t e g r a lp a r to f t h eto t a l un ive r s i t y , no t in s u l a r ,p r ov inc ial ,p eda n t i ca si s ,toooften nowthecase. Sir Eric Ashby suggests thattechnology i t s e l fs h o u ld be t h ep h ilo sophic a land o rga n i z a t i o n a l ce n t e ro fa l l , r ' u n i v e r sit yedu ca tion . H ea rGu e s p er s uas ive ly t h a tt h eg r ea tch a sm ~ / I J ~ J r .{1 i \ w ' nowdiv id ing educa ted m en. . . . t h e gul f be tw e en s c i e n ce andthe hum an i t ie s. . . . i sa r t i f i c i a land c anb ee l i m in a t ed f romedu ca ti o n by o rga n iz i n gc u r r i cu lum and ph il o s o p h ya r ound t e c h n o l o gy . r som et e chno logy is ne cess a r y fo r ani n d i v i d ua lt o C ommandove s u r v i v ein m od er nso c i e t y andA shby ar g u e s I ~ ~ com bi n e s t h econce r n s and app roach es o fb o t h sc i en c e and t h ehum a n iti e s . I nT echnu logy and t h eA c ad e m ics, h e say s : I �"T e chno logyi si n s e p a r a b l ef romm en and commun i t i e s . I n t h i sr e s p e c tt e chno logyd i f f e r sf romp u r es c i e n c e . I ti st h e e s s en c eo ft h es c i e n t i f i cm e thod t h a tt h ehwn an e l em en tmu s t b ee l im i n a t e d . S c ience do e sn o td i s p e n s ew i t hv a l u e sb u t i tdo e se l im i n a t et h ev a r i a b i l i t yo fhwn an r e s p o n s et ov a l u e s. • ~ I td e s c r i b e s ,m e a su res, and c l a s s i f i e si nsu cha w ayt h a t v a r ia t i o ndu et ohum an j u d cm e n ti se l im i n a t ed . Unl i k es c i e n c e , te chno lo GY con c e rn st h eapp l i c a t i o no fs c i en c et ot h en e ed s o fm an and s o c i e t y . Th e re f o r et e chno logyi si n s e p a r a b l e f romhum an i sm . Th et e c h n o l o g i s ti sup t oh i sn e ck in h uman p rob l em s wh e th e rh el i k e si t o rno t. . . Th es o c i a lcon s equ en c e so fh i swo rk a r et h e r e f o r ean i n t e g r a lpa r to fh i s p r o f e s s i o n . " Thi sconcop t .un .Lapp roach h as . ~ . f o ra1 ! , ri c u l t u r e .A s s t u d e n t sd em and r e l e v an c ei nth eu n i v e r s i t y , ag r i c u l t u r e w i t h as o l i dr e c o r do fa ch i ev em en t and e x p e r i e n c eon wh i ch t ob u i l d shou ldb eo u tf r o n ti f i t w i l ld e a lw i t h su chp rob l em so ffood supp lyandhum an n u t r i t i o n ,q u a l i t yi nhum an l i f e-r u r a land u r b a n , andt h eenv i ronm en t . 7 . Th eg en iu s. o ft h eE x t e n s i o n Ld e ai sa sv a l i dtod aya swh en f i r s t con c e iv ed . U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,b u r e a u c r a t i ct e n d e n c i e s ,i n s t i t u t i o n a l i n e r t i a and i n t e r n e c i n epow e rs t r u g g l e sh av eb l u n t e dt h e a b i l i t yo ft h eE x t e n s i o n sy s t emt or e spondt och ang eand a c commod a t et h en ew c i r c um s t a n c e s( Teo a seems t ~~~' - ll~f j can t . ~ H i :sSQu ,p . i 'I'~ '- ~~ '. ) D e sp i ted if f i c u l t ie s, Ex t en s ion i swo rk ing o u ti t sp rob l em sw i t hp e r s i s t e n c eando f t e n g r e a ts k i l l . Wh e r e a s Ex t en s ion r e p r e s e n t sa v i a b l em e ch an i sm f o re d u c a t i o n w i t hc e r t a i nc l i e n t e l eg r o u p s , app ro a ch e st ov a r i o u s aud i en c e s ~ t ob er e f i n e d . S p e c i f i c a l l y ,t h eU n i v e r s i t y mu s t con c e rni t s e l f w i t h t h ec o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nn e ed so fp r o f e s s i o n a l si na g r i c u l t u r e . On c e w e r eo u tf r o n ti nt h i sr e s p e c t ;nowb y p a s s e dby o t h e rp r o f e s s i o n a l �B . Ru r a l Am e r i c a -t h eev id en c eo ft h eRu r a lL ag i nAm e r i c ai sso conv in c ing , and h a sb e en so mu ch ~ l on ,t h a tI11 n o t d e t a i lt h es i t u a t i o n h e r e-in co m e ; p u b l i c se r -v ' i c es, i n c l u d i n g e d u c a t i o n .h ea .Lt h , ~l , p r o t c ct i o n ;hou sin r , ;c u l t u r a loppo r» t u n i t i e s .U n i v e r s i t i e s , how ev e r ,h av en o t r e spond edt ot h i s ev id en c e-no ta st h e yh av et ot h eu r -b an c r i s L s . I nf a c t .ev en u n i v e r s i t i e si nr u r a ls t a t e sw i t h at r a d i t i o no fag r i c u l t u r a l· a nd r u r a lcomm i tm en t .s e emp r eo c cup i edw i t ht h eu rb an and c o n f i n et h e i r r u r a lo r i e n t a t i o n e s s e n t i a l l yt ot h et e chno logyo ff a rmp rod u c t i o n , i nt h eapp a r en tn a iv eb e l i e ft h a tmo r e b u s h e l sp e ra c r ew i l lb r i n g t h em i l l en iwn . I ft h en e ed so fr u r a lAm e r i c aa r et ob es e r v e dby t h eU n i v e r s i t y , t h et o t a lu n i v e r s i t ymu s tb ei n v o l v e d f o rt h ee x p e r t i s eo ft h e e n t i r ei n s t i t u t i o ni sr eQu i r ed . Bu tt h el e a d e r s h i pmu s t com ef rom som ewh e r e-andwh e r e mo r e n a t u r a l l yt h a nt h o s ei na g r i c u l t u r e ,i f su chl e a d e r sc an r e c a p t u r et h ehwn a n is tic c h a r a c t e ro ft h e i rf o r e b e a r s . O t ; . .~ t . ~ ~~~ 1 �C . T o t a lS o ci e tytw i n t e d-b u t~ t ol a b e li nt h i sw ay , s i n c ea l li n t e r - ~ l sugg e s ttwoi s s u e so fb ro ad con c e rnt ot o t a : s o c i e t ywh i ch b e a rc e n t r a l l yon ou r fo cu sh e r e tod ay . 1 . Food Sunn l y : I nt h e?a s t-andc u r r e n t l y-foodf o rp eop l e l~~ s \ w i th ag r i c u l t u r e . Dep end ingon t h ep o s t u r ea g r i c u l t u r e t a k e si nr e spond ingt ofoodn e ed sc u r r e n tandf u t u r e ,t h i sm a y o r m ay ·no tb et r u ei nt h ey ea r s ah e ad . Ab i o c h em i s ta tC a lT e ch ha s ob s e rv ed : "W e h av et h et o o l sandt h et e chno logyt of e e dev e ryon e i nt h ewo r ld w i t h ou r pr e s e n tr e s o u r c e s . And y e t it h a s be en e st i ma t edt h a t80 pe r c e n to fth ewo r ld l ~ ", , 1 , . , . """ ,. . . . , . ...: ~ ." o 7 l " \ " " ' . , . . . ll" " ' ~" ~ .""Y'l . �) , # - "On eh e a r s anynumb e ro fexp l a n a t i o n sf o rth i si r o n i c s itua tion --on eo fth el a r ge ro b s ta c l e si sth es imp l e fa c tt h a tw es t i l lt h i n ko f foodi nt e rm so ft h e n i ne t e e n t hc e n t u r y . I J I / I "1 \ slo ng as w ep ers is ti nth ink ing o f foodi nt e rm s o fb u s h e l so f wh eat ,w ew i l ln ev e r have enou c ;h t o 130 a round . A s soon a sw el e a r nt oc o n s i d e r fooda s a conv eyo ro fe ss e n ti a l nu tr i en ts andl o o kf o rt h e ch cnp cst and UCG t w ayto I ~ t h e s enut r i ent s -w ew i l l f i n dw eh ave enough f o ra l l . " 2 . E n v i ronm e n t : I n"No t SoR i ch a s You Th ink "G eo rg eS t ew a r to b s e r v e s : "When so m ef u t u r eh i s t o r i an s its downt osumma rize w h a tt h e p res e n t gen era tion o fAme r i c an s ha s acco mpli s hed ,h i s c l i m ac t i c sent e n c ec o u l dre ad: 'O fth ew a t e r s ,t h e ym ad ea s p oo l; o ft h ea ir, a de p o s i to r yo fp o iso ns ,ando ft h e ces good e a r t hit s e l f ,a dum p .. . I " F rom t h eed i t o ri a li nth e D e c emb e r19 , 1969is s u eo fS c ience, w er e a d : " ... t u r n i n c; ~ l G rad u a t e sl o o s eon t h ewo r ld w i t h o u t sens i t i z i n gthemto t h el a r g e r ~ l p r o b lem so rto t h e se r i ou sf l aw si nm any na r r ow l yspec ia liz eds t r a t e g i e sf o r m ax im iz ingfood y ie l d s and p ro fits m u s t end ." Ag r i c u l t u r e ,f o rva r i o u s re a son s-som es e l f p r e c i p i t a t e d i si d e n t i f i e d as a v i l l a i ni nt h ewa ron p o l l u t i o n. . . . i r o n i c ,b u tt r u e . B u i l d i n g on h i s t o r i cb a s eo fb r i d g i n gf romt h ea c ad em i ct ot h er e a lw o r l d , f romt h efund am en t a lt oth ea p p l i e d ,m o b i l i z i n gt h eknow l edg er e s o u r c e s o ft h eu n i v e r s i t y andt h ee f f e c t i v e n e s so ft h eEx te n s i o n sy s t em , ~ ~ c u l t u r ec anb ei nt h ef o r e f r o n tin add re ss ing s o c i e t i e scon c e rnf o r env i ronm e n t a lqua l i t y ,i f w ew i ll . V I I . I nC lo si n g ,athough tf r om JohnG a rdn e r who i nh i s book "S e l fR en ew a l " o b s e r v es : "Wh eno rga n i z a t i o n s and s ~ s a re young ,t h e ya r ef l e x i b l e , f l u i d ,n o ty e tp a r a l y z e dby r i g i ds p e c i a l i z a t i o nandw i l l i n gt o ,t r ya n y t h i n g on c e . A sth eo r g a n iz a t iono rs o c i e t ye , c ;es, v ita l i t yd im i n i s h e s,f l e x i b i l i t yg i v es w ayto r i g i d i t y ,c r e a t i v i t yf ad e sand t h e re i sl o s so fc a p a c i t yt om e e t c h a l l e n g e sf r o m un exp e ct e dd ir e c t j o n s . " �A si n d i v i d u a l s ,a s ss~ s. a st n o s er e s p o n s i b l ef o ri n s t i t u t i o n s wn i ch s e r v et h i n g sf a rm . aG r i c u l t u r a l .r u r a l .w e mu s t r e d e d i c a t eo u r s e l v e st ot h econ t inu inGp r o c e s so fs andtomo r row .l e s t .b yt h ey e a r2 l~ r en ew a l .r e s p o n s i v e n e s st ot o d a y ," ~. . . . ac e n t u r yh en c e• • . • 6u ch i n s t i t u - t i o n sa s Co l l eG e so fA g r i c u l t u r eb e , ,j o i n i n gt h e r esu cho t h e rr e l i c so f~ l ~ '; t ot h es h e l v e so fh i s t o r y , " : ' , ' . a g r i c u l t u r a lp a s ta st h ew h i p p l e t ree .,::, , ' d r a f th o r s e s .t r i c y c l et r a c t o r s .w i n dm i l l s . DDT , P lymou th R o c kc h i c k e n s .' • • : . . . .' . andt h ed a i r yc ow . I!" , '!. ' ... . . . . . . . ' , . ,' , ", :. . :.. , ' ' I" .. , . . . . . . ~ " ,' . , . , 1 : . I , ':. ' 1 .,1 " " ' i l '. ". ' ,' I• ~ • ' " : .: " .; ~ . I . . " I.I . ,. . . '. ' . : , \' . . . l,. .' I ' ". I . ' " .'1 ,". , , ", ', :. . ' .. . '.,. . . . . .. •" ., I , ,.,': . .. . .... ., I '\ . .: j' : � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1971-01-29_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Role of Agriculture and Rural Development Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 29, 1971 at Purdue for the Department of Agricultural and Economic Sciences. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Michigan Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-01-29 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/14c268dae55fb0eb675f6cabf6864879.pdf 445b5a69311139ea15c14588a7f65393 PDF Text Text - L I RGM's notes from present ation to Berrien-Cass-Van Buren Private Industry Council's "Employment Development Communit y Forum" on 194 a · a k MI : o n~ J anuar », I ') - ( \ 1 ,/ ) 1(/ r J �I, 1. ,. - I .) �f I , I �- 4A s an i n t e r e s t e do b s e r v e r , I comp l im en t you o ft h eDono r s Fo rum f o ryou r p r o g r e s st od a t e . A s m emb e r s and p a r t i c i p a n t si nm ak ing t h i n g sh app en , you s h o u l db e p l e a s e dw i t h you r a c comp l i shm en t s and e x c i t e df o rt h e f u t u r e . I I S h a r i n g t h o s et h o u g h t sl e a d su s n a t u r a l l y to t h ea s s i g n e d t o p i cf o r t o d a y : "P h i l a n t h r o p y ' s Ro l e f o rt h eF u t u r e o f t h e Common Good . " In t h i n k i n ga b o u t wh a t i sh app en ing i ncon t empo r a ry s o c i e t ya si tr e l a t e st o t h ef u t u r eo f t h ec omm o n good , I w a s t emp t ed to b e g i nw i t h a l i s to f c o n c e r n s n o t u n l i k e t h e ag end a o f t o p i c sb e i n g a d d r e s s e d a t t h i s e e li twou ld b ep r e sump tuou s and i n a p p r o p r i a t ef o rm e to c o n f e r e n c e . If p r o p o s e a longc a f e t e r i al i s to fi s s u e si nt h ea r e n ao ft h ec omm o n good . Y o ua r e know l edg e ab l ea b o u tt h e on ~ n i no u rc o u n t r y , you rs t a t e , and p a r t i c u l a r l yi nyou r hom e commun i t i e s . R a t h e r , I h av e c h o s e n , i nb r o a d o v e r v i ew , to s h a r ev e r y b r i e f l ys i x o b s e r v a t i o n s abou t t h i n g s g o i n g on i no u r s o c i e t y , f o r wh i ch im p l i c a t i o n sf o rp h i l a n t h r o p y a r e r a t h e ra p p a r e n t . t h e I hop e you w i l l f o r g i v emy f r e q u e n tr e f e r e n c et oM i ch ig an and B a t t l eC r e ek and a c t i v i t i e s o f t h eW . K . K e l logg F o u n d a t i o n-t h e s ea r et h e ex amp l e s I know b e s t . Y o uw i l ls e eyou r commun i ty and y o u r s e l fi nt h ei l l u s t r a t i o n sI sug g es t . O b s e r v a t i o n 1c o n c e r n st h es e em ing i n a b i l i t yo f ou rp o l i t i c a lp r o c e s s e s /1 and i n s t i t u t i o n st od e a lw i t hs i g n i f i c a n ti s s u e si ns u b s t a n t i a lw ay s . �- 5T h i s i smo s t v i v i da tt h en a t i o n a ll e v e lwh e r e Cong r e s s i ss t r u g g l i n g i n e f f e c t i v e l yw i t h s u c hc o n c e r n sa sf i s c a land f i n a n c i a lr e s p o n s i b i l i t y , t r a d eim b a l a n c e ,f a rm p r o g r am s , f o r e i g na f f a i r s ,c h i l dc a r e ,s u p p o r to f t h ea r t s ,e n e r g yp o l i c y , and e n v i r o nm e n t a lq u a l i t y . In L a n s i n g , o u rs t a t ep o l i t i c i a n sa r ee q u a l l yi n e f f e c t i v eon m a t t e r s o f s c h o o lf i n a n c e ,o u rs t a t eb u d g e t , Wo rkm en ' s Comp en s a t ion , and a h o s to f o t h e r c o n c e r n s . I s u s p e c t you m ay f e e l t h e s am e a b o u t d o i n g s i n Co lumbu s . A t t h el o c a ll e v e l ,you c an m ak e you r own a n a l y s i so fe f f e c t i v e n e s si n d e a l i n gw i t h hum an s e r v i c e s ,e n v i r o nm e n t a lc o n c e r n s , and a l lt h er e s t . T e chno logy h a s ch ang ed t h e n a t u r e o f p o l i t i c s and p o l it i c i a n s d r am a t i c a l l y . N ew t e c h n i q u e so fs o p h i s t i c a t e d ,i n s t a n t a n e o u sp o l l i n g and t h ei n f l u e n c eo f m a s s m ed i a t r e a tm e n to f e v e r y i s s u e and p e r s o n a l i t y s e em st oh av e f o r c e de l e c t e do f f i c i a l st ob e com e l e s st h e" l e a d e r s "o f s o c i e t yand mo r e t h ef o l l ow e r so fh e r di n s t i n c t . Th e r ei sa t end en cy to l e a do n l y wh en c o n s e n s u sh a sb e en r e a c h e d ,t ow a i t t os e e wh i ch p a r a d e i s go ing and t h e nr u s ht oi t sh e a d . ~ t h e O th e r ch ang e s wh i ch h av e i n f l u e n c e d th ep o l i t i c a lp r o c e s st os o c i e t y ' sd i s a d v a n t a g eh av eb e en t h e p r o l i f e r a t i o no ft h enumb e r and t h ed r am a t i ci n c r e a s ei ns k i l lo fs p e c i a l i n t e r e s tg roup so fe v e r yv a r i e t y and t h ec o n c e p to fe n t i t l em en t wh ich h a s h a n d c u f f e dp o l i t i c a lr e s p o n s e toch ang ingn e e d s . Tod ay , t h e r ea r e f ew i ne l e c t e d o f f i c e who c o u l d b e d e s c r i b e d a s s t a t e sm e nw i t hv i s i o n , comm i tm en t , and a c o n c e r nf o rt h ewho l e . P a t t e r n s o fp o l i t i c a l pow e ra l s oh av e ch ang ed d r am a t i c a l l y ,w i t h g r e a t e rd i f f u s i o n and l e s sl o y a l t yt op a r t yand p u r p o s e . �- 6T h e n e te f f e c to fa l lo ft h e s ech ang e sh a sb e en t h el e s s e n e da b i l i t yo f gov e rnm en ta ta l ll e v e l st ob ea s o u r c eand c a t a l y s tf o rs o c i a lch ang e . T h i s , t h e n , s u g g e s t s an enh an c ed p o t e n t i a l r o l e o f p r i v a t e s e c t o r i n i t i a t i v e st od em o n s t r a t en ew an sw e r st os o c i e t a ln e e d s , t oi n i t i a t i v e v e n t u r e s ,t op r o v i d et h ev i s i o n and comp r eh en s iv ea p p r o a c h wh i ch p o l i t i c s f a i l st op r o v i d e . I I O b s e r v a t i o n ~ on hift 2 c o n c e r n s t h e s e em ing r e t u r n (s b a c k ) t o l o c a l and c o n t r o li na d d r e s s i n gs o c i e t a ln e e d s . Fo r a sp ano fa b o u ts i xd e c a d e s-f rom t h e" p r o g r e s s i v ee r a "a t th et u r n o f t h ec e n t u r yt o th el a t e1 9 6 0 s , and p a r t i c u l a r l yb e g i n n i n gw i t h "N ew D e a l " i nt h ed e c ad eo ft h e' 3 0 s-t h ef e d e r a l gov e rnm en t took an e v e r i n c r e a s i n gp a r ti nm e e t i n g t h en e e d so ft h eAm e r i c an p e o p l e . S in c e t h e e a r l y 1 9 7 0 s , t h a tt r e n dh a s f i r s ts l ow e d , th en s e em ed t or e v e r s e . I n c r e a s i n g l y ,s t a t e s and l o c a l i t i e sa r eb e i n g c a l l e d upon to d e l i v e r s e r v i c e sand p r o v i d eb e n e f i t st op e o p l ea tt h ecommun i ty l e v e l . T h i s f a c t po s e s p rob l em s f o ra l ls t a t e s and l o c a l i t i e s . Th i s p u t s p r e s s u r e on t h e t a xs y s t em , e s p e c i a l l y , to r a i s er e v e n u e s t oc o v e r i n c r e a s e ds t a t eand l o c a le x p e n d i t u r e s . A d e s i r ab . . . l . e . con s equ en c ei st h a tmo r e p rob l em sa r eb e i n gi d e n t i f i e dand d e a lt w i t h c l o s e r to hom e , a n d , a sw e a l l know so w e l l , t h e an sw e r s u s u a l l yl i en o t i nd o l l a r sa l o n eb u t i nt h ei n c r e a s e d comm i tm en t and invo lv em en to fp e o p l e who c a r e . Ag a in , o p p o r t u n i t i e sf o rp r i v a t es e c t o r i n i t i a t i v e sa r e o b v i o u s : t h e r ei sa d e s p e r a t e n e ed t ob e com e mo r e �- 7 - effi cient and more effective in using limited resources and in mobilizing local leadership. II Observation 3 collaborations. concerns the increasing rhetoric . about (' public/private We hear it from the President, members of congress, our governors, and many of us. Such co ll a bo r a t i on of privat e philan thropy with public ins titutions and programs is going on in all of our communities, to the advantage of all. The best observations tend to be at the community level -- in education, child care and living for child the elderly, abuse prevention, substance abuse, intergenerational initiatives, independent the cultural and performing arts, and a host of other examples. A concern that I would share with you is that, unless we are careful in such collaborative efforts, they will, in a sense, be "one-way." Public officials are anxious to mobilize and ' direct private resources to "their chosen objectives." philanthropy available relates in for to the They are not always anxious to be helpful to private addressing such philanthropic treatment of deliberations still underway. concerns purposes. The charitable increasing current the resources evidence contributions in the of this budg et While rhetori c on beha lf of phil a nthro py , charit able contributions, an d vo Lun t e e r i taken are usually erosive, as invasive, s tu i s usuall y effus i ve, ac t io ns re strictiv e, and discour aging. In our various legislat ive skirmishes at the nat ional level sin ce 196 9, we usually count success in terms of limited losses rather than real gains. �- B - I think our continuing approach should be to be cooperative with public institutions and organizations, but to be cautious and not be coerced. Observation 4 concerns the dichotomy between the nature of the problems which concern us and the soluti ons we devise. The problems of concern to society tend to be complex, multidisciplinary, overarching, pene trating, a n d permeating. Each of us can make our own list -- inflation, K-12 and higher education, home care for the elderly, groundwater, environmental quality, job generation, peace. To the contrary, the solutions tend to be narrow, most often devised to address such issues discipline- or profession-oriented and biased, simplistic, and inadequat e to the task. A major contribution of philanthropy in addressing societal needs can be to encourage and demonstrate programs which are comprehensive, collaborative, and provide continuity. I Observation 5 concerns the Qersistent reluctance to face facts and to deal with reality. This is a somewhat human c ha r ac t e r i s tic -- a resist anc e t o ch a n ge, when we are comfortable with that which we kn ow. Sometimes, ev en when the eviden ce is overwhelming, both individuals and their institutions are reluctant to respond. It is a most areas of human concern, we know better than we do." truism that "in Think only of �- 9 - the areas which may be of special interest to you: substance abuse, K-l2 education, and health ca re. For example, if we think of child development in the early years, we know that age five is too late for societal concern and intervention, yet most youngs ters and mos t communi ties pr e-school programs of elementary years are high most lack comprehensive quality. important The and early childhood and evidence that is drop-out clear that the can really be pred icted by grades six or seven. Yet, we persist starving the te acher will in accrediting elementary t ell you our years that it schools whenever takes the at the resources first high are school level, limited. Every three months of the new school year to catch up to where students were when school ended in spring, the yet we persist in having a summer months a th e t h r ee - mon t h break in learning durin g school-year model established by an agrarian Pennsylvania recently society nearly two centuries ago. In the matter commented, of penal reform, the "It costs $24,000 a year Governor to keep a of person in the st at e p en, but only $8,000 a ye ar at Penn State." We as a society, through our institution s and org anizati ons, must put better which use ca t a l ys t . that is already kn own. Phil anthropy c an be a to ke y �- 10- / 1 o ~ II=1 ' on t u r f i sm " i c e r n s t h e p e r s i s t e n c e o n a f " d d r e s s i n g , con t a ln e ed s . U s u a l l y p rog r am s o f hum an s e r v i c e a r e b a d l y f r agm en t ed and l a c k c o n t i n u i t y . In B a t t l e C r e e k , f o r ex amp l e , w e h av e 67 i d e n t i f i e d v o l u n t a r y ,n o n p r o f i tg roup sd i r e c t e dt ot h en e ed so fy o u t h . P l u r a l i sm i s good ; c om p e t i t i o n c an a l s o b e h e a l t h y , b u t i n f i g h t i n g , a d v e r s a r i a l s t a n c e s ,and comb a t iv eb e h a v i o ra r en o t ! T h e c l e a r e st ex amp l ei no u r hom e town w a s i nh e a lt hc a r e , wh e r e w e h ad tw o h o s p i t a l s , v i r t u a l l y a c r o s s t h e s t r e e t f rom e a ch o t h e r , e a c h s u f f e r i n gf rom l e s st h a n50 p e r c e n to c cup an cy . In a d d i t i o n ,w eh av et h e u s u a lh o s to fo t h e rh e a l t hc a r eo r g a n i z a t i o n s-V i s i t i n g Nu r s e S e r v i c e , D ep a r tm en t o f P u b l i c H e a l t h , Am e r i c an R ed C r o s s , H o s p i c e , M e a l s o n Wh e e l s , v o l u n t a r y ambu l an c es e r v i c e s ,. andm any mo r e . U n h a p p i l y , w h i l e e a ch i s compo s ed o f i n t e l l i g e n t ,a b l e ,d e d i c a t e d , and w e l l i n t e n t i o n e d i n d i v i d u a l s ,e a ch a l s ot e n d st oa d d r e s si s s u e sf rom t h e p e r s p e c t i v eo ft h e i ro r g a n i z a t i o n a lo ri n s t i t u t i o n a lo b j e c t i v e s . E a ch i s c o n c e r n e dw i t h t h e i rown n i c h e , tooo f t e nn o ts e n s i t i v et ot h ea c t i v i t i e s o f o t h e r s and w i t h i n s u f f i c i e n ta t t e n t i o nt ot h e comp r eh en s iv eh e a l t h n e ed s o f t h ep e o p l e o f t h e commun i ty . In B a t t l e C r e ek w e f i n a l l y s u c c e e d e di ng ett i n gt h e two h o s p it a l s to m e rg e . Now w e a r e i nt h e p r o c e s so fg e t t i n gt h eo t h e rp l a y e r s toj o i nt h et e am . Ag a in , ac h a l l e n g ef o rp h i l a n t h r o p yt ob e an i n f l u e n c ei nb r i n g i n ga b o u t s e r v i c e swh i ch a r ec om p r e h e n s i v e ,c o l l a b o r a t i v e , and c o n t i n u o u s . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1994-01-25_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Employment Development Community Forum Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 25, 1994 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Berrien-Cass-Van Buren Private Industry Council. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-01-25 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e72b5b9ed3b4e53c906b18642b23262a.pdf 1ffb59a8f8be7e348acff9281c994711 PDF Text Text PHILANTHROPY AND VOLUNTEERISM: AMERICA'S HIDDEN RESOURCE An Address Delivered at Calvin College for the January Series, January 25, 1989 by Russell G. Mawby Chairman of the Board and Chief Lxecutive Officer w. K. Kellogg Foundation ' r<. I It is always a good fe eling to come oack home to Grand Rapids. I do not exaggerate when I say "home", for I grew up on my parents fruit farm just outside of the city, near where the Robinette Orchards are today. It is a pleasure always to be on the beautiful campus of Calvin College. I well remember the relocation of the College to this site, and I have watched with admiration and appreciation as the College has grown from a modest stature to become one of the finest liberal arts colleges in the nation. Calvin has long stood for an excellent education i nformed by a str ong sense of moral v alues. a marvelous heritage and tradition, and one in which you can take great pride. It is �2 II As Dr. Van Ham mentioned, my advanced training is in agricultural economics, and my first professional position was a professorial appointment. In fact, when I left Michigan State University to join the Kellogg Foundation, I well remember that one of my colleagues observed that I was trading in my academic robe for a foundation garment. Although I have not been in the classroom for many years, my early training will show, for I am going to give >ou all a quiz. What does Calvin College have in common with the following organizations: the Metropolitan ~Iuseum of Art, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Butterworth Hospital, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the American Red Cross? That is a tough question, and perhaps the best way to answer it is through a process of elimination. These organizations are not part of any governmental body and not a part of any profit-making business. Therefore, if they are not from the government sector, and not from the business sector, they must be from a third sector of society. Organizations in this third sector are generally private, not for profit, and usually operate in the public interest. They operate, for the most part, independently of the government or profit-making companies, and are themselves supported by money given from donors and by the time and talent of volunteers. �3 W e c a ng a i na b e t t e ru n d e r s t a n d i n go ft h et h i r ds e c t o rb yl o o k i n gmo r e c l o s e l ya tt h ek i n d so fo r g a n i z a t i o n st h a tc om p r i s ei t . Th es e c t o ri s m ad e up o fs i xb a s i ct y p e so fo r g a n i z a t i o n s : 1 . E d u c a t i o n a lo r g a n i z a t i o n s-p r i v a t ee l em e n t a r ya n ds e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s ,c o l l e g e s ,a n du n i v e r s i t i e s . A l s ov o c a t i o n a ls c h o o l s , l i b r a r i e sa n dr e s e a r c hi n s t i t u t e s . 2 . H e a l t hs e r v i c e s-n o n p r o f i th o s p i t a l s ,~ s h om e s , o u t p a t i e n tc a r ef a c i l i t i e s ,a n dv i s i t i n gn u r s eo r g a n i z a t i o n s . 3 . H um a n s e r v i c e s-t h eYMCA , YWCA , B i gB r o t h e r s /B i gS i s t e r s , M e a l s on W h e e l s , among t h o u s a n d so fo t h e r s . 4 . Th ea r t sa n dc u l t u r a lo r g a n i z a t i o n s-mu s eum s , s ym p h o n i e s , r e p e r t o r y c om p a n i e s ,p u b l i c TV a n dr a d i os t a t i o n s ,among m any o t h e r s . 5 . R e l i g i o n-o r g a n i z e dc h u r c h e so fe v e r yd e n om i n a t i o n . 6 . C i v i c , s o c i a la n df r a t e r n a lo r g a n i z a t i o n sn e i g h b o r h o o d o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,f r a t e r n i t i e sa n ds o r o r i t i e s ,u n i o n sa n ds e r v i c e c l u b s . �4 I tw i l lb eh e l p f u la sw e l l t og a i n an i d e ao ft h ed im en s ion so ft h i s t h i r ds e c t o r . A so f 1986 ,t h es e c t o rw a s e s t im a t e dt oc o n s i s to f 873 ,000 o r g a n i z a t i o n s . I tp r o v i d e sh a l fo fo u rh e a l t hc a r e ,n e a r l ya q u a r t e ro fo u re d u c a t i o n ,a s u b s t a n t i a lp o r t i o no fs o c i a ls e r v i c e s , mo s t o ft h ea r t s ,and a l lo fo u rr e l i g i o n . I temp loy s7 . 2m i l l i o n p e o p l e , wh i ch i s6 . 1p e r c e n to fo u rt o t a lemp loym en t . I ta c c o u n t sf o r $ 2 2 8 . 2b i l l i o ni nin com e ,wh i ch i s6 . 4p e r c e n to ft h en a t i o n a lt o t a l . Th e s ef i g u r e s ,by t h ew ay , a r et a k e nf roma s t u d ydon e by t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n INDEPENDENTSECTOR ,p u b l i s h e di n198 ,. Who s u p p o r t st h et h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n s ? We a l ldo ,b o t h i n d i r e c t l y( t h r o u g h ~ es and d i r e c t l y( t h r o u g hp h i l a n t h r o p y and v o l u n t e e r i sm ) . Ag row ing numb e ro ft h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n sa l s o e a r n in com eby c h a r g i n gf e e sf o r es~ es t h e yr e n d e r . Gov e rnm en t on a l ll e v e l s-l o c a l ,c o u n t y ,s t a t e ,and f e d e r a lp r o v i d e s 20 p e r c e n to ft h es u p p o r tf o ro r g a n i z a t i o n si nt h et h i r d s e c t o r ,t h r o u g hd i r e c to u t l a y s and r e im b u r s em e n t s . A l s o , t h i r ds e c t o r o r g a n i z a t i o n sa r es u b s i d i z e dt h r o u g hs p e c i a lp o s t a lr a t e sand ts h o u l db em en t ion ed t h a tn o ta l lt h i r d ex emp t ion f rom t a x a t i o n . I s e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n sr e c e i v ed i r e c to u t l a y s and r e imbu r s em en t sf rom gov e rnm en t a lo r g a n i z a t i o n s ;b u ti nt h ea g g r e g a t e ,o n e f i f t ho f th e s u p p o r to f su cho r g a n i z a t i o n sc om ef romgov e rnm en t a ls o u r c e s . �5 Th eg r e a tm a j o r i t yo fs u p p o r tf o rt h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n s ,h ow e v e r , com e sf romp h i l a n t h r o p ya n dv o l u n t e e r i sm . A c c o r d i n g t ot h e p u b l i c a t i o nG i v i n g , USA , mo r e t h a n .$93b i l l i o nw a s d o n a t e dt os u c h o r g a n i z a t i o n si n1 9 8 7 . M any p e o p l e im a g i n et h a tc o r p o r a t i o n sa n d l a r g ef o u n d a t i o n sg i v et h el i o n ' ss h a r eo ft h i ss u p p o r t ,b u tj u s tt h e o p p o s i t ei st r u e . I n1 9 8 7 , 88 p e r c e n to ft h eg i v i n gi nt h i sn a t i o n w a s b yi n d i v i d u a l s . B u t t h e r ei sa ne v e nl a r g e rs o u r c eo fs u p p o r tf o r -~ s e c t o r o r g a n i z a t i o n st h a np h i l a n t h r o p y . V o l u n t e e r i sm i st h el a r g e s ts o u r c e o fs u p p o r tf o rt h es e c t o r . A c c o r d i n g t ot h eI ~ SECTOR ,a r e c e n tG a l l u p P o l lr e v e a l e dt h a t80 m i l l i o n a d u l t sv o l u n t e e r e di n 1 9 8 7 ,g i v i n ga t o t a lo f1 9 . 5b i l l i o nh o u r s ,r e p r e s e n t i n gan e s t im a t e d v a l u eo f $150 b i l l i o n . T o g e t h e rt h e n ,.ph ilanth ropya n dv o l u n t e e r i sm c o n t r i b u t e dn e a r l y $250 b i l l i o nt ot h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n si n1 9 8 7 . Th es t a t i s t i c sI h a v ej u s tc i t e da r e im p r e s s i v e ,b u tt h e yc a n s om e t im e so b s c u r et h et r u em e a n i n g o fs u c ha c om p l e xi d e aa st h et h i r d s e c t o r . S p e a k i n gi nhum an t e rm s ,t h es e c t o rt o u c h e sa l lo fo u r l i v e s . I ti sp o s s i b l et ob eb o r ni na n o n p r o f i th o s p i t a l ,a t t e n d p r i v a t es c h o o l s ,g r a d u a t ef r oma p r i v a t eu n i v e r s i t y ,s p e n da c a r e e r w o r k i n g f o rs o c i a ls e r v i c eo r g a n i z a t i o n s ,r e l a xb yv i s i t i n gmus e um s , d i ei na n o n p r o f i tn u r s i n g hom e ,a n dh a v eam em o r i a l s e r v i c ei na c h u r c h . �6 In fact, it is impossible for us not to be involved with the sector. We are involved as users and donors, as professionals and as volunteers. It is an essential part of everyone's life. The sector can, in a sense, be all things to all people because of its incredible diversity. Its organizations form a mind-boggling variety. its constituent entities are polar opposites: Some of the National Rifle Association and Hand Gun Control, Inc.; Right to Life and Planned Parenthood. Their diversity helps to protect our country's pluralism, and our liberty. The sector is the home for many of the causes in which we believe. Its organizations feed the hungry, provide shelter for the homeless, care for the ill, and fight for basic human rights. some of our most cherished freedoms: They safeguard religion, speech, and assembly. Moreover, America's third sector is the envy of the world. In no other nation is private, voluntary action for the public good practiced to such an extent. In fact, some nations, such as Japan and Italy, are deliberately attempting to stimulate the formation of a third sector in their countries. Individuals are the life blood of America's third sector. Seventy-two percent of its support comes directly from individuals through philanthropy and volunteerism. Without these gifts of money, talent, and time, the sector would not be able to function. �7 I I I G i v e n t h ei n c r e d i b l eim p o r t a n c eo ft h et h i r ds e c t o r )y o uw o u l d t h i n k i t w o u l db ew e l l s t u d i e d ) w e l l k n ow n ) a n dw e l l a p p r e c i a t e d . u n f o r t u n a t e l y )i sn o tt r u e . Why ? 1 . T h i s ) T h e r ea r em any r e a s o n s : D i v e r s i t ya l t h o u g ht h e r ea r ed i f f e r e n tt y p e so f gov e r nm e n t a n dd i f f e r e n tt y p e so fb u s i n e s s e s )a l ls h a r ec e r t a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . B u taf a rm e r ' s e ~ e h a sa lm o s t n o t h i n gi nc omm o nw i t ha na r tmu s eum , n o rd o e st h eK e l l o g g F o u n d a t i o nh a ve mu ch i ncommon w i t h t h eM e a l s on Wh e e l s p r o g r am . T h e s ed i f f e r e n c e sc a u s ep e o p l et ot h i n ko f t h em s e l v e sa s mu s eum p r o f e s s i o n a l so rv o l u n t e e r so ra s hum an s e r v i c ep r o f e s s i o n a l so rv o l u n t e e r s )n o ta sm emb e r s o fa l a r g e rs e c t o r . 2 . A n o n ym i t y-d o n o r so f t e nw i s h t or em a i nanonymou s wh en t h e y g i v ea g i f t . M any m e d i c a l a n ds o c i a lr e l a t i o n s h i p sm u s t b e k e p tc o n f i d e n t i a l . A sa r e s u l t )mu ch mo r e i sg o i n g on in t h e se c t o rt h a np e o p l er e a l i z e . 3 . S u c ce s s-w e o f t e n take f o rg r a n t e dt h a tw h ich wo r k s and is a lw a y st h e r e . W h i l e w e he a rd a i l yo ft h efa i l u r e so ft h e governm ent a n dt h eb u s i n e s ss e c t o r s )w e h e a rl i t t l ea b o u t f a i l u r e si nn o n p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o n s . m i n d . Ou t o fp r i n ti so u to f �8 T h i si n v i s i b i l i t yh a sv e r yr e a lcon s equ en c e sf o rt h et h i r ds e c t o ri n t h el a r g e rs o c i e t y . Fo r ex amp l e ,t h et h i r ds e c t o ri sl e f to u t ,o ra t l e a s tn o tc l e a r l yi d e n t i f i e d ,i nt h ewo r ld o fe d u c a t i o n . M cGu f f ey ' s r e a d e r su s ed t ot e a c ht h ev i r t u e so fc h a r i t yand o fv o l u n t e e r i n g ,b u t no l o n g e r . H igh s c h o o l su s ed t ot e a c hc i v i c s ,wh i ch w a s n o tm e r e l y t h es t u d yo f gov e rnm en t ,b u ta l s ot h ed u t i e so fg i v i n gt im eand mon ey . F ew e r and f ew e rdo sonow . C o l l e g e sh av en o ti n c l u d e dt h e s ev a l u e si n t h e i rc u r r i c u l a , sos t u d e n t sc an g r a d u a t ew i t h o u th e a r i n ga b o u t th em ev en o n c e . U n t i l r e c e n t l y ,s t u d e n t sc o u l de a r n a~ s e s o fb u s i n e s s a dm i n i s t r a t i o nd e g r e e ,o ra m a s t e ro fp u b l i ca dm i n i s t r a t i o nd e g r e ei n do z en so fu n i v e r s i t i e s ,b u tn ou n i v e r s i t yo f f e r e da m a s t e r ' s d e g r e ei n n o n p r o f i ta dm i n i s t r a t i o n . H a p p i l y , t h i ss i t u a t i o ni sc h a n g i n g ,w i t h ah a n d f u lo fs u c hd e g r e e sn ow b e i n go f f e r e da round t h en a t i o na tsu ch i n s t i t u t i o n sa sC a s eW e s t e rn R e s er v eU n i v e r s i t y , I n d i a n aU n i v e r s i t y , and h e r ei nM i ch ig an a tW a l sh C o l l e g e . W e m igh t s t o pa tt h i sp o i n t and ask w h ye d u c a t i o na b o u tt h et h i r d s e c t o ri sim p o r t a n t . F i r s t ,m i l l i o n s o f Am e r i c an s a r e un aw a r eo f t h e i rb a s i cc i v i cd u t i e s . L e s s t h a no n e h a l fo ft h o s ee l i g i b l ev o t e d i nt h e1988 p r e s i d e n t i a le l e c t i o n . We t endt ot a k eth e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e so fc i t i z e n s h i pf o rg r a n t e d , and f a i lt ore cog n i z e t h e i rim p o r t a n c ei nd a i l yl i f e . �9 S e cond ,p e o p l ew h o wo rk f o ro rm an ag e n o n p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o n sa r en o t t r a i n e dt od o so i ns c h o o l s . C e r t a i n l y ,s om eo ft h et e c h n i q u e so f m an ag em en t , a r e g e n e r i c ;t h e r e f o r ea m a s t e r ' s o fb u s i n e s s a dm i n i s t r a t i o nwou ld b eh e l p f u li ns om er e s p e c t sf o rt h em an ag e r s o f n o n p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o n s . O nt h eo t h e rh and , how ev e r ,i ti sc l e a r t h a tm an ag ing a n o n p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o ni sm u c h d i f f e r e n tf rom m an ag ing a f o r p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o n ,e s p e c i a l l yi nt h es e n s et h a tt h e r e i sa v e r yd i f f e r e n tbo t tom l i n e .A sa r e s u l to ft h i sl a c ko fe a r l y t r a i n i n go p p o r t u n i t i e s ,t h e r ei sa g r e a td e a lo f ~ t h eh a r dw ay and a l o to fu n n e c e s s a r ym i s t a k e s m a d e by t h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n s . T h i r d ,p o l i c ym a k e r sn e ed t ok n ow mo r e a b o u tt h es e c t o r . In t h el a s t e i g h ty e a r s , Cong r e s sh a sm an ag ed t os q u e e z et h i r ds e c t o r o r g a n i z a t i o n si na t h r e e -w a yv i c e . F i r s t ,t h e yc u tb a ck o ng r a n t st o t h e s eo r g a n i z a t i o n s ,t h e nt h e ym a d e i th a r d e rf o rth emt or a i s e c h a r i t a b l ec o n t r i b u t i o n s ,t h e nt h e ym a d e i t h a r d e rf o rth emt oe a r n mon ey t h r o u g hsu cht h i n g sa sg i f tshops a l e sby t h eim p o s i t i o no f an u n r e l a t e db u s i n e s s in com et a x . I fCong r e s sm en and o t h e rp o l i c ym a k e r s kn ew mo r e a b o u tt h es e c t o r ,p e r h a p st h e ywou ld n o tp l a c e su ch o b s t a c l e si ni t sp a t h . �10 With regard to education about the third sector, there are two great needs: 1. General education about philanthropy, volunteerism and non-profit initiative. All students should be trained to appreciate and to participate in philanthropy and volunteerism in order to improve the quality of our life. 2. Training of practitioners: pre-service, in-service, and graduate. What are the colleges and universities doing now? To their credit, colleges and universities are beginning to meet these needs. Over the past two years, the Association of American Colleges, with major assistance from the Kellogg Foundation, has awarded $240,000 to 16 colleges and universities across the country to start classes on philanthropy. These courses all have experiential components, and whenever possible they have attempted to go beyond the bounds of a single class in order to infuse these concepts from many areas of study across the curriculum. Since 1978, 19 centers have been founded on university campuses across the nation to teach and conduct research about philanthropy and volunteerism. Duke. The first was at Yale, and one of the newest is at The offerings of these centers vary, but most specialize in research, and many offer graduate degrees. �11 Ina d d i t i o n , twoM i ch ig an c o l l e g e sh av em a d e good b e g i n n i n g si n t r a i n i n gt h e i rs t u d e n t si np h i l a n t h r o p yand v o l u n t e e r i sm . H i l l s d a l e C o l l e g e ,w i t ht h ea i do fa g r a n tf rom t h eK e l logg F o u n d a t i o n ,h a s l aun ch eda f o u r y e a rC o l l e g eS e r v i c eF e l l ow s h i pP rog r am . A l l in com ing H i l l s d a l es t u d e n t sw i l lr e c e i v ein com ingo r i e n t a t i o nt op h i l a n t h r o p y and v o l u n t e e r i sm , and ISOw i l lb e cho s en f o rs p e c i a lt r a i n i n gi nt h e s e a r e a s ,i n c l u d i n ga s p e c i a lv o l u n t e e rp r o j e c t . A lb ion C o l l e g e ,a g a i n w i t ht h ea s s i s t a n c eo ft h eK e l logg F o u n d a t i o n ,h a sb egun a p rog r am s t r e s s i n gi n t e r a c t i o nb e tw e en c ampu s and commun i ty .t h a ti n c l u d e sa commun i ty fo rum ,a c o u r s eo nt h et h e o r yand p r a c t i c eo fv o l u n t e e r i sm , and a n o n p r o f i ts e r v i c ec e n t e ri ndown town A l b i o n . A l lo ft h e s e e f f o r t sh av eb egun t oc l o s et h eg ap . Th eq u e s t i o ni s ,wh a t s h o u l d ~ b e do ing ? I amn o ts u r et h a tI c an an sw e rt h a tw i t ha u t h o r i t y ,s i n c eI amn o ts u r ee x a c t l ywh a t you a r ea l r e a d yd o i n g . Bu t Ic an s a yt h a tC a l v i nc o u l db ev e r yh e l p f u l . A sa l i b e r a la r t sc o l l e g ew i t h ar i c ht r a d i t i o no fa c ad em i ce x c e l l e n c e and s e r v i c et oi t scommun i ty and t om ank ind , C a l v i nh a sm u c h tob e p roud o f . You r t r a d i t i o no fs e r v i c eg row so u to fag r e a tr e l i g i o u s comm i tm en t , and y e tp e r h a p sC a l v i nc o u l dd o mo r e , p e r h a p sh and i nh and w i t h th ed i r e c t o ro fs t u d e n tv o l u n t e e r s . �12 Ac l a s son p h i l a n t h r o p ya n dv o l u n t e e r i smm i g h t b en i c e ,b u tt h a tw o u l d i s o l a t et h e s ev i t a ls u b j e c t si na s i n g l ec o r n e ro ft h ec u r r i c u l um . I t w o u l db eb e t t e rt oi n f u s et h e s ec o n c e p t st h r o u g h o u tt h ec u r r i c u l um , a n da g a i np e r h a p sy o ua r ea l r e a d yd o i n gs o . Ic a n ' th e l pb u tt h i n k t h o u g h ,t h a ti nh i s t o r y ,s t u d e n t sc o u l dl e a r na b o u tt h ek e yr o l e s p l a y e db yv o l u n t e e r sa n dp h i l a n t h r o p i s t s-i np s y c h o l o g y ,t h e p s y c h o l o g yo fg i v i n g-i np o l i t i c a ls c i e n c e ,t h er o l eo ft h et h i r d s e c t o rs h o u l db es t u d i e d-a n di na n t h r o p o l o g yt h eim p o r t a n c eo f a l t r u i smi nhum an d e v e l o pm e n t ,e t c . E v e r ys t u d e n ts h o u l dupon g r a d u a t i n gh a v eb e e ne x p o s e dt ot h e s ec o n c e p t s ~ u e s t h e i r im p o r t a n c e . I fy o ua r ei n t e r e s t e di non ew ay o fd o i n gt h i s ,I e n c o u r a g ey o ut ot a k eo n eo ft h ec o p i e so fL i b e r a lE d u c a t i o n , t h a tI b r o u g h tw i t hm e t o d a y . T h i si s s u ed e s c r i b e st h eAAC c l a s s e son p h i l a n t h r o p y . S t u d e n t ss h o u l dn o to n l yl e a r na b o u tt h e s ei d e a sb u t£ £ lon thema s w e l l . E x p e r i e n t i a le d u c a t i o ni so n ee x c e l l e n tw ay t odo t h i s . I hop e C a l v i nw i l l j o i nt h eM i c h i g a n C om p a c t , w h i c h i st h es t a t ew i d ea rm o f t h eN a t i o n a l C ampu s C om p a c t . C u r r e n t l yt h ef i v ei n s t i t u t i o n si nt h e M i c h i g a n Comp a c ta r eM i c h i g a n S t a t eU n i v e r s i t y , N o r t h e r nM i c h i g a n U n i v e r s i t y , A l b i o nC o l l e g e , Hop e C o l l e g e ,a n dL a n s i n g Commun i ty C o l l e g e . As u s t a i n e dv o l u n t e e re x p e r i e n c ec o u l db ep a r to ft h e g r a d u a t i o nr e q u i r em e n t sf o re v e r ys t u d e n t . I ti sa l s o im p o r t a n tt o �13 wo rk w i t hs t u d e n to r g a n i z a t i o n st op r o v i d es y s t em a t i cand comp r eh en s iv et r a i n i n gand e x p e r i e n c ei nb o a r d sm a n s h i p . T h e p r i n c i p l e so fp a r l i am e n t a r yp r o c e d u r e ,t h es k i l l so f con s en su s b u i l d i n g , and t h et e c h n i q u e so f wo rk ing w i t hs t a f fa r ec r i t i c a lt ot h e s u c c e s so fc i t i z e nb o a r d sl a t e ri nl i f e ,and c i t i z e nb o a r d sa r e b e com ing i n c r e a s i n g l yim p o r t a n tt ot h ef u n c t i o no fo u rd emo c r a cy . Th er i c hand v a r i o u sf i e l d so f know l edg ei nwh i ch C a l v i n ' sp r o f e s s o r s a r ee x p e r tc o u l db ev e r yh e l p f u lt ononp r o f i t s . P r o f e s s o r sc o u l d s e r v ea sc o n s u l t a n t s ,h o l dc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o ns ~ s f o r p r a c t i t i o n e r s and t h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n s , and s h a r et h e i r e x p e r t i s ei no t h e r ,l e s sf o rm a lw ay s . I fC a l v i nw e r e t oexpo s ee v e r ys t u d e n tt ot h ec o n c e p t so fp h i l a n t h r o p y and v o l u n t e e r i sm ,m a k e s u r et h a tev e r ys t u d e n t ,ha d as i g n i f i c a n t v o l u n t e e re x p e r i e n c e ,t r a i n e de v e r y o n ei nb o a r d sm a n s h i p , and m o b i l i z e f a c u l t ye x p e r t i s et ot a c k l et h ep rob l em so fl o c a ln o n p r o f i t s ,C a l v i n wou ld b e an a t i o n a ll e a d e ram o n g sm a l ll i b e r a la r t sc o l l e g e si nt h i s f i e l d . I fC a l v i n we r et od ot h i s ,t h eC o l l e g e wou ld b e do ing a g r e a t t h i n gf o ro u rs o c i e t y . Ev e ry y e a rC a l v i nc o u l dt u r no u r hund r ed so f g r a d u a t e sw h ow i l ls u p p o r tt h ec a u s e st h a tw ec a r ea b o u t . Bu tC a l v i n wou ld a l s ob e do i n gi t s e l fa s e r v i c e . T h eC o l l ege i sa l s oa t h i r d s e c t o ri n s t i t u t i o n ,d e p e n d e n t upon v o l u n te e r s and p h i l a n t h r o p i s t sf o r i t ss u r v i v a l . Bo t hs o c i e t yand C a l v i nn ee d do e r s and g i v e r s . B y t r a i n i n gs t u d e n t si np h i l a n t h r o p yand vo luntee rism ,t h e r e f o r e ,C a lv i n c an t r u l y"dow e l l by d o i n gg o o d . " �14 What should all of us as a society be doing? course, is giving our time and money. a national standard The easy answer, of But how much of each? we should all become "fivers." There is As part of its "daring goals for a caring society", INDEPENDENT SECTOR has set a benchmark for generosity: five hours per week and five percent of your income. Where? Your school. human service agency. Your church. Your city. Your arts organization. Your club. Your local All need your time and your money. Why? If all the givers stop giving, we could never replace the money by taxation. If all the volunteers stopped volunteering, all of the taxes we could muster would fail to restore what they provide. Volunteers and givers are America's hidden resources, as precious as oil or gold. sustaining it. They have built American civilization, and they are What difference can one person make? Plenty. Research has shown, for example, that just one caring adult can be the difference between success and failure for young children. A single volunteer cannot change all of the world, but can change a small part of it. �15 IV I find Erma Bombeck to be a bit much sometimes, but several years ago she wrote a very moving account of what the world would be like without volunteers. She said: "the schools were strangely quiet, with no field trips, no volunteer aides on the playground or in the classrooms ... as were the colleges where scholarships and financial support were no more. died. The flowers on church altars withered and Children in day nurseries lifted their arms but there was no one to hold them and love. Alcoholics cried out . j ? despair, but no one answered, and the poor had no recourse for health care or legal aid. But the saddest part of the journey was the symphony hall which was dark and would remain that way. So were the museums that had been built and stocked by the volunteers with the treasures of our times. The hospital was quiet as I passed it. flowers, and voices. laughter. Rooms were void of books, The children's wing held no clowns ... no The reception desk was vacant. like a tomb. The home for the aged was The blind listened for a voice that never came. infirm were imprisoned by wheels on a chair that never moved. The Food grew cold on trays that would never reach the mouths of the hungry. All of the social agencies had closed their doors, unable to implement their programs of scouting, recreation, drug control, Big Sisters, Big Brothers, ¥W, YM, the retarded, the crippled, the lonely, and the abandoned. The health agencies had a sign in the window, 'the search for cures for cancer, muscular dystrophy, birth defects, multiple sclerosis, emphysema, sickle cell anemia, kidney disorders, heart diseases, etc., have been cancelled due to lack of interest. '" �16 All that stands between us and the chilling world envisioned by Erma Bombeck is that line of people who care enough to give their money and their time, their talents, and their hearts. that line. Give whatever you can. And we should all join What you get back is immeasurable. It is easy to sometimes deplore the role of the individual in changing large societal problems. But I would remind you that only people are important and that only people can make a difference. I often remember a few lines that I learned in school right here in Grand Rapids: "I am only one but I am one; I can I t do ('".erything, but I can do something; what I can do I ought to do; and what I ought t o do, by the grace of God I will do." If each of us will do what we c an and ought to do in the various roles of life, we will be doing our bit to better the human condition in our time in the world. can anyone seek? JJOfrglll7N I wish you all Godspeed. What better goal � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1989-01-25_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Philanthropy and Volunteerism- America's Hidden Resource Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 25, 1989 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at Calvin College. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-01-25 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/05a94f6a348835fee7c36883ac491809.pdf 0dcb2cce2e368495edb807735284c65a PDF Text Text MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK REMARKS BY DR. RUSSELL G. MAWBY W. K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION JANUARY 22, 1990 GOVERNOR BLANCHARD, PRESIDENT SYKES, DR. SANDERS, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, IT IS TRULY AN HONOR TO BE PART OF THE LAUNCHING OF THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. IT SEEMS INCREDIBLE -- ALMOST MAGICAL -- THAT PARTICIPANTS IN THIS TELEPRESS CONFERENCE ARE ASSEMBLED NOT JUST HERE AT LANSING COMMUNITY COLLEGE, BUT ALSO AT THE 28 OTHER COMMUNITY COLLEGES IN MICHIGAN. THE FACT THAT THIS IS HAPPENING MAKES THIS A GREAT DAY FOR MICHIGAN -- NOT JUST FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN OUR STATE -- BUT FOR ALL OF OUR CITIZENS. THROUGHOUT HISTORY, IN EVERY CIVILIZATION, DISTANCE AND TIME HAVE BEEN OUR MASTERS. FOR EXAMPLE, MORE THAN 2,000 AMERICAN AND BRITISH SOLDIERS DIED IN THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS -- AND TRAGICALLY, FOR THE WAR HAD ACTUALLY ENDED TWO WEEKS PREVIOUSLY. HAD COMMUNICATION BETWEEN EUROPE AND AMERICA BEEN SWIFTER IN 1815, THOSE MEN WOULD NEVER HAVE GONE TO BATTLE. OUR TECHNOLOGY HAS IMPROVED ALMOST BEYOND BELIEF IN THE INTERVENING 175 YEARS, BUT THERE ARE STILL PARTS OF THIS NATION -- STILL PARTS OF MICHIGAN -- WHERE THE STATE OF COMMUNICATIONS MORE CLOSELY RESEMBLES 1815 THAN 1990. IN MANY COMMUNITIE S AND FOR MANY INDIVIDUAL S, �2 ACCESS TO COMMUNICATIONS AND TO THE WORLD IT OPENS UP, IS PRACTICALLY NON-EXISTENT. IN A WORLD IN WHICH THE ONLY CONSTANT IS CHANGE, ISOLATION FROM COMMUNICATIONS CAN BE A TERRIBLE HANDICAP. THAT IS WHY THE W. K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION REGARDS THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK AS SO IMPORTANT, AND SO EXCITING. THE FIRST THING THAT IMPRESSED US WHEN THE PROPOSAL WAS FIRST DISCUSSED WITH US WAS THE FACT THAT IT DID NOT SEEK TO DUPLICATE WHAT ALREADY EXISTED. IT COMPLEMENTS, RATHER THAN COMPETES WITH, THE MICHIGAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY NETWORK, WHICH WAS ESTABLISHED BY A MAJOR GRANT FROM THE STATE OF MICHIGAN. "MITN," AS IT IS CALLED, LINKS MICHIGANS "BIG 4" RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY, AND MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY. WE WERE EVEN MORE IMPRESSED BY THE SPIRIT OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN MITN AND THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. THE MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND, WITH WHICH WE HAVE WORKED IN THE PAST AND FOR WHICH WE HAVE GREAT REGARD, IS JUST NOW CONSIDERING A REQUEST FROM MITN IN THE AMOUNT OF $8 MILLION. IF THIS REQUEST IS APPROVED, MITN HAS PLEDGED TO GRANT $750,000 OF THAT ASSISTANCE TO THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATION SO THAT MCCA CAN PURCHASE A MOBILE UPLINK. THIS IS A KEY PIECE OF THE PROJECT. NONE OF MICHIGAN'S COMMUNITY COLLEGE S CURRENTLY HAVE UPLINK CAPABILITY; IF THE REf)UE ST IS APPROVED, ALL 29 �3 WILL HAVE IT! THIS MOBILE UPLINK WILL MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO ORIGINATE PROGRAMMING FROM ANY POINT IN THE STATE THAT CAN BE REACHED BY ROAD. THIS WILL BE ANOTHER SUPERB EXAMPLE OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, THE MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND, AND THE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN OUR STATE. THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION'S INVOLVEMENT WITH THIS PROJECT BEGAN IN 1988, WHEN OUR LATE PROGRAM DIRECTOR, DR. PETER ELLIS, BEGAN WORKING WITH CONNIE JULIUS, THE DIRECTOR OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS OF THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATION, TO DISCOVER THE BEST WAY IN WHICH THE FOUNDATION COULD BE HELPFUL. SINCE PETE'S DEATH, DR. JOEL OROSZ OF OUR STAFF HAS ASSUMED THIS RESPONSIBILITY. THE BEST WAY FOR THE FOUNDATION TO BE HELPFUL, IT TURNED OUT, WAS (IN DR. ELLIS'S WORDS), TO uHURRY HISTORY ALONG. u ALL OF MICHIGAN'S 29 COMMUNITY COLLEGES HAVE uSATELLITE RECEIVE u CAPABILITY . . IF THE MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND IS ABLE TO MAKE, BY WAY OF MITN, THE GIFT OF THE MOBILE UPLINK, THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES WILL SOON HAVE THE ABILITY ALSO TO ORIGINATE PROGRAMS. IN SHORT, THE BASIC HARDWARE WILL BE IN PLACE. WHAT IS NEEDED NOW IS SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE TO MAKE THE MOST OF IT. So THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION AND THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATION HAVE ENTERED INTO A PARTNERSHIP TO DO JUST THAT. AND I AM PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THIS MORNING A FOUNDATION COMMITMENT OF $3 MILLION TO ENABLE THESE PLANS TO MOVE FORWARD. PIECES. THIS IS A PARTNERSHIP IN TWO THE FIRST IS A GRANT TO MCCA OF $500,000 OVER FIVE YEARS TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES TO ENHANCE THE SKILLS OF THE PEOPLE WHO IMPLEMENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS ON EACH CAMPUS. THROUGH THIS �4 SUPPORT, MCCA WILL BE ABLE TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT TO THE PEOPLE WHO MAKE TELECOMMUNICATIONS WORK THROUGHOUT THEIR NETWORK. THESE FUNDS WILL ALSO ALLOW MCCA TO MONITOR AND AID IN THE EVALUATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITY AT ALL MEMBER CAMPUSES. THE SECOND PORTION OF KELLOGG FOUNDATION SUPPORT IS A BLANKET APPROPRIATION OF $2,500,000 WHICH WILL BE MADE, OVER FIVE YEARS, DIRECTLY TO MICHIGAN'S COMMUNITY COLLEGES ON A COMPETITIVE BASIS. THERE WILL BE THREE TYPES OF GRANTS MADE FROM THIS APPROPRIATION: FLAGSHIP GRANTS THESE WILL SUPPORT PROJECTS TO ENHANCE THE EFFORTS OF ONE OR MORE COMMUNITY COLLEGES TO IMPROVE THEIR SERVICES ON A REGIONAL OR STATEWIDE BASIS . . THE GRANTS WILL BE PARTICULARLY TARGETED TOWARD UNDERSERVED AREAS. A TOTAL OF $400,000 PER YEAR FOR EACH OF FIVE YEARS IS EARMARKED FOR THESE MAJOR GRANTS. VENTURE GRANTS THESE WILL PROVIDE, AS THE NAME IMPLIES, "VENTURE CAPITAL" TO COMMUNITY COLLEGES THAT HAVE CHALLENGING AND CREATIVE IDEAS FOR THE USE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, BUT LACK THE RESOURCES TO MAKE THE INITIAL INVESTMENT. EACH GRANT WILL BE FOR ONE YEAR, AND $50,000 ANNUALLY WILL BE ALLOCATED FOR SUCH GRANTS OVER THE FIVE YEARS OF KELLOGG SUPPORT. �5 BOOSTER GRANT~ THESE WILL PROVIDE, AS THE NAME IMPLIES, A TIMELY uBOOST u FOR A PROMISING PROGRAM, IN ORDER TO BRING IT TO COMPLETION SOONER, AND HOPEFULLY BETTER. EACH ALSO WILL BE FOR ONE-YEAR, AND $50,000 ANNUALLY WILL BE ALLOCATED OVER THE FIVE-YEAR PERIOD. FOR ALL THREE TYPES OF GRANTS, THE APPLICATIONS WILL BE SCREENED BY A TELECOMMUNICATIONS EVALUATION COMMITTEE, APPOINTED BY MCCA, AND COMPOSED OF COMMUNITY AND CIVIC LEADERS AND TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS. THEY WILL SET CRITERIA, AND NOMINATE A LIST OF FINALISTS TO THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION. THE FOUNDATION WILL THEN MAKE THE FINAL DETERMINATIONS FOR FUNDING. ALL OF THE PROJECTS THAT THE FOUNDATION SUPPORTS IN THIS INITIATIVE WILL BE ASSESSED BY IMPARTIAL THIRD-PARTY EVALUATORS, AND THE LESSONS LEARNED WILL BE SHARED WITH THOSE WHO STAND TO BENEFIT FROM THEM. IT IS OUR HOPE THAT THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES WILL DISCOVER WAYS IN WHICH TO MOVE THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS FORWARD RAPIDLY. �6 WHILE WE ARE SPOTLIGHTING TELECOMMUNICATIONS THIS MORNING, WE MUST REMIND OURSELVES THAT TELECOMMUNICATIONS IS IMPORTANT ONLY TO THE EXTENT THAT IT IMPROVES THE LIVES OF PEOPLE. IF THIS PARTNERSHIP CAN DELIVER NEEDED INFORMATION, IN A TIMELY MANNER, TO THOSE IN THE INNER CITY AND IN RURAL AREAS, AND TO OTHERS WHO HAVE NOT BENEFITED FROM THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION, THEN IT WILL BE A SUCCESS. AND IT WILL PROVE AGAIN THAT MICHIGAN WORKS BEST WHEN ITS GOVERNMENT, ITS INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND ITS FOUNDATIONS WORK TOGETHER. THANK YOU AND GODSPEED TO ALL OF YOU IN YOUR IMPORTANT WORK. RGM/LPT0335C � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1990-01-22_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Michigan Community College Telecommunications Network Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 22, 1990 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the launching of the Michigan Community College Telecommunications Network. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-01-22 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a6a48e341b2dbfed3185d02572dd65f9.pdf 09224649dfd9fe83066d40340baa5597 PDF Text Text NO HIGHER PlffiPOSE Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby Pre si dent, W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Annu al Me eting Thank-you Night of the Battle Creek Area Unit ed Commu ni t y Services January 20 , 1971 It is a privilege for me to be a part of this Annual Meeting-Thank-you Ni ght p rogr am. I am grat e ful to your Prog ram Commi t t e e fo r inviting me to be wi t h you this evening. In asking me t o accept t h is ass i gnment , yo ur Commit tee ha s s ele ct ed a speaker wi t h a bias ed point of v iew, f or I am fully s upport i ve a nd deepl y a pprec iat i ve of a l l th at UCS represents . As t he one par t i c i p ant in t he p rogr am thi s evening wi t h no off ic ial capac ity with ues , may I beg in my remarks as an un of fi ci al-- self- appo i nted , i f you please- -spokesman for th e c ommunity . Speak i ng for all of us i n t he Grea ter Battle Creek- Cal houn County commu nity , we ar e grateful f or your e f f orts on b ehalf of a l l of us . Somet imes I fear y ou hear mostly the neg ative, with criticisms t hat are ot h er t h an con s tru ctive. But that's the noisy few. As a community at large, we ar e grateful t o yo u bu sy peop le who take responsib i l it ies in our United Communi ty Se r v i ce s , to ser ve as off icers , directors, divis ion chai rmen , c ommitt e e members , and vo lunteers in the Unit ed Fund campaign . With refer ence to the campa i gn , t h i s past y ear has been r egarded as a " r ou gh ye ar " b ut i t' s ap p ropriate to r erai nd ourse lves t hat in thi s c ampaign just c ompleted , more do l lars were r a i s ed t han ever b e fo re in th e l oc al campaign, more peop le wer e g iver s , more workers were engag ed in t he campaign th an ev er b efore in hi s t ory. The s e s ignificant fa cts , in li gh t of the difficult economic and polit ical s ituation experienced l oc al l y, vould seem to me to represent a deg r ee of succe s s of v h i ch you a l l can be proud . �2 Further, we are gr a t e f u l to the leaders and the staff members of the constituent ag,encies of UC S and to the volunteer workers without whose dedicated servi c e the programs of these agencies and or gani zat i ons would be impossible. Foundation work we often speak of th e multiplier effect. In ou r Just so, in th e e f - forts of United Community Services, the efforts of UCS leaders and staff and agency leader s and staff are multiplied through volunteer services, in this way touching the lives of individuals in homes and communities throughout the a r ea . On thi s ni gh t, the entire c ommunity says to you--and through you, to all who make poss i b le this c omprehensive ef f ort we call UCS--THANKS. The lives of cou ntl e s s individuals--boys a nd gi r ls , men a nd women, young and old- - h ave b e en mad e b r ighter and richer thr ough y our effo rts . II As I t hink o f this group me eting tog e t he r t onigh t, a whole phi losophy of l ife is summed up i n three words, UCS : United : working together Commu ni t y : all of us, car i ng abo ut each other Se r v i c es : transforming word s, ideas, convictions into helpful, u seful action In no ot h er country of the world would one be likely to find an event like this, for nothing is more characteristi c ally American than the fundamental precepts of United Fund g i v i ng a nd UC S. Firs t, t h i s is a p r i vat e effort to deal with human concerns and social needs. It r epresents a p art o f ou r plura l i s ti c approac h to problems in Ameri ca, in which we do not transfer al l res ponsibi liti es to gove r nme nt , but rat h er r ec ognize t he i mportant contribution of t h e private s e ctor of ou r s ociety in serving human caus e s. �3 As we s urvey th e history of soci al progre s s, we recogniz e that very oft en innov a ti orein me eting human needs have b een developed through the initiative of p r i vat e individuals and group s with their own resources. As such innovative efforts have succeeded, very oft en they h ave been sustained and expanded at publi c expense. But the initiati ng f orce was a private effort. Se cond , ues repre sent s a vo l u ntar y effort, of our own fr e e will. Ea ch i ndividu21 make s his own deci si on a s to hi s contribution or role, b a s ed upon h i s own convict ions and cons cienc e. Third, DeS repr es ents giving, of dollars and time and tal ent. Nowher e e ls e in t he world has th e conc ept of private voluntary g i vi ng b ee n so well de velop ed . Yet , as thi s Ame ric an cr ea t ion is now be i ng "export ed" to countri e s and c ult ures around t h e world, t hose who ar e involved with t he private s e ct or here are in crea singly co n c er ned wi th c er tain tr ends t hat appear to be developi ng. There seems t o b e a n erosi on of volunt e e ri sm, an increasing tendency to transfer to government responsibilities which b efore have been met by volunt ary, p r i va t e effort. And the r e app e a r s also t o be a tendency to incre asingly co n s t ra i n the priva t e s ector , impo s i ng mor e r e s tricti on s and bu r eaucrat i c re gula ti on s wh ich detr act from the cent r a l purposes and s igni f i cant cont r i b ut ions of privat e philanthropy. The most r ec ent exampl e of this is the Tax Reform Act of 1969, the impl i cati ons of whi ch are not y et clear, but whi ch have significance for Foundations such as I represent and for all private giving. All who fee l de eply, as I do, about volunt e erism and p r i vat e phi l anthropy mus t be con cerned and take pos i t i ve , f orceful act ion to s ee t hat privat e agenc ies �4 continue to be vital forces , meeti ng priority needs of people in communit ies so that these agenc ies continue to warrant c it izen confidence and support . II I To this end , each of you who has an offic ial r esponsib ility- -as an off icer , as a trustee or board member or co~ittee member , as a staff member , or as a volunteer- -with DCS or any constituent agency , has been accorded by the community the responsibil ity and author ity to provide leadership for all of us i n fulfil l ing the go al s an d potent ial of Uni t ed Fund giving . This is a de- mandi ng ass ignment , sometime s thankless , but in t he larger sense r eward i ng and fulfi l l ing . You k now better t han I t he processes r equ i si t e to s uccess i n t he goals of united giving and United Community Services , but permit me two observations . My first observation relate s to the tough , complex business of sett i ng priorit i e s. I n each agency it is abso lutely ne cess ary , in a systemat i c and compr ehe ns i ve way , to take a hard l ook at programs . The questions to b e asked and answered a re not easy , i nc l ud ing s uch perplexi ng issues as who i s be ing served, to what ends , how wel l , an d what may be alternatives, both in my agency or elsewhere in UCS . The business of setting priorit ies is hard to do , for emotions run de ep . Success i n best ser v i ng the community r equires selfle s sne s s ; statesma ns hi p in community ser v i c e s , if y ou please ; a conscious effort to avo id confusing ends with means ; and a concern for the whole rath e r than a preoccupation with l e s s e r self-centered irterests . I am sure you share my exc itement at the announcement this evening by Mrs . Jenney of the YwCA and Mr . Sundberg of the YMCA regard ing the plans of �, 5 thes e two organizat ions t o con sider merging their progr ams , r e s ource s, and future. Thi s deci si on I am sure has been r eached only after the most thorough a nd soul -s ear chi ng a nal ys is and i s b as ed upon a co nv i ction by the e nl i ghtened l eadership of these two org anizations that t he inter ests of t he total commu ni t y can be b e s t ser ved in thi s way. I co ng rat ul a te th em on t his st at esmanl i k e a cti on and wi sh th em su c c es s i n thi s e f f or t . In addition to prior ity sett ing wi t hi n each a gency , the United Community Servic e s has t hi s r e s ponsibility i n th e per sp e ctive of t h e l ar g er communi ty. The setting of pri or ities requi res difficult dec i sions and involves some r isks. I t' s much easi e r t o comp lete a pri orit y of needs st udy t ha n to i mpleme nt t h e r e commen dati on s r e s ult i ng therefrom . I am sure you a re fo l lowing with int er e s t t h e co ur ageous effor t s in Detro i t to r edire ct en erg ie s a nd r eall ocat e r es ources to me e t t he h i gh e s t p rior ity ne e ds of the Detroit community . The Michi gan Unit ed Fund j ust now is in th e middl e of a se lf- s t udy e f f ort , co ncerning itsel f with t he s it uat ion today and t he r equi r eme nt s for suc cess in t he f ut ur e . I n thi s ve i n I comme nd t o you f or y ou r t ho ug ht f ul co n s i de rat i on t he s t a t eme nt s in the Annual Report s of t he President a nd t he Division Chairmen of our UCS. I am convinced that our community wi ll expand th e ir support of ou r United Commu nity Se rvi ces (1) as the community un der s t and s the needs of t h e community and t h e r eali s t i c plans of UCS to meet those need s and (2) as the community has growi ng confi dence that ea ch do l l ar i s sh epherded careful ly and wi s ely sp ent . Earl ier I made refer en ce t o t he priva t e sec t or in prov iding l eaders h i p t o the pub l ic s ec t or in program i nnova tions to meet huma n needs . I would submit t h at the private sector in l ike fa sh i on can show th e way in the ar ea s of �6 priority setting and accountability as well. Perhaps the successful experience of UCS and its constituent agencies in this difficult process can be transferrable to our public institutions. My second observation relates to the challenge of keeping UCS truly united. United effort is particularly trying in times of stress--on budgets, on emotions, on traditions. It's easy to be united when every answer can be yes; it's much more difficult to work together when resources are limited in relation to budget requests and program aspirations. United Community Services is probably the best, certainly the most durable, example of joint effort in our community. Too seldom are we able to put aside arbitrary political boundaries and provincial interests to work together to common ends. We need more of this in our community, in every phase of our social, economic, and political life. Perhaps UCS again, as it con- tinues to be successful in welding community energies to serve common goals, can chart the way for further cooperative undertakings in the Greater Battle Creek Area to the mutual benefit of all. IV I was delighted to see the New Year's Day editorial in the Enquirer and News. Those who read it will recall the statement entitled, "Our Town Needs an Epidemic of Wellness.,r In this statement the editor reminded us of the tre- mendous resources and assets we have in our local community, what a great place in fact in which to live. Too often these days we somehow seem to be pre- occupied and overly conscious of the negative influences and we need to look at the plus side of the ledger to keep proper perspective. �7 To be i n vol v eda s you ar e ,t oa s s um et h erespo n s i b i l i t i e syou h a v e assum ed i nD eS andth ev a ri o u sc o n s t i t u e n tag e n ci e s ,you m u s th av e fa i thin m a n k i n d andb e an o p tim i s t (are a l i s t ,y e s,b u t an o p tim is ta swe l l ) . A sw e med i ta te on t h e con c e r n sw ef e e lf o r ou r comm un ity, som e tim e sth e sca le andm agni t u d e o f th e un fi n i sh edwo rk is a lmo s tove rwhe lm ing . I nth isk i n do fa s it u a ti o n Il i k etor em indm y s e l f o ftheselin eswh i ch m ayb ef am ilia rt oyou : " I amonl yon e,b u t I amon e; an' t doe v e r y t h ing, bu tI c an do som e t hi n g ; Ic ~~ t Ic an do , I ough t to do; a t I ough tt odo, by t h eg race o fGodI w i l ld o . " And wh ~ ea ch o fu sw i l l GO wh a t w ec a n do and ough tt odo , ou rG r e a te rB a ttl e Cr e e kcommun i tyw i l lb ea c o n t i n u a l l yb e t t e rp l a c ef o re a ch -a n da l lt o l i ve . v fua th i ghe rpu rpos ec anman s e rv e ? � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1971-01-20_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, No Higher Purpose Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 20, 1971 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Annual Meeting Thank-you Night of the Battle Creek Area United Community Services. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-01-20 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a11a9e9f0dccee70ec27c1c32cf7b430.pdf 31c5db3ecb3ec34fcbb95f40c45aadd9 PDF Text Text "WHICH POCK ET?" O u t l i ne o fR em a rks b yD r . Rus s e ll G .M awb y , Ch ai rm a n a n d Ch ief E xec u ti v eO ffi c e r W . K . K e l l ogg F o u n d a t i o n B a t t l eC r e e k , Mi c h ig a n E conom i cC l u bo fG rand R ap ids J a n u a r y 16 , 1984 ~d V; ~OOd 1 . IN TRODUCTION tob eb a ck "home "i nG r and R api d s: 1 . N a t i ve of K e n tC o u n t y 2 . G r a d u a t eo fG r an dR api d s 'C r e st o nH i g h Schoo l B . ~nce ~ovember CMF Conference in GrandRapids: 1 . "Th eG r and R a p i d s Stor~~ ' as t o l db yD i c kG i l l e t te ,a s w e l l a sr e l a t e dr em a r k s by R i c h a r dD eVo s , B il l Se i dm a n a n do t h e r s . 2. R e c o r dC o n f er e n c etu r nout ;d r a m a ti c ,posi t ive im p r e s s i o n o fG r and Ra p i d s ,i t s pe o p l e , its h o sp i t a l i t y . ~~ A . ~~ Publ i cpurposes~are , i ntwop rim ary - �.. B y gove r nm e n t : e x p e n d i t ur e sfromthe p u bl i csec t or ' s " t a xp o c k e t . " a. ~ ~t g o v e r nm e n tw i ll ,in 1984, ~ i nt a xc o ll e c t ions from a l l of u s. . $66 0 bi l lion ~~ ~ b . Ap o c k et fromw h i c hg o ve r nme n tw il l ,i ntu rn, r e d i s t r i b u t e sam e re s ou rc e s-p lus $189 bi l lio n d o ll a r s it d o esn ' thav e -- f o rp u b li cp u r poses . c . Purpo se s as : o e f e n s e ($239 b ill i o n ) ;so cia l F serv i ces ($300b i ll i o n ) ;edu ca t ~n ($ 13.5b i llio n ) ; veter a n s' bene f i U( $ 2 6b i l li o n) ;a long w i - b i l l i o nju st top a y in t e r es ton o u rn a t i ona l - d e b t ! ~ oo an a 348 on~ P u b l i cp u r p o ses a lso fu lfilled throu g h vo l u nt a r y c o n t r i b ut i on si no u r soc ie ty f r oma n o t her ,"pr i va t e s e c t o rp oc k e t ." a . I nto t a ld o l l a r s ,t h is pocke tof reso u r c e s no t as im p r e s siv ea s gover n m en ta l coun terpar t . Som e 2 �w ay s mo r e im p o r t a n t ,mo r e refle ct i v e ,of Am e ri c a n va l ues a n db el i efs . b . E ach y e a rAm e r ica n ~s L,;'9~~ . . . -lL .... ;+10"8 i t hc o r p o ra t i o n s a n d fo u nda tions, dona te $60 b illi o ni n t o" p r i v a t e - s e c t o rp o c k e t "o fo u rs o c i e ty fo rc h a r i t a b l e cause sa n dp u r p oses . N ine t yp er c en t ( $55 b i lli o n ) i scon tribut e dby i n d i v i d u a l s . c . M o re than h al f Am e r i c ans a l s ore g u l a r l yvo l un te e r t h ei rtim e . E s t im a ted t h a t Am e r ic a n sw i ll v o l u nt e e r$ 6 4b i l l i o n in servi c e st oo ur co mmun itie s i n1 9 8 4 . d . Tot a l g i v i ng of t im e ,t a l e n t ,and m o ne y by Amer i c a nc it i zens i n1 9 8 4 wi l l be abou t$124 b i l l ion -sam e as 15 p e r cen tof al l F ede r a l go v e r nm e n te x p e n d i t u res f o ra ll p u r p o s e s . e . N early every f u nc tion now p e r f o r me db yg o v e r nm e n t once prov ided by v o l u n t a r yg r oups in o u rs o c i e t yeducat i on, w e lf a re, care o f the aged, a n dt h e b u il d i n gof r o a d s . 3 �f. R ecen t p e r i o d inAm e rican h isto r y( 1 960s a n d 197 0 s) b e l i e v e d ev eryt h i n g co u l d be done o u to f the governm e n t's " t a xp o c k et . " "L e tt h eg o v e r nme n t do i t "w a s the c r y . B illio n so nb i l l i o n so f ---- dol l a r sspent as g o vernm e n tt o o ko ver ,o r be g a n ~ .. r e g u l a t i n g ,e d1 . facets o fo ur n a t i suu tl i f e . g. S t !~a ' Part reason w hy U n ited S t a t es faces esti m a ted $189 b il l i o n de f i c i tth is y e a r ; h as acc um u l a t e da $ 1 . 3t r i l l i on dolla rna t ion a l d e bt . h . . . . . P e rson a . l . . l a v d o la r s . e c o n om i c sa t e "t h a t tri l lion-p lu sd o l l a r of American a utomob ile so rb u s h e ls o fw he a t it wou ld buy? 4 �~ ~~ ~ h i l e i .W ~ d~ ; : e : . • " .~ ~ ; a t On s t ar t jngt oundeF et d" t h r ow i n g" g o v ernm en t ya t soc ia lp r o b l em sd o es n't so lve them . mone j . R e c o g n i ze im p o r t a n c eof tha tot h e r" v o l u n ta r y s e c to rp o c k et "of t im e ,e n e r g y , and comm i tme nt i no u r so cie ty. B eginn in g to s e ec i ti z e n sand i e sd e v o t et h e i rown hum an an df i nan cia l commun it re s o u r c e st oso l v ing p r o b l em s-r a t h er than w a i t in g fo r governm e n ta l one to do i t fo r th e m . ~c ~ ~ { ~ • )nl~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ r:J.. i III. THE GRAND " RAP ID S EXAMPLE A . L ook in ga r o u n d the na tion, no b et t e rexam p le of s u c h vol u n t a r yi n i t i a t i v e s ;o f suc c e s s fu l" r e b a la n c i n g "g o v er n m en t and c iti z e nr e spons i b ility than w h at b e e n accompl i s h e d h e r ei nG r and R ap i d s . B . ~c~ t.~ ~ ~c D ic kG i l l e t t e ca ~ t t h e2 5 y e a r ," f o u r c o r n e r s t o n e " effo rt. B u i lt u p o nl o c a l ,pr i v a te m o n e y as "stim u l an t " f o rap p r o p r i a t eg o v e r nm e n t a li n v o l v em e n tin fund ingo f f o u rc o r n e r s t o n e s : �1 . G r a n dR a p i d s' e x p r e s sw a ya n du r b a nr e n e w al , 2. down tow no f f i ce a n dg o v e r nme n t a lc om p l e x , 3 . r e d e v e l o pm e nt o f strong r e t a i l b u si n e s s e sd own t ow n ; a n d 4. G r a n dR a p i d s as a c o n v e n t i o n / e n t e r t a i nm en tc e nt e r . C . E a r l yp r iv ate mon e yc o mmi tm e n t si n c l u d e dt h eG ra n dR a p i d s ;v; ~ ~ F o u n d a t i o n , St e e l c a s e , Amw ay , G r a n dR a p i ds b a n k s. > :0 .-6' I t 1. G r eat l ycom pounded scope of o t h e r ,l a t e r doll a r c o n t r i b u t i o n s . E xem pl a ry comm itm e n t stended t os e t h i g he x p e c t a t i o n sf o r ot h e r si nG ra n dR api d s . 2. Comm i tm en to f these founda tio n s, i n d i v i d u a l s ,co rpo ra tions, b a n ks a d d e db e li e v a b i l i t ya n dc r e d i b il i t yto t u r n i n g ad r e am fo rG r a n dR a p i d s ' fu t u r ei n t osom e t h ing a c h i e v a b l e . D . ~ a tc o r p g r a e±ons in t h i scommun i ty ~~ p r o v i d e dc e n t r a l le a d e r s h i p . c a s e s ,t h e ~~d~a~~ a n k sa r e c o r p o r a ti o n sa n db s t a k ei nt h i s comm u n i t ya n di t sfu ture. 6 ' ~ ~ D - ~ ~ ' - �1 . G r and R a p i ds 's u c c e s sal s or e f l e c t s an ew p e r ce pt i o n a b o u tw h a t is p r o p e r ,a n d poss i b l e ,f o rc o r p o r a ti o n s in t e rm so ft h e i rl a r g e rr o l ei no u rs o c i e t y . ~ ~ .I - IV . ROLE OF CORPORAT IONS A . o r p o r a t i o n se v o lved a n dd e v e l o p e dt h r o u g h years, A s c s o c i e t y ' se x p e c t a t i o n sh a v ec h a n g e db e y o n dt h e i rh i s t o r i c p u r p o s e :c r e a t i o nof g o o d s and s e r vi c e sa ta p r o f i t . B. My p e r s o n a lb el i e fth is h is t o r i cp u r p o s ei sst i l l c e n t r a l a n dv a l i d . J o h nD e smond G l o v e r of H a r v a r d ' sB us i n e s s S c h o o lh as n o t e d extrao rd ina ry l e v e l so fAm eri c a nproduc tion, an dc o n s um p t i o n ,no tp o ss i b l ew i thou t an i n d u s t r i a lo r g a ni z a t i o n r e p r e s e n t e db yc o r p o r a t i o n s : "C o rpo ra tio n sa r et h e ' p r i n c i p l e e n g i n e s 'c r e a t i n gp l e n t y ,p u s h i n gg row th, a n d lead in g c h a n g e in t h eU n i te dS t a t e s ." 1. P as t80 years, r e a ld is p o s a b l e in com e trip led w h il e wo rk tim ed e cl i n e db y a th ird i nt h eU .S .) ~ ~; ; r~~ 7 �C . P u b l i c de b a t eo v e r the r o l e of c o r p o r a t i o n sl i k e ly t o c o n ti n u e . ~ ear~corporat ons face d e l i c a t ew ei g h i ng of d em and so f the c o r p o r a t i o n 's m a i n c o n s t i t ue n ci e s :c u s t om e r s , emp loy ees ,communitie s ,s o c i e t ya tl a r g e ,s u p p li e r s , s h a r e h o l d e r s . r , g ro ss m i sr e p r e s e n t a t i o n by som et h a t"mo st c o r p o r a t i o n s D. Howeve don't g i v eany th ing a t ~ ~ ch a r it a b l eo rs o c i a lp u r p oses ." I o -U o+ o -~ d l.. : ;p. .H :~ ~ ~ Re c e n t l yre l e a s e dst u d y( b yC ou n c i lf o rFi n a n c i a lA i d to E d u c a t i o n ) show sj u s t the oppos i t e-c o r p o r a t i o n sm ad e c h a r it a b l ec o n t r i b u t i o n sof nearly $3.5b i l l i o ni n1982 ev e nw h i le stra in ing u n d e rt h i r dc o n s e c u t i v e ye a rof d e cli n i n gp r o f i t s . 1 Po rtion o fp ret a xn e ti n c om eg i v e nb yc o r p o r a t i o n st o cha r itab le o r g a n i z a t i o n sh a s rem ai n ed ne a ro n ep e r c e n t m a r k ( 1 . 2 9p e r c e n t in1 9 8 1 ). B u tg r ow i n g numb e ro f c om p a n i e si nU n i t e dS ta t e sseek t oboos ttha tp e r c e n t h i g h e r . 8 �. : / I I H av ed o n et h is ,m o st p a r t, t h r o u g hf o rm a t i o n of " c l u b s "of c o r p o r a t i o n sw h i c h a n n u a l l yg i v e ei t her I n to r 5 pe r c e n t of i n c ome t ononprof i t o rga n i z a2 perce t i o n s . A t le a st n i n e ci t i e sw ith these c l u b s :M inn e ap o l i s r e the i d e asta r t e d ) ,B a ltim o r e ,B i rm i ngh am , (whe / I Lou isv ill e , San F r a n c i s c o , Ka nsa sC it y ,S ea t t l e, P h o e n i x ,W a sh ingt o n ,D .C . 3 . Shou ld G r a n dR a p i d s -- a c i t ywh ic hha s taken t h e l e a di no ther a r e a s of p r iv a t e se cto r in i t i a ti v ea lso have s u c ha c o r p o r a t e" c l u b "f o c u sed on i n c r e a s ed ch a r it a b l egi v i n g ? ? ? E . Som e exe c u t iv e sa n d e c o n om st s~a r u e b u s i ness of b u s i n e s s i sj u st b usi n e s s ;t h a tm an agem e n th as no r i gh t, no q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , t ou n d e r t a k ea c t i v i t i e st oim p r o v es o ci e t y, o rt ot a xits c o n stit u e n t sf o r su c hp u r p os e s : "sin c et h egenera l w e lf a r e of so ci e ty is a governm en ta lr e s p o n si b i l i t y . " F . But ,w e know t o d a yg o v e r nm e nt c a n n o tdo i t a l l . 9 �G . C o r p o r a t i o ns m u s t b e com e mo r e invo lved i np u b l i c prob l em s, w i t h a cl e a r e rp e r s p e c t i v eo fb u s i n e s sas a b a s i ci n s t i t u t i o n inAm e r i c a ns o c i e t yw h i c hh as v i ta l st a k ei ng e n e r a l h e a l t ho f th ec omm u n i t y ,a sw e ll as i nits ow np u b l i c a c c e p t a n c e . H . My v i ew , critica le lem en ti sb a l a n c i n gt h i se x p a n d e dr o l e f o rb u s i n e s sw i t h o ut e r o d i n gp~ e• • e~ d i s ci p l i n eo f : t t - p rofitab ili t y ,a n da c c e p t e dc r i t e r i o nof c o r p o r a t ep e rf o rm a n ce , A w h i c h l i ea t the he a r to fo u r.s u c c essf u lc o r p o r a t ee n t e r p r i s e s . I. No t an e a s y task, b u t you ' v e shown it can bed o n e he r ei n G r and R ap i d s . V . A . ROLE OF M ICH IGAN FOUNDAT IONS A l o n gw it hc o r p o r a t i o n sa n di n d i v i d u a lc i t i z e n s , ) p r i v a t e and commun ity f o u n d a t i o n sa r ea l s om aj o rsou rce o ff u n d i n g a n di n i t i a t i v et h a tcom es out o ft h eo t h e r" p r i v a t esec to r p o c k e t ." 10 �B. Each year, Ameri c a ' s 23,000 pr iva t e a nd c ommu n i t y foundat ions give $3 b ill ion for charitab l e purpo se s. C. Mi ch igan a pac e set ter i n f o un d a t i on philan thropy with mo r e th an 8 60 founda ti on s ( ran k s 3rd nationall y among s t a t e s ) . Tot a l a s s e t s o f n ear ly $ 3 bi l l ion. Annu al c hari tabl e e x p e n d itures b y Mic hi gan f o u n d ati on s to tal $ 30 0 mi ll ion . D. While large f oundat ion s in Mi c h i g a n Mo t t, Kre s ge, Kel lo gg --are mos t wel l known , 6 0 p erc en t o f a l l Michi gan foun d a t i on s have asset s o f l e s s than $ 2 00 , 0 0 0 . Of t en sma ll f ou n d a t i o n s are mos t i mp or t a nt i n terms of i mp a c t o n l oc al commun ity n eed s. 1. Grand Rapid s-bas ed f ou n d at i o n s are an impo r tant part o f t h e f o u n d a t i o n p i cture i n Mi ch i g a n . ( 1 0 4 Grand Rapid s foundations , asse t s of $7 9 million, n early $ 6 mi llion in 1 9 83 g r a n t s ) a . Grand Rap id s Communi ty Founda t ion with as s e t s o f $23 mill i on, annu al g r a n t s of $ 1 .2 mil lion . ( Second l arg e s t c ommun ity f o und at i o n i n Michigan.) 11 �b. Company-spons ored f o un da ti o n s a n d giving programs, l i k e Ste elcas e Foundation; Amway; Un i o n , Mi ch igan Nat iona l, and Old Ken t Ba nks . c. Private f o u n dat i on s in Gra n d Rapid s hav e had maj or rol es i n addres sing local a n d regional n e e d s : Dyer-Ives Founda tion, Ke el er Fund, Wege Foundation, Seb a s tian Foundation , VanAnde l and DeVo s Founda tions as examp l e s. 2. Michigan 's philanthropic foundatio ns are working ind ep endent ly in thei r communities, and t h r o u g h t h e i r state a s s oci ation. a. Council of Michigan Foundations. (1 67 members: foundations, banks, corporate foundations, corporate giving programs. 1 8 CMF member organ iza- t ions are in Grand Rapids. b. Statewide philanthropic initiative s like the Michigan Investment Fund, and Michigan Emergency Cash Flow Loan Program for nonprofi t agencies. 12 �A lso, new w i l li n g n e s s to wo r kw ith gov e r nm e nt a t a l ll e v e l s . VI . THE W . K . K ELLOGG FO UNDAT ION A . C lo s ew i t h a few comm en ts abou t t h eK e llogg Founda tion, sp r og r ammi n g ,a n d rel a t i o n sh ip of gov e rnme nt r e g u l a t i o n s it w it hbus i n ess s u c c es sa n d ph ila nthrop ic in i t i at i v e . B . H ist o ry rev e a ls m o s tg r ea tind iv idua l ,c o r p o r a te , and p h i l a n t h r o p ic fo rtu n es creat e db y en trepr e neur sw i th _ good i d e a . N o t by a ni n d i v i d u a lo ra no r g a ni z a t i o ncaref u lly d i n ge a r n i n g sh a r n e r e df rominv e s t m en t si nd i v e r s ifi e d hor p o r t f o l i o s. e r ei nG rand R a p i ds : furni t ur ei n d u s t r y ,g r o c e r y / 1. T rue h shopp ing c e n ter c h a i n s ,d ire c t s a l es i n d u s t r y ,a n d ot h e r s . C . Al s otr e ~d o e a t cerea li . n d u s t r y ,a n dw . . K . K e l l og g , found e ro fK e ll o g gC om pany and W . K . K el l o g gFounda t i o n. .. ,K t..J ~ \<" 13 ~ �1. In 1930, Mr. Kellogg t u r n e d ove r n early hi s Sotal personal weal th of s ome $ 4 1 mi llion ( l a r g el y Kellogg Company stock) to e s t a b l is h t h e W. K. Kellogg Fo u n d ati o n . 2 . S ince then, the Ke l logg Fo und a t i on has us e d income f r om tho s e original assets t o make grant s t o t a l l i n g more than $ 700 million. - 3 . ~ -Jl-' 'a< , ~e e i n c r e a sed i n value to over $1 Kellogg's gif t to th e Founda tion of $41 million ha s re s ulted i n charitab l e grants nearly 20 times the origina l g ift, plus more t h a n a 2 5-fold growth i n actu al v alue o f the 'Fo u n d a t i o n ' s chari tabl e assets. 4. Mind ful that Foundation i s the d irect beneficiary o f t h e Amer ican fre e ente rpr i se s y ste m: The Kellogg Company' s s u c c e s s over t h e year s has made possible Fo und a t i o n ' s dramatic record of expendi tures for charitab le e x p e n d i t u r es here i n Michigan , a n d throughout Uni t ed Sta t e s and wor ld. 14 �D . ~~ K e ll o g gFounda ti o n has h a d a num ber of m a i o a c t i v i t ies b e n efitt i n gt h eG ra n dR a p i d sa r e a ,i n c l u d in g : 1. E astow n, c o o p e r a t i v ep r o j e ct b e tw e e nA q u i n a s C o lle g e a n dnei g h bo rhood o r g an i z at i o n si nthem i d 1 970s t o r e v e r s en eig h b o r h o o dt r a n s i t i o na n dd e t e r i o r i a t i o ni n a 70-b lock ar e aof E as tG r a n dR api d s . Asuc c e s s f ul , testeda p p r o a c h to thep e r e n n ia lqu es t i o n : "What can o u ri n s t i t u t i o n (c o l l e g e ,h o sp i t a lo rc o r p o r a t i o n ) do t ohe l psave it sn e i g h b or h o o d ? " 2 . M a j o r g r a nt ( $ 1 48 , 0 0 0 )t h i sy ea rt oas s i s tthe G r a n d R api d sSymphony i ne x p a n d i n ge d u c ati o n a lo ut r e a c h pr o g r ams fo r secondary schoo la g e d ~~ a c r o s sW es t e r n c an ~ oun s t er~ ~ ~ 4 J ' . . . . . . . ro ect ~ ~ ~~ e x p e c t e dt ore a c h 1 0 , 0 0 0a r ea s t ude n t si ni t sfir s ty e a r al o n e . ) 3 . Funds ($187 , 0 0 0 ) to creat e(197 5) a r e aw i d ep r o g r am t o t r a i nnew fam ily p r a c t i c ep h y s i c i a n st oserv et h e g rea te rG r an dR a p i d s communit y . 15 �4. Vari e ty o f g r a nt s t o l i brary s y s t e ms in Grand Rap ids area: comput erize the ir b o ok c o ll e c tion s a n d li n k up wi t h s ta tewid e and n a t i o n a l l i b r a r y b o o k r e tr iev a l s ys tems. 5 . Th i s pas t Nov embe r , t h e Ke l log g Foun d a ti on prov i de d $3 50,0 00 to Butterwo r th Hospi ta l in Grand Rapid s t o help hosp ital i d e n tify way s to c onta in and reduce h ealth c a r e c o s t s f o r are a c iti zen s . 6. Thi s l a t e s t gran t in Gra n d Rapid s re fl e c t s new s e t o f Ke l logg Foundation f u n di ng p r i o r it i e s developed in a t wo - y e a r pro c e s s , involving th e Foun d ati o n ' s Board o f Tr us tee s , s t a f f , and c o n s u l t a n ts . E. Planning proces s r e s u l t e d in Kello g g Foundat ion f oc u s i n g on s e v e n n ew progr amming areas, i n cl udi ng two rel at ed only to Mi c h iga n . 1 . Adul t Continui ng Ed uca t i on. a. Adul t Le a r ner Service s 16 �b. Residentia l Continuing Education Cen ter s, Community Colleges, and Public Li braries 2 . c. Collabora t ive Continuing Pr o f e ss i o n a l Educa t ion d. I n t e l l e c t u a l Foundation s e . Preparation of Adm inistra tor s f. Nat ional, S ta te, and Re gional Pol icies Bettermen t of Health. a. Health Promotion Servi ces b. Education o f Hea l t h Promo tion Professional s c. Hea lth Promotion Policy d. Compatible Comput er ized Da ta Systems e. Edu c a t i on o f He alth Professional s in Public Heal th 3. Commun i ty-Wide Coo rd i na t ed , Cos t-Effec t i v e He alth Serv i ce s . a. Communi ty-wid e Mu lt i-institutional Arrangemen t s b. New Too ls/Quantification c . Cost Conscious Professiona l Educa tion d. Hea lth Care Poli cymaking 17 �4. Wholesome Fo o d Supply. a . Te chno logy a nd Informa tion Tr a n s fer b. Univ e r si ty Programs in Agr iculture and Human Nutrition 5 . F . c. Agri cul tural a n d Human Nutri tion Awa r e n e ss d. Appropri at e Policy Alternative s Broadening Leadership Ca p ac i t y . a. Kellogg National Fellowship Prog ram b . Kellogg I n t e r n a t i ona l Fe l l ows hi p Pr o g r a m c. We l l-Informed Leader s d . Citiz en Board Le a d e r s hip Th e last two new Ke l logg p r i o r i t ie s t a r g e t s p e c i f i c a l l y on Mic hig an: 1 . Ec on omi c Development in Mic higan. An economic up turn is u nderway na tionally and i n Michigan. But, long-term r e al i ti es o f changi ng Michigan economic and emp loymen t ba s e: from heavy manu fac turing t o l i gh t indus try and service industri e s. 18 �a . Mu lt i f a c et e de c onom i cd iffi c u l t i es w h i c hM ich i g an still f a c es : rem a ini n gh i gh u nem pl o ym e n t ; rec e n t n et ou t-m ig ra tion of som e 300, 0 0 0p e op l e; ero sion in p e r s o n al p e rc a p i ta i n com e ; lack of g r ow th of h i g a n ' sk ey a g ri c u l t u r a lindustry. M ic e ll o g gFound ati o nc o ul dhe l pa d d r e s st h e s e How K i o n g e r t e rm econom ic pr o bl em si nM ich i g a n : un iversity, l a b o r ,go vernm e n t, andb u s i n ess p a r t n e r s h i p si nd e v elopm e n ta n da p pl i c a t i o no f new techno log ies f o re c onom ic d e v e l o pm e n t . ~c I n d u str i a lTec h n o r o gy I n sti t u t e, Ann A rbor. .. .... Mo re t an~ m on m ay b e commit t e d to thi s amb it i o u s eff o rt t oc a p i t a li z e on res e a rch capab iliti e s of t h e U n iver s ityo fM ic h i g a n d u r i n g ne x td e ca d e . O b j ect i v et oma k eM ic h i g a n ac e n t e rn ati o n a ll yfo rr e se a r c ha n da p p l i c a t i o n of r o b o t i c s in m a n ufa c t u r i n g . Invo lv es m a j or s u p p o r t fromt h e M i c h ig a n Econom ic D e v e lopm e nt 19 �Aut h o r i t y ,Ke l l o g gF o u n d ati o n ,D ow Foun da ti o n , Mott a n do t h er M ic h i g an-b a sed fou nda tion s. d . M ic h i g a n tecbpo ~ ~ ~t e E a s tL ansing. p r e s e n t s a si m ilar effo rt to d raw u p o n res e a r c h Re r e n g t h s of M ich igan S ta t e U n iversity, M ichi g an st T echno log ica l Un i v ersi t y ,a n d W est e r nM ich i g a n Uni v e r s i t yi nt h ea r e a s of a g ri c ul t u ra l, f o o d p r o c e ss i n g ,p a p er m ak ing , fo restry a n dwood pr o d u c trese a r c h. Mod e s t in i t ia lg ra nt by Ke l l o g g ($1 5 0 ,000 ) fo r sta r t u p M B Ie x p e n s e s ,a n d a $6 m i l l i on comm{ t m en t ,o v e rs i xy e a r s , from t h eMi c h i g an E conomi cD evelopm e n tAu t ho rity, c o nt i nge n to no t h e rp r i v a t e sec t o rsuppo rt. e n t i a ls t ill i ndoubt?) (M B I pot e . E conom ic Al l i a n c e fo r M i c h i g a n . Jo in t eff o r t of l a bo r, busi n ess le a d e r s h i pto e x a m ine sta te e c o n om ic pr o bl e m s a n d ne e ds w i th i n spec ific g e o g r a p h i ca r e a s of M ich i g an. 20 �f . Mi ch igan I nv e s t me n t Fund . I nve s t ment resour ce s t otall i ng up to $ 2 0 mi l lion f r om s t at e pen sion f und sources, p riva t e f ou n d a tions like Kell ogg , Mot t and Dow , a n d v en ture capital i st s. Objec tiv e to identi fy and attrac t t o Mi c hi g an h igh g r owth p o t ent ia l b u sine s s e s . ( MIF h a s i nve sted i n sev e n high g rowth po tential companies as of Nov e mbe r 3 0 , 19 83. Has 3 8 other c ompanie s u n d e r c o nsi d erat i o n . ) 2. Opportunitie s for Youth i n Mic higan. To o bi g a probl em for WKKF to a d d r e s s nationally. Focus o n pre school c hi ldren and adol e sc ents in Mich igan, wi t h prior i ty a tt ention i n Batt l e Cre ek and De troi t. a . Col laborative effor t s i n Batt l e Creek i nv o lvi n g n ine ar ea public and priva te s c h o o l s f o r th e first time: computer l i t e r a c y workshop s for teacher s and student s; in stitute s f or t h e gi f ted and t a l e n t e d ; inse r v i c e t r a i n i n g f o r sci ence and 21 �m at ht e a c h e rs ; su mmer yout hcoun se ling and em p lo ym e n t . b . Im po rtan t as " f irst step" in c o l l a b o r a t i v e a p p r o a c hes to s e rv i ng yout h-i nB at t l eCr e e k , o t h e rM ic h ig a n co mm u n i t ies . V II . CONCLU S ION A . R eg r ettabl et h a tt h e s etypes of i n nov at i v e ,p r i v a t esec to r e f f o r t sm a y be mu ch mo r e d iffic u lt i nf u t u r e . Federa llaw l ac e dp r o hi b i t i v er e s t r i c ti o n s on the c r e a t i o nof n ew has p p r i v a te found a t ions a nd th us the ir p o siti v eimp a c t on so c i a lp r o b l em sa n d nee d s. B . M r . K e l l og g , today, c o u l d no t, wou ld no t , establ i s h the K e l logg F o u n d a t i o n . H e , li k emos te n t r e p r e n e u r s ,s e t up h i sf o u n d a t i o nusi n gp r im a r ysource o fw e alt h :stock i n th e comp any o rc o r p o r a t i o nw h i c h he f o u n d e d. C . n c e1 969 , federal tax p o l i c y re st r ic t sam oun to f st o c k Si f roma n y o n ecomp any wh i c hc a n be 22 dO~ n~ta b t �ap r iva t efounda tion. e r c e n tm u st be s o l di nfive y e a r s . ] 1. Cong re s s i o n a lc o nc e rn o v e r a fewex am p l es o f se lf d e ali n g (l o w -in t e r est loans b etw e e nf o u n d a t i o na n d c o n t r o l l e dbu si n ess), a n dm an ag em en t o fb u s i nes s e n t e r p r i s eb y a founda t io n . 2 . Th e se a b u s e s co r re ctedby o t h e rp r o v is i o n so fTRA 69. No ne e df o rm a n d a t e d st o c kow n e r s h i pr e s t r ic tio n so r d i v es t i t u r e. 3 . P r o v is i o nh a s resu lted i nd r a st i cdec l i n ein c r e a t i o n of p r i v a t efound a t ions s i nce 1969 . ~ W h y ? Ag ai n ,b e c a us em o st fo r tunes arem ade b ye n t r e p r e n e u rs w h e t h e r i nr e a d y t o e a tc e r e a lb u s i n ess ,i n s u r a n c e, a t e v e r . If cr e at i n ga p r i v a t efounda ti o n furn itu re, o r w h , w ithmo r e t h a n~ p e r ce n to fcom pany stock f o r c e s r ep r e n e u rt os e ll a large b l o c k-o rc o n t r o lof ent e compa n y itse lf -- t h e nh e is m o re l i k e l yt oj u s t th g i ve t h e stock to a lm a m at e ro r favo rite c h arity. 23 �5 . The p o t e nt i a lfo r crea tion of n ew founda tions i s l im i t e du n l e ss th i sf e d e r a ll awc a nb ec h a n g e d . D . Y e a r 1984 a n exc iting t im et obe l i v i ng in U n i t e dS ta tes, a n dM i c h i g a n. 1 . P a r to fr e a lc h a l l e n g e ,i nm yv i ew , is to c o n t i n u e n a t i o n ' smov em ent t ow a r dr e a s s e r t i n gsoc ia lim p o r t a n c e , a n dp o t e n t i a l ,f o rp r i v a t ei n i t i a t i v e-through c o n t r i b u t i o n so f ti m ea n de f f o r tb yi n d i v i d u a lc i t i z e n s , c o r p o r a t i o ns ,f o u n d a t i o ns, a n di n d e p e n d e n tn o n p r o f it o r g a ni z a t i o n s . 2 . ~ ~ t a xl aw pr v~ t at ve 3 . A le x i sdeTo cqu e v i l l ec omm ent e dab o u t Am e r i c a n s mo re t h a n 150 yea r s ago: lithew e a l t ho ft h i s dem o c r a t i c soc ie ty s e em s to bem e as u r e dby the qu a l i t yo ff u n c t i o n s p e r f o rm e dby pr i v a t e ci t i z e n s . " 4. P r e si d e n tR e a g a n echoe d sen t im en tr e c e n t l y : "You m e e t hero es ac r o s sa c o u n t e r-a n d they're o nb o t h 24 �sid es of t h a tc o u n t e r. . . T hey are i n d i v i du a ls a n d fam i l i e swhose t a xes suppo rt t h egovernm en t, a n d o l u n t a r yg i f t s suppo r t ch u r c h, c h a rity, c u l t u r e, whose v a r ta n de d u c a t i o n . T he ir p a t ri o ti smis quie tb ut e p . Th ei r v al u e s sus t a in ou rn a t iona l life." de 5. The P res i d e n tw as s a y i n g tha t s o ci e ty ' sn e e d sa r e ~ fu lf i lled jth ro ugh tax c o n t r i b u t i o n sc oll e ct e di nthe rnm e nt ' stax p o c k et , "a n d in thev o l u n t a r y "gove "priva t ese ct o rpoc k e t"o fc h a r i t a b l e gi v in gw hi c his o r n e r s t o ne o fo u rs o c i e t y . ac 6 . B u tn e e d mo re than po litica l rh eto r i c in thi sel e c t i o n - year. N e ed t oi n s i s tth a tgove r nm e nt polL c ya n dL aw b em ad ec o n s i st e n tw it hw ha tw e say w e b e l i e v e. 7. A ~es o ut o n to ke e p inm ind a n d en co ura g e . rand R a p i ds h a s show na l lo fus w h a t'sposs i b le w h e n 8 . G c i v i cleaders, b u si n e sses, f o u n d a t i o n s, a n d gov ernm e nt kto g e t h e r in s t e a do fa tc r oss p urposes . Whe nw e w or 25 �real i z e t h a t t h e que stion, and t h e answer , to "Which po cket?" is n ot nearly so importan t as wha t we can a c h i e v e wo rking t o g e t he r . JMR1, I WPC : 1/11/ 84 26 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1984-01-16_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Which Pocket Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 16, 1984 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Economic Club of Grand Rapids. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-01-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/90803aecb8e6ce345a60052afcf9486e.pdf 6ac9bb849849ce3f9869a0c37fddb704 PDF Text Text "THE GREATESTO t>PORTUN ITY " R em a rk sb yR u s s e l lG . M awby , P r e s i d e n t W . K . K e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o n a tt h e O p e n i n gG e n e r a l S e s s i o no ft h eA n n u a lA s s em b l y o ft h e C o u n c i lf o rt h eA d v a n c em e n t a n dS u p p o r to fE d u c a t i o n \ o J a s h i n g t o n , D .C . J u l y1 4 ,1 9 7 6 I I ti sa p l e a s u r ei n d e e df o rm e t ob ew i t hy o uf o rt h i sA n n u a l A s s em b l yo ft h eC o u n c i lf o rt h eA d v a n c em e n t a n dS u p p o r to fE d u c a t i o n . Iw e l com e t h eo p p o r t u n i t yo fb e i n ga g a i nw i t hs om any good f r i e n d s c o n c e r n e dw i t hh i g h e re d u c a t i o nt h r o u g h o u tt h ec o u n t r ya n da p p r e c i a t e t h eo p p o r t u n i t yo fm a k i n g n ew a c q u a i n t a n c e s . Th ank y o uf o rt h eh o n o r o fp a r t i c i p a t i n gi ny o u ro p e n i n gG e n e r a l S e s s i o n . You rA s s em b l y t h em e"A D e c l a r a t i o no fI n t e r d e p e n d e n c e "h a sa n a p p r o p r i a t eB i c e n t e n n i a lf l a v o ra n d ,f u r t h e r ,r e p r e s e n t sa ni n s i g h t f u l p e r c e p t i o no ft h ei n t e r d e p e n d e n t~ature o fo u rc om p l e xmod e rn s o c i e t y a n dw o r l d . C e r t a i n l yt o d a ym o r e t h a ne v e r ,e v e r yt h o u g h t f u lp e r s o n i sc o n s c i o u so ft h ei n t e r d e p e n d e n c eo fp e o p l e ,o ft h e i ri n s t i t u t i o n s , o ft h e i rp o l i t i c a lc r e a t i o n s . T h i sr e a l i t yc a n n o tb eb e t t e rs umm a r i z e dt h a ni nt h ew o r d sw r i t t e n 350 y e a r sa g ob yJ o h nDonn e - �2 "No man is an island, entire of itself, every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friends or of thine own were; any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee ." Education -- generally available to individuals from all walks of life; in myriad forms; formal and informal; publicly and privately supported -- has been a crucial ingredient in the development of our American society. If Century Three is to build upon the traditions and achievements of our first two hundred years and if the days and years ahead are to be brighter , in the fullest human sense, than those gone by, education must continue to play its full role. For you as professionals coqcerned with the advancement and support of education, the challenges of tomorrow will be both gigantic and complex. But, while some bemoan the demise of the "golden days" of the recent past, I suggest that the next two decades may represent education's greatest opportunity for its full contribution to further progress in transformin g the American dream into reality. My brief comments this afternoon address the interdependent relationships of higher education and private foundation philanthropy to that end. �3 II Dr. Clark Kerr l, one of our most respected educational statesmen, & World in a recent issue of V.S. News Report, observed that "The predominant mood among leaders of higher education today is one of deep gloom about the future. I believe this mood is not fully warranted by realistic prospects. This is not to say it has no justification." After commenting briefly then on the stress points in higher education, the evidence that higher education is in a stronger position within American society than at any time in more than 300 years, and his perceived "steady state but changing" future for higher education, Dr. Kerr concludes with this emphasis: "One thing is certain, nevertheless, and that is that, in the condition of the modern world that requires ever higher skills and ever better ideas, the long-run importance of high-quality higher education can only increase." Dr. Alan Pifer, in his President's statement in the 1975 Carnegie Corporation's Annual Report, thoughtfully discusses "Higher Education in the Nation's Consciousness." In his usual thorough and insightful analysis, Dr. Pifer reviews the current status of higher education in America. He suggests the forging of a new consensus regarding the position of higher education in American life and suggests that academic institutions themselves can do much to assist this evolution. First. they must stop trying to sell higher education to potential students on the grounds primarily of its economic benefits ... Second, higher educational institutions must continue to press ahead with the 1 V. S. News and World Report, JulyS, 1976. �4 administrative and educational reforms on which they are now embarked ... The most important task ahead for the academic community is to cut costs while at the same time preserving or even improving quality ... Another area for consideration is that of faculty productivity ... Finally, higher education must review every aspect of its operations its governance, administration, teaching, research, student life, and external service -- to be certain that in a moral sense it really does qualify for public trust and approval. While each of us might debate the details of either of these analyses by two distinguished educators, I subscribe to their general thesis: Namely, that education is a vital component of American life; that, while there may be disenchantment in many circles and even by the public at large with certain aspects of our current educational establishment and system, the public commitment is substantial and unaltered; and that, if those responsible for higher education prove adequate in respondin g to changing societal needs, remedying imperfections, and serving the highest purposes of education, they will continue to deserve -- and have - '- the public's trust and support. I would emphasize that this does not suggest simply doing more of the same in the future as in the past, or just doing it more efficiently, or grandly invoking new technology and gadgetry. Rather, the changing lifestyle of our people suggests the need for substantive changes in our educational system and the institutions which comprise it. �5 Th ec a s ef o rt h ef u t u r eo fh i g h e re d u c a t i o ni nt h eU n i t e dS t a t e s c a nb ep r e s e n t e db r i e f l ya sf o l l ow s : 1 . W e a r ea l e a r n i n gs o c i e t y . Ch ang ei so n eo ft h em o s t p e r v a s i v ec h a r a c t e r i s t i c so fo u r t im e s . W e h a v e com et or e c o g n i z et h ev i t a lr o l eo fl e a r n i n g i na c c om p l i s h i n ga n da c c omm o d a t i n gt oc h a n g e . 2 . L e a r n i n gi s ~ l i f e ,i na l li t sa s p e c t s . E d u c a t i o ni s e s s e n t i a lf o ra l lt h ev a r i o u sr o l e so ft h ei n d i v i d u a l : f o r o c c u p a t i o n a lp r o f i c i e n c y ,w h e t h e r i nt h et r a d e s ,t h e p r o f e s s i o n s ,o rw h a t h a v ey o u ; -f o rc i v i cc om p e t e n c ei nf u l f i l l i n gd em o c r a t i cc i t i z e n s h i p r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s ; -f o rf am i l yl i v i n g ; -f o ra v o c a t i o n a li n t e r e s t s ; f o r s e l f f u l f i l lm e n tg o a l si na ni n c r e a s i n g l yc om p l e xw o r l d . 3 . L e a r n i n gi sl i f e l o n g ,f r omt h ec r a d l et h r o u g ht h etw i l i g h t y e a r s ,i nm y r i a d f o rm s~ c i r c um s t a n c e s . I t ' st h i sl i f e - l o n gd im e n s i o no fl e a r n i n gt ow h i c hi n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g h e r e d u c a t i o nh a v ef o u n di t m o s t d i f f i c u l tt oa c c omm o d a t e . E d u c a t i o n i nt h i si n s t a n c e ,h i g h e re d u c a t i o n h a sa s p e c i a l p l a c ei no u rd em o c r a t i cs o c i e t y . U n i v e r s i t i e s ( Iu s et h et e rmh e r et o i n c l u d ea l li n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g h e re d u c a t i o n tw o y e a r ,f o u r y e a r , g r a d u a t e ,p u b l i c ,p r i v a t e )a r ec o n c e i v e di no u rs o c i e t ya sk n ow l e d g e r e s o u r c ec e n t e r s ,w i t hr e s p o n s i b i l i t i e si nt e a c h i n g ,r e s e a r c h ,a n d s e r v i c eo re x t e n s i o n . T y p i c a l l y , t h et e a c h i n gf u n c t i o no ft h e u n i v e r s i t yi sd e f i n e dt o on a r r ow l y ,u s u a l l yr e l a t i n ge s s e n t i a l l yt o �6 students in residence, young in age, and engaged in degree-oriented programs of study. If universities are to fulfill their educational potential in serving the needs and goals of society, they must define the teaching function more broadly and creatively in the years ahead. Teaching in this expanded concept--on and off campus, credit and non-credit, for varied clientele in non-traditional patterns--should be a normal faculty role. I realize that there are many forces which must be reckoned with. These include such realities as the financial considerations of fundin g higher education, usually involving some formula related to full time equivalent enrollment; the constraints of self-created systems of accreditation and credentialing ; the frequent discomfiture of the faculty in dealing with o ther than captive, post-adolescent students ; and the reluctance of decision makers within the institution and beyond to condone non-traditional approaches to reaching educational objectives. But I also sense a readiness . today in academia--and on the part of learners--to consider, explore, test new concepts and approaches. This readiness is evident in such developments as the Carnegie Commission's report, "Less Time, More Options;" the Newman Report; the Commission on Non-Traditional Studies; and widespread interest in such ideas as the open university, the e xternal degree, and a university without walls. As a private foundation with a long tradition of involvement with higher education in a variety of ways throughout the country, we are �7 attuned to the issues which are very much on your agenda--changing clientele, improved teaching effectiveness, economy and cost containment, retrenchment, management and governance, changing roles of trustees, on and on. We share the urgency of these concerns and in fact have made a great many institutional grants for efforts which address issues such as these. But I would suggest for your consideration that one of the most pervasive realities--and opportunities--confronting your institutions as they face tomorrow 'is the implementation of the broad concept of lifelong learning. The rhetoric has all been said; what remains is the doing. For a brief moment, let me share with you a few ideas which to me as one foundation executive seem to represent challen ges in implementing the concept of continuing education . Foundations, by their nature and commitment, tend to be concerned with innovations, experimentation, pioneering efforts. We have a somewhat unique opportunity of being a part of significant developments in education and yet being somewhat apart from them. Hopefully, this perspective will be helpful to you in your deliberations at this Assembly and beyond. Among the challenges would seem to be the following: 1. Creativity in institutionalizing the concept of lifelong learning continuing education. No institution of higher education has really accepted the full implications of the concept of lifelong learning and done something about it-done somethin g about it in terms of the organizational chart of the institution, the patterns of financin g, the reward �8 s y s t emf o rf a c u l t y ,f u n c t i o n a la c t i v i t i e sa n dr e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h i nt h ei n s t i t u t i o na n dw i t ho r g a n i z a t i o n sb e y o n d . I ti st r u et h a tw e h a v ee x am p l e so fe f f o r t si nt h i s d i r e c t i o n ,b u tt h e ya r ef r a gm e n t a r ya n di n c om p l e t e . W e do i n d e e dn e e dc om p r e h e n s i v em o d e l s o fw h a tm i g h t b ed e s c r i b e d a sa c o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nu n i v e r s i t y . W e n e e dm o r e s u c ham b i t i o u sa n dc om p r e h e n s i v ei n s t i t u t i o n a le f f o r t s . 2 . C r e a t i v i t yi np r o b l em o r i e n t e dp r o g r am s ,i na d d i t i o nt ot h e mo r e t r a d i t i o n a ld i s c i p l i n e o r i e n t e da p p r o a c h . Mo s t p r o b l em sw h i c hc o n c e r no u rs o c i e t ya r ec om p l e x , i n t e r r e l a t e d ,m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y , d i f f u s e ;o nt h ec o n t r a r y , t h es o l u t i o n sw e c o n t r i v ea r eu s u a l l yh i g h l ys p e c i f i c , p r o s c r i b e d ,s im p l i s t i c . T h i sd i c h o t om yb e tw e e nt h en a t u r e o fp r o b l em sa n ds o l u t i o n si sa m a j o r s o u r c eo ff r u s t r a t i o n a n df a i l u r e . A se x am p l e s ,c o n s i d e ro u rc o n c e r n sw i t hh e a l t h c a r ed e l i v e r y ,w i t ht h ev i a b i l i t yo fo u rl o c a lp o l i t i c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s ,w i t ht h ee f f i c a c yo fe l em e n t a r y s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n . R e s o u r c e s f r omt h r o u g h o u tt h eu n i v e r s i t ym u s t b em o b i l i z e d t od e a li na c om p r e h e n s i v ea n da d e q u a t ew ay w i t hs u c hi s s u e s . 3 . C r e a t i v i t yi nw o r kw i t ht h ei n f o rm a ln e tw o r ko fc o n t i n u i n o . 0 e d u c a t i o no r g a n i z a t i o n s . H e r e Im e an v o l u n t a r ya e s e r v i c eo r g a n i z a t i o n sl commun i ty i n s t i t u t i o n ss u c ha s e ~ �9 libraries, museums, art centers, churches. While it's true that continuing education activities of universities customarily include contacts with such entities as these, such inter-relationships are neither as systematic nor as comprehensive as they should be. 4. Creativity in developing linkages between the formal (traditional undergraduate, and graduate) and informal teaching programs. Usually these teaching activities at the university exist side by side with virtually no interaction. Again, there are a few encouraging exceptions. 5. Creativity in inter-institutional arran gements, implyin g coordination and cooperation. Institutions of higher edu- cation must be less unilateral in their educational activities. Society will no longer tolerate the apparent inefficiencies of multiple, duplicative efforts. Better answers must be demonstrated in the roles and relationships of universities, four-year colleges, community colleges--public and private-in meeting educational goals. 6. Creativity in identifying specific target audiences in various settings. With some audiences , exemplary effort in continuing education can be cited; other audiences are virtually or absolutely unreached. No one would advocate that a university should be all things to all people. But should not institu- tions of higher education be charged with strengthening all of education--with creating new institutional forms if they �10 are needed, nurturing them, preparing personnel, evaluating their effectiveness, and developing modifications that the educational needs may be better met? 7. Creativity in the use of new technology in learning. Much has been made of new hardware and software available for teaching. Most impressive examples of experimental efforts can be cited. But characteristically, teaching tends to be more of the same old thing. The challenge in the utilization of new technology appears to lie with the human element. As a society we have built a great industry around the concept of estate planning. There is one pre-condition for the implementation of the elaborate scheme we design ... 1 must die. As one who finds that option not appealing but who continues to be a student of sorts in various circumstances, 1 am moved to suggest: Why not a compre- hensive approach to building an individual plan for lifelong learning and growth? Such a plan should reflect the latest concepts of the stages of adult development; incorporate my personal values and goals; and represent a totally comprehensive and refreshingly new accommodation of educational institutions to the interrelationships between work (profession, career); family; leisure; and learning. 1 wish one of my alma maters had enough interest in and concern for me to remind me that my "intellectual capital" is depreciating and in fact may be obsolete. 1 wish they had developed my sensitivity to this fact during my undergraduate days, reminding me in my freshman year that what 1 was learning in sociology and chemistry would be hopelessly outdated as time passed and that 1 should undertake a �11 systematic plan for intellectual rejuvenation and expansion. Some colleges and universities have undertaken very creative alumni programs, for which you are to be commended. But such efforts seem not characteristic of higher education nor generally available to alurrmi. In general, health care systems are designed for the convenience of the professional staff; in like fashion, education systems tend to operate for the convenience of the faculty and the institution. This will change--and dramatically--in the years immediately ahead. both through modification of what is, and through the creation of new institutional structures, if that alternative seems more feasible. Hopefully , the leadership for either remodeling or building anew will corne from professionals in education, who can if they but will. In your various responsibilities--in alumni affairs , fund raising and development, publications and information, institutional and go v e r n ment relations--you can be influential in shaping the future. You have been perhaps too modest, too in awe of the "pure academic"; higher education--and society--would be the beneficiaries of your more active participation in the decisive dynamics of your institutions . III From these comments you can see that I am bullish on the future of higher education in this country. future of private foundations, Before venturin g a look at the let me comment very briefly upon the interdependence of these social institutions--instftutions of higher education and institutions of private philanthropy. The Foundation Center in New York City defines a foundation as a non- governmental, non-profit organization, with funds and programs �1 2 m an ag ed b yi t sow nd i r e c t o r s ,a n de s t a b l i s h e dt om a i n t a i no ra i d s o c i a l ,e d u c a t i o n a l ,c h a r i t a b l e ,r e l i g i o u s ,o ro t h e ra c t i v i t i e s s e r v i n gt h ecommon w e l f a r e , p r im a r i l yt h r o u g ht h em a k i n g o fg r a n t s . A t t h en a t i o n a ll e v e la f ewn am e s co rn eq u i c k l yt om i n d -F o r d, R o c k e f e l l e r , L i l l y ,K r e s g e,M e l l o n , J o h n s o n ,~ p e r h a p se v e nK e l l o g g . tt S l o a n ,C a r n e g i e , B u to fg r e a t e rs i g n i f i c a n c en um e r i c a l l ya n d v e r yo f t e no ft h eg reatest s i g n i f i c a n c et oi n d i v i d u a li n s t i t u t i o n s a r et h em y r i a d s om e 2 5 ,OOO f o u n d a t i o n sw h o s e i n t e r e s t sa r el o c a lo r r e g i o n a l ,r e l a t i n go f t e nt os p e c i a li n t e r e s t sa n ds e l e c t e di n s t i t u t i o n s . H i s t o r i c a l l ya n dc u r r e n t l y ,t h el a r g e s tb e n e f i c i a lc a t e g o r yo f f o u n d a t i o ng r a n t si se d u c a t i o n . vm i l ei ti sd i f f i c u l tt og e tp r e c i s e i n f o rm a t i o n ,p r o b a b l yh a l fo fa l lf o u n d a t i o nd o l l a r s go t oe d u c a t i o n b r o a d l yd e f i n e d . T h u s , p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n s i ns e r v i n gt h e i rp a r t i c u l a rs o c i a lg o a l s -m o s to f t e nl o o kt oi n s t i t u t i o n so fe d u c a t i o na s g rant r e c i p i e n t s . F rom t h es t a n d p o i n to fc o l l e g e sa n du n i v e r s i t i e s ,y o ua r eb e t t e r a b l e t ocomm en tt h a nI on t h eim p o r t a n c eo fp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o nf u n d s . 2t I na r e c e n tr e p o r t ot h e at ~ A c ad emy o fE d u c a t i o n on "E d u c a t i o n a n dM a j o r P h i l a n t h r o p i cF o u n d a t i o n s , "t h ea u t h o r ss u g g e s ttwob r o a d f u n c t i o n so ff o u n d a t i o ns u p p o r t : 1 . To p r o v i d eb a s i cs u p p o r t ,w h e r e i t i sm o s t n e e d e d ,t ot h e e d u c a t i o n a ls y s t em . T h i si sa c o n s t r u c t i v e ,c o n s e r v a t i v e t y p eo fa c t i v i t y ,l i k e l yt ob eg e n e r a l l ya p p r e c i a t e d . 2 "E d u c a t i o na n dM a j o r P h i l a n t h r o p i cF o u n d a t i o n s , "A R e p o r t t ot h e N a t i o n a lA c ad emy o fE d u c a t i o n ,b yR o b e r tJ .H a v i g h u r s t , P r o f e s s o ro f E d u c a t i o na n dHum an D e v e l o pm e n t, T h eU n i v e r s i t yo fC h i c a g o ; D o n a l dB . H o l s i n g e r , A s s i s t a n tP r o f e s s o ro fE d u c a t i o n , t h eU n i v e r s i t yo fC h i c ag o ; a n dE r i kS . L u n d e , A s s i s t a n tP r o f e s s o r ,D e p a r tm e n t o fAm e r i c a nT h o u g h t a n dL a n g u a g e ,M i c h i g a n S t a t eU n i v e r s i t y . A p r i l1 976. �13 This is a support for the Establishment, in which the foundation allies itself with the main body of educators. 2. To support innovation and experimentation, aimed at improvement through change in the educational system and in the society. The Rockefeller Foundation President, Chester Barnard, in his 1951 report, wrote that the Rockefeller Foundation has been, "a pioneer and a supporter of pioneers." This function can and very likely will disturb the Establishment at times. It can be seen by some people as a threat to their way of life. On the other hand, the modern western society is so change oriented that innovation and experimentation are welcomed by many people in principle, even though they may be uncomfortable at times. And then analyzing seven decades of foundation activity in the field of education, the report to the National Academy concludes, "We are at once impressed with the basic and essential roles that have been filled by the foundations. They supplied the major financial support for higher education at two critical periods-the 1920's and the 1950's. Their support for endowment and for faculty salaries stimulated the private colleges and universities to raise even more through campaigns with alumni and friends to contribute their share on a matching basis. Their support for education in the South brought in the resources badly needed by the poorest region of the country. "We note that some foundations have maintained a fairly sharp and narrow focus for their programs in the field of education. The Mott Foundation, with emphasis on Community �14 School, has made a unique and important contribution. The Lilly Endowment has consistently supported religious education and programs of training for the ministry; and has been a consistent supporter of private colleges in the State of Indiana. "The Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Ford Foundations, together with Kellog g and Danforth, have worked assiduously at improvement and innovation, in league with reformers and researchers. In this respect they have occasionall y assisted controversial projects and this would seem essential if they are to serve as chan ge a gents. "As the federal government has moved into the field of support for educational research and development since 1960, there must be a reconsideration of the functions of private foundations in this area. Government support may become much larger than foundation support for research and development. So far the witness of educational researchers and policy makers who have received financial support from governmental and foundation sources is that the foundations do a more satisfactory job." A more detailed statistical or philosophical analysis is not appropriate at this time. I think most observers and participants in higher education would agree that the support of private foundations has been beneficial in promoting experimentation and facilitating constructive change. �15 IV With an optimistic view of the future for higher education and a recognition of the mutually beneficial relationships of institutions of higher learnin g and of private philanthropy in the past, let us now turn briefly to a look at private foundations in the future. It is in this element of the interdependent relationship that the prospect seems less bright. Turning back to our Bicentennial theme, it seems appropriate to remind ourselves that voluntary giving--of time, talent, money--is an American phenomenon which characterizes our society. From the days of earliest settlement, we have endorsed and employed a pluralistic approach in meetin g societal goals, mobilizin g both private and public resources . You realize that private foundations (actually private resources which are voluntarily and irrevocably committed to public benefit) are but one small part of the private voluntary sector , simply a legal mechanism by which the fruits of the free enterprise system can be systematically directed to social benefit through private voluntary initiative. All of us here should be concerned with the continuing vitality of private philanthropy and recognize that, whether donee or donor, our futures are inextricably entwined--interdependent. It is to the future of private foundation philanthropy which I propose to direct our attention now in the most candid and pragmatic terms. In the first place, it is sobering to realize that the only private foundations in tomorrow's world already exist today. Under current tax law, the birth rate of new foundations is virtually zero, �16 the few exceptions being essentially those for which irrevocable instruments had been drawn pre-TRA-69. Further, the numbers of foundations in the future--unless there are changes in the law--will be slowly declining , for coupled with the zero birth rate, is an accelerated death rate . Those passing from the sceriethus far are generally the smaller private family foundations whose vital contributions are to local philanthropy. Traditionally composed of equity holdings in the family business, they are beset by the complexities of conformance with the 1969 law and are particularly burdened by the payout rules of Section 4942 and the divestiture provisions of Section 4943. For many, the only reasonable course seems either dissolution or, of somewhat less negative consequence to philanthropy, transference of assets to a community foundation. Nonetheless, they pass from the private foundation scene. Finally, private foundations in tomorrow's world will have a lessening significance in the total social scene. Hhile our national economy will continue to grow, the resources of private foundations will not keep pace in either relative or absolute terms. of this problem relates to inflation . One aspect The educational and service enterprises which are the usual concerns of philanthropy tend to experience inflationary pressure beyond that for the economy in general. Most damaging to the capacity of private foundations to serve tomorrow's expandin g need, however, are those provisions of TRA-69 which are drying up the flow of new capital into existing foundations and which mandate the continuing erosion of their productive assets. �17 Manyof today's foundations -- the W. K. Kellogg Foundation being but one example -- started as small foundations which later received substantial assets from the donor and/or his estate. Many of the smaller foundations of today were created with the same intent. However, because of the several disincentives of TRA-69, no significant amount of new capital will now flow into these foundations. But the most debilitatin g provision of the current Code is Section 4942 , which requires that private foundations payout for their charitable purposes each year the gr e a t e r of net income or 6 percent of the market value of their assets. Investment managers know that historically portfolios produce less than 6 percent, actually over the long term somewhere closer to 3.5 or 4 percent. Thus, to meet this excessive payout requirement, foundation managers must consistently invade their corpus, thus continually eroding away the productive base on which their philanthropic activities depend . This is an unsound practice in the prudent fiscal management of private entities and will progressively impair the effectiveness of all foundations. Let me illustrate the impact of the present payout requirement using the foundation with which I am associated. From its inception in 1935 through its 1976 fiscal year, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation Trust will have made actual distribution of $296 million for charitable purposes. If the distribution requirements of TRA-69 had been in effect during those 42 years and had the Trust been required to annually distribute the higher of income or 6 percent of the market value of its assets, the distribution over the period �18 w o u l dh a v et o t a l e d$316 m i l l i o n , o ra ni n c r e a s eo fo n l y $20 m i l l i o n . How ev e r , t om e e t t h i sm a n d a t o r y p a y o u tr e q u i r em e n tt h eT r u s tw o u l d h a v eh a dt os e l l K e l l o g g s t o c kh a v i n ga m a r k e t v a l u et o d a yo f $440 m i l l i o n . T h u s , t op r o v i d ea 6 1 / 2p e r c e n ti n c r e a s et oc h a r i t y ,t h e T r u s t ' sc u r r e n ta s s e t sw o u l dh a v eb e e nr e d u c e db y5 3% t oa m a r k e t v a l u eo f $392 m i l l i o n , a so p p o s e dt oi t sa c t u a lm a r k e t v a l u eo f $832 m i l l i o n . F u r t h e rm o r e ,f u t u r ed i s t r i b u t i o n st oc h a r i t yw o u l dh a v e b e e ns i g n i f i c a n t l yr e d u c e db e c a u s eo ft h ed e p l e t e da s s e t sa n d e a r n i n g so ft h eT r u s t . T h i si se v i d e n c e db yt h ef a c tt h a td u r i n g 1976 t h eT r u s tw i l le a r na p p r o x im a t e l y$31 m i l l i o nw h i c hw i l lb e d i s t r i b u t e df o rc h a r i t a b l ep u r p o s e sa so p p o s e dt oe a r n i n g so fo n l y $15 m i l l i o nw h i c hw o u l db ea v a i l a b l eh a di t sa s s e t sb e e nd e p l e t e d b yt h eTRA -69 p a y o u tr e q u i r em e n t s . S u c he v i d e n c ea st h i sc o n v i n c e su st h a tt h eb e s ti n t e r e s t so f s o c i e t ya r en o tb e i n gs e r v e db ye x i s t i n gl e g i s l a t i o na n dt h a t ,w h i l e m any p r o v i s i o n so fTRA -69 a r el a u d a t o r y ,c e r t a i no t h e r sw a r r a n t m o d i f i c a t i o n o nt h eb a s i so fe e~ e e t od a t e . I nt h e s eo b s e r v a t i o n s , Ih a v er e f e r r e do f t e nt osm a l lf o u n d a t i o n s . Th eF o u n d a t i o nC e n t e rt e l l su st h a tt h e r ea r ea p p r o x im a t e l y2 5 , 0 0 0 p r i v a t eg r a n t -m a k i n gf o u n d a t i o n si nt h i sc o u n t r y . W h e n t h ew o r d " f o u n d a t i o n "i sm e n t i o n e d , e v e nt ot h o s ek n ow l e d g e a b l ei nt h ef i e l d , t h ei n s t a n tr e a c t i o ni st ot h i n kb i g : F o r d ,R o c k e f e l l e r , J o h n s o n , M e l l o n , K r e s g e , L i l l y ,p e r h a p se v e nK e l l o g g . T h e s ea r eh i g h l y v i s i b l ef o u n d a t i o n sw i t h l a r g ea s s e t s ,s u b s t a n t i a la n n u a le x p e n d i t u r e s , p r o f e s s i o n a ls t a f f ,a n da n a t i o n a lo ri n t e r n a t i o n a ls p h e r eo fa c t i v i t y . �19 But we need to remind ourselves that 90 percent of the foundations -or some 22,500 -- have assets of less than $1 million. At the other end of the size spectrum, only 38 have assets of $100 million or more. While the big few may be the most newsworthy in view of the media , the "quiet majority" of the private foundation world are conscientiously pursuing their respective and diverse activities in their individual communities. And to the people of those com- munities -- large and small, in every state -- and to the private voluntary or ganizations and institutions which serve local needs, the modest contributions of these quiet foundations are vital indeed. But in the public arena -- especially as policy decisions are made -- the quiet majority are not heard. Individually they have little voice; even collectively , in common with all foundations, they lack political clout. 1fhile this assessment of today's foundation in tomorrow's world may have a g l o omy complexion , it is sharply brightened by two realizations: First, the agenda of pressing human issues deservin g the best efforts of both private and public resources is long and urgent. In recent years, as government has grown ever larger and more encompassing at all levels, some have seen the public tax-supported sector as the ultimate architect and engineer in all programs of social purpose. This contrasts with the tested tradition of the American experience the mutually beneficial relationships of public and private enterprise in serving the best interests of our nation and its people. �20 But there is now a growing awareness among our citizens that burgeoning governmental programs and bureaucracies, ever greater outpourings of governmental funds are not fulfilling our nation's go a l s . Simultaneously in the voluntary sector, programs and pro- fessionals are becoming more sophisticated, responding in more adequate ways to the complex problems of society. The varied talents of volunteers are being effectively utilized in more sensitive and valuable services which meet human needs. Often working in concert, public and private efforts--in health care, education, libraries, services for the elderly and the handicapped, youth-serving organizations, church-related activities, special needs of minorities, cultural arts--are better meeting human needs than could either alone. Voluntary giving -- of time, talent, money -- will continue to be an important ingredient in the betterment of the human condition, enhancing recipient and g i v e r a l i k e . Common sense tells us that the future will be even more demandin g of individuals and institutions than the past. In the spirit of this conference, the best of both the private and the public will be required. Hopefully private initiative and voluntary effort will be permitted and encouraged to playa major and appropriate role in the future as in the past. Second, though certain provisions of TRA-69 are proving counter-productive to the best interests of society by impacting negatively on philanthropy, the law can be modified. Experience over the past six years provides a basis for careful review and revision through the Con gressional process. �21 U n h a p p i l y , t od a t ei nt h ec r ow d e da g e n d ao fp r i o r i t i e sc o n f r o n t i n gC o n g r e s s , t h es u b j e c to ft a xr e f o rmh a sr e c e i v e ds c a n t a t t e n t i o n . And wh en t a xm a t t e r s a r ea d d r e s s e d ,t h ec o n c e r n so f p h i l a n t h r o p yh a v en o tr a n k e dh i g h . H o p e f u l l y , c o n c e r t e de f f o r t b ys u c ha st h eg r o u pa s s em b l e dh e r ew i l lr e s u l ti nf u r t h e rc o n s i d e r a t i o no ft h e s em a t t e r s b yC o n g r e s s . Iw o u l d em p h a s i z et h a t my c o n c e r nr e s t sn o to n l y w i t hp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n s ,b u tw i t ha l l p o l i c yi s s u e sa n dl aw sw h i c hb e a r on t h ep r i v a t en o n p r o f i ts e c t o r . F o re x am p l e, w em u s t b ev i g i l a n tt h a tf u r t h e rd am ag ei sn o td o n e t h r o u g hc h a n g e sw h i c hc o u l dn e g a t i v e l ye f f e c tc h a r i t a b l eg i v i n gb y a l t e r i n gt h ec h a r i t a b l ed e d u c t i o no rd i s c o u r a g i n gg i f t so fa p p r e c i a t e d a s s e t s . On e h o p e d f o ro b j e c t i v eo ft h eComm i s s ion on P r i v a t e P h i l a n t h r o p ya n dP u b l i cN e ed s i st os t im u l a t ea s y s t em a t i c r e t h i n k i n gb yt h eAm e r i c a np e o p l eo ft h er o l eo ft h ep r i v a t e n o n p r o f i ts e c t o r . Th ea n a l y s e sa n dr e c omm e n d a t i o n so ft h eC omm i s s i o n p r o v i d eu s e f u la n ds t im u l a t i n gi n s i g h ta n dc a ns e r v ea st h eb a s i s f o rr e a p p r a i s a l ,n o to n l ya tt h en a t i o n a ll e v e lb u ta tt h eg r a s s r o o t s . Th ec h a l l e n g et ot h eg r o u ph e r ea s s em b l e di st oh e l pt h i s h a p p e na c r o s st h el a n d . L e t ' sn o tm i s s t h i s rtu t ~ I ns um n a r y ,i f p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n sa r et ob ea n im p o r t a n tp a r t o ft om o r r ow ' sw o r l d , s e r i o u st h o u g h ts h o u l db eg i v e nt ot h e f o l l ow i n g : 1 . Th ep r o v i s i o n so fTRA -69 w h i c h im p a c tn e g a t i v e l ya n d d i s c r im i n a t e ag a i n s tp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n ss h o u l db em o d i f i e d . A s r e comm end edb yt h eC o u n c i l on F o u n d a t i o n si nt h e i rr e p o r t �22 t ot h eF i l e rC omm i s s i o n , t h e r es h o u l db ea r e d u c t i o no ft h e 4p e r c e n te x c i s et a x ,w h i c hd i v e r t smon ey f r omd o n e e s ;a n a d j u s tm e n to ft h er e q u i r e da n n u a lp a y o u t ;r em o v a lo fs p e c i a l l im i t a t i o n son g i f t st of o u n d a t i o n s ;a d j u s tm e n t si nc e r t a i n d i v e s t i t u r er e q u i r em e n t s ;a n da ne a s i n go fc e r t a i np r o g r am r e s t r i c t i o n s . 2 . D i v e r s i t y among p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n ss h o u l db ep r e s e r v e da n d e n c o u r a g e d . F o r t u n a t e l y ,a l ldo n o th a v et h es am ep u r p o s e s , a r e a so fi n t e r e s t ,s t y l eo fo p e r a t i o n ,o rs p h e r eo fa c t i v i t y . S u c hv a r i e t y ,w i t hr e s p o n s i b l es t ew a r d s h i pby c o n s c i e n t i o u s t r u s t e e sa n dm a n a g e r s a n dw i t ha p p r o p r i a t es u p e r v i s i o ni n t h ep u b l i ci n t e r e s t ,s e r v e sd o n e e sa n ds o c i e t ya sw e l l . 3 . C o n s t r a i n t sa n dr e g u l a t i o n ,w h e t h e rb yg o v e r nm e n t a le d i c t o rs e l f im p o s e db yt h ef i e l d ,s h o u l db ek e p tt oa m in imum . A g a i n a s s um i n gr e s p o n s i b l es t ew a r d s h i pa n da p p r o p r i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n ,p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n ss h o u l dn o tb ef u r t h e r b u r d e n e dw i t hs t i f l i n gr e g u l a t i o n s ,b u r e a u c r a t i cp r o c e d u r e s , u n e n d i n gc a v e a t s, 4. F i n a l l y, v o l u n t a r yg i v i n g-w h e t h e ro ft im eo rt a l e n t o rmon ey a n db yw h a t e v e rm e a n s -i sa f r a g i l ehum an a c t i o n , s u b j e c tt oc a r e f u ln u r t u r i n gb u te a s i l yt u r n e do f f . Th e p e r s o no fm e an s who c omm i t sr e s o u r c e st oa p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o nd o e ss ov o l u n t a r i l y ,i r r e v o c a b l ya n dc om p l e t e l y-100 p e r c e n t ,b e y o n da n yr a t eo ft a x a t i o n . F u r t h e r ,t h o s ef u n d s c a nt h e nb ee x p e n d e do n l yi na c c o r d a n c ew i t h t h et a xl aw , �23 under IRS supervision, and only for purposes and to organizations and institutions designated by Congress as being educational, charitable, and in the public interest. To go far beyond this in prescribing issues to be addressed, clientele to be served, procedures and policies will be counter to the interests of a vital private sector. Centralized dictation will serve only to further deplete the philanthropic reservoir. v In 1935, after five experimental years, W. K. Kellogg transferred the bulk of his fortune to irrevocable trusts of which the Kellogg Foundation is still the beneficiary. In a letter to trustees and staff, he reviewed at that time his rationale for the creation of the Foundation which bears his name and concluded with the following observation regardin g the Foundation's activities: "I am g l a d that the educational approach has been emphasized. Relief, raiment, and shelter are necessary for destitute children, but the greatest 'good for the greatest number can come only through the education of the child, the parent, the teacher, the family physician, the dentist, and the community in general. Education offers the greatest opportunity for really improvin g one generation over another." That observation is as valid today as it was four decades ago. The resources of private foundations are small in relation to need. But utilized wisely, they playa distinctive role, often critical �24 and catalytic, in providing for experimentation , redirection, exploration, service .... and thereby contribute to betterment of the human conditions. In concert with higher education, whether private or public, private initiative through philanthropy is vital to further progress in fulfillment of the American dream. Private foundations, once an apparently secure part of philanthropy, are now an endangered species . If they are to be a vital part of private effort in the future as in the past, they must have the un derstandin g, support, and help of others who feel as do we that private v oluntary effort is important . This Annual Assembly is dedicated to the promise of a stronger nation through a dynamic educational s ystem. Private foundations have contributed to your dramatic progress and accomplishments to date. In the continuing spirit of interdependence serving the common good, may we continue these mutually beneficial efforts in the years ahead. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1976-01-14_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The Greatest Opportunity Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 14, 1976 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the opening general session of the Annual Assembly of the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-01-14 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2cd787f3d5fa70f426c45a9e1838e0df.pdf 122867ce3f1995cd5dc99031c7d9759a PDF Text Text .... r-. , .., ,~ - ;""';v,..) ;~I ~ - : · '~~ ----- ·.';·T ' ~' : r:.: --,.- I~ ~ OJ~ d2..bblinc a oig lagiclati V\) fin~or in tho busanoaa of f'aminz. ono nction;U eanor-ollS in nu'~ contc bocka in sixteen !f;o.:;t. ~:rt.al'"tlinz ol.'r::..c:' clly " " ..... . lJ • ..·.. 4 ~ L oolor~JI cost-pl~ of all is tho .fuct cgch would have to bo chm'.-:.ctori~cd pzoductdon contz-acte• . \';ith ouch th~t. 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I f t . i . efm . : :t....ado y ) r i c eo f: ; ) o rk1 · .-m r0 f i f t o e ncont sa pound " ,i'e.wou ld b e I : ' L / ' , i l l oZ u lf o rar~ ns tobuyfro~ ~ far~or o rfo~ U l \1 farm~r t os e l lu tl o s s~~an t h a t p j ,ico "H i ch e rp z i . c e a\ ' lou ldb e condon ed ;o fc o u r s e . 4 I nt. i~ i r .C en io tU J\ ' l ay I ) e a chin c l i . v i d u a lV l o u l db e gu a r a r r t e ada l 'o a son cb lo �~r -. . .v- i i Jpi .,:;-l l ~ th roughGono r a l; fo to r so r " i i o u l dh avo a eUu : c an t c eoannu a l"13( ;0~ c h ann e l ed t..~O h :. c:;;,~ V ; a smn0 ; ;on . I nthi~ e r ao fpro::ross~ th eadv a r r t ag c so fs p e c i u l i z a t i o nc a n n o tbe iz~oroJ. SOmO p~~si~la a '::.4i:..~:r wou ld p rov ido f o rsp ho~ofora, liccnsin~ ~o~ulation m iCh t h av et \ :oO:i.~ ' i : )VO .1t h r o oL i . c enn e s~ ino .d a r tos c r a t chou ta livi~ l~rr';;'o:i.'" \ J .o ciali~ation. p r ov i .dL n g th eY 'c o u l d ~ h av e a fo , th an si o rfo:i.~ a t r u c kf a . . . . m a rt orC i . i s ea coup l eo f 1 . oZ ; ; . ' 10 : : : -f o ra b e e tr a n c h e rt ok e ep a coupL ao fm i .L k cow s . I ft h o s erdnchol~o : . : '< ; .1 ' ; ; : . : ; ; . .i ntnou roa t os iJ ~ y u.c~ s~ocialization ~ • • •• z i i .Lkt ot h or an chfG . ln i l l e s . Th i a wou ld m o an i np ro cu ct d . o nwou ld b e" o e n e f i c i a ltot h ec o r ' ; ; ; 1 , ; ; l 1 i n z �," .~ t . . : . _ . . . .L . . . . i J .' '0 . V 4. . . . . ? boc~oa' ost p~o~~ction cou ldbo~ffor od t oth epub l i ci f ap ~ov~l ... ' ' " . l . cl i t t lodO Jc r u t i o nu ndfo~ ona ~o~~on o r~~th t : . o i : : -::.~": : " ( .0 t h i snev I ri th eJ \FA cou ldh av e l~fu:od p rodu c twh i ch t l . r c a t enodb u t t e rs a l e a . Th i sw o u l . i n av e ~c:o t h ' J s u lQo ru s eo fol~o i l l o g a l e Any rast~urai t s rvin~ 0 1 0 00 : ' ' ' c .nynouoo ..r l f ou si .ngi t 'wou ldh av eb oono u b j e c tt oa r r e s t ,f i n o ,andi i " i l p r i : :wn - r r ; ( ) ; ; t. . Suchr o s t r i c t i o n: n iC h t .h av e 10dt o oot in~, b u tane f f i c i en ' : ,p o l i co ' : :O :CCG c o u l dh avo a l i : a i n a t o dt h i sd i f f i c u l t y . I ; lth oa v en t . th a t .su chco r apu l<lOr y p rov l . si .onfo~ thoSt . .a r np c o u l dn o tbo :cc:;,li~od:.l thoA r lA cou I dco n s i d e r uyin~ upth op a t e n t s andp z -o c e c s c e fo~ no . , . �...., .',..... D,)i'oro any now product or i tom of quit.',) ccnco.i, v,:::::J'2.o that tho tracto:;.... woulo. never have become an approved i Win ;.:; ~ ~ c.:'ii'icc~ to tho b.'ln.Jfi t of cEl:l,·t;::.in e;.:GUps 80 such action would not ba wi th- .. of ....."-" . "'. 1-. .. •, ! ,....• v ~ , J Thio i(J ;~ �..V \. . . . . . -.: \ •• -_ . t J ••' ' ~ """' 4 .:~ a c col l iod a tG ~::' . .. "..,. . " '~ " .""" '. . .. . . . . . . . 1 ." ( J . . )t oprol~to ~ ;::' t : 1 0_L_ ''~, :.\ -:, I _ t ' _ '_a~; l iN j u s t i f ythopo s i J l i ion cucc cc s i , v eb : c a ino to ' : ';J:1 i 'o r ; ; 0 : 1 t 3n ew\ ' [ , .VO ; Jo ff a s c i n a t i n gp o s s i b i l i t i e ; ; ; . . l'~ I t i s oo~~in~ \ , ;ou ld io~ ~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1954_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Higher on the Hog Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given in 1954 to discuss the government's involvement in agricultural programs in the United States. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954-05-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a67fff9eb6afc767bf6fa3104084abd.pdf aa9ff7a9b7649ae6c55a09cff7f6ad57 PDF Text Text - ", THE LAND GRANT RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE NEXT CENTURY Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby, Vice President, W. K. Kellogg Foundation at Agricultural Science Week, University of Missouri February 6, 1970 I. It is a special privilege to be a part of the program of Agricultural Science Week in the Centennial Year of the College of Agriculture. Quite appropriately, this significant anniversary represents an occasion when we should pause to take stock, reflecting on the past and looking to the future . There is indeed much of which we can be proud as we survey the scene in American farming and agriculture today . Among the significant accomplishments are the following : 1. The productivity and efficiency of American farmers. On the average, one person in U.S. agriculture today supplies abundantly the food and fibre needs of 40 persons compared to 26 in 1960 and only 10 persons 30 years ago. 2. The ability of American farmers to apply mushrooming technology to problems of farming. Between 1950 and 1965, output per man hour in agriculture rose nearly three times as fast as in non-farming occupations--132 per cent in agriculture against 47 per cent in the rest of the economy. If we were as far ahead of the Russians in the space race as we are in agriculture, we would be running a shuttle service to the moon. 3. The contribution of agricultural productivity in making it possible for America to have the highest standard of living known to man. Without the immense labor-saving contribution on the part of agriculture--freeing manpower for other productive endeavors-our nation would not enjoy the abundance of goods and services of all kinds which we have . �2 - 4 . Th ev i a b i l i t yo ft h ef am i l yf a rm . Th e fm i l i ly -own edando p e r a t e df a rme n t e r p r i s ec o n t i n u e st o c h a r a c t e r i z et h eAm e r i c an f a rm ings c e n e ,sp ann ingt h ech ang e f romt h es u b s i s t e n c ef a rm ingo fa c e n t u r yago t ot h eh i g h l y comp l ex comm e r c i a lf a rmo p e r a t i o no ft o d a y . ~. Th e sy s t emo fl a n d g r a n tc o l l e g e sandu n i v e r s i t i e s . Th e s ei n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g h e re d u c a t i o n,a p r o d u c to ft h ev i s i o n o fp i o n e e rf a rml e a d e r s ,h av ep rog r am s.o ft e a c h i n g ,r e s e a r c hand e x t e n s i o n . I nt h ee a r l yd e c ad e so ft h e i re x i s t e n c e ,t h el a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n sw e r ep r e o c c u p i e dw i t ha g r i c u l t u r e . A st h e y hw r ec o n t i n u e dt os e r v et h en e ed so ft h ep e o p l eo ft h e i rs t a t e s , how ev e r ,t h e yh av eb e com e comp r eh en s iv eu n i v e r s i t i e so fs c a l e andq u a l i t y . S p e c i f i c a l l y ,t o d a yw em e e t on t h ec ampu so ft h e U n i v e r s i t yo fM i s s o u r i , on eo ft h el e a d i n gl a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n s , w i t hi t sf a c u l t y ,p r o g r am s , andg r a d u a t e sc om p i l i n ga s t a t e ,n a t i o n a l , andi n t e r n a t i o n a lr e p u t a t i o n . S im u l t a n e o u s l y ,a sw er e v i ewt h ep l u ss i d eo ft h el e d g e ro fAm e r i c an a g r i c u l t u r e ,w es h o u l da l s or e c o g n i z esu chc o n c e r n sa s : 1 . Th ep e r s i s t e n tpoo rp r o f i ts i t u a t i o ni nmu ch o fa g r i c u l t u r e ,w i t hf a rm p e o p l eg e n e r a l l yn o ts h a r i n gi nt h ea f f l u e n c eandp r o s p e r i t yo fo u r s o c i e t y . 2 . Th ec o n t i n u i n gO I l ru sh o fn ew t e c h n o l o g y ,n ew c i r c um s t a n c e s ,n ew i n f l u e n c e s , wh i ch i ncomb in a t ionf o r c ec o n t i n u i n gch ang e anda d j u s tm e n ti nt h ef a rm e n t e r p r i s eanda l lo fa g r i c u l t u r e . 3 . Th ef r u s t r a t i o n s ,d e l a y s andf a i l u r e sw ee x p e r i e n c ea sf a rmi n s t i t u t i o n s and o r g a n i z a t i o n sr e s p o n di n a d e q u a t e l yt oc u r r e n tn e ed s and c i r c um s t a n c e s . 4 . The p e r s i s t e n te v i d e n c et h a tr u r a lcommun i t i e s ,o fwh i ch f a rm ingand f a rmf am i l i e sa r ea p a r t ,l a gb e h i n dmu ch o fAm e r i c ai nt h eq u a l i t yo f e conom i c and s o c i a ll i f e . �3 I ti sw i t h su chs u c c e s s e s a n ds h o r t c om i n g s i nm ind t h a tw et u r no u ra t t e n t i o n s t ot h en e x tc e n t u r y . I I . Th e r ew a sa t em p t a t i o n ,i np r e p a r i n gt h e s er em ro 'k s ,t ot u r nt h ec a l e n d a r ah e ada n o t h e r100 y e a r s ,f rom1970 t ot h ey e a r 2070 , and c omm e n tf romt h a t v a n t a g ep o i n t on t h er e s e a r c hand e d u c a t i o n a lf r am ewo rko ft h el a n d g r a n t i n s t i t u t i o n s . ~ It odo s o ,I wou ld t a k et h er o l eo fan a r c h a e o l o g i s t , pok ing among t h er u i n st odo cum en tt h em ann e r i nwh i ch and f o rwh a tr e a s o n s t h ec o l l e g e so fa g r i c u l t u r ep a s s e di n t oo b l i v i o nm idw ay t h r o u g ht h e i rs e cond c e n t u r y . Th ep o s s i b i l i t yt h a tsu chwou ld b e an a c c u r a t ep r o j e c t i o no ft h e s i t u a t i o na c e n t u r yh en c ei sa s o b e r i n gi d e a ,b u t on ef o rwh i ch I b e l i e v e ac o n v i n c i n gc a s ec o u l db eb u i l t . T h i s" p r o j e c t i o no fo n e ' ss e l fi n t ot h ef u t u r e "i sa f a s c i n a t i n gt e c h n i q u e andw a s emp loy ed e f f e c t i v e l yby T r i s t r am B e r e s f o r d . anE n g l i s hf a rm e rw h oi n p r e p a r i n ga p a p e ra f ewy e a r s ago l o o k e dah e ad o n l y6 0y e a r st ot h ey e a r 2015 i nd e s c r i b i n gt h et r a n s f o rm a t i o no fB r i t i s ha g r i c u l t u r e . O fd a i r y i n g , f o rex amp l e ,h es a i d : "Nowh e r ed i dt h ecomp l ex o fs o c i a land e conom i cf o r c e sb e a rmo r e s e v e r e l yt h a non t h ed a i r y i n gi n d u s t r y . T h ec r i t i c a lf a c t o rh e r e w a s t h ep u r e l yhum an n e ed t ok e ep u pw i t ht h eJ o n e s e s . F ew e r and f ew e rw an t ed t om i l k cow ss ev end ay s aw e ek i nanag eo fi n c r e a s i n g l e i s u r e .F am i ly f a rm e r sw e r ep r e p a r e dt o ,f o rs u b j e c t i v er e a s o n s , b u to n l y sol o n ga sl i f eand s t r e n g t hl a s t e d .T h e i rc h i l d r e nc e r t a i n l yw e r en o t , andt h ef l i g h tf romt h ev a l l e y so fW a l e s w a s r e s p o n s i b l ef o ra c r o po fa g r i c u l t u r a le conom i s t swh i ch w a s q u i t e af e a t u r eo ft h e' 5 0 sand ' 60 s . I ts e em st h a tt h eg i r l sw e r et h e f i r s tt ol e a v ehom e . Th e boy sn o tu n n a t u r a l l yf o l l ow e d . T h eo l d p e o p l er em a in edb e h i n d . T h en e x tg e n e r a t i o nw e r eg l a dt os e l l t h ef am i l yf a rmwh en i nc o u r s eo ft im ei t c am et oth em . Tho s e who w e r el e f ton t h eh o l d i n g sf a i l e dt of i n dw iv e s andt h er a c e o fdom e s t i cm i l kp r o d u c e r s dw ind l ed . �·-4"At the other end of the scale the big operators were fighting a losing battle with costs. Cows refused to be milked by remote control even when sYmmetrical Jersey udders had been bred on to Friesian stock . The idea of milking the cows without hired labour was unthinkable. A few tried and found that it did not agree with them.. The shortage of skilled milkers , like the shortage of outdoor shepherds, became acute. Milking contractors flourished for a time and the beef outlet kept things going , but in the end it was discovered that there were economic advantages in the feed-lot on one side and the cattle ranch on the other. So dairying succumbed to the Plant Milk Industry, which converts grass more efficiently than the cow, and whose production schedule can be geared to the four-day week. The switch was gradual, and there is little evidence that the public objected to the change from the biological to the bacteriologically purer industrial substitute. After all , by that time , our diet consisted of standard food products, a nd many young people disliked the idea as well as the taste of cow's milk . It had ceased to be natural to drink i t." III I am grateful indeed to Dean Kiehl for the invitation to be with you today and also for two specific aspects of the assignment he has given me. he has asked me to look ahead a century, not just 10 or 20 years. First, The longer time span with which I can d ea.l, the less I must be concerned with accountability. Even Professors with tenure cannot hope to be here a century hence to measure my remarks today against reality then. Second, the assigned topi c refers not just to the College of Agriculture but rather to the total landgrant research and educational framework. Therefore, in my remarks I will not deal with such issues as the semantics of college or departmental titles; the intricacies of organizational char t s; and the troublesome details of professionalism, provincialism, and protectionism which tend to be among the Ln- -houae problems of higher education. Rather, I propose to look at the �- 5issues, the problems, the concerns of farming and of farm people, of rural America, of our total society and comment on what I hope, as one who is a part of and concerned with this milieu, will b e the response of our land-grant institutions _ IV. The land-grant system is perhaps our country's only original contribution to higher education. For perspective in looking ahead, it is useful to turn back to the period in history a century ago when this innovative system was conceived. The land·-grant idea first became visible in the decade of the 1850s and resulted in the passage of the Morrill Act in 1862 , The establishment of this new system of colleges grew out of a concern f or farming and farm people and the desire to make t h e advantages of higher education available to the sons and daughters of farmers and the working classes . Until then, the advantages of higher education had been generally restricted to the children of do ctors, lawyers, theologians, and the wealthy few. It was also envisioned by the proponents of the land-grant idea that the common good could be served by instituti ons of higher education which directed their attention to the problems of earning a living as well as living a life. As these fledgling colleges began to develop teaching curricula in agriculture, it soon became apparent that kn owledge resources were inadequate:, �- 6that there were many questions to which answers were not know. This led, a quarter of a century later, to the establishment of the network of agricultural experiment stations as a part of the land-grant system, through passage of the Hatch Act in 1887, As the programs of the Land-vgr-arrt colleges of agriculture continued to develop, the leaders of these institutions began to realize that a concern with farm productivity was in itself not enough and that there must also be a concern with the quality of life available to the farm family. This concern evolved into the development of curricula in home economics, with the first such formal program established about 1898. As the calendar turned from the 19th to the 20th century, a combination of concerns on the part of agricultural leaders led to other significant developments which changed the complexion of the land-grant colleges First, many were deeply concerned that the benefits of the knowledge resources of the colleges were available only to those who could come to the campus, usually as students in residence. Recognizing that basic knowledge of agricultural science and the new information and techniques continually emanating from on-vgoLng research would be useful to practicing farmers. concerned agricultural professors began to go to the field to meet with farm groups throughout the state. This informal pattern represented the rudimentary stages of the extension idea. Simultaneously, there was a concern on the part of many in agricultural education that the traditional schooling of the rural one·-room school was not preparing youngsters for �-1the kinds of lives they would lead. Therefore, agricultural educ ators worked with rural s chool t eachers in developing the practical concept of Boys a nd Gi r l s Cl ub work, whi ch has evolv ed now into the hi ghly s ophisticated , informal educat ional program we call 4-H . Finally, a s college s b ecame i ncreasingly c onc er ned wi t h the total wellb eing of rural people and communi ti es , not just with the improved production of c r op s a nd livest ock, t he s tructure of the c ol lege s of agr icultu re wer e changed t o refle ct t hi s conc e r n. The development of curricula a nd f a culty specialization in such fields as rural education and rural s ociology are tangible mani fe st a t i ons of this broadened commitm ent. Finally, in 1914, the Smith-Lever Act f ormalized t h e system of informal, off ·-c ampu s educ at i on whi ch we now know a s the Cooperative Ext en s ion Serv ice, ma ki ng the res ourc e s of t he campus available to al l pe ople t hrougho ut t he state. These signi fic a nt dev elopments i n t he l a nd- gr ant syst em, i nnovati ons of t h e high e st or d e r a nd of t he gr ea t est s oc i a l a nd e con ornic signific anc e, were a produc t of farm l eader sh ip and r ep r es ented a concer n not onl y fo r i mpr oved f a r m production and management but a comprehen sive conc ern f or the f armer, his family, and his c ornrnunity as well, v. Change has c e r t a i nl y been a charact eristic of this past century. While we have been impressed with the dr amatic changes of the re cent past, all evid enc e �- 8would suggest that the na tur e and magni tude of change in the years ahead will far over s hadow tho s e t o dat e . An Americ an Pre sident onc e sai d-- "Th e d ogma s of the quiet past are inadequat e t o the stor my pr es ent. , ,As our case is new, s o must we t hi nk anew and act anew ." That President wa s Abr-aham Lincoln, speaking in 1 862 . the y e ar in which the Land-igr-arrt sy st em was e s t.ab l ishe d . Since Gov ernor McClur g s igne d t he legis l ation which est abl ish ed this Col l eg e of Agri culture, there have indeed been many change s" Among t hem we might not e t he fo l lowing: 1. Ou rs was then an agrar ian soc iet y , just on t he thr e shold of the pr oc e s s of industrialization-urbanization whi ch has so ma rkedly changed th e status of ag r icul t u re i n the soc i.o -v e c onomi.c complex. 2. Wherea s a century ago , the Col lege of Agriculture in most land-grant i ns tit utions was a dominant ac a demic un it , today the Col l eg e of Agr icul t ure is usually onl y a mode st part of a comprehe n s i v e , s ophisticated, l arge·sc al e inst i tut ion of higher education. Too oft en it would a lso s e em to b e a r ather insular s egment of th e univ er sity, not int egrally r elat ed to t he larger academi c and s c i entific c ommuni t y . 3. One hundr ed y ears ago , we were just l aunching i nto a cent ur y of t e chnological d evelopment which has pr oduced t he highest standard of livlng in th e hi s tory of man. Now, however , our soc i ety seems t o b e turn i ng f r om this hist oric preoccupation with the standard of living and is ev i denc i ng an increa sing conc e rn fo r the quality of life (not jus t t he qua ntity ) av a i lab le to each individu al. �9 ' " 4 . As agri c u l t u ra ls c i e n c e has p r og res s ed , th ereh a sb e en a co n tinu in g p r o c e s so ff r a gm en ta t i on and sp e c i a liz a t i o n-int h es t r uc tU l ' eo fc o l l e g e s and d e p a r t m e n t s , i nt h ef a b ri co fr e s e a r c h ,i nt h ei n d u s t r yo ff a rm ing" h em a ze o ff a rmo r g a niz a t i ons and i n st i t u t i on s wh i ch s e r v e ag ricu lint t .u r e . Ac e n t u r yago, o u r fa c u l t i e si n c l u dedP ro fe s so r so f A g r ic u l t u r e r i ed t odea lw i t h th eb r o a d e s t dim en s io no f ag ri c u l t u r a l co n c er n s, wh ot Now , how eve r ,as w ep u r s u e ex cel l e nce t h r o ug hi n c r e a s e dsp ec i a l i za t i o n , w e mu s t a s ko u r se l v e s , "w h olooks a tt h ew ho l e? " T h ec l i ch e. . ." F 'a rm e r s h a v ep robl em s, co l l e g e sh ave d ep a r tm en ts"... is n o tw it h o u tsubs t a n c e. VI . Tu rn ing nowt ot h ef u t u r e ,l e tus use t h r e ed i f f e r e n tr e f e r e n ce po i n t s an d commen ting on t h eres e a r c h andedu c a ti o n a lfr am e w or ko fl a n d· g r a n t i n s t i t u t i o n si nre l at i onto ag ri c u l t u r e , F i r st ,a p r i o r i t ycon ce rn mu s tc on tin u et ob ew it hc omme rc ia l agri c u ltu re . Y ou c a n do cum en tb e t te rt h a nI t h es t a rtlingch a ng e s wh i ch hav et a k en p l a c e i ncomm e r ci a la g r i c u l t u r ei nt h elas td e c ad e. P ro ject i o ns fo r th e fu t ur e mu s t be b a s e d on t h ea s sump t i onth a tt h ech a ng e so f th en e x tt e nyea rs w i l lc au se t h ep as td e cade t oapp e a r tranqu il inre t r o s p e c t . I nloo k i n g ah eadw e mu s t re m ind ou rse lv e sa ls otha tn ear l ya l lp a s tp re d i c t i on so f t h efu tu r ehav e beenw rong onth ec on se r v a t i v es i d e . I nlo o k i n gt othe f u tu r e , hop e f u l l yth e fo ll o w ing Obs e r v a t i o n sw i l lb ep e r t i n e n tandu s efu l. 1 . T he f a n t a s t i cra te o ft e c h no l og i c a ld e v e l opm e n t i sf a s tcon sum ing t h e p r es e n ts t o ck o f bas ic s c i en t i f i c know ledge . I ngene ra l,th ed eve lop · · n t a l re sea rch s t r u c t u r ei nag ri c u l tu r es e e m s ov er b a lan c e di nth e me �1 0 - d ir e c t i o no f appli e dre s ea r ch . Fo rt h elo ngrun vi t a lity o f appli e d ag r i c u l t u r a lre sea r c h ,t h ei n ve s t me n ti nso -c a ll e db a s i co rp u re rese a r ch by u n i v e r s i ti e sneed st ob ee xpanded . 2. S u chres e a r c hs h o u l db ea ppr o ached\ i i t hloo s e l ys t r u c t u r e di n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r yt e am s ,fr o mt h r o ughou tt h eu n i v e rs i t y ,r emov ingthe c on s tra i n ingin f l u e nce o ft h espe c i a l i z e dc omm o di t y an dd isci p lin ep a t t e r n a r a c t e ri z e smo s t ag ricu ltu ra lrese a r c ht o d a y . I tha sb e e no b w h ich ch s e r v edth a tth em o s t impo rt a n tor g an i z a t i o n a l fac tl e a r n e di na p p l ied p h y s i c s and c h em i s t r yr e s e a r ch d u r i n g anda f t e r H o rl d"T a rI Icon ce r nedt h e gr e a ta d d i t i o nt or e s ea r c hp r o d u c t i v i t yt h a ta cc r u e si nl a r g er e s e a r ch gr o ups o f al o o s e k n i ti n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r yn a t u re con t a i n i n gt h ecom p l e t e sp ec t rumfrompu r es c i e n tis t, t h r o u gh m a them a t i c i a n s and s t a t i st i c i an s . to ap p l i edre s e a r c h e r s . T o oo f t e n ag r i c u l t u r a lr e s e a r c h e r sh av e becom e o l a t e dfrom t h e i rb a s i cs c i ent i f i cd i s c i p l i n e s anda r e no ti nt o u ch is ho th e rd i s c i p l i n e sr e l a t e dt ot h ep r o b l ema t hand . w it P erh apsthe g r a v e s t con ce rn o ft h en e a rf u t u r ew ill b et h eprob l emo f a t t r a ct i n gto a g r i c u l t u r et h eb ri g h te s ty oun gm ind si nt h e re leva n t sc ien c e s. i c u l t u r ef o rv a r i o u sr e a son s ha sl o s tm u c h o fit sa ttra c tiv en e ss f o r A gr young s c h o l a r sandt h eo p p o r t u n i t yt oc o n t i n u etob eap a r to fth eirb a s i c di s c ip line w i l lb ee s s e n t i a li na ttrac tin g su chp r om i s ing i n d i v i d u a l st o add ress t h e i rp a r t i c u l a ra t t e n t i o nt oag r i c u l t u r e . 3 . I na p p l i e dr e s e a r c h ,c o n s i d e r a t i o ns h o u l db eg iventot h em iss i o n con c ep to r sy s t em sapp ro ach . Th ei s o l a t ed,f r a gm en tedr e s ea r c h tione f f o r t so ft h et y p i ca lp r o je c tp a t t e rn ar ei n a deq ua t e applica �1 1 - and inapp rop r i a t et omode r n pr o bl em s. A sas im p l eex amp l e, w ec ou ld rthec h a l l e n g eo fu t i l i za t i o no f compu t e rt e c h n o l og yi nfa rm ing . con side Ie ha v em a ny d i v e r s ee f f o r t st od o so , th roughsu chpr o j e c ts as f a r m en t rec o r d so m an ag em HIA ,A I, and so il t e s t in g. u ta l l su ch e f f o r t s tendto bes e p a r at eand u n re l a t ed , ig n o r i n gt h e pr a c tic a ln e ed so f e fa rm e rand f a i l i n gtofu lf ill t h ep ot e n tia l rep r esen te d by c om p u t e r th c ap a ci t y . . ew l i n k ages mu s t b ef o r g e db etw e enu n i v e r s i t yr e s e a r c he r s andth e ag r i c u l t u r a li n d u s t r y-f a rm in g andtho sei n d u s t r i e swh i ch se r v ef a rm ingandwh ichmov e f a rmp roduc t stoconsum p tion . u c ho fth e applica tion -- and a p p l i e dre sea r c h -w i l l m o reap p rop r i a te l yb e don e on t h ef a rman d y ,r a th er t h an i nt h ere l a ti v e l ys t e r i l e and s ta ti cs e tti n g inindus tr o fth eu n i v e r s ity . . e sou rc es f romthet o t a lun i ve r s i t ym u s tb em o b i l izedt ode a l w i t hp ro -b lem so f ag ri c u l tu re f o rwh i ch t h eo ll e g eo fA g r i c u l t u re a sg en era lly con ce i v edo rs t r u c t u r e di sno t-andp r o b a b l ys h o u l dn o t be -p r e p a r e d tocope , A s ex amp les o fsu c hp rob l em s, w em i g h tc o n s i d e rt h efo ll o w ing a. F a rm abo r-I n a d e q u a t ea t t e n t i o ni sbe i n gg i v ent ot h ech ang ing n a t u r eo ft h ela b o ri n p u ti nfa rm in g. F a rm e r s andf a rml e a d e r sa r e be i n g com pe l l edtot a k ea w h o l en ewloo ka tf a rmlab o r ,d e p a r t i n g fr o mt h e" f am i ly f a rm "no t i o no ft h ep a s tw h e nland ,l a b o r ,c a p i t a l and m anage m en tw e r ev e s t e di non ep e r s o no r fam ily. Tod ay ,f a rm ing is beco m ing a p a r to fou ri n d u s t r i a l i z e ds o c i e t yi nwh i ch t h ep a t t e r n o f fa rm mu s t b e cons is ten tw i t ht h ef r am ewo rk o fr u le se s t a b - l i sh edbyth ei n d u s t r i a lwo r kf o r c e . and -g r an ti n s t i t u t i on ss h o u l d p rov id e coun s el and lead e r s h i pi nth i str a n s it i o n . �-12 b . F i s c a lM an ag em en t . -T h ecomm e r c i a lf a rmo p e r a t i o no ft h en e a r f u t u r e (1980 )w i l lb e a $500 ,000 ·$1 ,000 ,000e n t e r p r i s e . S o p h i s t i c a t e df i s c a landt a xm an ag em en t w i l lb ee s s e n t i a lt oa p r o f i t a b l e o p e r a t i o n . I nm any o p e r a t i o n s ev ent o d a y ,t h ew i s ec o u n s e lo fa t a xa c c o u n t a n to ra t t o r n e ym a yb emo r e c r i t i c a lt ot h ep r o f i t l o s ss t a t em e n tt h a na ch ang ei np r o d u c t i o nt e c h n o l o g y . c . L aw- Th el e g a ls t r u c t u r eo ft h ef a rme n t e r p r i s emu s tb ec o n s i s t e n t w i t h mod e rn b u s i n e s s andl e g a lp r a c t i c e . P a t t e r n so fown e r sh ip and t r a n s f e rmu s tb eu p d a t e d ,w i t hc a r e f u lc o n s i d e r a t i o no fq u e s t i o n s su cha st h ea d v a n t a g e s and sho r t com ing so ff am i l yc o r p o r a t i o n s . An ew d im en s ion j u s tem e rg ingi sa l s ot h ep r o s p e c to fb a r g a i n i n g i nf a rmm a r k e t i n g . d . I n s t i t u t i o n a lP rob l em s- M a n yo r g a n i z a t i o n s and i n s t i t u t i o n swh i ch s e r v ea g r i c u l t u r e ,f romt h eg e n e r a lf a rmo r g a n i z a t i o nt ot h em u l t i p l i c i t yo fc omm o d i t y r e l a t e dg r o u p s , a r el e s st h a nf u l l ye f f e c t i v e . Som e a r eev en d i s f u n c t i o n a l . T h ef o l l ow i n gq u o t a t i o n sc om ef roma r e c e n ti s s u eo ft h eM i ch ig an F a rm e r : ". . . . . m any a g r i c u l t u r a lo r g a n i z a t i o n sa r ei ns a dsh ap e, h a v i n gf a i l e dt ok e ep u pw i t hs o c i a lch ang e . T h i sd e c l i n e b eg an abou t 1925 . P r i o rt ot h a t ,a g r i c u l t u r a lo r g a n i z a t i o n h ad b e en soe f f e c t i v ei t h ad b e en a mod e l f o ro t h e r s t h eUSDA , t h eA g r i c u l t u r a l Exp e r im en tS t a t i o n , andt h el a n dg r a n tc o l l e g e s f o rr e s e a r c h ;t h eE x t e n s i o nS e r v i c ef o re d u c a t i o n ; andf a rm e r s i n n o v a t i n gandu s i n gn ew i n f o rm a t i o nq u i c k l y . "Th enc am e am a jo r r e v o l u t i o ni ns o c i e t y . Th ec e n t u r yo f t e c h n o l o g i c a ld ev e lopm en tb eg an t og i v ew a yt ot h ee r ao f hum an d ev e lopm en t ando fe f f e c t i v em anpow e ru s e . A g r i c u l t u r e h a sc o n t i n u e dt op rodu c ep e rm a n e n t l yd am ag ed p e o p l e f i l l i n g c i t yw e l f a r er o l l sw i t he x f a rm e r sandf a rml a b o r e r s . �-1 3-"Agri cultur e has been on th e wr on g side in the revolution, and h as emerged wi th a s orry image. Agriculture must, con-· sequently, update its or g an iz at i ons and its image) so that farmers be come--and l ook-- s ocially responsible and useful." The social sci enc e s--sociology, poli t ical science, psychology -- have much to offer in relat io n t o such p rob lems if mobilized. 6. Unlversity e ducat iun i n ag r iculture should be an integral part of the t otal unive rsit y, not i ns ul ar) p rovi nc ial , pedant ic as i s too often now the case . Sir Eri c Ashby sugg e st s that t e chnology its elf sho u ld be the philos ophi cal and orga nizat i onal center of al l university education . He ar gues pe rsuas i vel y that the gr e at chasm now dividing edu cated men .. .. the gul f betwee n s cienc e and the huma ni ti e s . ... is art i f ic ial a nd can be eliminat ed f rom edu cat ion by organi zi ng curriculum and ph i losophy ar ou nd technology. Command ov er s ome tech no l ogy is necessary f or an lndividual to survive in mod e r n s oci ety and Ashby argues that it combine s the concerns and approa ches of b oth sc ienc e and the humanities. In Technology and the Academics, he says : "Technology is ins eparable fr om men and communities . In this respect technology differs f rom pure s cience . It is the essence of the scientific method that the human element must be eliminated . Sc i e nce does not dispense with values but it does eliminate the variability of human response to values . .. It describ es, measures , and classifies in such a way that variation due to human judgment is eliminat ed. Unlike sci enc e, t echnology concerns the appli cation of science to the needs of man a nd society . Therefore t echnology is inseparable f rom human ism . The technologist is up to his neck in human problems whether he likes it or not • . . The social cons equence s of his work are therefore an integral part of his profession . " This conc eptual app roach h as signi f i c anc e f or agriculture. As s t ude nt s deman d releva nc e i n t he un i v er s i t y, ag r icultur e -- with a soli d re c ord �-1o fa ch i ev em en t and e x p e r i e n c eo n wh i ch t ob u i l d-c o u l db eo u t f r o n ti f i t w i l ld e a lw i t hp rob l em so fb r o a ds i g n i f i c a n c esu cha s foods u p p l yandhum an n u t r i t i o n u a l i t yi nh um a nl i f e-r u r a land u r b a n andt h ee n v i r o nm e n t . 7. Th e gen ius o ft h eE x t e n s i o ni d e ai sa sv a l i dt o d a ya sw h e n f i r s tc o n c e i v ed, n f o r t u n a t e l y ,b u r e a u c r a t i ct e n d e n c i e s ,i n s t i t u t i o n a ln e r tis and i n t e r n e c i n epow e rs t r u g g l e sh av eb l u n t e dt h ea b i l i t yo ft h eE x t e n s i o n sy s t emt or e s p o n dt och ang e and a c commod a t et h en ew c i r c um s t a n c e s . To a s i g n i f i c a n td e g r e e , i s s o u r i s e em st ob e an e x c e p t i o nt ot h i s g e n e r a lc a s e . e s p i t ed i f f i c u l t i e s ,E x t e n s i o ni swo rk ing o u ti t s p rob l em sw i t hp e r s i s t e n c eando f t e ng rea ts k i l l . Wh e r e a s E x t e n s i o nr e p r e s e n t sa v i a b l em e ch an i sm f o re d u c a t i o nw i t h c e r t a i nc l i e n t e : eg r o u p s ,a p p r o a c h e st ov a r i o u sa u d i e n c e sn e ed t ob e r e f i n e d . s an ex amp l e ,t h e n i v e r s i t y mu s t c o n c e r ni t s e l f w i t ht h e c o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nn e ed so fp r o f e s s i o n a l si na g r i c u l t u r e . W e , i n a g r i c u l t u r e ,w e r e on c eo u tf r o n ti nt h i sr e s p e c tn ow a g r i c u l t u r eh a s b e enby-p a s s edby o t h e rp r o f e s s i o n a lf i e l d si nk e e p i n gi t sp r o f e s s i o n a l s i n t e l l e c t u a l l yu p d a t e d . ov ing f romcomm e r c i a la g r i c u l t u r e ,t h en e x tp o i n to fr e f e r e n c ec o n c e r n s u r a l m e r i c a . Th ee v i d e n c eo ft h eu r a l a gi n m e r i ca i ssoc o n v i n c i n g , andh a sb e en somu ch comm en t ed o n .t h a tI ' l l n o td e t a i lt h es i t u a t i o nh e r e . ond emn ing e v i d e n c edo cum en t sd e f i c i e n c i e si nin com ep u b l i cs e r v i c e s ,i n c l u d i n ge d u c a t i o n ,h e a l t h ,w e l f a r e ,p r o t e c t i o n h o u s i n g and c u l t u r a loppo rt u n i t i e s . Ou r l a n d g r a n tu n i v e r s i t i e s , how ev e r ,h av eg e n e r a l l yn o tr e spond ed �-15·· this evidence, certainly not to the extent they have mobilized to deal wi.t.h the urban crisis. In fact, eyen universities in rural states with a tradition of agricultural and rural commitment, seem preoccupied with the urban and usually confine their rural orientation essentially to the technology of farm production. in the apparent naive belief that more bushels per acre will bring the millenium. If the needs of rural haerica are to be served by the University, the total university must be involved- -for the expertise of the entire institution is required. But the leadership must come from somewhere·--and where more appropriately than from those in agriculture , if such leaders can recapture the humanistic character of their forebears. Our final reference point is that of Total Society. I recognize that it is arbitrary to categorize our deliberations in this way since all of these concerns are inextricably interrelated. Such focus seems appropriate, however, in light of the mentality with which we usually approach our challenges in agriculture. The stance from the vantage point of total society quickly suggests two issues of broad concern to all mankind which bear centrally on our more limited focus today. concern with food supply. First is our international In the past--and currently--food for people has tended to be correlated with agricultural production. Depending on the posture agriculture takes in responding to food needs, current and future, this mayor may not be true in the years ahead. California Institute of Technology has observed: A biochemist at the �-16"He have the tools and the technology to feed everyone in the world with our present resources. And yet it has been estimated that 80 percent of the world population normally suffers from undernutrition or malnutrition. "One hears any number of explanations for this ironic sit.uat.Lon-c-one of the larger obstacles is the simple fact that we still think of food in terms of the nineteenth century. "As long as we persist in thinking of food in terms of bushels of wheat, we will never have enough to go around. As soon as we learn to consider food as a conveyor of essential nutrients--and look for the cheapest and best way to get these nutrients··-we will find we have enough for all." Only if we in agriculture demonstrate real concern with the end objective-adequate food supplies to meet human nutritional needs--rather than a provincial, self-centered concern for the means to that end through agriculture, will we deserve and earn the responsibility for leadership in relation to this challenge. A second compelling concern of mankind today is with the quality of our environment. In his book "Not So Rich as You Think" George Stewart obs erves: "',.lhen some future hist orian sits down to summarize what the present generation of Americans has accomplished, his climactic sentence could read: 'Of the waters , they made a cesspool; of the air, a depository of poisons, and of the good earth itself, a dump... ," From the editorial in the December 19 , 1969 issue of Science, we read; " ... turning agriculture graduates loose on the world without sensitizing them to the larger environmental problems or to the serious flaws in many narrowly specialized strategies for maximizing food yields and profits must end." Agriculture, for various reasons - - some self-precipitated -- is identified as a villain in the war on pollution ..•• ironic,but t rue . Building on historic base of bridging from the academic to the real world, from the fundamental to �-1t h ea p p l i e d ,m o b i l i z i n gt h eknow l edg er e s o u r c e so ft h eu n i v e r s i t yand t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s so ft h eE x t e n s i o ns y stem ,a g r i c u l t u r ec anb ei nt h ef o r e f r o n t i na d d r e s s i n gs o c i e t i e sc o n c e r nf o re n v i r o nm e n t a lq u a l i t y ,i f w ew i l l . I I . I nc l o s i n g ,I wou ld s h a r ew i t h you a t h o u g h tf rom ohn a rdn e r . book "S e l f en ew a l , "M r . I nh i s a rdn e ro b s e r v e s : " h eno r g a n i z a t i o n s and s o c i e t i e sa r eyoung,t h e ya r ef l e x i b l e ,f l u i d " n o ty e tp a r a l y z e dby r i g i ds p e c i a l i z a t i o nandw i l l i n gt ot r ya n y t h i n g on c e . A st h eo r g a n i z a t i o no rs o c i e t yag e s, v i t a l i t yd im i n i s h e s ,f l e x i b i l i t yg i v e sw ay t or i g i d i t y ,c r e a t i v i t yf a d e sandt h e r ei sl o s so f c a p a c i t yt om e e t c h a l l e n g e sf romu n e x p e c t e dd i r e c t i o n s . " A si n d i v i d u a l s ,a s a st h o s er e s p o n s i b l ef o ri n s t i t u t i o n s wh i ch s e r v et h i n g sf a rm ,a g r i c u l t u r a l ,r u r a l ,w e mu s t r e d e d i c a t eo u r s e l v e s t ot h ec o n t i n u i n gp r o c e s so fs e l fr e n ew a l ,r e s p o n s i v e n e s st ot o d a yand tomo r row ,l e s t ,by t h ey e a r 20 0. . . . ac e n t u r yh en c e. . . . su chi n s t i t u t i o n s a s o l l e g e so fA g r i c u l t u r eb er e l e g a t e dt ot h es h e l v e so fh i s t o r y ,j o i n i n g t h e r esu cho t h e rr e l i c so ft h ea g r i c u l t u r a lp a s ta st h ew h i p p l e t r e e ,d r a f t h o r s e s ,t r i c y c l et r a c t o r s ,w i n dm i l l s,DDT,P lymou th o ck c h i c k e n s. .. and t h ed a i r ycow . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1970-02-06_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The Land Grant Research and Educational Framework of the Next Century Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 6, 1970 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation during Agricultural Science Week at the University of Missouri. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-02-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d97bf9a5c2d3da0ec101d85c2188f83d.pdf b53e0bce9339264ea3675a14bf1aadaf PDF Text Text .. " The Privilege of Stewardship Russell G. Mawby Chairman and Chief Executive Officer W.K. Kellogg Foundation Battle Creek, Michigan Remarks made before the Economic Club ofDetroit February 27,1995 �I am delighted to be with you today. I regard it as an honor and a privilege to be able to visit with you, and I thank you for the invitation and this opportunity to be together. When Jerry Warren asked if I would address the Economic Club of Detroit, I wondered: What could a former fruit farmer from outside ofGrand Rapids have to say to such a distinguished group of people as are gathered here? It's good to be with a lot of old friends and relationships developed through the years, and to make a lot of new acquaintances because of our common interests, our common concerns, our common objectives. I wanted to visit with you about some very important issues affecting all of us here individually and collectively, no matter what role you play. All of us know that there are three major sectors of American society. There is the for-profit sector. There's the public or governmental sector. And there is the nonprofit sector, or what some people like to call the third sector. We all are interrelated. The for-profit sector is the engine, if you will. It 's business and industry, it's the economic force, it's the creator of wealth, it's the generator of it all. And when the for-profit sector does well, the other two sectors do well, too. And when the for-profit sector does poorly, the other two sectors are stressed and constrained. So business and industry is a very important sector that we all need to recognize and appreciate in American Society. The second, of course, is government - RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit the public sector. �Agencies are represented here, and they play important roles for government that are supported by tax revenue. There are very important roles for government to play at all levels to serve the needs of society in appropriate ways. The third, of course, is nonprofit sector, sometimes described as the third sector. It is so multifaceted, so diverse. Some call it the independent sector. It may be independent, but it also is very interrelated to the other two. We know the importance of the organizations, the institutions, the agencies, and the programs that are implied in this important part of society. All you have to do is look around your community, in Detroit, in Wayne County. Throughout Michigan. Most of the quality of life, in fact, is a contribution of the nonprofit sector. Yes, it's important that we have the services-of government. And then it's important that we have responsive and socially responsible business and industry and jobs. But as we think about life as it is lived every day, we think about church, about human services, the recreational opportunities for youth, programs for ' individuals who are troubled, who are in real need, and think about the cultural richness of the community. All of those are contributions of the nonprofit sector, of the various organizations which comprise this important third sector, if you please, of the American way of life. We immediately see that they are all interrelated and they are all interdependent. RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 2 �Most nonprofit organizations get funds from the for-profit sector either directly or through salaries that you and I earn, and then contribute. We get resources for most of our nonprofit organizations and their programs from the public sector. So there is a great interrelationship in many organizations of a combination of public and private resources. Then, of course, there is the contribution of time and talent, not to be underestimated and somehow priceless because much of the caring and much of the compassion of the nonprofit sector is provided by volunteers. People who care enough that they give and give selflessly of themselves in a variety of ways. We've got all of these areas coming together to serve people in their respective and very special ways. So, I am just going to share some thoughts, briefly, as Russ Mawby, about the awesome responsibilities, and the challenges, facing our areas. One of those great responsibilities is what I like to call "The Privilege of Stewardship." More than anyone else, you recognize the demanding responsibilities and challenges of determining how best to invest your limited resources to meet the needs of people, communities, and institutions that serve them. I believe that all of us are "stewards." Stewards of the mission, philosophy, approaches, and resources we have been entrusted and allowed to guide. It does not matter who we are, or where we live or work. RGM Speech /Econom ic Club of Detroit 3 �To my mind, stewardship encompasses many things. It is having an integrity to the vision of the person who made it all possible. It is a matter of trust and wisdom. And it is a relationship, whereby we are charged with the wise and beneficial placement of a portion of the assets and resources with which we have been entrusted, so that they maximize public benefit today, and ensure the survival and growth of those assets in order to meet the public needs of future generations. For me , as chief executive office of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, it indeed has been the greatest privilege to join in the stewardship of the vision and the legacy of the person who made it all possible. Will Keith Kellogg was an ingenious, hard-working entrepreneur. A social innovator. An internationalist. A visionary. Above all, he was a good steward. Mr. Kellogg was one of this century's great movers of ideas and shakers of tradition. He cared about people, both at the cereal company he started in 1906, and the Foundation he established in 1930 . Few would argue over his business abilities. But with both his Company and his Foundation, Mr. Kellogg was willing to take risks. To many of his peers, Mr. Kellogg may have seemed a paradoxseemingly stingy to family and close friends, yet generous to others less fortunate. As his wealth grew from the cereal company, Mr. Kellogg realized years later what his efforts had brought him: "It is my hope that the property that RGM SpeechlE conom ic Club of Detroit 4 �kind Providence has brought me may by helpful to many others, and that I may be found a faithful steward." This led to the creation of his Foundation. To say that Mr. Kellogg, his life's achievements, and his legacy are farreaching would be to understate the impact that this one man has had. He was deeply concerned about the welfare and well-being of all youth. In fact, the Foundation was started as the W.K. Kellogg Child Welfare Foundation, and shortly thereafter renamed the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Its initial focus was launching the Michigan Community Health Project. This was a pioneering effort in seven southwest Michigan communities to demonstrate that the family's health, educational opportunities, and general standard of living could be enhanced through public health services, childhood medical screening and care. In addition, programs were started to strengthen school leadership, expand library services, and assist in general community development. Importantly, one of the major outcomes of this initiative was the formation of the first rural consolidated high schools in the country. In later years, as we moved from operating a program to making grants, the Kellogg Foundation expanded its horizons globally, much as Mr. Kellogg had done with his cereal company. In the 1940s, the Kellogg Foundation began supporting community development efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean. After World War II, we contributed to efforts in different areas of Europe, Canada, and RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 5 �Australia. As those countries progressed, the Kellogg Foundation looked toward other parts of the world where we might be able to help. After a comprehensive review, we decided in the mid-1980s that one area that desperately needed assistance was southern Africa, which as you all know was in the throes of trying to shread apartheid. As businesses were being pressured to pull out of South Africa, we believed that investing in the people and organizations who would lead the new South Africa would be the best way to help people to help themselves. In other parts of the world, the Kellogg Foundation made a substantial grant to help launch the International Youth Foundation, which is working to spread philanthropy in an effort to help young people worldwide in Poland, other eastern block countries, Latin America, and Africa. One of the many things that sets the Kellogg Foundation apart from other organizations its size are the provisions Mr. Kellogg set for his Board of Trustees. First, that we have a Board of Trustees that meets monthly. We're the only major Foundation that has a Board of Trustees that meets 12 times a year. This means that you won't find Who's Who kind of names on the Board. But you will find people like Jonathan Walton and Howard Sims, both from the Detroit area. They're just great people, and contribute so much to the Kellogg Foundation. I'm pleased that Howard could be with us today , while Jon is making site visits to many of our projects in southern Africa. It's marvelous that they are on our Board. RGM S peec h/Economic Club o f Detro it 6 �They and the six other trustees are what I like to call civic statespersons. They're women and men who are active in society. They're successful in their own profession, career, and personal life - and they're involved in communities. They're on the college board, the hospital board, the United Way Board, the Symphony board, and community and state boards. They teach Sunday schools, they're involved in the community, they're involved in society. And so they bring to their responsibilities as trustees that kind of perspective. Just earlier this month, the 777th meeting of the Foundation's Board of Trustees was held in Battle Creek. Again, we had 100 percent attendance. The second proviso that shapes the Kellogg Foundation is that those monthly meetings be held in Battle Creek. We cherish the fact that we live and work in a small, "shirt-sleeve," Midwestern town, with all the values and all of the characteristics that those descriptors suggest. We're different than many other organizations because we're in Battle Creek. Like you, all of us are involved in the community - we teach Sunday school , we're involved in our schools, we're involved in groups that are helping others. We're active. All of us. Staying connected to where life is lived, and that allows us to take risks. One of the questions many people ask is: How are the Kellogg Company and the Kellogg Foundation connected? RGM SpeechlEconomic Club of Detroit 7 �Because of Mr. Kellogg's foresight, the Foundation and the Company are totally separate entitities. He was a very wise man, and he made it very clear that in no way would the Company ever use the Foundation and its grantmaking activities to benefit the Company, nor in any way would there be any relationship between the grantmaking activities of the Foundation which might benefit the purposes of the Company. He clearly wanted those differences, but he also recognized the inevitable relationship since the Foundation would benefit from the dividends of stock in the Company. And so there is that interrelationship of this philanthropic purpose with the business enterprise. The Foundation is entering an exciting new era. With my upcoming retirement as Chairman and Chief Executive Offic er, we have much to look forward to. . ,,-. After a lengthy search by our Board , the Kellogg Foundation whole state - indeed, our is extremely fortunate to have William Richardson, president of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, as my successor. What a tremendous coup for the Foundation and Michigan. I am delighted that Bill will be coming to the Foundation August. Bill has been involved with the Foundation in different ways for many years. He has served as an adviser. He's been a Kellogg Fellow. And now, as president of Johns Hopkins University, he is a grantee in our Community-Based Public Health initiative. RGM Speech/Econom ic Club of Detroit 8 �He brings a wealth of experience in many areas, wonderful character, and a grounded sense of the importance that people are best able to solve their own problems. I believe Bill Richardson is someone who will strive to hold true to the vision, philosphy, and principles of the Foundation's founder, and will do a super job helping to lead the Foundation into the next century. That philosophy has guided the Foundation for 65 years, and has made it possible to be able to work with creative, innovative people in places like Detroit, Wayne County, and Michigan, and so many other areas around the world. We can see in so many places the impact that one man has had. As Mr. Kellogg believed, "Education offers the greatest opportunity for really improving one generation over another." The Kellogg Foundation's relationship with Detroit and Wayne County goes all the way back to 1933, when we made a grant to the Detroit Department of Health for the development and promotion of clinical services. In the early years, our grantmaking focused on community-based health care, experientialleaming, and the computerization of libraries. Throughout our history of programming in the Detroit and Wayne County, the Foundation has invested more than $53 million (approximately $37 million in the past six years). RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 9 �We've had the privilege of working with so many talented people and worthy enterprises: Joy of Jesus Project Hope Wayne State University The Community Foundation of Southeastern Michigan Another major initiative the Kellogg Foundation has been privileged to be associated with over the past six years is the Kellogg Youth Initiatives Program, or KYIP. You may have heard of this ambitous, long-term venture, whereby the Kellogg Foundation has become a partner with the citizens of the Northern High School area for more than six years ... KYIP is working with citizens to look at their community and all of the influences that impact the development of the individual from prebirth through adolescence to young adulthood. When you start looking at that, you see there are all kinds of factors. There are concerns with neighborhoods and with families, concerns with schools, with formal and informal learning opportunities and experiences ... and on and on the list goes . But ultimately, it's to look at helping to make a community like the Northern High School area a better place in which to be born and grow up. RGM Sp eech/E conom ic Club of Detroit 10 �That's a lot tougher to do than simply helping an organization like the Girl Scouts, or the Y Center, meet a specific kind of need of a specific client group in a certain circumstance. We want to continue to support these kinds of activities. But when you're trying to take all of the best practices from wherever you may gather them and bring them into an area like Northern, that challenge becomes great. Programs like KYJP are a much greater challenge risk - and a much greater than simply making an award to a noble program idea. That kind of approach - that kind of risk-taking - is critically important if we are to be the kind of stewards that we, our predecessors, and society expect of us. This is an important role for foundations and many other nonprofit groups. However, as you all know , what we all in the third sector can contribute to helping people is far outweighed by the resources others can bring to bear. In Michigan, there are nearly 1,200 foundations (private, corporate, and community) that have assets totaling more than $12.3 billion. Together, they make charitable distributions of more than $745 million. In your area alone (southeastern Michigan) reside more than half of those organizations (596), with assets totaling $5 billion and charitable distributions of $283 million. This is a very impressive presence, and I know we all appreciate what Michigan foundations contribute. RGM Speec hlEcon om ic Club of Delro il II �However, what philanthropy and others in the third sector can contribute is small in relation to the size of the problems and concerns facing society. Let me offer you just one illustration. In Michigan, the Department of Social Services (DSS) agency - a vast state tries to meet the needs of thousands of less-fortunate people. Now, if you take their budget, which is roughly $7.4 billion, and average it out over the number of work days in the year, they're spending more $.J.,h- ~ million a day. Imagine that! And just for comparison purposes, let's take a look at what an organization like the Kellogg Foundation dispurses . Last year, we madde about $266 million in charitable contributions. If made grants at the same pace (rate) that DSS did, we'd be in business for: nine (9) days, two (2) hours, and 48 minutes. I think this example helps to illustrate the critical balance and differences between what the three sectors can contribute, and the underlying relationships among them. Our society would not look anything like it does without this "three-legged stool." But we see some troubling challenges facing foundations and other nonprofits. One of the greatest concerns facing philanthropy, indeed everyone in the third sector, is the desire by some to shift the burden of many of society's support systems, and who is responsible for them , from the federal RGM Spee chlEconom ic Club o f Detro it 12 t:.J, �government to the states, and then to local governments. In some cases, people are calling for privatizing some services. I am deeply concerned about the desire of some people to shift the responsibility and control in addressing societal issues to the states and local communities. For more than six decades - from the "progressive era" at the tum of the century to the late 1960s, and particularly beginning with the "New Deal" in the 1930s - the federal government took an ever-increasing part in meeting the needs of the American people. Since the early 1970s, that trend was first slowed, then seemed to reverse. Increasingly, states and localities are being called upon to deliver services and provide benefits to people at the community level. This fact poses problems for all states and localities, especially communities like Detroit. This puts pressure on the tax system, especially, to raise revenues to cover increased state and local expenditures. A desirable consequence is that more problems are being identified and dealt with closer to home, and, as we all know so well, the answers usually lie not in the dollars alone, but in the increased commitment and involvement of people who care. Again, opportunities for private sector initiatives are obvious: there is desperate need to become more efficient and more effective in using limited resources and in mobilizing local leadership. RGM Sp eech/E conomic Club o f Detroit 13 �There has been a great deal of rhetoric, especially in the last few years, about public/private collaborations. Such collaboration between is private philanthropy and businesses with public institutions and programs is going on in all of our communities, to the advantage of all. The best observations tend to be at the community level - in education, child care and child abuse prevention, substance abuse, independent living for the elderly, intergenerational initiatives, the cultural and performing arts, and a host of other examples. A concern I would share with you is that, unless we are careful in such collaborative efforts, they will, in a sense, be one-way. Public officials are eager to mobilize and direct private resources to "their chosen objectives." They are not always as eager to be helpful to private philanthropy in addressing such concerns as increasing the resources for philanthropic purposes. I think our continuing approach should be to be cooperative with public institutions and organizations, but to be cautious and not to be coerced. The problems of concern to society tend to be complex, multidisciplinary, overarching, penetrating, and permeating. Each of us can make our own list - poverty, K-12 and higher education, health care, home care for the elderly, water quality, food systems, environmental quality, job generation, and others. To the contrary, the solutions most often devised to address such issues tend to be narrow, discipline- or profession-oriented and biased, simplistic, and RGM SpeechlEconomic Club of Detroit 14 �inadequate for the task. A major contribution of philanthropy in addressing societal needs can be to encourage and demonstrate programs which are comprehensive, collaborative, and provide continuity. We as a society, through our communities, institutions, and organizations, must put to better use that which is already known. Philanthropy can be a key catalyst. Only people are important. Only people make a difference in the long term. In conclusion, what will be the role of the nonprofit sector for the future of the common good? The hard reality - as well as the exciting fact - is that all of us here , individually and collectively, will make that determination by our decisions and actions. We may be passive and reactive - or we may be creative and participatory. While we are continually concerned with dealing with problems and addressing shortcomings, we need to keep these concerns in perspective. At the same time , there are pressing concerns which must be addressed. It is to such issues that much of our thought and resources must be directed. We in the nonprofit sector - whether in corporate grantmaking, community foundations. service organizations, or private foundations - must be responsive to changing circumstances and opportunities. Most of the significant new directions imperative to our societal future will not be charted by government. RGM Speech/E conom ic Club of Det roit 15 �We in the nonprofit sector can continue our tradition of innovation, nurturing creative, collaborative approaches to human concerns at the community level. We can provide leadership to enhance the resources of philanthropy and ensure their most effective use. Michigan has a great tradition of social concern. We all- and those who preceded us - have been important partners in this progress. There is unfinished business demanding the best efforts of us all! Godspeed! RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1995-02-27_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The Privilege of Stewardship Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 27, 1995 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Economic Club of Detroit. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995-02-27 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text