10 24 430 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5705a4efaca0cc57687d1cde2f7bba15.pdf 2a63a8b0607e038dc694f69018c447bb PDF Text Text I 0 'k' "T' 0 0 �GRAND RAPIDS INTER-TnlH!\L COUNCIL GBP.PHICS DEPABTMEN'f TURTLE 'I'ALK STJ\.F? EDITOR .... , •.•.••. • ... . ..... TONI IL FOSTER ASSISTANT EDITOR. .VIRGINIA MEDACCO HERR CIRCULATION ••• • •••• , , •••••••• HUSS MORGAN CLERICAL A.iDE. .. ELJZA OFFICE ASSISTANT 11 TOOTSIE" PETOSKEY ~ {PART TIME) ..• , ...... ~ROSS MORGAH •.• 1\)~JI A • FOS TEE 'iJIRGIJ,IA ME!)AGCO HERR ••....... ,TONI A. ARTIST ••••••••. DECEMbE.B JANUARY l97B �Git-ga-wa-ba-min Na-gutch! Toni A. Foster, Editor of TURTLE TALK GHAND HAPIDS INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL The snow has finally started to fall, Many people have awaited for this season so long while others could do without it. Anyways) it's good to know that the f""£HHY CHRISTMAS! ! ! white blanket of sno1,1 bas fallen on our Mother the Earth to keep her warm and -prepare her for the seasons to come. I'm sure many of the children a.re fascinated wi t.h the snowy season becJ.use to them they know that.. w.ith Christmas just around the corner .it 's the t1 me of gi ving, 6 et-togetl1ers, exchangi.ng presents, set.ting up the family Christmas tree, and yet another big dinner. I would like to remind everyone about the Christmas Ps.rty that u,e Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council, ~ative American Education Program, and Owl Indian Outreach will spor,sor together. The party's date is set for December 15, 1978, 7:00 IN'l'R,1DtJ."IN'~ i..., .,. .,, . Y \,,,~ ·11' • ., ,:, • ~ By Vj rgin:i.a Medacco Herr· BILL CARPENTER --·--Strangely enough, we're in~roducing Bill C::.rpenter only to soon be bida.1.ng hj.m farewell, as be will be lea vi t1{.!, us in January to go back to school and ~tudy Agronomy, which in Jayrncr; 1 s term.~, means scientific agriculture ana in Bill's case, it .~ill be organic gardening. p.m •• at the West Side Complex located at 215 Straight St. N.W. Bill has been our Planner here since October -19·,,~.7 an d ne · , s :c,::a.Ll.y · a ve,'Y n1ce person! Everyone i.s invited to come and ,,1e bope th:i.s years party will be just as good of a turn-out 2s last years. Only I \.JC>uld lH:e r,o say that if your c;hild 1s over 12 years of Or,.ginally from Det!'Oi t, r.e has Hvcd age, please don I t think that we forgot you, in the Grand Hap ids, area about f::.ve but these partie3 are really designed for years. He attended school in Milwaukee,. the children and ll'.)t young adults. But_ l'l~rq~ette, and at the Univer.s,:Lty of plca:::;e feel free to attend nnd donat,;; some M1cl,igan, where he rece:Lved hi.:.: Mast e,, 3 of your va.Iuable t:ime. lf you rememoer Degree in Pub1.ic .Aclmin:Lst:rat10,,. right oiae time we did tne same for yo,.,~ So let's make it as fi.:n as it was when you He i.s nxorri&d to 3uc Fogarty who i~: 6 Begistered :Jur,se and reta.Lns her 1;1.a i., ·e:;r recei\ed gifts and candy okay? n2me, w!,ich Jill doesn' ,, mind a b:~t. Also any thing:;; are :1eeded for tne party, They have two cbiJ drc~n, Ar:iy 2.gi~ eJ.evr~n and Peter who is eigbt. so if y,)ll know of any u1ur.:..h tta.t would take up a special collcrtion please tell In td.s leisure hours :1e likes to rLE;. them to do so . It's baaly needed. cross countrv ski anrl }·iK''"' '-',·e a· .... ,' Finally don't forget the Cent8r will st.uctie8 earden'ini! :::i.nr1 a"tronorriy '-"''id · ·be closed from December 23 tlu"ough 1, .. a., ~. ~ (".;,, a .... ~,o GJ-,!c,_. m.i.ndeci ai..lO(J,. a:::trolo,:Sy, (l''!ay,January 2, 1979. Hope you au have a be n:..iess1rw ~ds PJ'sr,.,q '',U,·") ,,~,..n '-•el"··r' l ·-> · ,, ..,_~\.. • ...,.. •. , _ Lt::J , . _ ll , ~:..;_ v: J Merr·y Christma;::1 and br:i.nt~ tile year in .., ' 0 ', ...... t..... l\IGHT. M2:y the Grea L. Spi1°i t wa tcb over uD "::i>' - ,.:; L - · ...... • -~.I.- ,j ...... ,1,,.1.,-,... I...,.. j ...... ~ ., ..1., .. O \.., ,J,,..,J ~ ~.J Wetre bOinr_~ to rn:is::., hJs gentle t;o,,.)G~-i·ja-;.. Li.r-edness acout1li l!t~r\e l'llt..tch f;qov. lt:c~~ •- -- :i.n \t you in the ~1ture, Bill! thig time of giving. !l~J~~~f:.t~~:t~~rli'"''ll.llr"- . · .~ .-_,:1\ · - - - - - - ~ - ~ : ; < , _ ! . _ ~ ~.. \ �Dean Sprague Sheryl Mapes Merri Medawis Mun-son Foster Virginia Hedacco Herr Kelly Compo 3dsan Smith El.izabeth Gibbs Gladys Ghivis Tenay-a F'oster Irene We;:iley Marian Wesaw DECEMBER BIRTHDAYS Happy birthday to: Patsy Wonegeshik Roberta Hinmon Alberta Popma Brenda Kuieck Geri Conway Barb Stalzer Kathy Floyd David Russell Gordon Bush Ruthann Bailey Charlie Bush Nelxine Francis Jeremy Sheahan Ann Cooper June Wilson Angeline .John Raymond Montpetit Francis Norberg Alice Brigham Dec. 1 Dec. 4 Dec. 4 Dec. 6 Dec. 8 Dec. 8 Dec. 10 Dec. 11 Dec. 12 Dec. 17 Dec. 18 Dec, 21 Dec. 21 Dec. 22 Dec. 2't 1) Dec. 25 Dec. 25 Dec. Dec. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. J Nov. 22 Nova Amos Jan. 1 Rcsemar'y Day ,Jan. l Jan. 2 Jan. 2 Sherri Medawis Marcella Dunlap Harry Judson Judy Raphael Gary Sheahan Missy Johnson Ryan Sheahan Vivian Foster Eugene Warren Elsie Dudley Sylvia Swanson Harold Bush Jr. Elizabeth Marks Ilad about a fifteen minute discussion on this topic. ~ Betty Shelby from the Michigan Cooperative Service will be at Homemakers Club Dec. 6 to g.tve hi.rits on low cost weatherproofing. Winter is here and we all need to knoH how to control the heat loss from our homes. 6 ,Jan. 7, Jan. ,Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 22 Jan. 22 Michelle Johnson from Planned Parenthood was with us on Nov. 8, to show a film on 11 A Family Talks about Sex." Had a good discussion after the film. Jan. 3 Jan. l,t Jan. Jan. Mal<ing beaded salt and pepper shakers along with God's eyes, were two of the projects Homemakers wocked on for the month of' November. Also traded a few_ recipes. picked up for an offcm-:.,. Nov. 23 Happy birthday to: Jan. 13 Jan. 15 Jan. 15, Jan. 16 Jan. 17 Jan. 17 Jan. 18 Jan. 20 Jan. 20 Citizens Committee for criminal justice sent Sue Briggs, on the evening of Nov. 15 to show slidP.s on the Juvenile court system. This was what happens to a youag offender after being 4 10 11 21 JANUARY BIRTHDAYS --------· 1 'J .;...(_ HOMEMAKERS CLUB And a belated happy birthday last month 1 s oversights. Pat LaHaye Percy Bird Mike Berg Carol Bennett Linda Wheeler Susan Marshall ,Jan. 8 8 9 10 11 12 12 2- �RECIPE- CORNER We now h2ve a part tJme Horker who will 'l, ,. u"" d ·· (; oq·• y r.," Lh ~hf'· Elders of our 1 v· f':.._,,r:::;;;J~.·:.1".-y.. sr-1e wil1 ii:.- s.J!', ·r ~ . . 1 i.,.h~ f~f:r\t::.:<· . ":J. . available art.d ,3.::,s::.. .:; .1 obtai·,1 .rJ;g ;~he seY''ii'ices foe t{hS.C)',; tt>:.y qu.;_:: . J. i.fy' Sri~ w-:Lll stLll be f\.rrr:.::. s.:.i,·,g transpnrtati<Hl tA.;t will l'e co .... oy·dtn.:;1tir1g r:idE~~ ~il'1i th Oltr van driver 1 Lou. Her naric i:c:- vi t..omp-o. If you have anv 1,,··cr lem oc q,l'.?::::::. 't.u·1 gtve her a call. ,;.. /1 :1~:J\ :L-,;, t.,;.,s- (--;-~-/·i(>a, ask for '· r..·.; : c / he !.:(.f,·1.~.< ., i.rtci li-·ill be ... p in any 1 · , ,.,, "J,: ,-:_) \., Lm!': :· ,··i 1";.,,~ i-e2.:-:1t fop the Elders on n r· H- 1 1,;a,<. ,.i. SU"':•.-e:,"o:1, although we .J.: ,i • :~ [•Z:,VE. tJ1, t..urnou.t we expected. Our r •·'r ; cc nsi. tee: r:if , c.1: ~{el ar:a dr,c:ssing, r • :t, 1 i n+::;: ·>;~-; 'i1Y1 gravy 1 cranberries, r,, ,., t )M' ._re':n s:iJ.ad, f!:"ied r < For dessert they 1ar1 ,n:mnt~Ln, app11", and mincemeat SALMON CAKES l J,.t,..s. tt(id.moh, :.,:tked- ( iuclud.e l' ·i' •• 4 j,.miper berrtes 1 crushed .l/3 cur> corn mea.l Z ep;g;1, JighUy br.saten ·u3 cups mil~< i-4:'i'}t'. all 1.ngredients together, spv> a W.t.ill .. greased muffin tin, and t 'k' moderate oven, 350 degr'ees F., fG .minutes. Serv·a hot er cold. Ne ,i Fr-esh or canned balmon may be u::.e r. ·' "' v,-., 1 ,. A'i.~,,::-, ·aH' .md je.tlo. t .1.l •1 w ,s shown ,-about lHne:-··l,1o~.2nr;, and ,,.1e l-1ad a coupl.e ,. ~,i: ~ !' ,: ~- 1 f -·, -:·/~~ : :,u ~ _ •1 _;( 1. .:.} . . . 1 ·r,. b 1.T 1 cup maple sugar Place the cherry juice and maple a saucepan and boil for 10 minute: in the cherries and simmer for i:-.. rr . •1·, ·-,. Serve hot or cold. 1 " ~ ,.... ·· -~·J. J 1 lb. water-packed tart re:: pL;t, ries r ~c," T·,1t.~ f;/\S.r:d prize for ·.cl1 y1s ,. na"'l, ,'.ls won by ~,ylvia INDIAN PICKLES '"'i~ ..:'· CHERRIES SIMMERED WITH MAPLE SUGAt !\-10..:-"I, p.riZE:-! r a t.'.{ Hf:·~p.s, ttt'.::tt was P··;,::ri:~.;()t-; .JCC!nt.ed t·.J ha\r,".'\ \I·,.; ,}C.. > ~ 1:~; . ....., •UU.d (}..: .. .; t 1, J:- -~ ...i 4 lbs. green tomatoes I.+ lbs. ripe toreat')es 3 medium oLion, p~;t)led 'c·,.· ,:;1 to tr,;;:, ,k t ·~e ,;:;t,,:•·es and people hh, c,or:aced and rua,_;3 the feast poss:.i.ble. ..-\.: c ·; ~1e 1.{r_J.t1t tc r,.ht~Y l,, d.~..1 tho helpeu us ,.,, ··P"jl"' '., .·1 .... t.: . :-~ ,.. !,... 1 J.1,'.~- r1,\ V v,···1c-, h. ~-:"."t~·'/ir\:) t.t1"2 1in11'E:·r .. 3 sweet red peppers, seeded l large cucumber 7 cuJa ch0pped celery 2/3 cuja salt, add more if needed 3 pints vinegar J lbs. trm,n sugar 1 tsu. 1ry mustard I tsp. white pepper Chop :oa:·sley all the vegetables kle with salt and let stand 12 hou1~ Jrain well, discard liquid and al, ma-:_ning ingrc·dient.s. Bring to a t and sin:.m~r s~. o\·1l..y about 30 minute ..~ 1··:i..ng occasionally. Pour into h,)'· , 1' adjust lids. Process in boili ~ ,b2s th ( 2.12 dt'.;recs F. ) five mim, :,emove jars and ca~pletc seals unl~s .c 1as.sPs ~Stre ::-;elf-seE! 11nt; t~f pe. 1"·1t DOU'(, 6 pints. �B1•ook1:: Zukowski, seven }'('ar o1d daugt,ter of' Lir1da of wyoinin;:;, 1.,ras rec er, tly rut by And i;e would lH~e to send rr.any nap{)Y . ' d , . 1~::.::me. co ~;ome nm,; brides here at th{~ C0tmcil. Mary f'errece recentl v ,-,etl -··-·--·--,., r ~srcy Ro•)e.rts in a b-=aut:i.f1. .. ......1 tr·;,a·,11· 0 ,·,c.1 - - · - - - - - - .. ~ c:;:;. -..a.-...1- a c~rict suffered a broken 1e1;;. Littl€; brooke js in St. Mary's Hospital, but shm,J d be ~iome in time for Christmas. She will be wearint:: a cast. for qui tc sometime. -L .,. Ceremony at the home of Geon~e M3rtin. Some new Nishnawbe bab:ies have an~ived among us in recent months ar,d we· ct like to welcome them. SHffrlH, •• , • i We also know of anotl1er mar-rtage, but can't reoea t but .L~ f v,,-,,, I'Lrst of all there is Httle Benjam:i.n to kno14, come on in and f.ind out. ) ,.- __ ___.s-:-pre-si- ~·-- :lonroe Trux {sound like a fJ baby son of ,;a~l<.Le Tom Tnix, .._,... and.,..,~. derit?} ' .j .... ,, t,.~ Our editor·' s mom, I.A.1uts~ r12ct(lVlJis recent l v amputated her toe accic!e~1t at" home 1 but th,3 toe is back on and g0tting along fine. ma-freak bc,t ., Nov. 16, and w-21.ghing i.n at, 6 lbs. J21-c;.::is if formerly Jackie Sbagonaby r daughter of G<2:2,r.ge. Celia Sprague soent some time in thG hos- Julie .Shananaquet and Co Hi Genereaux re- pital. cet1tiy becamett:'e parents ofababy boy al::o born i.n November. This one wei&,r'ed Hope -sh~ is feeling bet.t0r! in at 7 lbs. l oz. I-k;~ d~!.!;. is the name given to t~e baby £:icl born to Mr. and Mrs. Don Wilkersm1 of Mus/.egon I cecently. Mrs. WiITerson i ,, the former HJ :..a Vanas. -··-----~ £~pt~ony Bruce Dyer d-3.:. is trw name g:L ven t') t.be baby boy born on Nov. 1] , 1,o --~----...<..- er~ and Yvonne Dver. Little A.nth0r,y 1 ~; b.ir·:r: weL;ht was 9 lts. ') oz,. (Utt.Te Anthcnv?} ---- ." T:i.m and Sheryl Mapes are the proue1 _oar-· ents of an 13lbbaby boy born Nov. 7th. 'T'n· ·"'Y _,_ ,..., ca·l 1 •1·;J..o.··o _. · ... . ,1. •. • T1' 1·~o+J1v n~-··'.i.U· v<.J.me~::. r • ~_;;,~_::_~~-/ ------··--·---~-·----·---·i 1 1"JI n ~, l (J'T,r-,:, THE GRAND VALJ T.•v Tls r--~. · .. _,..JJ_ . li..l~ ., !...,\;,.:., ',J~·, V .i1~1 HCLD.ING •.q 'HTLY1 0, c··,up.LT,.,,;,MA"' D/· C>T\.;;,f ·•. ,;1~.; . '.,,,,.,1.n~)1l111,:. ..1.,4•.t ..1.'' 1., 1"'_ c. ,AT ST. ANDRSW'S EPISC0~4' · -.::. , 'TH~',7 ,,a r,•~ ·, ~ ,,.,, · ·. -, , .:... .., , rHuRrH .~. ,,._ 1 10~~ '.'··'~ ,l.L. .!:, Lu. IN !,h1H,•., 0 c1i: Jl'1(,, 0" ,,,,,. ! ~ .... ... ~ ' 1• 0 ·.. J LL •• ,u l ·- !' II I =J;~:DA Y.; LiSCEMBER G'J.'I! 1 Ff(QvJ 2; 00 p. M yr I t I t·. r- M , ., •.• • .• .,.. ... • ,. /.J,,J_ r'.u. Ll:<..i'c:. MA!<,.>< 1 1' A- \•>cf/RY ····1--v·~ l ..;. 1 i 1t., On Nov, 23, Gh:r,da. f\3to:3kev gav0 birth to ·,· F'Oli ALL Tui:;·~ L-TT"'• - ~ ~ E·· Or''~(' ~w0.I ,I 1~thy A1~_ whowe.I.ghed 6-,lbs. lS oz. no ; ....., . ' ' ...., .... ~ i · 1,.L.i.1 I 1-·-- ____,_________J _;;r~~;~.X(' ,~_McDonald ;kc.~.,le the .:>a reni:.s of a babv tc_}~(·\ o:n 'fhank::;p;i\r:l.1\?' E1..,e ~ New baby's name 1.!' '\.utrn~..:!~· 01.1r deepest :c-::rr",:L t,hy goes CL,t t.o the ,Joi:· t1ohn familv . "'-·--·"- on the le .1s of their s0:-1 _,,,. ___ Virgil and his li~ncee in r::oEu:-;; 2 \~~ _c auto- accidsn';. .J •. ;;.,J I �And would you believe that my f.irst :inclination was to decline? "Oh I jus1: couldn't, 11 I told him, believing what I said to be true. But Tim was pcr~1istant and aft.er doing SOil!t':: thinking about j t, I cot.ldn' t find a good reason why I really couldn't f,O. After convincing myself that I could go 1 I REALLY started to get excited about · it, and had not even the slightest fear of flying, even though it had been rr.any years s1nce I had flown. (And not in a jet.) ' KATHY BOvJEN, DOHA HARRIS & VIRGINIA HERR The time had come. ·- I arrived at the airport high with anticipation, and there eagerly waiting was my sister Ka thy. Dora arrived n.r>reen ts a.fu::r. Kathy and Dora al.so belong to the Kelloggsville Indian Parent Committee, Kathy be.ing of Ottawa heritage, and Dora belonging to that notorius Apache tribe. (Ha. Ha. Dora, you can't hit me. I'm too fa1~ away. So put away that bow and arrow. ) MY CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL FILLED TRIP {OR HOW TO PACK A LIFETIME OF MEMORIES lliTO 'N''rNE SH!SRT DAYS) • Part two By Vir·ginia Medacco Herr Spirits still in high gear, I returned from Stratford, on Friday October 6th, at about 10 PM. I spent Saturday with my family. But to unwind was impossible, since the very next day I would be boarding a plane with my sister Kathy Bowen, and friend Dora Harris, for Niagara Falls to attend the 10th annual convention of the National Indian Education Association. Could this really be me??? More adventures ahead!!! .SUNDAY OCTOBER 8TH. After a sleepless night {I mean honestly, how COULD I sleep'?), I was up and packing. How did I ·get into all this? Well, being a member of the Kelloggsville Schools Indian Parent Committee, I was pursuaded to go by our Coodinator, Mr. Timothy Moore. Departure time was soon upon us. The three of us went thro!.1gh that gismo • metal detector thing, and then moved on, but only after they were sure we were · not going to hi-jack the plane and head for Wounded Knee or the Little Big Horn or someplace like that. "Do you have your tickets?" asked my practical level headed sister 1 (being throughly familiar with the antk:3 of her scatter-brained sister). "Of course I do!" I answered assuredly 1 as I fumbled through my purse as .:. m.at.-· ter of routine. A more frantic effort ensued to locate th(=l!l 9 when they wern' t where I expected them to be. I just knew they were in my purse. They were there only a minute ago! Panic seized me as I realized that they were no where to be found in either purse or pocke~::., and we were only minutes away from getting on that plane. �,~::tc. 1 t, f':i.nd tnem! ri I f.ina1ly adr,ittE'd, ~.h t~-:i;:it ,1c~rc.·:~.srs i or c(!r:1e a SJ nk. tnf; .:1r1 ·1 tL,/~ :··:·;·-.1.:i.::r.. ~~ion t··~p"~~ :, P ~ bc.. y l 't t()U.Ld -:~,1d f···un<i ('l;_-1iCit;..y ~ i.)b, t!Ot t'e l"~e:.:.tilng on tl~;·1t: p1an(~~ ;. ~ rr10-! It. ·oulc' 011·:_y : .. :1ppcr1 : . ,:;. l ",, . • ! .... )"lf.~ ;•- · ·L.L ,· .. ;~' s~~id HlY .1~)v2.L t1~~adt:d si;·3t,t:;'i.': r ·-r·~r tn.g the irupo:..;~rtb}._::;; :,';· ;: ;- r.:i1ne J ike i:i)i,d. yc.Y'l h, •VP t ..h·:Jtr1 ;'A!; iJ\'.t,f-·Y. ,,:1::. j ""' 1"·. irir:: :/t.1 ·: !,h-~r·t.:·? '~ 1 -~·.nt tc~ i . ~:;·.~-1 th,-'; .tt1d:..,:. ):~; .: Lor ; r:. ;~;i; ,1(., G,. ~')(', 1. \. :~ ~r~ :f I:: .!.t.~l"\ t r !.";-:--1.\~l\. I wa . . . ac:::;ut t0 Addinc to my p2nic, Kathy said 1 sxµec3e n~ney was also in that en~<~ ·w~ sn' t .it? it \ of r.v,_.,, ; .L made it to the plane. Ertscon~HJd i.n ou.r seats - still ir1 that cc:le(', I drifted into a. joyful delirium wt,eD thf• reaJ.i t,y hit me that I was act-- ually or, that plane and would seer: be f'lyinc to Niagara Falls. 1 1 .J 1 Ct-~- e Up.:m wobbily i egs and. 1,Jith the support of both Dcra and Kathy (on 01.ther side r·~r=-.:rrfr;:i.r;(;(~ (~a1rn. SE.:atb2lt.s .fastened, we were soon speed.i.ng down the runway, £md with the sense :·,f le,:-.v.ir;g on(~';::. tur:m1y still. earthbound, w,~ ;,hot ,1hat 8eerned to be 1 almost vert:u.:.,::.Lly upwarcP ! ! (G:t'.!te! What a thrill it must be for space,-r,en ! } And need I say I LOVED jt??? s;;,rtt?_b,ecanie Soon everything on the mir!:lG.'".ure and then th.e ff1c.t,."1___" detectt)c " ·;!1? see111ed_ tc- be 1,.:.-.tdE of t:·it~t -::.·-=·11~:..L'. ~-; c1i ~'An(i ar)yt.ods' ca11 l'_''-:;·:. t.hnl-1~: .. and t·~ 1 \:h1:'ffl •. , f, ,r r.:c.;nc·y 1:',·!EY. ."_:CC'") A.S Cfi:_?1 ! ' t1y •q~- ,~ , , \ ~-r . :: ,J ,. .v~;,• . ~ . i, : .. i IJ the ~etal detec~ar ~-~m>, s~c0d t f1!'Y Ct1t ffc)~) 1r:·, -~~ l1~.\~3b;.::r1u 1 t-E~ i.r~~i.:a 1~)3t. hct... ti(kt::.r:..~;lf' l'.a 1 .,r~y 7 ~-~0 b~lt1~ I ·W\~:-.ls tc\) - r..::_... ~.J< Le i.::pe;a.t<,, j \ ;\. .,:,-:. ·. t ~}~_ey :trf·· or ne2l·· '~.t'.';: J 1' , _ ~. ~"IC :1ert; ~=--.t:,!:1n,g, '' :~l1t2 iT: • (;. "'I "\-"_.~.1 those f'r·,)t.hy looking things. - What r~t.....lU ~.~j f ! ! The three rnuskateers. {or i.:: that Mouscka.teers?) We would ~:pend tr1e ecst of thL: ·(by, plus four 'ta-PP:'{ rriocr~ toe~eti.,0.r • ·~ t :;t c::tJ.~3 \·l2 cn1:v~ j!.lSt {~'>t up in tl1is \ ,v ish <..arn:: 'Jal 1 J.de v,her; we started ,.o d~~;.::end.. :}oon we were amongst the cloud::: t!·iern Tile toy c..It!, .;. ?~3.3.:! t!:d t 11en. bi.J.o'. -J _, __,,,,.,~ u~L0 vj_cw. Tho ,nc c:.lo:scr. Down we r,-i :~}, i~ ·,,.:! ~, o i.,.1or:!a t. {,,l1at e&rth came closer came and a:s I com-· .· t:.:;_1-se:..1,3onect trav1:. 1..cr) tJ-icr~ ..... t ,r"d.-5 r-t:ally a smooth :2ru:i-inc;, SL':; t'E.i.l,,,J t 11 But we 1,,u.vcm I t landed :,{~t.~' Uh . . 1 ::.1. -~ 3;~ats n~r. ~.-.:-:°"l 1 • , .. ,,.. .. ·_; ..!i ~.)} ra(:C" l.fL~ ',1 And t. cforc· long, we wm"e flying way ABOVE Wsll, hePe we i:iat. ~t .i.'':'n ttie J..arf? grew Lazy as we merged into thl0; c1ouds. rrtor1f)1rt'. tl-'ie .:., .. (;' :...;r1(~Jtl"ln\3 rr:~tt~rrierl, rs tr1 hartc; ~ tv\=;nt,.:1ly I ;3:·}~~t him · 1 U.ion kL;:;-;~~ .,, , ra.t.i':u,~0, oeco.u~:;e !Tid ~~ri b<..JU~ Lo k:i.l t' we r.:,. :~;,vrn.e r·efresbrnent~:1 at ~.t lisnment a., tile terminal. aecided J.itt.le estab- Kc.thy had a wh:~skey sour 1 Dora bad some red wine ane . ~:.·t:i~11 tcG nu.:nb tc:i !3pe;J.k ,, I J:L1i ;,:, bloody mary. ·:r..at a relief! About fiv;2, minLtes before we w-:r•e to boat"si the plan~ to Buffa.Lo, the nice e·",nt::.leman at the ticket. counter :l.nformed u,; that the plane -was :f'ull ! 11 No sE~ats ! " said he$ I wac3 b,:;ginning to · tl'let V:ir>g::ti.a wasn't gc-Lng with T.1.Tnk :you, Do:,." . l'.>J I still had net regained the use ; , : ce, I m 1c:ie a breif U'<:;ture in', :i 1-v· r,hc1t :. was ever sc ef·, t,~ful. Then we had lunch. ''But we Lave tickets!'' cried we. �It was a dampish Buffalo that welcomAcl But darnpish only weatherwise, because there was an abundance of warmtn at the air·port terminal where we wert° greeted by a welcoming committee of :friendly ladies from the Niagara Falls · us. Indian Center. They were there to drive us on the 50 mile or so trip north to Niagara Falls. We had an amiable chat with our lady ~ ' \ driver and the two other lady passenr~1;:;. "'~.,;,~y,f. who ';lere from Maryland, as we headeo - · ~&:{,,... ,.!}I north. Before long we were crossing the Niagara River and in the distance "Sorry," came his reply. "Someone nught we cou1.d see the mist rising where the relinquish their seats at the last minriver suddenly drops a hundred and ute, but if not, you'll have to waj.t un- sixtv .some feet. THAT is Niagara Fail";! t:il 7: 00 to get the next plane to Buffalo •Howt~~·er, the falls themselves were r. t It was then about 3:00. How could ttiey visible f'r·om that angle. cto this to us'? We had to be at the hot.el in Niagara E,;alls by 6: 00. We were soon in the city itself and found ourselves in front of the Ramac.::i ~ Luck was with us. J•is t L1.Ke in the moInn where our new found friends would ,•e vies there were some gentlemen who gave staying. us their seats, and just in the nick of time. Witn undying gratitude to the~;e Bidding our driver adieu, we entered tne strangers 1 we rushed to the plane. portals of Jolm 's Niagara Hotel,\WherEt Breathless, we hurried down the aisle to we would be staying,) with a breath tal: i.ng our back c1eats. True, they weren't the gasp! best seats in the world, but at least we - • ,tl would soon be i.L flight again. And yes, it was the sa.me thrill. Once agai."i, we were soaring through the a1r showing those smug feathered creatures that they aren't the only ones who can do it. I feJt a cer-tai.n tranquility and peace wa.y up there i.n the sky and that I was probably as close to our Creator as 1 .could possibly in this material world. Once again we descended into the clouds and then the vast expanse of the horizon became visible. As we came closer to the earth the· abstra,. t, view gr,adually started to take familhu· form and became identifiable. Ribbons of freeways and rivers. Little tiny rouses and little tiny cars. As they grew larger I kndw we would soon be landing. Our- ey2s explored the interior with won-derment ! ! ! This just. had to be where all the honeymooners sI~ayed. Glitte!'ing crystal chandliers t;Verywhere and Lhen reflected again .in strategically placed mirrorf,. Red velvet d!'aperies and creo.mv austrians graced the massJ_ ve vnnclows. - Wall scounces eV0!'}'Where, -:lri:- ping with diamond brilliant crystal ;.. en- dants. Op~n staircases to a mezzanine:~ with glit broque bannisters. Elegance, elegance everywhere. This was a fairyland pala.ce. Aft8r our init:Lal surprise, we caught our breaths and registered. As vff started toward the elevator, I wa:, hoping that I would not bear a clock ~;tr ... l-:e m:i.dnj_ghtg because I wo1..,ld .surely ti.,rn 1i-::- ·~o a pumpk:i.n. �Upor1 enterit1g this huge structure I I wa:s, taken with the same feeling I had at our own convention here in Grand Rap:.ds, a few weeks earlier. At. the sight that greets you, a lump appears in ~he throat, you're suddenly standing taller, feeling a certain pride, and realizing that we are still a people. we ARE here, We are NOT a dying race. We are great in number. A feeling of "be.longing" sur rounded us 0 as vie a ·pproached a fellow Nishnawbe and The '.:,hree Muskateers! Dora, Kathy tmd ·rr,., ! As our elevator moved upward to the fifth floor, my mind reviewed the events of the past few days. So much hc.d happened. And now here I was in Ntagara Falls, with four more days of excitement ahead! ·Thi': elevator door opened to a mirrored wall ann we trotted down the corridor to o~r room. It was not as lavish as tbe lobby, but was, nevertheless, 11 cushy 11 ·- but more in the Medi terr•anean style. It was a spacious accomadatj.on w.i th two double beds, a color TV I nd a large window with a sweeping view of the city , includi.n~ the georgeous convention center, which had to placate us, si.nce we were on the 11 Wr'ong" side of the hall for a view of the falls. We unpacked, freshened up and then headed for the cpnvention center, which 'Was easily withtn walking distance. {And much walking we would do in the days to follow.) registered. TO BE CONTINUED NEXT MONTH. GRAND RAPIDS INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL To look at the outside it doesn't look like much. Step inside and see the busy people, trying to help their people; to achieve some of the ti1ings and ideals that a good share of peopole take for granted, We care for cur elderly, young; all ages. To some this is a place to gather. Whether it be for business, personal or social reasons, And I for one, am happy and proud to be a part of this place, though the small bit I contribute, and thankful that it is here. This is just my point of view .•• A FRIEND TO: GRAND RAPIDS INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL RE: We crossed a little churchyard next to the hotel and then down a few small steps to the street which dead-ended directly al a charming mall (which was part of an elaborate 1esign, which included the conven U.on .center 1 an all glass mul ti-s toried ~iinter garden, and yet another mall e·~tending toward the fal.ls) • The mall was tree-lined w:Lth park benche::~, flowers and old fashioned street lamps. To our left the mall extended to the winter garden. To our right, it ended at a huge plaza that was connected to the ultra-modern convention center. GRAND RAPIDS INTER-THIBJ\.L COUNCIL GOLF LEAGUE. Those of us who played in this years' Golf League would like to thank GRITC for their support and co-operation for a successful golf year. Sec'y-Treas. Ed i Shenoskey P.S. FOR THOSE WHO DIDN"T ATTEND THE BANQUET AWARDS DINNER, PLEASE CALL ED AT 538-25Tl RBGA~RDING THE AWARDS GIVEN OUT THAT EVENING. ©@© �~ }) 'T' POETflY When my children were ~,mall, And. they loo~~ed and were in ;.:,ge, Like sta..1. rsteps; and people ,re:·E: Looking at me with this ques';:lon 1,1 their cyE•s, "Wonder what in her spare time?" sr1e ------ THE INDIAN i,-JAY A worry ther,~ 1,ras that frected them does And for he.!.p tLey lrnew n0t whicb way to I said Lo myself, I'll be glad when They're grown and gone and - ah The peace and contentment I'll have!So .. ).t 1-ong _,_ast here I si1~, alone, C1uietnes~, all about me, 'I\,Jdcllinc my thumbs and Wisni~e for the old aays? both For the Indian's wife lay i l l ~n a oeJ So I say 'To you a.,.1, En io\F l,.,hen-1 ·whi J e they' re yours_, /o;., i-u'e passe:_; so quickly anci The pf~:-i.ce and quiet, ,-w all ye,arn for, !.s deafr"LLL;. tg! ! ! turn Then shyly he came tc her side and sa:l.ci, "The Indians trust in a tea chcy d1·1n\: Wi 11 you a.tso drink if' I br:rng it to you?" 11 t1ye, go now and ga t.ri,~r the bark t II she Sa.id 11 I will gJ.a::ily drink tt this rici'J for you, u "But the Indian,,, hc.:vc 2 way," :ie ;Jd5-r~ "That a 1,_;ift they r,iu.st gbe in fair r·eturn, n uyou r1-i:J.~t /;0 1 u she saidy H.J'.t~1d ~.:!rr"y your gift, 1;nd the way of your J.JCO\)J P do 1:0,:; A.-; T ~;it 1-icrc c\8r' Optt.m:i.:Jttc, The sun i.~; t,,,..-,·: £;!·1t c.s the last :f~?~~; .. ,,r,r,:;. of Jn.rliLiit sun1rner a1-'\t:: 8.t ha.nd) .., .. -~, I3t;;;u~·.:.if'u1 surrnn'-:..'r I1r~s mad.t~ :-.J'a.Y rc.r· Au Lnrr·o t -:-., , :uL~ t v1i.:1ds 3.rh.; tb1:1 t1~. a,:1.<.c..:~t o:-~ v.rb t Le tht...L ,:,.;oon w.iJ.1 ~ever ')Ur ('i') ,her E:1.rtlj ! ~j Life is v,Gll~C t0 the ~?3SODS, ~~t:: n-:~ \'"P otsr . . 0c,d tirnes and our u::~.-~o"-La.,~e 1 :lrectry i:::.rr.tet;? As I sit h~r~ ~ver ortimi~tic ..• ("r 1.ldr·c.~·.1 to tt1e5. ·i'·l par-1-;n ts a.rr:: L_i~.--~ c}·oµ::, t c, f~..t.:crner s,, t' 1:".::il tr1e 2-.ee<.1 the 11 tf1r--:. st~1k, 1 ~Jn; ch be t:h c...1.1~,o::rt an:J fcff''Jer pray Wi_' grow str1ignt and strong, Anc. will no'. bend 'l\) '·,he Wlt•Cl 1-\~; ~ i sit her~~ t'"/C·r" optJ.P1.ist-t c. oz. spurn..,,: ~~o fle: H~~nt to tl1e hills c1nd th6f.-~e t:;athered The: c~=:lr1tJiutn r·ELt~k .frorn tt'."ie r;\,ret:t ~)_'j rch t;rE,e And Uw l:iv{~ bark fr-or:i the p:J1 cl"E!ny too Htit k:i rmi-ki.rmick t;y thetr ,'oot 1 c-fc he, '~'hen bi.::3 kJ1.fe drank tf;e rir.L"Jl. . i<rFirl.::-e!·_~ ~'sit'· ~, [lt·i ce Life of the Lc~ic and Ll1e g:i n orfere,j .,, P:..1-'r.I rosf..! fr,Jrn b.-:.. r i)ed with 1tf::~ clir,glnf:; on Dt~e to the v-1000 l.d.:1d' .J n:e:J tc ina.l cup 7 1J.'her{~ i'I/J.t;r r~r:vcr·ence 1.'<1.-: l.i ft·, a:·1d 1 .iust.ice :,oo ~,Jor::=)nip the.t.'(::! ~-fr:t.:~~, on tJ-;ar, f'2r :J. 1,,.r2•1 d.~J' When U,f· heart 1:L fte,J JP a!"c. the ·;oi.1·it touched dcwn In th;:.. t time bonored, beaut J. ful Indian way. �lNDIAN TRAILS Indian trails now are gone Gene 1 ilrn smoke in airy blue Faded &[; their camp f'ire lights Long :;ince have faded too, Here the warrior sought redress From the shame of ill defeat Goins; swift1y, strong and sure On unerring, silent feet, Here he fought to keep the land Hills and plains that were his home Fought to save his wigwam fires From other warriors on the t'oam, Proud his heart on battle trans, On the trails he loved and knew TraHs that now have faded lil<e Wraiths of smoke in airy blue, FaJing, fading, fading still Those trails the Indian knew Growing dimmer though the years Like wraithD of smoke in airy blue - Laura Parkey MICHIGAN COMMISSION ON INDIAN AFFAIRS ·coNFERENCE - ·---- THESE POEMS WERE SUBMITTED BY SHTPLEY MCDONALD'S NEIC8, DONNA JEAN SQUIRES, AND vJRITTEN BY DONN.It I S GRAfJDMOTHER, LAUHA PARKEY OF PETOSKEY, MICHIGAN. On November 15-17, 197E3, Vi Compo and I attended the Michigan Commission on Letter to the Editor of TURTLE TALK. Dear E'.citor, Indj_an Affairs Conference in Traverse City. The Park Place Motor Inn hosted the many representatives from various programs craat.ed for the Native American concerns which included education, employment~ health, and housing, among other areas of importance. I wi::,h to express rr,y gratitude to ti1e Grand Rapio.s Inter·-Trit,al Council for maki•1g it possible for the Elderly representatives of the three major tribes of Michigan, Uw Salem--Br·adley Drum, and the Director of the The pre:::encc of EJ ders at this confer·- Mj_chigan C:)n:tmission on Indian Affail·:', to be was our' prc~sent at the dedication of the West River ended a meeting of the Elde1~s, and was Bank Park iu downtown Grand Rapids. grounding and center. I att- I also proud to hear and experience their determination to unify and then work for the changes they want to see happen as a result of their J.ong struggle with the government for good nousing, nutWithout our Elders contribution to the ded1- rition, health services, assured incati.J:1 it would have been just another dedi-- come, meaningful employment., ano a life cat1on. With them and the Drum and their of' determination. An Elder from the opening ceremonies it had real meaning to Detriot Indian Center spoke of the need ev.,ryone present. It was Beautiful! to unify, commenting that the government Lever has 'Dor wi 11 ever meet, by Me Gwe tch agfd.n itself'; the needs of the Nati vc Elcler:3. want to thank all those from our local Indian cornmimi t,y; tvr,o .in spite of the rain, ~ ut'ned out to obsecve the c:eremonie.s. Bea Ba·, ley: flepresentative of the I:1dian Con;mum. ty or1 tl1e West. Hi ver-Bank /art( It is ~--or the Elders, themselves, he reported, to gather together· and work for the way of life that they seek. �r:nn ~.ho repre;:.;<::nt•:d the St,c:ia] 5ec;y ()ft ire, !Hl.<.1~ thP J.f' 1 ak.0 1 (J1,:. c~f tJcrnic~. oi ~ king 3n 2id~- i1 ~e ~..Ja2 an 11rner:1.CCLA h ·J0!7t..:· t t 3 ~~Oi. d ;;n1rJ. s:::l.J, w.,,, ,re the At,::.,J: na:-1b", t l .!;;; 0 1.._-r,.1 u. .. 1 PcopJ ~. J-i.Y,d } vt as~c if w0 :1r· :') American;:''? tJe '.lt'"c. t-L'2: . fir,Jt ...._,. ,..__ . --. AN:r:Lc ai Unf'~>:rti.~' a tely, the n:1n ,,,:·,o h;;,,_; asked sa:id, th,:; sLati:sti:-.s whicn r,he govc ·'r,nu. 1 i. Lll l __ , __ ~-· velor pro~rctm3, atyl rrc.U1'.'"',~......~1D' kr:.Jt. ., th~ queJ~ion r~rused to gi\e hjs a~tentic,n to the 1,i:se. worcts c .t' trc;.::., wo.,ian, and hi-: L1..1rr ed LLs 11c ad t: o [' p1:-;::.k w:~ th ~ ·hfu' 1 OJd:ets :::J1oul.d ;,c~cp :Ln cur "r:d.1.~ \•H? f ~ that al: uf ~he~e tningb O~LY serve t1 t 1.ke ( ,:• r::. c r rria ter i~ J needs.. A h ,nr~rE j funded prc\,:ra.ms opE't't:1':,in,c: suc:P ,.;;f,1.~-Y stil"i do H)t. spe,a~ fer tl:e d2L!1 cf. 1~ ;-1,· ·d.::. 0 \.,he r.-eople~ ?ct this rc·=:son 1 we L_ ·r, . y·,:;J 1 .. 4 'Lur;et.hF~ .. · on ·:'hur.sday nigtt t,Q +-..e,~ 1 t.tijC, pulse of the Drum, to danc~ in hom~fe uf ector of the C>)mnis2i..0n; vt·to roc!fJr-at(·C:. ·) ·"1,1· s, v! ..,er, J_n,.'·l ,--: r...,orr.m1tc,1,,,., f'",.., ,..(~ p,:...lh.: __ Laeu t•h froni the El der3 ;,;nen they had talked u-112 Lr,:,ng~-,st Wa:'..k, lo praj in the N;..v .. ve .......,~'!ni~~~tar,e" For tL!is ~e:1son, t.oJ, --- _t«.[' tened to the coun~il of the Eld~1s an~ learned frc,r~ Lht::ir C!Xf)E'Pient'.e i.J'fH-1 .,-J c ;1. The iieart anci spir .l t of the Nis·1nm-1bE· ar carried ,;ithi.n the bi;s-Lory, the t.ra(~ v .or1s the LJ1··urn 1 the Pipt'·', :lle :,;acred dz ,:e:c, witb him during the bre,1k"'. and sor,gs, someor,B e:t>e as ::ihe tali<•?d on. Mariy Eld'.~r-~ 3p0l(e at, Jif'i .erent men .,irJt?;._:: ~ ,.._ i.ng tbe thret'. day conference I and I was g' :Jci th<lt Jolm Bai:'..ey 1 U1,_t · '"JF; ' r·- r• ... ..;.. . ' . ~1 f ·:,7 1ne 1raditionalist guidance of the Cnnfcrence was very strong. dank Huff 1 Mouze r'amp, Tnun,.an Be3r, John 3;:J_iley t -,.mo~,g ether;:; br·ought es!,:ent,ial spjri.tual mcantng t~ this gatherin~. I Wd3 deep]y movtd by "' talk ei ven by Tburp1;..r, 3ear. ~.1,:~rit uali ty and poli -c:.cs h£re 'vJ"''J:n togcthet and pr:e:s.ented 1.n c1 pcetic, al.rnosttt .1Jpnot.1c .. ::::t:, le, de .spoke of tiie r•.:spect we ai"' t.1uf,:r1t ::.o give our So.rth !•1o Lher ::ti% 'She '1.-1rmo•1ious wasy we can Hct.lk wi. th err d teci beings. He ta 1 ked of pt,ycholor;'Lcal survival in the wh1 te ::,oc.1 et-,y oy aJ.101-s~ng ourselves to USP cert;.->ir tr.ing~: wh~_()1 tnr1t society offers. "Because of the aJr~lanes, a lut of us are here today to 3hare with each other. Th"..:e c,re tne thing..:; we can u;;;e to our benefit.'' Hegard.1.ng the con!,r:;t]vati.0~1 of ent. . r·r;y, he ,·1ot8d the w~:{ . ) i . 1 \1b 1cn we a.re c-wt ionPd to buy ::.irna.Ller' cars, ~rd to reiuce o~r speed limit i~ order to 1 on. erve the quickly dc:;)leting resour·c2:s. ".t. 'rn in favor of e;oirw the other way 1 11 he ~·aid. ''I tnink we H1ould all buy eight cylinder cars, race them up and down, use al] the gas up. Then we can get back to Thurmar Bear Lold us to th:nk of iifc in Louay's society "n the :image of a cer:1.m:i.c structm·e. T:--ie base of the struct,1ce .iS : rac'<sd, and it is within tlw crack:.; that thy.,.~ l02;~Lca.l si.1rvi.val c.an exi~t }.11 parl,. Going to a disco dance, he said, ~= '~qrv .i ving ir; the cr\..1C~<:-;; ing ~.. ..._.!· plane to at tend a cor ferencf'· :::.v t( , , people at a creat distance can ~~rP what we ~~n0'N is a form of '::'t:rvl\ l ",t h But t,r,e s:rncocl; part of the cer2:,n~ ,, ture ~ t11f: f> t:::ce ttd t {!~1.s r~ev er :)t.,t~r; marr:d by contact "nth thf fore1 ·, Euro;:.if~?li c 1..1,.!,.tu . . )e i_~,. that p.1:=ice c;f ber~·~,. ~ler~ l.Lf0 .1;'.' Cl-~-~ it 1..-.as ar11..i wil . .~ . . . e~ can move b<c:tween twc i~or-lc\;, we (' , 1 1 'K•. r<...:w fr<.)rt\ the \11--;_i te ,.::v.l t.uc..; ~. :i . tt1ou t L ~ fear of riskllit';, to T.hc V'lnL of lo::.~ 0•1r true :i.denU.ties. The ~1ichipan Corr,mi.-,sion \At Ind:c.ct,, ;t{ L,ir::: Coni'<?:rr>nce brought t ,-:~etl,""· ter-n- niques for su~vival i n ~ it0 ,.i th soci~Ly, it ttL ge;-•t ~, 1 ancestral ,·.:minder of a i1ay whi::::l dof~s and ,vill .;J.l.v:ays sttrvJvc; tlHJ i, but c1 lso brought 1 of the Anishnrtwbe. the ways we were meant to be living.•, .he deeply i:1'.-;pirtng Traditiona] ist h'ay was coupled 1-vith the factual review ~Jf the many prograr.D design,:,u for the :-,;oc ial I felt botL :101Jored and proud L_, a ... '"r\l· thi.s annual mr·eting. Arid I .say 11 r"'-'egwetch" for l:1avi•10 0een g:veri a .L<Au; among you, t:.o taik i-nth yY1 1 to ~· r ,- wE:11-be:ing of Native Arneri.cans. The progr:1ms are :i..mp eme 1tea t,y fn1<1~· from the ucated by you to the :immense tF µtL powet' :,n·d be duty of your wa;i ..s, government and the fund are proc.ire-. through t:w wr-i (.,i.ug and submiss:;,oo of oropo~als. It is necessary to deal with thP b:..1 c·a...lCr<=tCY; tc, r:o,np.:...:!J', .s ,)ol.r S,1 ! ey from tUo .. se c,11,_. �wli..) r 1...:pre::.ent':d the ~:;oc:ial Secu.r1 ty ()ffi:P rna<.18 tni;::~ r11.~-r-ak,.:;:., l'.')l.tt. ·~)f }.r::norett•Cf.:1~ of ·.~ .. :king an Eldt--:r if ht:'! was an A.meric&.n. h wori,,m c:; t.ooc! ,111d salt~, H\;J{~· a.re the J.\r:.i ~>l...,na1. 1bt~ t 11.s C;c.-· :tc.1..r~al People. ArJd yet.. ask .if wt? art'\ Arnerj_can::/? v;e ctr,,.:; tLc fir~:.:;t Air1erica1J . H 1V'rif'-:;.._r•l·'.-;-1:::;;t.·e·,l 0 •Sk'"'d. t!·c ... ~~t.c. .,(:,;.~ .:i...,V 'J . i,.~ r··, ., ... ·•·1 ;:;:;:;::""T·:,,..; J._ v J:.L... ·. .....,_ '-"' ,_. 1i. 'lE:n 'l ",J. i1 .,. the question refused to gi~e hj.s attent:: on to the v.i::::e wor,js c,f thJ.t., woman, and he turned his h0ad to spebk with sorneot:e c1.::;e as she talked on. Many Elder~:·. ~1p0ke at d1.f'i'er·Bnt mecr/1nr.s2 ti 1r- ing tl,e three day conference I and I was gl:Jd that t1ob~·1 Ba.iiey, \J~cti ''i.F.; ~;·rector of the Comnlss:i0n; 'i<lt°to moder-at( ci the panels, often inclL"cied comrnt''nts froni the Elders wcien they had talked witll him during the bre.~k.s. 1 The Traditionalist guidance of the Conference was very strong. Hank Huff 1 Mouze Pa.mp, Thune.an Be::w, John Bailey, .s.monc c 1:hers b::-•ought es!::ent.J.al spiri.tua.l meanJn1:~ t0 this gathering. I was deep]y mov~d by ~, talk given by Thurrnc1n lJear. ~r,ir.i t,uali ty and politi.c~ were ,.;oven tcJgether ::rnd presented in a poetic, almost•hyµnotic, style. He .spoke of tl,e respect ;,,1e are taugtn, to 1J;"i ve our Sar th Mother, and the hdr'monious wasy we can \·Ldk wLth cr(cat/.;;ci beings. He t.aJked of psycholog:i.cal Si.lc- vival in the wh1te ::,oc.:i.ety by aJ.low}ng ourselves to usf> cert2ir U:in.g~, wh~_c/1 th~t :·,,::,ciety offer's. 11 Because of the air\)lanes 1 a let ef w: are here todc:..y to ,;hare 1rr~ th each other. Thc.-;e are the thing.s we can use to our benef1t. 11 Hegard1ng the con-- ~,ervat:i.on of energy, he noted the way~, i.1 1-ib1ci1 we ;p"e c-1t. t ioned ~,o buy ::.,mall er' cars, u1d to re1uce ou~ speed limit in order to con.;erve the qui.ck.Ly dc,)1.eting resotU"'ces. "I 'rr· in favor of e;oing the other way 1 11 he said. ''I think we cr1ould all buy ei.ght cylinder· cars, rnce them up and down, use all tbe gas up. Then we can get back to the ways we i1ece rneant tu be living . ·! said, th,:; statisU.cs which the govc r"~~l:.r., fcry Tt. ~-S rur'·h<:ar n.ece~:'-liLY "nM i, 1· t1.) prc:po~.)1.... "L.::; !' b:J t- :,,Jc" s11ould 1:c-cp :;..11 our r:::j_, .:ft ·1 that all uf the~c thing6 O~LY serve t~ tc.kt (. t·l.rc ()f rnat.eridl. needg.. A tn.n'.;rt'. d funded prq:ramD opera'~1ng suc:.:P"si'u.i. ·~y sti.l l do ~c"1ot. spe.a.i\. fvr the d2LI...-(~st n':.~'~d..s o the pr~ople ~ ?01~ tr.1 s rc.:-=;..son 1 v,c c · ther ~j tur:eth.c~:·· on 'Thur . .;day night to fe~~- thP pulse of the Drum, to dance .1.n homage (.. f 1..~he Lonf.\:,:~st 1Ja:k, to pray 1r1 the N~t..1 ve ::...:-:nf_r~iage ~ For tb is ~e:13on, to 1, 1.-' _tic.- tened to the council of the Elders anJ learned frorr:i Lhe:i.r c•xper:i.er1(.e 2nd -·)J.. . . -d, ,tn ~ The iieart and spirJ t of' th(:; Nishnawbe art:. carried ~ithin the history. the LradiMions the LJru.rn 1 tile Pipe, tfw :;acred de.:, ces and sor-gs. Thurmar: Pea:-' told mi to thi :1l" of life tn t,ocJay 1 s society in the :image of a cerrnnic str-...:ctur-(~. The base of the struct0r~ ls rra~e~, and it ls within the cracks ·e,h:ci t l;, y .,t. ...'logica.l s,:.rvival car1 exi6t :1n part. Going to a disco dance, he saiC, is ·~1irv..Lving in. the cr·~c!<~; t. ing a~1 ~-;r . . . plane to at te:nd a cor fcrencr-- s0 tr · r people at a great aisLance can shdre what. we ~~no'N is a form of ·::urvhal. But. the s:moot.l: part of' the cecz.:r.:;,.., , r•t ture, the: p l.:c\ce tl.".d t has r,,.over ~t-t:r, marred by contact with t/1f focc,t;~ Euro;~ f.?n ci.1.,..tur)e .i.s tttat p.lace .;f be:rt... . . J ~'\JherP life 1.2 o.~:1 i.t i-Jas an,. . wil.:. be. · t·\. 1 C:{-ln raove bcti-1een t1/iO wor·lci ..3, vie? (\...1r1 bor rcw frorn the ;ihite ::ult.ur>,2 ,,;j_thout t• c fear or riski1ig, t0 the pci,1t. of' lo.c,..,. o•u· true :LclenU. t1es. The ~1.ichi.gan Commi.3sion cin lndi.,:iit Af - f;:.;ir::: Con:t·er<'nce brou13ht L)C',etlwr tecn-niques f,.::,r- ,'>lIT'vivaJ in wl'.i. LC: socic Ly, but .1lso brought i-ith it th,_ ge,·•t1 1 ancestral 1·emindE.r Of a HJy Whicl ..oc~.'...:.. doe!-) and rVill <:ilv:ays ~~u.rvtve; t.l1e w 1 of the Anisnnawbe. I felt botL :io11oreci and proud Lu 2 ~- r nc; tbi.s annual meeting. Arcd I .say 11 f"t·''C::0 :'he deeply i,1'.3pir:i.ng Traditionalist h'.::q was coupled with the factual review ~Jf the many pr0grar1.D design,:;d for the :::ocia.l wE:11-be:ine of Na ti ve Ameri.cans. Tbe programs are i..mr,leme'1ted by funds from the government ancl. the funds are procure,! through t.bi:i wr-i ting and submission of proposals. It is necessary to deal with thP hctv ec.1.ucracy; to ccrnpilr-: 1 -S Johe :J,:1 .: ey r..:--- velop programs, c,v:;~ b~d~ets, •ubs~t gwetchn .for havirig been g~.ven a pL,c.: among you, to talk with yY..1 1 to 1>e c.-.,- ucated by you to the immense at,pth ,tn,i power and beauty of your wa;s. Thi~:1 "._j,)on, frorn 810.~S(' �~:e ***HOSS 1·1i)RGAN OF' OUR STAFF, RECENTLY RF; INTEHVIEdED DH. RICHARD FLANDERS AN 1\flCBEOLOGIST AT CHAND \/'Ai.LEY STATE COLLEGI:~:S. HET1E ARE 80!'-iE 1~XCf;:Rf'T? F'HC}J only h1im:1;, re,r,a:lns ,.tla~. ',ie decll. ,.Jith h.e:-·e at t.hf~ collnt},:) nE~ far, c.L: ,}u~ de~lart1ri~)nt (lC ES, are !1un:an rcn1a:~ns, r.L,:,+.., ArJe·~·i.cc-n1, fr.:);T1 T½AT lNT";VtE~*** ;.~crne other pa..:---t. of :.~he 0r. Richa:d Fl3nders - RF Mr RM Ro~'.:s Morgan are used for- te.:i(~ning 3f ts to c·.::~c.:1~ peo:)J c. in pb.y·sj.c~c\J ant. .hrcp~,1c,_gy. \'V~:: Ge n,Jt dis-play an ..v t..:.1:i.nf~, ar,d "\'Je have :-10:ne .rc:rr.;.a_if1.~.; he.re, of C(Jt..LC'Sf."':, a.s I' :n suce ycY1..! are a::1i:1.r:.~:, do n<_;t. di.sp12y 11un1an 1~e:na1~1~:;. 1 1 £-i'r;0 ti-iP .. .-e 'v"' 1)r'lLi.. 1 •• HM: How do you ar·cheol.ogist,s ha:'ld.1.e l)urfal natcrial? RF: The work ·we h2:ve <lOnt" in tt11: re-cent past ... I'm not talking i,t,uut twen- ty yc~rs ago, out about the last five or tei. years i lr, f,,.ct. tt,e law nas no!". been in cffc,ct ti:".at long •.. our prc....:educe :i..s to try to s ..ilvage anything ths.t; .Ls in danger of complete <.lcstruct.ior,. i\nd this inea.ns salvac;e of burial ... "if sornecne run:.:; in to n burial Wl-~ \-J'I.11 sal~:ag~ It) we \f!j~ll keep th€ 1nat,~::rit.} 1 ;,,1e ,!Ll.l .'..,tu,iy ·i.t sc5.&ntifically, E,nd t.her; whattver the a~thorities say shoJlct be (ione 1...:i th i 1 t . h.a t' ,3 \·Iha t 1-·lf; cL. ;. 'I\1J ti it t<1ck t(·· !:he peop1.E tt1a t cla.irJ to Le Uie ae::;c,1;dert:3 or the pec,pl·· the Dk,- ,, tf'cL: 1 r·epr',:!sen:;s but ·~1r1ich we have tc, 11 L 1 of probat)1.y Ab1')rig:Lnal .'1mor·:ic:ms, .;.ut th:, only way that Ile kn,:,.,, the:, are I LS tr1 r·ougli ouz. . f: t.:.id;t cf thf..! renr3.i ns.. There~ is no r1Drk...,. er. Tht:::re i::-1 no v1rt.t t,er. rf·t2{)f'd. Tht:?r'e :L~:= no th in,g tba t VJC c2.. n pciti t to to sh\j~'y tna t. tJ1ese ar·e i\bor.if;ina..;_ t\rnc.i.: .l.Cr.lns ~ . •~, ·~1 •• T;.,1~_,; 1··. ~ .)¥-...:: ..: .... U"1· .; l "'r,J. +-,,_, h.. .1C,... mL....1...l.!l' ~ ,.~ .(t,.11..: i ... _,_ .~ \.A',.,.I,. ..:,,_,,; .... •R most. ;.,odern peoplE. arc1' t too 'cer.ibly cor ,... .,. .._ ,--( 0 4 · ~..A... :1 ~. cerned with ~he stJdies. but they are co~cernecl ,dx•ut the non ,.i~e-o._;.x·iaL:L Pf: Why? Rl'~: WcJ.J.: because cf' the.i.c religio,,s and SPi:t'ttual a.t titudes, ·rhey thiLk that at ~. he end of tt 3 tticy ( dot--l 1<Yril; i. t nr:1y take, r don 1 t kncn\, ...... i.t nLl.t;ht tal·:c ::r. H~ <'.i year c-r ~.-.i~,o re f:i.:r,1~Jb s\,,udy or~ s.._,1i1tet.hJng) ... ~ RF: it.,~: At le3~t that, y~s ... biJt. t.h.eli they ft;E1 r.Jl~~-L the prcve is tht case. ;,~~;1.nJ.~~ns ,,M: We1l 1 i.t may be r,n..J.t tLey are rnJ1. pr ::sen+- ;..~escer.det1t~3 e;{act.1.y, ou-c, neV(!l~t.nele~k:; t..,t:J..rsons a.r,:l concerned a.bout. RF: sf.i01)l.~~; ~~-1."fc:t')•;;,,t. be re-,ourie<i;; Well, I'm not sur~ where you're coru- ini£ frcrn, i.f ycLt .~-:~:. . } t!'1r . V3.rious pc-:::op.Lt:. o.r f~r(:i..lp':: of y~c1p:e :,r ~1n.Jt.cv-s-r, '-.i1~·n t.al ~ .:,, bu;,;, L ...... HH: PeopJ.\:? in Micbtg.f.tt1 ~·.hJ.. nk tJ.1at "~·;·~·:1 .. Arid people ~I{~ other r.)ar :~~. of tl:ie cotAtitr>/ fce2. tb.e Si:u.te .'./OU lC j .. n. vJe11,. I 'rn not surr; ex3.(.. t.1..y w-ria+_ IO tb'if' ca.De t bec;-:iu.s;~ tt1e o:·J.y 1··1)~ ... ~ !::0n t r:r::\y \,/:)uld k.roi'i;. ~. that pet~t1onD cone;,;.1.:. .e-...1 ~t(}Uld kno\•I.,.,tl·1at t.hi.;:. ur:tteri.el yt"":U fd.:c ~,.:'J.~:~ tnaL mjgh; repre~~nt their ti .E· t.,; ... -:.:~k t-10 ct>. Otherw t:;:.,,_~ 11r~ob}.f,Ll .. "\:'"{)\l? ve:- t~ 1 )t t.w·o 1' optJt,ns; you c.Jn s-'1.Y .ar~_yt~ning hurnar1 rriust Lt., 1.et'~""; sea.}';; pre ..-h.1.·-:Lor·l . . . ~\:::.e2~;.,,::Ltn 1 ~ r ycr.; Cr.;J' 8,.ly i .f S0frh:!thint~ .1.S gciinr; Lo b,~ de~:/l.roycC:t ;.n te1 rns ::Jf htH!1.ar, rernc.:.inD, 1 1 well, Abori~inal remains well, you've gvt tirn·option of ::ic.ying .it 3.,d look:ia,; at it and telling what .Lt i.:;, or telling whaL we can abo~t what it is, :;,,,r let cne b'.1llcto~:.£;r go through and r:i.. p it out and tear it up and spre~d it out ,.;,nd ••• T~ie possibility of destruction or the pos.J;hility of the n.,t.ention of scme infc,rmat.ion about it, that's the opt.ic,n. RM: Okay. It's just th~t somet~mes there•s a question that the d1.fferent rernain.J ct0 not. t;et re-buried- 1·hey get 3t~"'.ck in a museum in glas.:, cases c1nd tJ.ir11:_,s. HF: \./1 taH: d.bou t r,ewa, C~.:L,.;,.t·J:~, er Pct.::'\t--JC..i.0Cn:i burLa1sr- c.~:J-· tom:: 1 ive'1, CJ*.K.f you ~{not..J, but t:J··,:. p~<Jp.~c, don't r~ally RM: Tff: R~f: m62n much :o be because ... Hod,,rn. people livli1,1 today. O.K. 1l1at at ti:e end of a !3L,L~dy, the rt;,.., xna.ine sriould be r e-tn_,c:l..ed., 1 That's a f;en- era.l statement. RF; Let's bt:: thec;re ·;:~tcal about tb:. s. it· tiy tbe study we can riet;,.:.:rmine •• 1.et's say that these remain3 ;:. 1:,at rn'.<:' bee:i found, that have bt~.:=.:n t;a.l\ra2£ed ~ ,, thest~ are ;..:ti[Jes ¼here somecme nas du,\ a huuse fourH.i,:: t1un or done ,:wn,e b,.iJ..l.dozing or oug an agricultural fteld or sc,rnet.r,.il1g li~~e tl13t, where thin.gs hd.ve beer; i.:ur ned up th:::,,t. art' .., . . ; ...,. t 0 l\r• . . . . t :.,,..,..,lr,a· l"·1·1 f•'7°'.,..._ <:'-r'"\'""" ;;..~~,~ 1· r ~"" .; ,. . t..'e c'le..::, ·J., 'v'\,. _.,;.j,.,'.) ...;,..n,.,1(.,. L lr,::i t:,O ..ti..1t:., Ji,, done about them. ,t~ .. l,.;J .J....:..) If by study of the re- :na ins i1E, ca.n determin<"] 'what 6 roup the:,,'" De:.ong to, then I 2e-e !iotning \"irong witl:. Uie turnirg bac:: of tt,e reniain.s to :,ome �k,;.nC of ,-; .J•"'gated auth0r1 ty and I'm not ~ure who that wouJ.d be of people living Jn tl:n1; are~ at the present tLmt,. This 60,000 FIJHT INDIAN FISHING RIGHT Petitions signed by 60,000 persons see ing an injunction against unrestricted <'ou:; ,iot mean that we can prove. • j n !n()~-:t ca3es. at lease; ir, some cases t1e· gill netting in the Great Lakes Inl l .JP presented in a Fecteral Court this we.el~, an official of the Michigan United C,Y1- b t thj_ ·~ doe5 not mean that we c&n ,:,rev .. t ,. /· tbt. !JE- rcmaint; b"~l ong to ~ne pr 0p' >:: t-, ·• ~ are cL:1iming them in ter,11s ,a • servation Clubs said. of' bei,'.g ancestor;:;, of being descendrmts of' t11e,se :-•eopl e . d~: 7 J)' 1 t think most of our people .• N, <-::;.\ e Amd.:: cr.m peopoJein th.is end of the co 1.mtryside •. ar•e t.oc <::ontent to ha "6 I as l t r, ay l)c> "'"' , .. 3y t':'u· "'OP "'a" s -. iCl er s b..J U"1-l'Jried a,iymore either. They ',,,,..,, 'l.\. tr. , ..,-,.. ,... t f ,.,. L'i·il-" ...·. d;;t.., ~11a ~ s gno\1. e.1• ther, or get:!r2.lly -:·eel tNi.t that 1 s someone else 1 .s ... ,,,. ~ ~ _,_.-_ J ... . \:... j .I The petitions are to be given to thr, District Judge Noel P. Fox in Grand Rapids, urging him to enjoin Indians unregulated commercial fishing un~i 1. •,r.( question is settled in court . .. ,;,; (...- The group clubi:i Well l thi.:11< th::. t thr, 1..aw, as j t 1 s ~ritt~n now, appLi~s to nll burial m&t- j_3 an organization of out.de·, more than 100,000 n]embers 'ili th '< --~ 1 ~F: TREATMENT OF INDIANS SHOCKS FEDERAL . •r·i 11, E.ncl I don't tntnk j t: s limited. Tr.1.,.-~, . F' j . ~ , ~,c,, ,o k ,o , 1.n :..a, ~, .., J..•m t.ed to early The federal judge hearing MichiganE. 1r.:, trial on Llclian fishing rights says lf£tgonized" over the case and its po;-,:.i b -,., -. . '-r· .• .»> " ia.,4. w""'..... ,s::n ..we wou1d encounter ;r; Inc:ian .• t:ative kneric,rn bur·i ::i 1 ttie. e tl8.:.' n~1t the cor::3trL--:tJ;n upo;'-~~' or the r e~, Lri c tion upon the people work, r,g ,,:i. +,h the :nateri.al, or let's say for Ell ~..,,on,. - - - 1:-- ~"'- • • ..:, • .._. r "'t ,. ' "'J... O ,,ct,,t-. tY' ·i~J"..,.,r011~ie.· ... -. ....fl1;':',, I ..) \ .,.) ,f--1 .... " l . . -,-:,,..., l "-" 1. h . t.,.. . f' -.... Aci.i1 .. .,~~ ~ t..; ~ .Jvc.. t, ._- ·_ .··: .... ,-- • ..,~ ..... , !'13.ppenE.:C; to ;,~ l i...\ti;; ere,,: <-~,··r· tl1e ,,.,,_'. r:,n .. , ·,\ ',o rh.,V1..,.y cr1ief ,'tate Pol:L''e. • .:. s:.1 c , w>?-.1...L t -r:,c. ..,use it appear:. to - t, '. 'J.:.e ifo had four;J .:.,QUIP but+:,on~: ,1.10 1Jlt 1 e- rd t.: i1.GS 1-· '.:e t.1& t. ~l"'d 3. casket, v!· the mold, th::1 r.en1aiL.s of L.f1e ca.s}~et hey ~:~Hd ~t ·, 1 bee au.::.e t.hi.s appeal's to It. ,fudge Noc.l Fox also said t:.his week r t read many 19th-century accounts of t. ,, Ind:tan tre1.L:i.es and is nappaJJet'.'!t< a L"·1~ DO L-:...I }' .Lt1fi ... · .,,,~~ d.?t-:<.. 1n l~b ... , w.: d10 run :i.nto an arJ · 3e~ t .r>r bu1 al. It "a;, a chilc .. . { t :t ;~1 t. nd I t,,as advJ. ::-:-ed bv ~)1e oeoi e 'h, t i.;:.. 'C j n charge of th..,, ;.,h'.)le ·;ro. ~<- national implications. t l le p0.1:.ce , • h w,.en ,_ "'" o.i·r -., "'-'it"" ;n t~ac'· AX.i"''i'\--,~ - .,. • .. , - .,· a S1..1ro,,~:rn bi.J.t'l2l." :\r.d I do:-i't a ree ·L 1...h thclt 1 Lt1e!". I ,,.,.j·_ nk t.t1aL ary rn.· n2.n .·~"rn:im; shodld be 1''0.tlLC:Ci ~.ri l,lJ the SO.F:r.:. 1 ' ,t c,r~ e•,,.iect, nc, .a.:Ler,...d it cu1 •. o·it :_2,.,u, that "··"~ co1.,1:..a tra1...e bacv 1 1 , 11 ·· 'c4r•tlC..J.' ::.ir tliff·" al be,_',.USC Lhere .rers l•.:: f'' ''l ,: cec.)rds 2..1d i-1e ia1eh 1vhc "'.:. b·) •. vigh:l. to. Sc ·he poli.ce came in, i.t .·:t.1 cs-ouried and 3:) forth. When :·cu',·~ Jrjali ng wi tb soe11ttii. tg tnoug11, J or 3)0 yeacs ~ld, there ~s no arsoJ E- ~ ay t,C l.<i("r-t .i'y ~US., e:r,;1c~ 2.:: ioi ,_, t.:.3,.;, -:-( JfJ~ ~-· wer. . "",.J.•. bovernment:;; broken promises • Fox made the con11N~nts on last day c'· imm ,y :in tDe comp Li.ca ted ·:c. se, whicl 1 Feb. 27. A dec1.sion :Is not <.:xpect<·,J lJ ~ ~ t'. ' early r-1:;:xt year at the soonest sL ce .c~1_.- tor;.1eys for t:ioth sides n<::,iv rnt,st :-"i~.,l tr.taJ briefs. 1 Jua.:-;e F(r~ sttit1 T\.:e.sct1.v ne felt tl1e ca:·J wa . :; nextrao:rd:i na. ryH. n .L '-ve ag0r~izecl cnrer this r:;ase e\rer :-~ n,.. . . ,_ J fir.s~ ..b.ear:t tbe plea.:;.. It invcJlVes ~~ ;.;t·oblems of Tndi.a.,,., not only in tl.e but in srlvera.- L;tates, 0 h.0 said. I;., Judg~ ~ox sui~ he l1ad read several t~LL c1 incJ.uding 0 v::::i from .L83b and 1830 CiK •. OE:er. c1 ted by a Wayne State Unj_ver:::,•. ~ .• L tcry professor and other expert r.vit,r1 0 ,, tr1~1r1 "'·p;..,alled <.it- thcn~,u he sc.id. ' '( ~ 've read t,,Jctt;; cr·oKen ser·ivUSl)r and l. \ here Jc:;t,n J �I.ike to say congratulations to Carol Ha:rrington because she was just appofoted to t.i1e Grand .Rapids YMCA - Boar·d of Directors. I1er term exp.ires in March of 1981. Good going to you Carol!!! ©@© MYTHS SURROUNDING INDIAN WOMEN "Pity the poor squaw, beast of burden, slave cbained under female law from puberty to grave.n The.anonymou~ author of these lines displayed a misconception about the lives of Indi2:n women which is not only prevalent in nonI1nian society today, but which has also had a destructive influence on the contempory roles and aspirationn of Indian women themselves. The famj."l iar image of an Indian woman as a suller: drudge who lives out her days "in a powerless and subordinate existence, is ow:· which was first fostered by wt;ite male h5-stor.i:i.ns and missionar~.l'lS, who inter;);··eted what they f,aw j_n Indian society from tbE: i r mm framework of make supcr2..ori ty. ·:he other less common, bcit every t·i t as persistent myth surroundj_ng the Amer.L.,ar. Indiar; worm'tn .is the vie"' of her as a mysb:ri.ous, untamed, intrigui.ng creature who possessed a kind of unearthly quality. In most tr·ibes, the Wt):nan coulG under no conditiona be deprived of her belongings by her gusband, even if their marriage was dissolved. Di vor'ce was a simple matter which could be initiated either by the wife of the husband; in tpj_ bes where women owned the home and its contents, the woman could divorce her husband by placing his belong-·· ings outside tl1e door, and he had no choice but to comply. Foltowing such a divorce, the man or woman w;:,.s free to remariy. In her book, 'Founding Motherr, ! , written about colonial women, Linda Grant DePaw states that Indian women had greater economic, social, ancl political status than colonial women. The mothers of the tribe often had the final say when the warrl.or's council disagreed, and they could stop ly the tribe from going to war by r·efusing to Pl'O\'ide trail rations and moccasins. '£T1i.s :i.magc was perpetuated by careless ob- They also had the final sa.v in the fate of captives taken during the war. Native Amer·ican women were also less economically de-pendent on their husbanus. The economic • .secu1~ity of the tribe, i.rn.portant male re11. ati,. ve~~ ~01 n ~· · '" t·o , .i.~.,.,, ... ne woman 1·r someUung hap- :3..:'.\1·\/fn··s a.nd unif\.::r!n·ed person::.., and has ,.:ctdc; i 1· .s way :int.act into the 20th centucy \0 a~p8ar in filGs and television. It vorce hel pect the Indian wc;iman maintain a strong and independent nat,.ire. 1H.~, had a profound ef{ect. on t.he lives of lndi an womf:n in U,e way we are seen by ,,lie 1'e$t of the; wor.ld, and the way we sef.: vur!:3 ~~ 1 ves. ~-1:my Inr1ian women of my genera tlon have up believing the Hollywood version nf male.--female re1.a t,:Lon.3h5-ps among lndi an .:,eop le; tta t tbe women wa]_ked th r·ee pace,-:; behind the man to show d~terence to him :tnd acl<ncw}edge his s..1pc!rjor·i Ly. Actually, , .:~ reason tr1at the Indian ma le preceded tr1e fema 1.e was t.o pr,. tl..c t her fr·om unc•,: pec ted danger in the wilderness, to make t!.' ,.;ay safe for her, as the <:lder.3 have scribed it. fN>Wn 1( pened to her husband, arid the fre,~dom t-c di - ,, b.ace l into . ~oJng hist~ry to the different •·»1.·1-aJ ,,,,·-r· '"' \..·,i. · •· creo t· · ivo1nen 1'.Jlo.y · ,.," u.. ~ .~ ~·l..J 2.e.:.-, · i.cr1, key roles. ~Toan L.sr·rar,ce. of the 'u'"i·t·""ct -i·1d; . . , of All Tri1;es Foundatton, has wrj_tten that ,:,l,- ~,e, '"e-,m~· ' ~ - •' ·· " usui.t1J.y ·· · · •• , , .<:.11.e p1;:;r.sun L, t.t1e primary force :i.n tbe creation of the livinu wor 1cl EarU1 Mother br:irn:•s rc,,~:.f,, 11· f',,, .'~~(·' ');<·,.·~ 1. ,., ::; 1~ 1 wor~·s along wi. th male r\)rce;3, and of ,~en she appears as tne s t.r·ong force. n ... .1 'j ,;;:;:J 4, ,l ....... .., .. ~- ·--"' -~a. \.,; ...,,,.11, ... .L...l,.\ooo, !_. \ This is a sharp contra.st to the Chr'istian story of creation, wherr the creating fot~~ 1s a cJc1l0 idenC.ty, ard create~, womc;_n .r'ro:..; man. �'TIS THE SEASON. TO BE JOLLY l OR ~' ,S.1. Ari A;/: moth~:r lives in a mobile l' c .e In_ dian woml:n neec5 not s trur~ <-0u·.L· r> - w1· th. th · .e quespark about 10 miles south of G.R. T1, tion of whether God is male or female; they late Nove,mber her young daughter v, "" ,are a part Jf creatjon. hit by an automobil~. She was r·1.~. e. to t.he hospital. Learr,ing that .,' W:: tJ·,in traditional rel.ig:;. c ,. ,s ceremoni e;-3 and daugh f~er would be ho.spitalizea :tt he~ling rituals, Indian woml'm stiJl have least a month, the mother dec:i.dec.i tc, m~Fr rc,1es: Howe'11::c, so much of ~he operstay wi tl1 some friends in the ci t:J f' ation ot tnbe;3 toaay has been drastican,1 ;f ~ltered and influenced by the domination 1.~uropean poli tj_ca.:!.. and 1 sy·~r,:,ms • -"'-cc··,"" ..., ..-~I..• •..,.,...,. •.) V'-" ')' that in ar(;;aS relating to cmi-'loyment arid edu~ation even i-ri.th; ,1 her- ovin tribe. an lr,d:Lan WOmar1 d:; fficuI tie~3 f'ar-e"-' -1-h,c, <>arre ·)ly•tacl e"' c.o~f;:ct:tea'"'o;; 1to;1:India;; that she could be near the hospita\, since she has no car. Shortly af't~r, the park manager called her and said she'd bet.ter re- a11rl turn home~ as water was gushing ou-! .l T~~ot~!e· 1. T_he .i--,r· 1- : :::.u: es of Lc. 1.:iiar, JCc,nomic and ..-:;o:::Lal se!~,.ri(.;•.: pr·oo·ams, rnos t of which are f,::;i:ralJ.y funded .s.nd of<::en developed by ron·- of her trailer. Rushing home in· cab, she arrived to find that h·lll water pipes had broken and th.-,.,.; gas and electricity was shut off they could be hazardous with U,< Ber insurance corr , Indian planners, :l.::i b&.sed on the usual vertiwould not take care of it and Sc. ca~ ,~·arclly cf 1°"' ~ponsibH i ty, which Services said she had used up ~. ''XJ,sts 111 aJ.l other Americar corporations repair allowanc~. Merry Christ,,Y or· _in::.t.itutions, with oxscutives· at Li.e top There 's more ... ~d ceccetari~s aJ the buttom. broken pipes. ?i Her ADC check dtd not arrtve as pected. Upcn .Lnquiry, she was l that since sne was not 11 ljvine; 11 ;,orne, they were: cut ting off ·".er cue< .i<. "But I'm O:.)l, Uvlng ',d.th the 1:; l r,le) •, t:11:: mother Ll'J.ec: to ex)h "-t•s cnly so I co-":1 1>e 't!,H' rny g..1tr; ' r1,·M 11 i:.bs" .:br:._,t,m~s Season usua ... ~- / brin;:r,, ,)ut n~ "he~;\'· in ":Ven tt,• ":.1.",~;.el\,..~:~.t, , .1.J}.i.;'."li1~;, OdL. thi.s c~.1s . . 1_,. er ( 1c r.ia.k ~s ·~crooge lo'.)t{ lh:.e ''" " ,.. r;ia.use) t:o~d the mc,ther Lbat w&.:-, wr tJ'1..:'!i.l" COi"'~Ct:rn,. T!{~at's !.rlOre S}'lr~ 1 l-· .f to.ld 1 hat, LC stie was r;ot livin,.;; . , h<)r~e (1.:ti. ~r~ :- 1e..ce t D ;.10 f~:~ectrir..,.. ::o 1.1.1+:~r ar,( no ·noney for r•':.pa" 1". 1 ~r~:~;1 .,:-i1t~ ,Ja1 1gl1tcr L•JctD rel~:.isec 1 ,1;)u1d t,3J<e n,!'r <",wa~, and pur, he,· fos tee flume. And ch yes 1 ste was also told~ ~~~ since her ADC was cut orf, ca.de wculd ,.,1~m go and she t,:;, pay rhe ho.:Jp1 ta.1. b:i.H. CHEI5'il1AS, lND..1.I,i MOTHER It! LA , Lil LA, LJl. Li\ ! ! ! her ,wou::... · !"f.c.l'"' FA. 1 �l !-..J j..._ _ _ _ j ,-, r'", u, v::> ·- -·· - ·-----1 . -,. t C) rf~t ~'l I r-·)' I l ,- l ,- l' ' .::> ,, __ .._ ---· I 4 '. r- t I l ,- ,..;.... ,.,... f..... C) '-+_51 J\ \,·~--\JIl ;- I',) L,) ' °' r,\ I, j\.) ..I> (J.; l t· -· ---· - \)1 ! [\) ... "i. ---..; I\.' JC ... "-'--., . �Grand Rapids Inter-Tri/Jal Council =,¥c::::=::,o,c::::::::,c,c=~.., MW :: : • 1 ~ 756 Bridge, N .W. 49504 -M alk=::>tr oc;::;;::::,ac::: .. I,____ t~ON PROFIT ORO. U. S. POSTAG!: PA ID j PE~MIT NO. 690 Ca.AND RAl'lOS. M•r• • ADDRESS CORRJ!:CTION REQUES'J1ED Issac Peters 4485 Mercury Dr" w .. t:93'._,=_ :i.ocl~:-:o~d '; i-.._._ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_turtle-talk_1978-01 Title A name given to the resource Turtle Talk, January 1978 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-01 Description An account of the resource January 1978 issue of Turtle Talk by the Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Foster, Toni (Editor) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4f1c724e35f2794d0e14b591feaddbd5.pdf 736cc3ed0faf9c788eac76af0a298a9b PDF Text Text GRAND RAPIDS INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL TURTLE TALK EDITOR: toni a. foster SEPTEMBER - 77 ASS'T EDITOR: margaret sprague TOTANKA YOTANKA ' 'Let us put our minds together and see what life we will make for our children. ' ' �This Page is for Your News BOOOHOOl STATE INDIANS TO DIVIDE LlND AWARD September's herel Hurray! It's time to start buying school clothes and lli.D.Jdiu: in with the shopper's at all the various Malls around you. The Northern Michigan Ottawa Association will meet in Petoskey thi:a September to determine the eligibility of tribal members for a portion of a $1.5 million land claim settlement. School's just around the corner and soon all the children will be gone off to classes. Seems like when vacation-time first started, the children were up-and-at-them at 8:00 in the morning, (every morning). But now that school will soon be opening, it's a different story, they tend to sleep in ¢11111:00. Well, I guess that's the way the ball bounces. An estiaated 2,000 to 3,000 members of the Ottawa and Chippewa tribes will share in the money, which was authorized by Congress last year to settle a claim involving an 1821 treaty. The association noraally meets in June, but it will meet this year at 1 P.H., Saturday, September 17, at the Petoskey Fair Grounds. Anyways, I hope all of you had a really nice vacation like the rest of us did. Seeu like you didn't do enough and then you wish that you could try it all over again. Let's hope that Indian Su11111er this year will take its time and not leave us so fast. • •• • MICHIGAN'S BA.NON INDIAN FISH SALES REVERSED MUSK.IDOft - (AP) - State efforts to prevent Indiana fro• selling their fish catches drew a stinging rebuff yesterday from a federal judge. Mee-gwetchl THE EDITOR• U.S. District Judge Noel Fox enjoined the State Departaent of Natural Resources (DNR) from trying to block fish sales by Indians. He said the DNR's efforts were "blatant discrimination." Fox ordered the DNR within 48 hours to withdraw a June 15 letter from George Dahl, the department's law enforcement director. Dahl had written every fish wholesaler in Michigan. Part of Dahl's letter said "a wholesale fish dealer is ••• not authourized to sell Indiancaught fish of any species." He also warned dealers that buying from Indiana could mean losing their licenses. The new issue of Akweaaane Motes are on sale at the Center. If you would like to purchase a few, ask for Toni or Margaret at the front desk and one of them wi~ be able to help ;rou. They are on lJ&le for the price of ,50¢. ~ The judge said all dealers IIU.St be notified the June 15 letter is rescinded • Dahl did not indicate i11111ediately if he would appeal, but the judge noted the DHR has recourse in Michi.~ �·ts - if it can draw a nonnatory policy on fish sales. his ruling after hearing of testimony. The U.S. ·n t of Justice sought the on. ling was part of a five-year ttle over Indian fishing n Michigan. The main case to settle the quarrel is not cted to be tried for months. make this service available to you (our community), let's just see what we can do to help others and ourselves. This is a service that operates under co1111unity in-put. Mee-gwetchl Also if you need a ride, please try to remember to call a day ahead of time. It makes it a lot easier for us rather than have all the papers mixed up and sometimes allowing us to forget someone. See you next 110nth, e involves the DNR's ban l nets still used by Indians. ral agencies contend that .o t apply to Indians. The say they cannot be bound by shing regulations since t their fishing rights under they made with the federal nt in 18,36 and 1855. state insists the Indians those fishing rights through eaties. ember, the Michigan Supreme led rights kept by the Chip18,36 remain valid. But ision sent back to lower urts the question of whether may regulate Indian fishing ay. yesterday Fox ruled the Court decision last December supreme law of the State gan. 11 • • • • DH PART OF THE OUTREACH ~T :i.re you and yours this month. ope as we are well too, with ption of our Van driver, ollins who is in the hospital, ope that she is back with soon. Hope you get well 11 ! I ~ow we try to help everyone Lth emergency food, etc., shelves are looking kind of ely, so in order for us to Barbra Sheahan, Worker/Helper OUTRF.ACH DEPARTMENT ~ EXECUTIVE DIIUX:TOR POSITION The North American Indian Association of Detroit, Inc., is looking for someone to fill the now vacant position of Executive Director for the Detroit American Indian Center. Listed below are the duties of that position. systems, forms control, office layout, suggestion systems, personnel requirements, and performance standards, to create new systems or revise established procedures. 8. Responsible to analyze jobs, wage and salary adjustments, promotion, workflow, operating policies, budget needs. 9. Responsible to interview job applicants, conduct orientation of new employees, and training programs. Deadline to submit resumes is September 30, 1977. All resumes should be sent to one of the following addresses: Maynard Kennedy, President 16484 Bryan Dearborn Heights, Michigan 48127 or ,/./ .(~ Pray that you may relax and that the Great Spirit's (God's) strength will b e given to you. Pray that you may subject your will to the Great Spirit (God) and be free from all tenseness. Phone Number Open Dailey Meeting: Tues. Fri. 458-7175 9:00 am 5:00 pm 8:00 pm 8:00 pm Vince Adams, Chairman 7824 Katherine Taylor, Michigan WHO 4818o Owl Indian Outreach is a licensed Substance Abuse (Alcohol) Program, designed for Native Americans, and others who wish to work at the standards and level set by the program. DUTIES: l. Services in Administrative and Public Relations work as Executive Head of the Indian Center. 2. Works under the general direction of the Board of Directors. 3. Uses considerable independent judgement in making decisions. 4. Locate, co-ordinate, and utilize services of existing agencies to provide assistance and services to Native Americans. 5. Works and deals with Indian Communities, Federal, State and Community Organizations • 6. Provides assistance to Native Americans in areas of housing, health services, elderly assistance, education, legal assistance, civil rights, economic development, and the preservation of Native Culture. 7. Responsible to analyze unit opera ting p~1.6 tices, such as recordkeeping You will realize and try not to get tense. You will have no fear because you know everything will work out for the best. You will try to learn to keep your life in balance in this fast moving and changing world. You will claim the power of the Great Spirit (God). You will get back to the Great Spirit (God) and replenish your strength after each task so that no work can be to great for you to handle. OWL INDIAN OUTREACH, INC • , NEWS "How the OWL'S Have Been Working for Our Indian People." The Owl program is a way of life. It's a way of living. If the program is going to work for you and for us. We have to learn to live itlll The Owl Steps are like guideposts in our lives. They help to point your life in the right direction. Each member of Owl has to find Ms/her own way of living our program. You can't all do it the same way. It may be by attending meetings, one to one counseling, talking with others you trust. You have to live our program as it suits YOU. Owl becomes your regular way of living. My Great Spirit (God) gives me the knowledge and strength to realize the goals and goodness which He has given us, always walking in the eyes of our Great Spirit (God). We, the willing, led by the Great Spirit (God) are doing the impossible -- for the ungrateful -- and having done so much for so long with so little -- are now qualified to do anything with the Great Spirit (God). STEPS 1. We adllit that drinking makes us problelDS in our lives, and in the lives of others we come in contact with. 2. Believing in a Great Spirit (God), as we understand him. 3. Admit to the Great Spirit (God), that we are doing wrong and ask him for his forgiveness. ~. Always look back over our lives �problel!B which drinking and thank the Great Spirit the change. e Great Spirit (God) to our lives and lead us in way. be williag to forgive rs and sisters, be willing .em whenever possible. morning, always ask the it (God), to lead us the day. evening, always thank the it (God), for the things .e in keeping us from harm it (God), lead me through knowing I can't change but give me strength 1 to change the things 1y life. Keep me from harm in whatever I do. Ohl it (God), give me the need to withstand hardlost of all, help me in can, to make it in my give me the desire and • Help others whenever • • • • t~t~t.\~~•iv+~ ~/\A/\""/\1"\" • • • • ' OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGE'? ATE RELEASE ;ular meeting of the Hichi1sion on Indian Affairs, 1sion elected new officers, .rection, and will be work:o bring the Indian side of 1sues to the forefront in .ghts and legislative act 1. 1 V. Alexis of Benton Har.ously holding the Office iairman, was elected Chair:lamatioR. Ha. Viola Peter:, the outgoing Chairman moved that Hr. Alexis be elected by acclamation and indicated she would be available to help the new Chairman thro~gb any difficulties that arise. Ha. Joan Bemis of L'Anse, Michigan, was elected Vice-Chairman. Ha. Bemis has served on the Commission since July of 1976, and her election as Vice Chairman marks a new trend of ideas taking place on the Commission. Hs. Ilene Tuffelmire of Grand Rapids was elected Secretary, replacing Doris Adams of Petoskey. Ha. Tuffelmire was also appointed in July of 1976, and as with all the other Officers, will serve until the second meeting following appointment of the Commissioners by Governor Milliken. The new Chairman stated his goal while in office will be to chart a new direction for the Commission into areas of Indian concern which are vital to the Indian people. During the next year it is expected that the Commission will phase out its technical assistance role and begin concentrating on addressing the problems created by the Indian hunting and fishing controversy and itelllS of a nature which can best be addressed by working with State and Federal Agencies, the Legislature and the Congress. Mr. Alexia, a member of the Potawatomi Tribe, and longtime resident of Benton Harbor was first appointed to the Commission by Governor Milliken in 1973, and has served as Vice Chairman since 1974. He is married and has four children and has been very active in several Indian organizations in the Sou.t hwestern part of Michigan. This marks the first time the Commission ha has elected a Potawatomi person as Chairman since it beginning in 1966. •••• BEING INDIAN IS ••••• . ' BEING INDIAN IS ••• watching John Wayne whip 50 of your kind with a single shot pistol and a rusty pocket-knife on the late show. C BEING INDIAN IS, •• having at least a dozen missionaries from twelve different faiths trying to save your heathen soul every year. the "American Way". BEING INDIAN IS ••• feeding anyone and everyone who comes to your door with whatever you have. BEING INDIAN IS ••• feeling the stares of all whiteys in any public place you walk into. BEING INDIAN IS ••• having your nonIndian wife dancing in full regalia at you tribal Pow-wow. BEING INDIAN IS ••• fighting with the BEING INDIAN IS ••• knowing the Great U.S. Army to save your country from Spirit. the evils of communists, and against the U.S. Army on your reservation to keep the Corps of Engineers from ( BEING INDIAN IS ••• having a Christian missionary tell you it is wrong to stealing all your land. believe in more than one Divine Being, then listen to him tell you BEING INDIAN IS ••• having every third about God, Jesus Christ, the Holy person you meet tell you about his Ghost, the Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, great grandmother who was a real St. Patric, St. Christopher, St. Cherokee princess. ~ ancis, etc. etc. BEING INDIAN IS ••• having 9 out of --by Reuben Snake 10 people tell you how great they believe Jim Thorpe, Squanto, Tonto, • • • • and Little Beaver are. I BEING INDIAN IS ••• loving frybread ( and corn soup. NATIVE AMERICAN SUMMER PROGRAM I would like to take this opportunity BEING INDIAN IS ••• having high salaried to share with you some really great experiences which resulted from the laried BIA, PHS, OEO, HEW, and DOL summer program that the Indian students white-collar bureaucrats tell you from the Grand Rapids and Kelloggshow much money is being spent on ville public schools participated in. Indians these days. The novel aspect of the program is that it was fully developed within the BEING INDIAN IS ••• having the greatest Indian community and secondary students grandparents in the world. were utilized as corps leaders who were put in charge of about 6 students BEING INDIAN IS ••• having your teenfor organizational purposes and each age child come home from school and leader was responsible to a staff ask you about "the strange beliefs" of Indians that the teacher mentioned member. in school today. In the elementary component classes were held each morning following a BEING INDIAN IS ••• waiting (impalight breakfast and the classes were tiently) for the new Tecumseh, Osceo structured to provide extra individOsceola, Crazy Horse, and Geronimo ualized help to students in grades to appear. 3 - 6 in the areas of reading and math. A playground activity was provided BEING INDIAN IS ••• living on borrowed during the morning session. Other time after your 44~ birthday. skills that were structured to be taught during the morning session were fil;ING INDIAN IS ••• listening to all culture awareness classes in Michigan the middle-class Tontos and Uncle Indian language, Indian foods and their Tomahaw~s tell you we must do things �.on, Michigan Indian legenda, philosophy and nature study. GRAND RAPIOO INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL DU>LOYMENT RESOURCE CENTER 5. Mr. Arnold Van Dyken, President Van Kyken Heating & Cooling 623 E stern Ave. S.E. ~ irnoon -s spent participat.eld trips in and around l Rapida area after providing ;o the students at noontime. •f about 83 students were Lnts and an average of about its attended daily. 1e week of July 7 - 14, the were provided with the op' of attending Camp Innesfree •erse City. The camp was for the Native American tarticipants. About 8o enjoyed this experience. 1ping the program continued .nated on July 22, with open l an Indian feast. Staff ,nts were pleased with the · parents and interested rho at tended • · 25 - Aug. 5, activities ·ided for Indian students in - 12. The secondary strucsimilar to the elementary 1ing classes and afternoon .ps. · camp experience at Peshaw- WORKSITE · • Are you a resident of Kent County? • Are you currently unemployed? • Are you economically disadvantaged? • Will you work for S2.3() per hour until we can find you a better job? J St. Clair. • • •• Location: 756 Bridge St. Grand Rapida, Michigan. N.w., OJJS STAFF Joseph Raphael attended a workahop for the Homemaker Aides and the Community Health representatives held in lansing on August 21, to present the Juvenile Justice Services grant operating out of the Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council. There was a lot of interest expressed in the foster care/adoption component of the program. Five people requested more information on foster care. Anthony Hartinaitis - ERC Director Carlotta Anewishki - Clerical Aide Suzan Maturlcanich - Clerical Aide •work experience Program at 451-8826. Fred S. Chivis, Jr., Job Developer !Ji:mployment only at 451-0008. ERC Employment Honor Roll List From July 11, 1977 to August 22, 1977. Wanda Raphael Carol Shagonaby William Augusta Jacquelyn Augusta Jacquelyn Harris Threasa Morman We have also r .e cei ved word from the OJJS office in Lansing that they will be refunding a few exceptional programs in Michigan for 197778. The possibility of G.R.I.T.C. getting funded again looks real good. Hichigan was engaged in .ded a 3 day, 45 mile sur:e into the fields, woods, ,es of Leelanau Peninsula. ·e 27 participants in this 15 students chose to go on and 10 students persevered .d. A special program was for those young people who hoose to go hiking. .nator of the summer program · thank everyone who helped .he program a success. The , a tremendous job and the .ders · were great persons to We all wish to thank the ,mmittee of Title lV - A ,ts of the students who were ·a tive and helpful. Experience Program Qualifications EMPLOYERS We would like to thank the following Worksites: 1. Mr. Albert Willis, Center Dir. Franklin Hall Complex 4oo Franklin S. W. · 2. Mr. Ralph Benston, Supervisor John Ball Park Fulton & Valley St. NW 3. Mr. Darrel Gritter, Acting Dir. North West Center 751 Stocking Ave. N.w· 4. Mr. Larry Shananaquet, Director Owl Indian Outreach Inc. 215 Straight St. N.W. 5. Mr. David Coon - Personnel Michigan Veterans Facility 3()00 Monroe St. N.E. 6. Mr. Harley Huffmall, Head Cust. Rockford High School 4855 Ten Mile Rd. Rockford, Michigan •••• We would like to thank the following organizatiom and companies for hiring our sisters and brothers. L. Mr. John Wozorek - Personnel American Bank StatioDary Co. 3720 Hagne Drive S.E. Wyoming, Michigan J 4 2. Mr. Thomas Bonnette, Plant Mgr. Kent Casting Inc. 200 Garden S.E. 3. Mr. Louis Freyblen, V. Pres. Horgan Manufacturing 1020 Hovey s.w. 4. Mr. M.W. Warmels, President Peninsular Sprinkler Co, Inc. 61fa Ball N.E. The Grand Rapids Press has an opening for assistant in our Flair Department. We would like to consider minority applicants. The position involves assisting persons who come to Flair for marriageengagement forms, other purposes; handling a variety of telephone calls, refering them to proper person in department; typing articles for bridal tab, other Flair uses; entering articles in computer Yia electric typewriter, video display terminal. Qualifications include an accurate typing ability of at least 55 words per minute minimum, pleasant telephone voice and a knowledge of gramar and spelling to proof-read pages. �,at be an ability to know : of all aspects of Flair .ing telephone calla and the to bllndle complaints. .ntereated ins omeone who ,ng-term employment. The tpids Preas has superior dental and pension programs. .y, , E. Pelissier ,l Manager ID RAPIDS PRESS They further proved their versatility by stringing teeth, bones, stones, fossils, vegetal materials and freshwater pearls which they used for adornment. With the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, glass beads were introduced to the American Indian. Europeans traded them for furs, used them as gifts to win friends among the Indians, and found them helpful when negotiating treaties. Indian women soon became very adept with this new found craft and before long, beadwork adorned many of their personal articles such as bags, knife cases, items of clothing, and ceremonial and utilitarian objects. As the women became more skillful, the designs became more elaborate. ~IC MUSEUM HAPPENINGS! er 18 - November 13, 1977 SEARCHED EXHIBIT ON BEADS ro GRAND RAPIDS PUBLIC MUSEUM bit entitled "BEADS: Their Upper Great Lakes Indiana," 3 the historical, cultural, and economic impact of the ead on American Indians. hibit will open to the public September 18 and continue Sunday, November 13 in the apids Public Museum. Admisfree. oric Indiana in the Upper akes used ingenuity in making rom natural materials they round them. Raw Copper was d into globular and tubular and marine conch wer~ fashioned ac-shaped and tub1:.:r orna/ Beadwork became an important form of self-expression when, in the nineteenth century, Indian life came under heavy domination from the United States Government. Pressure continued to be applied in the twentieth century to the Indian populace to subordinate their own values and cultures in favor of the white mans. Many gave up their beadwork and other skills, but in re. cent years there has been a resurgence of interest .to learn again and retain their traditional crafts which resulted in the creation of some spectacular beadwork. In addition to the display of prehistoric and European glass beads and the vast array of objects decorated with beadwork, there will be a film showing beadmaking and beadworking techniques. An 84 page catalog with color plates and black and white prints of all items in the exhibit, will be available at the Museum Gift Shop. Museum hours are from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday and from 2 to 5 p.m. Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. ***Black and white glossy prints for use in publications, are available on request•••. Ni'CA attacks Deloria's Book In a letter to the Executive Director of the Field Foundation, National Tribal Chairman Association President Joe DeLaCruz said that the Foundation's publication A Better Day for Indians by Vine Deloria, Jr., contained Hmisinformation, inaccuracy and near-slander about American Indian tribal governments and their elected leaders." The letter said "this vitriolic publication plays into the hands of anti-Indian organizations whose goal is to destroy tribal governments and to claim our dwindling natural resources." NTCA asked the Field Foundation to publish refutation of the Deloria pamphlet to be prepared by a writer of NTCA's choice and to cease dissemination of the Deloria work. • • •• JUST A REMINDER! 11 The General Membership Meeting will be held at the Center on September 29, 1977. If there is to be a Pot Luck Dinner a flyer will be sent in the mail a few days ahead of time. • ••• The Indians are going outsi de the country for help because of what they call federal red tape and foot - dragging, MacDonald sai d. "We're looking for information principally," MacDonald said. "We believe they have a certain amount of information and technology that would be most valuable to us." MacDonald declined to identify the countries with which the Indians met on June 28 and 29 in Washington. He said- the discussions were 1nitiated by the Indians and that a statement would be issued after this week's meeting. Among the tribes represented in the discussions are the Apache, Sioux, Navajo, Crow, Blackfeet, Shoshone, Cheyenne, Utes, Pueblo, Chippewa, Cree, and Yakima. They represent about two-thirds of the Native American population, and their reservations are spread over 10 western states from the Dakotas to Washington and south to Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma. According to estimates supplied by a spokesman for the Indians, about 8o percent of the nation's uranium reserves and about one-third of all the low-sulfur strippable coal in the country lie under those reservations. • • • • AMERICAN INDIANS ASK HELP OF ARABS Denver - (AP) - Twenty-three western Indian tribes are seeking the help of Arab-dominated OPEC nations to develop vast uranium and coal reserves beneath the reservations. Two meetings have been held in Washington between representatives of the Council of Energy Resource Tribes and six member-nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, an Indian spokesman said. A third meeting is to be held there this week, said Peter MacDonald, tribal chairman of the Navajo nation and chairman of the Council of Energy Resource.Tribes. California Indian Days (Sept. 23, 23, 1977) Indians of California ~ill host their first cultural fair this year at Cal Expo, Sacramento. The Inter-Tribal cultural exchange is sponsored by the California United Indian Council, Inc. and the California State Department of Parks and Recreation. Traditional Indian dances and handgames are planned for the event and traditional food will be served. In addition D.Q. - University will stage a benefit concert. �;ion ,mes ,ney Lted dances 'Ifill be staged during Indian days vi th totaling S4,625 to be to the vinnera. ,11 be 11 contest divisions. l drum groups are Mocking Bird 1 Be.y Area and Oklahoma Inter38.y Area. All drua groups ,ted to participate. discrimination as 11e11bera of a special ethnic group vi.th no equal rights. However, the Native Aaerican WOll&D who walked aide by aide with the Native American man during the "Trail of Tears"• in the early 18oos was soon to fe•l the impact of a dual discrimination. To UDderstand the role of Native American women, we should keep in mind the fact that the process of "civilizing" in our country was equated with Area Gourd Dance Society is the process of Christianizing. Since ltured at the cultural ex"Western civilization" noted a division 1vents. of labor by sex, the missionaries thought it unfitting for the woman areas and rations will be to labor and till the land while the l to all participants. men hunted, defended, and participated in ritual duties. The Jlative American td by: California United woaaan like her white pioneer counter~ouncil, lli<>9 32nd St. part was to undergo a complete reito, California (916) 452modeling of sex roles to become a i the California Exposition ~e Fair 1600 Exposition BLVE. "frail" woman who should devote her time and self to her house, children, Sacramento, California and good housekeeping standards. The +l-2,501. Native man was to become the farmer who would do the heavy labor in the fields. • • • • •••• Hoyo Sia Hoke le Nowabbi I Am a Choctaw From this time on, the Native woman exprerienced more and more "divide and conquer• tactics. In 1887, the Dawes Act stipulated individual land ownership "to such Indiana ••• aa desire it" with added provision for compulsory allotments and variant provisions for particular tribes. Those Indiana who adopted the habits of civilized life were to be declared citizens of the United States. Thia excluaive move by the government did not guarantee citizenship to all Indiana. To combat the government's exclusive move, the Indian Citizenship Act was passed on June 2, 1924, whereby citizenship was conferred upon all Indiana. It is ironic that Indian a have been citizens for only fifty years in the land of their birth! ~hoctaw woman! A person born > identities. As a Native 1 and a Choctaw, I a11 a part 1cific ethnic group that is :ally distressed. As a woman, !)art of that group which is >rity of the world's population. When the women's suffrage movement achieved a breakthrough in 1920 vith lve American woman is at the the passage of the Nineteeth Amendld of struggles in racis• and ment, all women citizens were provided the right to vote. But the white woman's Indian sisters and brothers lew the status of the Native were still considered "wards of the 1er situation is parallel to government" and were not accorded this the Native man. Both sexes citizenship and voting right - ' except •eased and feel the brunt of for those who had received land title under the Dawes Act in 1887. As result of this process called civilization, the Native American woman began to feel a break in the extended family system. The extended family soon was to develop into a nuclear family vi.th less security for widowed, single and aged women who were a part of the extended family. Kinship patterns were realigned. The Indian community soon was to become self-sufficient through individual land ownership. Some Indian women were encouraged to marry white men as a sign of being civilized. The Native American community norms of generosity, hospitality and interdependence were soon to be on of the past. "The End of the Trail", a sculpture that depicted the Indian as tired and dejected, soon became America's image of a "vanishing race." The Native American did not vanish! In 1970, the population totaled 792,7'?/J, reflecting a growth of 51 percent between 1960 and 1970. Since 1890, the Indian population has grown by 208 percent. The 1960 and 1970 censuses were the only ones in which self-identification was the basis for enumerating the Indian population. occupations. Only 9 percent of the men were employed at a professional and technical occupation. For every 1100 all American families earned, Indian families made about '61. I believe that the Native American woman can work and be supportive of a movement that adresses itself to the basic issue of human rights for both women and men. Because of strong family ties, it would be more difficult for the Native woman to identify with movements that were antimale of antifamily. At the same time, she must not allow herself to be swallowed by a movement that approaches her only on an identity as a minority woman. It is a mistake to assume that all minority cultures are alike. It is a greater mistake to assume that all Indian tribes are alike. It would be wrong for a woman who has never shared the culture and history of the Native American experience to define the identity of the Indian woman. This would be equally true of the brother who, in his right to be free, may unintentionally oppress the woman.~ Each culture experiences stereotyping of the woman as portrayed in the school textbooks and media publications. The Native woman is no exception. The whites have attached a derogatory status to the aqllllw, The median age for Indiana is 20.4 based on what they perceived from the years while the national median is viewpoint of their own culture. Yet, 28.l years. The median age for Native they attached a royal legacy to the American women is 20.9 vith the median image of an Indian princess. Many age of the male being 19.9 years. whites have claimed to be descended Indian families are slightly larger from an "Indian princess," but have you heard of a white claiming to be than those of the general population. Nearly one-fifth of them were headed by a descendant of a squaw? a female in 1970. One-third of the Indian population 25 years old and The Indian woman must raise her own over had completed high school, vith a level of consciousness to recognize median of 9.8 years of schooling. her contribution to her church and Hore than 7 percent had l to 3 years tribal community. Women are the of college training, reflecting a 3 majority in membership in most Indian percent increase since 1960. As for churches, but the woman is seldom employment, 55 percent of those 16 visible in areas of leadership. years and over, and who were employed, There are very few Indian women among worked in urban areas. About 70 the clergy. However, the women are percent of our working women 16 years the financial backbone, and do effect old and over were in clerical, operadecisions in the local church. tive and service jobs, and 11 percent worked at professional and technical As a Native American, the Indian woman �lerstand the issues, needa, s, expectations and goals of her aency within the church. She aca te her church, its organi.za1d agencies (including her ) to Indian issues and organize, ate and program national and L consultations, seminars, workid caucuses that are represen>f the people. t work in coalitions and with ther to insure increased part>n and leadership of Native 118 1 both women and men, in L, regional and conference Lona - and through the elected , rather than being in the posit ~ of completing at-large lee. She must be aware of the !" the price of one" approach, ~ that allows her to particit excludes other Indian parton because she can represent e Indian and the woman. l8o0s the influence of Western tterns affected the roles of ive women and men. Now in the the men are no longer farmers, women still maintain the and home responsibilities. titutions that changed these hould recognize their responaifor equal opportunities and tive action for Native American nd men alike. Otherwise, Namen and men will be pitted aeach other, and the Native woinat the white woman and other men. role and status of Native Amermen and men vary from one tribe her tribe, let us not forget .e y walked side by side on the of Tears." Each person shared ·uggle for human survival. Let ·e the struggle for human rights · the recognition to express our 1ess within the context of our '• 11 Trail of Tear" originally referred to the migration west of the Cherokee Indians after they were forced from their land in Alabaaa and other Southeast territories during Andrew Jackaon's administration. The term is often used, however, as a way of speaking of all the journeys made by American Indian tribes driven from their original lands by the white people. • •••• •••• ATTENTION BOWLERSIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII The first bowling session will begin on September 10 1 1977 at 9:00 pm. It will be held at Michigan Lanes on the corners of Fuller and Michigan Sts. N.E. There will be a meeting before bowling begins at 7:'!IJ pm so if your interested contact: Margaret Sypkema at 877-466o after 6:00 pm She's ordered extra lanes this year so let's get a lot of people out there and really show Michigan Lanes how the Indian people here in Grand Rapida can really bowllll •••• The Grand Valley American Indian Lodge will hold ita annual Powwow here in Grand Rapida, Michigan on Septtfmber 17, 18, 1977 at Fort Iamar Park on Byron Center Road and Porter Ave. Hope to see you all thtrel •a bbi is a staff member of the , Division, Board of Global ·ies, the United Methodist Church. • ••• ·tifolio includes membership 18 and the reading program. This Page is for Your News �I I ~ ~ NON PROFIT ORG . U.S. POSTAGE PAID GRAND RAPIDS , MICH . PERMIT NO . 690 ~ Grand_Rapids Inter-Tr_:::!_:,=.,_~""' 756 Bridge St . N.W. Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 PHONE 774-8331 Address Correction Requested Native American Program Lexington School 45 I..exington St. N.w. Grand Rapids• MI. 49.504 AT'l': Sue Maturkanic:h � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_turtle-talk_1977-09 Title A name given to the resource Turtle Talk, September 1977 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977-09 Description An account of the resource September 1977 issue of Turtle Talk by the Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Foster, Toni (Editor) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b1a3a7c94878f2368597b328ac90b08d.pdf 4ff5dde08fbe70f697f434ff509b675c PDF Text Text +++++++++-1•+++++++-t•-l•++·l:•l............. +++++++++•I+++++• ,.TIJRNE1Vlt'll POW WOW AUGUST 15, 16, 17, 1980 At Cornwell 's Turkey Farm, located (6) six miles north of Marshall, Mich. (8) eight miles south of Bellevue, Mich. one mile off of 1-69 on N Drive North .. (See Map) DRUMS ARE i THE CHICAGO DRUM - Head Singer Benjamin Bear Skin Sr. HUGEBECK BROTHER'S - Head Singer Dean Hugebeck NO ELECTRIC RAFFLES SWIMMING 6 MILES NORTH RESTAURANT ON SITE M.C. John Dreher Participant Registration $2.00 per person or $6.00 perfamily. Children 12 years old and under FREE. Dogs must be LEASHED!! Traders Fee $10.00 per booth. We would like to have you preregister, and, refrain from the sale of NON-INDIAN goods. i Dances: Saturday: 1:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. Sunday: 12:00 noon For more information please contact: Tom Reid 299 Katherine St. Battle Creek, Mi. 49017 (616) 968-4123 Bob Eglekraut 224 Hussey St. Battle Creek, Mi. 49017 • (616) 963-7333 i----._1 p:-, i *--------------------------~---------------* TRADERS Fill out this form and send it with $10.00 Set-Up fee to Tom Reid Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phone _ _ _ _ _ __ Address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - City - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ State _ __ _ _ _ Zip _ _ _ _ __ Items For Sale - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_turkeyville-pow-wow_1980-08 Title A name given to the resource Turkeyville Pow Wow, August 1980 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-08 Description An account of the resource Turkeyville Pow Wow flyer, Marshall MI, August 15-17, 1980, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8367fa95f3050999843c71cb2fda3242.pdf 673b942513de4070fa463cb91ac219e8 PDF Text Text TRI-CLUB CROMWELL POW-WOW INFORMATION FEBRUARY 22, 1969 This year, the MIDA group of Detroit, are hosts for the Cromwell POW-WOS. The following infonnation should be announced to your group. 1. The dinner is a Pot-luck affair. Please bring one main dish and two side dishes to pass , Each family should bring their own table service and table cloth. 2. Since the weather is unpredictable this time of year, bring plenty of warm clothing and sleeping gear. 3. There will be dan c ing Saturday afternoon and also in the evening, 4. Sunday breakfast: Bacon and Eggs. Linger over your coffee, chattering with old friends and new, then time to depart for home. 5. Registration: $1.50 per adult: This includes breakfast. 6. Ages 7 to 12: .50¢ Positively NO DRINKING on the premises, The main lodge and sleeping lodges will be heated early this year. There will be POW-WOW signs at the main intersections near the POW-WOW grounds. Since give~aways take too much time from your dancing and fun, we would appreciate it if they were eliminated from this POW-WOW. As you may remember, space is limited in the main lodge at this camp. A limited amount of guests are welcome from each group. Emergency phone number : Area code: 219-856-2457. This phone is in the home of Ranger Sid Markley and is to be used only in a real emergency. If weather threatens, a cancellation of the POW-WOW, the leaders of the three groups will have a telephone conference February 21st, Thursday night at 9 p.m . George Gulick (588-7224 will set up the conference. Individuals wanting information about weather will contact the leader of their group. �--T ========~ --------------_-_-:,.-_- qr, ~=::e-~ , ~ ---·::::=======~===~ft== art>.,,,,<// ..z,,J,z..,,, v,11~,~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_tri-club-cromwell-pow-wow_1969-02 Title A name given to the resource Tri-Club Cromwell Pow-Wow Information, February 1969 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-02 Description An account of the resource Tri-Club Cromwell Pow-Wow flyer, Cromwell IN, February 22, 1969, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/29688031d04b9bfc388495902b5d5b07.pdf ad7aaf31ca1e6a0ed37757b8cfea45c7 PDF Text Text TRAOlTlONAL ...L.~~~ r AUGUST ttu t2 AT FUNCTION .JUNCTION CAMPC:IR_OUND,'., CORNER OF M-~ i M-fo<o ,:f MENOON,MIC.-Hl(:iAN AouL'l'S: ¼Z.22 IND1AN$ FR.OM AL.L- CNER. ,,HE. UNITE:D STATE'.S AND CANADA. • $6CUR6 KSAL INDIAN~ • ~OIAN DANGING l(f m asre OHILD~: e CAMPIN& PAOILfflSSe e INDIAN D R ~ e -~s BY DNnJal<:>.N <:»U.Y • Ne ~ . IRAPFlB fel\.INDIAN g ~ , FADmNeis. G\PILL 8':>X,~ Me.RS ... j Sf'ONSORE.D _e,'{ ME.NOON POW WOW COMMl1'f6£ 0 *I-~ DNDSR s ~ TRADERS PLEASE CONT ACT: JUDY PAMP LANSING, Ml 48906 CS I 7) 372-6 I 77 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-pow-wow_ Title A name given to the resource Traditional Pow Wow, August ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-08 Description An account of the resource Traditional Pow Wow flyer, Lansing MI, August 11-12, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mendon Pow Wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d125468df388f5ecf64d923786e42cdf.pdf 49ef3ace42929f0392c33b058f747c51 PDF Text Text INDIANS FROM ALL OVER THE UNITED STATES & CANADA &111 'Ut.S X\fl'JCt'C, si.·,,.,.,,,, 1 AUGUST 13-14 'l)a. I~ sea.llic.e. MUST PARTICIPATE IN ALL EVENTS FOR FINAL JUDGING ADULTS:$2.00 • CHILDREN:$1.00 • UNDER 5 FREE S!'t,IISO~F1' '1IND0N /3Y P,1A1-Jv1II c,,,,M,re E I RAFFLE FOR- INDIAN BLANKET I No ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES STAN MORSEAU GREGORY, Ml 48137 312-498-3276 BETTY PAMP LANSING, MI 48906 517-372-6177 RON MIX P,O, BOX 394 WATERVLIET, Ml 49098 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-mendon-pow-wow_ Title A name given to the resource Traditional Pow Wow, August ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-08 Description An account of the resource Traditional Pow Wow flyer, Mendon MI, August 13-14, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mendon Pow Wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b427bdc00413cb7e1dcfae2f72e3f42e.pdf d8f5782a30cd59a57ccc5d0b8a9472dc PDF Text Text Hannahville Indian Reservation N14911 Hannahville B-1 Rd. Wilson p Michigan 498.96 17th Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow June 25, 26 & 27, 1993 Honor our Veterans Master of Ceremonies - Sam Musqua, Canada Host Drum - Five Clan, Kesheena Head Dancers & Veteran Dancer Will be picked daily. First 1O Drums to Register Will Be Paid Friday Night Warm-ups Camp Day Supper: Saturday 5:00 pm Saturday Grand Entry 1:00 pm Grand Entry 7:00 pm Sunday Grand Entry 1 :00 Buttons: $5.00 per weekend - Adults $3.00 Daily - Adults $2.00 Daily - Children Seniors/children 5 and under - Free Traders: (No Imports - Original Only ) $75.00 w/ electricity Limited space $50.00 without Contact: Audrey Gamez - (906) 466-2342 Sharon Philemon - (906) 466-2342 Security Provided All Weekend No Drugs or Alcohol Allowed Powwow Committee Not responsible for Accidents or Lost or Stolen Articles �Grand /22;>,cls .Ph- $/Jal Ownci) 1/-5 GrMd kv5m12 Sf ;{). 1.JJ. Ja;1~ !ll1dja/J PJ6ot/ £ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-great-lakes-pow-wow_1993-06 Title A name given to the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow, June 1993 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-06 Description An account of the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow flyer, Wilson MI, June 25-27, 1993, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b921928be4aa67039424b1aae3ec8b4c.pdf fe4f32bb201b71f2122e3f47a5691674 PDF Text Text sssss $ oRUNI MONEY....s ..s_........ $ $$$$$ .... 111-.. STOCKBRIDGE ONEIDA OJIBWA POTOWATOMI a dz - I ODA WA 1/1! HANNAHVIU.E l) MENOMINEE INDIAN RESERVATION RO UTE1 WILSON, MICHIGAN 49896 ELEVENTH ANNUAL TRADITIONAL .GREAT LAKES AREA POW-WOW JUNE 25 & 26, 1988 WEEKEND BUTTON: $3.00 Sund8/NGo ay 7 ·oo OvER$ . P.rn IN PRIZE3,000.00. MoNEy MASTER OF CEREMONIES-Larry Matrious HOST DRUM-Smokey Town HEAD DANCERS- Marie lshkobok & Willy Trudeau VETERAN DANCER- Don Dowd SATURDAY Grand Entry Grand Entry MEALS 1:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. SUNDAY Grand Entry 1:00p.m. CAMPING SPACE TRADER'S FEE FOR WEEKEND $30.00 TRADERS (No Imports - Original Only) With Electricity $40.00 (Limited Space) SECURITY PROVIDED ALL WEEKEND NO DRUGS OR ALCOHOL ALLOWED .FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL: (906) 466-2342 466-2556, Ext. 77 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-great-lakes-pow-wow_1988-06 Title A name given to the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow, June 1988 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-06 Description An account of the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow flyer, Wilson MI, June 25-26, 1988, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4d78f4176b66982febc4c085ee3a874d.pdf 7a0ca76bb5d2ebd26f3c54da3ab783f0 PDF Text Text - ....... STOCKBRIDGE OJIBWA ONEIDA CREE ..... POTOWATOMI MENOMINEE ODAWA HANNAHVILLE INDtAN RESERV A TtON ROUTE 1 WILSON MICHIGAN 49896 JUNE 30 & JULY 1, 1984 MASTER OF Larry Matrious ingers-Kansas ers - Buddy Chevalier H ..,..G0 ~r~· VET ~','\ <c~~~'# ~ ~ S)~ ... ~~~ .~ SUNDAY Ceremonies Grand Entry 1 p.m. Bingo 1 p.m. SATURDAY Grand En1ry 1 p.m. Grand Entry 7 p.m $@§ FIRST 5 DRUMS $200.00 DONATIONS"P $2 TRADER FEE: $25 (The weekend-No imports) Meats Camping For Inf ormatton, Drum, and Trader Re;Jstration Calf (906) 466-2342 �COUNCIL DRUM NEWS GRAND VALLEY AMER. IND. LODGE 2512 UNION AVE. N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MI. 48909 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-great-lakes-pow-wow_1984-06 Title A name given to the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow, June 1984 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-06 Description An account of the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow flyer, Wilson MI, June 30-July 1, 1984, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b3e1e7b58f7427176ccdc826b36071d2.pdf 7a0ca76bb5d2ebd26f3c54da3ab783f0 PDF Text Text - ....... STOCKBRIDGE OJIBWA ONEIDA CREE ..... POTOWATOMI MENOMINEE ODAWA HANNAHVILLE INDtAN RESERV A TtON ROUTE 1 WILSON MICHIGAN 49896 JUNE 30 & JULY 1, 1984 MASTER OF Larry Matrious ingers-Kansas ers - Buddy Chevalier H ..,..G0 ~r~· VET ~','\ <c~~~'# ~ ~ S)~ ... ~~~ .~ SUNDAY Ceremonies Grand Entry 1 p.m. Bingo 1 p.m. SATURDAY Grand En1ry 1 p.m. Grand Entry 7 p.m $@§ FIRST 5 DRUMS $200.00 DONATIONS"P $2 TRADER FEE: $25 (The weekend-No imports) Meats Camping For Inf ormatton, Drum, and Trader Re;Jstration Calf (906) 466-2342 �COUNCIL DRUM NEWS GRAND VALLEY AMER. IND. LODGE 2512 UNION AVE. N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MI. 48909 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-great-lakes-pow-wow_1984-06 Title A name given to the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow, June 1983 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-06 Description An account of the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow flyer, Wilson MI, June 24-26, 1983, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/262c2d6caac5528f411fb841e25a8355.pdf 8ded96a2d44f47d80a74666ebb04197e PDF Text Text ~' i! 3rd Annual Traditional Pow-Wow HANNAHVILLE June 27 - 28,1981 ROUTE 1 \':ILSON. Dfff '.! \ J()NEY - )!ICH I GJ\"N 49806 F 11-1s ·1 ~; f \: D!U1'..1~ TO Tff(j I STEF BASEB,\LL TOUH.N.\1E:H CONT i\f:T HE~UY PH I LE:10\ RAFFLES ALL TRADERS WELC0~1E ENTHANCE FEE $3.00 FOH BOTH DAYS 01·' $2.00 ..\ Ds\Y FOR UORE INFOWL'\Tl0:,S; CONTACT HENRY DHILm10N l-906-·'1G(-;-q931 GLORI,.\ ncCCLLOL;(;II 1-0f)G- .:} (i(-i- 9'.) ~n NO ALCOHOL OR DRUGS : C'.'l~lAl{KED S[(:t;Hl TV Gu ..\RDS � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-great-lakes-pow-wow_1981-06 Title A name given to the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow, June 1981 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-06 Description An account of the resource Annual Traditional Great Lakes Area Pow-Wow flyer, Wilson MI, June 27-28, 1981, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9839382bab935ff2434b9c8d9e6556fd.pdf e970be73dbe744d80f171d2e4150a262 PDF Text Text �HOMECOMING OF THE THREE FIRES POW WOW sponsored by: GRAND RAPIDS INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL and THE CITY OF GRAND RAPIDS 1993 SCHEDULE OF EVENTS SATURDAY, JUNE 12 6:30 am 9:30 am 1:00 pm Blessing of the Ground Breakfast (participants only) Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation Introductions Veterans' Song Inter-Tribal Dances Specialty Dances Tree Planting Ceremony 2:30 pm Inter-Tribal Dances Closing 5:00 pm 5:00-7:00 Dinner Break (participants only) 7 :00 pm Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation Veterans' Song Inter-Tribal Dances Specialty Dances 9:00 pm Closing SUNDAY, JUNE 13, 1993 9:30 am 1:00 pm 5:00 pm Breakfast (participants only) Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation Veterans' Song Inter-Tribal Dances Specialty Dances Give Away Pow Wow Committee Thank You Closing lf you have any questions concerning the Pow Wow, contact a Pow Wow Committee member, wearing a button with a red ribbon attached. 2 �Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council - 45 Lexington , N.W ., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504 --= (616 ) 774 -8331 .FROM THE POW WOW COMMITTEE: Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council and the Indian community is proud that the Three Fires Pow Wow, co-sponsored with the City of Grand Rapids, has become a major summer event in this area. Last year over 20,000 spectators attended. Moving the site of the Pow Wow to the Riverbend Pavillion was positive as it is a much better site for such a cultural event. This year's Pow Wow is dedicated to all those who have followed the Pow Wow trail and who now walk in the Spirit world. Last year at the close of the Pow Wow, Mr. Raymond Ramos suffered a fatal heart attack. He and his family had spent the weekend with us. Mr. Ramos will be honored at 2:30 pm on Saturday with the planting of a cedar tree in his honor. We are glad that you are part of the circle here today. MEGWETCH! The 1993 Pow Wow Committee 3 �POW WOW ETIQUETTE Everyone is welcome at Pow Wows; however, it is important to realize that the dances are ceremonial as well as social events and should be observed with respect. 1. During Grand Entry, Flag Songs, and Honor Songs, please stand, remove hats, and refrain from taking photographs. 2. Eagle feathers are especially sacred to the American Indians. If an eagle feather falls from a dancer's regalia, a special ceremony will take place to retrieve it. When an eagle feather is being retrieved from the dance circle, please refrain from taking photographs. 3. Always ask permission before taking photographs of dancers when they are outside the dance circle. Also, please ask permission before taking photos of drummers and their drums. 4. The East entrance of the dance circle is reserved for dancers. Spectators are asked to refrain from congregating in this area. 5. The dance arena is for participants only. The arena is blessed prior to the event. In this respect, we ask spectators to consider this sacred ground for the duration of the pow wow. You may be invited to enter the dance arena during the Inter-Tribal or Honor Dances. 6. The dancers' clothing is called regalia, dance clothes, or dance outfit, not "costumes." 7. The chairs immediately surrounding the dance circle are for elders, dancers and their families only. 8. If you have a question, ask a member of the Pow Wow committee, designated by the red ribbons attached to their button. 4 �POWWOW HISTORY The Pow Wow has historical, spiritual, and social value to American Indian people. In addition to participating in the traditional dance and song, the people visit with family and friends, and make new acquaintances. Often it brings together families who may live apart throughout the year. It is also a chance to demonstrate and display artistic ability with the many arts and crafts common to the Indian people. Pow Wows are more than social events. They are a time of learning and carrying on a rich cultural heritage. The Pow Wow has also become a means of providing an opportunity for cultural sharing with non-Indian people. There is a spiritual significance in the dances, songs, customs observed, and even in the preparations for the event. The Pow Wow provides an opportunity for our young to learn from our elders and carry on traditions. In Michigan alone, numerous Pow Wows are hosted by Indian groups and communities throughout the year. Modern transportation has made it easier to travel from place to place for these events. This has established intertribal friendships throughout the Great Lakes. An important duty prior to the gathering is blessing the grounds where the event will be held. This is to insure that only good thoughts will occur there, and everyone will have a good time. Once the ground is blessed it is considered sacred, and everyone is asked to keep it as clean as possible. No drugs or alcohol are allowed on the Pow Wow grounds. Morning prayers are offered at a sunrise service the morning of the event. Traditional or Contest? There are two types of Pow Wows. The contest or competition Pow Wow is one in which there are cash prizes offered for dancing. The dance contest is judged according to certain criteria, with prizes awarded to dancers who demonstrate the best ability in his/her particular style. There are categories for different ages and styles of dance. Traditional Pow Wows, such as ours, offer no competition dancing. These events offer a variety of dances for the participants, and often include strictly-forfun dances such as the two-step. This weekend, we will be celebrating a naming ceremony for a small child, and a tree-planting ceremony for someone who has passed into the spirit world. 5 �The Drums & Their Songs The drum not only sets the tempo of songs and dances at a Pow Wow, it is a very important symbol to Indian people. The sound represents the heartbeat of our people, our Mother Earth and our nations. The drums' circular shape represents the unity the Indian people and our oneness with the universe. The traditional hide drum is made by stretching a hide over a wood frame and lacing the two sides together. The singers are able to control the pitch of the drum by warming the hide near a small fire or in the sun. Another commonly used drum is the bass drum. All drums are treated with respect. Our elders say that when songs are sung with these drums they are heard by the spirit world. Each drum has a lead singer who leads off the songs in his language. Each song has a special meaning or story to the person who carries that song with them. Some songs are very old, some are newly composed. While many of them are of a serious nature, such as the veterans' song and honor song, some are humorous and meant to cause a smile, and help us to not take life so seriously. Singers are expected to know a song for every type of dance. Songs are carried by the singers in their memories and not written down. You will often see a young boy sitting at the drum; this is when training begins for learning and remembering songs. Among Great Lakes Indians, women do not sit at the drum, but they do sing with the drummers, Joining them in certain songs. Notice that the Pow Wow grounds are arranged in a series of circles: the drums, the drummers, the singers, the dancers, the dance area, and the traders. The circle is a sacred symbol in our Indian ways. I 6 �HEAD PARTICIPANTS Head Pow Wow people are selected for their knowledge, skill, and ability to carry out their tasks. It is a great honor to be selected to one of these positions. Master of Ceremonies: John Bailey It is the responsibility of the MC to coordinate the Pow Wow activities and keep events running smoothly. All announcements, information and explanation of events are made by the MC. The MC must have knowledge of all the songs, dances, customs, culture, tribes, and general information about Pow Wows, as he is expected to explain all aspects of Pow Wow activities during the event. He must be "on stage" for the entire Pow Wow. Host Drum: Little Weasel Thunderchild Singers (Shingue-sase) The Host Drum consists of five or more male singers. The Host Drum leads off each of the Pow Wow's dance sessions with the Grand Entry Songs. They also provide any specialty songs requested, and are ready and capable of singing any song requested. A typical drum group may have a repertoire of hundreds of songs. Head Male Veteran Dancer: Simon Francis Head Female Veteran Dancer: Josie Walters The Head Veteran Dancer is one of the most important dancers in the Pow Wow. He or she carries the eagle feather staff during Grand Entry, and leads the rest of the dancers into the arena. The Head Veteran Dancer represents all American Indians who have given their service and lives in defense of our country. Head Male Dancer: Tim Gibson Head Female Dancer: Mon-ee Chivis It is an honor to be chosen as a head dancer. Head dancers are chosen for their extensive knowledge of the cultural meaning and purpose of Pow Wows. Head dancers are very skilled in their style of dancing and set an example of proper Pow Wow etiquette by upholding the traditions passed down from our American Indian ancestors. The Head Male Dancer follows the Head Veteran Dancer and the other flag bearers into the arena during Grand Entry, and is expected to lead off, with the Head Female Dancer, all Inter-Tribal and specialty dances throughout the Pow Wow. Arena Director: Larry Peshaba The Arena Director is often the busiest person at the Pow Wow. He is responsible for coordinating everything which will ensure the dancing proceeds smoothly. If any singer or dancer has a problem with an on-site deficiency, the arena director makes every effort to remedy the situation. He must make sure all the drummers and dancers have everything they need to participate in the Pow Wow. He coordinates the Grand Entries and specialty dances, and deals with anyone behaving inappropriately during the dancing or in the arena. 7 �THE DANCES American Indian dances are an expression of thankfulness to the Great Spirit, as the people dance in a sacred circle around the drums. The circle represents the cycle of life, the moon, sun and earth. The drum arbor, which is traditionally covered with cedar is in the center. The drums are the heartbeat of the Pow Wow and of the people who dance. Dancing is done in a community spirit. It is a time when friends and relatives come together to celebrate with each other. Over the years. the dances have changed to reflect the growth of traditions. You will see two styles of regalia on the dancers. The traditional dancers use natural items and colors, with designs based on nature: the fancy dancers use brighter, more eyecatching colors and materials. Today a Pow Wow begins with the blessing of the grounds and the Flag song. Indians have the same regard for the Flag Song as for the National anthem. All people are asked to stand and remove their hats as a sign of respect for the veterans who have served their country. The dance for the Flag Song is led by a male veteran. The Indian people dance behind the veteran dancer in respect for the elders and the flags of the Indian nations and the United States. Grand Entry: The Grand Entry is the first dance of the Pow Wow. The dancers will enter the dance circle from the east entrance, usually in single file. The Eagle Staff and the United States flag are carried at the head of the line. The dancers at the front of the line have a place of honor, respect, and responsibility. The dancers create a circle on the outer perimeter of the dance area, representing the sacred circle. Participants signal Grandfather and their ancestors to witness this physical testimony of the continuation of traditional values. Mens' Traditional Dance: Acting out feats of bravery through dance, dancers use story telling movements. They represent an older, distinguished sector of the Pow Wow. Traditional dancers may wear ribbon skirted regalia with beadwork, pieces of hide, and a roach headdress of deer tail, porcupine quills or horse-hair. Moving clockwise around the drum, dancers may interpret animals with side-to-side movements of their heads. They may wear buckskin, a bustle, a breast plate of bone and a roach. What to watchfor: Most interesting is watching the story line develop throughout the dance. Even with the slow tempo, the rhythm must be in harmony with the drum. Try to interpret each motion and compare the different ways dancers imitate the eagle, or the porcupine, or other animals and birds. Mens' Fancy Dance: Today's mens' colorful Fancy Dance is based on the traditional and Warrior Society dances. The dancer's talent and skill is reflected in his footwork, body movements and his ability to stay in step with the drumbeat. 8 �What to watchfor. Following the rhythm of the drum with the steps, the motion of the head and the flow of the body are important elements in the Fancy Dance. Since the steps are individual, the expression of the emotion of the music and the change of pace from a slower style to a faster beat are important. As in all Indian dancing, the finish in exact time with the song ending is significant. Grass Dance: Traditionally, people traveled and often made new camps. Different tasks were given to those most suited for them. The energy of young men made it natural for them to help set up a dancing place. As the grass was very tall in the days before the land was worked into farms, a group of young men moved around the common area, and pushed down the grass with their feet, pressing it again and again until the area was more comfortable to move through. Their movements recalled the wind restlessly swirling the grass. Originating on the northern plains, where men wore crow or sweetgrass braided belts in the traditional Grass Dance, today's dance is like the original because the whole body is used to create free-flowing movements to a slower drum beat than that of other men's dances. It may come the closest of all to imitating the dances of old. Because many of the movements come from the upper torso, grass or yarn dancers exhibit a certain swaying grace and abstract style. What to watchfor: The motion of the bodies causes the flowing regalia to move in a way reminiscent of the long, blowing grass of the prairie. The dance is an expression of the harmony of the universe and is danced in perfect time to the music, responding as the grass rises to the motion of the wind. Womens' Traditional Dance: This dance of honor reflects the women in American Indian society, including their roles as givers of life, keepers of home and family, decision-makers, and heads of households. Some dancers dance in one position or area. Others move clockwise around the drum. Although styles of dress vary, buckskin or cloth dresses with ribbons and shells are often worn. Some carry a shawl draped over one arm and hold a feather fan in the other hand. What to watchfor: Discipline is essential to the slow, graceful movements of the dance. Dancing in perfect harmony with the drum, while never breaking the sedate spirit, is the essence of the dance. The clips and sways are executed with no break in dignity. Womens' Fancy Dance: This dance is popular with young women today as a competitive piece at Pow Wows. This style of dancing is sometimes called fancy shawl. The dancer makes her colorful shawl, worn over the shoulders, dance with her. Creativity and smoothness are the keys to an outstanding performance. It requires nimbleness to perform the fast footwork, spins and leaps. What to watchfor. Since each dancer has her own individual style, the essence is how well the steps and motions express and harmonize with the drums. Being in time with the beat is important, as is the ability to end the dance precisely. 9 �The Jingle Dress Dance: At a time when there was widespread sickness and weakness among the people, many were searching for a way to restore the health of their community. One young girl had a dream in which she saw how effective prayers could be made. The next day she went to a wise grandmother, a medicine woman, who helped her with the realization of her dream. They sewed onto a dress of beautiful fabric many small cones of metal. Each one was tied with a prayer. And when it was worn in the dance, the dress made a jingling sound recalling the saying of constant prayer. The Jingle Dress Dance is a dance of pride and dignity, which allows a significant amount of individual expression. The jingle dress is not only vexy colorful, but it furnishes much of the musical accompaniment for the dance. Made from snuff can tops, the jingles may be a woman's answer to the bells on men's outfits. A jingle dancer's movements are more confined and rigid than a fancy or traditional dancer's. Hands are kept at the waist. The jingle dress's tight fit allows the dancer limited movement. What tD watchfor: Dance steps and body movement which are not in time to the music are easily detected because of the music of the dress itself.. Pride and grace are evident in the attitude of the dancers, and a certain reverence is exhibited. Veterans' Dance: The Head Veteran Dancers lead off this dance. All veterans are invited to join in this honor dance, which is a special tribute to those who have served their countxy. Inter-Tribal Dances: The dances are sometimes called friendship dances and are a chance for evexyone to join in the dancing. It is not necessaxy to be dressed in regalia to participate. The Master of Ceremonies will often announce the intertribals, and encourage the audience to join in. The Give-Away: In Indian culture, honor and prestige is not heaped on the person who accumulates material goods selfishly. The greatest respect is given to those who Give-Away their personal wealth. This might be done to announce the change in status for an individual, or more commonly, in honor of a friend or relative. In either case, it is not the value of the gifts that is important. What is important is the gesture. The gesture illustrates the lack of selfishness in the giver, and the giving of gifts has the effect of strengthening and unifying bonds among the community. The person who receives a gift is as honored as the person who gives the gift. The Give-Away is a fitting climax for the Pow Wow. It caps off a community celebration with a present of friendship, unselfishness. and goodwill that will never be forgotten. 10 �HOMECOMINGOFTHETHREEFIRES POW WOW COMMITTEE: Debbie Muller Pam Van Dyken Hunter Genia Jeff Justin Rick Sprague Loretta Antoine, Chair Loretta E. Yount Carolyn Ogilvie-Cohen Alex Antoine Christine Stone Larry Peshaba Levi A. Rickert Laura Powers Marcia Barber Pow Wow Program cover collage design by Ktehael Kowalczyk. Production coordination & design assistance by PVD Artists &OL Program printed by The Printing Press. 1993 HOMECOMING POW WOW CO-SPONSORED BY: GRAND RAPIDS INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL 45 Lexington Avenue, NW Grand Rapids, MI 49504 (616) 77 4-8331 Levi A. Rickert, Executive Director • A United Wi.fw.-ruw Incorporated since 1972, Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council has as its mission aiding} and promoting the general welfare of the American Indian. Indian people serve on the Board and staff and operate several programs, all of which intend to serve the whole JJRlr.BIIIL Inter-Tribal respects the importance of including the extendedfamily in the providingJCDjf services. As well as mainstream methods of human service, Inter-Tribal uses traditiorrml methods of Indian culture. The main programs are: Mental Health Counseling; SubstaJ'llllle Abuse Prevention; Senior Citizen Assistance; Publishing Native Literature. Inter-Triballs Board and staff invite Indian people and all with a connection to the Indian world to calll or to come to Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council. and TIIE CITY OF GRAND RAPIDS Department of Parks & Recreation 201 Market Avenue, SW Grand Rapids, MI 49503 (616) 456-3216 11 �THE POW WOW COMMITTEE WISHES TO THANK THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS AND COMPANIES WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO MAKING TlllS POW WOW A SUCCESS: �PLACE STAMP HERE fA - I Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council 45 Lexington, N.W. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504 �I WANT TO ASSIST THE AMERICAN INDIANS IN GRAND RAPIDS Enclosed is my tax-deductible gift to the Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council $_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City _ _ __ ,_ _ _ State _ _ _ _ _ Zip_ __ Telephone (W) ____ _ __ (H) _ _ __ I I would appreciate my donation used in the following area: _ _ Young Eagles Program (youth group) _ _ Elder Lunch Program _ _ Substance Abuse Program _ _ Michigan Indian Press Turtle Talk Newsletter Pow-wow Fund Unrestricted General Fund Make checks payable to Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Megwetch! (Thank You!) e A Unitt'd \Vay Ag2nc1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow-program_1993-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1993 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow program, Grand Rapids, MI June 12-13, 1993, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/482df86d087b048eb8dffcbb4347eefa.pdf 877f183c71bc98a139096a4bce414e73 PDF Text Text :::c 0 3: m 0 0 -z 3: )> :c C) I z )> m I )> .,, 0 ~ -I m z :::c ::I C) a. :ti D> -a )> m ~ -I ~ :::c s: c.. :D ~ i m "C 3: g, 0 I ! m ..... cc w "' m .,, - :D ..... (0 m "' 0) ...._. en .,, 0 :e :e0 :e �WELCOME Indian Hills The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee 1987 wishes to welcome everyone to its eighth annual Pow Wow. This Pow Wow originated as a honoring of the original people of Michigan, the Ottawa, Chippewa, and the Potawatomi Nations. It is to these three Nations, the name Three Fires refers to. Our Pow Wow is titled HOMECOMING OF TIIE 1HREE FIRES. Many of our people return home for this weekend event. They travel from as far west as California, and as far south as Florida to meet with their friends and relatives. The members of our committee are proud to be able to host this HOMECOMING. Trt/dinJ Compt/ny & lndit/n Art Gt/1/ery The Pow Wow has become an annual event of the sharing of our culture, to both the Anishnawbe (Indian) and the non-Indian members of our community. We hope that you will gain a greater understanding and appreciation of our Native American culture through participation The event will feature Native today. American culture through music, dance, arts and crafts and food. As Anishnawbe, we are proud to use this opportunity to display our rich heritage and culture. We hope that the community will see that Indian people are not extinct, but maintain as part of today's society. INDIAN HILLS RESERVATION PETOSKEY, MICH. 49nQ VICTOR S. KISHIGO INDIAN OWNED & OPERATED AUTHENTIC HANDMADE INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS (616) 347-3789 July 3-5, 1987 Sault Ste Marie Pow Wow July 7, 1987 Traverse City Pow Wow; Sesquicentennial Native American Village July 16-18, 1987 Stone Lake, WI; Lac Courte Oreilles "Honor the Earth" Pow Wow July 17-19, 1987 Walpole Island, Ontario; Walpole Island Pow Wow July 18-21, 1987 Tipton, IN; 7thNationalPowWow July 23-26, 1987 Baraga, MI; 9th Annual Keweenaw Bay Traditional &: Spiritual Conference Pow Wow at Ojibway Camp July 27, 1987 Traverse City, Ml; Michigan Commission on Indian Affairs meeting July 31-Aug. 3, 1987Manintoulin Island, Ontario; 27th Annual Wikwemikong Indian Days Pow Wow I I 11 12 13 14 5 16 17 18 19 110 Ill 12 113 114 115 116 117 118 19 120 121 122 123 124 125 26 127 128 129 130 I31 It is along the banks of the Grand River, called by the Anishnawbe, Owashtanong, that in 1761, in the place where the rapids flow the fastest, that Chief Pontiac assembled members from the Nations of Michigan. We were later referred to as the Three Fires Confed& racy. The existence of the Three Fires Confederacy assured territorial control and protection from other groups. It is along these banks of the Owashtanong that many Anishnawbe villages existed. Chief Na-Qua-K&Zik (Noonday) had his village located just north of Bridge St Chief M&Gis-0-Nee-Nee [Wampum-man) had his village located near Fulton St. It was here where Treaty Councils took place. It is along this river where generations of Native people were born, lived, and died. And it is here today, where we honor the people of the Three Fires, and welcome them to share a part of their culture, with the many cultures that will be present today. Treat your eyes to the movements and regalia of our dancers, and let your ears and heart listen to our heartbeat, the Drum, and allow yourself to become part of this grand celebration. Chi Megwetch Ron Yob Three Fires Pow Wow Committee Chairperson �_A~~ : 616-45:~~i; I R \S~ ~ • - ·-; ·~ I ~L..,,'" ,._ The T~~!r~~o:~o~!Committee wishes to thank the following donors for making this event possible . Chi Megwetch /\rt tJ,t::;;J~~ 11\AJJN Vb;\!/\!/11\\ CORN & FLCXJR TOR77UAS NACHO CHIPS TAMALES ~'11:u ~~KJ _ _. ._.,..111 J: MIKE & /SABEL NA VARRO · N, W 3 c. 65 ..:xockif:g · · Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 : . ~· ~, 1702 Monroe N.W. (2-blocks South of Ann Street) - Complete Grocery ~ DOVVNST.AIRSSTORE W . 88th St . Opposite Rogers Plaza. , ~ / \ \ /·: ;J·.:J ~ ~ ·. I • /::;,J · ·.:j ~. :.: .( I ·· . . . I J I. ., !j))Jj-f:4~ I ··:; · ·:·.1 • I 4 15 11 112 I 18 119 I 16 13 I 20 I 17 14 I 21 andthatwasalchohol. Rose Shalifoe When it comes time to leave this world, don't go in shame. Live each day like it was your last day.on earth. Rose Shalifoe 1987 I SoyingsthatI'vepickedupalongthe way - they have helped me in good times and bad. I'm proud to say I did conquer one enemy 27 years ago I 1al' 'ocTOBER ~ OPEN 7 DAYS-A-WEEK 9 A.M. - 11 P.M. ,. rt; TILLIE'$ MARKETI - Liquor - Cold Beer & Wine - Pop& Ice - Sandwiches ;r· . Amway Corporation City of Grand Rapids Dept. of Natural Resources Lear Siegler, Inc. . Rospatch Corporation Steelcase, Inc. Great Lakes Mazda Wealthy School Sue Clayton's 5th grade East Grand Rapids 1 I2 I3 18 I9 I10 I I15 I 16 117 I ~ ci~hip Act for the five Civilized Tribes 122 123 124 Love one another while there is still time. RoseShaJifoo I passed this month Oct. 3-4, 1987 Mt Morris, MI; 4th Annual "Honor our Heritage"Po~Wow Oct 4, 1842 Chippewa of the Miss. and Lake Superior Treaty 25 I26 I27 I28 I29 I30 I 31 I Oct. 12, 1879LastwildbuffalokilledinOklahoma Oct. 14-16, 1987 Grand Rapids, MI; "Circle of Life" Conference �THANK YOU! ~ We wish to thank the following people for the countless number of hours they volunteered in helping to make this event a success. Chi Megwetch The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee END OF THE TRAIL *Indian Jewelry *Western Clothing *Western Boots *Custom Jewelry *Silver Repairs "The Koglers" 6501 South Division Cutlerville, Michigan 49508 Phone: (616) 281 -3640 TIPIS ~~'!::.-\~er-:~© Frosty Chandler Rainne Chandler WES McLAUGHLIN 1719 Southland Dr. Muskegon, Ml 49442 Phone 616-773-8426 EL SOMBRERO 527 Bridge St. Phone 451-4290 1516 28th St. Phone 530-8693 Late Night Drive-Thru Evelyn Bailey Leroy Bailey Charlie Beltz Evelyn Biggs Anthony Chingman Leonard Church Mary Church Kay Compos Mike De Garmo Pat DiPiazza Emily Duley Shirley Francis Simon Francis Debra A. Gibbs John Hart Hazel John Joe John Pat Koesquat Joanne Maldonado George Martin . I I 1 2 8 19 li6 I . 15 -r 14 15 16 7 110 Ill 112 113 14 111 118 119 120 21 Sid Martin Gene Peters Ike Peters Ted Peters Bard Beifried Ed Seifried Becky Shalifoe Jerry Shananaquet Genovieve Shirley Gary Shomin Janet Shomin George Snider Jeanette St. Clair Percy St. Clair David Wonegeshilc Patsy Wonegeshilc Angie Yob Jennifer Roloff Yob Ron Yob Wanda Chandler Alvin Cash Boots Nadeau B) Nov. 7, 1987 - Anchor Bay, Ml; Fall Conference (Feast) I 22 123 I 29 130 124 125 126 127 28 Nov. 7-9, 1987Chicago, IL; Annual Chicago Pow Wow Nov. 17, 1807Chippewa/Potawatomi/Ottawa, et al. Nation Treaty Nov. 20, 1969Indian occupation at Alcatraz Ils. San Francisco Bay Nov. 29, 1864 Sand Creek Massacre �NATIVE AMERICAN =---------- - --- ~' --=-- ·--t1--· _:::.__., _, _.... -,_ (; - ... --=----:-- - ,- ~ ~ . - ~ .~ l'- -·-·- - ~ PHOENIX PRINTING £iid ~r-· T>-ie.S-~11s~ AND PUBLISHING CO. An Enterprise of Fine Quality 35 South Division Avenue Grand Rapids, Ml 49503 1 12 3 4 5 616-459-7373 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Native American tradition is ancestral in so far as, it follows the teachings that were handed down. They were handed down from father to son and mother to daughter. The Indians were the first settlers on the American continent. Between 1000 A. D. and 1650, Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibway became firmly established. The Ottawa, Ojibway, and Potawatomi, lived in small mobile villages, continued their hunting and fishing for food. In the south, the large villages grew corn, beans, squash and sunflowers in the nearby fields. The early settlers would build homes out of saplings, bark, and rush mats. They were warm and secure in these dwellings. These tribes made their own subsistence, like pottery, baskets, ceramic pipes, snowshoes, tobaggans, bow, arrows, rope, fish nets, harpoons, wood working tools, and canoes. Davis R. Wonageshik Jr. Age 11 Ottawa/Blackfoot/Cherokee Sibley School If you want to be a true friend accept people as they are. The only one you can change is yourself. Rose Shalifoe Dec, 5, 1877 - Publication of the Cheyenne Transporter newspaper 20 27 21 28 22 29 23 30 24 31 25 26 Dec. 18, 1971- President Nixon signs Alaska Native Claims Act Dec, 19, 1890- Massacre at Wounded Knee, S. D. Dec. 29, 1838 Potawatomi trail of death begins in Indiana Dec. 30, 1838 Cherokee Trail of Tears begins this month �WHAT I THINK ABOUT BEING A NATIVE AMERICAN Bti LL Pti RI< FLOR ti L 8 VALLEY AVE. , N. W. GRAND RAPIDS, Ml 49504 I feel great because I think we Native Americans are the best communicators with the Great Spirit. We have extended families. We look out for people who are non-relatives, who we call brothers and sisters. Our ancestry records are really interesting, more than some other culturalities. Native Americans have more love than any other human beings. Native Americans are cool. I'm just happy I have a culture, tradition, and glad to be somebody like a Native American, because if I wasn't anything, I wouldn't have a tradition, culture, or tribe. Although we weren't the chosen ones who could see Jesus, we can see him in our hearts and I respect that. Dakota Shananaquet TELEPHONE 459-3409 Age 12 PASTOOR'S SHOP-RITE Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School 215 MICHIGAN STREET, N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49503 Ph. 458-5915 Lou Veenstra - owner POWWOW • ~ f11j, "Complete Insurance Coverage" GOOD JOB Window Cleaning Service Commercial, Residential, and Industrial 3131 Wilfred N.E. Grand Rapids, Mich 49505 361-5629 RON WERT Owner 3 I 10 I I I I I 1 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 111 112 113 114 115 116 One day I went to a pow wow. It was in Petoskey. I was dancing, it was fun. Our family had to spend the night in Petoskey. It was very fun. Then, 5 days later we had to go home. Then 1 year later, we went to River Side Park. People have something to eat, something to drink and the dance. They could drum. They could do anything. Melissa Shomin Age8 I 17 I 24 118 125 31 119 126 120 127 121 128 122 123 Ottawa Palmer School 129 130 January 15-17, 1988 Ortonville, Ml; A. I. C. L. C. Winter Survival Camp (alternate date Jan. 29-31) �(',., / WHAT A POWWOW MEANS TO ME .JI~ & {i8/'e/l/le/'- .Au~ & A&wo. A pow wow is an extended family reunion. It brings back the traditions, cultures, and legends about the olden days and olden ways. A pow wow is good because non-Indians can learn the Indian culture and traditions too. Some other cultures, they are stingy, but the Indians share their cultures. It' a ceremony to gain back our culture. We meet new people there and when we go to another pow wow, you'll see those same people again and then you '11 meet newer people every time you go to a pow wow and that's how we develop an extended family. Dakota Shananaquet S660 .2od J'trea ~ ~ 1!}S.2& ·---------- ~ ibwne, (of6} Zf}S-S.2/S or- (o16} q'9ti-<!Mo& II' YOU CANT GO TO MEXICO, WE'LL BRING MEXICO TO YOU. Rodie Canaled 401 STOCKING, NW, GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Age 12 Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School 1 rho-0:) '.)J.o.1/ ~~ ~ Compliments of Frank Przybysz I WHY WE SHOULD RESPECT INDIAN WOMEN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 127 ~---- I. 21 ~f-iA-1<~ (0(1\TAll IOIJ~CI (corner of Leonard and Fuller, N.E.) I 28 129 They are the ones who are responsible for having babies. They are the ones who are always there to help take care of the sick, take care of the children, etc. We should respect them, and all creatures because the Great Spirit created them. Dakota Shananaquet Age 12 Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School Feb. 8, 1887 Dawes Act passed, for allotment of Indian lands Feb. 21, 1828First issue of Cherokee Phoenix newspaper was published �WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO RETAIN OUR CULTURE/ TRADITION -~· ..f.,s/-···'',,,,,."]\ up' It is important to keep our culture because if we lose it, we won't have a culture or tradition. We will forget all the old ways. We won't have a legend to tell about our culture. If we lose our culture, we won't have anything, all will be lost. Dakota Shananaquet 168 l.oui.r Canpau Promenade Grand Ropid.r. Miehigan Age 12 LtSlt-311.tl Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School ~i1,jt~ Be good to one another while there is still time. Gre-Zak Agency, Inc. :~ii¥KtJ)~¼1~~~'u/¥fuVt;/i]}b~1wAlt;i;l\;(;;rf.J'l~i J Sabrina Shirley Age17 Cherokee/Kickapoo 1124 LEONARD NW GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49504 454-3952 OR 454-2091 1 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 110 Ill 112 114 Its 116 J17 r1s 121 122 123 124 28 29 30 31 . PROFESSIONAL AUDIO & . I 6 TELEPHONE SYSTEMS • (lENTfiAL I 13 INTE fi(lONNE(lT, ,~a . Communications Contractors 1438 Plainfield, N.E Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 616-458-2999 I 20 I 21 125 ~~~ 119 I 126 I 1. Rose Shalifoe MMch 3, 1871Congress formally abandons treaty making with Indians March 22 , 1622 First Indian rebellion in Virginia March 28, 1836 Ottawa/Chippewa Treaty �continued REILLY'S DRUG STORE 1321 E. Fulton Grand Rapids 456-6016 :y;s::rt~ /. _:, )Y.'f( / . . ~,:;,'7;,··.,,,. MULDER'S FAMILY RESTAURANT Open for Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner 7 Days a Week Breakfast ALL DAY t . ~ - s"ri- - --_Q.r,._dQ/\ . f-, I ()~~ ~8'7 Banquet Rooms Leonard St. -~,JQ~ /;'r : f11\~ i.Y U)!{) ,_ 1040 Leonard, N.W. 3874 Plainfield, N.E. 401-28th St., S.E. 3496 Kelly, Hudsonville WELCOME TO THREE FIRES FESTIVAL Here on the banks of Owashtanong (Grand River) dwelt until 150 years ago the Anishnawbe people, members of the Three Fires, a loose confederation of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi. On these banks the Anishnawbe built their summer dwellings - wigwams - of saplings, cattail reeds, and bark. They did so in order to take advantage of the excellent supply of foodstuffs in the area, particularly the fish that abounded in the rapids. Late in the spring, after closing up operations at their maple sugar bush to the east, the people returned year after year to set up their summer village and to plant continued on right side of this page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 corn, beans, and squash. Here they rebuilt or mended canoes, food-drying racks, snares, nets, and so on. They prepa red for cold weather by cutting and sweing skins for clothing, and by making baskets and storage containers for caching food. The nearby forests, meadows and swamps were harvested for nuts, berries, herbs, and plants for medicines. Our reconstructed village you see here this weekend during the Three Fires Annual Festival is an attempt - amateur though it may be - to pay tribute to our Anishnawbe ancestors who lived, loved, worked, and died long ago on the banks of Owashtanong. You will find striking differences to be sure; gone are the mighty birches that furnished bark roof coverings. We have had to substitute manmade materials instead. But that itself attests to the ability of Indians to adapt and change with the times. For, contrary to what many non-Indians think, Indians have changed and have adapted their life-style down through the ages, whenever circumstances necessitated change. Thanks to the Department of Natural Resources and other generous donors, the remainder of the mateirals used in construction are natural ones. With these we have attempted to revive here this weekend the skills and techniques used by native peoples of the Old Northwest Woodlands for hundreds of years. This project has been a labor of love, the contribution of many, many volunteers. Indian and non-Indian alike worked side by side in a mosquito-infested swamp to harvest the truck loads of cattail reeds needed. Another group struggled together to cut one hundred saplings 12 to 14 feet tall, strip them of foliage, and transport them to storage m water - where they would stay supple until needed. And finally, a third group of volunteers worked tirelessly the night before the festival to put up the entire full-scale village; no easy task using only twine - no nails, staples, or wire were allowed! The volunteers cannot be thanked enough. Without each one's generous gift of time and talent; without their cooperative effort, the Anishnawbe Village could not have returned. As you walk through the village, allow yourself the luxury of drifting back in time. Imagine that you are among the Anishnawbe of yesterday. They - and we Shirley Francis welcome you! Village Site Coordinator April 13, 1946 Congress creates Indian claims commission �GRAND RAPIDS INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL ( Let the Grand Rapids InterTribal Council help build your collection of Michigan Indian educational materials ... I BOOKS: The Tree That Never Dies Oral History of the Michigan Indians Pamela J. Dobson, ed. (Grand Rapids Public Library, 1978) $6. 95. Descriptions of lifeways, . education, and beliefs in the In- ' dian's own words. Beads: Their Use By Upper Great Lake Indians (Grand Rapids Public Museum, 1977) $8. 95 Four essays and more than 150 pictures of Great Lakes Indian beadwork. VIDEOTAPES: Porcupine Quill Boxes (Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council, 1985) $24. 95 (rental) A step-by-step demonstration of the art of making porcupine quilldecorated birchbark boxes. Black Ash Woven Baskets (Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council, 1985) $24. 95 (rental) Black ash basket making from preparing wood splints to final product. Woodland Indian Basketry (Grand Rapids Public Museum, 1975) $24. 95 Shows a black ash basket from cutting tree in swamp to several different baskets being made. Great Lakes Indian Beadwork (Grand Rapids Public Museum, 1977) $24. 95 A demonstration of Great Lakes Indians sewn and woven beadwork techniques. The Michigan Indian Press of the Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Sylvester Wesaw Potowatomi I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0 e I 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 I 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 • . e • e ·. ·. 1 ·.• • g• " - .• . " • Q .:::.IAM~M,$,CA~/\.\g~ © 29 30 31 May through November, Pon tiac's rebellion May 28, 1882 Jim Thorpe 's birthday �// ( CHICKEN BASKET eCHICKEN eSEAFOOD • HOT DOGS and CHILI DOGS 9I 1200 W. Fulton 451-8837 (one block east of John Ball Park Zoo) RJLTCN WHY DRINKING AFFECTS THE INDIAN CULTURE · D ~ 0 ~~~<(3_.l)).J1L THE NEW 11' I, ;( i~ :0 Tl 5 Brandon Foley AgelO Ojibway Fountain School 1 GRAND ROGUE •b-Fm~•eoo~ • •Hey Rides :,,, · '· ~ """ •Nature Trails •Tenters, groups & conventioneers welanie •Reily area & pavilion Near Gerald Ford Museum, Grand Center & Charming Rockford Village 1 mile north of Grand Rapids, US 131, Exit 91, 4 miles east 6400 W. River Rd., Belmont, MI 49306 (616) 361-1053 13 14 Age 12 Campground & Canoe Livery 'Northern Edge Of Grand Rapids"I A clean, modern campground for all types of camping units in 75 beautifully wooded acres. •Specious Grassy Sites, Modern Facilities •Private lake, Sandy swim beech, Tubing •Beautiful 18-Hole Gold Course 12 All Native Americans should not drink. Some drink because of their problems, some drink for fun. When an Indian drinks for fun, it becomes a problem. It's a problem to the Indians because, in the past, the non-Indians gave the Indians alcohol and it drove the male Indians from the female Indians because they were addicted to it so much. Now-a-days, most male Indians are alone, with children but a divorce, because the female Native doesn't want drinking affecting her children. When a male is drunk, he might do something to his children and/or wife. But this too can happen to the female. They can get addicted to alcohol, " that all they want is alcohol and they don't want anything to do with their family, culture, or their lives. The male should act like a man or a father or even a husband and respect the female and the children. But then, we should respect men too. Because to respect men, is because they help the children, wife, etc. Dakota Shananaquet 16 17 18 19 110 Ill I 12 113 114 115 116 117 118 I 19 120 121 122 123 124 125 I 26 127 128 129 130 5 Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School June 2, 1924 Indian Reorganization Act June 18, 1934 Indian Citizenship Act � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow-calendar_1987-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1987 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow calendar, Grand Rapids, MI June 13-14, 1987, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4585429fbcff8f028949e8446462ecc3.pdf 57ba395af3c5a8862076e26c48f3b67e PDF Text Text �':; Gra.d . · · Jla..p lds" .Inter-Tribal Cou.ncil ,s Lexington/ NW, .Crand Rapids, Michigan ,9504 Grand Valley American Indian Lodge Ed Gillis 2512 Union NE Grand Rapids, Ml49505 rnu newsletter isftu,dd in·pan by Unizd Way. Office ajSubmnc, Ab1'.m Smee, Colllll'IIU&iry Mcrual HcaW&. and priWJU donarions. NonPr0fltOrg. U.S. Poltcge PAID P9lfflitNc.690 Srcnd Rc:0ic:s. td A SerYicl of 0. Llilladway . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1993-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1993 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow flyer, Grand Rapids, MI June 12-13, 1993, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6c6b46d187691216405e341089a18a2f.pdf be0e422d049bba87b004565a9ad78150 PDF Text Text • omeconun e 0 Grand Rapids, Michigan Comstock Riverside Park I ee ires Public Welqome TRADITIONAL Food, Concessions, and Traders by Invitation Call 616/774-833 l • $55 Fee • May l Deadline · June 13 {9 14 , . t992 v · , ,.,.f,,,,p·· "'{J:;;:;:~:;:::::::~::;'.:'.~~;''.'.:: .:: ..-:· •• :flIL.-.. if···/i:::::-·· ._., ;.f~;~,i~@~~~~{i;=:FF'' .. ... Master of Ceremonies JOHN BAILEY ~} Host Drum: Skintones Andre D'Artagnan Veteran Dancer: Frank Bush Head Woman Dancer: Pun kin Shananaquet , :,~.,:,.:.:..··· I, ·=====,=,===== !' :;: For Information: Monday through Friday ai GRITC, c all 616/ 774-8331. Sponsored by the Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council and the City of Grand Rapids • NO DRUGS OR ALCOHOL �Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council 45 Lexington NW Grand Rapids, MI 49504 Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage PAID Pem1it No. 690 Grand Rapids, MI Grand Valley American Indian Lodge Isaac Peters 2512 Union NE Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1992-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1992 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow flyer, Grand Rapids, MI June 13-14, 1992, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6dcc0798203c1da4c81be499cba6574c.pdf c7de9c40c6c55d23f074bc6190c1d7a2 PDF Text Text HOMECOMING OF THE THREE FIRES POWWOW JUNE 15 - 16, 1991 PUBLIC WELCOME COMSTOCK RIVERSIDE PARK GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Grand Entry: Saturday 1 :00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Sunday 1 :00 p.m. MASTER OF CEREMONIES John Bailey FOOD CONCESSIONS AND TRADERS WELCOME HOST DRUM Shingue-sase Fees: Food Booths: $50 and $15 Annual County License Arts & Crafts Traders: $50 CASH PRIZES DIRECTIONS: US 131 to Ann St. Exit, East to Monroe Ave. NE, North to Park Entrance opposite M;ichigan Veterans' Facility r FOR INFORMATION: Call Chris, Loretta, or Jeff (616) 774-8331 ~ - - Y - GrandRapids loler-Triba/Covncil JJodtlze CityotGraodRapids NODRUGSORALCOHOL i � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1991-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1991 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow flyer, Grand Rapids, MI June 15-16, 1991, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3802f09968d65ee12ea7158ef620aa0d.pdf d9a5fe1393f196567606db2065b6afcf PDF Text Text HOMECOMING OF THE THREE FIRES POW WOW AH-NAB-AWEN PARK - JUNE 14-15, 1986 Grand Rapids, Michigan �&ALL PA RI< FLORAL 8 VALLEY AVE ., N. W . GRAND RAPIDS, Ml 49504 HOFFMAN'S CON VEN IENCE STORE 1034 Bridge, N.W. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504 Phone 451-8307 Gift Baskets Gift Boxes Imported Beer and Wine Liquor TELEPHONE 459-3409 Lottery :Bo& & Ej,th.£~ ..Long{ufd WEST SIDE TRADING POST 913 Bridge, N.W. Phone 454-2303 *Dry Cleaning and Shirt Laundry PHOENIX PRINTING *Post Office Sub-station AND PUBLISHING CO. *Groceries, Beer, Wine and more. An Enterprise of Fine Quality Services: 35 South Division Avenu e Grand Rapids , Ml 49503 616-459-7373 -WELCOMEThe Three Fires Pow Wow Committee 1986 Wishes to welcome everyone to its eighth annual Pow Wow. This Pow Wow originated as a honoring of the original people of Michigan, the Ottawa, Chippewa, and the Potawatomi Nations. It is to these three Nations, the name Three Fires refers to. Our Pow Wow is titled HOMECOMING OF THE THREE FIRES. Many of our people return home for this weekend event. They travel from as far west as California, and as far south as Florida to meet with their friends and relatives. The members of our committee are proud to be able to host this HOMECOMING. The Pow Wow has become an annual event of the sharing of our culture, to both the Anishnawbe (Indian) and the non-Indian members of our community. We hope that you will gain a greater understanding and appreciation of our Native American culture through participation today. The event will feature Native American culture through music, dance, arts and crafts and food. As Anishnawbe, we are proud to use this opportunity to display our rich heritage and culture. We hope that the community will see that Indian people are not extinct, but maintain as part of today's society. It is along the banks of the Grand River, called by the Anishnawbe, Owashtanong, that in 1761, in the place where the rapids flow the fastest, that Chief Pontiac assembled members from the Nations of Michigan. We were later referred to as the Three Fires Confederacy. The existence of the Three Fires Confederacy assured territorial control and protection from other groups. It is along these banks of the Owashtanong that many Anishnawbe villages existed. Chief Na-Oua-Ke-Zik (Noonday) had his village located just north of Bridge St. Chief Me-Gis-0-Nee-Nee (Wampum-man) had his village located near Fulton St. It was here where Treaty Councils took place. It is along this river where generations of Native people were born, lived, and died. And it is here today, where we honor the people of the Three Fires, and welcome them to share a part of their culture, with the many cultures that will be present today. Treat your eyes to the movements and regalia of our dancers, and let your ears and heart listen to our heartbeat, the Drum, and allow yourself to become part of this grand celebration. Chi Megwetch Ron Yob Three Fires Pow Wow Committee Chairperson �-AGENDA - Saturday, June 14, 1986 2:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation (Joe John) lntertribal Songs and Dance Veterans' Dance Tots Contest 5:00 P.M. Dinner Break 7:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation lntertribals Four Dance Contests Specials Dusk Retiring of the Flag Sunday, June 15, 1986 2:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation lntertribals Veterans' Dance Four Dance Contests Specials Awarding of Prizes Victory Dance Retiring of the Flag �t~ GRAND RAPIDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS Native American Education Program Gran<l Rapids, Michigan 49504 615 Turner N.W. Room 241 Phone (616) 456-4226 Indian Hills Trflding Com/)flny & lndifln Art Gflllery INDIAN HILLS RESERVATION PETOSKEY, MICH . 49n0 - HEAD PERSONNEL M.C. . .. . . ... ...... . ..... .. . . ... .. ..... John Bailey Head Dancers ....... . ...... ... .. ..... Mike Oashner Ojibwa Dorothy Goeman Ojibwa/Mohawk Host Drum .. ....... . ..... . ...... . . . .... . All Nations Areana Director . ..... . ............. .... .. Ike Peters Veteran Dancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jerry Pigeon VICTOR S. KISHIGO INDIAN OWNED & OPERATED AUTHENTIC HANDMADE INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS (616) 347-3789 MIKE & /SABEL NAVARRO 653 Stocking N. W. Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 ~~ •CORN & FLOOR TORTILLAS •NACHO CHIPS •TAMALES MULDER'S FAMILY RESTAURANT Open for Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner 7 Days a Week Breakfast ALL DAY IJ!iJ!lli/~~ Banquet & Catering Available - 363-9071 1040 Leonard N.W. 3874 Plainfield N.E. 401-28th St. S.E. �THANK YOU! The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee wishes to thank the following donors for making this event possible. Chi Megwetch I TILLIE'S MARKET 1702 Monroe N.W. (2-blocks South of Ann Street) - Liquor - Cold Beer & Wine - Pop& Ice - Sandwiches - Complete Grocery OPEN 7 DAYS-A-WEEK 9 A.M. - 11 P.M. ] Amway Corporation Brace Twine & Supply Co. Brenners Do It Yourself The Burlap Bag City of Grand Rapids Ann and Robert Cooper Dept. of Natural Resources Murray N. Hess Paul Hoffman Lear Siegler, Inc. Great Lakes Mazda Michigan National Guard Phoenix Printing Rospatch Corporation Sebastian Foundation Steelcase, Inc. Wege Foundation �-THANKYOUWe wish to thank the following people for the countless number of hours they volunteered in helping to make this event a success. Chi Megwetch The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee $ 1c · --~ ~~,- - WH17Kf4:, . NEW OWNER - Tom Veneklase Johnny's Sport Shop, Inc. Anll1ble In E11enc• Of: MINNOW - LEECH - CRAWFISH CRICKET - SALMON EGG SHRIMP - NIGHT CRAWLER 736 Bridge St. N.W . Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 (616) 458·0922 OPEN EARLY 7 DAYS Complete Outfitter• for Big lake and Inland Flahlng Flahlng Llc1n1H · Live Bait . Complete Selection of Tackle Rod & Reel Repair • Wh 1zk Jig Heads• Wh1zk Fl oating Heads• Wht zk'n Hooks• Whizker Worm Weights ~ WHU~ ~ II~ e:. L ~~~~ ~~ ~''1')1:1·~1,1, _.,,, • WH~ . Evelyn Bailey Leroy Bailey Charlie Belty Evelyn Biggs Robert Biggs John Basin Alvin Cash Fred Chivis, Jr. Mary Church Lin DeYoung Pat DiPiazza Erika Doorn Roger Dressler Emily Daley Carol Dutmers Lori Duverneay Margaret Dunn Lynne Feaster Colleen Floyd Nebin Floyd Maury Francis Ross Francis Shirley Francis Simon Francis Betty Gibbs Cheri Gibbs Debra A. Gibbs Kathy Hart Barbra Hawke Helen Hillman Kerry Hillman David Hinman Bill Jewel Joe John Todd Johnson Pat Kosequat Heather Kritcher Robert Kritcher Tammy Leaureaux Carolee Lewis Michael Lewis Joanne Maldonado George Martin Sid Martin Robin Menefee Jodi Palmer Anthony Parcher Carrie Ann Parcher Gene Peters Ike Peters Ted Peters Barb Seifried Ed Seifried Becky Shalifoe Gary Shomin Janet Shomin George Snider Debra Snyder Jeanette St. Clair Liz St. Clair Percy St. Clair George Stevens, Jr. Mary Tavolacci Don Weiss Angie Yob Jennifer Roloff Yob Ron Yob �WESTSIDE BEER DISTRIBUTING Since 1933 530 Ball Ave., N.E. Grand Rapids, Ml 49503 (616) 459-1151 Bud-weiser. �WELCOME TO ANISHNAWBE VILLAGE ATTHE THREE FIRES FESTIVAL Here on the banks of Owashtanong (Grand River) dwelt until 150 years ago the Anishnawbe people, members of the Three Fires, a loose confederation of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi. On these banks the Anishnawbe built their summer dwellings - wigwams - of saplings, cattail reeds, and bark. They did so in order to take advantage of the excellent supply of foodstuffs in the area, particularly the fish that abounded in the rapids. Late in the spring, after closing up operations at their maple sugar bush to the east, the people returned year after year to set up their summer village and to plant corn, beans, and squash. Here they rebuilt or mended canoes, food-drying racks, snares, nets, and so on. They prepared for cold weather by cutting and sewing skins for clothing, and by making baskets and storage containers for caching food. The nearby forests, meadows and swamps were harvested for nuts, berries, herbs, and plants for medicines. In the morning, across the wide peaceful valley came the sounds of black ash being felled and its timber being pounded; the resulting splints formed the basis for the production of basketry. Outside the wigwams, when daily tasks were done, the women gathered to chat as they worked on baskets or other handicrafts. Little children played as they do everywhere and from time immemorial - happily and carefree with toys made by doting grandfathers. Nearby in the shade babies were rocked gently in their blanket swings by adoring grandmothers. Midday found growing boys with their dads, proud to be old enough to learn men's skills that would someday make them full, productive members of the tribe. Girls joined their mothers in the activities that would one day too make their contributions of value equal to those of their male counterparts. Evening found activities special to the close of the day. Young people in love drifted off to talk and dream privately of their future life together. Newly expectant parents hoped and planned for the one-not-yet-born. With smaller children tucked into bedding, parents enjoyed games and conversation with friends. And when total darkness prevented other activity, they gathered around their fires to hear elders recount anew the oral history, folklore, and exploits of tribal heroes. Retold too were the legends of Gitchi-Manitou, the Great Spirit, and of his interactions with the Anishnawbe. Down through the centuries they developed a lively faith in his providence and protection. With the dawn came a feeling of awe and oneness with the vast realm of living things around them. A deep faith in the Great Spirit manifested itself in a love for Mother Earth and in a careful husbandry of her gifts. The Anishnawbe knew that life was good, peaceful, and downright possible only if everyone cooperated. No matter how skilled or talented one person - or one family - was, it was unthinkable to presume that one could survive alone. Our reconstructed village you see here this weekend during the Three Fires Annual Festival is an attempt - amateur though it may be - to pay tribute to our Anishnawbe ancestors who lived, loved, worked, and died long ago on the banks of Owashtanong. You will find striking differences to be sure; gone are the mighty birches that furnished bark roof coverings. We have had to substitute manmade materials instead. But that itself attests to the ability of Indians to adapt and change with the times. For, contrary to what many non-Indians think, Indians have changed and have adapted their life-style down through the ages, whenever circumstances necessitated change. Thanks to the Department of Natural Resources and other generous donors, the remainder of the materials used in construction are natural ones. With these we have attempted to revive here this weekend the skills and techniques used by native peoples of the Old Northwest Woodlands for hundreds of years. This project has been a labor of love, the contribution of many, many volunteers. Indian and non-Indian alike worked side by side in a mosquito-infested swamp to harvest the truck loads of cattail reeds needed. Another group struggled together to cut one hundred saplings 12 to 14 feet tall, strip them of foliage, and transport them to storage in water - where they would stay supple until needed. And finally, a third group of volunteers worked tirelessly the night before the festival to put up the entire full-scale village; no easy task using only twine - no nails, staples, or wire were allowed! The volunteers cannot be thanked enough. Without each one's generous gift of time and talent; without their cooperative effort, the Anishnawbe Village could not have returned. As you walk through the village, allow yourself the luxury of drifting back in time. Imagine that you are among the Anishnawbe of yesterday. They - and we welcome you! Shirley Francis Village Site Coordinator �~~~~,~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1986-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1986 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, Ah-Nab-Awen Park, Grand Rapids, MI June 14-15, 1986 collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Three Fires Pow-wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6c8576f117c012b1da3c5d4015d83b2a.pdf 436e7b98242a52b79161bf974e6920b7 PDF Text Text HOMECOMING OF THE THREE FIRES POW WOW AH-NAB-AWEN PARK - JUNE 15-16, 1985 -- Grand Rapids, Michigan �EL SOMBRERO -WELCOME- 527 BRIDGE, N.W. 10:30 A.M. - 3 A.M. MON. THRU SAT. SUN. 12 P.M. - 12 A .M. Home of the Burrito and Wet Burrito PASTOOR'S SHOP-RITE 215 MICHIGAN STREET, N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49503 Ph. 458·5915 The Chavez Family Phone 451-4290 &f1 LL Pf1 RI\ FLOR f1 L 8 VALLEY AVE., N. W . GRAND RAPIDS, Ml 49504 Lou Veenstra - owner HOFFMAN'S CONVENIENCE STORE 1034 Bridge, N.W. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504 Phone 451-8307 Gift Baskets Gift Boxes Imported Beer and Wine Liquor Lottery TELEPHONE 459-3409 P,o& & C:1.thn ...Lon9(;AJ The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee 1985, wishes to welcome everyone, to its seventh annual Pow Wow. This Pow Wow originated as an honoring of the original people of Michigan, the Ottawa, Chippewa, and the Potawatomi Nations. It is to these three Nations, the name Three Fires refers to. It has become an annual event, of the sharing of our culture, to both the Anishnawbe (Indian) and the non-Indian members of our community. We hope that you will gain a greater understanding and appreciation of our Native American culture, through participation today. The event will feature Nativ~ American culture through music, dance, arts .ind crafts and food. As Anishnawbe, we are proud to use this opportunity to display our rich heritage and culture. We hope that the community will see that Indian people are not extinct, but maintain as a part of today's society. It is along the banks of the Grand River, called by the Anishnawbe, Owashtanong, that in 1761, in the place where the rapids flow the fastest, that Chief Pontiac, assembled members from the three Nations of Michigan. We were later refered to as the Three Fires Confederacy. The existence of the Three Fires Confederacy assured territorial control and protection from other groups. It is along these banks of the Owashtanong that many Anishnawbe villages existed. Chief Qua-ke-zik (Noonday) had his village located just north of Bridge St. Chief Me-gis-o-nee-nee (Wampumman) had his village located near Fulton St. It was here where Treaty Councils took place. It is along this river where generations of Native people were born, lived, and died. And it is here today, where we honor the people of the Three Fires, and welcome them to share a part of their culture, with the many cultures that will be present today. Treat your eyes to the movements and regelia of our dancers, and let your ears and heart, listen to our heartbeat, the Drum, and allow yourself to become part of this grand celebration. Chi Megwetch Three Fires Pow Wow Committee �-AGENDA6:30 A.M. 11 :00 A.M. 2:00 P.M. Sunrise Ceremony Catholic Services (Father Haskell) Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation (Joe John) lntertribal Songs and Dance Veterans' Dance Tots Contest 5:00 P.M . Dinner Break 7:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation lntertribals Four Dance Contests Specials Dusk Retiring of the Flag Sunday, June 16, 1985 2:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation Intertriba Is Veterans' Dance Four Dance Contests Specials Awarding of Prizes Victory Dance Retiring of the Flag I PHOTOS BY GARTH BUTLER �IF YOU CANT CO TO MEXICO, WE'LL BRING MEXICO TO YOU. Ro6ie Canafe6 401 STOCKING, NW, GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN TELEPHONE n4-8822 .............../'-..--........"-"'-.,,._,__,_"-...............,.................. ~ CCJCI\IAll lt IJ~~I 1 Compliments of Frank Przybysz PHOENIX PRINTING (corner of Leonard and Fuller, N.E.) AND PUBLISHING CO. An Enterprise of Fine Quality 35 South Division Avenue Grand Rapids , Ml 49503 CHICKEN BASKET 616-459-7373 OLE FASHION COUNTRY FLAVOR - AIN'T NONE BETTER Jusr a few of rhe rhings we do. 1200 W. Fulton 451-8837 (One block east of John Ball Park Zoo) Open Everyday 11-9 p.m. Fri.-Sat. 11-10 p.m. Drive Thru Available CHICKEN - FISH - SHRIMP WEST MICHIGAN'S #l CHOICE CHICKEN ii~ Zoo II I Fulton N I j x, G) Ill :::l. <ii" 0:: Envelopes Cusrom Wedding lnvirorions Lerrerheods and Accessories Producr Orochures Marches Fliers Ourrons Labels Menus Snap-A-Parr Forms Door 1-(,nob Hangers Newslerrers Conrinuous Forms Neri- Forms Conrinuous Lerrerheods Ousiness Cords and Envelopes Posrers One ro Four Color Priming rsecord Sleeves & Labels Complere Oindery Services Cosserre Labels Logo Design Coosrers Typeserring If you don'r see ir! Jusr give us a coll, Chances ore we've done ir all. �lf~_t··:~~·:1~_ ~} ' -:.t •:a:. ~{; HEAD PERSONEL ,..,, ..··1 i 1 f. • ,._ ' i1IX ~· '?,../ ~, .,, , : .. ~ ' . k , ·..: ~ M.C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _John Bailey Head Dancers .. ...... . ... .. . George and Syd Martin Host Drum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smokeytown Singers Head Singer ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miran Pyawasit Neopit, Wisconsin Areana Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ike Peters ' ) Veteran Dancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frank Bush Head Judge ............ . . . .... . Henry "Tic" Bush 1 MULDER'S FAMILY RESTAURANT J 1040 Leonard, N.W. 3874 Plainfield, N.E. Breakfast All Day Open 6:00 a.m. - 9:00 p.m. Sun. thru Thurs. 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. Fri. and Sat. Head Dancers George and Syd Martin PHOTOS BY GARTH BUTLER �I -THANK YOU The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee wishes to thank the following donors for making this event possible. Megwetch Amway Corporation Auto Die City of Grand Rapids Chinatown Restaurant Coca Cola Bottling Robert and Ann Cooper Copper and Brass Inc. Deli Restaurant Dy Dee Service Dyer Ives Foundation Fulton Drugs Grand Rapids Foundation Grand Rapids Press Grand Rapids Singers Paul and Helen Hoffman Lear Siegler Maghiesel Tool and Die Co ., Inc. Mazda-Great Lakes North Kent Community Ed. Rapistan Co. The Sabastian Foundation Schnitzelbank Restaurant, Inc. Steelcase Foundation Union Bank The Universal Companies W.B.D.C. Inc. The Wege Foundation White and White Pharmacy Wolverine Co. PHOTOS BY GARTH BUTLER ~ NEW OWNER Tom Veneklase Johnny's Sport Shop, Inc. 736 Bridge St. N.W. Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 (616) 458-0922 Available In Essence Of: MINNOW - LEECH - CRAWFI SH CRICKET - SALMON EGG SHRIMP - NIGHT CRAWLER OPEN EARLY 7 DAYS Complete Outfitters tor Big Lake and Inland Fishing Fishing Licen1e1 · Li ve Bait· Co mplete Selectio n of Tac kle Rod & Reel Repair • Wh izk Jig Head s• Wh izk Fl oating Head s • Wh izk'n Hooks • Whizker Wo rm Wei gh ts ee-ri<~'- ~WHU~ ii t.~ ~~~~~ ~1 :.1:,11:1:J l:l• 1 IUlllf ~ w ~· -0 �-THANK YOUWe wish to thank the following people for the countless number of hours they volunteered in helping make this event a success. Megwetch The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee Evelyn Biggs John Basin Frank Bush Lois Bush Tic Bush Evelyn Castaneda Fred Chivis Fred Chivis Jr. Mary Church Isabel Compos Lynne Feaster Kotney Floyd Crystal Fox Jackie Fox Suzanne Fox Debra Gibbs Elizabeth Gibbs June Gorman Wally Hall John Hart Helen Hillman Joe John Patrick Kasequat Kim Lewis George Martin Syd Martin Merri Medawis Bill Memberto Phil Memberto Phillis Memberto Joseph Shomin Robin Menefee Gene Peters Ike Peters Mary Peters Ted Peters Raymond Robinson Bobbie Rosencrans Charles Shananaquet Dave Shananaquet Karly Shananaquet Larry Shananaquet Paul Shananaquet Punkin Shananaquet Genevieve Shirley Liz Shirley Sabrina Shirley Gary Shomin Janet Shomin Josh Shomin Leroy Shomin Melissa Shomin Jeanette St. Clair Kyle St. Clair Liz St. Clair Percy St. Clair Windy White Roger Williams David R. Wonegeshik Sr. Patsy Wonegeshik Angeline Yob Juan Martell PHOTOS BY GARTH BUTLER �WEST SIDE TRADING POST 913 Bridge, N.W. Phone 454-2303 Services: * Dry Cleaning and Shirt Laundry * Post Office Sub-station 648 Bridge St., N.W. * Groceries, Beer, Wine and more. Pal Joeys • ® METROPOLITAN DEVELOPERS, INC. 168 l.oui.r Campau Promenade Grand Rapid.r. Michigan Home Builders and Remodelers 454-3141 931 Bridge St., N.W. Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 343 MICHIGAN N. E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1985-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow program, June 1985 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow program, Ah-Nab-Awen Park, Grand Rapids, MI June 15-16, 1985 collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Three Fires Pow-wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f9805f0362daf4e73ef3b19b2e877610.pdf 65a4b3d73e0b74660c893e158fa72041 PDF Text Text GRAND RAPIDS l 1981 �INTRODUCTION . THE GOALS OF THE THREE FIRES FESTIVITIES ARE TO PRESERVE AND ADVANCE MICHIGAN INDIAN CULTURE, BY THE COMING TOGETHER OF MANY INDIAN TRIBES TO HONOR INDIAN ART, AND TO AQUAINT OUR NON-INDIAN FRIENDS, AND NEIGHBORS WITH THE RIC~ HERITAGE OF AMERICAN INDIAN ARTISTS, ARTISANS, AND DANCE SPECIALISTS, THE TWO DAY EVENT WILL STRESS THIS CULTURE AND HERITAGE THROUGH SONG, DANCE, ART, CRAFTS, AND A SERIES OF SHORT NARRATED CEREMONIES DEPICTING THE LIFESTYLES OF MICHIGAN INDIANS BEFORE, OR AT THE TIME OF, THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS TO THE GREAT LAKES AREA, 1. �PERTAINING TO ART CONTEST MASTER OF CEREMONIES: JOHN BAILEY HOST DRUM: oMI-GI-ZI SINGERS LEAD SINGER: WINDY WHITE LEAD DANCER - f1EN 'S: -DENNIS SHANANAQUETLEAD DANCER WOMEN'S: -PUNKIN MARTIN- 2, PAUL COLLINS, INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN ARTIST, IS HELPING TO ORGANIZE AND COORDINATE THE ART CONTEST, THE ART CONTEST HAS TEN CATEGORIES, AND THEY ARE: BEADWORK, LEATHER WORK, WOODWORK, QUILLWORK, METAL WORK, BASKETS, QUILTS, AND OF COURSE PAINTINGS AND DRAWINGS BY AMERICAN INDIANS, THIS VERY RICH HERITAGE OF AMERICAN INDIPNS CAN Ef SEEN IN THEIR ARTISTIC CREATIONS, MANY CONTEMPORY ARTISTS CARES AND ~ONCERNS ARE SHOWN IN THEIR DRAWINGS, SOME METHODS OF CONSTRUTION ARE DATED BACK TO THE TIME BEFORE THE NON-INDIAN PEOPLE APPEARED ON THIS CONTINENT, 3, �POW HOW PROGRAM POW vmw PROGRAM -SATURDAY AFTERNOON- ~: ~: ~: ~: 10. 3, GRAND ENTRY: FLAG SONG: INVOCATION: INTERTRIBALS: INTRODUCE: SPECIALTY DANCING ROUND DANCING RABBIT DANCING INTERTRIBALS RETIRE FLAG: -SUNDAY AFTERNOON- EVERYONE RISE 2:00 PM EVERYONE RISE EVERYONE RISE EACH DRUM SINGERS, HEAD DANCERS 2:3. 4. 5. 6. l: 9 EVERYONE RISE lt 13. +~: i6. -SATURDAY EVENING1, 2. 3. 4, 5, ~: 8. !¢. i2: 13. 14. 15. 16. GRAND ENTRY: FLAG SONG: INVOCATION: INTRODUCE: INTERTRIBALS: ART CONTEST CONTEST: SPECIALTY DANCING CONTEST: CONTEST: INTERTRIBALS CONTEST: CONTEST: REQUESTS HONOR SONGS RETIRE FLAG L7, EVERYONE RISE 7:00 PM EVERYONE RISE EVERYONE RISE SINGERS, HEAD DANCERS EACH DRUM TINY TOTS 18. 19, 20. EVERYONE RISE 1:00 PM GRAND ENTRY: EVERYONE RISE FLAG SONG: EVERYONE RISE INVOCATION: SINGERS, HEAD DANCERS INTRODUCE: EACH DRUM INTERTRIBALS BABY CONTEST SPECIALTY DANCING VETERANS SONG INTERTRIBALS WOMAN;S TRADITIONAL CONTEST: ONE INTERTRIBAL WOMAN'S FANCY CONTEST: ONE INTERTRIBAL MEN'S TRADITIONAL CONTEST: ONE INTERTRIBAL MEN'S FANCY CONTEST: RETIRE FLAG REQUESTS ANNOUNCE A6l WINNERS, ALL COMMITTEES, ALL GUESTS HONOR SONG: FOR ALL 0-5 BOYS 6-12 GIRLS 6-12 JR, BOYS 13-17 GIRLS 13-17 EVERYONE RISE EVERYONE RISE i 4. , I 5. I, ! I �FANCY DANCE: MEN &WOMEN TRADITIONAL MEN &WOMEN FANCY DANCING IS MORE OF A COMPETITIVE DANCE OF SPEED AND COORDINATION IN FOOT WORK AND BODY MOVEMENT, TRADITIONAL DANCING IS THE ORIGINAL STYLE OF NATIVE AMERICAN DANCING AND CONSIDERED HIGHLY RESPECTED BY ALL NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLE, THEY ARE JUDGED ON THEIR TRADITIONAL OUTFITS, ALSO A FANCY DANCER MUST KEEP TIME WITH THE DRUM, START WHEN IT DOES AND STOP WHEN IT DOES, THEY ARE JUDGED BY STYLE, CARRIAGE AND OUTFIT, THE FEATHERS, BELLS, AND BEADS ARE ALL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STYLE THEY CHOOSE, ~•~-~r -- . ·- i I' li ~~. "J,,'Jfffl!JtW '/ ' _'"):/;/ 6, / . ' 7. �FRIENDS OF THE POW WOW CO-SPONSORS GRAND RAPIDS PARKS DEPARTMENT GRAND RAPIDS INTERTRIBAL COUNCIL PETER C, AND EMA JEAN COOK CHARITABLE TRUST RAPID STANDARD FOUNDATION P,M, WEGE ME I JER, I NC SCHNIZELBANK RESTAURANT LEAR SIEGLER KEELER BRASS COMPANY MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK CEN TRAL THE UNIVERSAL COMPAN IES PAUL COL~I NS EBERHARD S LEONARD AND JUNE WESTDALE MI GI 21 SINGE RS BISSELL, INCORPORATED EMPLOYEES CHARITY ALLOYTELE, INC, SPARTAN STORES UNION BANK HYLAND GR~TA BERKOWITZ FOUNDATION STEKETTEE S CLARK9 FOOD STORE DOUMA S ART SUPPLY CARL FORSHUND WESTSIDE MARKET LITJLE MEXICO CAFE DONS TATOO SHOP FOOD AND BEVERAGE CENTER B & L LIQ90RS MIDDLETON S DRUGS OLD WORLD GALLERY CHIC'S PAINT &WALLPAPER MITI-MINI MART WEST COMES EAST PAT CARLTON DELIGHT BAKERY KEEBLER TOM FOX kOGER'S MERCHANDISE & SHOES MC SPORTI~G GOODS MC DONALDS RESTAURANTS I - 0 I; l \/ /_ .,·-\ ·\ t\. -~ .~)iJ// t ~:,_.·'""'·· ij. i·.."·\;.' . ._·.-,_· :\ti\,.-.~.-)v\ lJ - I 1 ;. I1/',, ,, [ / l L~ l / ' , ,•;, ' j.·- 1,~; ;· ·. :,· ~1. , if!:''·· . t<idt\i' ,· -. \. . ~: i ' ', . . ·--; -: ...., . i_l ' •/ - a ,. if ' l • . ' • -r... ·1Y>- ·, - f' l ' I j J • : " ,- , :'fuJ_, . .. . . '!,'-,_ ; - I, '10 • ·', -~~t_'tv·,,-1·' ·.r ~'-'" ·-- -. , -·· · /,._,._."_ . \_\ '· "\ \ ,"" . ~./"x.tb ·"-.'... . - '·, .... ~ "-', A\ \ ""' ~1,1:~ L; wcuz " , l~ '_,,1,"f' .,' ;;; \<[ ~; ;~· - ..,,~~~.i' ,. · " ,\ -~ t.~~ (1 . - 'll\ '\·-.'f"'''F-.. ;;.,,,,._ -.;;f, , :. .-Ir- 11• !:·\· ,iA-"!::v -,:.'. ' R!'~.. ----- I' • \ ' .cwt; l\ J/!:.' ,, i• .,f' ".';.~ - '.jf~' ,;-.,/::::,":.,:':,'.?/ '~.~;· •..;.~ /. , /~,:s l{/ ~~ • .... /, r(; \ ' , •' . ')~- ' - -~ ll.ir'i' /,] ' 't I / /. ·_.-. ·''. ; ~' ' "*d/ .- 1' L· / 8. s~~vTEt PUBLIC WOOD BROADCASTING 1 k,~!.\. -"t,...,, ,,i ·"· ' ,', "\~~V\{} t\~lil!IS • ' ., . .,·. "'i.-d}iK\!1 _ ' THANKS ~\J,,t· /. J, . \, J<1' ,l,J,A, ' \ ' :. . ·, -· -··-·l!l'l, -""~ ' ., ',•'·, · ,,1. ' ' WLAV WTWN WGRD WJFM WZZM TV 13 WUHQ TV 41 THE GRAND RAPIDS PRESS THE ADVANCE NEWSPAPER __;.- 9, ii '\ �ID~e @,c~nit 5elbank RESTAURANT & COCKTAIL LOUNGE 4.59-9527 Hefner's Art Gallery 1440 Wealthy, S.E. (West of Lake Drive) Grand Rapids, Mi. 49506 Telephone: (616) 458-1715 RANCH REALTY 2739 Breton Road, S.E. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506 Business (616) 942-8900 Residence (616) 458-3687 JIM WHITE Each Office is Independently Owned and Operated � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1981 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1981 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow program, Grand Rapids, MI 1981 collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Three Fires Pow-wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c8f4e2c7979433a4a5cd4fc694d82c39.pdf f25f5f5374095b200ed30a6c51963588 PDF Text Text TAYLOR TITLE IV INTER TRIBAL POW WOW -Dancing & Drumming Competition & Prizes SHERIDAN COMMUNITY CENTER 12111 Pardee Taylor, Michigan 48180 Saturday, May 5, 1984 12 Noon to 9:00 p.m. Grand Entry 1:00 p.m. ADMISSION: FREE In Honor of All American War Veterans Sorry No Food Stand Set Ups Refreshments Available at Center Concession Stand 5:00 p.m. Meal Available Adults: $3.50 Children: $2.00 Traders Welcome $10.00 - Table & 2 Chairs --CONT ACT PERSONS-- Lee Harvey Debbie & Jim Klein (313) 287-4400 Ext. 480 (313) 382-7728 * SEE OTHER SIDE FOR MAP * �I I GARDEN CITY > ;; t,U,R 0!)[ 1T£ C % u CHOtAY HILL :s;, TWP. ''°" ~ 1I r~=-c::a=J . .-1;~=-"' I ~ I g I ~, TAYLOR ~ I , G0D0 AR0 IR(ST fUR£1C4 J>R~SCOTT S1 8Lf'f I HURON I TWP. l"llllt I I + R lM. To Monroe To Toledo � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_taylor-inter-tribal-pow-wow_1984-05 Title A name given to the resource Taylor Title IV Inter Tribal Pow Wow, May 1984 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-05 Description An account of the resource Taylor Title IV Inter Tribal Pow Wow flyer, Taylor MI, May 5, 1984, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2c0aad5e6dbb75f7777ac2452576a5d0.pdf 4d8877c1c9de7f17c2756057b1fd8a7f PDF Text Text G,fAff) VALLEYAl!E/?/(,411 /)//J/1111 LO/JCE EXTEHl)S AN OPFN INYITATI0/1 TO 01/R STORY TELLING � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_story-telling-drum-protocol-meeting_ Title A name given to the resource Story Telling and Drum Protocol Meeting, January ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-01 Description An account of the resource Story Telling and Drum Protocol Meeting flyer, January 8, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley American Indian Lodge Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/541f13266d9de98247d4f0bb5fe7334f.pdf 2c3d694e98343ebde74979008e99280f PDF Text Text t,-- -------=___:_-=- ---..:::=- ______ --- ANNUAL SNOWSNAKE TOURNAMENT sponsored by: AMERICAN IND/AN CO-OP BLUEWATER and AMERICAN INDIAN CTYr1MUNI.T/ES' l£ADERSH/P COUNCIL EAST C/-IINA SCHOOL · DISTRICT JANUARY 2S, 1986 ISB5 MIESNER !<OAP 10:00 am. io 3 :00 pm. MARINE CITY 48039 CONTACT: NILA YOUNG- 313- 765 - 4998 313-765-8104 LUNCH- DRUM I TRADE.RS WELCOME pay_ fur meal only ,.P hot\ ( w,=th a school d strict J �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_snowsnake-tournament_1986-01 Title A name given to the resource Annual Snowsnake Tournament, January 1986 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-01 Description An account of the resource Annual Snowsnake Tournament flyer, Marine City MI, January 25, 1986, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bluewater American Indian Co-op Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cf82df6a875493927725a9d512bb60ef.pdf 63427a4410d05af5d9957007bbc5c54a PDF Text Text J~Ji r;JJ~ {ljfab &. !J'~ CflJo-odrtff 1/Wite,~ w- th,ejr. §mf«m, 1P~ { J ~ foze ,22y {!}&6 -2.·cJO ~.nv. A POWWOW Jfjtu- tll,b ~~ ~Jouv IL& 1/V ceidrradMb p/Jt?y WtUv (HV- IP mi/d~ ~ ~ (H;/lM,{)fi~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~&~~ Drums .c "' L E o Ceremonial Grounds s ,.. . - i~ E Red Flasrnng Lignt - ~~ Four Winds Bonfire .:;-,: . • ~ _A.Ppte Dr Mt.:sKegon ~ .> ~]Ill - 1-96 Expressway to Grand Rapids · . -. ~·· . • ,1 : 0rt~'S CCl,f{lll.J/y(.,/o-r- O-t1L--fl:doo-rnfa.. {i]mtJ' a, 6/anA.e.t, ~ .wnzetizuy;, w- &t., Oll,; ~ .,. . . ,. ,·.I /' } .f ., ~'/!',,rr > <f ..,-:-.(>_t?,."J,,..i'-' / , .<>1 • l't)..-'_·././ F.Tr:,ltn _,, n /''11' ,._, ,.,,....,, ~ ,/J..,4 .(7,('.,., ~""f~' ·, ·I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_smoke-signal-indian-wedding_1985-06 Title A name given to the resource Smoke Signal Indian Wedding and Pow Wow, June 1985 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-06 Description An account of the resource Smoke Signal Indian Wedding and Pow Wow flyer, Nunica MI, June 22, 1985, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/67ae529b1c125ad7642cdbddb99d841b.pdf c6b6ff4f84cb98d6303d13d874c6cf39 PDF Text Text Secretariat for Social Concerns Diocese of Grand Rapids Oc t o be r 2 5 , l 9 9 l Boo-joo, nee-dji/Hello, friend: The time is upon us to once again remember our family members and friends who have entered the spirit world. And we recall their presence in a way that preceded the Christian faith on these shores. For the present-day Ghost Supper has its roots in the Feast .of the Dead that was celebrated by woodland tribes before the coming of the Europeans. Missionaries of the 16th and 17th centuries carefully recorded this feast in their journals. But now we remember them in the promise of Christ. Two Catholic corrmunities in the diocese are having these suppers. Your and your family are cordially invited .to attend either one --whether or not you are attending church or where you go to church. ALL ARE WELCOME! NOVEMBER 2 1 1992 ("S,,,7!.IRO;t:l Y) NOTE: An All Souls Day Potluck Dinner will be held at St. Joseph Church, Elbridge at 5:00 p.m. Mass f o l l ow s at 7 : 0 0 p . m. The l i tu r g y w i l l be offered by Rev. Lou Baudone, pastor of St. Gregory Parish, Hart. Please bring a dish to pass and tableware for your family. If you are free Friday afternoon, Nov. 1, you are invited to help clean St. Joseph's. This is because the church is only used once a month and not at all during the winter. For more information or directions on how to get there, call Carolyn Reed, 616/873-4743 (eve.) or 616/861-5767 (days.) NOVEMBER 8, 1992 {.CR1D;::}y) The Grand River Kateri Cir~le is hosting a Ghost Supper from 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. at St Mary's Church cafeteria, 423 First St., N.W., Grand Rapids. Rev. John Vallier will speak. For more information or to help out, call Kelly Compo Wesaw, 241-0825. Mee-gwetch for your support of these efforts to remind us of our beloved dead, and to bring us all closer together. Sincerely in Christ, ~ Shirley Francis, Coordinator NATIVE AMERICAN APOSTOLATE 650 Burton Street S. E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49507 Phone (616) 243-0491 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_secretariat_1991-10 Title A name given to the resource Secretariat for Social Concerns, October 1991 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-10 Description An account of the resource October 1991 issue of Secretariat for Social Concerns by the Diocese of Grand Rapids collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diocese of Grand Rapids Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francis, Shirley (Author) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>