465 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/de2de9d8dd4e2767ca28a2801e1cee5f.pdf 33789f840e5656706854d9a89d6280db PDF Text Text I - "A PART OF THE MAIN" Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby, Vice President, W. K. Kellogg Fo~~dation, at the Farm Management Ban~uet Farmer's Week - Mi chigan State Uni ver s i t y February 1, 1968 I. An Election Year: In recent weeks, we have been treated to a number of political spectaculars - The President's St~te of the Union; the Republican's state of the Union; the Governor's state of the State - al l just forerunners of "more to come" in this election year. .: u': r '", ~ '.: In political tradition, tendency to "point with pride" and to "view with alarm." In American farr.ling today: A. Poi nt with pride, to such as 1. the productivity, efficiency of American f armers (On the average, 1 person in u.s. agriculture today supplies abundantly the food and fibre needs of 40 persons -- compared to 26 in 1960 and only 10 persons 30 ye ars ago . ) 2. .. the ability of American farmers to apply mushrooming technology to // problems of farming .'" J - \, I ~ c' .i ~" _' , (Between 1950 and 1965, output per man-hours in agriculture rose nearly three times as fast as in non-farming occupations---132 per cent in agriculture against 47 p er cent in the rest of the ' economy. ) (If we were as far ahead of the Russians in the space race ,a s we are in agriculture, we would be running a shuttle service It o the moon. ) 3. the contribution of agricultural productivity in making it possible for America to have the highest standard of living known to man (Without the immense l abor - saving contribution on t he part of agr-Lcul.ture-o-t'r-eedng manpower f or other productive endeavor s-- I I ~', 1''''' '1;,.. I' �2 - : ou rn a t i o nwou ld no t en joyth eabun d an c eo fgood s and s e r v i c e s o fa l lkind swhi c hw e ha v e . ) 4 . thev i a b i l i t yo ft h ef am i lyf a rm , sp ann ingth ech ang ef romth e su b s i s t e n c ef a rm ingo fa c e n t u r yago t ot h eh ighl ycomp l excomm e r c i a l i z ed f a rm ingo ftod ayand tomo r row 5 . th esy s t emo fland g r a n t in s t i t u t i o n s ,ap rodu c to fth ev i s i o no f p i o n e e rf a rml e a d e r s -w i t hp rog r am so ft e a c h i n g ,r e s e a r c hand I I' e x t e n s i o n i na g r i c u l t u r e , fi r s t and nowcomp r eh en s iv e u n i v e r s i t i e s o fs c a l eand q u a l i t y . S p e c i f i c a l l y , MSU -t h ep i o n e e rl a n d g r a n t c o l l e g e-an di t sp r e se n tC o l leg eo fA g r i c u l t u r e ,w i th i t sf a c u l t y , p rog r am s , and g r adu a t e sm a in t a in ing a s t a t e ,na t i o n a land i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e pu ta t i o n . B . V i ew w i th a l a rm ( c o n c e r n s ) ,su cha s1 . t h epe r s i s t e n tpoo rp r o f i ts i t u a t i o ni nmu ch o fa g r i c u l t u r e ,w i th f a rmp eop l eg e n e r a l l yno ts h a r i n gi nth ea f f l u e n c eand p r o s p e r i t yo f ou rs o c i e t y( c o s t p r i c esqu e e z e ) . 2 . t h e \ .un c e r t a i np ro sp e ct o fen t r yi n t of a rm ingby c o r p o r a t i o n sh av ing o t h e r ,p e rh ap s non -a g r i c u l t u r a li n t e r e s t s 3 . thecon t i n u i n gon rusho fn ewt e chno lo gy ,n ewc i r cum s tan c e s ,n ew i n f l u e n c e s-f o r c i n gc o n t i n u i n gchang e and a d j u s t m en ts i nth ef a rm e n t e r p r i s e 4 . thef r u s t r a t i o n s ,de l a y sandfa i l u r e so ff a rmi n s t i t u t i o n san d o r g a n i z a t i o n si nr e spond ingt ot h ec u r r e n tn e em o f comme r c i a l a g r i c u l t u r e 5 . thechang ingn a t u r eo ft h elabo ri n p u ti nf a rm ing-fa rm e r s and f a rm l e a d e r sa r eb e ingcomp e l l e dt ot a k ea w ho l en ewlooka tf a r ml a b o r , d e p a r t i n gf romt h e" f am i l yf a rm "n o t i o no fth ep a s twh en l a nd ,l a b o r , '~ ' . . . . . �. . . . -3 c a p i t a landm an ag em en t we r ev e s t e di non ep e r son o rf am i lyandb e com ing ap a r to fan i n d u s t r i a l i z e ds o c i e t yi nwh i ch th ep a t t e r nf o rf a rm l a b o rmu s tb e con s i s t e n tw i th t h ef r am ewo rko~ r u l e se s t a b l i s h edby t h ei n d u s t r i a lwo rk f o r c e . 6 . theth r e a to fs u b s t i t u t e s ,i nwh i ch food sd e r i v edf rom on es e c t o ro f f a rm in gm ayb e com e an i n c r e a s i n g l ys e r i o u st h r e a tt oano th e rs e c t o ro f t h ef a rmi n d u s t r y( d a i r y ) ,' . '1 7 . th eunf am i l i a r , e a~ un com fo r t ab l e ,~ o e t o fb a r g a i n i n ga s an r t an te l em en ti nf a rmm ar k e ting in c reas ing lyimpo M any o ft h e s et o p i c s-on t h eon eh and o rt h eo t h e r-a r et emp t ingand m igh t b e expl o r e dt oadv an t a g e . Ih avee l e c t e d , how ev e r , t os t ep a sidef romt h e s e c e n t r a l ,p r e s s i n gi s s u e s -w h i l eno td en y ingt ; le i rim po r t an ce and r e l e v a n c e a n d sugg es ta looka tAm e r i c an f a rm ingt o d ay and t o mo r row i ns l i g h t l yd i f f e r e n t p e r spe c t i v e . I I . AP a r t o ft h eM a in Th et i t l ef o rmy r em a rk scom e s ,a sm an yo fyou r e c o g n i z e ,f r o m th eS ev en t e en th C en tu ry w r it e r ,Jo hn ~onne ( 16 24 ) : "No m anis an i s l a n d , e n t i r eo fi t s e l f , Ev e ry m a ni sa p ie ce o ft h ec o n t i n e n t , A pa r t o fth e m a in ." I I nt h e s efewwo rd s , t h e' t : r i te rs ums upth ees s en c eo ft h i n g s "hum a r l -o a ! I r e co gn i ti o nt h a ti nth eb ro th e rhood o fm ank ind , th ew e l l -b e ing , th ef u l ll i f e , t h eu l t im a t eq u a l i t i e so ft h ei n d i v i d u a la r ei n exo r ab lyi n t e r tw i n e dw i th th el i f e o fo t h e r s . Aso c ia l con s c i en c e ,as en s eo f~ e on i i it for o t h e r sa sw e l l a s se l f ,an ex t en siono ft h ef a rmt r a d i t iono fne i ghbo r ing ep r i v i l e g ei nmy wo rk t ot r av e le A sI h av e th ' en i e~ , v i si t i n gw i th p eop l ei nm any w a lk so fl i f e ,I h av e com et ot h e un e a sy fe e l i ng t h a tf a rmp eop l e .. •, ,· r ·· . . . .I . . ,4,., . . �-4 " " " , 1\J (1 , \ a r et osom ed eg r e e ou to fph a s e wi t hth es o c i e t yo fwh ich we a r ea l la p a r t ;t h a t t h e r ee x i s t si na s en s ean a p a r t n e s sf romt h em a in s t r e amo f con t e mpo r a ry Am e r i c a ; t h a t ,i na p r eo ccup a t ionw i th p rodu c t ionand co mmod i t i e s and p r i c e s, a nd p r o f i t s , ) . ./ 01; 1t,I , c t h e r eh a s oc cu r r edan e r o s i o no ft h es o c i a lcon sc i en c ewh i ch h a sc h a r a c t e r i z e d andg r a c ed t h er u r a landth ef a rm . Th is i sdi f f i c u l tt odo cum en t , tooe t h e r e a l I I~' p ';. , 1' 1 t om e a su r e , y e t. ' i tpe r s i s t si nva r i e de v i d ence : i nfa rmd i s c u s s i o n s , conc er n sfo rp l a n ts ,an im a l s ,l andand co mmodi t y ( va l u e so v e r r i d e~ o e , s ch o o l s ,he a l t h , hum ansk i lls , and comp r eh e n s iv e c u l t u r a lv a l u e s . -i ns t u d i e swh i ch con sf .s te r r tLy i n d i c a t et h a tf a rmp a r e n t st endt o a tt a ch l e s simpo r t an c eboedu c a t ionf o rt h e i ryoung s t e r s th ando non f a rm p a r e n t s . Th i ss e em st ob ep a rticul a rlyt r u ei fth ef a rm son sh av ei n t e n t i o n st of a rm . - bo y swho p l an t of a rmf e e lt h a tedu ca t i o nb eyond h igh s choo li s r e l a t i v e l yun impo r t an t a ~d h av elowe red u c a t i o n a laspi r a tion s th an do f a r mboy sw i t : lo th e ro c cu p at i on a l pl a n s . -r u r a lyou th no t on ly co mpl e t ef ewe ry ea r so fs choo l , bu t th eya lso r e c e i v eg en e ra l ly w h a t m u s t be con si d e r edi n f e r i o rs ch o o li n g . -i nre p o r t s o fS e lect i v eS e rvi c ee a~ ina t i o n , i n d i ca t i n ga poo r e r ph y s i c a lr e c o r df o rr u r a l th anfo ru rbanyou th -th el a go fr u r a lcommun i t i e si nh ea l t hs er v ices ,hou s ing ,c u l t u r a l env i ronm en t , commun i ty s e r v i c ei n s t i t u t i o n sg en e ra lly . -i nv i s i t sw i th Co l l eg eo f f i c i a l sand Ex t en s ion ag en t sandf a rm ~ .1' . .1 I ,1r; ' .f .1 . , I 'I ' o r g a n i z a t i o n l e a d e r swho w i l ld i s c u s sw i th z e s tand exp r e s sg r e a t con c e rnf o r n ewv a r i eti e s ,n ew m a r k e ti n gp a t t e r n s ,p rodu c ti o n o ri e n t e dr e s e a r c h ,bu t in w hom no r e s pon s ec anb e evok edreg a rd ing h; ! ( d i H th e qu a l i t yo fe l e ment a r yand s e co n da ry edu c at i o ninr u r a la r e a s , h ea l t hs e r v i c e sf o ri s o l a t e dr u r a l .'" 1 " " . a~i i e and o~~uni t ie , con ti n ui n g �· . -5 e d u c a t i o n a loppo r tuni ti e s-no tj u s tch ann e l edt e c hni c a l in fo rm a t ion-f o rfa rm e r s and f a rmw iv e s . Who sp e ak sf o rr u r a lAm e r i c a? Is ag ricu l tu re d ev e lop ingamut u a l l yb en ef i c i a l r o l eandr e l a t i o n s h i pw i th t o t a l i~ ' ' I ,e ! ' {\ o ~et i nth ep ro c e s so fu rb ani z at i o n ? ; r S om e h ow t h i ss e em si nsh a rpco n t r a s tt oth er i c ht r a d i t i o no ff a rm ,r u r a l , ag r i c u l t u r e . C a s t i ngan ey eba ckove rt h ep as t e n~ u , th ei n f l u e n c eo fr u r a l v a l u e s ,m or e s ,a s p i r a t i o n si smanyp lac es ev id en t . P e rh ap si ti sno mo r e p e r v a s i v e l yo rt a n g i b l ye v i d e n t ,f o rou r pu rpo s es t o n i gh t , th ani nth ef a c to f t h el a n d g r a n t sy s t emo fh igh e r educ a t i o n : 1850 (186 2 ) - a con c e rnf o rf a rm in gand f a rmp eop l e ,t om ak e t h e adv an t a g e so fh i gh e r ed u c ationa v a il a b let oth eson s andd aughte rs a rm e r sandt h ewo rk ing c l a ss e s ,to d i r e c tth ea t t en tion o f o ff su chi n s t i t u t i o n st ot h ep rob lem so fe a rn inga l i v i n ga sw e l la s l i v i n ga l i f e . 1887-then ,t h er e a l i z a t i o nw ed idn ' t knowenou gh , so r e s e a r ch 1898- a con c e rnf o rt h eq u a l i t yo f a~i l i f e ,soh om ee conom i c s 1900 - a con c e rnth a tt r a d i t i o n a ls ch o o l i n gw a s n ' tp r e p a r i n g young s t e r sf o rth ek ind so fl i v e stheywou ld l e ad , so Boy s and G i r l s C lub wo rk , now4 -H -t h ee s t a b l i s hm en t by Co l l eg es o fA g ri c u l t u r eo fd ep a r tm en t s i o fr u r a ledu ca t i o nand o fr u r a lso c io logy , con c e rn edw i th th e' we l l b e i ng o fr u r a lfol k s om ak et h er e s ou rces o fth e a~ u 1914- t av a i l a b l e toa ll,Ex t en s ion A l lt h e s ed ev e lopm en t s , inn ova t i o n so fth eh i g h e s to rd e r and g rea t e s ts o c i a l and e co nomi cs i g n i f i c a n c e ,a p rodu c to ff a rml e ad e r s h i p, acon c e rnf o rmo r eth an j u s tf a rmp rodu c t ionand m an ag em e n t , a con c e rnf o rth ef a rm e rand h is f am i ly a sw e l l. . .a s o c i a lcon s c i en c e . . . . . ..: . , ; . . . . . . �· . -6 Bu th av ef a rmp eop l eb e en s im i l a rl e a d e r si nm ak ing su cho p p o r t u n i t i e s i.~ , ... . ,.( a v a i l a b l ef o rnon f a rmp eop l e ? No ,g en e ra lly no t-h av ep e r s i s t e n t l yr e s i s t e d F e d e r a la i dt oe d u c a t i o n , ex c ep tf o ra i u tu a~ r e s e a r c hand e x t e n s i o n , v o c a t i o n a la g r i c u l t u r eand h om ee conom i c s ;h av er e s i s t e dmov e s o f" t h e i r " U n i v e r s i t i e st ob e com e mo r e con c e rn ed and i n t im a t e l yinvo lv edi nth ei s s u e s ~t o fu rb an i z edAm e r i c a . v [h e r e a sf a rml e a d e r sw e r ei nth ef o r e f r o n to fmov em en t s t or e l a t eknow l edg e ,r e s e a r c h ,edu c a t iont ot h ep rob l em so fAm e r i c a wh en i t w a s ,11 .1 ( / " . ,. . e s s e n t i a l l yr u r a l ,h av ef a i l e dt op ropound t h es am eav enu e sf u rth et o t a lsoc i e t y a si t h a su rb an i z ed , and t oa d eg r e es e emt oh av eb e com ei n c r e a s i n g l yeng ro s s ed i nt h eapp lic a tion so fte no o~ t ot h ep rob l em so ff a rm ingandag r i c u l t u r e , w it hle s s en in g cun c e rn fo r .t h e,1wrw , !"1 u nd Luo hWr. lJ .1W . A s on e su rv ey sth eAm e r i c an s c en e tod ay ,c e r t a i ni s s u e swh i ch s e emt ob e c r e s t i n g ,i s s u e so fm a jo rs i g n i f i c a n c eno to n 'L yt of a rmand r u r a lg eo : ? l e , bu t t oa l lo fs o c i e t y . I wou ld subm i tt h a tt h eb e s ti n t e r e s t so ff a rmand r u r a l , and o fa l lAm e r i c a , w i l lb es e rv edi f f a rmp eop l ea s sum ep o s i t i o n so fl e a d e r s h i p and i n f l u e n c ei nt h e s es p h e r e s . L e tm e c i t eon ly two : I . Th eq u a l i t yo fou r env i ronm en t : A . P o l l u t i o n -Am e r ic ana f f l u e n c e tod aycon t am in a t e s th en a t i o n ' s w a t e r , a i r ,and l and~a te th anna t u r eand m an ' s p r e s e n te f f o r t s c an c l e a n s ethem, PoL l u tLon i sanin cJ. irec tr e s u l to fou rp u r s u i t o fev e rh i g h e rs t a n d a r d so fl i v i n g. . . .o f th eev e ryd aya c t i v i t i e s wh i ch a r ep a r to f i~e i namod e rn , te / { ' : ~, ~ ,(d....( ~i a adv an c edn a t i o n . , ,, , A g r i c u l t u r ei sb o t hag u i l t yp a r t y-and a p l a i n t i f f .I B . Sp a c e - 70p e r c e n to ft h ep eop l el i v eon 1p e r c e n to ft h el a n d . Th e r ei sa t h e o r y ,~ o ounded bya n t h r o p o l o g i s tEdw a rd T .H a l l , t h a tp ropo s e s a "hum an sp a c eb u b b l e as a c r e db i to f sp a c e , ab i to f mob i l et e r r i t o r i a l i t ywh i ch on ly af ew o t h e ro rg an i sm sa r ea l l o w e d �-7 t op en e tra t e , andth enfo ro n l y sh o rt p e r i o d so ft i m e . I ft h i s human sp a cebu bb l ei sr e p e at e d l y su b j e c t ed t ob a t t e r i n gby ou ts ide f o r c e s su chas ov e r cr o w dedhou singo rf r e ew ay s , th e o c cup an t m ay f i n dh im s e lf d ev e lop ingag g r es s i v er e l a t i o n si l ip sw i th tho s ea rou nd h im . " A sa W a sh i n gtonPo s t ed i t o r i a lo 'b s e rv ed : "We h av eb e enm ad l ybu ild ing c i t i e si nre c en tde c a d es w i th v i r t u a l l yno thou gh to fm an 's v i t a ln e ed f o rl i v i n gsp ace. e s sa cu t et h an t h en e ed f o rfood ,s h e l t e r ,and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . " no l , T ~ ~l '~" F r om : D ISPOS IT ION T o : a ' Adm ini s t r a t iv eF i l t i o n sf o ru r ban p rob l em s ,r e v i t a l i z a t i o no fth ecoun t ry s id e? " _ amilyfo rm sth en e a r e s tt ocomp l e t e ife- Th eh a rm on iou sf A c ' l lvnI '1I1111W ah i l ', '1111 • A c t i voP r o j e c tF i lo• - -: In ac t i voP r o jo c tI ' i l o• I In ac t iveFe l low sh ipF i l e ' . G en er a lF i l e J I ' thu i i ~ ~ und p ronpor l . t .y0f. 'l ;1 1U j Ju : cuunItli WIJ11 /.J,U l s s a r yfound a t iono fs o c i e t y . M an y wou ld su um i tt h a t Was t eB ask e t In s e r tnnmeo fF o lde r . Hen r yD avi dThor e au : oCollegeCatalogs oFoundationCollection rgg es t th a t th is ,t o o ,isf a d ing i n t oa r u r a lmy th , oProjectPublications oPamphlet File i n " !w en t t othewood s be c au se I cont e mpo r a ry va l u e s . N on e the less , f a rmp eop l e do t end \ ' f ishedtoli v ede l i b e r a t e l y ,t o f r o n t on l yt h ee ss e n t i a lf a c ts l f am i lyr e l a t i o n sh i p s and t i e s .I n c r e a s i n g l yi ti s o fl i f e , an ds e eif I co u l dn o t le a r nwh a ti t had t ot e a ch,an dzed t h a tth e"p ro b l e mp eop le" o f ou rs o c i e t ya r e th e n o t, wh enI c am et od i e ,d i s c o v e rI h a dn o tl i v e d . " o f Ln ad equ a ' ten om e and f am i lys i t u a t i o n s . By "p rob l em w em ay m ean schoo ld rop o u t s , th ec h r o n i c a l l yun emp loy ed , :: u e li n q r , . e n t :o,those p e r e r . r . i a .ll yon w e l f a r e , c r i m i n a l s , a nd o th e rs w ho 8 .reno t "p roduc t i v e " pe r son si nt h ev a r iou sr o l e swh i ch ou r con t empo r a ry soc i e t ye x p e c t s . I I I I I C ant .n e" f a rmf am i ly "mod e l be u s ef u li np rov id ing an sw e : c s' to f am i lyp a t t e : cn sf o rt h ef u t u r e ? �-8 On eo fth emo s t c r i t i c a lch a l l eng e st oem e rg e tod ayf romw i t h i n ou rc i v i l i z a t i o ni st h ed e te rio ra tion o fou r env i ronm en t and t h e t h r e a tt ot h eq u a l i t y0 : ' ou re x i s t e n c e . Ru r a l pov e r ty : F rom t h er e p o r to ft h eN a t i o n a l Comm i s s ion onRu r a l Pov e r ty : "Ru r a lpov e r ty i sso w id e sp r e ad , and so a c u t e ,a st ob e a t i o n a ld i s g r a c e , and i t scon s equ en c e sh av e sw ep ti n t oou r an c i t i e s ,v i o l e n t l y . Th eu rb an r i o t sdu ring1 9 6 7had th e i rr o o t s ,i ncon s id e r ab l e p a r t ,i nr u r a lpov e r ty . Ah igh p r o p o r t i o no f th ep eop l ec rowd ed i n t oc i t ys lum stod ayc am eth er e: ' r om r u r a ls lum s . Th et o t a lnumb e ro fr u r a lpoo r woul db e ev en l a r g e rth an 14 m i l l i o nh ad no t so m anyo fth em mov edt oth ec i t y . Th ey m ad e t h emov eb e c au s e th eyw an t ed a joband a d e c en tp l a c et ol i v e . S om eh av e fO l l i ldth em . M anyh ave n o t . M anym e r e ly ex ch ang ed l i f ei na r u r a ls lumf o rl i f ei nan u rb an s lum ,a te x o r b i t a n t c o s tt oth em s e lv e s ,t oth ec i t i e s ,and t or u r a lAm e r i c aa sw e l l . S om eo f ou rr u r a lp rog r am s ,e s p e c i a l l yf a rmand v o c a t i o n a l a g r i c u l t u r ep rog r am s ,a r er e l i c sf rom an e a r l i e re r a . T : J ey w e r e d ev e lop ed i na p e r i o ddu~in wh i ch th ew e l f a r eo ff a rmf am i l i e s w a s equ a t edw i th th ew e l l -b e ingo f u~a o~ unitie and o fa l l ru ro .l p eop l e . Th inno l o n e ; e ri f :: : 0 . I nc o n t r a s tt ot h eu rban poo r , th er u r a lpoo r , no t ab ly th e I wh i t e , a r eno tw e l lo rg an i z ed , and h av ef ewspok e sm enf o rb r i n g ing t h eN a t i o n ' sa t t e n t i o nt ot h e i rp rob lem s . Th e mo r e vo c a land' b e t t e ro rg an i z edu rb an a n t i p o v e r t yprogram s ." ... . . . , o~ g a inmo s t o f th eb e n e f i t so fc u r r e n t �-9 "Ru r a lp o v e r t yi nt h eUn i t ed s t a t e sh a s no g eog r aph i c b o u n d a r i e s . I ti sa c u t ei nt .n eSou th ,b u ti ti sp res e n tand s e r i o u si nth eE a s t ,t h eW e s t , andt h eNo r th . Ru r a l pov e r ty i sno tl im i t e dt oN eg ro e s . I tp e rm e a t e sa l lr a c e sand e t h n i c g roup s . No ri spov e r ty l im i t e dt oth ef a rm . Ou rf a rm p o p u l a t i o nh a sd e c l i n e du n t i li t i son lya sm a l lf r a c t i o no f ou rt o t a lr u r a lo u at~on ~o t o ft h er u r a lpoo r do no t l i v eon f a rm s. . . . x o r e o v e r ,c o n t r a r yt oa c omm o nm i s con c ep t ion , wh i t e s outn ~ e nonwh i t e s a~on th er u r a lpoo r by a w id em a rg in . Hung e r , ev en amongc h i l d r e n , do e se x i s tamongth er u r a l poo r. . . . M a l n u t r i t i o n i sev enmo r e w id e sp r e ad . D i s e a s e andp r em a tu r ed e a tha r es t a r t l i n g l yh igh a~on th er u r a lpoo r . I n f a n tm o r t a l i t yi sf a rh i g h e r amongth e r u r a lpoo rt h a na~on t h el e a s t~ a r e a s . Ch ron i cd i s e a s e sa l s oa r e i i e ed g roup i nu rb an o~~on a~on b o t hyoung and o l d . And m ed i c a l andd e n t a lc a r ei scon sp i cuou s lya b s e n t . Un emp loym en t andund e r emp loym en ta r em a jo rp rob l em si n r u r a lAm e r i c a . Th er a t eo fun emp loym en tn a t i o n a l l yi sabou t 4pe r c e n t . Th er a t ei nr u r a la r e a s av e r ag e s abou t18 p e r c e n t . Th er u r a lpoo rh av e gon e , and nowgo ,t opoo rs choo l s . On er e s u l ti st h a tmo r e t ~an 3m i l l i o nr u r a la d u l t sa r e c l a s s i f i e da si l l i t e r a t e s . Mo s t o ft h er u r a l oo~ l i v ei na t r o c i o u shou s e s . On ei n ev e ry13 hou s e si nr u r a lAmeric ai so f f i c i a l l yc l a s s i f i e da s u n f i tt ol i v ei n . M any o ft h er u r a lpoo rl i v ei nc h r o n i c a l l yd ep r e s s ed p o v e r t y s t r i c k e nr u r a lcommun i t i e s . Mo s t o ft h er u r a lSou th ( c o n t .) �1 0 - i son ev a s t pov e r ty a r e a. I n d i a nr e s e r v a t i o n sc o n t a i nh e avy c o n c e n t r a t i o n so fpov e rty . B u tt h e re a lsoa r e im pov e r i shed r u r a lcommun i t i e si nth eu ppe rGr e a tL ak e sr e g i o n ,i nN ew Eng l and ,i nApp a l a ch i a , ~n th eS ou thw e s t, andin o t h e r s e c t i o n s. Th e commun i tyi nr u r a lpov e r tya reas h a sa l lb u t d is a pp e a r ed a s an e f f e c t i v ei n s t i t u tion ." Inu rb anAm e r ic a , we expe c tb u s i n e s s and commun i tyl e a d e r st ob es e n s i t i v e tot h ep rob l em so f th eund er p r i v i l e g e d ,t h edis adv an t . ag ed ,th em . lno ri t y ,t h e impov e r j sh ed -t op rov id el e a d e r s h i pi nadd r e ss i ng s o c i e t y ' sa t t e n t i o nt oth e i ~ o fsu chf e l lowm en , t oexp endene r gy i nl e ad e r sh ipe ff o r ts d irec tedt o con st r u c t i v e end s. I si tun r e a son ab l et oexp e c tf a r ml e a d e r st os e rv ea ss im i l a rspok e s m en and " f r i end si ncou r t "f o rt h er u r a lpoo r ? We cou ldt a l ko fo t h e rs : o fwo r ld foodsupp ly ,t h eg rimr e a l i t yo fm a s s e s o fp eop l es t a r v i n g o rm a lnou r i sh ed , th ew i .d e r r tng g ap b e tw e ent h e"h av e " and th e"h av eno t " n a t i o n s , wi t ha l lt h eexp lo s iv epo t . en tia.Lswhi . chsu cha si t u a tion s u g g e s t s ; -o ft h ed i l emm ao fyou th i nou rs o c i e t yt o d ay ,i nwh i ch p h y s i c a l l y , int~ e tua , emo t ion a l lyth eyma t u r eea r l i e rtod ayth an ev e r ---o u t s o c i e t yho ld s th emb ackfro ) ; '.assun r in gadu lt r o l e sun t i ll a t e rand l a t e rag e s ; o fc r im e ; mo r a l i t y ;t h ec h angi n gr o l eo fl o c a l ,s t a t eandf e d e r a l gov e rnm en ts; i n f l a t i o n.. •....bu tt h e s e su f f i c et om a k e th epo in t. ": . . . . .... �1 1 - JohnR .P l a t t , ab i o p h y s i c ist ,sa y s : " It h i n kw em ay b e nowinth etim e tr a p i dchang einth e wh o l ee v o l u tiono ft h e o f mos ~an ra c e ,e i th e rp a st o r t ocom e . I ti sa k ind o fc u l tu ra l 'sho ck f r o n t, 'l i k eth es ho ck fr o n t sth a t o c cu r inae rodyn am ic s wh ent h el e ad ingedge o f ana i r p l a n ew ing mov e sf a s t e r th ant h esp eedo fsoundandg en e ra testh e sh a rpp r e s s u r ew av etha tc au sesth e son i cboom." Inh isv i ew ,w ea r ea tp r es en ti na p e rio do ft r an si t ion : "Fo rm o s to fh istwo mi l l ionye a r s ,m anh a so p e r a t ed i nafai r l y ta e~ o t och ange --w o r l d . S ton eA ge . F romg en er a tiont o g e n e r a t ion t h e re w a sa lm o s tno so c i a lo r te chno log ic a l ch ang e . Th e r e H as no g apb e tween g en e rat i o ns ;f ' a t .h er H a sl i k esonH a sl i k eg r a nd son ; a r ed t h es am ewo r ld , th es am eou t look . And ev e rym an w as i n th ey sh t o u ch w i th t h ee s s e n t i a l s . A l lt h is b eg ant och ang ew i th t h e adv en to fag r i cu ltu re abou t 10 , 0 00 y ea r s ago. Food s u r pl u sesa~ ea ed h ad t im eto doso m et h i n go the rth an un ~ Af e Hp eopl e ,t h e n , and cu ltiv a te . Th ee f f o r t s o fth ef e wl e dt oc i v iliz a t i o nandtoth ea c cumul a t iono fnew know ledg e . Know ledg eb rou gh t inno v at i on , ch anges i nt h ea c cumul a t ed r no f twom i l l i o n yea r s . T : 1 em o r e know l edg e accumu . l a ted , hum anp a tte t h emo re i n nova t i o nt h e r ew a s , un ti lt h ep roc ess o f ch ang ea c cel e r a t ed i n t ot h edi z zyp atte rno ft h ep r esen t. D r. ~ att s e e sth ep e r iod o~ a cc e l e r a ting an e i i i ati o ~ I astransi t ion a l ,t h es t e po e t w e en Ag e andsom en ew s t a b i l i t yt a~ ~ e o l d ~a i i t o ft h es t on e I m ay : a s tequ a ll ylong . E i th e rw ereach t a b i l i t yo r , youm igh t say ,t h ewno l . et l1 inggo es b e l l y -u p . th is n ews a u se th ep a c eo f ch ang ec an' t a c c el e r a tei n d e f i n i t el y . B ec Th ep re s e n ti sp rob ab ly th ec r i t i c a lp e r i o di nt h et r a n s i t i o n . D r .B .R .S en , you r em e mb e r , sawth en ex t th i r t y f i v e yea rs a s d e c i s iv ein t e rm so f foo d . Ash a rp d e c l i n ei npo p u l a t ion o ~ ( ( ' c u t . ) �. -. 1 2 - mu s t com esoon ,o rt h el i k e l i h o o di sr e d u c t i o nth roughf am in e , w a r andd i s e a s e . A s id ef romt h ep o p u l a t i o n imb a l an c e ,t h eo t h e r m a jo r o b s t a c l eo ft h et an it~on p e r i o di st h ed ang e ro fn u c l e a r wa r ." I nt h ef i n a la n a l y s i st h e n ,t h eg r e a t e s t a~ en e o ft h i sg e n e r a t i o n a n d n e x t i sp r o g r e s si nhum anr e L a t . ton shLp s . R etu r nLng t oDonn e : san i s l a n d ,e n t i r eo fi t s e l f ;ev e ry "No m ani m an i sa p i e c eo ft h ec o n t i n e n t , ap a r to ft h e ' I ''! ' Q 1 \ m a in ; i f ac lodb ew a sh ed aw ayby t h es e a ,Eu rop e " \ i st h el e s s ,a sw e l la si f a w e l la si fam ano ro f~ w e r e , a s f r i e n d so ro ft ownw e r e ; anym an ' s d e a th di \ o o n~o ini ~ ~ne D i e , b e c au s e I am invo lv edi nm ankind : and t h e r e f o r en ev e r s endt oknowf o rwhom t h eb e l lt o l l s ;i tt o l l s f o rt h e e . " I nr e c e n tmon th s , Ih av eb e enmov ed by a n~ e o fe x p e r i e n c e s : 1 . Co lomb i a ,S .A . -e conom i cpov e rt y 2 . Sou thD ako t a -sCDoo l s 3 . I r e l a n d 4 . Appa l a ch i a 5 . Tuskegee : F a rm e r s ~a We a r et h el e s s e rf o rsu cha st h e s e . AndI subm i tt h a tf a rmp eop l e mu s t b e c om e" i n v o l v e di nm ank ind , " t oa g r e a t e rd eg r e e th ana tp r e s e n to ri nt h e p a s t . W e ' r e r em ind edt h a tf a rm e r sa re nowa p o l i t i c a land e conom i cm i n o r i t y b u t t h ecou r s eo fh i s t o r yh a sb e en a l t e r e dby t h ee f f o r t so fm i n o r i t i e s d e d i c a t e d , e n e r g e t i c , no ta lw ay sw e l l i n t e n t i o n e d ,b u ta r t i c u l a t eand ef f e c t i v e . I nt h ehum an i s s u e sc r e s t i n gtod ay ,f a rmand r u r a lp eopl ec anb e sw ep t a long i nt h eon ru sh ,t o s s e dabou t andbU f f e t e d ,p e r h ap sl e f tt ol a n gu i sh i n e t< -'('C: u • f. . . -'- ' - -- . . . .J . . . r . . . . \ . . . . , ...... 1 ~ 0 , < r �.. -13 t h eb a ckw a sh . O r th eyc an b ei nth em a in s t r e am , i ncon c e r tw i th t o t a ls o c i e t y , no tu .Lon ey iel d i n gt ob u t n130 ahuplngth ep a t t< . : r no ft h l n go t oco rn c con tr : lbu ting i nth ef u l l e s ts en s e , no ts o l e l yo rp r im a r i l yi nb e n e f i t i nGm ank ind th rou gh a p p l i c a t i o no ft e chno logyt ofoodp rodu c t ion ,v i t a lthought h i sb ei nhum an t e rm sand i ne conom i cg row th , wh i ch i sm ad e po ss i b l eby t r a n s f e ro fhum an r e s o u r c e sf rom f a rm ingt oo t h e re n t e r p r i s e s . Th et i d eo fm an tod ayi sf r o n t e dby su chi s s u e sa shQT . an r i gh t s and :J r e l a t i o n s h i p s ;a . con c e rnf o rt h em ann e ro fl i v i n g ,r e p l a c i n gth es t a n d a r do f l i v i n ga sa g o a l ;t h eq u a l i t yo f ou r en and food . i o~~ent , f f ;. th ee~uation o f popu l a t ion f ' hL ." -e /r To s e rv e~ u l t ss eI as n t . r e sts and t' aos eo fm anki n d ,f a rm u r a lmu s t a r to ft h i s"m a in . " b e com e ap . . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1968-02-01_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, A Part of the Main Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 1, 1968 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Farm Management Banquet during Farmer's Week at Michigan State University. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-02-01 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/75e67b558a5f1f79af8496be34353aea.pdf 14cf025ef5dc35ec0cbc694a39ec82bd PDF Text Text Notes from RGM's presentation at the J9nia Area Chamber of Commerce Annual Dinner ~~e e t in g - February 13, 1992 - Ionia High School • "Ox Yoke"s and"Whippletrees" . , " -« S'. i!JJ... ~ ~.~=1 6 ~- ~ ..- ~ 42 ~ +601 ~ ~ } �f o r g i v emy f r e q u e n tr e f e r e n c etoM i ch ig an and B a t t l eC r e ek and a c t i v i t i e s o ft h eW . K . K e l logg Found a t ion -th e s ea r e th e ex amp l e s Ik n ow b e s t . Y o uw i l ls e eyou r commun i ty and y o u r s e l fi nt h ei l l u s t r a t i o n sIs u g g e s t . Ob s e rv a t ion 1 con c e rn s th es e em ing in ab i l i t yo fo u rp o l i t i c a lp r o c e s s e s and i n s t i t u t i o n s tQd e a lw i t hs i g n i f i c an t iss u es i ns u b s t a n t i a lw ay s . Th i s i smo s t v i v i da t th en a t i o n a ll e v e lwh e r e C cngr e s si ss t r u g g l i n g i n e f f e c t i v e l yw i t h su ch con c e rn sa sf i s c a land f i n a n c i a lr e s pQ n s i b i l i t y , t r a d eimb a l an c e ,f a rm p rog r am s , fo reLgn a f f a i r s ,c h i l dc a r e , suppo r to f t h ea r t s ,en e rgyp o l i c y , andenv i rQnm en t a lq u a l i t y . In L an sing , ou rs t a t ep o l i t i c i a n sa r ee q u a l l yi n e f f e c t i v eon m a t t e r s o f s c h o o lf i n a n c e , ou rs t a t eb u d g e t , WQ rkm en ' s Comp en s a t ion , and a h o s to f o t h e r· co nce r n s. I s u s p e c t you m ay f e e l th es am e a b o u t do ing s i n Co lumbu s . A t t h eIQ c a ll e v e l ,you c an m ak e ybu r own a n a l y s i so fe f f e c t i v e n e s si n d e a l i n gw i t h hum ans e r v i c e s ,env i ronm en t a lc o n c e r n s , anda l lt h er e s t . T echnology h a s ch ang ed t h e n a t u r e o f p o l i t i c s and p o l i t i c i a n s d ram a ti c a l l y .N ew t e chn iqu e so fs o p h i s t i c a t e d ,i n s t a n t a n e o u sp o l l i n g and t h ei n f l u e n c eo fm a s s m ed i a t r e a tm en to f ev e ry i s s u eand p e r s o n a l i t y s e em st oh av e fo r c ed e l e c t e do f f i c i a l s tob e com el e s st h e" l e a d e r s "o f s o c i e t yand mo r e th ef o l l ow e r so fh e rd i n s t i n c t . Th e r ei sa t end en cyto l e a d·Q t l ly en ~ c on s en s u sb a sD een reace d ,·t ow a i t t os e ewh i ch w ay th e p a r a i i e is go i n ga n d · 't h e n ·r u s h to i t s.h e ad . O th e r ch ang e s wh i ch h av e i n f l u e n c e dt h ep o l i t i c a lp r o c e s st osQ c i e t y ' sd i s adv an t ag eh av eb e en th e p r o l i f e r a t i o no ft h enumb e r and t h ed r am a t icincr e as ein i ~ s p e c i a l i n t e r e s tg+oup sQ f ev e ryv a r i e t yand th econ c ept o f en t i t l em e n t wh i ch h a s h an d c u f f e dp o l i t i c a lr e spon s etQch ang ingn e ea s . Tod ay , t h e r ea r e few.in e l e c t e dQ f f i c e who cou ld b e d e s c r i b e d a s st a t e sm enw i t hv i s i o n , comm i tm en t , and a con c e rn f o r .th ewho l e . P a t t e r n s o fp o l i t i c a l pow e ra l sQ h a v e ch ang ed d r am a t i c a l l y ,w i t hg r e a t e rd i f f u s i o n and l e s slQ y a l t ytop a r t yand pu rpo s e . . " ! - T h en e te f f e c to fa l lo ft h e s ech ang e sh a sb e en t h el e s s e n e da b i l i t yo f gov e rnm en ta ta l ll e v e l st ob e a sou r c eand c a t a l y s tf o rs o c i a lch ang e . T h i s , t h e n , s u g g e s t s an enh an c ed p o t e n t i a l r o l eo f p r i v a t e s e c t o r i n i t i a t i v e sto d emon s t r a t en ew an sw e r s to s o c i e t a ln e ed s , t oi n i t i a t i v e v e n t u r e s ,t op rov id e· th ev i s i o nand comp r eh en s iv e app ro a chwh i ch p o l i t i c s f a i l st o i~e. s o c i e t a l Fo r a sp ano f abou ts i xd e c ad e s-f rom th e" p r o g r e s s i v ee r a "a tt h et u r n o ft h ec e n t u r y to th el a t e1960 s , and p a r t i c u l a r l yb eg inn ing w i t h ' 'N ew D e a l " i nt h ed e c ad eo f th e '30 s- th ef e d e r a l gov e rnm ent tookan ev e r i n c r e a s i n gp a r ti nm e et i n gt h en e ed s_o f th eAm e r i c an p e o p l e . S in c e th e e a r l y 19708 , t h a tt r end h a s f i r s ts low ed , th en s e em ed to r e v e r s e . I n c r e a s i n g l y ,s t a t e s and l o c a l i t i e sa r eb e ing· c a l l e d upon to d e l i v e r s e r v i c e sand p rov id eb e n e f i t s top eop l ea tt h ecommun i ty l e v e l . �o c a l i t i e s . T h i s p u t s T h i s f a c tp o s e s p r o b l em s f o ra l ls t a t e s and l o v e r p r e s s u r e on t h e t a xs y s t em , e s p e c i a l l y , t or a i s er e v e n u e s t o c i n c r e a s e ds t a t eand l o c a le x p e n d i t u r e s . A e i ~ c o n s e q u e n c ei st h a tmo r e p r o b l em sa r eb e i n g i d e n t i f i e dand d e a l tw i t h c l o s e rt o hom e , a n d , a sw e a l l know s ow e l l , t h ea n sw e r s u s u a l l yl i eIW . li nd o l l a r sa l o n eb u t i nt h ei n c r e a s e d comm i tm en t and i n v o l v em e n to fp e o p l e who c a r e . A g a i n , o p p o r t u n i t i e sf o rp r i v a t es e c t o r i n i t i a t i v e s ~ o b v i o u s : t h e r ei sa d e s p e r a t e n e e d t ob e com e mo r e e f f i c i e n ta n d mo r e e f f e c t i v ei nu s i n gl im i t e dr e s o u r c e sa n di nm o b i l i z i n g l o c a ll e a d e r s h i p . O b s e r v a t i o n 3 c o n c e r n s t h e i n c r e a s i n g c o l l a b o r a t i o n s . We h e a ri tf rom t h e e i g o v e r n o r s ,a n dm any o fu s . ent~ S u c h c o l l a b o r a t i o no fp r i v a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yw i t h p u b l i ci n s t i t u t i o n sand p r o g r am si sg o i n g on i na l lo fo u rc omm u n i t i e s ,t ot h ea d v a n t a g eo fa l l . Th eb e s to b s e r v a t i o n st e n dt ob ea tt h ecommun i ty l e v e l-i ne d u c a t i o n , c h i l d c a r e a n d c h i l d a b u s e p r e v e n t i o n , s u b s t a n c e a b u s e , i n d e p e n d e n t l i v i n gf o rt h ee l d e r l y , Lnte . rg en er a tL on al i n i t i a t i v e s ,t h ec u l t u r a l and p e r f o rm i n ga r t s ,a n da h o s to fo t h e re x am p l e s . A c o n c e r nt h a tI wou ld s h a r ew i t hy o ui st h a t ,u n l e s sw e a r ec a r e f u li n s u c hc o l l a b o r a t i v ee f f o r t s ,t h e yw i l l , i na s e n s e ,b e" o n e -w a y . " Publ i e o f f i c i a l sa r ea n x i o u st om o b i l i z e a n dd i r e c tp r i v a t er e s o u r c e st o" t h e i r c h o s e no b j e c t i v e s . " Th ey a r en o ta lw a y sa n x i o u st ob eh e l p f u lt op r i v a t e i ~t i n ~ ~ e ing s u c hc o n c e r n s.a s i n c r e a s i n gt h er e s o u r c e s a v a i l a b l e f o rp h i l a n t h r o p i c p u r p o s e s . Th e · c u r rent e v i d e n c e o f t h i s r e l a t e st o t h e t r e a tm e n to f c h a r i t a b l e c o n t r i b u t i o n s i nt h eb u d g e t d e l i b e r a t i o n ss t i l lu n d e rw a y . Wh i l e r h e t o r i con b e h a l fo fp h i l a n t h r o p y , c h a r i t a b l ec o n t r i b u t i o n s ,a n dv o l u n t e e r i sm i s ,u s u a l l ye f f u s i v e ,a c t i o n s t a k e na r eu s u a l l ye r o s i v e ,i n v a s i v e ,r e s t r i c t i v e ,a n dd i s c o u r a g i n g . I n o u rv a r i o u sl e g i s l a t i v es k i rm i s h e sa tt h en a t i o n a ll e v e ls i n c e1 9 6 9 ,w e u s u a l l yc o u n ts u c c e s si nt e rm so fl im i t e dl o s s e sr a t h e rt h a nr e a lg a i n s . It h i n ko u rc o n t i n u i n ga p p r o a c hs h o u l db et ob ec o o p e r a t i v ew i t h p u b l i c i n s t i t u t i o n sand o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,b u tt ob ec a u t i o u sa n dn o tb ec o e r c e d . t h en a t u r eo ft h ep r o b l em s .The p r o b l em s· o fc o n c e r nt os o c i e t yt e n dt ob ec om p l e x , mu lt i d i s c i p l i n a r y , o v e r a r c h i n g , p e n e t r a t i n g; a n dp e rm e a t i n g . E a ch o fu s c a nm ak e o u r own l i s t-i n f l a t i o n ,K l 2 a n dh i g h e re d u c a t i o n , hom e c a r ef o rt h e· e l d e r l y , g r o u n dw a t e r ,e n v i r o nm e n t a lq u a l i t y ,j o bg e n e r a t i o n ,p e a c e . To t h ec o n t r a r y ,t h es o l u t i o n s mo s t o f t e nd e v i s e dt oa d d r e s ss u c hi s s u e s t e n d 't o b e n a r r ow , d i s c i p l i n e - o r p r o f e s s i o n o r i e n t e d and b i a s e d , s im p l i s t i c ,a n di n a d e q u a t et ot h et a s k . Am a j o r c o n t r i b u t i o no fp h i l a n t h r o p yi na d d r e s s i n gs o c i e t a ln e e d sc a nb e t o e n c o u r a g e a n d d em o n s t r a t e p rog r am s w h i c h a r e c om p r e h e n s i v e , c o l l a b o r a t i v e ,a n dp r o v i d ec o n t i n u i t y . �O b s e r v a t i o n 5 c o n c e r n s t h ep e r s i s t e n tr e l u c t a n c et of a c ef a c t s and t o d e a lw i t hr e a l i t y . T h i s i sa som ewh a t hum an c h a r a c t e r i s t i c- a r e s i s t a n c et oc h a n g e , wh en w ea r ec om f o r t a b l ew i t h t h a twh i ch w e know . S om e t im e s , e v e n wh en t h ee v i d e n c ei so v e rw h e lm i n g , b o t hi n d i v i d u a l sand t h e i ri n s t i t u t i o n sa r er e l u c t a n tt or e s p o n d . I ti sa t r u i sm t h a t" i n mo st a r e a so f hum an c o n c e r n ,· . . .e know b ett e rt h a nw e do. " Th ink o n l yo f t h ea r e a sw h i c hm ay b eo fs p e c i a li n t e r e s tt oy o u : s u b s t a n c ea b u s e ,K -12 e d u c a t i o n ,a n dh e a l t hc a r e . F o re x am p l e ,i fw e t h i nKo fc h i l da e v e l o pm e n ti nt h ee a r l yy e a r s ,w e know t h a ta g ef i v ei st o ol a t ef o rs o c i e t a lc o n c e r n and i n t e r v e n t i o n ,y e t mo s t y o u n g s t e r s a n dm o s t c omm u n i t i e sl a c kc om p r e h e n s i v ee a r l yc h i l d h o o d and p r e s c h o o l p r o g r am s o f h i g hq u a l i t y . Th e e v i d e n c e i sc l e a rt h a tt h e e l em e n t a r y y e a r s a r em o s t im p o r t a n t and t h a td r o p o u t c a n r e a l l yb e p r e d i c t e db yg r a d e ss i xo rs e v e n . . Y e t , w e p e r s i s ti na c c r e d iti n go u rs c h o o l sa tt h eh i g h s c h o o ll e v e l , s t a r v i n gt h ee l em e n t a r yy e a r s wh en ev e r r e s o u r c e sa r e l im i t e d . Ev e ry t e a c h e rw i l l t e l lyou t h a ti tt a k e st h ef i r s tt h r e emon th s o f t h en ew s c h o o ly e a rt oc a t c h up t owh e r e s t u d e n t sw e r e wh en s c h o o l end ed i nt h e s p r i n g ,y e tw e p e r s i s ti nh a v i n ga t h r e e -m o n t hb r e a ki nl e a r n i n gd u r i n g t h e summ e r mon th s - a s c h o o l y e a r mod e l e s t a b l i s h e db y an a g r a r i a n s o c i e t yn e a r l y two c e n t u r i e sa g o . I nt h . e m a tte r o f p e n a lr e fo rm , "t h eG o v e r n o r o f P e n n s y l v a n i a r e c e n t l y . en t ~ : " I tc o s t s·$ 2 4 , 0 0 0a y e a rt ok e e pa p e r s o ni nt h e 's t a t ep e n , b u to n l y ~ ay e a ra tP enn S t a t e" We a sa s o c i e t y ,t h r o u g h· p u ri n s t i t u t i o n sa n do r g a n i z a t i o n s , mu s t p u tt o b e t t e ru s e t h a tw h i c h i sa l r e a d y known . P h i l a n t h r o p y c a n b e a i l l c a t a l y s t : . O b s e r v a t i o n 6 c o n c e r n s t h e p e r s i s t e n c e o f " t u r f i sm " i n a d d r e s s i n g soc ietal n e e d s . U s u a l l y p r o g r am s o f hum an s e r v i c e a r e b a d l y f r a gm e n t e d and l a c k c o n t i n u i t y . I n B a t t l e C r e e k , f o r e x am p l e , w e h av e 67 i d e n t i f i e d v o l u n t a r y ,n o n p r o f i tg r o u p sd i r e c t e dt ot h en e e d so fy o u t h . P l u r a l i sm i s g o o d ; c om p e t i t i o n c a n a l s o b e h e a l t h y , b u t i n f i g h t i n g , a d v e r s a r i a l s t a n c e s ,a n dc om b a t i v eb e h a v i o ra r en t~ Th e c l e a r e s t ex amp l ei n'o u r hom e town w a s i nh e a l t hc a r e , wh e r e w e h ad two h o s p i t a l s , v i r t u a l l y a c r o s s t h e s t r e e t f r om e a c h o t h e r , e a c h s u f f e r i n gf rom l e s st h a n50 p e r c e n to c c u p a n c y . I na d d i t i o n ,w e h av et h e u s u a lh o s to fo t h e rh e a l t hc a r eo r g a n i z a t i o n s-V i s i t i n gN u r s e S e r v i c e , D e p a r tm e n t o f P u b l i c H e a l t h , Am e r i c an R ed C r o s s , H o s p i c e , M e a l s on We e l s ,v o l u n t a r yam b u l a n c es e r v i c e s ,and ~ ~ e. �~ ~~~i.~ ---- ...~ . 6 l ~~~-- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1992-02-13_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Ox Yokes and Whippletrees Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 13, 1992 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Ionia Area Chamber of Commerce Annual Dinner Meeting. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-02-13 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/15d420c42f5f41c71cb356d1b5c5739e.pdf 07120ddc28895d7d114a5606f69c3f87 PDF Text Text .c. , -"" -} J /1 '1 / Febr uary 1 4 , 1976 ic Health Center WhoList / Hi ns da l e , 11 (UH 030 g ) (- --- )' -/ -7 1\ "y--t --7 -k,~f}l ().j t- ~.A.- -) / 7 . ( ~)A. ) �·t . . , j , i J P--j-. ~ ~ ~~ - , . I ~ III J I } I I "/ I I " ~ / ~ ��( I d c, - - I ) '1 /' j J /2 r - I R ./ .A. j / �I nt h ed i f f i c u l tp r o c e s so fe s t . a b l i s h i n gp r i o r i t i e sf o rou rp r o g rarom i i lg , ou ra t t em p t: ' st oi d e n t i f yandd e f i n es i g n i f i c a . n tp r o b lem s; . . .hic hc anb e a d d r e s s e d . J u s ta st h e r ei sm uch i nt h et o t a lAm e r i c an s c en eabou twh i ch on e c anb ee i t h e rp roud o rc r i t i c a l ,s o ,t o o ,i st h e r ed i v e r s i t yo fev id en c ea s on ev i ew st h eh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r ys c en ei nou r coun t . r -y, ,t h e r ei s mu ch abou twh i ch w ec anh av ea d e ep s en s eo fs a t i s f a c t i o nandp riQ e . Th e r e - i sno n e ed t od eve l op f u l l yo z -e l a b o r a t ef o rsu cha syou t h eg rea ts t r e :ngt h s o fou r he a l t hc a r es y s t em ,b u t a do cum en t a t ion wou ld i n c l u d es u . c ha st h er i c h n e s so fp h y s i c a lr e s o u r c e s b u i l d i n g s ,equi . pm e r r t ,andm a te ria l wh e r ew it h a l . . . d e d i c a t e dt ob e a l t hc a r e ;t h em a rv eL so fmod e rn hea .L th t e c lmo logy ;t h ed : : ' v e r s i t y andabund an c eo fp r o f e s s i o n a landp a r a p r o f e s s i o n a lmanpowe r ' i nt h eh e a l t hf ' i e l d ; andt h eg row ing s e n s i t i v i t yo fou rs o c i e t yt ot h eh e a l t hn e ed so fa l l ,w it h su chg row ing comm i t me n ta p r e r eQ u i s i t et oa nu l t im a t er e a r r ang em en to f p r i o r i t i e s a l l o c a t i o no fr e s o u r c e s . A t th ' , ' ,"""", _tim e ,t h o u g h t f u landr e s p o n s i b l el e a d e r si nt h eh e a l t hf i e l d a r econ c e rn edw i t hQ e f i c i e n c i e s andin ad eC lu a c i e s . T oa SU b s t a n t i a l ex ten t, t h e s ea r esumm a r i z edi nt h ei s s u e st owh i ch a t t e n t i o ni sd i r e c t e di nt h i s c o n f e r e n c e : \ 0 -U 4l q l ; - , c o n t i n u i t yandc o mp r -eh en st v e n e as o fc a r e ;d e l i f ~ sy s t em s ;f i n a n c i n g ;c omm un i t y l effectiveness. ~ ~ I nt h ep l u r a l i s t i ct r a d i t i o no fou rAme rican soc ie ty ,t h epa r t i c u l a rr o l e o fp r i v a t ep h i l a n t h ropytos o c i e t a lp r og r e s si st h een cou r ag em en to fi n n o vat i o n . H h i l e l ~ t u r e so ft h e.~ r e s o u r c e sa r ea lmo s tm in iscu le i nr e l a t i o ntot o t a lex pen d ipUb l i c fo r ~l , c a p i t a lwh i ch h a sb e en r e spon si b l ef o rm a n y e d u c a t i o n , and d e l i v e r y . ~ l l ~ ~ ~~ in r e p r e s e n tt h er i sk ~l t e c h n o l o gy , ~ t h eope r a t iL gh udg 0 ts o fm a n yo f t h ei n s ti t ut i o n s / \ t h e bud ge to f 'th e K e llo ggFounda t Lon, o u r fund sa r ee ssen t .La .L l .y "um es ' t . rLct . e d "w h e r ea st h et y p i c1.1.1 .LnstI t . u t Lona .L b udg e t , i sp r e i c om r r d . tt . ed ,w i th l i t tl ef l e x i b i l i t yo ro p ti . o nf o rc r e a t i v e andu nce r ta i , n und e r t a k i ng s . l �A sw e su rv eyi nb ro adt e rm st h ep r o p o s a l s com ingt ou s f r om ~ , i n s t i t u t i o n s ,o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,c o l l e g e sandu n i v e r s i t i e sw i t hl o c a l ,a r e ao r n a t i o n a lc o n c e r n s i nr e l a t i o nt oh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r y ,Iv o u .L dm a k et h ef o l · J low ingp o i n ts: 1 . G e n e r a l l y ,p ropo s edu n d e r t a k i n g sa r eno t im a g i n a t i v eenough ,b e i n g mo s to f t e nd em o n s t r a t i o n so fmo r e o ft h es am e ,w i t hm ino r andv e r y o f t e ns u p e r f i c i a li n n o v a t i o n si nf o r .m , t ofo cu sa t l ~ o rm e thod . Th ey t e n d r a t h e rt h a na tt h ec e n t r a li s s u e s . 2 . V e ry o f t e np r o p o s a l sr e p r e s e n tp i e c e i l l e a l andf r agm en t ede f f o r t s , i n a d e q u a t et os o l v i n gt h ep rob l em . Som e t im e st h i sf r a gm e n t a t i o ni s r e l a t e dt oi n s t i t u t i o n a ls t r u c t u r e ,i no t he ri n s t a n c e st o~ p r o f e s s i o n a li n t e r e s t so ra na p p a r e n tf a i l u r et or e c o g n i z et h e who l en e s so ft h ep a t i e n tandh i sh e a l t hc o n c e r n s . T o ane x t e n t , ~ con c e rn si nh e a l t hc a r ei nt h i sc o u n t r ya r ea con s equ en c eo ff r a g m e n t a t i o no fe f f o r tanda ne r o s i o no fcon c e rnf o rt h ep a t i e n t . E f for t s t or e d r e s st h es i t u a t i o nmu s tb ed r a n a t i c a+ l yd i f f e r e n tf romt h es t a t u s quo , ando f t e nr e q u i r ecom r e i tm en t and a c t i o nb y mo r et h a non ei n s t i t u t i o no rp r o f e s s i o n a lg roup . 3 . V e ry o f t e np ropo s ed a c t i v i t i e sr e f l e c t ,r a t h e rt h a na p r im a ry fo cu s upon t h eh e a l t h l ~ o fp eo I e ,a p r e o c c u p a t i o nw i t hp r o f e s s i o n a l i n t e r e s t so ri n s t i t u t i o n a ln e ed s ando b j e c t i v e s . Wh i l e i t wou ld s e ema p p r o p r i a t eandl o g i c a lt h a ton e cou ldexp e c tt h eh e a l t hc a r e sy s t emt ob ed e s ign ed ando p e r a t e dt ot h eb e s ti n t e r e s t so ft h e u l t im a t eb e n e f i c i a r y ,t h ep a t i e n t s ,t h emo r e on el e a r n st h emo r e on eb e com e ss u s p i c i o u st h a tt h i si sn o ti nf a c tt h ec a s e . { �I nc o n s i d e r i n gi n n o v a t i o n s n ewi d e a s ,m e thod s , d e v i c e s ,s y s t em s i n h e a l t hc a r e , If i n di t u s e f u lt oapp r0 a chthef u t u r ew i t h ab i f o c a lpe rspec tive , f o c u s i n gb o t hupon t h ei n d i v i d u a landupon t h ea g g r e g a t es o c i e t y . C e rt a i n l y , as i g n i f i c a n tc h a r a c t e r i s t i co fmod e rn l i f ei st h ef a c tt h a ts o c i e t yi s i n c r e a s i n g l ydom in a t edby l a r g e ,comp l ex o r g a n i z a t i o n s . N ev e rh av et h ewo rd s o fJohnDonn eb e enmo r e t . ru e : "N om a ni sa ni s l a n d ,e n t i r eo fi t s e l f . "I n mod e rn Am e r i c a ev e ryp e r son i sa m em b e ro fa n d / o rh a sh i sl i f esh ap : : d , i n f l u e n c e d ,and c o n t r o l l e dby comp l exo r g a n i z a t i o n s . Con cu r r en t¥ i t h 1 l a r g e n e s sand co mp l ex i ty ins o c i e t a :s t r u c t u r e 'i st h ee l em en to f d e p e r s o n a l i z a t i o n . S in c ep h y s i c a l andm en t a lh e a l t hi ss op e r s o n a la m a t t e r , i ti sim p e r a t i v e t h a tt h ei n d i v i d u a lr e i l l a inim p o r t a n tandp r im a ry . I t i st o oe a s y ,i nt h e i n t r i c a c i e sandm a ch in a t ion so fi n c r e a s i n g l ys o p h i s t i c a t e dh e a l t hs y s t em s , t ol o s et h ep r im a l con c e rnf o rt h eu l t im a t eb e n e f i c i a r y t h ei n d i v i d u a l p a t i e n t . M u c h o ft h ep e r s o n a lf ~ o ft h ei n d i v i d u a lcop in gw i t ht h e h e a l t hd e l i v e r ys y s t t ; ; lT landmu c ho ft h ec r i t i c i sm .by e n l i g h t e n e do b s e r v e r s r e l a t e st ot h i sim p e r s o n a l i z a t i o n . Common s e n s es u g g e s t st h a tt h es p o t l i g h t i nh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r ymu s tb eupon t h ei n d i v i d u a lp a t i e n t . T ot h ee x t e n t OU I ' i n s t i t u t i o n sand p r o f e s s i o n sn av ev e e r ed f romt h i sc o u r s e a n di t wou ld app e a rt h a tt h ed e v i a t i o ni sg r e a ti n d e e d c o r r e c t i v em e a su r e s mu s t' o et a k e n . You rp r o f e s s i o ns im p ly - ~- fo cu so n beds ,te chno logy ,p r a c t i c e , andfo rm s { a s end si nt h em s e l v e s . Th es e condd im en s ion r e l a t e st ot o t a l .SOC l 'e t y . ' I ' h .d l . eeV l en c ei sc l e a r t h a tc e r t a i nAm e r i c an s , by r e a s o no fg eograp h .n . y ,l co m e , s o c i a l~ , h av el e s st h a nad equ a t eh ee l t hc a r e . T h ' .Sa r . lSt00 l e a l i t vreqU iringchan0 z e. ' " . . . . £ . . . < : . . . t.a. �To comment briefly on innovations which may contribute to improved health care in rural communities, it is necessary to refer back to the problems which concern us--issues such as access and availability of care, J continuity and comprehensiveness of care, productivity of various elements of the system, cost and financing, quality. With these central issues in mind, from our vantage point we see such promising opportunities as the following: { �1 . R e o r g a n i z a t i o no f ambu l a to ryh e a l t hs e r v i c e saw a yf roma n e n d l e s ss e r i e so fs p e c i a l t y o r i e n t e dc l i n i c st oa mo r e c om p r e h e n s i v ef am i l y c e n t e r e dh e a l t hs e r v i c eu n i tu t i l i z i n g su ch~ l f p e r s o n n e la sn u r s ep r a c t i t i o n e r s andp h y s i - c i a n sa s s i s t a n t sf o rh e a l t hm a in t en an c e f u n c t i o n s ,p r e v e n t i v eh e a l t hp rog r am s , andl o n g t e rms u p e r v i s i o no fc h r o n i c c o n d i t i o n s . 2 . D ev e lopm en to fi n s t i t u t i o n b a s e d( h o s p i t a l )o u t r e a c hp rog r am s , su cha sh om ec a r e ,p r im a ry c a r ec l i n i c si nu n d e r s e r v e da r e a s , anda p p r o p r i a t el i n k a g e so rr e l a t i o n s h i p sw i t ho t h e rc a r ep r o v i d e r s , su cha sn u r s i n ghom e s . 3 . D ev e lopm en to fr a t i o n a lp a t t e r n sf o rh a n d l i n gt r u e em e rg en cy m ed i c a lp rob l em s ,w i t ht h ed i v i s i o no fl a b o ram o n gi n s t i t u t i o n s a longr a t i o n a ll i n e sandw i t h an i n t e g r a t e dt r a n s p o r t a t i o nand commun i c a t ion s sy s t em . 4 . Deve lopm en to fe f f e c t i v ep rog r am so fi n p a t i e n te d u c a t i o nf o r i l l n e s sm an ag em en t , w i t ha n imp rov em en to ft h ep a t i e n t ' su n d e r s t a n d i n go fh i sp rob l emandt h ep r o c e d u r e st h a tw i l lb ep e r fo rm ed , andw i t ha n emph a s i s upon t h ep a t i e n t ' sa p p r o p r i a t er e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o rh i si n d i v i d u a lr e h a b i l i t a t i o nand c o n t i n u i n gh e a l t hm a in t en an c e . 5 . Fu r t h e rd ev e lopm en t ands y s t em i z a t i o no ft h er e l a t i o n s h i po f e d u c a t i o nand s e r v i c ei nt h eh e a l t hf i e l d s . N o to n l ymu s t t h e r eb ed r am a t i c ch ang e si nt h ee d u c a t i o n a lp r o c e s s e s and r e l a t i o n s h i p sb y wh i ch p e o p l eb e com e~ l f andp r e p a r e d f o rh e a l t hc a r e e r s ,t h e r emu s t a l s ob e imp rov em en ti n �8 relationships between educational institutions and health service institutions and settings. Somehow we must bring to reality the much-discussed concept of a health delivery network as it relates to both education and health care delivery. Universities have been preoccupied with medical science and research; hopefully, more of their attention and resources will be directed to the improvement of health care delivery. 6. Enhancement of preservice and inservice education in the work setting for health personnel. This setting is not only appro- priate but essential for certain aspects of education and training. As an example, hospitals are becoming more conscious of their educational role and in many instances are beginning to establish institution-wide education and training programs. Such programs encompass employee orientation, on-the-job training, supervisory development, career mobility, clinical instruction, inservice education, patient education, and community education. 7. Experimentation regarding the hospital role in the provision of primary care, the component of comprehensive care perhaps least-well served currently. The public, in search for such care, has turned to the community hospital, via the emergency room. But the emergency room is not the proper setting for qUality primary care, for emergency room care tends to be episodic and very expensive. Better answers are available, are being demonstrated in some isolated instances, and should be more characteristic of the delivery system. �9 8. Whenever resources are scarce in relation to needs, the usual situation in rural areas, ever better mar-agement is I required as priorities are established and allocations made. A long-standing orientation of this Foundation has been to improved management and administration, in the health fields as well as in other fields of Foundation endeavor. We have been particularly impressed with bene- fits achieved through sharing of services by hospitals and the application of management engineering techniques in the health care delivery system. 9. Elaboration of the role of the trustee in the health care system. The institutional board of trustees, if representative, well qualified, and well informed, is an essential element in responsive institutional administration. Trustees can assist in keeping the endeavor oriented to the ultimate purposes of the institution, above the more vested interests of the institution itself, its professional components, and its personnel. One could go on virtually ad infinitum with innovative options. But underlying issues such as these are two basic considerations: A. The problem of fragmentation, both in terms of care as it is ..c available to the individual person and fragmentation of efforts of the various elements of our health system. There is almost a desparate need for greater cooperation and coordination of the efforts of the individuals, institutions, and organizations involved with rural health--health departments, state and local; hospitals and other institutions, public and private; �10 professionals, both individually and through their organizations; educational institutions, including colleges and universities, four-year and two-year institutions, public and private. For too long society has tolerated, borne the costs of, and suffered the consequences of fragmentation. Hopefully, leadership for its rationalization will come from those who are most involved and most knowledgeable, rather than being imposed. B. The need for a comprehensive program of health education. I would like to share with you some thoughts from a recent address by Dr. C. A. Hoffman, President of the American Medical Association. "A major cause of the current controversy about America's health care is that the public and the government fail to understand the difference between good health and good medicine. Americans have a right to good medical care, but they do not have a right to good health. Good health is not a right, but a responsibility--a shared responsibility--and that responsibility begins with the individual's own health behavior. The health habits of most Americans are so poor that the nation is suffering from what might be termed an acute case of 'people pollution' and poor personal health behavior �11 plays a significant positive role in heart disease, cancer, stroke, and accidents--the four leading causes of death in America today. 1 "Indeed, if all Americans could be convinced to adopt a healthful style of life--eating correctly, not smoking, controlling pollutants, driving safely--the positive effect of the nation's health would be far more dramatic than could be accomplished through the construction of thousands of new hospitals and the production of many thousands of additional physicians." - - - / ;, - - --- - - - I But what we need is a positive and comprehensive approach to health education. / �· ~- �~ , )~ . £ .... -recP- t22 ~ J -- -~ l d t .P ~ j1 \1 -< . yC c z , ~ I ! �J L � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1976-02-14_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Wholistic Health Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 14, 1976 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation on the problems in the health care system and what private foundations can do to help. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Health Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-02-14 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8f2d5da766aec9b76198522486ba9434.pdf f9a8c84916fdb4267415ee4a91a8a848 PDF Text Text THE UNIVERSITY OF THE 21ST CENTURY: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RESIDENTIAL CONFERENCE CENTER REMARKS BY RUSSELL G. MAWBY CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER W. K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION AT THE KELLOGG CONFERENCE ON UNIVERSITY-BASED RESIDENTIAL CONTINUING EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA NORMAN, OKLAHOMA FEBRUARY 18, 1991 I THANK YOU FOR I NVI TI NG ME TO BE A PART OF THIS CONFERENCE. I AM DELIGHTED TO BE WITH VALUED PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES AGAIN, SOME OF WHOM I'VE BEEN PRIVILEGED TO KNOW FOR MORE THAN A QUARTER OF A CENTURY, AND I ESPECIALLY APPRECIATE THE OPPORTUNITY OF MEETING OTHER ADULT EDUCATION PROFESSIONALS I HAVE NOT PREVIOUSLY KNOWN. I CONGRATULATE DR. PAPPAS AND THE OTHERS RESPONSIBLE FOR BRINGING US TOGETHER. AS THE PROGRAM PROLOGUE STATES, "UN I VERS ITY-BASED RESIDENTIAL CONTINUING EDUCATION IS TODAY IN A STATE OF �2 TRANS I T ION. " WH I LE SOME OF HAVE NEGATIVE CONNOTATIONS, -- THE CONCEPT FOREFRONT OF TIME MAY OF THE CURRENT LEARN I NG RIGHT PEND I NG CIRCUMSTANCES THE BROAD FIELD OF CONTINUING EDUCATION THROUGHOUT THE EDUCATIONAL CONCERNS TODAY. BE MORE AND THAN EVER BEFORE LIFESPAN INDEED, TO MAKE I -- I SIN THE SENSE THAT THE SIGNIFICANT AND EXCITING STRIDES IF YOU AS PROFESSIONAL LEADERS HAVE THE SKILL, THE COMMITMENT, AND THE COURAGE TO DO SO. I ACKNOWLEDGE COLLEAGUE, THE W. DR. UNIVERSITY WITH DEEP CYR I L OF APPRECIATION THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTION OF MY O. HOULE, PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION EMER ITUS OF CHICAGO AND SENIOR PROGRAM CONSULTANT FOR K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION, IN THE PREPARATION OF THESE REMARKS. THE �3 II THE ONLY WAY I KNOW HOW TO BEGIN TO THINK ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY OF THE 21ST CENTURY IS TO TRY TO DISCOVER THE STABILITIES AND THE CHANGES OF THE PRESENT, AND GUESS HOW THEY WILL CARRY FORWARD INTO THE FUTURE. SINCE THE EIGHT-AND-A-HALF CENTURIES, UNIVERSITY HAS BEEN IT IS LIKELY THAT, IN EXISTENCE FOR LACKING A NUCLEAR CATASTROPHE, STABILITIES WILL WIN OUT OVER CHANGES. BUT WHAT I HOPE TO DO TODAY IS TO IDENTIFY FOR YOU CERTAIN MODIFICATIONS OF THE PAST AND, ASSUMING THAT THEY CONTINUE, THE CHANGES THEY WILL BRING ABOUT FOR THOSE WHO WORK IN CENTERS FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION. THE RAPID GROWTH OF HIGHER EDUCATION AFTER WORLD WAR I I SEEMS TO HAVE ENDED IN THE LATTER PART OF THE 1970S. EXPENDITURES HAVE CONTINUED TO GROW. THE DOLLAR AMOUNTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION HUNDRED BILLION DOLLAR A YEAR ENTERPRISE. IS NOW A BUT FROM 1970 THROUGH �4 1985, THE LAST EXPENDITURES FOR YEAR FOR HIGHER WH ICH FIGURES EDUCATION REMAINED ARE AT AVAI LABLE, TOTAL 2.6 PERCENT OF THE GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, VARYING UPWARD OR DOWNWARD EACH YEAR BY ONLY ONE-TENTH OF ONE PERCENT. MORE THAN THAT, COME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES HAS NOT CHANGED GREATLY YEARS. THE SHARE OF THE COSTS OF HIGHER TUITION AND FEES ACCOUNTED FOR 23 PERCENT; TOTALLED 45 PERCENT; WAS 8 PERCENT; REVENUE TREMENDOUS IN THE WHICH LAST TEN GOVERNMENT FUNDS FROM ENDOWMENT AND GIFTS OF ALL KINDS AND INCOME FROM ALLIED ENTERPRISES AND OTHER SIMILAR SOURCES WAS 24 PERCENT. INCREASED EDUCATION GOVERNMENT DIFFERENCE. AS WE LIVE DAY TO DAY, FUNDING, BUT OR THEY GRANTS BALANCE NEW TUITION LEVELS, FROM OUT UNIVERSITY'S BILLION DOLLAR FUND-RAISING CAMPAIGN DONORS OVERALL MAKE AS A ONE IS OFFSET BY LOST REVENUES SOMEWHERE ELSE CAUSED BY A DROP IN THE STOCK MARKET. �5 I N ONE RESPECT, A GREAT CHANGE HAS OCCURRED SI NCE THE 1970s. IN THAT DECADE, THE INCREASED ENROLLMENTS CREATED BY THE POST-WAR BABY BOOM CAME TO AN END. GLOOMY THE LITERATURE OF THE PERIOD WAS FILLED WITH PREDICTIONS ABOUT WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN AS A RESULT. AS IT TURNED OUT, TOTAL ENROLLMENT ROSE DRAMATICALLY. IN 1970, IT WAS 8.6 IN 1988, ACTUALLY, MILLION STUDENTS; IT WAS 12.6 MILLION. THE ENROLLMENT OF FIRST- TIME FRESHMEN I NCR EASED ONLY SL IGHTLY BETWEEN 1970 AND 1986 -- FROM 2.1 MILLION TO 2.2 MILLION. (LET ME PAUSE TO SAY THAT THAT REPRESENTED A REAL TRIUMPH FOR OUR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING GROUP.) INCREASED IN THE FACE OF THE DECLINING SIZE OF THE AGE THE DRAMATIC INCREASE CAME FROM THE INCLUSION OF A GREATLY NUMBER OF WHAT EDUCATORS HAVE CALLED "NONTRADITIONAL STUDENTS" -- THE KINDS OF STUDENTS WHICH HIGHER EDUCATION HAS ALWAYS SERVED BUT NEVER SO FULLY BEFORE. THEY ARE OLDER: IN 1970, PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 25 MADE UP 28 PERCENT OF THE STUDENT BODY; BY 1985, THEY MADE UP 42 PERCENT. AND THEY ARE MORE LIKELY THAN BEFORE TO �6 HAVE STUDY AS ONLY ONE OF THEIR MAJOR LIFE ACTIVITIES: IN 1970, 32 PERCENT OF THE STUDENTS WERE PART - T I ME; IN 1987, THAT FIGURE HAD RISEN TO 42 PERCENT. AS I SAID, THESE HIGHER LEARNING, IN PROFOUND WAYS THE WH I CH FAR FROM NEW AT OUR INSTITUTIONS OF BUT THEIR NUMBER HAS NOW REACHED SUCH A SIZE THAT EDUCATION ITSELF. LADDER, STUDENTS ARE THEY MAKE US RECONSIDER THE NATURE OF HIGHER WE HAVE LONG ACCEPTED THE IDEA OF THE EDUCATIONAL YOUNG PEOPLE CLIMBED I N AGE-SEGMENTED RANKS THROUGH LEVELS OF EARL I ER SCHOOL I NG, FROM KINDERGARTEN AND FIRST GRADE THROUGH TWELFTH. THEN, WITHOUT A PAUSE, THEY CONTINUED CLIMBING. IF THEY FALTERED, WOE TO THEM! TO USE ANOTHER METAPHOR, WE HAVE ASSUMED THAT A NARROW WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY OPENED UP ABOUT THE 18TH YEAR OF LIFE AND THAT ALL LATER SUCCESSES AND FAILURES WOULD BE INFLUENCED BY WHETHER OR NOT THE �7 YOUNG ADULT MANAGED TO ENTER THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORY AT THAT TIME AND CONTINUE IT THROUGH THE SUCCESSIVE STAGES OF FORMAL EDUCATION. THIS IDEA IS DEEPLY INGRAINED IN OUR SOCIETY. A CULTURAL LAG EXISTS BETWEEN THE WAY THINGS ARE AND THE WAYS WE TEND TO THINK ABOUT THEM. PARTICULARLY ON THE AWARDS TO FOR EXAMPLE, SPORTS PAGES, UNIVERSITIES ON THE THERE IS MUCH TRAJECTORY. ARE BASED ON THE TODAY, ABOUT BASING ALL GOVERNMENTAL EXTENT TO WHICH THEY STUDENTS THROUGH TO THE BACCALAUREATE IN FOUR YEARS . PROCEDURES TALK RIGIDITIES OF THE GET THEIR MANY COLLEGE EDUCATIONAL EVEN THE REFERENCE BOOKS I CONSULTED FOR THIS PAPER ARE BOUND BY THE "WINDOW-OF-OPPORTUNITY" CONCEPTION. ON ONE OR TWO PAGES, THEY REPORT BRIEFLY ON THE ACTUAL NATURE OF THE ENROLLMENT, BUT THEY GIVE 50 OR MORE PAGES TO A DETAILED ELABORATION OF THE ENROLLMENT OF SO-CALLED "REGULAR" REFERENCE TO THE AGE GROUP FROM 18 TO 25. STUDENTS, WITH PARTICULAR �8 ON THE CAMPUSES THEMSELVES A GREAT DEAL IS BEING DONE TO ACCOMMODATE THE NEW STUDENT BODY. CERTAINLY THAT IS TRUE, FOR OTHERWISE THE NUMBERS WOULD NOT CONTINUE TO RISE AS DRAMATICALLY AS THEY HAVE. LET US CONSIDER A FEW OF THOSE CHANGES: FACULTY MEMBERS ARE BEGINNING TO ACCOMMODATE TO THE PROBING INTELLIGENCE AND VARIED EXPERIENTIAL BACKGROUNDS OF THE IR STUDENTS. THIS CHANGE THREATENING OR INTIMIDATING, ARE SAVORING THAT CHALLENGE. IT WAS GENERALLY AGREED WH I LE SOME FIND MANY IN AN EARLIER ERA, THAT THE RETURNING VETERANS OF WORLD WAR I I WERE AMONG THE ABLEST STUDENTS THE COLLEGES EVER HAD. THOSE REWARDING DAYS ARE BACK AGAIN, THIS TIME WITH NO PROSPECT THAT THEY WILL END. THE REQUIREMENTS HAVE 1960S, FOR ADMISSION UNDERGONE A REVOLUTION. TO EARN A DEGREE, AND PLACEMENT AS LATE AN AS THE EXPERIENCED INTERPRETER HAD TO ACQUIRE 12 SEMESTER HOURS IN A MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGE, A SEASONED EDITOR WAS REQUIRED TO REGISTER IN FRESHMAN ENGLISH, AND A �9 SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSMAN WOULD HAVE TO COURSE IN PR I NC I PLES OF MANAGEMENT. WENT, NO ALLOWANCE ACQUIRED NOW, BEING MADE TAKE A AND SO IT FOR KNOWLEDGE IN ANY OTHER WAY THAN COURSE-TAKING. VI RTUALLY EVERY I NST IrUT ION HAS MADE SOME KIND OF ACCOMMODATION TO THE NEED FOR ADVANCED COLLEGIATE STANDING THE CONCEPT OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING -- AND SOME HAVE GONE VERY FAR IN THIS DIRECTION. THE WHOLE FIELD OF DISTANCE EDUCATION, IN WHICH I NSTRUCT ION IS CARR I ED OUT WHEN THE STUDENT IS NOT IN THE PHYSICAL PRESENCE OF THE TEACHER, HAS BEEN FOSTERED AND DEVELOPED, THOUGH, IT MUST BE ADMITTED, LESS ELSEWHERE IN SO THE IN THE WORLD, UNITED SUCH STATES AS IN SCANDINAVIA, AUSTRALIA, AND CANADA. IS HAPPENING HERE. ONE, DISTANCE SIGNIFICANT ENGLAND, BUT A LOT IN A COUNTRY AS VAST AS THIS EDUCATION WAY THAN OF IS NOW SEEN REACHING OUR NEW AS A STUDENT BODY. COURSES AND OTHER PATTERNS OF BEING RESHAPED, REDESIGNED INSTRUCTION ARE TO INCLUDE �10 EXPER I ENT IAL ELEMENTS, AND LOCATED AT DIFFERENT TIMES AND PLACES THAN I N THE REGULAR UN I VERS ITY LECTURE HALLS AT NINE 0' CLOCK ON MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, AND FRIDAY MORNINGS. YOu CAN ADD MANY MORE CHANGES THAN THE ONES I HAVE SUGGESTED. AT LEAST I HOPE YOU CAN, SINCE THE NATURE OF THE NEW STUDENT BODY HAS POWERFUL IMPLICATIONS FOR THOSE WHO WORK IN RESIDENTIAL CENTERS OF CONTINUING EDUCATION AND FOR THOSE WHO WILL DO SO ON INTO THE 21ST CENTURY. AS LEADERS OF FORMERLY A MAJOR STOOD FORM OF SOMEWHAT ALONE UNIVERSITY AGAINST THE ADULT STRONGLY PATTERN OF YOUTH SERVICE ELSEWHERE ON THE CAMPUS. ONE VOICE AMONG MANY WITHIN HIGHER EDUCATION, EDUCATION. YOU PREVAILING NOw YOURS IS JUST YOUR CONCURRENT SESSION AT THIS CONFERENCE ON "THE NEW STUDENT MAJORITY" WILL BE CONSIDERING THIS TOPIC AND I HOPE THAT IT REACHES OUT TO THE FULL SCOPE OF JUST HOW MUCH THIS CHANGE WILL AFFECT YOU AS YOU WORK WITH �11 YOUR NEW CAMPUS COLLEAGUES. MOST BASICALLY, PERHAPS, YOU WILL BE DEALING WITH A FACULTY WHICH IS MORE AWARE THAN BEFORE OF THE DIFFERENT NATURE OF THE MATURE ADULT MIND AS CONTRASTED WITH THAT OF THE LATE ADOLESCENT OR YOUNG ADULT. YOUR CAMPUS COLLEAGUES SHOULD HAVE A SENS ITI VENESS TO THE SPEC IAL REQUIREMENTS OF YOUR PROGRAM AND, IN VARIOUS ACADEMIC COUNCILS, MAY HELP YOU GAIN THE SUPPORT YOU NEED. PRESUMABLY YOUR SPECIAL SESSION ON "THE FACULTY ROLE" WILL DEAL WITH SUCH MATTERS. IF ALMOST HALF THE STUDENTS ON A CAMPUS ARE MATURE, PRESUMABLY MANY MORE DEPARTMENTS OF INVOLVED INSTRUCTION AND OTHER ACADEMIC UNITS WILL BE IN TEACHING THEM THAN BEFORE. THE VISTA OF BODIES OF CONTENT WITH WHICH YOU HAVE HAD NO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE MAY BECOME A CHALLENGE FOR YOU. IF X DEPARTMENT AND Y PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL BEGIN TO THINK CREATIVELY ABOUT EDUCATING ADULTS, YOU MUST BE PREPARED TO HELP THEM. �12 THE STRUCTURAL RULES AND RELATIONSH I PS PRESUMABLY NEED TO CHANGE. FOCUS OF HARDER WORK THE I TO ALWAYS AND INFILTRATE PERHAPS THROUGHOUT WANTED TO RUN THEIR UN I VERS I TY WILL YOUR TASK OF KEEPING THE CENTER AS THE UN I VERS I TY S CONFERENC I NG THAN BEFORE WITH I N THE OWN ACT I VI TY SHOULD NO THE LONGER BE UNIVERSITY. SHOWS; WILL THEIR BECOME A GOAL AS SOME DEANS NUMBERS WILL EVEN YOU HAVE INCREASE AND SO WILL THE NUMBER OF DEPARTMENT HEADS AND PROFESSORS WITH THE SAME ASPIRATION. PROTECTIVE LINES RESTRICTIVE RULES. PROBLEM, ONE ON SOLUTION TO THE ORGANIZATION ON THE WHOLE, IF ONLY BECAUSE PROBLEM CHARTS THIS AND IS TO TO TRY TO DRAW SET UP NEW IS A POOR WAY TO SOLVE THE IT REQU I RES YOU TO SPEND SO MUCH OF YOUR TIME IN POLITICS AND POLICE WORK RATHER THAN EDUCATION. PREVENT OR TO WIN ANY COMBAT I VE ENCOUNTERS I S TO THE WAY TO MAKE SERVICE SO EXCELLENT THAT OTHERS CANNOT COMPETE WITH YOU. HAVE MORE TO SAY ON THIS LATER. YOUR OWN I SHALL �13 YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO PROVIDE SOME KIND OF REINFORCEMENT, ENRICHMENT, OR COUNTERPOISE TO THE INNOVATIONS IN PROGRAMMING GOING ON ELSEWHERE. THOSE OF FOR DISTANCE EXAMPLE, EDUCATION, DECENTRALIZED CAN BE PROGRAMS, PARTICULARLY REINFORCED BY BRINGING THE STUDENTS TOGETHER IN OCCAS IONAL COLLECT IVE GATHER I NGS; CAN YOU BE THE HOSTS FOR THEM? CAN THE CENTER IN FACT BE THE FOCUS FOR ALL-CAMPUS EFFORTS TO STUDY THE ADULT STUDENTS AND SEE HOW THEY CAN BEST BE SERVED -- BE THE INTELLECTUAL CENTER FOR THIS DIMENSION OF THE UNIVERSITY'S MISSION? YOu WILL THINK OF OTHER EXAMPLES OF THIS POTENTIALLY FRUITFUL IDEA. THE POTENTIAL IS VIRTUALLY LIMITLESS. III THE OTHER MAJOR CHANGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION WHICH I WOULD LIKE TO CALL TO YOUR ATTENTION UNIVERSITY ITSELF. BUT I THINK PATTERNS. IT HAS TO DO WITH THE CONCEPTION OF THE IT IS NOT SUBJECT TO STATISTICAL VERIFICATION -IS JUST AS TRUE AS THE CHANGE IN ENROLLMENT �14 NOT SO LOI\JG AGO, PERHAPS AS RECEI\JTL Y AS THE 1960S, THE IDEA OF A UNIVERSITY WAS FAIRLY WELL ESTABLISHED AS INCLUDING AN UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM, A FULL RANGE OF GRADUATE DEPARTMENTS, AND A CLUSTER OF PROFESS IONAL SCHOOLS WI TH LAW AND MEDIC I NE AS THE I R CORNERSTONES. NOTHING COULD BE DROPPED; A UNIVERSITY SHOULD TEACH SANSKRIT BECAUSE IT HAD ALWAYS TAUGHT SANSKRIT. NARROWER THEY To BE SURE, MANY INSTITUTIONS WITH A RAI\JGE OF OFFERINGS CALLED THEMSELVES "UNIVERSITIES" BUT DID SO WITHOUT FULL CONVICTION, INCOMPLETE. FEELING THEMSELVES SOMEHOW UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATORS OFTEN ARGUED THAT THEY NEEDED JUST ONE OR TWO OR PERHAPS THREE MORE DEPARTMENTS BEFORE THEY COULD BE FULLY ENTITLED TO ACCEPTANCE IN THE HIGHER CIRCLES OF ACADEME. IN THE 1970S MATTERS STARTED TO CHANGE. THE STANDARD SPEECH OF THE PRESIDENTS BEGAN TO CENTER AROUND THE IDEA OF CHOICE OR THE IDEA OF CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE. "WE MUST FIND OUT WHAT WE CAN DO BEST," THEY SAID, "AND PUT OUR RESOURCES THERE." AND SO ACADEMIC SENATES AND �15 THE PLATOONS OF ADMINISTRATORS WHO NOW ADORN OUR UNIVERSITIES TURNED THEIR ATTENTION THEMSELVES: ADEQUATE TO PRUNING AND UNIVERSITIES RESHAPING. DOES AN EXISTING OR PROPOSED FIELD OF STUDY HAVE AN KNOWLEDGE BASE? DO WE HAVE TOP-QUALITY PROGRAM I N THIS FIELD? THE RESOURCES TO BE HEARD, OF LOOKED CLOSELY SCHOOLS, CLASSICS. PROGRAMS STATEWIDE TO SEE WHETHER OFFERED AT FEWER I NST I TUT IONS. HEARD FROM: EXTERNAL VOICES BEGAN ASK I NG WHETHER THE COUNTRY REALLY REQU I RED ALL DENTAL DEPARTMENTS TO MOUNT A ARE THE NEEDS OF SOCIETY FOR PEOPLE WITH THIS SPECIALTY ALREADY BEING MET? EXISTING ASKED SIXTEEN STATES OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS PROGRAMS OF ADMINISTRATION, OF ITS AND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTRUCTION COULD BE PRED ICTABL Y, THE LEG ISLATURES WERE NOW REQUIRE PUBLIC COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES TO SET UP PROGRAMS TO ASSESS HOW MUCH STUDENTS ACTUALLY LEARN IN COLLEGE. PART OF SOCIETY'S INTEREST IN ACCOUNTABILITY WAS CAUSED BY A FEELING OF FINANCIAL PRESSURE AND SOME WAS PERHAPS THE RESULT OF THE BELIEFS OF SOME DEPARTMENT HEADS THAT THEIR OWN WORK �16 COULD BECOME MORE SECURE BY ELIMINATING COMPETITION. BUT IN A GOOD MANY CASES, IT BECAME CLEAR TO ALL INTERESTED PARTIES THAT PROGRAMS REALLY WERE SO WEAK THAT THEY HAD LITTLE HOPE OF REHABILITATION. WHATEVER THE CAUSE, THE RESULTS ARE CLEAR. PROGRAMS OF INSTRUCTION HAVE BEEN TERMINATED. LONG-ESTABLISHED LIBRARY SCHOOLS WERE PERHAPS THE CHIEF VICTIMS, BUT SOME UNIVERSITIES HAVE NOT HESITATED TO CLOSE OUT THEIR WORK IN A NUMBER OF FIELDS, GEOGRAPHY, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, AND SOCIOLOGY. INCLUDING BOTANY, AT MOST PLACES THE IDEA OF AN OMNI-COMPETENT UNIVERSITY HAS BEEN ABANDONED. THIS REDUCTION IN THE SCOPE OF THE UNIVERSITY'S INSTRUCTION PROVIDES NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE CENTERS FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION. LOSE SOME OF THE UNITS ON CAMPUS WITH WHICH THEY THEY WILL HAVE WORKED. EXPERTS IN SOME FIELDS NEEDED I N CONFERENCES WILL BE MISSING FROM THE CAMPUS AND MUST BE LOCATED ELSEWHERE. MANY OTHER PROBLEMS OF �17 THE SAME SORT MAY PRESENT THEMSELVES, BUT, GIVEN YOUR PRACTICED INGENUITY, THEY WILL BE QUICKLY SOLVED. FOR RESIDENTIAL CENTERS, THE HEART OF THE PROBLEM LIES DEEPER. CLEAR COOL THEMSELVES EYE OF THE ASSESSORS WITH THE RESULT THAT WILL THEIR FALL UPON RESOURCES -- THE EVEN THE CENTERS THEIR SURVIVAL -- WILL DEPEND UPON HOW ADMIRABLY THEY DO THEIR WORK. NEITHER THEIR CONVENIENT PHYSICAL FACILITIES NOR THEIR USEFULNESS IN PUBLIC RELATIONS WILL SAVE THEM. AS WE ALL KNOW, CONFERENCE CENTERS OUTSIDE THE UNIVERSITIES HAVE HAD A REMARKABLE GROWTH IN BUSINESS, GOVERNMENT, AND VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS. HOTELS NOW ROUTINELY ADD THE WORDS "CONFERENCE CENTER" TO THE IR TITLES AND SO DOES EVERY CROSS-ROADS MOTEL WITH A MEETING ROOM. (ONE OF YOUR SESSIONS WILL DISCUSS YOUR RELAT IONSH I PS WI TH THESE I NDEPENDENT VENTURES.) OTHER MODELS HAVE BECOME COMMONPLACE THROUGHOUT EUROPE, I N SOME CASES, AS �18 IN HAMBURG AND SHOWPLACES AT THE MONTREUX, BECOMING HEART OF THEIR CITIES. BUILD SUCH CENTERS AS EARLY STEPS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES. MAY BE, SIMPLY GLISTENING THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES IN THEIR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OUR UNIVERSITY CENTERS, PLEASANT THOUGH THEY CANNOT COMPETE AS PLACES AVAILABLE, SOMETIMES NEARBY. PHYSICAL RESOURCES WITH OTHER AND WHILE CENTERS ARE CLEARLY IMPORTANT INSTRUMENTS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS, SECONDARY FUNCTION. ARCHITECTURAL THAT SHOULD BE ONLY A CENTER STAFFS NEED TO DO ALL THEY CAN, AS RAPIDLY AND SMOOTHLY AS POSSIBLE, TO PRESENT THEMSELVES SO THAT THEY APPEAL TO THE TRULY SERIOUS MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY AND TO THE THOUGHTFUL OUTS IDE CONST I TUENTS WHOM THE UN I VERS ITY MOST WANTS TO SERVE. MOST CONFERENCE CENTERS -- IN HOTELS, BUSINESSES, AND ELSEWHERE -CAN BE RUN ON SIMPLE PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES AND WITH THE USE OF A FEW CHECK-SHEETS. THE IDEA OF CONFERENCING ITSELF IS SO POWERFUL THAT �19 NO GREAT SOCIAL VISION OR ADMINISTRATIVE SKILL IS REQUIRED TO MAKE IT SUCCEED. SURVIVAL BUT AND, INSTITUTION AT ITSELF uSUCCESS u IN THE OR MOST, ON SUCH CASES FINANCIAL THE BOTTOM MEANS, PROFIT, LINE OF AT THE EITHER THE LEAST, FOR COMPANIES THE OR ASSOCIATIONS WHICH MAINTAIN SUCH CENTERS. BUT OUR UNIVERSITY CENTERS CANNOT BE CONTENT WITH MERE SURVIVAL OR EVEN FINANCIAL PROFIT, ESSENTIAL THOUGH IT IS. IF THEY HAVE HAD AN IMPORTANT I NPUT I N THE GROWTH OF THE IDEA OF RES IDENT IAL CENTERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, IT HAS LEARNING THEY HAVE PROVIDED. BEEN IN TERMS OF THE QUALITY OF IN THE PROBING, QUESTIONING DAYS WHICH ARE NOW UPON THEM, I FEEL SURE THAT THEY CANNOT HOPE TO THRIVE, MUCH LESS SURVIVE, POWERFUL IF THEY CANNOT CONTINUE TO PROVE THEMSELVES TO BE INSTRUMENTS OF EDUCATION IN A FORM WHICH IS NOW WELL ACCEPTED BUT WHICH NEEDS CONSTANTLY TO BE DEMONSTRATED IN NEW AND POWERFUL WAYS. �20 THE UN IQUENESS OF THE UN I VERSI TY-BASED THE FACT THAT I TIS UN I VERS I TY-BASED. UNIVERSITY, IT MUST SERVE UNIVERSITY'S MISSION OF SERVICE. DISTINCTIVE CREDIT, ROLE IN FOR THE FACULTY, CENTER ACCESS TO MUST THE SERVE KNOWLEDGE RESIDENTIAL CENTER COMPONENT OF AS THE THE MOST RESOURCES THE IS PERCEIVED TO BE UN I VERSI TY' S STRUCTURE, IRREPLACEABLY TO THE TOTAL WORK OF THE AND IN THE LIMITED RESEARCH ITS RESOURCES FOR THE LEARNER, RESPONSIVE INSTITUTION. POINT UNLESS OF THE AND IN FACT IS -- A VITAL CONTR IBUT ING INSTITUTION SOCIETAL NEEDS OF THE PUBLIC WHICH SUSTAINS AND SHOULD BE -- IN JEOPARDY. AND NOT THE CENTER AND USEFUL OF LIES FULFILLING LEADING TO CREDENTIALS), MUST BE SEEN AS A VITAL COLLABORATOR AND CATALYST. THE CENTER FROM THE PERSPECT I VE OF THE TEACHING (BROADLY DEFINED, TO COURSES ON CAMPUS FOR AND PUBLIC A RES IDEI~T I AL IT, IN VALUABLY AND SERVING THE ITS FUTURE WILL -- �21 IV THOUGHTS ABOUT THE FUTURE OF RESIDENTIAL CENTERS MUST DEAL WITH BOTH STYLE AND SUBSTANCE. AS TO STYLE, I HAVE ONLY ONE QUESTION TO ASK. THE STAFFS OF OUR CENTERS HAVE SPENT ALMOST HALF A CENTURY THINKING ABOUT PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES. ROBERT SIMERLY AND OTHERS HAVE BROUGHT TOGETHER THE FRUITS OF THAT EXPERIENCE AND GIVEN IT FOCUS AND FORCE, NOT ONLY SO FAR AS CONFERENCING IS METHODOLOGIES AS TELEVISED COMPUTERS. CONCERNED, BUT LECTURES AND THE ALSO USE IN SUCH OF INTERACTIVE YOU PLAN TO CONTINUE THIS PROCESS OF ANALYSIS NEWER IN AT LEAST FOUR OF YOUR SESSIONS HERE DEALING WITH MARKET MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, EXTERNAL IMPACTS AND CONSTRAINTS, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA, AND ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. THE ROLE OF NEW TECHNOLOG I ES I N THE UN IVERS I TY OF THE 21ST CENTURY �22 DESERVES SPEC IAL COMMENT BECAUSE I T WI LL BE SO CR ITICAL. ITIS DI FF ICULT TO DE TERM I NE WHAT NEW TECHNOLOG I ES WILL EVOLVE EVEN IN TH IS DECADE, LET ALONE THE BEG I NN I NG OF THE NEXT CENTURY, OR HOW SOON THE IMPACT WILL BE FELT BY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. HOWEVER, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE RESIDENTIAL CENTERS HAVE A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO USE THE TOOLS SERVICES. SYSTEM, OF TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION FOR EXAMPLE, OF ALLOWS IN AN EXTENDING THEIR INTERACTIVE EXTENSIVE OUTREACH ELECTRONIC CONTACT WITHOUT AND MESSAGE REQUIRING STUDENTS AND THE TEACHER TO BE IN THE SAME PLACE. WHEN I THINK ABOUT TECHNOLOGY AND CENTURY, ITS IMPLICATIONS IN THE NEXT I RECALL A QUOTE THAT WAS ATTRIBUTED TO DANIEL BOONE "NO, I WAS NEVER LOST. BUT I WAS ONCE BEWILDERED FOR THREE DAYS." PLANNING FOR THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY CAN BE AN OVERWHELMING ROAD MAP WHERE WE CAN EASILY BECOME LOST IN ITS PROCESSES. THAT IS WHY IT IS �23 CRITICAL THAT WHEN PLANNING THE USAGE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY TODAY, OR IN THE NEXT CENTURY, WE REMEMBER THAT IT IS A MEANS AND NOT THE END OF PROVIDING EDUCATION. WE MUST · CONTINUE TO GIVE EACH STUDENT THE ATTENTION AND SUPPORT SPECIFICALLY TAILORED TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN ALL PROGRAMS, JUST AS YOU WOULD YOUR MOST HIGHLY VALUED CONFERENCES. SOME OF YOU HAVE BECOME THE MASTERS OF THE COMPLEX PATTERNS YOU USE. My QUESTION, AND IT REALLY IS A QUESTION, IS: HAVE YOU BROUGHT YOUR LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE UP TO THE HIGH STANDARDS WHICH YOU ESPOUSE? DO THE PARTICIPANTS AT EVERY ONE OF YOUR PROGRAMS GET THE ATTENTION AND THE CAREFULLY TAILORED SUPPORT THAT YOU GIVE TO YOUR MOST HIGHLY VALUED CONFERENCES? PROFESS IONAL I SM WI LL LEAD YOU, IF NOT, I AM THEN YOUR OWN SENSE OF SURE, TO I NCR EASE THE SUPERVISION AND STAFF TRAINING WHICH CAN PROVIDE QUALITY OF SERVICE THROUGHOUT ALL THAT YOU DO. �24 BUT A SIMPLE PREOCCUPATION WITH METHOD WILL NOT GIVE OUR CENTERS THE STATURE THEY WILL NEED TO FLOURISH IN THE CRITICAL ATMOSPHERE OF THE FUTURE. CRUCIAL THOUGH A POLISHED STYLE MAY BE, YOU WILL PROBABLY ALL AGREE THAT SUBSTANCE IS MORE IMPORTANT. EDUCATION ACHIEVES THEMES AND A CENTER FOR CONTINUING ITS FULLEST PURPOSE WHEN PROBLEMS BY BRINGING THE IT DEALS WITH VITAL UNIVERSITY'S RESOURCES IN MEANINGFUL WAYS TO RESPONSIBLE MEMBERS OF ITS DEFINED COMMUNITIES. IT IS HARD TO FILL A CENTER ALL YEAR LONG, IN SEASON AND OUT, WITH SOLID AND CREATIVE LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES. THIS TASK REQUIRES MANY BEG INNING POINTS, OF WHICH THE TWO MOST COMPREHENSIVE ARE THE SURVEY OF THE NEEDS OF OUR SOC I ETY AND THE SCANN I NG OF THE UN I VERS ITY TO SEE WHICH OF ITS RESOURCES COULD BE USED TO ENRICH THE QUALITY OF LIFE. WE CANNOT WAIT FOR INSPIRATION TO STRIKE IN THE SELECTION OF THEMES FOR CONFERENCES, BUT MUST CONTINUOUSLY ASK OURSELVES CERTAIN KEY QUESTIONS: �25 WHAT ARE WE NOW DOING THAT CAN BEST BE AMPLIFIED OR EXTENDED? WHAT SUCCESSFUL PATTERNS HAVE WE DEVELOPED THAT (You WILL CAN BEST BE USED FOR NEW CONFERENCES? BE ASKING YOURSELVES THIS QUESTION IN YOUR SESSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.) HOw CAN WE BEST SUPPLEMENT OTHER EFFORTS ON CAMPUS TO SERVE THE UNIVERSITY'S NEW PATTERNS OF ENROLLMENT? ARE THERE FACULTY MEMBERS OR ACADEMIC GROUPS WHO HAVE IMPORTANT MESSAGES TO DELIVER TO PEOPLE IN THE OUTSIDE COMMUNITY AND WHO NEED YOUR AND SEMIPROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IN DOING SO? ARE THERE PROFESSIONAL GROUPS WHO REQU I RE HELP I N STRENGTHEN I NG THE I R CAPACITIES FOR SERVICE? ARE THERE BODIES OF KNOWLEDGE NOT NOW REPRESENTED IN THE UNIVERSITY'S CURRICULUM WHICH ARE NEEDED BY SIGNIFICANT GROUPS IN OUR SOCIETY? �26 ARE THERE COULD GEOGRAPHICALLY PROFIT FROM DISPERSED A COLLECTIVE PEOPLE EXPERIENCE WH ICH THEY COME TO KNOW ONE ANOTHER, WHO IN TO PLAN TOGETHER, AND TO CARRY OUT THOSE PLANS? ARE THERE SOCIETAL PROBLEMS WHICH CANNOT BE SOLVED EXCEPT BY THE COLLABORATION OF SEGMENTS OF THE PUBLIC NOT NOW IN FRUITFUL TOUCH WITH ONE ANOTHER? HOw CAN THE UNIVERSITY'S RELATIVELY NEUTRAL BASE BE BEST USED GOVERNMENT, GROUPS, TO ENABLE BUSINESS, AND LABOR, OTHER PEOPLE ITS OWN STAFF, RACIALLY ORIENTED TO ASSEMBLE AND INTERACT? IS THE PROVISION EXPERIENCES IN THE OF CULTURAL COMMUNITIES AND AESTHETIC SERVED BY THE UNIVERSITY SO THIN OR SO POORLY EXECUTED THAT STANDARDS OF QUALITY ARE NOT SET? PRESUMABLY YOU ASK YOURSELVES THESE QUESTIONS OR OTHERS LIKE THEM AND THEREBY TAKE THE INITIATIVE IN PLANNING AND LAUNCHING -- NOT �27 MERELY WAITING FOR IDEAS TO ARRIVE IN THE MAIL, OVER THE TELEPHONE, OR BY THE FAX MACHINE. FULLY RESPONSIVE TO EVERY GOOD CONFERENCE DIRECTOR WANTS TO BE THE EXPRESSED NEEDS OF HIS OR HER CAMPUS COLLEAGUES AND TO INTERACT WITH THEM IN DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING THE PROGRAMS THEY SUGGEST. I HAVE HEARD IT SAID THAT SUCH RESPONSIVENESS WAS ENOUGH, THAT IT MADE UP THE HIGHEST EXPRESSION OF THE CENTER'S WORK. BUT, I HAVE ALSO NOTICED THAT THE PEOPLE WHO EXPRESS THIS VIEW USUALLY OPERATE PROGRAMS IN WHICH THEIR OWN VALUES AND I NTERESTS ARE SIGN I FICANTL Y EXPRESSED. I N THE REF I NEMENT AND SHAPING OF A PROGRAM, THE IDEAS OF THE CENTER'S STAFF MEMBERS WILL EVENTUALLY BE DEMONSTRATED IN SOME FASHION. SHOULD BE PRESENT FROM THE VERY BEGINNING. I THINK THAT THEY THE STAFF MEMBERS STAND AT THE PRECISE POINT WHERE THE CONTENT OF THE UNIVERSITY AND THE NEEDS OF SOC I ETY I NTERACT AND THEY SHOULD BE SK I LLFUL INTERPRETERS OF EACH TO THE OTHER, BRINGING THEIR OWN JUDGMENTS TO BEAR EVEN AS THEY FOSTER THE PROCESSES OF INTERACTION. �28 BUT SOMETIMES I WONDER IF MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY FROM THROUGHOUT THE UNIVERSITY ARE AS FULLY INVOLVED IN THE CENTERS' OPERATION AS THEY SHOULD BE. THEY ARE UNIVERSITY'S I NTELLECTUAL MAl NSTREAM. SOMEWHAT THEIR KNOWLEDGE A HOWEVER, CENTERS TEND TO BE A PART OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE UNIVERSITY, ON AND ABILITY. THE DEPEND RESOURCE WORK OF ULTIMATELY GREATEST CENTER'S MACHINERY MUST THE DELINEATED FROM AND THE IF, AS I SUSPECT, THE NEW ASTR I NGENCY IN OUR UNIVERSITIES WILL CALL INCREASINGLY FOR A CRITICAL EYE TO BE CAST UPON CONFERENCE CENTERS, THE INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE SUPPORT OF THE FACULTY WILL ALMOST CERTAINLY BECOME A CRUCIAL ELEMENT OF THOSE CENTERS' OPERATION, EVEN OF THEIR SURVIVAL. WE ALL KNOW, CAN BE WON ONLY INVOLVED MEANINGFUL IN AND THAT SUPPORT, AS IF THE FACULTY MEMBERS HAVE BEEN SIGNIFICANT WAYS IN THE CENTER'S PROGRAMM ING SO THAT THEY KNOW IT FIRST HAND AND THEREFORE FULLY APPRECIATE ITS ROLE AND VALUE. �29 IT IS ALWAYS HELPFUL TO HAVE MODELS TO FOLLOW, BUT I CAN THINK OF ONLY ONE WHICH MIGHT APPLY AS A PARALLEL TO A UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE CENTER AND THAT IS THE UNIVERSITY PRESS MOVEMENT WHICH BEGAN A CENTURY AGO SO IT HAS HAD A LOT OF TIME TO GROW AND MATURE. I AM NO EXPERT OF THE WORK OF SUCH PRESSES BUT IT SEEMS TO ME THAT THE MORE SUCCESSFUL ONES MIGHT WELL OFFER EXAMPLES FROM WHICH CENTER DIRECTORS AND THEIR STAFFS COULD DISTILL USEFUL PRINCIPLES. THE PRESSES ARE CONCERNED CHIEFLY WITH THE DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE. THEY HAVE LARGE OVERHEADS WHICH THEY MUST MEET CHIEFLY BY REVENUES FROM THEIR OPERATIONS. THEY HAVE DEMANDING AND EXACT METHODOLOGIES WHICH MUST BE EXPRESSED IN EVERYTHING THEY DO, BUT WHICH ARE MASTERED SO EFFORTLESSLY THAT THEY ARE SCARCELY NOTICED BY THOSE WHO BUY OR USE THEIR PRODUCTS. THEY MUST BE BROADLY DIVERSIFIED IN THEIR OFFERING, EVEN THOUGH EACH PROGRAM HAS CENTRAL THRUSTS AND EMPHASES. PRESSES ARE CONSTANTLY LOOKING FOR NEW VENTURES WHICH MAY BECOME THE CENTRAL THRUSTS FOR THE FUTURE. THEY MUST BE CAREFUL THAT THEIR WORK MEETS �30 ONLY THE HIGHEST STANDARDS AND WILL BE EXPOSED TO IMMEDIATE CENSURE THE MOMENT THEY LESSEN THE QUALITY OF WHAT THEY DO. THEY MUST HAVE CREATIVE EDITORS ON THEIR OWN STAFFS OR BUY THE TIME OF OUTSIDE SPECIALISTS WHO CAN PROVIDE SUCH CREATIVITY. THEY OFFER TO THE FACULTY A CENTRAL AVENUE BY WHICH ITS IDEAS MAY BE TRANSMITTED TO SIGNIFICANT AUDIENCES IN THE OUTSIDE WORLD. THEY HAVE VIGOROUS AND WELL-FINANCED COMPETITORS OUTSIDE THE UNIVERSITY, BUT HOLD THEIR OWN IN THE STRUGGLE FOR AUDIENCES. MORE THAN THAT, THEY HAVE THE RESPECT OF THE I R COMMERC IAL COMPET I TORS, WHO KEEP A CLOSE EYE ON THEM. A BOOK FROM ONE OF OUR OUTSTANDING UNIVERSITY PRESSES OFTEN HAS A PRESTIGE, WHICH THE PRODUCT OF A COMMERCIAL PUBLISHER CANNOT MATCH. PERHAPS IN THEIR EXPERIENCE AND EXAMPLE ARE LESSONS USEFUL TO THOSE PROVIDING LEADERSHIP FOR RESIDENTIAL CENTERS. �31 v I BEGAN BY SAYING THAT THE UNIVERSITY OF THE 21ST CENTURY WILL PROBABLY REMAIN ESSENTIALLY LIKE THE UNIVERSITY OF THE 20TH CENTURY, JUST AS WE CAN SEE RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN OUR PRESENT INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROGENITORS OF, SAY, THE 16TH CENTURY. BUT PRESENT PATTERNS WILL ALSO CHANGE IN SIGNIFICANT WAYS, AND THE RESIDENTIAL CENTERS OF CONTINUING EDUCATION ARE LIKELY TO BE PART OF THE CHANGE, NOT OF THE STABILITY. THE UN IVERS ITY' S BROADENED STUDENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES NOT PREVIOUSLY PRESENT. BASE PRESENTS WHILE WE MAY NO LONGER BE ABLE TO DEFINE A UNIVERSITY ABSTRACTLY AS A STRUCTURE, WE SHALL ALMOST CERTAINLY SHARPEN AND APPLY MORE BROADLY THOSE IDEAS OF QUALITY WHICH THE UNIVERSITY HAS ALWAYS TRIED TO MAINTAIN. THE CENTER AND ALL ITS ENDEAVORS WILL ENCOUNTER A SCRUTINY THEY HAVE NOT PREVIOUSLY UNDERGONE. THE IDEA OF A WINDOW-OF-OPPORTUNITY IS VALID IN THE PHYSICAL WORLD �32 BUT WE CAN NO LONGER ACT AS THOUGH PEOPLE LEARN SIGNIFICANT CONDITIONING AT EVERY LEARNING OF AGE AND GOALS CAN MATURITY HAS WINDOWS-OF-OPPORTUNITY. SOME BEST IT WERE TRUE OF BE OCCURRED. THE IN EDUCATION. MOST SOUGHT LIFE AS YOU WORK OUT ALL THE CRUCIAL AND ONLY AFTER THE IS FULL OF IMPLICATIONS OF THIS CONCEPTION, I CANNOT OFFER YOU AN EASY AND COMFORTABLE FUTURE. BUT I AM CONFIDENT THAT YOUR ABILITY TO FACE AND MEET ITS CHALLENGES WILL ULTIMATELY PROVE REWARDING TO YOU AND TO ALL THE PEOPLE YOU SERVE. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1991-02-18_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The University of the 21st Century- Implications for the Residential Conference Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 18, 1991 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Kellogg Conference on University-based Residential Continuing Education in Oklahoma. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-02-18 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1d5ad3123cd46982d30c376c33d01bc2.pdf d2c197d40619172b8020f8a874d1ce00 PDF Text Text "Buildin g An Even Better Battle Creek" Keynot e Rema r ks Dr. Russell G. Mawby Cha i r man and Chief Executive Officer w. K. Kello gg Foundation Battle Creek Inves t ment Growth Corporation Third Annual Economic Development Fund Breakfast February 19. 1986 Good morning. ~n lead e r s. It is ~~~~ a u d i e ce m ny of this city's best f riends and most spi r ited BAd se Your ene r gi e s and Cr e ek t o meet an 9AWC'e s have helped Battle array of :1 ti' IiUji't; challenging issues in r ecent years ... meet them a n d win ov e r them! For that we all owe ~a debt of gratitude . Th is is the Third Annual Breakfast focusing on the e c o n omi c futu r e of greater Battle Creek. It comes at a time when , new spi rit of p rogress and achiev e ment is h ighly evident in our commun ity . of you are act ive ly involved in Battle Creek unlimited~YOU .fPJl- what's going on in the Fort Custer Industrial Park. " Ex cit i ng 1 Many know �things. indeed! k A ha t a change we've also seen in the downtown in t h e past two y e a rs! *The new McCamly ~ f estival marketplace, se t t o op e n wi th an e x citing a r r a y of n e w sho p s and attr a c tio ns. *A new five -deck publ ic park ing structure convenient to the Michigan Mall a n d to Mc Caml Sq a r e . ~ *The Kellogg Center J.p ow "com ing into its own" as a recreational and entertainment focus for thousands of area residents. *The imp r essive n e w Kellogg Corporate headquarters building. *Do wnt own redeve lopment efforts involving the Michigan Mall, the linear park, new restaurants, and new businesses. o»: can Yo all take pride in the fact that we haven't let our downtown d i.e .... We recogniz el that a community needs a "hear t", or a cent e r, in order to per c eive itself as an entity, and backed that knowledge with commitment ... public and private. 2 �u t u r e ¥ o e ~now t h a tt h e ch a l l e n g e sa r en o to v e rf o rB a t t l eC r e e k . We s t i l l h av eh i g h unemp loym en t i no u r commun i ty -- on eo ft h eh i g h e s ti nM ic h i g a n. Th e recen t announ cem en t o fC l a r kE qu ipm en t's f u r t h e rp l a n t and j o b re d u c t i o nrem ind su st h a tc r u cia lc h a l l e n g e sr em a i ni nd i v e r si f y i n g o u rl o c a le conom i cb a s e. . . o fd r aw i n gm o e and d i f f e r e n t indu stries t oo u r commun i ty . E a ch o fu sL ss h a r p l yaw a r eo ft h en e ed t oc reate .j o b st h a tof f e rgood s a l a r i e sand r e a s o n a b l ew o r k i n g newjobs .. condit i o n s . And , w e stil lf a c et h ec h a l l e n g eo f im p r o v i ng e d u c a t i o n a lo p p o r t u n i t i e sf o ro u rc i t i z e n s .P e r h a p st h a tc h a l l e n g e , l i k ee conom i cg r ow t h , can n e v e rb ef u l l ys a t i s f i e d ,n o rs h o u l dit b e . The r ea lw a y sw il lb er e a s o n st us t r i v ef o rimp roved em p loym en t and s o c i a ladv an c em en t opportunl . t .L es f o ra l l . ek des e r v etha t end owme~n~t~ 3 ~ ~o~~~ �~ » :> n d ,b a s e d on~ a c c om p l i s hm e n t so v e rt h e C OI l UI l l : l Ri t ; p a s ty e a r s ,I amc o n v i n c e dt h a tt h ec i t i z e n so fB a t t l eC r e e kw i l l h a v et h o s eim p o r t a n to p p o r t u n i t i e s . T h e s ea r et h ef a c t sa n dt h en e e d s : g r .ow th a n dp r o g r e s sw ith m o r e , mu ch m o r e , y e tt ob ed o n e . To a c c om p l i s ht h e s ee n d s ,e a c ho f y o u ,e a c hd a y , mu st b ea p r a gm a t i s ta s you f u l f i l ly o u rb u s i n e s sa n d c i v i cl e a d e r s h i pr o l e si nB a t t l eC r e e k . Y o u ' v e r e a c h e dy o u r l e a d e r s h i pp o s i t i o nb e c a u s e you a r ea " d o e r , "n o ta " g l o oma n d doo r n e r". E v e ry 0n e 0f u s ~ um ~ le ~t an a . ) n 1 0 ' e o~ a m know si ti s~ e a s i e rt o t or o l lup o u rs h i r ts l e e v e sa n d go t owo rk on p r o b l em s . E a c ho fu sa l s oknow sw h a t i sn e c e s s a r yt op r o d u c e p o s i t i v er e s u l t s : comm i t me n t ,w o r k , a n dv i s i o n . I t 1: m ind o ft h egood a d v i c eh a n d e d down b yW i l l i am A r t h u rW a rd , aw i s e b u s i n e s sm a n : 4 �"B l e s s e di st h ep e r s o n who s e e st h en e e d ,r e c o g n i z e st h e respon s i b i l i ty, a n da c t i v e l ybecom es t h ea n sw e r . " Th a ti sa p r e t t ygood d e s c r i p t i o no fe a c ho f you. I ti sa good d e s c r i p t i o nb e c a u s e wh en t h eI n v e s tm e n tG row th C o r p o r a t i o nc am ei n t o ein ~ o f you w e r e among t h e37 b u s i n e ss e s a n d 107 i n d i v i d u a lp r o p e r t y ow n e r s who ~ w~~~~~~~~~~~~~ w ~ a n dm ad e t h eE conom i cD e v e l o pm p n t Fund a r . e a l i t y . You r ~ $ 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 inc o n tr i b u t i o n sw a s m at c hed b yt h eK e ll o g gF o u n d a t i o n . A Th ep a r t n e r s h i pr e p r e s e n t e db y th a s e ,g a v et h e $1 .2 m illion b I n v e s tm en t G row th C o r p o r a ti o nf o o t i n gt ol e v e r a g et h e s el o c a l r e s o u r c e st oac h i e v ea d d i t i o n a lp a r t n e r s h i p s. . .p a r t n er s h i p sw ith t h eSm al l Bu si n e s sAdm i n i s tr a t i o n ,b a n k s ,v e n t u r ec a p i t a l ,M ic h i g a n p o n s i o nf u n di n v e s tm e n t s ,a n dl o a n sb yt h eM i c h i g a n E conom i c 5 J �Deve lopment Authority ... partnerships that in tULn include local f i r ms which have used the loaned monies to bri.ng growth to Battle Cr e e k. And so, in the short t ime the Investment Growth Cor poration has operated, its EcoIlomic Development Fund has helped to make excit ing things possible for Building an Even Better Battle Creek. Let me just list ~~~a l examples of new or expanded industry in the Park benefiting f r om EDF suppo r t: * Th e Stud i o One Company Refurbishes mannequins . market. Park Has a national Employs 20 people. ness to Bat tle Creek. 6 A NEW busi- �* Indu s t r i a lP a r kR e b u i l d Comp any NEW mi n o rity -ow ned f i rm . R e b u i l d s ma j o r b o r i n ga n dm illinge q u i pm e n t . Emp loy s 7f u l l t im ea n d7 p a rtt im ep e o p l e . * Un i t ed S t e e l and W i r e Company _ .... J . . . . . . . . . ~ R e te nt i o no f mo r e t h a n200 j o b sf o r B a . t t l eC re e k . ) ' , An ate c h, L td . M a n u f a c t u r e s c h em i c a lr e a g e n t sf o r h ea l t hi n d u s t r y . Ah i g h t e c hf i rm Em p l o y e s lO l~ p e o p l e . M any o the r s u cces ss t o ri e sin term so fn ew i n d u s tr ya n dj o b sc a nb e l cit e d! ~ ED Fl o a nr e s o u r c e sa r ea f - c a r e f u l l ya s s i g n e da c c o r d i ng t o a s p e c i f i cs e to fg u i d e l i n e s . F o re x am p l e ,a tl e a s t25 p e r c e n to f / �t h eFund i st a r g e t e df o rat t r a c t i n go rr e t a i n i n gm i n o r i t yo wn ed b u s i n e s s e s . L o a n sh a v eb e e n ma d et o14 f i rm s ,4 o fw h i c h a r e m i n o r i t yow n e d . And , o fb a s i c im p o r t a n c ei st h es t i p u l a t i o nt h a t m o n i e s a r el o a n e dt of i rm st h a t-- i nd i v e r s i f y i n go re x p a n di n g th e i re x i s t i n gi n d u s t ri a lb a s e -- c a n d e~~~~ate m p s u c c ee d . EDF l o a n sa n di n v e s tm e n t sh i.ng eon t h ep r o d u c t i v i t y , g r ow t h pote n t i a l ,a n dp r o j e c t ed r e t u r non t h einvest m en tf r om t h e ~~ numb e ro fj o b st ob ec r eated b yt h ef i rm . ED F 's e f f o r t sh a v e c r e a t e do rr e t a i n e d 463 j o b si no u rc i t ywh ic h tra n slates in to $9 := z : mi l lion in c o mb i ned per s o n a lincom ef o rwo rke r sa n n u a l l y . Look ing a ti t a n o t h e rw ay , t h el o a n st o t a l$1.1 m i l l i o nw h i l e t h ep r o j e c t s t h e ys u p p o r t ,t o g e t h e rr e p r e s e n tpr o j e c t sw o r t h $ 6 . 4m il l i o nin t h e local e c o n o my . In t h er e v i ewo ft h ep r o p o s a l sc om i n gt ot h eEDF f o rc o n si d e r at i o n , c l o s ec o o r d i n a t i o nt a k e spLa r:e w i t h t h el e v e r a g i n go fc o n c u r r e n t 8 �bank l o a n st om ak e c e r t a i nt h a ta p p l i c a n t sa r eu s i n ga l lc omm u n i t y resou rces a v a i l a b l et ot h em . a~~~~~~~~~ 7 : t..o-. . c . . . . . . . . . . . . . all, as C-t ~ ~-4y -. ~ l L nvestm en t G row th Co r po ration 's bo ard n ~~~e ~~~o t 1 em em b e r s h i p on t h e ~ ~~ o , '- loc a lb a n ko f 6i c i als, I n t e r e s tr a t e son l o a n sd u r i n gt h efi r s ty e a ro f EDF ' so p e r a t i o n r a n g e df rom8 t o10 p e r c e n t . A s you p r o b a b l y know , l a s tM ay t h e C o r p o r a ti o nr e v i s e di t sp o l i cy ;t h eb a s ei n t e r e s tr a t ef o rl o a n si s now linked t ot h ey i e l d s on T r e a s u r yn o t e sa n db o n d s ,w i t h t h e C o r p o r a t i o n ' si n t e r e s trate a t90 p e r c e n to ft h ea p p r o p r i a t e T r e a s u r yn o t eo rb o n d yi e l d . I ti sa l s ou s e f u lt on o t et h a tt h el e v e r a g era t i oo fa n ED f c o n t r i . b t l t i o nt on ew l o c a li n v e s tm e n ti s$1 t o$ 1 1 . 1 . Th e am o u n to f EOF Funds n c . cd ed t oc r c a t eo n ef u 11t im e ,p rim a r yj o bi nB attL e C reek ts ~ T h a ti . s a sm alLi n v e s tm e n t ,i n d e e d ,f o rt h er e t u r nt h a t ac omm u n i t ys e e swh en i t sp e o p l ea r ep u tt ow o r k . 9 W o r k i n g p e o p l ei n ~ �aw o r k i n g c omm u n i t yc a ne x p e c tt oe n j o ygood sc h o o l s , good h ea l t h care facili t i e s ,a n dr e s p o n s i v epubli cs e r v i c e s . T h a to d d s up t oa v i t a l , vi b r a n tp l a c et ol i v ea n dr a i s ef am i l i e s . L e ti t b es a i d t h a tt h ec omm u n i t yt h a ti sv i t a la n dv i b r a n ti st h ecommuni t yi n w h i c h t h e r ei sa partn e r s h i p am ong a l lo ft h em any f a c e t st h a t c om p r i s ei t :b i gc om p a n i e sa n d "Moma n d Pop "s t o r e s ,c h u r c h e sa n d c i v i eg r o u p s ,i n d u s t r ie sa n ds c h o o l s ,p h i l a n t h r o pi e sa n dp u b l i c s e rv ices. e o p l em i g h t t h i n kt h a tf o u n d a t i o n sm ak e t h e i rp r o g r amm i n g Som ep d eci s i o n si ni s o l a t i o n . . . i na s o r to fr a r i f i e da tm o s p h e r e , remot e f r omt h er e a lw o r l d . ~~ I n 'eknow any th a tw o rk ha W e d o n ' t ~ a tK el l o gg Ib e lie v ei t i sc l e a rt om o s t o f you t h a tt h eK e l l o g g Foundat i o nh a sp a r t i c i p a t e df u l l yi nt ~ d e v e lopm e n t e f fo r t s . ,..in~ hometown 10 ~ c o l l a b o r a t i v e appr g ach t o �A n y a t t em p tt ob e t t e rt h eq u a l i t yo f:l i f e--- w h e t h e r i nB a t t l e C ree ko rM ic h i g a no re l s ew h e r e-b e g i n sw i t h t h ecomm itm e n to f - p e o p le a n dt h ec o l l a b o r a t i o no ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n st h e yr e p r e s e n t . c A l l o fu sh ere t o d a ym u s t a s ko u r s e l v es ,w h a tk i n do ff u t u r edo w e w a n t f o rB a t t l eC r e e k ? Wh a t k i n do fj o bo p p o r t u n i t i e s do w e w a n t I - ~ e w a v a i l a b l e 1ft.> o u rc h i l d r e na n dg r u n d e h i l d r e n ? Do w a n t ac omm u n i t y ; \ o fg r ow t ha n dp r o g r e s s ;o fe x c e l l c l l ts c h o o l s ,s e r v i c e s ,r e c r e a t i o n al f a c i l i t i e s ,c i v i ca n dc u l t u r a la c t i v i t i e s ? I nant i ~ a t ion P o } ~~~ o ft h ea n s w e th a ti sf o r em o st i neach o f our m inds, - t h eK e l l o g g F o u n d a t i o nt o d a yi sc o n t i n u i n gi t sp l e d g et ot h e ~ E conomi cD e v e l o pm e n t F u n d . I f= ' \L -'"- mp l ease d toa n n o u n ce a n awa ~ ) ' f j y . . __ J -. i i . t h is t h eamoun o f$ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0t oEDF t ob e used Q m atch o t h e r l o c a lc o n t r i b u t i o n sb yb u s i n e s s ,i n d u s t r y ,~ n d i 11 dual a n d �~~~ t r o n g l yi nB a t t l eC r e e k ' sf u t uL e . I t ' sa b r i g h t W e ~ b e l i e v es • Q ~ ~ ~ f u t u r e .And.y . e v e r yd a y .< : 1t ~n l a ~ n~ , ~~~~~~~ m ake it b r i g h t e r w e h a v ea t r u l yg r a n d Tomo rrowt olook f o r rd t h you rn el p ,a l lt h eh o p e s wi l l be r e a l i z e d . Wi 1 2 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1986-02-19_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Building an Even Better Battle Creek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 19, 1986 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Third Annual Economic Development Fund breakfast for the Battle Creek Investment Growth Corporation. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. k. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-02-19 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ebf532614fb261f0cef92d8741d05d6f.pdf a8208152784a693c9cb5c989d241b438 PDF Text Text Remarks by Russell G. MaMby President, W. K. Kellogg Founda t i on at Presentation Banquet 23rd Natio nal Institute of the Council for the Advancement of Small Colleges Bradley University Peori a, Illinois June 14, 1978 I On b ehalf of the Kello gg Foundation--our Board of Trustees, officer.:;, and staf f - - I run deli ght ed t o r eceive t his Avar-d f or Out s t.anding Serv5.c e t o Small Indep endent Colleges. Its si gnific anc e to us i s enhanced by t he f ac t that, a s a r ecipi ent of this hi gh honor, we join others for whom we have gr e a t r es pect---Dr. Ear l Mc Gr at h and Congr'e s swomen Edith Gre en. Hos t Lmpor t a n t , it me an s much to us bec aus e we 'ha ve such admiration for the Council f or the Advan cement of Srrcall Colle ge s a nd for your memb er institutions. As a grant -- making found ation, vIe f eel privile ged to be a s co c i a't e d vii th--and bope f'u.Lt y have b een helpful to--your purpo ses. I am especially pleased that Dr. George Hanson o f our staff is here for this pres entation. George has been directly responsible for our worl: T,1i t h CASC a nd with s mall independent colleges. As most of you know, Dr. Hanson's care er has b e en closely identifi ed with the small independent colle ge, particular.1y at Olivet College i n Hichi gan. vIi th a pr ofe s s i ona l vie are p erhaps the only f oun datio n st aff membe r of thi s particular background a nd ori ent e.- t i on a nd his persuasive and creative leadership has shaped our program support on b ehalf of sl!lall indep ende nt institutions of hi gher education. �2 Personally I welcome also this oppo r t un i t y of participating, though briefly , in your Nati onal Institute . I have heard much of the value of these Institutes by the colle ge t e ams who participate e a ch y e ar a nd it is a pleasure to sense the enthusiasTI and convi ction whi ch characterizes your activiti es her e this we ek. It' s a welcome opportunity a l s o to meet old frien ds an d to make new a cqua i nt anc e s . And s o I thank y ou for t h i s evening of fell owship, f or a stimulating aft ernoon, and for thi s much a ppreciated award to the Kellogg Foundation. II When Gary Quehl wrote that the Kelloe;[?; Foundation had been s e l ,=c t e d to recei ve t his Award f or Out s tan di ng Se r v i ce t o t he Smal l Colleges and invit ed us to t h is baQqu et pr e sent a t ion , I I n depen de ~ t pr o ~ptly Then Gary c a lled an d adv i s ed me that, f or the banquet this year accept e d . ~he progrm1 committe e ha d deci ded no t t o have a s peaker- - and the r e fo re wonde r e d if I wou Ld say a few vords . With a clear understanding of that level of expectation, I a ijr eed t o s har-e a f ew noti on s about s mall independe nt co lleges - -their rol e today a nd tomorrow. As b ac k ~roun d you need to as a Y~oW univ er ~ity t o put t hese thou ght s into prop er prospectiv e f or you, s omething mor e a bout me. I masquerade through life first pro fesso r a nd now a f oundation executive . I n reality, I am a SUbsis t ence f armer living on 40 acre s jus t south of Hi ckory Co rne r s , ------ with an off-farm job to make ends meet; an ox driv er; a hor s e teamster ; a - :. ~a Il~~it:d ; a C~isti an ; about many t h i ngs , but es peci ally about people . I am a _g Jy_ who cares-no ~ a gr a du a te of a -e:.-- privat e libe r al a rts colle ge, though I wish I were and I have undert ak en �3 s p e c i f i cs teps t oove r c om eth ~t de f i c i e n c y . Thu s ,I m ayb eo fa b a ckg round q u i t ed i f f e r e n tf romyo u r sb u t I amapp rec ia tiveand s u p p o r t i v eo fy o u r i n s t i t u t i on s andt h e i rm i s s i o n . / ~ e s c r i b ey o u ri n s t i t u t i o n sa s sm a l l ,i n d e p e n d e n t ,l i b e r a la r t s You d c o l l e g e s . I nap p r o a c h i n gm y a ssig l lm e n tt h i s ev e n i n g ,I p r opos et olook a te a c ho ft h o s es i g n i f i c a n tc h a r a c t e r i s t i c s" h i c hi ncom b i n a t i o nm ak e y o u rc o l l eG e sd is t i n c t i v e . P o i n t I- L ibe r a la rt s : Th e r e ' sno n e ed f o rm et ode f i n eo rj u st i f y t oY01.I t h eimpo r t an c e and appr-opr -Lat .e nes so fl i b e r a la r t s edu ca t .i o nt .od av and f o rt h ei 'u t u re. Y ou mu s t be ou t s p o k e nadvoca t es o fli b e r a leduc a ti o n -- you ,y o u r boa r do ft r u s t e e s ,y o u rf a c u l t y ,s taff, s t u d e n t s ,p a r e n t s , al u~n i M any o fyo u r in s t i t u t i on sh av ec a r e fu ll yi n c o r p o ra t eda c a r e e rem :9nas is, an o c cupat i ona lo r i en ta t i on i n t ot h el i b e l 'a la r t seduca t i o n . T h i ss e em s des i r a b l e ,b u t do no t pe rve rt you rm iss ion o fl i b e r a t i n gt h em ind s o ft h e s t u d e n t sw i th whomyou ar ep r i v i l eg edt od ea l . Th ec h a l l enge so ft h ef u t u r ew i l lc e r t a i n l yr e q u i r et h ef i n e s ts c i e n c e andtechn o l oEY fo rt h e i rres o l u t i on ; ev enou r G 2S tr a ay be i n ad equ ate o~ t h e comp lex i s s ue swh i ch co n f r on tm anki n d . E u tt h ec r i t i c a ld e c i s ion s wh ichw i l l re a l l ysha re o u rwo r -Ld a tt h et u r no ft h i sc e n t u r yw i l ln o t be b a s e d es s e n t i a l l y upon sup e r bs c i e n tific and t e chnol o gi c a ld evelopm en ts; r a t h e r ,t I1 eyw i l lb e v a l u e l a d e n andv a l u e b a s e d . I ti sa t r a gedy t h a t som any educ a t o r s ,p erhaps e s p e c i a l l yi np u b l i ci n s t i t u t i o n s ,h av ea b d i c a t e dt h ere s no n s i b i l i t i e so f - im p a r t i n g va l u e sa sa p a r to ft h e i redu ca t i o n a lm is s i o n . . Ou r c o l l e a gu e ,G eo rge H a n s o n , sa y st h i sm o re e l o q u e n t l yth an c an I . To quo t eh i m , "I fw ea r et oa t t a i na gr e a t e rp u b l i c unde r s t a n d ingo fan e d u c a t i o nwh ich i n c l u d e st h el i b e r a la r t s ,t h est u d e n t si ny o u rc o l l e ge s �4 mus tknowand f e e l wh a tit i s , anda c c e p tco n f r on ta t i ons o fva l u e s an d t h e i re x am i n a t i on . Int h a tr e ga r d , I wou ld hopethe v a l u es o fea c h co l l e g e a r es ow e l l ex am in edandpU b lic ly s t a ted an ds ow e ll ex e m p lified i nev e r y a s pe c to f cam pu s li f e ,t h a ti nac t u a l li v i ng , con f ron t a t i o n s ar era r e . (A s ano l df a rm b o y ,I ' dp a r a p h r a s et h a t, ' p r a ctice wh a t you pr e a c h !' ) Conf r o n t a t i o n so foppo s i n gi d e a s ,y es ;c o n f r o n t a t i o n so ft h e m ag a i n s tus , n eve rw e hop e . N owh e reinthe wo rldisthe r e mor ev i ta l , mo r e favo r a b le env iro nm en t fo rt h e grow thand d ev el o p me n to fAm eric a n you t hthaninth e r e s i d e n tia ll i be r a lar t sc o l lege s. Ev ent h epU b l i c un iv e rs i t i e s cop yt h e m a s be s tth ey can . I ti sup t oyouto per f e ct t h a ten v iro l l i n en ti nt e r m s o f t h es t u d e n t s you a t t r ac t and dem ons tra t et oth emt h eli v ingim p o r t a n c eo f t h el i b e r a la r ts . " ) Po int 2- I n d ependen t : The f ' r eedomto exp eri .m e r r t ,t oinnova te ,t o r e s pon d , toi n d i v i dua l i z e . W i th s u ch ind ep en den c e and re ~o goe s respo nsi - b i l i t y ,y e s--t oa ll sor t so fa u t h o r i t y gr o ups: boar d so ft r u s tee s ,fa c u l t y , s t uden ts ,alumn i,donors, a f fi l i a t ed chu r c h e s,the cO i l l I n uni t i e so fwh ich you a re a pa r t,the p u b l i ca t la r g eb e cau se o ft h espe c i a ls ta tu s accor d ed you ri n s t i t u t ion sint a x and othe~ m a tte rs. a t i o na li n s t i t u t i on s and syste r . s in o u r co u n tr y pe r h aps h i ehe r Educ edu ca t i o ni np ar ti c u l a r-a r eintroubl e . M any o ft h ed iff i c u l t i e sandm uch 8 o ft h epub l i cd i s e nch an tm en t is a con sequenc eo f edu c a tion 's s e l f c r ea t ed ~ailures and s hort c o ~n s desp i te f a u l tsand c ri t ic i sm s, educa tioni s s t i l lt h ew ay t oa be t t e rl i f e ,bot hfo rt h eind iv i dua l and fo ro u rt o t a l so c i e t y . T h i si sas t r u et o d a yas ev er andw i l l cer t a i n ly b ~ t r u ei nt h e y ea r s ah e a d . Th e ne x ttw o de cad e s ,wh ich le adu si n tot h e 21s tcen t u r y , �5 w i l lb ee x c i t i n gi f edu ca t i o n a ll e a d e r sh av et h ev i s i o nand c o u r a g et od o t h o s et h i n g swh i ch mu s t b e don e . A s ind ep end en ti n s t i t u t i o n s ,f r e eo ft h es t i f l i n gc o n s t r a i n t so f b u r e a u c r a c y , you h av ep a r t i c u l a rp o t e n t i a lt op r o v i d el e a d e r s h i pi nt h e f u t u r ea si nt h ep as t. P u b l i ci n s t i t u t i o n sw i l l fo l l ow ,w i l l emu l a t e ,w i l l b et h eb e n e f i c i a r i e so fy o u r ex amp l e and c r e a t i v ee f f o r t s . P o i n t 3- Sm a l l : Sm a l li nco n t r a s tt ol a r g e , conv ey inga n o t i on o f p e r s o n a l and i n d i v i d u a lconc e rnf o re a c h st udent ~ c our s e ~It s no ta u t omat i c ,o f t h a tt h es tuden ti nt h esm a l lc o l l e g e 'w i l l re c e i v emo re i n d i v i d u a l a t t e n t i o n ,have a mo re c a r i n gr e l a t i on s h i pw i t hf a c u l t yand fe l l ows tuden ts th a .ni na la~ e i n s t i t u t i o n . Sm a l lm ay b es imp lypr o v i n c i a l ,and i ti sas ; : : : : : . ~ p o s s i b l ef o ran i n d i v i d u a lt obe l o n e l yi na sm a . l lc r owd a si na m o b . I f you a r et ore f l e c ti nedu ca t i o na c a r i n ga t t i t u d ef o re a~h i n d i v i d u a ls t u d en t , you m u s t w o r kh a r da tit !C a r i ng m u st b er e f l e c t e di nev e r ya s p e c to fthe i n s t i t u t i o n 's l i fe I e t t e r syou sendandth ew ay t h e phone i san sw er e d;the r e c ep t i o n i s t ,s e c r e t a r y ,re c r u i t e r ,a d v i s e r ,a dm i s s i o n sd i r e c t o r ;t h eco l lege c a t al o g andthe des c r i p t i v eb r och u r e s ;t h ec l a s s r o om ,t h ed o rm i t o r y ,t h e Wh i l e m a ny o f you ce r ta i n l ydo w e l li nd eve l o p i n g a ca r i n gr e l a t i o ns h i p w i t hi n d i v i d u a ls t uden ts, m a ny do l e s sw e l l . A s you m ay h av es u sp e c t e d , I am aw ande r e r . . 1 hav ev i s i t e dm any o fy o u rc ampu se s ,u s u a l l yunknown t oyou . B ecau s eI ama i l in ir e r anda dev o tee o ft h esm a l li n depend en tc o l l eg e ,i t d is appo i n t sm etot a l kw i t h one o fy o u rg r a d u a t e s who obs e r v e ss a d l y ,"A f t e rf o u r yea r she r e ,I t h i n kt h e r e 's o n l yon ep r o f es s o rwhorea l l y know sm e . A t l e a s t t h e r e 's on ly one t owh omI wou ld tu rnand i nwh omI wo u l dh av ef u l lconf i d e n ce . " And i twa s dep ress i n gto he a rt h es t o r yo fano the r yO lmg l a d ywh oh ad wo rked ou t ac a r e f u lp r og r am o fst u d y ' ,s p e n d i n g he rj u n i o ry e a r aw ay f r omone o f you r �6 c ampu s e sa ta p u b l i cu n i v e r s i t yt ot a k ec e r t a i nc o u r s e st h e r ea sa p a r to f h e rt o t a lp rog r am o fs t u d yd e s i g n e dw i t hh e rf a c u l t ya d v i s e r . \ {h ensh e r e t u r n e dt oh e rc o l l e g ef o rh e rs e n i o ry e a r , sh e" a sa d v i s e dt h a tsh e c o u l d n ' tg r a d u a t ew i t hh e rc l a s sb e c a u s e sh ewou ld h av eo n l y2 6c r e d i t s i nh e rs e n i o ry e a rw h i l et h ec o l l e g er e q u i r e dt h el a s t30 c r e d i t si n r e s i d e n c e . Wh en t h i sw a s f i n a l l yre s o l v e da f t e ra s p e c i a lp l e at othe f a c u l t ycorr~ittee sh ew a s t h e na d v i s e dt h a tsh ec o u l dn o tb ec o n s i d e r e d f o rg r a d u a t i o nw i t hh o n o r s . Th ei n s t i t u t i o nwou ld t r a n s f e rh e rc r e d i t s f r o mt h es t a t eu n i v e r s i t y ,b u tn o th e rg rades. H e rg o a lh ad t e e nt og raduat e w i t hh o n o r s . I n c l u d i n ghe rt r a n s f e rc r e d i t sandg r a d e s , sh ewou ld h ave g r a d u a t e dw i t h hon o r . W it h o u tt h et r a n s f e rg r a d e s ,h e rg rad e po in t av e r a g e f e l l. 08sho r to ft h ehono r sl e v e land a c c o r d i n g l ysh em i s s e dh e r hard g o a lo fb e i n g anhono r sG radua te o fh e r aL m a ma t e r . You c anw e l l i ~a so~ ht ine t h eagony anddiSC i IJpo in t rn e n tt h i scau sed t oh e r andh e rf am i l yand c t .he r s who c a r e d . P e r s o n a l ? In d i v i d u a l i z e ds t u dy p r og r a m s ? C a r ing ? Ch r is t i a n ? Y e s , b u to n l y if s e n s i t i v eand ca r i n gfa c u l t yanda dm i n i s t r a t o r sm ake i ts o . I n sum , sm a l li sbe a u t i f u l0 ( if i ti ssyno mou s w i t h CARE e v e r yd ay i n ~t . r ? / ; I I I A st ot h ef u t u r eo fsm a l l ind ep end e n tc o l l e ge s ,i t ' s a sb r i g h ta . s you m ak e i t .Y eu , i n d i v i d u a l l yand c o l l e c t i v e l y ,t h el e a d e r so ft h e s ei n st i t u t i o n s · t h eon e s who w i l l se tt h et o n e ,c h a r tt h eCOUT s e . Som eo b s e r v e r so fh i g h e re d u c a t i o nwou ld a r g u et h a ti n s t i t u t i o n sl i k e y o u r sa r edoom ed . T h a t ' s non s en s e ! I m a r v e la tt h ed e d i c a t i o no ft h o s ew h o s t a r t edy o u ri n s t i t u t i o n s ,som e ac e n t u r yandmo r e a g o . C 8 r t a i n l yt h e �7 d i f f i c u l t i e s en co u n t e redt h e n ,t h er e l a t i v es a c r i f i c ene c e s s a r yto m a r s ha l t h er e s o u r ce s to s t a r t an ewin s t i t u t i on o fh igh e re d u c a t i on w e r efa r g r e a t e rt h e nt h a nnow . Ou ra f f l u e n ts o c i e t yc an a f f o r dt h eoppo r tuB ities wh i ch sm a l li n d epend e n tco ll e g e s re p r e s e n t . Ou r s o c i e t yw i l l supp o rt ~he i f you rm i s s i o ni sc l e a r ,r e p r e s e n t i n ga d i s t i n c t i v eand a t t r a c t i v e al t e rn a ti v e. ei sov e rwh e lm ing t h a ts t u d e n t s a n dtho se wh op ay t h eb i l l s Th e ev idenc w an t wh a t yo u ri n s t i t u t i o n shav et oo f f e ri f y o u rc o l l e ge sa r et r u l yt h e b e s to fwha tt h ey c anb e . I t ' ss im p l ya que s t i on o fwh a t you do and how you do i t . ~ A sa Founda t i o n ,w ea r en o t conce r n ed a ta ll w i th sm a ll in d en e nde~t / c o l l e e ; e s r a t h e : rw ea r ec o n c e r n e d ,a s you s h o u l db e , no tw i t '1 Ln sti t . u t .Lona . I p r e se r va t i on , but w i t ht h es t u d e n t s whoe lec t to a ttend and w ho ar et h e r e f 0 r e t h e ben ef i ci a r i e so ftheedu cat i o nyou p r o v i d e and t h e s er vl ~e s you O I I2 r. r to ft h ep riva te s e c t o ri nou rs o c i et ycommitt e d to priv a t .o A s a pa I i n i t i a t i ve f o rt h e pub lic good )w e be l i e v et h a tgov e rnm en t ,a ta11 Lev eLs -o l o c a l ,s t a t e ,f ed e r a l d o e sno th av ea l lt h ean sw e r s . H e bel i ev ei na t i n u a tion o f AL leri c a ' sp l u r a l i s t i capp r oa ch s e r v i n g hum an need s ,p rovi d ing con f r e ed o r ni ns e l e c t i n g am ong al t e rn a tiv e s av a il a bl et othei n d i v i dua l . \ You r i n s t i t u t i o n sr e p r e s e n ta s u p e r ba lte rna tive fo rt h o u s and so f a r n e r s . F le e wi s h you w e l li ny o u r co n t i n u i n g do s o . �~~ ~ :t - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f t : . - ~ a ~ -- b . . - .:..... d ~ ~r~~ C ~ ~ + - e ~ ~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1983-02-02_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the Christian College Coalition Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 2, 1983 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Christian College Coalition in Washington, D. C. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-02-02 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1d1f4bd8d343832db7cccb58fc20fdd5.pdf 4ee63604d01b5325fa775407cce4aea9 PDF Text Text COUllcil of VMicltigGII WOUlldGtio'lS 18 NORTH F IFTH <;TRFET GRAND HAVf:N, MICH IGAN 40417 PHONE 6 16/8427080 Se ss i on: Br i dgi n g t h e Ga p Betwe e n P r i v a te and Pub l i c 8 :0 0 - 9: 4 5 P . M. Lo v ett Hall Henry Ford Mu s e um DINNER Presiding: William S . Whi te* Inv o c a t i o n : Evely n Ma c h t e l * We l c ome : F r a nk Cad dy * In troduc t i on: Rus s ell G. Ma wb y* Spe aker: N O~ill&~ C0~si ns * j 8 :00 - Wi l l i am S . Whi t e e xten d brief gre e t i n g s and req uest guests t o r e mai n seat ed d u ri ng inv o c a t i o n t o be g iven b y Evelyn Ma c h t e l . Pleas e n ote J i m Kettler had t o c a ncel be cause o f illness . 8 : 0 3 - In v o cation - Ev e l y n Ma c h t e l , Vice President , J ack Wo l fram Founda tio n , Lan s ing 8 :06 - DI~~ER SERVED 9:00 - Will i am S . Whi te e xpre ss ap p r e c i a t i o n t o Edis on In s t i t ute (He nry Ford Mu se um and Gr e e n f i e l d Vi l l a g e) f or h o s p i tal i t y tour jand r ec e ption . 9 :01 - Welc ome - Frank Ca d y, Pre s ident , Henry Fo rd Muse um 9:04 - Wi l l iam S . \~ it e i n troduc e Rus sell G. Mawby , P r e s i den t, W.K . Ke llo g g Fo un da tion 9 :05 - I ntroduction o f Speak er - Russell G. Mawby 9 : 10 - BRIDGIN G THE GAP BETWEEN PR IVATE AND PUBLIC - Norman Co us i n s 9: 40 - Will iam S . Whi te exp ress appreciation t o Mr. Cous i n s Announce - - Bu s e s wi l l depart f rom the entr a nce o f Lovett Ha l l the return trip to De a rbo rn Inn . Mo rn i n g Session - Br e akfa s t 8 :00 A . M. Progr am Be g i ns - 8:30 A . M. *P l e a s e s i t at rese rved t ables b y place card for �~ \~ ~ I ti si n d e e danhono r and a p l e a s u r et oi n t r o d u c et h i se v e n i n gNo rm an a - ' ? / ' s . sp ann ing35 y e a r sa se d i t o ro ft h eS a t u r d a yR ev i ew m ag a z i n e ,a sa u t h o r ~ ~ c u r r e n t l y ~ ~~~~ Illness ~n fA n ~n~ ~t~ ~o ~ ~~~~~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ t h eS choo lo fM ed i c in e o ft h eU n i v e r s i t yo f ~~~ C a l i f o r n i a , Lo sA n g e l e s . M r . Cou s in s ' a l s ow e t h ewo r ld o fp h i l a n t h r o p y ,s e r v i n gon t h eBo a rd) o f1 r t t e e ee s~ t h eM enn ing e r F o u n d a t i o ni n T r se o f th eC h a r l e sF .K e t t e r i n gF o u n d a t i o n in t e~ e e~ D~n K an s a s ; a5a Oh io ; and M i c h i g a n ' s ownRu th Mo t t Fund i nF l i n t . N o rm a n Cou s in sh o l d sh o n o r a r yd e g r e e si nl i t e r a t u r e ,s c i e n c e ,and l awf rom 3 8c o l l e g e sand u n i v e r s i t i e s and i sa m emb e ro ft h eI n t e r n a t i o n a lComm i s s ion o ft h eN a t i o n a lA c ad emy o fS c i e n c e s . H ei st h er e c i p i e n to ft h eU n i t e d N a t i o n sP e a c eM ed a l and t h eAm e r i c an P e a c e Aw a rd . H eh a sc a r r i e do u t d i p l om a t i cm i s s i o n s a b r o a da sp e r s o n a l em i s s a r yf o rP r e s i d e n t sE i s enhow e r , K enn edy , and J o h n s o n . M r . Cou s in sa l s oh a sp r o v i d e do f t e nu n h e r a l d e dl e a d e r s h i pf o ra v a r i e t yo f h um a n i t a r i a np r o j e c t s , \~ l f romc a r eand e d u c a t i o nf o rc h i l d r e no rph an ed ~~ b yt h eb om b i n go fH i ro sh im a ~etl t o fP o l i s hc itizens lli nl ~ by t e r s ,t oa wo r ldw id ee f f o r tt oa i ds t a r v i n gc h i l d r e n i nB i a f r a . W i th su chan im p r e s s i v er e c o r do fa ch i ev em en t and invo lv em en ti nt h e ~ . . m a J o r SOC l a1con c en s an ..... C ie e en~ ~ ~~ C o u s i n s , an i n d i v i d u a lo ft r u l yi n t e r n a t i o n a ls e r v i c eand o f1 4b o o k s i n c l u d i n gt h en ew ly p u b l i s h e d ~ ds 0f o . e w . . · . u rt lm ,No r m a n COUS ln s ha sm an ag ed BQ t om a i n t a i nr em a r k a b l eop t im i sm a b o u t ou r wo r ld and a b o u tt h epow e r s o ft h eh um an s p i r i t ,and t h ehum an m ind , t od e a lw i t hs e em i n g l yov e rwh e lm ing p r o b l em s . Su ch op t im i smw a s e v i d e n tl a s tJ u l ywh en M r . Cou s in sg av e �2 t h eW . K .K e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o n ' s5 0 t hA n n i v e r s a r yL e c t u r ea tt h ea n n u a l m e e t i n g i nN ew O r l e a n so ft h eC o u n c i lf o rA d v a n c em e n t a n dS u p p o r to f E d u c a t i o n . H e s a i d ,a n dI~ te "C i v i l i z a t i o ng e t si t sb a s i ce n e r g y n o tf r omi t st u r b i n e sb u tf r omi t sh o p e s . I ti sn o tt r u et h a to u r p r o b l em sa r ew i t h o u t a n sw e r s ,w h e t h e rw i t hr e s p e c tt ot h ep r o b l em so f e n e r g y ,o rw a r , o rp e a c e ,o rt h ea rm sr a c e ,o rt h ep r o b l em so fd e p l e t i o n o f r e s o u r c e su r food . ~ e ar eb o r nt osol v e pr o b lem s . W c m ov e in the d i r e c t i o no fo u re x p e c t a t i o n s . " L adi e s ~e~ t~e e n p r e s e n to u r sp ea k er , i t g i v e sm e g r e a tp l e a s u r e ,a n de x p e c t a t i o n ,t o ~ ~ ~~~ s � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1980-02-21_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Bridging the Gap Between Private and Public Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 21, 1980 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation to introduce Norman Cousins to the Council of Michigan Foundations. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-02-21 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/35e7b81b0f9fb08ea424935999dff175.pdf 4bcc14619bd894dbce7b893948416923 PDF Text Text Arts and Schools in Michigan Program Press Conference February 24, 1983 Remarks by: Dr. Russell G. Mawby Chairman and Chief Executive Officer W. K. Kellogg Foundation Battle Creek, Michigan I am delighted to be here this morning and want to thank +-~ V(~ Dr. Cummings~for ~ iS Aa~v ~y agr e Qi ng to hos i \this press conference. This appropriate site to announce a major arts'program, considering the ~1f~ InstituteSo ~~~s' stature as a center of artistic excellence, and art education for young people. The W. K. Kellogg Foundation, in its own right, has a 53-year history of support for educ ation of young people. Our founder, breakfast cereal pioneer W. K. Kellogg, dedicated his personal fortune to the foundation which bears his name. he comment ed: "Education offers the g r ea t e s t opportunity for really i mp r ov i n g one generation over a n o t h e r . " ~.-re..~~~ -be~ th at ti' e In doing so, an~ her e today. It is w~ that �~ g4'vir rgy o d e t a i l sa ~ I na an ew $ 1 . 5m i l l i o n , s t a t ew i d eg r a n t sp r o g r am i nt h ea r t s . I ti sa p r o g r am who s e p r im a r yp u r p o s ew i l lb et om ak e a v a i l a b l ef u n d s t oe n c o u r a g eM i c h i g a n ' s t o p10 t o15 a r t so r g a n i z a t i o n sw i t h s t a t eo rn a t i o n a ls t a t u r e-s u c ha st h eD e t r o i t I n s t i t u t eo f A r t s , C r a n b r o o k , I n t e r l o c h e n ,D e t r o i t Symphony O r c h e s t r aa n d o t h e r sa c r o s st h es t a t e-t ob o t hc o n t i n u ea n de x p a n dt h e i r p r o g r am sf o rs c h o o la g ea u d i e n c e s . T h e s ep r o g r am sw i l l ~y r e a c ht h o u s a n d so fM i c h i g a n c h i l d r e no v e rt h en e x tt h r e et o f o u ry e a r sw i t hm u s i c a l a n da r tp e r f o rm a n c e s ,s t u d e n tw o r k s h o p s w i t ha r t i s t s ,s p e c i a lc l a s s e s ,a n ds t u d e n tv i s i t st og a l l e r i e s a n d mu s eum s . Th eK e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o ni saw a r eo ft h eo v e r a r c h i n g. financ ia l c o n st r a i n t sa n dp r o b l em sf a c i n gM i c h i g a n" 'La ' ' iS ~ S~~~~ y e ~. Ou r F o u n d a t i o n ,i na m a j o r w ay , i sa d d r e s s i n gi t s ~ f u n d i n gr e s o u r c e st o~ p r o b l em so fo u rs t a t ea n di t s p e o p l e . Iw o u l d b eh a p p yt oa n sw e ry o u rq u e s t i o n sl a t e ra b o u t 2 �som eo f our o t h e rM i c h i g a n p r o g r am s . A ~ w e ~ real i ge t h at U~n e o fo u rs t a t e ' sp r o b l em si st h ef i n a n c i a ld i l emm af a c i n gt h e e : a r t s . B u tt h eK e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o n ' s ch ief c o n c e r nl ne s t a b l i s h i n gt h i s statew ide g r a n t sp r o g r am i sn o tt h ep l i g h to fa r t so r g a n i z a t i o n s ; s ym p a t h e t i ca sw e a r et ot h e i rp r o b l em s . Th eK e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o n ' s ~ a~ r e a s o nf o re a rm a r k i n g$ 1 . 5m i l l i o n f o rt h i sp r o g r am' i s t h en e e d so fy o u n gp e o p l e . P e r h a p s n o v e l i s tH e n r yM i l l e r ' s s a r d o n i ccomm en tb e s tr e f l e c t st h e . p r o g r am ' sp u r p o s e : "A r tt e a c h e sn o t h i n g , "M i l l e r o b s e r v e d , " e x c e p tt h esi g n i f i c a n c eo fl i f e . " W e b e l i e v et h a tt ob et r u e . W e b e l i e v et h a tt h ea r t sp r o v i d e --. . . y o u n g pe o p l ew i t hg l im p s e s of p a t h sf o rt h e i rown f u t u r e sa n d a insights i n t ot h ec r e a t i v e im p u l s e st h a tu n i t ea l lp e r s o ns reg a r d l ess of a g e, se x , ra ~ e ~ ree ~ or= co lvr. A nd w e be l i e v e t h a tt h e fu ture o ft h ea r t sinM i chig a n re sts w i t h the sta te's 3 �young people. For without their understanding, involvement, and appreciation, there is no future for the arts. Unfortunately, young people here in Detroit and throughout Michigan have fewer and fewer opportunities to learn about or experience the arts. School districts today -- as Dr. Jefferson will discuss In a minute -- do not have the mon ey in some areas to pay a r t teachers, to support art instruction, or to subsidize art related field experi ences for th eir students. Th e student o u t r e a c h efforts b y Mich igan' s premi ere art organizations to be funded under this program will not, however, be of a temporary o r stopgap n ature based on short-term economic considerations. Rather, we hop e th ese gr ants will help support effor t s by these organizations which will be part of an ongoing c ommit men t to e x p a n d e d art e d u c a t i o n of young audiences. 4 �O u t r e a c he f f o r t sf u n d e db yt h eK e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o nw i l l a l s on o t ~e a e s c h o o lf u n c t i o n so rc l a s s e si nm u s i c , a r t ,d a n c eo r d r am a . R a t h e r ,w e h o p et h e yw i l lh e l ps u p p l em e n ta n dc om p l em e n t s c h o o la n df am i l ya r t se d u c a t i o na ta t im eo fp a r t i c u l a rn e e d . We a r ee x c i t e da b o u tt h i sp r o g r am a n di t sp o t e n t i a l . Th e K e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o nh a si t sr o o t sa n di t sh i s t o r yI nM i c h i g a n . ~ B u to u rF o u n d a t i o na n dt h i sg r a n t sp r o g r am ~ n o tf o c u s e do n 1 -~tA ! nt h ef u t u r eo f ou~ s t a t ea n di t sp e o p l e . t h ep a s t "~ o / 2/ 2 3 / 8 3 r gm l ,m 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1983-02-24_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the Arts and Schools in Michigan Program Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 24, 1983 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the press conference for the arts and schools in Michigan program. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-02-24 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/506edce819cf1802220f77f73fd11d65.pdf a1ee6f6210f75e2776c282e3dffddb2f PDF Text Text (I BOLDNESS FOR OUR TIME REMARKS BY RUSSELL G. MAWBY, CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER W. K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION AT THE HORACE MANN LEAGUE LUNCHEON SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA FEBRUARY 24, 1990 I . IT IS AN HONOR INDEED TO BE WITH YOU TODAY TO PRESENT THE HORACE MANN LECTURE FOR 1990. CONTRIBUTIONS EACH OF YOU IS HERE BECAUSE OF YOUR ACH I EVEMENTS AND IN YOUR PROFESSION OF EDUCATION. THUS, I REGARD IT A PRIVILEGE TO SHARE THIS BRIEF TIME WITH YOU BECAUSE EACH OF YOU, IN YOUR �2 RESPECTIVE COMMUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONS, IS IN A POSITION TO INFLUENCE, TO SHAPE, TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE EDUCATION OF FUTURE GENERATIONS. I A~UL TO JACK MAWDSLEY FOR HIS AUDACITY IN INVITING ME TO SPEAK. ~ LA..7'I-''' I AM NOT A PROFESSIONAL EDUCATOR. MICHIGAN, TOWN, IN I GREW UP ON A FRUIT FARM IN WESTERN WENT TO A TWO-ROOM COUNTRY SCHOOL AND THEN TO HIGH SCHOOL AND WAS THE FIRST IN MY FAMILY TO GO TO COLLEGE, EARNING A DEGREE HORT I CULTURE. MEMBER, A TAX I AM A PARENT AND GRANDPARENT, A FORMER SCHOOL BOARD PAYER, THE CEO OF A FOUNDATION EDUCATION, A CITIZEN CONCERNED WITH TOMORROW. EDUCATION, CR ITIC, I AM AT ONCE AN ADVOCATE. TO ENCOURAGE--IN A BENEFICIARY, DEEPLY INVOLVED A PARTICIPANT, A SUPPLICANT, FACT EXHORT--YOU TO BE MORE AGGRESSIVE, MORE MORE VENTURESOME FOR AS EDUCATORS, YOU DO SHAPE TOMORROW. IN WITH REFERENCE TO PUBLIC My SOLE REASON FOR ACCEPTING JACK'S INVITATION YET PRAGMATIC, MORE VISIBLE, ROLE. IN A IS VISIONARY IN PURSUING YOUR PRICELESS �3 II EDUCAT ION IN THE UN ITED STATES HAS A VERY R ICH AND SUCCESSFUL H ISTORY, /( UNT IL REC NTLY THE ENVY AND THE MODEL FOR THE WORLD , OUR EDUCAT IONAL SYSTEM HAS PROV IDED KNOWLEDGE AND SK ILLS FOR THE MASSES WH ILE ENCOURAG ING THE IND IV IDUAL CREAT IV ITY THAT HAS ENABLED TH IS COUNTRY TO PRODUCE MORE NOBEL PR IZE W INNERS THAN ANY OTHER NAT ION IN THE WORLD , THE F IRST PUBL IC EDUCAT ION IN IT IAT IVE THAT HAD A NAT ION W IDE IMPACT WAS THE NORTHWEST ORD INANCE OF 1 7 87 , WH ICK · DED ICATED LAND IN EACH COUNTY OF THE UPPER M IDWEST STATES FOR SUPPORT OF EDUCAT ION TH IS COMM ITMENT PROV IDED THE OPPORTUN ITY FOR EVERY CH ILD IN THEN -RURAL AMER ICA TO EXPER IENCE AN EDUCAT ION , IN IT IALLY AT LEAST THROUGH WHAT WE NOW CALL THE " , "" ELEMENTARY PHASE .~ L ONE -ROOM COUNTRY SCHOOLS QU ICKLY BECAME A TRAD IT ION THROUGHOUT THE COUN TRY S ID E , IT WAS NOT UNT IL NEARLY 50 YEARS LATER THAT THE MODEL FOR THE STR UCTU R E AND CONTROL OF OUR ED UCA T ION SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED . �4 IN 1837 , HORACE MANN , WH ILE SERV ING AS PRES IDENT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS STATE SENATE , WAS CH IEFLY RESPONS IBLE FOR THE ENACTMENT OF THE B ILL CREAT ING THE STATE BOARD OF UA ~ PR IOR TO THE CREAT ION OF TH IS STATE BOARD , THERE HAD BEEN TWO OPPOS ING FACT IONS SEEK ING TO CHANGE THE I DEF IC IENT PUBL IC SCHOOLS OF MASSACHUSETTS . ONE FACT ION SUPPORTED THE ESTABL ISHMENT OF ACADEM IES ; THE OTHER! THE REFORMAT ION OF EDUCAT ION BY ESTABL ISH ING A CENTRAL AUTHOR ITY . LEAD THE CHARGE V IGOROUSLY FOR ~A I THE REFORMERS AM IDST THE ATTACK OF THOSE WHO OPPOSED THE CREAT ION OF THE STATE SYSTEM . ONCE THE MASSACHUSETTS STATE BOARD IDF EDUCAT ION WAS ESTABL ISHED , HORACE MANN WAS SELECTED AS ITS F IRS SECRETARY . MANN ACCEPTED RESPONS IB IL ITY AT CONS IDERABLE F I1ANC IAL SACR IF ICE AND W ITH AUTHOR ITY . THIS L ITTLE THE BOARD COULD NE ITHE\ FORM NOR ADM IN ISTER SCHOOLS ; ITS FUNCT ION WAS TO COLLECT AND D ISSEM IN TE INFORMAT ION . W ITH TH IS L IM ITED MANDATE , THE SUCCESS OF THE STA TEBOA D WA S D IRECTLY ATTR IBUTABLE TOTHE PERSONALI TY AND PERSUASI VENESS OF ITS ARMED W ITH ONLY THE �5 POWER OF H IS INTELLECT AND H IS SALESMANSH IP , HORACE MANN ESTABL ISHED THE CONCEPT OF PUBL IC INST ITUTES , AND MEET INGS THE FOR PUBL ICAT ION EDUCAT ION , OF COUNTY "THE COMMON INFLUENCE THE EDUCATIONAL PUBL IC IN MASSACHUSETTS . ANNUAL REPORTS ON THE EDUCAT IONAL COND IT IONS A ~ ELSEWHERE , WH ICH OCCUpy A EDUCAT ION . H IS SEVENTH REPORT , PR INTED IN / / : TEACHER SENSE TRA IN ING JOURNAL " TO HE ALSO AUTHORED IN MASSACHUSETTS 12 AND IN THE H ISTORY OF 1 8 4 3 AFTER AF IVE -MONTH STUDY , / TOUR IN EUROPE , DREW ATTACK/F "ROM SCHOOLMASTERS IN BOSTON . PRA ISED EUROPEAN / ~ THE REPORT AND THE IR METHODS OF INSTRUCT ION , PART ICULARLY THE USE OF THE "WORD METHOD " IN TEACH ING READ ING AND THE ABOL IT ION OF CORPORAL PUN ISHMENT IN GERMANY . THESE NEW IDEAS SEEMED R ID ICULOUS TO MOST MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOLMASTERS AND CONTROVERSY OVER MANN 'S LEADERSHIP ENSUED . HORACE MANN BOLDLY STOOD H IS GROUND IN SUPPORT OF H IS FUTUR IST IC ~~ HORACE MANN WAS DED ICAT ION TO THE A V IS IONARY ~ EDUCATIONAL LEADER IN IME . H IS T H IS OF EDUCAT ION WAS A ST IMULUS TO PROGRESS IN �6 THE MASSACHUSETTS EDUCAT ION SYSTEM , MAK ING IT THE PROTOTYPE FOR ALL THE STATES . MANN 'S IMPACT ON EDUCAT ION MADE H IS ERA ARGUABLY A MOST INFLUENT IALPER IOD INAMER ICA 'S EDUCAT ION H ISTORY . THE YEARS S INCE THEN ARE P IONEERS , V IS IONAR IES . REPLETE W ITH OTHER EDUCAT IONAL INNOVATORS , WH ILE FEW HAVE HAD THE PERVAS IVE IMPACT OF THE AUTHORS OF THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE TWO CENTURIES AGO AND HORACE MANN A - T IME . I I I THE 1980S IN AMERICA WERE CHARACTERIZED BY A STEADY STREAM OF REFORMS , A IMED AT RA IS ING AMER ICA 'S LEVEL OF ACH IEVEMENT IN F IELDS AS D IVERSE AS EDUCAT ION AND PRODUCT MANUFACTUR ING . YET IN TH IS DECADE IMPRESS IVE PROGRESS ON MANY FRONTS , AMER ICA IS PLAGUED BY THE THAT TOO MANY OF ~ YOUNG ARE FA IL ING TO MATURE MARKED ~ AL BY A INTO RESPONS IBLE , �7 COMPETENT , AND CONTR IBUT ING YOUNG ADULTS . IN SEEK ING AT LEAST A PART IAL EXPLANAT ION , ITBECOMES APPARENT THAT THREE OF THE BAS IC INST ITUT IONS OF SOC IETY FOR SOC IAL IZ ING ITS NEXT GENERAT ION -THE FAM ILY , THE SCHOOL , AND THE LOCAL COMMUN ITY --ARE FALL ING SHORT OF FULF ILL ING THE IR H ISTOR IC ROLES . IN NO F IELD HAS REFORM BEEN MORE STR IDENTLY RECOMMENDED AND MORE AMB IT IOUSLY IMPLEMENTED THAN IN PRECOLLEG IATE EDUCAT ION . NEARLY A DOZEN MAJOR REPORTS HAVE IND ICTED THE SCHOOL SYSTEMS OF OUR NAT ION FOR THE IR OUTDATED TEACH ING METHODS , L L ~ AND POOR RECORD OF SUCCESS . YET THE VAR IOUS PRESCR IPT IONS ADVANCED BY THE REFORMERS -BE THEY HNEW K IND OF TEACHERH APPROACHES , MANDATED CURR ICULA , OR IMPROVED ORGAN IZAT IONAL MODELS , HAVE NOT , IN MOST CASES , BROUGHT ABOUT SUBSTANT IAL IMPROVEMENT . THERE IS NO NEED FOR ME TO REGALE YOU W ITH THE STA T IST ICS AND OTHER EVIDENCE WH I CH BUI LD THE CASE . YOu ARE WE LL AWARE OF THE STATUS INYOUR �8 DISTRICT, YOUR DISTURBING AND STATE, OUR NATION. INDEED DEPLORABLE, BUT WHILE THERE THERE IS MUCH IS STILL MUCH THAT IN OUR IS PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THIS COUNTRY ABOUT WHICH WE CAN BE VERY PROUD. NO OTHER SOCIETY HAS MADE A LONGER, BROADER, MORE PERVASIVE COMMITMENT TO PROVIDE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR ITS YOUNG, WITH A SECOND -- AND A THIRD -- CHANCE FOR ALL. AND WHILE WE CONTINUE TO STRUGGLE WITH THE STANDARDS OF SERVING BETTER THE NEEDS OF EACH INDIVIDUAL, AND WE DESPAIR WHEN ANY INDIVIDUAL IS NOT WELL-SERVED OR FAILS TO ACHIEVE HIS OR HER POTENTIAL, OUR SCHOOLS DO A REMARKABLY GOOD JOB WITH MOST YOUNG PEOPLE. AND DESP ITE ALL THE CR ITIC ISM AND DESPAI R' CWCj) TRUTHS REMAI N. FIRST, - EDUCATION IS STILL THE WAY BY WHICH A SOCIETY PROGRESSES. AND SECOND, EDUCATION INDIVIDUAL. IS STILL THE WAY TO A BETTER LIFE FOR THE EDUCATION BROADLY DEFINED AND NOT LIMITED TO COURSES, CREDITS, AND CREDENTIALS; BUT EDUCATION -- TEACHING, LEARNING, IN THE BROADEST CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, I N SCHOOL AND OUT, FROM EAR LY CH I LDHOOD THROUGHOUT LIFE. �9 I N TURN I NG NOW TO THE FUTURE, THE DRAMAT ICC I RCUMSTANCES OF TODAY WOULD SUGGEST THE NEED FOR DEEP AND SWEEPING CHANGES IN OUR APPROACH TO PUBLIC EDUCATION AT THE PRECOLLEGIATE LEVEL, TO MATCH THOSE BEING EXPERIENCED IN THE LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES, AND OUR SOCIETY AT LARGE. I AM SUGGESTING THAT THE TIME IS OVERDUE FOR YOU AND THE EDUCATIONAL INTELLECTUAL ESTABLISHMENT TO ONCE AGAIN BE PIONEERS, MOVING FORWARD WITH VISION, COURAGE, BOLDNESS, AND A VENTURESOME SPIRIT. IN SHAR ING MY CONCERNS IN TH IS REGARD, I WI LL ORGAN I ZE MY THOUGHTS AROUND -- FIVE POINTS. MISS CONRAD, MY HIGH SCHOOL SPEECH TEACHER, TAUGHT ME THAT NO SPEECH SHOULD CONTAIN MORE THAN TWO OR CERTAINLY AT MOST THREE POINTS, SINCE THE TYPICAL AUDIENCE CAN ABSORB NO MORE. BUT WITH SUCH AN ILLUSTRIOUS AGGREGATION AS THAT ASSEMBLED HERE IN THE MANN LEAGUE, I FEEL COMFORTABLE IN STRETCHING THAT LIMIT TO FIVE. POINT #1: ,- BOLDNESS LEAD • I N ADDRESS I NG THE COMPLEX PROCESS OF THE YOUNG, PREBIRTH THROUGH ADOLE SCENCE TO YOUNG ADULTHOOD. FROM �10 I REAL I ZE I MMED IATEL Y THAT TH IS MAY STRETCH YOUR CONCEPT I SUGGESTED EARLIER THAT THREE OF THE BASIC INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIETY NEED ATTENTION THE SCHOOLS, THE FAMILY, THE LOCAL COMMUNITY. YOu EDUCATORS ARE TYPICALLY CONCERNED WITH ONLY ONE - THE SCHOOL. AS WHAT I AM NOW SUGGESTING IS THAT, IN YOUR PROFESSIONAL ROLE, YOU CANNOT SO SIMPLY DISASSOCIATE YOURSELF FROM THE OTHER TWO. THE YOUNG PEOPLE WHOM YOU RECE I VE ARE A PRODUCT OF THE OTHER TWO, AND THE HOME/F AM I LY AND LOCAL COMMUNITY ARE OF SUCH IMPORTANCE IN SHAPING YOUNG LIVES THAT THEY CAN NO LONGER BE IGNORED NOR CAN THEIR CONSEQUENCES BE FULLY COUNTERMANDED WHEN .,-k" y. S 'k-\, STEP IN AT KINDERGARTEN. AS RATIONALE FOR THIS POINT, I WANT TO ELABORATE ONE OR TWO OBSERVATIONS. MOST ADMINISTRATORS OF PUBLIC PRECOLLEGIATE EDUCATION ASSUME NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR A YOUNGSTER UNTIL HE OR SHE REACHES AGE FIVE, USUALLY BY DECEMBER 1. IF THE YOUNGSTER'S BIRTHDAY IS ON DECEMBER 2, WE DON'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THAT ONE UNTIL NEXT YEAR. BUT THE EVI DEN CE OF RESEARCH IS PERSUASIVELY CLEAR -- TO WAIT UNTIL AGE FIVE IS TO WAIT TOO �11 - LONG . WE KNOW THE S IGN IF ICANCE OF THE EARL IEST DAYS AND THE F IRST TWO YEARS OF L IFE IN SHAP ING THE PERSONAL ITY , THE VALUES , THE QUAL IT IES OF THE IND IV IDUAL . AND WE KNOW ALSO THE S IGN IF ICANCE OF AGES THREE AND FOUR -THE PRESCHOOL PER IOD WHEN WE AND OTHER PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS ON HAVE BEEN DABBL ING W ITH HEADSTART ~ A FRAGMENTED , NONCOMPREHENS IVE , AND UNARTICULATED BASIS . DESPITE OVERWHELMING EV ENCE , SOCIETY HAS FA ILED TO DO ANYTH ING SYSTEMAT ICALLY AND COMPREHENS IVELY TO DEAL W ITH THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS DUR ING THE YEARS PR IOR TO THE MANDATED START OF FORMAL SCHOOL ING . IN EARL IER GENERAT IONS , TH IS WAS THE PREROGAT IVE OF THE HOME AND THE PARENTS . WH ILE A ~ L IND IV IDUAL FAM IL IES PERFORMED W ITH VARY ING DEGREES OF SUCCESS , ITWAS A SOC IETAL EXPECTAT ION THAT TH IS WAS A FAM ILY RESPONS IB IL ITY . FAM IL IES AND FOR MANY NURTUR ING , SUPPORT IVE , AND ST ILL TODAY IN MANY HOMES , YOUNGSTERS , THE HOME AND DEVELOPMENTAL ENV IRONMENT . FAM ILY BUT , IN MANY PROV IDE A ALL OF US ARE V IV IDLY AWARE FOR MANY YOUNGSTERS AND IN MANY HOMES AND FAM IL IES , TH IS IS S IMPLY NOT THE CASE . �12 TO FURTHER THERE ARE I LLUSTRATE THE TOO UNPRODUCT I VE, MANY I IMPORTANCE ADULTS REFER CHRONICALLY ON WELFARE, WHO TO THE ARE THOSE EARLY YEARS, UNPRODUCTIVE WHO INCARCERATED, FAILING TO BE SELF-SUPPORTING, OF ARE IN WE KNOW THAT SOCIETY. By CHRON I CALLY UNEMPLOYED, GOING NOWHERE WITH THEIR PRODUCTIVE, CONTRIBUTING; LIVES -- FAILING TO LIVE UP TO THE EXPECTATIONS FOR ADULTS IN AMERICAN SOCIETY. IN STUDYING SUCH INDIVIDUALS, THE THAT UNPRODUCTIVE ADULTS SITUATIONS, REALITY MUST EVIDENCE ARE A PARTICULARLY IN BE ADDRESSED SEEMS INCREASINGLY CONSEQUENCE THE OF EARLIEST PRAGMATICAbLY CLEAR INADEQUATE YEARS AND OF MORE HOME LIFE. MOST AND SUCH FAMILY SOMEHOW EFFECTIVELY THIS THAN IS CURRENTLY THE CASE. FURTHER, TOO MANY STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATIONAL REFORM FORGET THE FACT THAT CHILDREN ONLY ATTEND SCHOOL; THEY LIVE SOMEWHERE ELSE. EVEN THE FINEST SCHEMES FOR SCHOOL REFORM TOUCH ONLY PART OF THE CHILD'S LIFE. SUPERB PEDAGOGY GOE S UNHEARD IF THE RUMBLE THROBBING OF A BATTERED EYE DROWN S IT OUT, OF AN THE MOST EMPTY STOMACH OR THE THE SCHOOLS, THE FAMILY, THE �13 COMMUN ITY OR NE IGHBORHOOD ARE THREE INST ITUT IONS INTERDEPENDENT , BUT NOT EQUAL IN IMPORTANCE IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT . THE F IRST AND MOST IMPORTANT YEARS INTHE L IVES OF CHI LDREN ARE MA l NLY THE PROVI NCE OF THE FAMILY . UPON THE FAM ILY 'S HEALTH , ALL ELSE IN SOC IETY DEPENDS . THAT MEANS , WE MUST F IND EFFECT IVE WAYS TO RENEW THE FAM ILY 'S POTENT IAL AND DEV ISE MEANS TO SUPPORT ITSESSENT IAL FUNCT IONS . S IMPL IST ICALLY , IWOULD OBSERVE THAT THE GREATEST PROBLEM W ITH EDUCAT ION IS THAT MOST EDUCATORS AREN 'T ! RATHER THAN BE ING EDUCATORS THEY ARE S IMPLY MANAGERS OF SYSTEMS . IN THE ~ AND BUSYNESS OF THE IR DAYS , U THEY DR IFT AWAY FROM THE BAS IC CONCEPTS AND PR INC IPALS OF EDUCAT ION , TO BECOME PREOCCUP IED W ITH SOPH IST ICATED SYSTEMS OF MAN IPULAT ING OF THE MANAGEMENT SCHOOL ING . T IME OF H IGHLY COMPLEX IS OCCUP IED W ITH AND THE BUS TRANSPORTAT ION SCHEDULES , SCROUNG ING FUNDS FOR BU ILD ING MA INTENANCE , PUTT ING OUT THE F IRES OF THE MOMENT . WH ILE ALL OF THOSE IS SUES AND MORE MUST BE DEALT W ITH , THE ESSENTI AL M ISSION O F THE ENT IRE ENTERPR ISE MUST REMA IN THE CENTER OF FOCUS AND PREOCCUPA" f rON . �1 4 WHAT I AM SUGGEST ING ISNOT THAT SCHOOLS SHOULD ASSUME RESPONS IB IL ITY FOR EVERYTH ING IN INFLUENC ING AND SHAP ING THE EDUCAT ION OR DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNG , FROM PREB IRTH TO YOUNG ADULTHOOD . BUT WHAT I AM SUGGEST ING , IS THAT YOU , AS PROFESS IONAL EDUCATORS AND RECOGN IZED LEADERS IN YOUR RESPECTI VE ROLES , SHOULD PROVI DE THE I NTELLECTUAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK , THE V ISIONARY LEADERSHIP , THE CATALYTICI NFLUENCE IN ENSURI NG ~ COMPREHENS IVE ATTENT ION AT THE COMMUN ITY LEVEL ON THE MUR ID INFLUENCES II- WH ICH IMPACT THE L IVES OF YOUNGSTERS . YOu MUST BE CONCERNED ABOUT HOMES AND FAM ILY AND PARENT ING ; YOU MUST NE IGHBORHOODS ; YOU MUST BE CONCERNED ALTERNAT IVES OF THE YOUNG BE CONCERNED W ITH ~ HOUS ING AND THE NONSCHOOL OPPORTUN IT IES AND L IVES FOR WHOM YOU HAVE A STEWARDSH IP RESPONS IB IL ITY . WH I LE YOUR CENTRAL ATTENTION WI LL BE UPON THE I NSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS WE CALL SCHOOLS , AS PROFESSIONALS DESERV ING OF THE T ITLE EDUCATOR , YOUR PURV IEW MU ST BE BROADER AND DEEPER AND GREATER , �15 PO INT # 2 : BOLDNESS IN ADDRESS ING THE ANT IQUATED CONCEPT OF THE "SCHOOL YEAR . " IN AMER ICAN PUBL IC EDUCAT ION WE HAVE INST ITUT IONAL IZED , ALMOST AD NAUSEUM , AN AGRAR IAN MODEL ESTABL ISHED MORE THAN TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO . A s A FARM K ID , I KNOW WHY SCHOOL STARTS AFTER LABOR DAY -AFTER THE POTATOES ARE DUG AND THE CORN IS P ICKED -AND ENDS AT MEMOR IAL DAY IN THE SPR ING -IN T IME TO PLANT THE POTATOES AND CORN AGA IN . IT IS AN ANNUAL SCHEDULE DES IGNED FOR AN AGRAR IAN SOC IETY , WHEN MOST YOUNGSTERS L IVED ON FARMS AND WERE AN ESSENT IAL CONTR IBUTOR TO THE FARM FAM ILY LABOR FORCE . TO CONT INUE THAT PATTERN TODAY ISABSURD ! AS ONLY ONE EV IDENCE OF ITS ID IOCY , THERE ISCLEAR EV IDENCE THAT ITTAKES SEPTEMBER , OCTOBER , AND MOST OF NOVEMBER TO GET THE F IFTH GRADE BACK TO THEIRSKI LLS IN READ ING AND WR IT ING AND AR ITHMET IC THAT THEY HAD ACH IEVED WHEN THEY LEFT THE SCHOOL ROOM AT THE END OF MAY . WE KNOW THAT THE THREE -MONTH BREAK IS S IMPLY TOO LONG FOR KNOWLEDGE AND SK ILLRETENT ION . YET , WE ~ �16 TO FURTHER EMPHASIZE THE PATTERN OF THE SCHOOL YEAR AND THE INTERACTION OF SCHOOL WITH LIFE, WE SHOULD REMIND OURSELVES THAT AS A SOCIETY WE HAVE PROLONGED ADOLESCENCE THROUGH THE TEENAGE YEARS INTO THE MID-TWENTIES FOR MOST YOUNG PEOPLE. WHEREAS IN EARLIER GENERATIONS, YOUNGSTERS BEGAN TO ASSUME ADULT-LIKE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AT AN EARLY AGE, EVEN 10, 12, OR 14 YEARS OLD, NOW IT VERY OFTEN IS POSTCOLLEGE AGE BEFORE THE INDIVIDUAL ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR SELF AND THEN UNDERTAKES A CONTRIBUTING, INDEPENDENT LIFE-STYLE RATHER THAN CONTINUING AN EXISTENCE OF DEPENDENCE. THROUGH LEGAL RESTRICTIONS AND TECHNOLOGY CHANGE, WE DENY MOST YOUNGSTERS THE SATISFACTION OF A DECENT JOB BEFORE OR AFTER SCHOOL OR ON WEEKENDS OR DURING VACATION PERIODS. WE INSIST ON TURNING ALL OF THE TEENAGERS I N THE COUNTRY OUT ON THE STREETS I N THE HOT MONTHS OF SUMMER WI TH FEW AL TERNAT IVES FOR CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT AND WONDER WHY THEY BECOME TROUBLESOME. AS EDUCATORS WE SHOULD DO FAR BE TTER II'J RELATING THE ACTIVITI ES AND RESPONSIBILITIE S OF SCHOOL TO THE REST OF THE STUDENT S' DAY AND WEE K AND �17 YEAR. Fa OBVIOUSLY THE PATTERN SHOULD BE QUITE DIFFERENT F. THAN FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL OR HIGH SCHOOL. M ELEMENTARY AND THERE MUST BE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE YOUNG TO BE CONSTRUCTIVE CONTRIBUTORS TO SELF, FAMILY, COMMUNITY, "" SOCIETY, BOTH FOR PAY AND AS VOLUNTEERS, AS WELL AS TO BE THE RECIPIENTS OR BENEFICIARIES. WE HAVE SEEMED INCLINED, IN CURRICULA DESIGN, TO PUSH CERTAIN TASKS OR SKILLS TO EARLIER AND EARLIER AGES, CHILDHOOD STRESS, CONTRIBUTING TO WHILE AT THE SAME TIME SYSTEMATICALLY DELAYING THE PROCESS OF MATURATION. AND WHAT ABOUT THE NUMBER OF DAYS WE · HAVE MANDATED IN THE SCHOOL YEAR? IN MOST STATES THIS SEEMS TO BE 180 DAYS. ABOUT THE 180 DAY CONTRACT, WE AT IF THERE IS SOMETHING BIBLICAL LEAST COULD SCHEDULE THE DAYS DIFFERENTLY TO AVOID THE NEGATIVE OF LONG BREAKS WHICH ERODE KNOWLEDGE RETENTION AND CONTRIBUTE TO INACTIVITY. DIFFERENT COMMITMENT CHARACTERISTICS, TO EDUCATION CONTRASTING SHARPLY BASED WITH AND WHY NOT CONSIDER A QUITE UPON THE SCHOOL YEAR WAS DEFINED TO SERVE FARM LABOR NEEDS. CONTEMPORARY AGRARIAN ERA SOCIETAL WHEN THE �18 TH IS IS A SUB JECT WH ICH YEARS . HAS BEEN ENERGET ICALLY DEBATED THROUGH THE IF IND ITENCOURAG ING NOW THAT THERE IS ANAT IONAL ORGAN IZAT ION OF SCHOOLS DED ICATED TO A YEAR ROUND SCHEDULE , ON CREAT IVE AND VARY ING PATTERNS . ~ ~ I EMPHAS IZE TH IS NOT ION WOULD HAVE ION; S IMPLY BECAUSE ITS IMPLEMENTAT DRAMAT IC IMPACT ON THE WHOLE CONCEPT OF SCHOOL IN THE L IFE OF THE IND IV IDUAL STUDENT , THE FAM ILY , THE COMMUN ITY , AND THE SYSTEM . PROV IDES EXC IT ING ALTERNAT IVES FOR INTERACT ION BETWEEN IT EDUCAT IONAL ACT IV IT IES OF THE SCHOOL AND L IFE AS · -I·T IS L IVED BY IND IV IDUAL STUDENTS OF ALL AGES I NTERACT ION BETWEEN SCHOOL AND WORK ; INTERACTION BETWEEN SCHOOL AND VOLUNTEER ISM ; INTERACT ION BETWEEN THE CLASSROOM AND THE RECREATION GROUND , THE STREETS , PARKS , MUSEUMS , CULTURAL PROGRAMS , AND OTHER NONSCHOOL INFLUENCES ON DEVELOPMENT . My CONCERN ISNOT S IMPLY ONE OF BETTER USE OF THE MASS IVE INVESTMENT WE HAVE IN BR ICKS AND MORTAR AND EQU IPMENT , BUT THE INFUS ION OF EDUCAT ION IN A QU ITE D IFFERENT WAY INTHE L IVES OF STUDENTS AND THE SO C IE TYOF WH ICH THEY ARE A PART . �19 BOLDNESS POINT #3: IN TAKING THE LEAD IN DRAMATICALLY ALTERING THE CONCEPT OF "THE SCHOOL DAY." AS A FARM KID, I ALSO KNOW WHY THE SCHOOL DAY STARTED AT 9:00 O'CLOCK AND ENDED AT FOUR. THIS PERMITTED ME TO GET UP IN THE MORNING AND DO MY CHORES, CHANGE TO MY CLEAN OVERALLS FOR SCHOOL, AND THEN IN THE AFTERNOON REVERSE THE PROCESS. AGAIN, A SCHOOL DAY APPROPRIATE TO THE AGRARIAN SOCIETY WHICH CREATED IT. TODAY, THROUGH ADMINISTRATIVE ELABORATE ATTENTION CONTRACTUAL TO DETAIL, WE NEGOTIATIONS HAVE AND ALTERED ASSIDUOUS THAT PATTERN DRAMATICALLY -- STARTING CLASSES AT 8:25 AND COMPLETING THE DAY AT 2:50 OR WHATEVER THE SCHEDULE IS IN YOUR CONTRACT AND DISTRICT. BUT WHAT OF LIFE IN THE SOCIETY THAT SUSTAINS THE SCHOOL AND WHICH THE SCHOOL IS SUPPORTED TO SERVE? INDIVIDUAL STUDENT I AND WOULD ARGUE THAT THE IN SERVING THE NE EDS OF THE CONTEMPORAR Y FAMILY AND COMMUNIT Y, EVER Y SCHOOL BUILDING SHOULD BE OPEN FROM AT LEAST 6:00 O'CLOCK IN THE MORNING �2 0 UNT IL 10 :00 O 'CLOCK AT N IGHT . OF COURSE I AM NOT TH INK ING OF CLASSES SCHEDULED THROUGHOUT THAT T IME FRAME , ALTHOUGH PART ICULARLY AT THE H IGH SCHOOL LEVEL THERE COULD BE FAR MORE FLEX IB IL ITY THAN IS TODAY . BUT I AM PROPOS ING THAT SOC IETY THROUGH A ~A ITS SCHOOLS SHOULD PROV IDE A SAFE HAVEN AND A CONSTRUCT IVE ENV IRONMENT FOR YOUNGSTERS OF WORK ING PARENTS . A S INGLE WORK ING PARENT WOULD BE ABLE TO DEL IVER A SON OR DAUGHTER TO SCHOOL AT AN EARLY HOUR ON THE WAY TO WORK , ASSURED THAT THE CH ILD HAD A SAFE HAVEN , PERHAPS FOR BREAKFAST , PERHAPS FOR HOMEWORK OR COMPUTER ACT IV IT IES OR L IBRARY STUDY OR PHYS ICAL ACT IV IT IES IN THE GYMNASIUM -A WARM , SCHOOL THE SECURE , CARING, . NURTURING ENV IRONMENT . LATCHKEY K ID PROBLEM WOULD AGA IN AND AFTER BE AVO IDED BY HAV ING IV IT IES AND OPPORTUN IT IES AVA ILABLE IN THE SCHOOL AS A ALTERNAT IVE ACT COMMUNITY HAVEN . VOLUNTEERS AND PARAPROFESSIONALS COULD PROV IDE MUCH OF THE EDUCAT IONAL NECESSARY . AND SUPERV ISED ACT IV ITY OR THE S IMPLE MON ITOR ING THE SCHOOL , INSTEADOF BE ING AN UNACCESS IBLE ENCLAVE ISOLATED FROM THE FULL SCOPE -OF L IFE 'S NEEDS , WOULD BECOME A CENTRAL CATALYT IC ELEMENT IN NE IGHBORHOOD L IFE . SOME COMMUN IT IES W ITH �21 THE I R SCHOOLS DO TH IS DRAMAT I CALLY WE LL; MOST DO NOT. THE CHALLENGE TO YOU AS EDUCATIONAL STATESMEN CONCERNED WITH THE WHOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF EACH INDIVIDUAL CATALYTIC IN ROLE YOUR IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS. STEWARDSHIP ADDRESSING IS THE TO AGAIN PLAY A LEADERSHIP AND NONCLASSROOM DIMENSIONS OF THE WHILE SCHOOLS CAN NOT AND SHOULD NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL OF THESE ACTIVITIES AND INFLUENCES, TO DENY THEIR IMPORTANCE AND TO IGNORE THEM THROUGH INATTENTION IS TO BE DERELICT IN YOUR PROFESSIONAL OBLIGATION AS EDUCATOR. POINT #4: BOLDNESS IN REALIGNING · ,pATTERNS OF RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. IN THE EVOLUTION OF OUR SOPH 1ST ICATED, COMPLEX, FORMAL K-12 SYSTEM, WE AND FRAGMENTED ELEMENTS HAVE BEEN MANDATED AND FEDERAL EVERY AND STATE PROFESS I ON, LEVELS. THERE HAVE DEVELOPED A HIGHLY PATTERN AND PROCESS. I MPOSED ON THE LOCAL SCHOOL, WITH THE SPEC I AL I ZAT I ON I SAD I SC ONT I NU ITY OF THE MANY OFTEN FROM CHARACTERISTI C EDUCAT1ONAL OF PROCESS �22 FROM PRESCHOOL TO ELEMENTARY THROUGH H IGH SCHOOL . THE EXPER IENCE FOR THE IND IV IDUAL STUDENT , EVEN DUR ING THE CLASSROOM DAY MAY BE TOO OFTEN INTERRUPTED , ARB ITRARY , UNRELATED . IN THE TYP ICAL SCHOOL SYSTEM , THE PROFESS IONAL ROLE , RESPONS IB IL ITY , AND ACCOUNTAB IL ITY OF THE IND IV IDUAL TEACHER HAS BEEN SER IOUSLY ERODED . WH ILE THE PATTERN CAN AND SHOULD BE DRAMAT ICALLY D IFFERENT IN THE ELEMENTARY , M IDDLE SCHOOL , AND H IGH SCHOOL YEARS , WE HAVE TENDED TO HOMOGEN IZE RATHER THAN D IFFERENT IATE , TO CATEGOR IZE RATHER THAN TO IND IV IDUAL IZE . IFTHE TEACH ING PROFESS ION , AT WHATEV6R LEVEL , IN OUR PUBL IC SCHOOLS IS TO BE RESTORED TO A POS IT ION OF PREST IGE AND PERSONAL GRAT IF ICAT ION , THE AL ROLE OF THE TEACHER IN THE PROCESS MUST BE THE CARNEG IE FOUNDAT ION R COUNTRY . ~ IN A RECENT STUDY , Y INTERV IEWED 22 ,000 TEACHERS ACROSS THE / / THEY FOUND THAT ONE -THI RD OF THOSE TEACHERS SA ID THEY HAD NO I INPUT INTO SHAP ING THE CURR ICULUM , MORE A ~A I L THEY FOUND THAT TWO-THI RDS OF THOSE 22 ,000 TEACHER S SA ID THEY WERE N OT A SKED TO HELP / , SHAPE SCHOOL POL ICY AI\ID THEY HAD L ITTLE INFLUENCE ON THE PLACEMENT OF �23 STUDENTS W ITH SPEC IAL NEEDS . THESE ARE ONLY FRAGMENTED B ITS OF EV IDENCE REGARD ING THE ALMOST SUFFOCAT ING IMPACT OF BUREAUCRAT IC PROCEDURES AND PRACT ICES ON THE EDUCAT IONAL ENTERPR ISE . TH IS MUST BE ADDRESSED BY THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE IN THE POS IT ION TO DO SO . THE TRULY CONTR IBUT ION . PROFESS IONAL TEACHER HAS A REMARKABLE TH INK BACK TO YOUR OWN SCHOOL DAYS . CAPAC ITY AND UNLESS YOU WERE IN A SMALL SCHOOL SYSTEM WHEN THE SUPER INTENDENT ALSO TAUGHT SC IENCE AND COACHED FOOTBALL AND TRACK , OR UNLESS YOUR DAD WAS THE SUPERINTENDENT , YOU PROBABLY CAN 'T RECALL H IS NAME . BUJ I A ~ U CAN NAME ONE OR TWO , OR IFYOU WERE R ICHLY BLESSED , F IVE OR S IX TEACHERS WHO REALLY INFLUENCED YOUR L IFE . EV IDENCE ISPERSUAS IVELY CLEAR THAT DRAMAT IC CHANGES ARE JUST IF IED . SOME D ISTR ICTS -SOME OF YOU -ARE PROV ID ING DRAMAT IC EXAMPLES OF NEW PATTERNS , IN WH ICH THE SANCT ITY OF THE CLASSROOM AND THE SCH OO LBU ILD ING ARE REESTABL ISHED AND THE PROFESS IONAL ROLE OF THE TEACHER ISELEVATED . �24 MOST RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT THE INTELLECTUAL OR THE ACADEMIC LEARNING ENVIRONMENT OF THE SCHOOL BUILDING IS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF THE BUILDING'S PRINCIPAL. IF TAKEN SERIOUSLY, THIS HAS IMMEDIATE SIGNIFICANCE IN THE PRESERVICE AND INSERVICE TRAINING OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS, THEIR SCOPE OF AUTHORITY, THEIR DEGREES OF FREEDOM. SUGGEST THAT EFFECTIVE, THE TYPICAL SHOULD HAVE SCHOOL FAR MORE PRINCIPAL, IF AUTHORITY IN WELL I WOULD QUALIFIED MOBILIZING AND HIS/HER PROFESSIONAL TEAM AND AUXILIARY PERSONNEL TO DO THE BEST POSSIBLE JOB FOR THE YOUNGSTERS, OPERATE. THE FAMILIES, AND THE NEIGHBORHOODS IN WHICH THEY WITH GIVEN RESOURCES, THE PROFESSIONAL CADRE OF AN INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTARY, MIDDLE SCHOOL, OR HIGH SCHOOL UNIT SHOULD HAVE SIGNIFICANT FREEDOM TO WORK TOGETHER TO AUGMENT THEIR RESOURCES WITH VOLUNTEERS AND CONTRIBUTED SERVICES AND TALENT, TO SHAPE THE PATTERN OF THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE FOR THE YOUNGSTERS FOR WHOM THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE AND FOR WHOSE PERFORMANCE THEY SHOULD BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE. �25 IN A RECENT SYNDICATED COLUMN, JAMES KILPATRICK REFERENCED A REPORT FROM THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION. THIS REPORT FOCUSED ON IDENTIFYING WHAT WORKS AND WHAT FAILS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION BY CONCENTRATING ON SUCH ISSUES AS PEOPLE EXPENDITURE, TEACHER SALARIES, REQUIREMENTS, AND HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS. CLASS SIZE, GRADUATION NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN THESE ISSUES AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS. INSTEAD, THE INTANGIBLE QUALITY OF AUTONOMY WAS DETERMINED TO BE OF VITAL IMPORTANCE. THE REPORT SAID, "THE SUCCESSFUL SCHOOLS HAD A SENSE OF ACADEM IC VISION. KNEW WHERE THEY WANTED TO TAKE THEIR STUDENTS. STRONG TEACHERS PRINCIPALS, ORIENTED TOWARD EDUCATION RATHER THAN ADMINISTRATION, PROVIDED VIGOROUS LEADERSHIP." YOUR CHALLENGE IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP IS TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT A PATTERN WHICH ENABLES YOUR PROFESSIONALS TO PERFORM. POINT #5: BOLDNESS IN GIVING EMPHASI S TO EDUCATION IN TH E ELEMENTARY GRADES. �2 6 AS A LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD MEMBER , I USED TO BE PERPLEXED INTHE BUDGETING PROCESS . IN FRUSTRATION , I WOULD ASK THE ADMIN ISTRATORS , "WHY HAVE YOU EDUCATORS SET UP A SYSTEM THAT FORCES US AS BOARD MEMBERS TO MAKE THE WRONG DEC IS IONS? THE ELEMENTARY WHEN RESOURCES ARE L IM ITED , WE ALWAYS TAKE AWAY FROM GRADES INCREASE CLASS S IZE , EL IM INATE SPEC IAL ACT IV IT IES IN READ ING , MUS IC , THE ARTS , REMED IAL RESOURCES -SO THAT WE CAN KEEP OUR H IGH SCHOOL ACCRED ITED SO THAT OUR GRADUATES CAN GO TO ACCRED ITED RESEARCH COLLEGES AND UN IVERS IT IES . YET , I READ EMPHAS IZES THE IMPORTANCE OF SHAP ING AND BU ILD ING THE FUTURE . ~ ALL OF THE BEHAV IORAL THE ELEMENTARY YEARS IN EDUCATORS REALLY BEL IEVED THE IR RESEARCH , THEY WOULD ACCRED IT THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS -AND LET THE REST OF THE SYSTEM BU ILD FROM A SOL ID BEG INN ING . " WH ILE EVERY YEAR IS IMPORTANT , THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL YEARS SEEM TO BE PART ICULARLY CRUC IAL IN DEVELOP ING ING . ATT ITUDES AND PATTERNS OF LEARN THE IR SCHOO L ING EXPER IENCE? SELF IMAGE , PEER RELAT IONSH IPS , TH INK OF YOUR OWN YOUr \ lGSTERS A f \ lD IF ONE OF THEM HAD A M ISERABLE EXPER IE r \ lCE �27 WITH A POOR TEACHER IN THE SECOND OR THIRD GRADE, THE CONSEQUENCES ARE ENDURING. IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO OVERCOME THE BAD RESULTS OF EARLY SCHOOLING. IN LATER YEARS, HIGH SCHOOL FOR EXAMPLE, WITH GREATER MATURITY AND SEVERAL TEACHERS EACH DAY, A STUDENT CAN COPE WITH A POOR TEACHER. ONE BUT IN AN EARLY GRADE, DURING THE FORMATIVE STUDENT YEARS, WITH TEACHER MONOPOLIZING EACH DAY AND SETTING THE TOTAL PATTERN OF LEARN I NG EXPECTAT IONS, PATTERNS AND FEEL I NGS OF FAI LURE OR SUCCESS, THE IMPACT -- POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE -- IS PERMANENT. IN MOST SCHOOL SYSTEMS, WITH EMPHASIS ON SPECIALIZATION AND CREDENTIALS, ELEMENTARY TEACHERS TEND TO BE UNDERPAID, UNDERAPPRECIATED, AND · UNDER-RECOGNIZED AS PROFESSIONALS. IN BATTLE CREEK WE HAVE ESTABLISHED AN ANNUAL EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION DAY TO GIVE PUBLIC RECOGNITION TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. AS A PART OF THIS SPECIAL CELEBRATION, THE TOP FIVE PERCENT OF THE SEVEN LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATING CLASSES ARE INVITED TO A BANQUET, WITH THEIR PARENTS. IN ADDITION, EACH HONOREE IS ASKED TO INVITE AS A GUEST THE TEA CHER THAT MADE THE GREATEST DIFFERENCE. I FIND IT SIGNIFICANT THAT EACH YEAR ABOUT �28 ONE -TH IRD OF THESE SOON -TO -GRADUATE SEN IORS INV ITE AS THE IR MOST IMPORTANT EDUCATOR , A TEACHER FROM THE IR ELEMENTARY YEARS . TH IS PO INT #5 COULD HAVE BEEN SUBSUMED IN PO INT # 4 . I CHOSE TO SEPARATE ITFOR EMPHASIS . UNLESS WE BEGINTO DO BETTER INOUR PRESCHOOL AND ELEMENTARY PROGRAMS , WE CANNOT HOPE TO DO BETTER IN THE UPPER GRADES . IV SO THERE THEY ARE -F IVE PO INTS . IAM ~ TO GO ON W ITH F IVE OR TEN MORE , BUT M ISS CONRAD WOULD REM IND ME THAT I HAVE ALREADY SATURATED MY AUD IENCE . IT WOULD , OF COURSE , BE S IMPL IST IC AND NA IVE TO TH INK THAT S IMPLY ADDRESS ING THESE F IVE NOT IONS WOULD CONST ITUTE A PANACEA FOR WHAT TROUBLES PUBL IC PRECOLLEG IATE EDUCAT ION IN OUR COUNTRY . AS EXAMPLES AND FOR TWO REASONS . IC ITE THEM ONLY �2 9 F IRST , I URGE YOU , AS PROFESS IONAL EDUCATORS , TO RETH INK YOUR ROLE . ARE YOU EDUCATORS -OR ARE YOU OPERATORS OF SYSTEMS? ISYOUR PREOCCUPAT ION W ITH THE COMPREHENS IVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNG L IVES W ITH WH ICH YOU ARE ENTRUSTED AND W ITH THE COMPREHENS IVE DEVOT ION TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT , OR ARE YOU ENCHANTED W ITH REF INEMENTS AND VAR IAT IONS OF A SYSTEM YOU INHER ITED ? SECOND , ARE YOU W ILL ING TO PROV IDE LEADERSH IP IN RETH INK ING THE EDUCAT IONAL EXPER IENCES OF OUR YOUNG , FROM PREB IRTH OR INFANCY THROUGH ADOLESCENCE? SOC IETY HAS CHANGED DRAMAT ICALLY IN EVERYTH ING FROM FAM ILY STRUCTURE TO TECHNOLOGY , AND THE SYSTEM WE OBSOLETE . ~ THERE IS 0 U A ~ PRESERVE IS ESSENT IALLY THAT COLLEGES OF EDUCAT ION W ILL PROV IDE LEADERSH IP IN ADDRESS ING TH IS V ITAL SOC IETAL ISSUE . WE THEREFORE MUST TURN ELSEWHERE FOR V IS ION AND LEADERSH IP . THUS , I URGE YOU AS PRACT IT IONERS IN OUR COMMUN IT IES WHERE L IFE IS L IVED TO STEP FORWARD IN RESPONS IBLY AND PRAGMAT ICALLY REVOLUT ION IZ ING THAT WH ICH IS INTO THAT - WH ICH SHOULD BE . IN EDUCAT ION , AS IN MOST AREAS OF HUMAN CONCERN , WE �30 KNOW BETTER KNOWN, THAN WE DO! IMPLEMENT DRAMATICALLY, AND I NEW THEN URGE YOU TO TAKE PATTERNS AND PERMEATE THE THE BEST OF THAT WH I CH PROCESSES EDUCATIONAL EXPERIMENTALLY FABRIC IN THE IS AND CLOSING DECADE OF THIS CENTURY. MRS. FRANCES AMER I CA, HESSELBE IN, RECENTLY THE ADDRESSED PRES I DENT A GROUP AND OF CEO OF THE GIRL SCOUTS OF NONPROF I T LEADERS IN MI CH IGAN. MRS. HESSELBEIN ASKED US TO REEXAMINE OUR MISSION -- OUR REASON FOR BEING IN BUSINESS. "WHAT IS FUNDERS?" IN THE SHE OUR ADVISED BUSINESS?" THIS BUSINESS SAME OF US TO "WHO ASK ARE OUR EXERCISE WOULD EDUCATION, DO DEMANDS OF YOUR CUSTOMERS TODAY? OURSELVES, THREE CUSTOMERS?" BE BENEFICIAL YOU REALLY FEEL MAIN AND QUESTIONS: "WHO ARE FOR EDUCATION YOU ARE OUR TODAY. MEETING THE HAVE EDUCATORS TRULY MADE AN EFFORT TO MEET THE UNIQUE CHALLENGES OF TODAY'S YOUNG PEOPLE, OR ARE THEY MANAGING THE SAME, ESSENTIALLY UNCHANGED, SYSTEM THAT WAS DEVELOPED YEARS AGO BY HORACE MANN AND OTHERS OF YOUR PREDECES SOR S? �31 MRS . HESSELBE IN ALSO TOLD US , "WE MUST WORK ON SLUFF ING OFF YESTERDAY 'S ACCOMPL ISHMENTS FOR TOMORROW 'S CHALLENGES . " TH IS STATEMENT BECOMES PART ICULARLY INTR IGU ING AS WE D ISCUSS THE CR IT ICAL PO INTS OF EDUCAT ION 'S H ISTORY . W ITHOUT QUEST ION , TQDAY ISTHE CR IT ICAL PO INT IN THE H ISTORY OF EDUCAT ION . UNLESS WE SLUFF OFF YESTERDAY 'S ACCOMPL ISHMENTS AND ACCEPT TOMORROW 'S CHALLENGES , OUR ENT IRE COUNTRY W ILL FALTER . SHORT -TERM ANSWERS . THERE ARE NO ANY IDEA PUT INTO PLACE TODAY CANNOT FULLY BE MEASURED UNT IL A FULL GENERAT ION PASSES THROUGH THE SYSTEM . I CHALLENGE YOU , AS EDUCAT ION 'S LEADERS TODAY , TO SO ACT THAT , 5 0 YEARS FROM NOW , AFTER TWO OR THREE MORE GENERAT IONS HAVE GONE THROUGH OUR EDUCAT ION - SYSTEM , ASTUTE OBSERVERS THEN W ILL NOTE THAT YOU WERE THE CADRE THAT INFLUENCED THE EVOLUT ION OF U A ~ A A ALL RESPOND ING TO THE CHALLENGES OF YOUR ERA . MAY YOU AS EDUCAT IONAL LEADERS RESPOND , AS D ID HORACE MANN , W ITH THE BOLDNESS THAT OUR T IME DEMANDS . I W ISH Y OU GODSPEED . RGM / JKF 0154w � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1990-02-24_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Boldness for Our Time Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 24, 1990 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Horace Mann League luncheon. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-02-24 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fbd3365178bedffd1d8b96d40e74c1f3.pdf eec53e6a73fb1bfaf93bbd8b66db702f PDF Text Text .,(..<£ Remarks by RGM t Co fe rence of foun ath n s , Feb . 25 -27 , Ann Arbor • I. ,/ / / ( / L ) I / . ) I/ ;' �G 2 , 7 £ I L , ;> - - - ---. I / ( / I �_ -c==-- - - - - - - - ----- - This emphasis is in no way intended to depreciate the im- portance of any of the others. tion, for In fact, there is great tempta- give particular attention to the some 250 community foundations throughout our country, a group of fO\1ndations whose future seems particularly bright. An efficient and effective means of mobilizing private resources to serve local needs, these foundations are serving very useful purposes in their respective communities. It seems safe to predict that community foundations -- for various reasons, including their favored position under current tax law -- will become increasingly important in the philanthropic scene. ) I I �7 } In the first place, it is sobering to realize that the only private foundations in tomorrow's world already exist today. Under current tax law, the bj.rth rate of new foundations is virtually zero, the few exceptions being essentially those for which irrevocable instruments had been drawn pre-TRA-69. to local philanthropy. Traditionally composed of equity holdinss in the family business, they are beset by the complexities of conformance with the 1969 law and are particularly burdened by the payout rules of Section 4942 and the divestiture provisions of Section 4943. For many, the only reasonable course s e ems either dissolution or, of somewhat less negative consequence to philanthropy, transference of assets to a co~~unity foundation. Nonetheless, they pass from the private foundation scene. Finally, private foundations in tomorrow's world will have a lessening significance in the total social scene. While our national economy will continue to grow, the resources of private foundations will not keep pace in either relative or absolute terms. One aspect of this problem r elates to inflation. The educational and service enterprises which are the usual concerns of phil anthropy tend to experience inflationary pressure beyond that for the economy in general. Most dama ging to the capacity of private foundations to serve tomorrow's expanding needs, however, are those provisions of TRA-69 which are drying up the flow of new capital into existing foundations and which mandate the continuing erosion of their productive assets. 4 �M any o ft o c t a y ' sf o u n d a t i o n s-t h eW . K . K e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o n b e i n gb u to n ee x am p l e-s t a r t e da s sm a l lf o u n d a t i o n sw h i c h l a t e rr e c e i v e ds u b s t a n t i a la s s e t sf r omt h ed o n o ra n d / o rh i s e s t a t e . M any o ft h esm a l l e rf o u n d a t i o n so ft o d a yw e r ec r e a t e d w i t h t h es am ei n t e n t . How ev e r , b e c a u s eo ft h es e v e r a ld i s i n c e n t i v e so f TRA -69 , n os i g n i f i c a n tam o u n to fn ew c a p i t a lw i l l now f l owi n t ot h e s ef o u n d a t i o n s . B u tt h em o s t d e b i l i t a t i n gp r o v i s i o no ft h ec u r r e n tCod ei s S e c t i o n4 9 4 2 ,w h i c hr e q u i r e st h a tp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n sp a y o u t f o rt h e i rc h a r i t a b l ep u r p o s e se a c hy e a rt h eg r e a t e ro fn e ti n c om e o r6 p e r c e n to ft h em a r k e t v a l u eo ft h e i ra s s e t s . I n v e s t n e n t m a n a g e r s know t h a th i s t o r i c a l l yp o r t f o l i o sp r o d u c el e s st h a n 6p e r c e n t ,a c t u a l l yo v e rt h el o n gt e rmsom ewh e r ec l o s e rt o 3 . 5o r4 p e r c e n t . T h u s , t om e e t t h i se x c e s s i v ep a y o u tr e q u i r e m e n t , f o u n d a t i o nm a n a g e r s m u s t c o n s i s t e n t l yi n v a d et h e i rc o r p u s , t h u sc o n t i n u a l l ye r o d i n gaw ay t h ep r o d u c t i v eb a s e on w h i c h t h e i r p h i l a n t h r o p i ca c t i v i t i e sd e p e n d . T h i si sa nu n s o u n dp r a c t i c e i nt h ep r u d e n tf i s c a lm an ag em en t o fp r i v a t ee n t i t i e sand w i l l p r o g r e s s i v e l y im p a i rt h ee f f e c t i v e n e s so fa l lf o u n d a t i o n s . L e tm e i l l u s t r a t et h eim p a c to ft h ep r e s e n tp a y o u t ni~ m e n t u s i n gt h ef o u n d a t i o nw i t hw h i c h I ama s s o c i a t e d . F rom i t si n c e p t i o ni n1935 t h r o u g hi t s1976 f i s c a ly e a r ,t h eW . K . K e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o nT r u s tw i l lh a v em ad e a c t u a ld i s t r i b u t i o n o f $296 m i l l i o n f o rc h a r i t a b l ep u r p o s e s . I ft h ed i s t r i b u t i o n r e q u i r em e n t so f TR J . ' . -69 h a db e e ni ne f f e c td u r i n gt h o s e42 y e a r s 5 �a n dh a dt h eT r u s tb e e nr e q u i r e dt oa n n u a l l yd i s t r i b u t et h e h i g h e ro fi n c om eo r6 p e r c e n to ft h em a r k e t v a l u eo fi t s a s s e t s ,t h ed i s t r i b u t i o no ve rt h ep e r i o dw o u l dh a v et o t a l e d $316 m i l l i o n , o ra ni n c r e a s eo fo n l y $20 m i l l i o n . t om e e t t h i sm a n d a t o r y payou t r e q u i r em e n t ,t h e H ow e v e r , ~ t w o u l d h a v eh a dt os e l lK e l l o g g s t o c kh a v i n ga m a r k e t v a l u et o d a y o f $440 m i l l i o n . T h u s , t op r o v i d ea 6 1 / 2p e r c e n ti n c r e a s e t oc h a r i t y ,t h eT r u s t ' sc u r r e n ta s s e t sw o u l dh a v eb e e nr e d u c e d by 53% t oa m a r k e t v a l u eo f $392 m i l l i o n , a so p p o s e dt oi t s a c t u a lm a r k e tv a l u eo f $832 m i l l i o n . F u r t h e rm o r e ,f u t u r ed i s t r i b u t i o n st oc h a r i t yw o u l dh a v e b e e ns i g n i f i c a n t l yr e d u c e db s c a u s eo ft h ede p l e t e da s s e t sa n d e a r n i n g so ft h eT r u s t . T h i si se v i d e n c e db yt h ef a c tt h a t d u r i n g 1976 t h eT r u s tw i l le a r na p p r o x im a t e l y $31 m i l l i o n w h i c hw i l lb e i t i ut~ f o rc h a r i t a b l ep u r p o s e sa so p p o s e d t oe a r n i n g so fo n l y $15 m i l l i o nw h i c hw o u l db ea v a i l a b l eh a d i t sa s s e t sb e e nd e p l e t e d by t h eTRA -69 p a y o u tr e q u i r em e n t s . S u c he v i d e n c ea st h i sc o n v i n c e su st h a tt h eb e s ti n t e r e s t s o fs o c i e t ya r en o tb e i n gs e r v e dby e x i s t i n gl e g i s l a t i o na n d t h a t ,w h i l em any p r o v i s i o n so fTRA -69 a r e u ~o y c e r t a i n o t h e r sw a r r a n tm o d i f i c a t i o no nt h eb a s i so fe x p e r i e n c et od a t e . I nt h e s eo b s e r v a t i o n s , Ih a v er e f e r r e do f t e nt osm a l l f o u n d a t i o n s . Th eF o u n d a t i o nC e n t e rt e l l su st h a tt h e r ea r e a p p r o x im a t e l y2 5 , 0 0 0p r i v a t eg r a n t -m a k i n gf o u n d a t i o n si nt h i s c o u n t r y . Wh en t h ew o r d " f o u n d a t i o n ' !i sm e n t i o n e d , e v e nt ot h o se 6 �k n ow l e d g e a b l ei nt h ef i e l d ,t h ei n s t a n tr e a c t i o ni st ot h i n k b i g : F o r d ,R o c k e f e l l e r , J o h n s o n ,M e l l o n , K r e s g e , L i l l y ,t p e r h a p se v e nK e l l o g g . ~ T h e s ea r eh i g h l yv i s i b l ef o u n d a t i o n sw i t h l a r g ea s s e t s ,s u b s t a n t i a la n n u a le x p e n d i t u r e s ,p r o f e s s i o n a l s t a f f ,a n da n a t i o n a lo ri n t e r n a t i o n a ls p h e r eo fa c t i v i t y . B u tw e n e e dt or em i n do u r s e l v e st h a t9 0% o ft h ef o u n d a t i o n s-o r som e 2 2 , 5 0 0-h a v ea s s e t so fl e s st h a n$1 m i l l i o n . A tt h eo t h e r e n do ft h es i z es p e c t r um ,o n l y 38 h a v ea s s e t so f $100 mi l l i o n o rm o r e . W h i l e t h eb i gf ewm ay b et h em o s t n ew sw o r t h yi nv i ew o ft h em e d i a , t h e" q u i e tm a j o r i t y " o ft h ep r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n w o r l d a r econ ci ntio~ y p u r s u i n gt h e i rr e s p e c t i v ea n dd i v e r s e a c t i v i t i e si nt h e i ri n d i v i d u a lc omm u n i t i e s . And t ot h ep e o p l e o ft h o s ec omm u n i t i e s-l a r g ea n d sm a l l ,i ne v e r ys t a t e-a n d t ot h ep r i v a t ev o l u n t a r yo r g a n i z a t i o n sa n di n s t i t u t i o n sw h i c h s e r v el o c a ln e e d s ,t h em o d e s t c o n t r i b u t i o n so ft h e s eq u i e t f o u n d a t i o n sa r ev i t a li n d e e d . B u ti nt h epU b l i ca r e n a-e s p e c i a l l ya sp o l i c yd e c i s i o n s a r em ad e -t h eq u i e tm a j o r i t ya r en o t he a r d . I n d i v i d u a l l y t h e yh a v el i t t l e v o i c e ;e v e nc o l l e c t i v e l y ,i ncommon w i t h a l l f o u n d a t i o n s ,t h e yl a c kp o l i t i c a lc l o u t . U s u a l l y t h o s ewho a r el o o k e dt ot os p e a kf o rf o u n d a t i o n sa r ef r omt h ea t y p i c a l b i gf ew . Too o f t e nt h e ys p e a kf r omt h el im i t e dv a n t a g ep o i n t o ft h e i rp e r s o n a le x p e r i e n c eo rs i t u a t i o n ,w i t h o u tr e c o g n i z i n g o ra p p r e c i a t i n gt h a tt h e i rp o s i t i o nm ay n o tr e f l e c tt h ew i sdom 7 �o rb e s ti n t e r e s t so ft h ep r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o nf i e l da tl a r g e . To i t sg r e a tc r e d i t ,t h eC o u n c i lo nF o u n d a t i o n sa p p r e c i a t e s t h i sd i v e r s i t y among f o u n d a t i o n sa n di ni t sp u b l i cs t a t em e n t s a n dt e s t im o n yc o n s c i e n t i o u s l y~ ct t h eb r o a dr a n g eo f p r i v a t e found a t . : i .on i n t e r e s t s . On e s u c he x c e l l e n te x am p l ei s t h er e p o r tw h i c h t h eC o u n c i ls u bm i t t e dt ot h eF i l e rC omm i s s i o n f o ru s ei nt h e i rd e l i b e r a t i o n s . IV W h i l e t h i s wo rLd m ay h a v e t o d a y ' sf o u n d a t i o ni nt om o r r ow ' s c om p l e x i o n ,i t i ss h a r p l yb r i g h t e n e d b -y -twGr e a J :. z a F i r s t ,t h ea g e n d ao fp r e s s i n g hum an i s s u e sd e s e r v i n gt h e b e s te f f o r t so fb o t hp r i v a t ea n dp u b l i cr e s o u r c e si sl o n ga n d u r g e n t . I nr e c e n ty e a r s ,a sg o v e r nm e n th a sg rown e v e rl a r g e r a n dm o r e e n c om p a s s i n ga ta l ll e v e l s ,som eh a v es e e nt h ep u b l i c t a x s u p p o r t e ds e c t o ra st h eu l t im a t ea r c h i t e c ta n de n g i n e e r i na l lp r o g r am so fs o c i a lp u r p o s e . T h i sc o n t r a s t sw i t ht h e t e s t e dt r a d i t i o no ft h eAm e r i c a ne x p e r i e n c e-t h em u t u a l l y b e n e f i c i a lr e l a t i o n s h i p so fp u b l i ca n dp r i v a t ee n t e r p r i s ei n s e r v i n gt h eb e s ti n t e r e s t so fo u rn a t i o na n di t spe o p l e . B u tt h e r ei snow a g r ow i n g aw a r e n e s s among c u rc i t i z e n s t h a tb u r g e o n i n gg o v e r nm e n t a lp r o g r am sa n db u r e a u c r a c i e s ,e v e r g r e a t e ro u t p o u r i n g so fg o v e r nm e n t a lf u n d sa r en o tf u l f i l l i n g o u rn a t i o n ' sg o a l s . S im u l t a n e o u s l yi nt h ev o l u n t a r ys e c t o r , p r o g r am sa n dp r o f e s s i o n a l sa r eb e c om i n g mo r e s o p h i s t i c a t e d , 8 �I 1) 1 I ..... Qi " -]C - - .,., J \ �/2 r e s p o n d i n gi nmo r e a d e q u a t ew ay s t ot h ec om p l e xp r o b l em so f s o c i e t y . Th ev a r i e dt a l e n t so fv o l u n t e e r sa r eb e i n ge f f e c t i v e l y u t i l i z e di nmo r e s e n s i t i v ea n dv a l u a b l es e r v i c e sw h i c hm e e t hum an n e e d s . O f t e nw o r k i n g i nc o n c e r t ,p u b l i ca n dp r i v a t e e f f o r t s i nh e a l t hc a r e ,e d u c a t i o n ,l i b r a r i e s ,s e r v i c e sf o r t h ee l d e r l ya n dt h eh a n d i c a p p e d ,y o u t h s e r v i n go r g a n i z a t i o n s , c h u r c h r e l a t e da c t i v i t i e s ,s p e c i a ln e e d so fmi n o r i t i e s ,c u l t u r a l a r t s a r eb e t t e rm e e t i n g hum an n e e d st h a nc o u l de i t h e ra l o n e . V o l u n t a r yg i v i n g-o ft im e ,t a l e n t ,mon ey -w i l lc o n t i n u e t ob ea n im p o r t a n ti n g r e d i e n ti nt h eb e t t e rm e n to ft h ehum an c o n d i t i o n ,e n h a n c i n gr e c i p i e n ta r .d g i v e ra l i k e . Common s e n s et e l l su st h a tt h ef u t u r ew i l lb ee v e nmo r e d em a n d i n go fi n d i v i d u a l sa n di n s t i t u t i o n st h a nt h ep a s t . I n t h es p i r i to ft h i sc o n f e r e n c e ,t h eb e s to fb o t ht h ep r i v a t e a n dt h ep u b l i cw i l lb er e q u i r e d . H o p e f u l l yp r i v a t ei n i t i a t i v e a n dv o l u n t a r ye f f o r tw i l lb ep e rm i t t e da n d -e n c o u r a g e dt op l a y am a j o r a n da p p r o p r i a t er o l ei nt h ef u t u r ea si nt h ep a s t . S e c o n d , t h o u g hc e r t a i np r o v i s i o n so f TRA -69 a r ep r o v i n g c o u n t e r p r o d u c t i v et ot h eb e s ti n t e r e s t so fs o c i e t yby im p a c t i n gn e g a t i v e l y on p h i l a n t h r o p y ,t h el awc a nb em o d i f i e d . E x p e r i e n c e ove r ~ p a s ts i xy e a r sp r o v i d e sa b a s i sf o rc a r e - f u lr e v i ewa n dr e v i s i o nt h r o u g ht h eC o n g r e s s i o n a lp r o c e s s . U n h a p p i l y , t od a t ei nt h ec r ow d e da g e n d ao fp r i o r i t i e s c o n f r o n t i n gC o n g r e s s , t h es u b j e c to ft a xr e f o rmh a sr e c e i v e d s c a n ta t t e n t i o n . And wh en t a xm a t t e r s a r ea d d r e s s e d ,t h e 9 �concerns of philanthropy have not ranked high. Hopefully, concerted effort by such as the group assembled here will result in further consideration of these matters by Congress. I would emphasize that my concern rests not alone with private foundations, but with all policy issues and laws which bear on the private nonprofit sector. For example, we must be vigilant that further damage is not done through changes which could· negatively affect charitable giving by altering the charitable deduction or discouraging gifts of appreciated assets. One hoped-for objective of the Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs i.s to stimulate a systematic rethinking by the American people of the role of the privat.e nonprofit sector. The analyses and recon@endations of the Commission provide useful and stimulating insight and can serve as the basis for reappraisal, not only at the national level but at the grass roots. The challenge to the group here assembled is to help this happen across the land. Let's not miss this opportunity! In summary, if private foundations are to be an important part of tomorrow's world, serious thought should be given to the following: 1. The provisions of TRA-69 which impact negatively and discriminate against private foundations should be modified. As recommended by the Council on Foundations in their report to the Filer Comrnission, there should be a reduction of the 4% 10 �e x c i s et a x ,w h i c hd i v e r t s mon ey f r omd o n e e s ;a na d j u s tm e n to f t h er e q u i r e da n n u a lp a y o u t ;r em o v u lo fs p e c i a ll im i t a t i o n son g i f t st of o u n d a t i o n s ; u ~ nt i nc e r t a i nd i v e s t i t u r er e - q u i r em e n t s ;a n da ne a s i n go fc e r t a i np r o g r am r e s t r i c t i o n s . 2 . D i v e r s i t y among p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n ss h o u l db ep r e s e r v e da n de n c o u r a g e d . F o r t u n a t e l y ,a l ldo n o th a v et h es am e p u r p o s e s ,a r e a so fi n t e r e s t ,s t y l eo fo p e r a t i o n ,o rs p h e r eo f a c t i v i t y . S u c hv a r i e t y ,w i t hr e s p o n s i b l es t ew a r d s h i pby c o n s c i e n t i o u st r u s t e e sa n dm a n a g e r s a n dw i t ha p p r o p r i a t e s u p e r v i s i o ni nt h ep u b l i ci n t e r e s t ,s e r v e sd o n e e sa n ds o c i e t y a sw e l l . C e r t a i n l yp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n sm u s t b er e s p o n s i v et o t h ei s s u e sa n dn ee d si d e n t i f i e di nt h eDon e e G roup r e p o r tt ot h e F i l e r Comm i s s ion a n dp r e s e n t e di nt h ep a n e l on W e d n e s d a y , b u t t h e s ea r e a so fa t t e n t i o ns h o u l dn o tb ee x c l u s i v e . O t h e re l i g i b l e d o n e eg r o u p s ,d e s c r i b e dby som e 3S t i~ion -t h eU n i t e d W ay , t h eBoy S c o u t s ,4 -H ,t h esymphony ,h o s p i t a l sa n d hom e sf o r t h ee l d e r l y ,c o l l e g e sa n du n i v e r s i t i e s ,b o t hp u b l i ca n dp r i v a t e s h o u l dn o tb ed e n i e dc o n t i n u i n gp r i v a t es u s t e n a n c e . 3 . C o n s t r a i n t sa n dr e g u l a t i o n ,w h e t he rb yg o v e r nm e n t a l e d i c to rs e l f im p o s e db yt h ef i e l d ,s h o u l db ek e p tt oa m in imum . A g a i n a s s um i n gr e s p o n s i b l es t ew a r d s h i pa n da p p r o p r i a t es u p e r v i s i o n ,p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n ss h o u l dn o tb ef u r t h e rb u r d e n e dw i t h s t i f l i n gr e g u l a t i o n s ,b u r e a u c r a t i cp r o c e d u r e s ,u n e n d i n gc a v e a t s . 4 . F i n a l l y ,v o l u n t a r yg i v i n g w h e t h e ro ft im eo rt a l e n t o rmon ey a n d by w h a t e v e r me a n s-i sa f r a g i l ehum an a c t i o n , 1 1 �ep e r s o n s u b j e c tt oc a r e f u ln u r t u r i n gb u te a s i l yt u r n e do f f . Th o fm e an s who c omm i t sr e s o u r c e st oa p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o nd o e ss o v o l u n t a r i l y ,i r r e v o c a b l ya n dc om p l e t e l y-100 p e r c e n t ,b e y o n d a n yr a t eo ft a x a t i o n . F u r t he r ,t h o s ef u n d sc a nt h e nb ee x p e n d e do n l yi na c c o r d a n c ew i t ht h et a xl aw ,u n d e r IRS s u p e r v i s i o n ,a n do n l yf o rp u r p o s e sa n dt oo r g a n i z a t i o n sa n d i n s t i t u t i o n sd e s i g n a t e db yC o n g r e s sa sb e i n ge d u c a t i o n a l , c h a r i t a b l ea n di nt h ep u b l i ci n t e r e s t . To g of a rb e y o n dt h i s i np r e s c r i b i n gi s s u e st ob ea d d r e s s e d ,c l i e n t e l et ob es e r v e d , p r o c e d u r e sa n dp o l i c i e sw i l l be c o u n t e rt ot h ei n t e r e s t so f av i t a lp r i v a t es e c t o r . C e n t r a l i z e dd i c t a t i o nw i l ls e r v eo n l y t of u r t h e rd e p l e t et h ep h i l a n t h r o p i cr e s e r v o i r . V Th er e s o u r c e so fp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n sa r esm a l li nr e l a t i o n t on e e d . B u tu t i l i z e dw i s e l y , t h e yp l a y ad i s t i n c t i v er o l e , o f t e nc r i t i c a la n dc a t a l y t i c ,i np r o v i d i n gf o re x p e r im e n t a t i o n , r e d i r e c t i o n ,e x p l o r a t i o n ,s e r v i c e. . . .a n dt h e r e b yc o n t r i b u t e t ob e t t e rm e n to ft h e i~ n c o n d i t i o n . I nc o n c e r tw i t ht h ep u b l i cs e c t o r ,p r i v a t ei n i t i a t i v ei s v i t a lt of u r t h e rp r o g r e s si nf u l f i l lm e n to ft h eAm e r i c a nd r e am . P r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n s ,o n c ea na p p a r e n t l yse c u r ep a r to fp h i l a n t h r o p y , a r enow a ne n d a n g e r e ds p e c i e s . I ft h e ya r et ob ea v i t a lp a r t o fp r i v a t ee f f o r ti nt h ef u t u r ea si nt h ep a s t ,t h e ym u s t h a v e t h eu n d e r s t a n d i n g ,s u p p o r t ,a n dh e l po fot~ who f e e la s do w e t h a tp r i v a t ev o l u n t a r ye f f o r ti sim p o r t a n t . O u r sm u s t b ea r e a f f i rm a t i o no ft h ei n d i v i d u a la n dt h ev o l u n t a r y ,t h a tt h e g r e a t e s tnumb e rm ay b e n e f i ta n dt h eh i g h e s tg o a l sb es e r v e d . 12 -- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1976-02-25_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the Conference of Michigan Foundations Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 25, 1976 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation to discuss the importance and the role of private foundations in their community. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-02-25 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0b7f8604739fb4a1fe0bda18df37f38f.pdf a2be1e2009c7644844175047f6ffe37a PDF Text Text PRESS CONFERENCE TO ANNOUNCE FUNDING OF THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY FOUNDATION YOUTH PRUJECT Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby Chairman of the Board and CEO W. K. Kellogg Foundation February 26, 1991 Governor Engler, Mrs. Hooker, Mrs. Johnson, Mrs. Noland, (add name of student when known) Ladies and Gentlemen, it is a great pleasure for me to be here today, It is my pleasant task to share some very exciting news with you. to announce that will build communities across will raise millions of dollars for youth projects young leaders to an the launching of an initiative the state -- an initiative that for chari table purposes, initiative volunteer for especially that will mobilize activities that will scores improve of the lives of others. Last Thursday, the board of trustees of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation approved one history. The Council of Michigan Foundations will be the recipient of a called of five-year, "The the largest $35 million Michigan grants grant Community to in our direct Foundation Foundation's an initiative 6l-year to be Youth Project." This in volunteerism and project will have four goals: 1. To give youth philanthropy. hands-on experience �2. To challenge Michigan's network of conununity foundations to build their endowments so that they will be prepared to meet the needs of the future. 3. To use a substantial portion of the endowment income to support projects to improve the well-being of youth. 4. To bring the services of conununity foundations to areas of the state that are currently unserved. The Council of Michigan administer this project. foundations and is admirably suited to Founded in 1972, CMF is an association of corporate charitable purposes. Foundations giving programs that make grants for Its 275 members include 37 Michigan conununity foundations, and these are the organizations that will be challenged to raise and distribute resources for community betterment. The Communi ty Michigan following way. challenges $1,000,000. Youth Project will work in the Communi ty Foundations will be encouraged to accept ranging from a minimum of $10,000 to a maximUJll of The con~unity foundations must raise $2 for every $1 of the challenge. be used Foundation The challenge money from the Kellogg Foundation must to endow youth funds, but the money raised for match can be used for any charitable purpose. 2 the local �Fully $33,000,000 of the Foundation's challenges. so with the local matches, a be to raised foundations. strengthen the grant will be used for total of $99,000,000 will endowments of Michigan's Community The remaining $2 million of the grant will pay for the project administration and for technical assistance that the Council will provide to participating community foundations. Meeting these challenges will strengthen existing community foundations, and it is our expectation that the challenges will also provide the incentive for many communities -- as many as 15-20 -- to establish a community foundation. of the largest and strongest the nation, end of Although Michigan already has one networks of there are s till many areas community foundations that are unserved. in By the this five-year project, it is our hope that every county in the state will benefit from some level of service from a community foundation. But the most important aspect of Youth Project resources: is our its focus young the Michigan Community Foundation on that people. most Each precious of Michigan's participating community foundation must form a youth committee with at least 50 percent of its members lead in under the assessing challenges, and most age of community 21. These needs, importantly, committees will raising to meet in making recommendations community foundation board fo r youth grantmaking. 3 money take to the the the �This project, therefore, will prepare a generation of youngsters for leadership in philanthropy and volunteerism by giving them practical experience in fundraising, and in the wise stewardship of charitable funds. that It will bring community foundations are currently unserved, and will to areas increase the of the state resources of existing community foundations, especially in the field of youth. The Kellogg themselves. Foundation This Council for was purpose this project. established is reflected to in help this people grant made all Michigan communi ty givers. local citizens foundations. It level confident, will. to And in short, cope help to the It will place resources in the hands of I t will local leaders, who know best how to solve local problems. bring to with wi thin it will develop the the service turn youth leaders and vexing problems to paraphrase Winston Churchill, leaders the tools, they will finish the job. Thank you very much. 093lw 4 areas that of into Michigan doers resources we face. and at the We are if we give local � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1991-02-26_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the Press Conference to Announce Funding of the Michigan Community Foundation Youth Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 26, 1991 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the press conference to announce funding of the Michigan Community Foundation Youth Project. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Youth Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-02-26 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3e01ab2e54292ec88894090ad8312499.pdf e6acb6372f49b1437fd5c9e526197dc8 PDF Text Text Notes from RGM's Comments at . Dinner of the Am . 75th Annlversary e r l c an Ryd Cro a a, Fe~ruary 2 2 .J.Stouft.g.r oHo~l:7 Ellzabet e Gue~tn.,pe a k er- ~ , D • ~ / 0 ~L ~ ~~ 0- ~ '1 ~~~ - rlf S~ ~eP{ .~ c" J .Ceo ~ ~ ~~~e.-- �F e b r u a r y2 3 , 1992 F o d d e rf o rRu s sM awby f o ra l o o kb a c ki nh i s t o r y 75 y e a r s a g o. . . F e b .2 7 , 1917. . . t os e ew h a tw a s i nt h en ew s on t h a t d a t e . r-R ; l f }\ 9 \ 1 H e r ea r esom e of t h eh e a d li n e sf r o m -t h eFe b of t h eB a t t l eC r e e k Enqu irer. a n n e r on p a g e on er e a d , "T o r p e d o i n go fL a c o n i aW i t h k The b Am e r i c a n sM ay B e Long F e a r e d 'O v e r tA c t .' " ~e ~a L a c o n i a ,o n eo ft h el a r g e s tt r a n s -A t l a n t i cs t e am s h i p s , s u n kw i t h o u tw a r n i n gb yG e rm an t o r p e d o e s . I na r e l a t e dp a g eo n es t o r y ,P r e s i d e n t Wood row W i l s o n a s k e d f o rt h ea u t h o r i t yt op u tt h eU n i t e dS t a t e si na rm e d n e u t r a l i t ys t a t u st og i v eh im t h ep ow e rt oa rm Am e r i c a n m e r c h a n t s h i p sw i t hg u n sa n dg u n n e r st oc om b a tt h eG e rm an s u bm a r i n em e n a c e . ~ C o n g r e s s C l o s et ohom e ,ac r a c kAm e r i c a np a s s e n g e rt r a i n ,t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a lL im i t e d ,l o s ti t so b s e r v a t i o nc a ro f ft h e t r a c k st h r e em i l e s o u t s i d eo fB a t t l eC r e e k . P a s s e n g e r sw e r e s h o o ku p ,t h et r a i nw a s d e l a y e d ,b u tt h e r ew e r e no i n j u r i e s . F e d e r a lr e l i e fi nt h en a t i o n a lf o o ds i t u a t i o nw a s b e i n g f o c u s e du p o nt og i v et h eP r e s i d e n ta d e q u a t em o n i e s t oa s s i s t l o c a la u t h o r i t i e si nf u r n i s h i n gf o o da n dc l o t h i n gt op e r s o n s s u f f e r i n gw i t h o u ts am e . A l s o on p a g eo n ew a s as t o r yw i t ht h eh e a d l i n e. . . L u n a t i c B i t e sP e o p l e . A1 0 y e a r o l db o y ,b e l i e v e dt ob em e n t a l l y u n b a l a n c e d ,w e n tb e r s e r ki nf r o n to fa H o u g h t o n , M i c h i g a n p u b l i cs c h o o la n db i tt h r e es t u d e n t sd u r i n gt h enoon r e c e s s b e f o r eh ew a s s u b d u e d . n a ~o o n eo ft el e a ds t o r i e sw a s h e a d e d , "F o u r D o c t o r s ap ya rown e, e u r n. " Th el o c a lp h y s i c i a n s a db e n u~rr a n sh i n gg u e sso ft h es u p e r i n t e n d e n to f t h eP o s t um C e r e a l Comp any h e r ea th i sF l o r i d ar e t r e a t . ~ T h e r ew e r e l o t so fn ew sb r i e f son p a g e twoa n db e y o n do fa p e r s o n a ln a t u r el i k e . . . "D ew eyHub e ro fD e t r o i ti st h eg u e s t o fM r . a n dM r s . H e n r yA l l e no fL a t h r o pA v e n u e . " A l s o on p a g e twot h eB e n t l y Sho e Co . w a s a d v e r t i s i n ga ~ ba s em e n ts a l eo f wom en ' s s h o e sf o ra sl i t t l e a s$ 1 . 9 8 ,$ 2 . 4 8 a n d$ 2 . 9 8 . �P a g e2 ,F o d d e rf o rRu s sM awby a tR ed C r o s sa n n i v e r s a r y ~ Th e O ld N a t i o n a l B ank o fB a t t l eC r e e ka d v e r t i s e da 4% compound i n t e r e s tr a t eon s a v i n g s . t i A nu t r i t i o nco lumn on t h ee d i t o r i a lp a g et a l k e da b o u tt h e m any h e a l t hp l u s e sf romd r i n k i n gm i l k . ~ A 7 p i e c eb e d r o om f u r n i t u r es u i t ew a s p r i c e da t$ 1 4 9 . And b r a s s4 p o s t e rb e d sw e r eo f f e r e df rom$ 1 5 . 7 5t o$ 4 0 . ~ A b r i e fs t o r yn o t e dt h a ta u t or e g i s t r a t i o n sw e r e up i nt h e s t a t ea n ds h o u l dt o t a l2 0 0 , 0 0 0 by y e a r e n d . ~ A t t h et o po fp a g e5 t h er e a d e rw a s g r e e t e db ya na df o r B e e c h um ' sP i l l s . " I fyou w a n th e a l t h , "t h ec o p yr e a d s ," y o u c a nh a v ei t b yh e e d i n gn a t u r e ' sl aw s . K e ep t h es t om a c h s t r o n g ,t h el i v e ra c t i v e ,t h eb l o o dp u r ea n dt h eb ow e l s r e g u l a r ,a n dy o uw i l ls e l d omb es i c k . T ak eg o o dc a r eo f t h e s eo r g a n s ,a n da tt h ef i r s ts i g no fa n y t h i n gw r o n g , t a k e B e e c h um ' sP i l l s . " A n o t h e rs h o r tp i e c ew a s h e a d e d , "C l o t h i n gF u r n i s h e dM any " a n dt o l do f 92 c h i l d r e nwho w e r ea b l et oa t t e n ds c h o o l , b e c a u s et h e yh a dr e c e i v e dc l o t h i n gf r omt h eC h a r i t a b l e U n i o n . ~ A n i n s i d ep i e c en o t e dt h a ti t h ad b e e ns u g g e s t e dt oc i t y a u t h o r i t i e st h a tv a c a n tl o t s· a round B a t t l eC r e e kb el i s t e d a n dt h a tn e g o t i a t i o n sb eo p e n e df o rm en t og row p o t a t o e s on t h e s el o t st oh e l pc om b a tt h ef o o ds h o r t a g e . ¥ On thethea t e rp a g e , Th ed aB a r aw a s s t a r r i n gi n"Th eT i g e r Wom an " a tt h eS t r a n dT h e a t e r down town . A dm i s s i o np r i c e s w e r e 15 c e n t sf o rt h em a in f l o o ra n d 25 c e n t sf o rt h e m e z z a n i n e . lo ts ~ -- a ~e a l t h . ~r~e~.: . .r.ou~- t h ep aR e r . ~ f o t r ow s. . . "Wom en s u f f e r e r sn e e d Sw am R o o t f o rk i d n e ya n db l a d d e rt r o u b l e . " . ~ ~ ~ t h e r e~ en w a s aR ed C r o s ss t o r y . Th eh e a d l i n e ~a n n o u n c e dt h a ta R ed C r o s ss e a ts a l ew a s b e i n gh e l da tt h e P o s tT h e a t e r . I tw a s aR ed C r o s sb e n e f i tt oh e l pf i n a n c e t h eb r a n dn ew c h a p t e r ' s r g a n i z a t i o n a lw o r k . Th ep r o g r am w a s t of e a t u r ea p i l o t t ~t e F r e n c hA v i a t i o nS e r v i c e ,t h e s i n g i n go fp a t r i o t i cs o n g sa n da na d d r e s sb yt h ep r e s i d e n t o ft h ec e n t r a ld i s t r i c to ft h eR ed C r o s ss o c i e t y . S e a t s w e r ep r i c e da t35 c e n t sd ow n s t a i r s , 25 c e n t su p s t a i r sa n d5 0 c e n t sf o rb o x e s . �P a g e3 , ~sala r l y , inc l a s s i f i e d ,o n er e a le s t a t ea dl i s t e dh o u s e sf o r ea t$ 1 , 0 0 0t o$ 5 , 2 0 0 ,w h i l e al a r g eb u s i n e s sb l o c ko n 1 - M a in S t r e e tw a s a v a i l a b l ef o r$ 4 5 , 0 0 0 . P r i c e sw e r e r o c kb o t t om c om p a r e dt op r e s e n td a yc o s t s ,b u t o t h e rw i s em any o ft h es am ep r o b l em st h a te x i s tt o d a yw e r e r e a r i n gt h e i rh e a d s 75 y e a r sa g o. . . i n t e r n a t i o n a lt e n s i o n s , p o v e r t y ,s t a r v a t i o n ,t r a n s p o r t a t i o nm i s h a p s ~n llne . ~ ~ i ~r ~ t a~ e t=> ~ Gon. t . in .u . . . EL t o . . s e -FV ~~~ lt~ou ~ h e c e t l f t t y .w . e l l . L ~ ~ ..... ~ . - ~::: n e e da n y t h i n gf u r t h e r ,c a l lm ea t Bob Mt l e r , J r . ) ~. ~ - /t h6 - e . .J d . .9 Cr O t RL ~l e r l c a n e o s s ~ Ion t h el o c a l cene~ ~~~ ln n c o . ni ~ o g e an ~ ~ t ' b l Thr h tr o u g o u ed lm e s , l~e h a sb e e na b e a c o ni nt h e .~ ~~ -7 ~ P � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1992-02-27_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech at the 75th Anniversary Dinner of the American Red Cross Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 27, 1992 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the 75th Anniversary Dinner of the American Red Cross. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Health Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-02-27 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d97bf9a5c2d3da0ec101d85c2188f83d.pdf b53e0bce9339264ea3675a14bf1aadaf PDF Text Text .. " The Privilege of Stewardship Russell G. Mawby Chairman and Chief Executive Officer W.K. Kellogg Foundation Battle Creek, Michigan Remarks made before the Economic Club ofDetroit February 27,1995 �I am delighted to be with you today. I regard it as an honor and a privilege to be able to visit with you, and I thank you for the invitation and this opportunity to be together. When Jerry Warren asked if I would address the Economic Club of Detroit, I wondered: What could a former fruit farmer from outside ofGrand Rapids have to say to such a distinguished group of people as are gathered here? It's good to be with a lot of old friends and relationships developed through the years, and to make a lot of new acquaintances because of our common interests, our common concerns, our common objectives. I wanted to visit with you about some very important issues affecting all of us here individually and collectively, no matter what role you play. All of us know that there are three major sectors of American society. There is the for-profit sector. There's the public or governmental sector. And there is the nonprofit sector, or what some people like to call the third sector. We all are interrelated. The for-profit sector is the engine, if you will. It 's business and industry, it's the economic force, it's the creator of wealth, it's the generator of it all. And when the for-profit sector does well, the other two sectors do well, too. And when the for-profit sector does poorly, the other two sectors are stressed and constrained. So business and industry is a very important sector that we all need to recognize and appreciate in American Society. The second, of course, is government - RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit the public sector. �Agencies are represented here, and they play important roles for government that are supported by tax revenue. There are very important roles for government to play at all levels to serve the needs of society in appropriate ways. The third, of course, is nonprofit sector, sometimes described as the third sector. It is so multifaceted, so diverse. Some call it the independent sector. It may be independent, but it also is very interrelated to the other two. We know the importance of the organizations, the institutions, the agencies, and the programs that are implied in this important part of society. All you have to do is look around your community, in Detroit, in Wayne County. Throughout Michigan. Most of the quality of life, in fact, is a contribution of the nonprofit sector. Yes, it's important that we have the services-of government. And then it's important that we have responsive and socially responsible business and industry and jobs. But as we think about life as it is lived every day, we think about church, about human services, the recreational opportunities for youth, programs for ' individuals who are troubled, who are in real need, and think about the cultural richness of the community. All of those are contributions of the nonprofit sector, of the various organizations which comprise this important third sector, if you please, of the American way of life. We immediately see that they are all interrelated and they are all interdependent. RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 2 �Most nonprofit organizations get funds from the for-profit sector either directly or through salaries that you and I earn, and then contribute. We get resources for most of our nonprofit organizations and their programs from the public sector. So there is a great interrelationship in many organizations of a combination of public and private resources. Then, of course, there is the contribution of time and talent, not to be underestimated and somehow priceless because much of the caring and much of the compassion of the nonprofit sector is provided by volunteers. People who care enough that they give and give selflessly of themselves in a variety of ways. We've got all of these areas coming together to serve people in their respective and very special ways. So, I am just going to share some thoughts, briefly, as Russ Mawby, about the awesome responsibilities, and the challenges, facing our areas. One of those great responsibilities is what I like to call "The Privilege of Stewardship." More than anyone else, you recognize the demanding responsibilities and challenges of determining how best to invest your limited resources to meet the needs of people, communities, and institutions that serve them. I believe that all of us are "stewards." Stewards of the mission, philosophy, approaches, and resources we have been entrusted and allowed to guide. It does not matter who we are, or where we live or work. RGM Speech /Econom ic Club of Detroit 3 �To my mind, stewardship encompasses many things. It is having an integrity to the vision of the person who made it all possible. It is a matter of trust and wisdom. And it is a relationship, whereby we are charged with the wise and beneficial placement of a portion of the assets and resources with which we have been entrusted, so that they maximize public benefit today, and ensure the survival and growth of those assets in order to meet the public needs of future generations. For me , as chief executive office of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, it indeed has been the greatest privilege to join in the stewardship of the vision and the legacy of the person who made it all possible. Will Keith Kellogg was an ingenious, hard-working entrepreneur. A social innovator. An internationalist. A visionary. Above all, he was a good steward. Mr. Kellogg was one of this century's great movers of ideas and shakers of tradition. He cared about people, both at the cereal company he started in 1906, and the Foundation he established in 1930 . Few would argue over his business abilities. But with both his Company and his Foundation, Mr. Kellogg was willing to take risks. To many of his peers, Mr. Kellogg may have seemed a paradoxseemingly stingy to family and close friends, yet generous to others less fortunate. As his wealth grew from the cereal company, Mr. Kellogg realized years later what his efforts had brought him: "It is my hope that the property that RGM SpeechlE conom ic Club of Detroit 4 �kind Providence has brought me may by helpful to many others, and that I may be found a faithful steward." This led to the creation of his Foundation. To say that Mr. Kellogg, his life's achievements, and his legacy are farreaching would be to understate the impact that this one man has had. He was deeply concerned about the welfare and well-being of all youth. In fact, the Foundation was started as the W.K. Kellogg Child Welfare Foundation, and shortly thereafter renamed the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Its initial focus was launching the Michigan Community Health Project. This was a pioneering effort in seven southwest Michigan communities to demonstrate that the family's health, educational opportunities, and general standard of living could be enhanced through public health services, childhood medical screening and care. In addition, programs were started to strengthen school leadership, expand library services, and assist in general community development. Importantly, one of the major outcomes of this initiative was the formation of the first rural consolidated high schools in the country. In later years, as we moved from operating a program to making grants, the Kellogg Foundation expanded its horizons globally, much as Mr. Kellogg had done with his cereal company. In the 1940s, the Kellogg Foundation began supporting community development efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean. After World War II, we contributed to efforts in different areas of Europe, Canada, and RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 5 �Australia. As those countries progressed, the Kellogg Foundation looked toward other parts of the world where we might be able to help. After a comprehensive review, we decided in the mid-1980s that one area that desperately needed assistance was southern Africa, which as you all know was in the throes of trying to shread apartheid. As businesses were being pressured to pull out of South Africa, we believed that investing in the people and organizations who would lead the new South Africa would be the best way to help people to help themselves. In other parts of the world, the Kellogg Foundation made a substantial grant to help launch the International Youth Foundation, which is working to spread philanthropy in an effort to help young people worldwide in Poland, other eastern block countries, Latin America, and Africa. One of the many things that sets the Kellogg Foundation apart from other organizations its size are the provisions Mr. Kellogg set for his Board of Trustees. First, that we have a Board of Trustees that meets monthly. We're the only major Foundation that has a Board of Trustees that meets 12 times a year. This means that you won't find Who's Who kind of names on the Board. But you will find people like Jonathan Walton and Howard Sims, both from the Detroit area. They're just great people, and contribute so much to the Kellogg Foundation. I'm pleased that Howard could be with us today , while Jon is making site visits to many of our projects in southern Africa. It's marvelous that they are on our Board. RGM S peec h/Economic Club o f Detro it 6 �They and the six other trustees are what I like to call civic statespersons. They're women and men who are active in society. They're successful in their own profession, career, and personal life - and they're involved in communities. They're on the college board, the hospital board, the United Way Board, the Symphony board, and community and state boards. They teach Sunday schools, they're involved in the community, they're involved in society. And so they bring to their responsibilities as trustees that kind of perspective. Just earlier this month, the 777th meeting of the Foundation's Board of Trustees was held in Battle Creek. Again, we had 100 percent attendance. The second proviso that shapes the Kellogg Foundation is that those monthly meetings be held in Battle Creek. We cherish the fact that we live and work in a small, "shirt-sleeve," Midwestern town, with all the values and all of the characteristics that those descriptors suggest. We're different than many other organizations because we're in Battle Creek. Like you, all of us are involved in the community - we teach Sunday school , we're involved in our schools, we're involved in groups that are helping others. We're active. All of us. Staying connected to where life is lived, and that allows us to take risks. One of the questions many people ask is: How are the Kellogg Company and the Kellogg Foundation connected? RGM SpeechlEconomic Club of Detroit 7 �Because of Mr. Kellogg's foresight, the Foundation and the Company are totally separate entitities. He was a very wise man, and he made it very clear that in no way would the Company ever use the Foundation and its grantmaking activities to benefit the Company, nor in any way would there be any relationship between the grantmaking activities of the Foundation which might benefit the purposes of the Company. He clearly wanted those differences, but he also recognized the inevitable relationship since the Foundation would benefit from the dividends of stock in the Company. And so there is that interrelationship of this philanthropic purpose with the business enterprise. The Foundation is entering an exciting new era. With my upcoming retirement as Chairman and Chief Executive Offic er, we have much to look forward to. . ,,-. After a lengthy search by our Board , the Kellogg Foundation whole state - indeed, our is extremely fortunate to have William Richardson, president of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, as my successor. What a tremendous coup for the Foundation and Michigan. I am delighted that Bill will be coming to the Foundation August. Bill has been involved with the Foundation in different ways for many years. He has served as an adviser. He's been a Kellogg Fellow. And now, as president of Johns Hopkins University, he is a grantee in our Community-Based Public Health initiative. RGM Speech/Econom ic Club of Detroit 8 �He brings a wealth of experience in many areas, wonderful character, and a grounded sense of the importance that people are best able to solve their own problems. I believe Bill Richardson is someone who will strive to hold true to the vision, philosphy, and principles of the Foundation's founder, and will do a super job helping to lead the Foundation into the next century. That philosophy has guided the Foundation for 65 years, and has made it possible to be able to work with creative, innovative people in places like Detroit, Wayne County, and Michigan, and so many other areas around the world. We can see in so many places the impact that one man has had. As Mr. Kellogg believed, "Education offers the greatest opportunity for really improving one generation over another." The Kellogg Foundation's relationship with Detroit and Wayne County goes all the way back to 1933, when we made a grant to the Detroit Department of Health for the development and promotion of clinical services. In the early years, our grantmaking focused on community-based health care, experientialleaming, and the computerization of libraries. Throughout our history of programming in the Detroit and Wayne County, the Foundation has invested more than $53 million (approximately $37 million in the past six years). RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 9 �We've had the privilege of working with so many talented people and worthy enterprises: Joy of Jesus Project Hope Wayne State University The Community Foundation of Southeastern Michigan Another major initiative the Kellogg Foundation has been privileged to be associated with over the past six years is the Kellogg Youth Initiatives Program, or KYIP. You may have heard of this ambitous, long-term venture, whereby the Kellogg Foundation has become a partner with the citizens of the Northern High School area for more than six years ... KYIP is working with citizens to look at their community and all of the influences that impact the development of the individual from prebirth through adolescence to young adulthood. When you start looking at that, you see there are all kinds of factors. There are concerns with neighborhoods and with families, concerns with schools, with formal and informal learning opportunities and experiences ... and on and on the list goes . But ultimately, it's to look at helping to make a community like the Northern High School area a better place in which to be born and grow up. RGM Sp eech/E conom ic Club of Detroit 10 �That's a lot tougher to do than simply helping an organization like the Girl Scouts, or the Y Center, meet a specific kind of need of a specific client group in a certain circumstance. We want to continue to support these kinds of activities. But when you're trying to take all of the best practices from wherever you may gather them and bring them into an area like Northern, that challenge becomes great. Programs like KYJP are a much greater challenge risk - and a much greater than simply making an award to a noble program idea. That kind of approach - that kind of risk-taking - is critically important if we are to be the kind of stewards that we, our predecessors, and society expect of us. This is an important role for foundations and many other nonprofit groups. However, as you all know , what we all in the third sector can contribute to helping people is far outweighed by the resources others can bring to bear. In Michigan, there are nearly 1,200 foundations (private, corporate, and community) that have assets totaling more than $12.3 billion. Together, they make charitable distributions of more than $745 million. In your area alone (southeastern Michigan) reside more than half of those organizations (596), with assets totaling $5 billion and charitable distributions of $283 million. This is a very impressive presence, and I know we all appreciate what Michigan foundations contribute. RGM Speec hlEcon om ic Club of Delro il II �However, what philanthropy and others in the third sector can contribute is small in relation to the size of the problems and concerns facing society. Let me offer you just one illustration. In Michigan, the Department of Social Services (DSS) agency - a vast state tries to meet the needs of thousands of less-fortunate people. Now, if you take their budget, which is roughly $7.4 billion, and average it out over the number of work days in the year, they're spending more $.J.,h- ~ million a day. Imagine that! And just for comparison purposes, let's take a look at what an organization like the Kellogg Foundation dispurses . Last year, we madde about $266 million in charitable contributions. If made grants at the same pace (rate) that DSS did, we'd be in business for: nine (9) days, two (2) hours, and 48 minutes. I think this example helps to illustrate the critical balance and differences between what the three sectors can contribute, and the underlying relationships among them. Our society would not look anything like it does without this "three-legged stool." But we see some troubling challenges facing foundations and other nonprofits. One of the greatest concerns facing philanthropy, indeed everyone in the third sector, is the desire by some to shift the burden of many of society's support systems, and who is responsible for them , from the federal RGM Spee chlEconom ic Club o f Detro it 12 t:.J, �government to the states, and then to local governments. In some cases, people are calling for privatizing some services. I am deeply concerned about the desire of some people to shift the responsibility and control in addressing societal issues to the states and local communities. For more than six decades - from the "progressive era" at the tum of the century to the late 1960s, and particularly beginning with the "New Deal" in the 1930s - the federal government took an ever-increasing part in meeting the needs of the American people. Since the early 1970s, that trend was first slowed, then seemed to reverse. Increasingly, states and localities are being called upon to deliver services and provide benefits to people at the community level. This fact poses problems for all states and localities, especially communities like Detroit. This puts pressure on the tax system, especially, to raise revenues to cover increased state and local expenditures. A desirable consequence is that more problems are being identified and dealt with closer to home, and, as we all know so well, the answers usually lie not in the dollars alone, but in the increased commitment and involvement of people who care. Again, opportunities for private sector initiatives are obvious: there is desperate need to become more efficient and more effective in using limited resources and in mobilizing local leadership. RGM Sp eech/E conomic Club o f Detroit 13 �There has been a great deal of rhetoric, especially in the last few years, about public/private collaborations. Such collaboration between is private philanthropy and businesses with public institutions and programs is going on in all of our communities, to the advantage of all. The best observations tend to be at the community level - in education, child care and child abuse prevention, substance abuse, independent living for the elderly, intergenerational initiatives, the cultural and performing arts, and a host of other examples. A concern I would share with you is that, unless we are careful in such collaborative efforts, they will, in a sense, be one-way. Public officials are eager to mobilize and direct private resources to "their chosen objectives." They are not always as eager to be helpful to private philanthropy in addressing such concerns as increasing the resources for philanthropic purposes. I think our continuing approach should be to be cooperative with public institutions and organizations, but to be cautious and not to be coerced. The problems of concern to society tend to be complex, multidisciplinary, overarching, penetrating, and permeating. Each of us can make our own list - poverty, K-12 and higher education, health care, home care for the elderly, water quality, food systems, environmental quality, job generation, and others. To the contrary, the solutions most often devised to address such issues tend to be narrow, discipline- or profession-oriented and biased, simplistic, and RGM SpeechlEconomic Club of Detroit 14 �inadequate for the task. A major contribution of philanthropy in addressing societal needs can be to encourage and demonstrate programs which are comprehensive, collaborative, and provide continuity. We as a society, through our communities, institutions, and organizations, must put to better use that which is already known. Philanthropy can be a key catalyst. Only people are important. Only people make a difference in the long term. In conclusion, what will be the role of the nonprofit sector for the future of the common good? The hard reality - as well as the exciting fact - is that all of us here , individually and collectively, will make that determination by our decisions and actions. We may be passive and reactive - or we may be creative and participatory. While we are continually concerned with dealing with problems and addressing shortcomings, we need to keep these concerns in perspective. At the same time , there are pressing concerns which must be addressed. It is to such issues that much of our thought and resources must be directed. We in the nonprofit sector - whether in corporate grantmaking, community foundations. service organizations, or private foundations - must be responsive to changing circumstances and opportunities. Most of the significant new directions imperative to our societal future will not be charted by government. RGM Speech/E conom ic Club of Det roit 15 �We in the nonprofit sector can continue our tradition of innovation, nurturing creative, collaborative approaches to human concerns at the community level. We can provide leadership to enhance the resources of philanthropy and ensure their most effective use. Michigan has a great tradition of social concern. We all- and those who preceded us - have been important partners in this progress. There is unfinished business demanding the best efforts of us all! Godspeed! RGM Speech/Economic Club of Detroit 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1995-02-27_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The Privilege of Stewardship Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 27, 1995 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Economic Club of Detroit. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995-02-27 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a67fff9eb6afc767bf6fa3104084abd.pdf aa9ff7a9b7649ae6c55a09cff7f6ad57 PDF Text Text - ", THE LAND GRANT RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE NEXT CENTURY Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby, Vice President, W. K. Kellogg Foundation at Agricultural Science Week, University of Missouri February 6, 1970 I. It is a special privilege to be a part of the program of Agricultural Science Week in the Centennial Year of the College of Agriculture. Quite appropriately, this significant anniversary represents an occasion when we should pause to take stock, reflecting on the past and looking to the future . There is indeed much of which we can be proud as we survey the scene in American farming and agriculture today . Among the significant accomplishments are the following : 1. The productivity and efficiency of American farmers. On the average, one person in U.S. agriculture today supplies abundantly the food and fibre needs of 40 persons compared to 26 in 1960 and only 10 persons 30 years ago. 2. The ability of American farmers to apply mushrooming technology to problems of farming. Between 1950 and 1965, output per man hour in agriculture rose nearly three times as fast as in non-farming occupations--132 per cent in agriculture against 47 per cent in the rest of the economy. If we were as far ahead of the Russians in the space race as we are in agriculture, we would be running a shuttle service to the moon. 3. The contribution of agricultural productivity in making it possible for America to have the highest standard of living known to man. Without the immense labor-saving contribution on the part of agriculture--freeing manpower for other productive endeavors-our nation would not enjoy the abundance of goods and services of all kinds which we have . �2 - 4 . Th ev i a b i l i t yo ft h ef am i l yf a rm . Th e fm i l i ly -own edando p e r a t e df a rme n t e r p r i s ec o n t i n u e st o c h a r a c t e r i z et h eAm e r i c an f a rm ings c e n e ,sp ann ingt h ech ang e f romt h es u b s i s t e n c ef a rm ingo fa c e n t u r yago t ot h eh i g h l y comp l ex comm e r c i a lf a rmo p e r a t i o no ft o d a y . ~. Th e sy s t emo fl a n d g r a n tc o l l e g e sandu n i v e r s i t i e s . Th e s ei n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g h e re d u c a t i o n,a p r o d u c to ft h ev i s i o n o fp i o n e e rf a rml e a d e r s ,h av ep rog r am s.o ft e a c h i n g ,r e s e a r c hand e x t e n s i o n . I nt h ee a r l yd e c ad e so ft h e i re x i s t e n c e ,t h el a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n sw e r ep r e o c c u p i e dw i t ha g r i c u l t u r e . A st h e y hw r ec o n t i n u e dt os e r v et h en e ed so ft h ep e o p l eo ft h e i rs t a t e s , how ev e r ,t h e yh av eb e com e comp r eh en s iv eu n i v e r s i t i e so fs c a l e andq u a l i t y . S p e c i f i c a l l y ,t o d a yw em e e t on t h ec ampu so ft h e U n i v e r s i t yo fM i s s o u r i , on eo ft h el e a d i n gl a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n s , w i t hi t sf a c u l t y ,p r o g r am s , andg r a d u a t e sc om p i l i n ga s t a t e ,n a t i o n a l , andi n t e r n a t i o n a lr e p u t a t i o n . S im u l t a n e o u s l y ,a sw er e v i ewt h ep l u ss i d eo ft h el e d g e ro fAm e r i c an a g r i c u l t u r e ,w es h o u l da l s or e c o g n i z esu chc o n c e r n sa s : 1 . Th ep e r s i s t e n tpoo rp r o f i ts i t u a t i o ni nmu ch o fa g r i c u l t u r e ,w i t hf a rm p e o p l eg e n e r a l l yn o ts h a r i n gi nt h ea f f l u e n c eandp r o s p e r i t yo fo u r s o c i e t y . 2 . Th ec o n t i n u i n gO I l ru sh o fn ew t e c h n o l o g y ,n ew c i r c um s t a n c e s ,n ew i n f l u e n c e s , wh i ch i ncomb in a t ionf o r c ec o n t i n u i n gch ang e anda d j u s tm e n ti nt h ef a rm e n t e r p r i s eanda l lo fa g r i c u l t u r e . 3 . Th ef r u s t r a t i o n s ,d e l a y s andf a i l u r e sw ee x p e r i e n c ea sf a rmi n s t i t u t i o n s and o r g a n i z a t i o n sr e s p o n di n a d e q u a t e l yt oc u r r e n tn e ed s and c i r c um s t a n c e s . 4 . The p e r s i s t e n te v i d e n c et h a tr u r a lcommun i t i e s ,o fwh i ch f a rm ingand f a rmf am i l i e sa r ea p a r t ,l a gb e h i n dmu ch o fAm e r i c ai nt h eq u a l i t yo f e conom i c and s o c i a ll i f e . �3 I ti sw i t h su chs u c c e s s e s a n ds h o r t c om i n g s i nm ind t h a tw et u r no u ra t t e n t i o n s t ot h en e x tc e n t u r y . I I . Th e r ew a sa t em p t a t i o n ,i np r e p a r i n gt h e s er em ro 'k s ,t ot u r nt h ec a l e n d a r ah e ada n o t h e r100 y e a r s ,f rom1970 t ot h ey e a r 2070 , and c omm e n tf romt h a t v a n t a g ep o i n t on t h er e s e a r c hand e d u c a t i o n a lf r am ewo rko ft h el a n d g r a n t i n s t i t u t i o n s . ~ It odo s o ,I wou ld t a k et h er o l eo fan a r c h a e o l o g i s t , pok ing among t h er u i n st odo cum en tt h em ann e r i nwh i ch and f o rwh a tr e a s o n s t h ec o l l e g e so fa g r i c u l t u r ep a s s e di n t oo b l i v i o nm idw ay t h r o u g ht h e i rs e cond c e n t u r y . Th ep o s s i b i l i t yt h a tsu chwou ld b e an a c c u r a t ep r o j e c t i o no ft h e s i t u a t i o na c e n t u r yh en c ei sa s o b e r i n gi d e a ,b u t on ef o rwh i ch I b e l i e v e ac o n v i n c i n gc a s ec o u l db eb u i l t . T h i s" p r o j e c t i o no fo n e ' ss e l fi n t ot h ef u t u r e "i sa f a s c i n a t i n gt e c h n i q u e andw a s emp loy ed e f f e c t i v e l yby T r i s t r am B e r e s f o r d . anE n g l i s hf a rm e rw h oi n p r e p a r i n ga p a p e ra f ewy e a r s ago l o o k e dah e ad o n l y6 0y e a r st ot h ey e a r 2015 i nd e s c r i b i n gt h et r a n s f o rm a t i o no fB r i t i s ha g r i c u l t u r e . O fd a i r y i n g , f o rex amp l e ,h es a i d : "Nowh e r ed i dt h ecomp l ex o fs o c i a land e conom i cf o r c e sb e a rmo r e s e v e r e l yt h a non t h ed a i r y i n gi n d u s t r y . T h ec r i t i c a lf a c t o rh e r e w a s t h ep u r e l yhum an n e ed t ok e ep u pw i t ht h eJ o n e s e s . F ew e r and f ew e rw an t ed t om i l k cow ss ev end ay s aw e ek i nanag eo fi n c r e a s i n g l e i s u r e .F am i ly f a rm e r sw e r ep r e p a r e dt o ,f o rs u b j e c t i v er e a s o n s , b u to n l y sol o n ga sl i f eand s t r e n g t hl a s t e d .T h e i rc h i l d r e nc e r t a i n l yw e r en o t , andt h ef l i g h tf romt h ev a l l e y so fW a l e s w a s r e s p o n s i b l ef o ra c r o po fa g r i c u l t u r a le conom i s t swh i ch w a s q u i t e af e a t u r eo ft h e' 5 0 sand ' 60 s . I ts e em st h a tt h eg i r l sw e r et h e f i r s tt ol e a v ehom e . Th e boy sn o tu n n a t u r a l l yf o l l ow e d . T h eo l d p e o p l er em a in edb e h i n d . T h en e x tg e n e r a t i o nw e r eg l a dt os e l l t h ef am i l yf a rmwh en i nc o u r s eo ft im ei t c am et oth em . Tho s e who w e r el e f ton t h eh o l d i n g sf a i l e dt of i n dw iv e s andt h er a c e o fdom e s t i cm i l kp r o d u c e r s dw ind l ed . �·-4"At the other end of the scale the big operators were fighting a losing battle with costs. Cows refused to be milked by remote control even when sYmmetrical Jersey udders had been bred on to Friesian stock . The idea of milking the cows without hired labour was unthinkable. A few tried and found that it did not agree with them.. The shortage of skilled milkers , like the shortage of outdoor shepherds, became acute. Milking contractors flourished for a time and the beef outlet kept things going , but in the end it was discovered that there were economic advantages in the feed-lot on one side and the cattle ranch on the other. So dairying succumbed to the Plant Milk Industry, which converts grass more efficiently than the cow, and whose production schedule can be geared to the four-day week. The switch was gradual, and there is little evidence that the public objected to the change from the biological to the bacteriologically purer industrial substitute. After all , by that time , our diet consisted of standard food products, a nd many young people disliked the idea as well as the taste of cow's milk . It had ceased to be natural to drink i t." III I am grateful indeed to Dean Kiehl for the invitation to be with you today and also for two specific aspects of the assignment he has given me. he has asked me to look ahead a century, not just 10 or 20 years. First, The longer time span with which I can d ea.l, the less I must be concerned with accountability. Even Professors with tenure cannot hope to be here a century hence to measure my remarks today against reality then. Second, the assigned topi c refers not just to the College of Agriculture but rather to the total landgrant research and educational framework. Therefore, in my remarks I will not deal with such issues as the semantics of college or departmental titles; the intricacies of organizational char t s; and the troublesome details of professionalism, provincialism, and protectionism which tend to be among the Ln- -houae problems of higher education. Rather, I propose to look at the �- 5issues, the problems, the concerns of farming and of farm people, of rural America, of our total society and comment on what I hope, as one who is a part of and concerned with this milieu, will b e the response of our land-grant institutions _ IV. The land-grant system is perhaps our country's only original contribution to higher education. For perspective in looking ahead, it is useful to turn back to the period in history a century ago when this innovative system was conceived. The land·-grant idea first became visible in the decade of the 1850s and resulted in the passage of the Morrill Act in 1862 , The establishment of this new system of colleges grew out of a concern f or farming and farm people and the desire to make t h e advantages of higher education available to the sons and daughters of farmers and the working classes . Until then, the advantages of higher education had been generally restricted to the children of do ctors, lawyers, theologians, and the wealthy few. It was also envisioned by the proponents of the land-grant idea that the common good could be served by instituti ons of higher education which directed their attention to the problems of earning a living as well as living a life. As these fledgling colleges began to develop teaching curricula in agriculture, it soon became apparent that kn owledge resources were inadequate:, �- 6that there were many questions to which answers were not know. This led, a quarter of a century later, to the establishment of the network of agricultural experiment stations as a part of the land-grant system, through passage of the Hatch Act in 1887, As the programs of the Land-vgr-arrt colleges of agriculture continued to develop, the leaders of these institutions began to realize that a concern with farm productivity was in itself not enough and that there must also be a concern with the quality of life available to the farm family. This concern evolved into the development of curricula in home economics, with the first such formal program established about 1898. As the calendar turned from the 19th to the 20th century, a combination of concerns on the part of agricultural leaders led to other significant developments which changed the complexion of the land-grant colleges First, many were deeply concerned that the benefits of the knowledge resources of the colleges were available only to those who could come to the campus, usually as students in residence. Recognizing that basic knowledge of agricultural science and the new information and techniques continually emanating from on-vgoLng research would be useful to practicing farmers. concerned agricultural professors began to go to the field to meet with farm groups throughout the state. This informal pattern represented the rudimentary stages of the extension idea. Simultaneously, there was a concern on the part of many in agricultural education that the traditional schooling of the rural one·-room school was not preparing youngsters for �-1the kinds of lives they would lead. Therefore, agricultural educ ators worked with rural s chool t eachers in developing the practical concept of Boys a nd Gi r l s Cl ub work, whi ch has evolv ed now into the hi ghly s ophisticated , informal educat ional program we call 4-H . Finally, a s college s b ecame i ncreasingly c onc er ned wi t h the total wellb eing of rural people and communi ti es , not just with the improved production of c r op s a nd livest ock, t he s tructure of the c ol lege s of agr icultu re wer e changed t o refle ct t hi s conc e r n. The development of curricula a nd f a culty specialization in such fields as rural education and rural s ociology are tangible mani fe st a t i ons of this broadened commitm ent. Finally, in 1914, the Smith-Lever Act f ormalized t h e system of informal, off ·-c ampu s educ at i on whi ch we now know a s the Cooperative Ext en s ion Serv ice, ma ki ng the res ourc e s of t he campus available to al l pe ople t hrougho ut t he state. These signi fic a nt dev elopments i n t he l a nd- gr ant syst em, i nnovati ons of t h e high e st or d e r a nd of t he gr ea t est s oc i a l a nd e con ornic signific anc e, were a produc t of farm l eader sh ip and r ep r es ented a concer n not onl y fo r i mpr oved f a r m production and management but a comprehen sive conc ern f or the f armer, his family, and his c ornrnunity as well, v. Change has c e r t a i nl y been a charact eristic of this past century. While we have been impressed with the dr amatic changes of the re cent past, all evid enc e �- 8would suggest that the na tur e and magni tude of change in the years ahead will far over s hadow tho s e t o dat e . An Americ an Pre sident onc e sai d-- "Th e d ogma s of the quiet past are inadequat e t o the stor my pr es ent. , ,As our case is new, s o must we t hi nk anew and act anew ." That President wa s Abr-aham Lincoln, speaking in 1 862 . the y e ar in which the Land-igr-arrt sy st em was e s t.ab l ishe d . Since Gov ernor McClur g s igne d t he legis l ation which est abl ish ed this Col l eg e of Agri culture, there have indeed been many change s" Among t hem we might not e t he fo l lowing: 1. Ou rs was then an agrar ian soc iet y , just on t he thr e shold of the pr oc e s s of industrialization-urbanization whi ch has so ma rkedly changed th e status of ag r icul t u re i n the soc i.o -v e c onomi.c complex. 2. Wherea s a century ago , the Col lege of Agriculture in most land-grant i ns tit utions was a dominant ac a demic un it , today the Col l eg e of Agr icul t ure is usually onl y a mode st part of a comprehe n s i v e , s ophisticated, l arge·sc al e inst i tut ion of higher education. Too oft en it would a lso s e em to b e a r ather insular s egment of th e univ er sity, not int egrally r elat ed to t he larger academi c and s c i entific c ommuni t y . 3. One hundr ed y ears ago , we were just l aunching i nto a cent ur y of t e chnological d evelopment which has pr oduced t he highest standard of livlng in th e hi s tory of man. Now, however , our soc i ety seems t o b e turn i ng f r om this hist oric preoccupation with the standard of living and is ev i denc i ng an increa sing conc e rn fo r the quality of life (not jus t t he qua ntity ) av a i lab le to each individu al. �9 ' " 4 . As agri c u l t u ra ls c i e n c e has p r og res s ed , th ereh a sb e en a co n tinu in g p r o c e s so ff r a gm en ta t i on and sp e c i a liz a t i o n-int h es t r uc tU l ' eo fc o l l e g e s and d e p a r t m e n t s , i nt h ef a b ri co fr e s e a r c h ,i nt h ei n d u s t r yo ff a rm ing" h em a ze o ff a rmo r g a niz a t i ons and i n st i t u t i on s wh i ch s e r v e ag ricu lint t .u r e . Ac e n t u r yago, o u r fa c u l t i e si n c l u dedP ro fe s so r so f A g r ic u l t u r e r i ed t odea lw i t h th eb r o a d e s t dim en s io no f ag ri c u l t u r a l co n c er n s, wh ot Now , how eve r ,as w ep u r s u e ex cel l e nce t h r o ug hi n c r e a s e dsp ec i a l i za t i o n , w e mu s t a s ko u r se l v e s , "w h olooks a tt h ew ho l e? " T h ec l i ch e. . ." F 'a rm e r s h a v ep robl em s, co l l e g e sh ave d ep a r tm en ts"... is n o tw it h o u tsubs t a n c e. VI . Tu rn ing nowt ot h ef u t u r e ,l e tus use t h r e ed i f f e r e n tr e f e r e n ce po i n t s an d commen ting on t h eres e a r c h andedu c a ti o n a lfr am e w or ko fl a n d· g r a n t i n s t i t u t i o n si nre l at i onto ag ri c u l t u r e , F i r st ,a p r i o r i t ycon ce rn mu s tc on tin u et ob ew it hc omme rc ia l agri c u ltu re . Y ou c a n do cum en tb e t te rt h a nI t h es t a rtlingch a ng e s wh i ch hav et a k en p l a c e i ncomm e r ci a la g r i c u l t u r ei nt h elas td e c ad e. P ro ject i o ns fo r th e fu t ur e mu s t be b a s e d on t h ea s sump t i onth a tt h ech a ng e so f th en e x tt e nyea rs w i l lc au se t h ep as td e cade t oapp e a r tranqu il inre t r o s p e c t . I nloo k i n g ah eadw e mu s t re m ind ou rse lv e sa ls otha tn ear l ya l lp a s tp re d i c t i on so f t h efu tu r ehav e beenw rong onth ec on se r v a t i v es i d e . I nlo o k i n gt othe f u tu r e , hop e f u l l yth e fo ll o w ing Obs e r v a t i o n sw i l lb ep e r t i n e n tandu s efu l. 1 . T he f a n t a s t i cra te o ft e c h no l og i c a ld e v e l opm e n t i sf a s tcon sum ing t h e p r es e n ts t o ck o f bas ic s c i en t i f i c know ledge . I ngene ra l,th ed eve lop · · n t a l re sea rch s t r u c t u r ei nag ri c u l tu r es e e m s ov er b a lan c e di nth e me �1 0 - d ir e c t i o no f appli e dre s ea r ch . Fo rt h elo ngrun vi t a lity o f appli e d ag r i c u l t u r a lre sea r c h ,t h ei n ve s t me n ti nso -c a ll e db a s i co rp u re rese a r ch by u n i v e r s i ti e sneed st ob ee xpanded . 2. S u chres e a r c hs h o u l db ea ppr o ached\ i i t hloo s e l ys t r u c t u r e di n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r yt e am s ,fr o mt h r o ughou tt h eu n i v e rs i t y ,r emov ingthe c on s tra i n ingin f l u e nce o ft h espe c i a l i z e dc omm o di t y an dd isci p lin ep a t t e r n a r a c t e ri z e smo s t ag ricu ltu ra lrese a r c ht o d a y . I tha sb e e no b w h ich ch s e r v edth a tth em o s t impo rt a n tor g an i z a t i o n a l fac tl e a r n e di na p p l ied p h y s i c s and c h em i s t r yr e s e a r ch d u r i n g anda f t e r H o rl d"T a rI Icon ce r nedt h e gr e a ta d d i t i o nt or e s ea r c hp r o d u c t i v i t yt h a ta cc r u e si nl a r g er e s e a r ch gr o ups o f al o o s e k n i ti n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r yn a t u re con t a i n i n gt h ecom p l e t e sp ec t rumfrompu r es c i e n tis t, t h r o u gh m a them a t i c i a n s and s t a t i st i c i an s . to ap p l i edre s e a r c h e r s . T o oo f t e n ag r i c u l t u r a lr e s e a r c h e r sh av e becom e o l a t e dfrom t h e i rb a s i cs c i ent i f i cd i s c i p l i n e s anda r e no ti nt o u ch is ho th e rd i s c i p l i n e sr e l a t e dt ot h ep r o b l ema t hand . w it P erh apsthe g r a v e s t con ce rn o ft h en e a rf u t u r ew ill b et h eprob l emo f a t t r a ct i n gto a g r i c u l t u r et h eb ri g h te s ty oun gm ind si nt h e re leva n t sc ien c e s. i c u l t u r ef o rv a r i o u sr e a son s ha sl o s tm u c h o fit sa ttra c tiv en e ss f o r A gr young s c h o l a r sandt h eo p p o r t u n i t yt oc o n t i n u etob eap a r to fth eirb a s i c di s c ip line w i l lb ee s s e n t i a li na ttrac tin g su chp r om i s ing i n d i v i d u a l st o add ress t h e i rp a r t i c u l a ra t t e n t i o nt oag r i c u l t u r e . 3 . I na p p l i e dr e s e a r c h ,c o n s i d e r a t i o ns h o u l db eg iventot h em iss i o n con c ep to r sy s t em sapp ro ach . Th ei s o l a t ed,f r a gm en tedr e s ea r c h tione f f o r t so ft h et y p i ca lp r o je c tp a t t e rn ar ei n a deq ua t e applica �1 1 - and inapp rop r i a t et omode r n pr o bl em s. A sas im p l eex amp l e, w ec ou ld rthec h a l l e n g eo fu t i l i za t i o no f compu t e rt e c h n o l og yi nfa rm ing . con side Ie ha v em a ny d i v e r s ee f f o r t st od o so , th roughsu chpr o j e c ts as f a r m en t rec o r d so m an ag em HIA ,A I, and so il t e s t in g. u ta l l su ch e f f o r t s tendto bes e p a r at eand u n re l a t ed , ig n o r i n gt h e pr a c tic a ln e ed so f e fa rm e rand f a i l i n gtofu lf ill t h ep ot e n tia l rep r esen te d by c om p u t e r th c ap a ci t y . . ew l i n k ages mu s t b ef o r g e db etw e enu n i v e r s i t yr e s e a r c he r s andth e ag r i c u l t u r a li n d u s t r y-f a rm in g andtho sei n d u s t r i e swh i ch se r v ef a rm ingandwh ichmov e f a rmp roduc t stoconsum p tion . u c ho fth e applica tion -- and a p p l i e dre sea r c h -w i l l m o reap p rop r i a te l yb e don e on t h ef a rman d y ,r a th er t h an i nt h ere l a ti v e l ys t e r i l e and s ta ti cs e tti n g inindus tr o fth eu n i v e r s ity . . e sou rc es f romthet o t a lun i ve r s i t ym u s tb em o b i l izedt ode a l w i t hp ro -b lem so f ag ri c u l tu re f o rwh i ch t h eo ll e g eo fA g r i c u l t u re a sg en era lly con ce i v edo rs t r u c t u r e di sno t-andp r o b a b l ys h o u l dn o t be -p r e p a r e d tocope , A s ex amp les o fsu c hp rob l em s, w em i g h tc o n s i d e rt h efo ll o w ing a. F a rm abo r-I n a d e q u a t ea t t e n t i o ni sbe i n gg i v ent ot h ech ang ing n a t u r eo ft h ela b o ri n p u ti nfa rm in g. F a rm e r s andf a rml e a d e r sa r e be i n g com pe l l edtot a k ea w h o l en ewloo ka tf a rmlab o r ,d e p a r t i n g fr o mt h e" f am i ly f a rm "no t i o no ft h ep a s tw h e nland ,l a b o r ,c a p i t a l and m anage m en tw e r ev e s t e di non ep e r s o no r fam ily. Tod ay ,f a rm ing is beco m ing a p a r to fou ri n d u s t r i a l i z e ds o c i e t yi nwh i ch t h ep a t t e r n o f fa rm mu s t b e cons is ten tw i t ht h ef r am ewo rk o fr u le se s t a b - l i sh edbyth ei n d u s t r i a lwo r kf o r c e . and -g r an ti n s t i t u t i on ss h o u l d p rov id e coun s el and lead e r s h i pi nth i str a n s it i o n . �-12 b . F i s c a lM an ag em en t . -T h ecomm e r c i a lf a rmo p e r a t i o no ft h en e a r f u t u r e (1980 )w i l lb e a $500 ,000 ·$1 ,000 ,000e n t e r p r i s e . S o p h i s t i c a t e df i s c a landt a xm an ag em en t w i l lb ee s s e n t i a lt oa p r o f i t a b l e o p e r a t i o n . I nm any o p e r a t i o n s ev ent o d a y ,t h ew i s ec o u n s e lo fa t a xa c c o u n t a n to ra t t o r n e ym a yb emo r e c r i t i c a lt ot h ep r o f i t l o s ss t a t em e n tt h a na ch ang ei np r o d u c t i o nt e c h n o l o g y . c . L aw- Th el e g a ls t r u c t u r eo ft h ef a rme n t e r p r i s emu s tb ec o n s i s t e n t w i t h mod e rn b u s i n e s s andl e g a lp r a c t i c e . P a t t e r n so fown e r sh ip and t r a n s f e rmu s tb eu p d a t e d ,w i t hc a r e f u lc o n s i d e r a t i o no fq u e s t i o n s su cha st h ea d v a n t a g e s and sho r t com ing so ff am i l yc o r p o r a t i o n s . An ew d im en s ion j u s tem e rg ingi sa l s ot h ep r o s p e c to fb a r g a i n i n g i nf a rmm a r k e t i n g . d . I n s t i t u t i o n a lP rob l em s- M a n yo r g a n i z a t i o n s and i n s t i t u t i o n swh i ch s e r v ea g r i c u l t u r e ,f romt h eg e n e r a lf a rmo r g a n i z a t i o nt ot h em u l t i p l i c i t yo fc omm o d i t y r e l a t e dg r o u p s , a r el e s st h a nf u l l ye f f e c t i v e . Som e a r eev en d i s f u n c t i o n a l . T h ef o l l ow i n gq u o t a t i o n sc om ef roma r e c e n ti s s u eo ft h eM i ch ig an F a rm e r : ". . . . . m any a g r i c u l t u r a lo r g a n i z a t i o n sa r ei ns a dsh ap e, h a v i n gf a i l e dt ok e ep u pw i t hs o c i a lch ang e . T h i sd e c l i n e b eg an abou t 1925 . P r i o rt ot h a t ,a g r i c u l t u r a lo r g a n i z a t i o n h ad b e en soe f f e c t i v ei t h ad b e en a mod e l f o ro t h e r s t h eUSDA , t h eA g r i c u l t u r a l Exp e r im en tS t a t i o n , andt h el a n dg r a n tc o l l e g e s f o rr e s e a r c h ;t h eE x t e n s i o nS e r v i c ef o re d u c a t i o n ; andf a rm e r s i n n o v a t i n gandu s i n gn ew i n f o rm a t i o nq u i c k l y . "Th enc am e am a jo r r e v o l u t i o ni ns o c i e t y . Th ec e n t u r yo f t e c h n o l o g i c a ld ev e lopm en tb eg an t og i v ew a yt ot h ee r ao f hum an d ev e lopm en t ando fe f f e c t i v em anpow e ru s e . A g r i c u l t u r e h a sc o n t i n u e dt op rodu c ep e rm a n e n t l yd am ag ed p e o p l e f i l l i n g c i t yw e l f a r er o l l sw i t he x f a rm e r sandf a rml a b o r e r s . �-1 3-"Agri cultur e has been on th e wr on g side in the revolution, and h as emerged wi th a s orry image. Agriculture must, con-· sequently, update its or g an iz at i ons and its image) so that farmers be come--and l ook-- s ocially responsible and useful." The social sci enc e s--sociology, poli t ical science, psychology -- have much to offer in relat io n t o such p rob lems if mobilized. 6. Unlversity e ducat iun i n ag r iculture should be an integral part of the t otal unive rsit y, not i ns ul ar) p rovi nc ial , pedant ic as i s too often now the case . Sir Eri c Ashby sugg e st s that t e chnology its elf sho u ld be the philos ophi cal and orga nizat i onal center of al l university education . He ar gues pe rsuas i vel y that the gr e at chasm now dividing edu cated men .. .. the gul f betwee n s cienc e and the huma ni ti e s . ... is art i f ic ial a nd can be eliminat ed f rom edu cat ion by organi zi ng curriculum and ph i losophy ar ou nd technology. Command ov er s ome tech no l ogy is necessary f or an lndividual to survive in mod e r n s oci ety and Ashby argues that it combine s the concerns and approa ches of b oth sc ienc e and the humanities. In Technology and the Academics, he says : "Technology is ins eparable fr om men and communities . In this respect technology differs f rom pure s cience . It is the essence of the scientific method that the human element must be eliminated . Sc i e nce does not dispense with values but it does eliminate the variability of human response to values . .. It describ es, measures , and classifies in such a way that variation due to human judgment is eliminat ed. Unlike sci enc e, t echnology concerns the appli cation of science to the needs of man a nd society . Therefore t echnology is inseparable f rom human ism . The technologist is up to his neck in human problems whether he likes it or not • . . The social cons equence s of his work are therefore an integral part of his profession . " This conc eptual app roach h as signi f i c anc e f or agriculture. As s t ude nt s deman d releva nc e i n t he un i v er s i t y, ag r icultur e -- with a soli d re c ord �-1o fa ch i ev em en t and e x p e r i e n c eo n wh i ch t ob u i l d-c o u l db eo u t f r o n ti f i t w i l ld e a lw i t hp rob l em so fb r o a ds i g n i f i c a n c esu cha s foods u p p l yandhum an n u t r i t i o n u a l i t yi nh um a nl i f e-r u r a land u r b a n andt h ee n v i r o nm e n t . 7. Th e gen ius o ft h eE x t e n s i o ni d e ai sa sv a l i dt o d a ya sw h e n f i r s tc o n c e i v ed, n f o r t u n a t e l y ,b u r e a u c r a t i ct e n d e n c i e s ,i n s t i t u t i o n a ln e r tis and i n t e r n e c i n epow e rs t r u g g l e sh av eb l u n t e dt h ea b i l i t yo ft h eE x t e n s i o n sy s t emt or e s p o n dt och ang e and a c commod a t et h en ew c i r c um s t a n c e s . To a s i g n i f i c a n td e g r e e , i s s o u r i s e em st ob e an e x c e p t i o nt ot h i s g e n e r a lc a s e . e s p i t ed i f f i c u l t i e s ,E x t e n s i o ni swo rk ing o u ti t s p rob l em sw i t hp e r s i s t e n c eando f t e ng rea ts k i l l . Wh e r e a s E x t e n s i o nr e p r e s e n t sa v i a b l em e ch an i sm f o re d u c a t i o nw i t h c e r t a i nc l i e n t e : eg r o u p s ,a p p r o a c h e st ov a r i o u sa u d i e n c e sn e ed t ob e r e f i n e d . s an ex amp l e ,t h e n i v e r s i t y mu s t c o n c e r ni t s e l f w i t ht h e c o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nn e ed so fp r o f e s s i o n a l si na g r i c u l t u r e . W e , i n a g r i c u l t u r e ,w e r e on c eo u tf r o n ti nt h i sr e s p e c tn ow a g r i c u l t u r eh a s b e enby-p a s s edby o t h e rp r o f e s s i o n a lf i e l d si nk e e p i n gi t sp r o f e s s i o n a l s i n t e l l e c t u a l l yu p d a t e d . ov ing f romcomm e r c i a la g r i c u l t u r e ,t h en e x tp o i n to fr e f e r e n c ec o n c e r n s u r a l m e r i c a . Th ee v i d e n c eo ft h eu r a l a gi n m e r i ca i ssoc o n v i n c i n g , andh a sb e en somu ch comm en t ed o n .t h a tI ' l l n o td e t a i lt h es i t u a t i o nh e r e . ond emn ing e v i d e n c edo cum en t sd e f i c i e n c i e si nin com ep u b l i cs e r v i c e s ,i n c l u d i n ge d u c a t i o n ,h e a l t h ,w e l f a r e ,p r o t e c t i o n h o u s i n g and c u l t u r a loppo rt u n i t i e s . Ou r l a n d g r a n tu n i v e r s i t i e s , how ev e r ,h av eg e n e r a l l yn o tr e spond ed �-15·· this evidence, certainly not to the extent they have mobilized to deal wi.t.h the urban crisis. In fact, eyen universities in rural states with a tradition of agricultural and rural commitment, seem preoccupied with the urban and usually confine their rural orientation essentially to the technology of farm production. in the apparent naive belief that more bushels per acre will bring the millenium. If the needs of rural haerica are to be served by the University, the total university must be involved- -for the expertise of the entire institution is required. But the leadership must come from somewhere·--and where more appropriately than from those in agriculture , if such leaders can recapture the humanistic character of their forebears. Our final reference point is that of Total Society. I recognize that it is arbitrary to categorize our deliberations in this way since all of these concerns are inextricably interrelated. Such focus seems appropriate, however, in light of the mentality with which we usually approach our challenges in agriculture. The stance from the vantage point of total society quickly suggests two issues of broad concern to all mankind which bear centrally on our more limited focus today. concern with food supply. First is our international In the past--and currently--food for people has tended to be correlated with agricultural production. Depending on the posture agriculture takes in responding to food needs, current and future, this mayor may not be true in the years ahead. California Institute of Technology has observed: A biochemist at the �-16"He have the tools and the technology to feed everyone in the world with our present resources. And yet it has been estimated that 80 percent of the world population normally suffers from undernutrition or malnutrition. "One hears any number of explanations for this ironic sit.uat.Lon-c-one of the larger obstacles is the simple fact that we still think of food in terms of the nineteenth century. "As long as we persist in thinking of food in terms of bushels of wheat, we will never have enough to go around. As soon as we learn to consider food as a conveyor of essential nutrients--and look for the cheapest and best way to get these nutrients··-we will find we have enough for all." Only if we in agriculture demonstrate real concern with the end objective-adequate food supplies to meet human nutritional needs--rather than a provincial, self-centered concern for the means to that end through agriculture, will we deserve and earn the responsibility for leadership in relation to this challenge. A second compelling concern of mankind today is with the quality of our environment. In his book "Not So Rich as You Think" George Stewart obs erves: "',.lhen some future hist orian sits down to summarize what the present generation of Americans has accomplished, his climactic sentence could read: 'Of the waters , they made a cesspool; of the air, a depository of poisons, and of the good earth itself, a dump... ," From the editorial in the December 19 , 1969 issue of Science, we read; " ... turning agriculture graduates loose on the world without sensitizing them to the larger environmental problems or to the serious flaws in many narrowly specialized strategies for maximizing food yields and profits must end." Agriculture, for various reasons - - some self-precipitated -- is identified as a villain in the war on pollution ..•• ironic,but t rue . Building on historic base of bridging from the academic to the real world, from the fundamental to �-1t h ea p p l i e d ,m o b i l i z i n gt h eknow l edg er e s o u r c e so ft h eu n i v e r s i t yand t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s so ft h eE x t e n s i o ns y stem ,a g r i c u l t u r ec anb ei nt h ef o r e f r o n t i na d d r e s s i n gs o c i e t i e sc o n c e r nf o re n v i r o nm e n t a lq u a l i t y ,i f w ew i l l . I I . I nc l o s i n g ,I wou ld s h a r ew i t h you a t h o u g h tf rom ohn a rdn e r . book "S e l f en ew a l , "M r . I nh i s a rdn e ro b s e r v e s : " h eno r g a n i z a t i o n s and s o c i e t i e sa r eyoung,t h e ya r ef l e x i b l e ,f l u i d " n o ty e tp a r a l y z e dby r i g i ds p e c i a l i z a t i o nandw i l l i n gt ot r ya n y t h i n g on c e . A st h eo r g a n i z a t i o no rs o c i e t yag e s, v i t a l i t yd im i n i s h e s ,f l e x i b i l i t yg i v e sw ay t or i g i d i t y ,c r e a t i v i t yf a d e sandt h e r ei sl o s so f c a p a c i t yt om e e t c h a l l e n g e sf romu n e x p e c t e dd i r e c t i o n s . " A si n d i v i d u a l s ,a s a st h o s er e s p o n s i b l ef o ri n s t i t u t i o n s wh i ch s e r v et h i n g sf a rm ,a g r i c u l t u r a l ,r u r a l ,w e mu s t r e d e d i c a t eo u r s e l v e s t ot h ec o n t i n u i n gp r o c e s so fs e l fr e n ew a l ,r e s p o n s i v e n e s st ot o d a yand tomo r row ,l e s t ,by t h ey e a r 20 0. . . . ac e n t u r yh en c e. . . . su chi n s t i t u t i o n s a s o l l e g e so fA g r i c u l t u r eb er e l e g a t e dt ot h es h e l v e so fh i s t o r y ,j o i n i n g t h e r esu cho t h e rr e l i c so ft h ea g r i c u l t u r a lp a s ta st h ew h i p p l e t r e e ,d r a f t h o r s e s ,t r i c y c l et r a c t o r s ,w i n dm i l l s,DDT,P lymou th o ck c h i c k e n s. .. and t h ed a i r ycow . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1970-02-06_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The Land Grant Research and Educational Framework of the Next Century Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given February 6, 1970 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation during Agricultural Science Week at the University of Missouri. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-02-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2cd787f3d5fa70f426c45a9e1838e0df.pdf 122867ce3f1995cd5dc99031c7d9759a PDF Text Text .... r-. , .., ,~ - ;""';v,..) ;~I ~ - : · '~~ ----- ·.';·T ' ~' : r:.: --,.- I~ ~ OJ~ d2..bblinc a oig lagiclati V\) fin~or in tho busanoaa of f'aminz. ono nction;U eanor-ollS in nu'~ contc bocka in sixteen !f;o.:;t. ~:rt.al'"tlinz ol.'r::..c:' clly " " ..... . lJ • ..·.. 4 ~ L oolor~JI cost-pl~ of all is tho .fuct cgch would have to bo chm'.-:.ctori~cd pzoductdon contz-acte• . \';ith ouch th~t. 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Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1954_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Higher on the Hog Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given in 1954 to discuss the government's involvement in agricultural programs in the United States. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954-05-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/90803aecb8e6ce345a60052afcf9486e.pdf 6ac9bb849849ce3f9869a0c37fddb704 PDF Text Text "THE GREATESTO t>PORTUN ITY " R em a rk sb yR u s s e l lG . M awby , P r e s i d e n t W . K . K e l l o g gF o u n d a t i o n a tt h e O p e n i n gG e n e r a l S e s s i o no ft h eA n n u a lA s s em b l y o ft h e C o u n c i lf o rt h eA d v a n c em e n t a n dS u p p o r to fE d u c a t i o n \ o J a s h i n g t o n , D .C . J u l y1 4 ,1 9 7 6 I I ti sa p l e a s u r ei n d e e df o rm e t ob ew i t hy o uf o rt h i sA n n u a l A s s em b l yo ft h eC o u n c i lf o rt h eA d v a n c em e n t a n dS u p p o r to fE d u c a t i o n . Iw e l com e t h eo p p o r t u n i t yo fb e i n ga g a i nw i t hs om any good f r i e n d s c o n c e r n e dw i t hh i g h e re d u c a t i o nt h r o u g h o u tt h ec o u n t r ya n da p p r e c i a t e t h eo p p o r t u n i t yo fm a k i n g n ew a c q u a i n t a n c e s . Th ank y o uf o rt h eh o n o r o fp a r t i c i p a t i n gi ny o u ro p e n i n gG e n e r a l S e s s i o n . You rA s s em b l y t h em e"A D e c l a r a t i o no fI n t e r d e p e n d e n c e "h a sa n a p p r o p r i a t eB i c e n t e n n i a lf l a v o ra n d ,f u r t h e r ,r e p r e s e n t sa ni n s i g h t f u l p e r c e p t i o no ft h ei n t e r d e p e n d e n t~ature o fo u rc om p l e xmod e rn s o c i e t y a n dw o r l d . C e r t a i n l yt o d a ym o r e t h a ne v e r ,e v e r yt h o u g h t f u lp e r s o n i sc o n s c i o u so ft h ei n t e r d e p e n d e n c eo fp e o p l e ,o ft h e i ri n s t i t u t i o n s , o ft h e i rp o l i t i c a lc r e a t i o n s . T h i sr e a l i t yc a n n o tb eb e t t e rs umm a r i z e dt h a ni nt h ew o r d sw r i t t e n 350 y e a r sa g ob yJ o h nDonn e - �2 "No man is an island, entire of itself, every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friends or of thine own were; any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee ." Education -- generally available to individuals from all walks of life; in myriad forms; formal and informal; publicly and privately supported -- has been a crucial ingredient in the development of our American society. If Century Three is to build upon the traditions and achievements of our first two hundred years and if the days and years ahead are to be brighter , in the fullest human sense, than those gone by, education must continue to play its full role. For you as professionals coqcerned with the advancement and support of education, the challenges of tomorrow will be both gigantic and complex. But, while some bemoan the demise of the "golden days" of the recent past, I suggest that the next two decades may represent education's greatest opportunity for its full contribution to further progress in transformin g the American dream into reality. My brief comments this afternoon address the interdependent relationships of higher education and private foundation philanthropy to that end. �3 II Dr. Clark Kerr l, one of our most respected educational statesmen, & World in a recent issue of V.S. News Report, observed that "The predominant mood among leaders of higher education today is one of deep gloom about the future. I believe this mood is not fully warranted by realistic prospects. This is not to say it has no justification." After commenting briefly then on the stress points in higher education, the evidence that higher education is in a stronger position within American society than at any time in more than 300 years, and his perceived "steady state but changing" future for higher education, Dr. Kerr concludes with this emphasis: "One thing is certain, nevertheless, and that is that, in the condition of the modern world that requires ever higher skills and ever better ideas, the long-run importance of high-quality higher education can only increase." Dr. Alan Pifer, in his President's statement in the 1975 Carnegie Corporation's Annual Report, thoughtfully discusses "Higher Education in the Nation's Consciousness." In his usual thorough and insightful analysis, Dr. Pifer reviews the current status of higher education in America. He suggests the forging of a new consensus regarding the position of higher education in American life and suggests that academic institutions themselves can do much to assist this evolution. First. they must stop trying to sell higher education to potential students on the grounds primarily of its economic benefits ... Second, higher educational institutions must continue to press ahead with the 1 V. S. News and World Report, JulyS, 1976. �4 administrative and educational reforms on which they are now embarked ... The most important task ahead for the academic community is to cut costs while at the same time preserving or even improving quality ... Another area for consideration is that of faculty productivity ... Finally, higher education must review every aspect of its operations its governance, administration, teaching, research, student life, and external service -- to be certain that in a moral sense it really does qualify for public trust and approval. While each of us might debate the details of either of these analyses by two distinguished educators, I subscribe to their general thesis: Namely, that education is a vital component of American life; that, while there may be disenchantment in many circles and even by the public at large with certain aspects of our current educational establishment and system, the public commitment is substantial and unaltered; and that, if those responsible for higher education prove adequate in respondin g to changing societal needs, remedying imperfections, and serving the highest purposes of education, they will continue to deserve -- and have - '- the public's trust and support. I would emphasize that this does not suggest simply doing more of the same in the future as in the past, or just doing it more efficiently, or grandly invoking new technology and gadgetry. Rather, the changing lifestyle of our people suggests the need for substantive changes in our educational system and the institutions which comprise it. �5 Th ec a s ef o rt h ef u t u r eo fh i g h e re d u c a t i o ni nt h eU n i t e dS t a t e s c a nb ep r e s e n t e db r i e f l ya sf o l l ow s : 1 . W e a r ea l e a r n i n gs o c i e t y . Ch ang ei so n eo ft h em o s t p e r v a s i v ec h a r a c t e r i s t i c so fo u r t im e s . W e h a v e com et or e c o g n i z et h ev i t a lr o l eo fl e a r n i n g i na c c om p l i s h i n ga n da c c omm o d a t i n gt oc h a n g e . 2 . L e a r n i n gi s ~ l i f e ,i na l li t sa s p e c t s . E d u c a t i o ni s e s s e n t i a lf o ra l lt h ev a r i o u sr o l e so ft h ei n d i v i d u a l : f o r o c c u p a t i o n a lp r o f i c i e n c y ,w h e t h e r i nt h et r a d e s ,t h e p r o f e s s i o n s ,o rw h a t h a v ey o u ; -f o rc i v i cc om p e t e n c ei nf u l f i l l i n gd em o c r a t i cc i t i z e n s h i p r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s ; -f o rf am i l yl i v i n g ; -f o ra v o c a t i o n a li n t e r e s t s ; f o r s e l f f u l f i l lm e n tg o a l si na ni n c r e a s i n g l yc om p l e xw o r l d . 3 . L e a r n i n gi sl i f e l o n g ,f r omt h ec r a d l et h r o u g ht h etw i l i g h t y e a r s ,i nm y r i a d f o rm s~ c i r c um s t a n c e s . I t ' st h i sl i f e - l o n gd im e n s i o no fl e a r n i n gt ow h i c hi n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g h e r e d u c a t i o nh a v ef o u n di t m o s t d i f f i c u l tt oa c c omm o d a t e . E d u c a t i o n i nt h i si n s t a n c e ,h i g h e re d u c a t i o n h a sa s p e c i a l p l a c ei no u rd em o c r a t i cs o c i e t y . U n i v e r s i t i e s ( Iu s et h et e rmh e r et o i n c l u d ea l li n s t i t u t i o n so fh i g h e re d u c a t i o n tw o y e a r ,f o u r y e a r , g r a d u a t e ,p u b l i c ,p r i v a t e )a r ec o n c e i v e di no u rs o c i e t ya sk n ow l e d g e r e s o u r c ec e n t e r s ,w i t hr e s p o n s i b i l i t i e si nt e a c h i n g ,r e s e a r c h ,a n d s e r v i c eo re x t e n s i o n . T y p i c a l l y , t h et e a c h i n gf u n c t i o no ft h e u n i v e r s i t yi sd e f i n e dt o on a r r ow l y ,u s u a l l yr e l a t i n ge s s e n t i a l l yt o �6 students in residence, young in age, and engaged in degree-oriented programs of study. If universities are to fulfill their educational potential in serving the needs and goals of society, they must define the teaching function more broadly and creatively in the years ahead. Teaching in this expanded concept--on and off campus, credit and non-credit, for varied clientele in non-traditional patterns--should be a normal faculty role. I realize that there are many forces which must be reckoned with. These include such realities as the financial considerations of fundin g higher education, usually involving some formula related to full time equivalent enrollment; the constraints of self-created systems of accreditation and credentialing ; the frequent discomfiture of the faculty in dealing with o ther than captive, post-adolescent students ; and the reluctance of decision makers within the institution and beyond to condone non-traditional approaches to reaching educational objectives. But I also sense a readiness . today in academia--and on the part of learners--to consider, explore, test new concepts and approaches. This readiness is evident in such developments as the Carnegie Commission's report, "Less Time, More Options;" the Newman Report; the Commission on Non-Traditional Studies; and widespread interest in such ideas as the open university, the e xternal degree, and a university without walls. As a private foundation with a long tradition of involvement with higher education in a variety of ways throughout the country, we are �7 attuned to the issues which are very much on your agenda--changing clientele, improved teaching effectiveness, economy and cost containment, retrenchment, management and governance, changing roles of trustees, on and on. We share the urgency of these concerns and in fact have made a great many institutional grants for efforts which address issues such as these. But I would suggest for your consideration that one of the most pervasive realities--and opportunities--confronting your institutions as they face tomorrow 'is the implementation of the broad concept of lifelong learning. The rhetoric has all been said; what remains is the doing. For a brief moment, let me share with you a few ideas which to me as one foundation executive seem to represent challen ges in implementing the concept of continuing education . Foundations, by their nature and commitment, tend to be concerned with innovations, experimentation, pioneering efforts. We have a somewhat unique opportunity of being a part of significant developments in education and yet being somewhat apart from them. Hopefully, this perspective will be helpful to you in your deliberations at this Assembly and beyond. Among the challenges would seem to be the following: 1. Creativity in institutionalizing the concept of lifelong learning continuing education. No institution of higher education has really accepted the full implications of the concept of lifelong learning and done something about it-done somethin g about it in terms of the organizational chart of the institution, the patterns of financin g, the reward �8 s y s t emf o rf a c u l t y ,f u n c t i o n a la c t i v i t i e sa n dr e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h i nt h ei n s t i t u t i o na n dw i t ho r g a n i z a t i o n sb e y o n d . I ti st r u et h a tw e h a v ee x am p l e so fe f f o r t si nt h i s d i r e c t i o n ,b u tt h e ya r ef r a gm e n t a r ya n di n c om p l e t e . W e do i n d e e dn e e dc om p r e h e n s i v em o d e l s o fw h a tm i g h t b ed e s c r i b e d a sa c o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nu n i v e r s i t y . W e n e e dm o r e s u c ham b i t i o u sa n dc om p r e h e n s i v ei n s t i t u t i o n a le f f o r t s . 2 . C r e a t i v i t yi np r o b l em o r i e n t e dp r o g r am s ,i na d d i t i o nt ot h e mo r e t r a d i t i o n a ld i s c i p l i n e o r i e n t e da p p r o a c h . Mo s t p r o b l em sw h i c hc o n c e r no u rs o c i e t ya r ec om p l e x , i n t e r r e l a t e d ,m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y , d i f f u s e ;o nt h ec o n t r a r y , t h es o l u t i o n sw e c o n t r i v ea r eu s u a l l yh i g h l ys p e c i f i c , p r o s c r i b e d ,s im p l i s t i c . T h i sd i c h o t om yb e tw e e nt h en a t u r e o fp r o b l em sa n ds o l u t i o n si sa m a j o r s o u r c eo ff r u s t r a t i o n a n df a i l u r e . A se x am p l e s ,c o n s i d e ro u rc o n c e r n sw i t hh e a l t h c a r ed e l i v e r y ,w i t ht h ev i a b i l i t yo fo u rl o c a lp o l i t i c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s ,w i t ht h ee f f i c a c yo fe l em e n t a r y s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n . R e s o u r c e s f r omt h r o u g h o u tt h eu n i v e r s i t ym u s t b em o b i l i z e d t od e a li na c om p r e h e n s i v ea n da d e q u a t ew ay w i t hs u c hi s s u e s . 3 . C r e a t i v i t yi nw o r kw i t ht h ei n f o rm a ln e tw o r ko fc o n t i n u i n o . 0 e d u c a t i o no r g a n i z a t i o n s . H e r e Im e an v o l u n t a r ya e s e r v i c eo r g a n i z a t i o n sl commun i ty i n s t i t u t i o n ss u c ha s e ~ �9 libraries, museums, art centers, churches. While it's true that continuing education activities of universities customarily include contacts with such entities as these, such inter-relationships are neither as systematic nor as comprehensive as they should be. 4. Creativity in developing linkages between the formal (traditional undergraduate, and graduate) and informal teaching programs. Usually these teaching activities at the university exist side by side with virtually no interaction. Again, there are a few encouraging exceptions. 5. Creativity in inter-institutional arran gements, implyin g coordination and cooperation. Institutions of higher edu- cation must be less unilateral in their educational activities. Society will no longer tolerate the apparent inefficiencies of multiple, duplicative efforts. Better answers must be demonstrated in the roles and relationships of universities, four-year colleges, community colleges--public and private-in meeting educational goals. 6. Creativity in identifying specific target audiences in various settings. With some audiences , exemplary effort in continuing education can be cited; other audiences are virtually or absolutely unreached. No one would advocate that a university should be all things to all people. But should not institu- tions of higher education be charged with strengthening all of education--with creating new institutional forms if they �10 are needed, nurturing them, preparing personnel, evaluating their effectiveness, and developing modifications that the educational needs may be better met? 7. Creativity in the use of new technology in learning. Much has been made of new hardware and software available for teaching. Most impressive examples of experimental efforts can be cited. But characteristically, teaching tends to be more of the same old thing. The challenge in the utilization of new technology appears to lie with the human element. As a society we have built a great industry around the concept of estate planning. There is one pre-condition for the implementation of the elaborate scheme we design ... 1 must die. As one who finds that option not appealing but who continues to be a student of sorts in various circumstances, 1 am moved to suggest: Why not a compre- hensive approach to building an individual plan for lifelong learning and growth? Such a plan should reflect the latest concepts of the stages of adult development; incorporate my personal values and goals; and represent a totally comprehensive and refreshingly new accommodation of educational institutions to the interrelationships between work (profession, career); family; leisure; and learning. 1 wish one of my alma maters had enough interest in and concern for me to remind me that my "intellectual capital" is depreciating and in fact may be obsolete. 1 wish they had developed my sensitivity to this fact during my undergraduate days, reminding me in my freshman year that what 1 was learning in sociology and chemistry would be hopelessly outdated as time passed and that 1 should undertake a �11 systematic plan for intellectual rejuvenation and expansion. Some colleges and universities have undertaken very creative alumni programs, for which you are to be commended. But such efforts seem not characteristic of higher education nor generally available to alurrmi. In general, health care systems are designed for the convenience of the professional staff; in like fashion, education systems tend to operate for the convenience of the faculty and the institution. This will change--and dramatically--in the years immediately ahead. both through modification of what is, and through the creation of new institutional structures, if that alternative seems more feasible. Hopefully , the leadership for either remodeling or building anew will corne from professionals in education, who can if they but will. In your various responsibilities--in alumni affairs , fund raising and development, publications and information, institutional and go v e r n ment relations--you can be influential in shaping the future. You have been perhaps too modest, too in awe of the "pure academic"; higher education--and society--would be the beneficiaries of your more active participation in the decisive dynamics of your institutions . III From these comments you can see that I am bullish on the future of higher education in this country. future of private foundations, Before venturin g a look at the let me comment very briefly upon the interdependence of these social institutions--instftutions of higher education and institutions of private philanthropy. The Foundation Center in New York City defines a foundation as a non- governmental, non-profit organization, with funds and programs �1 2 m an ag ed b yi t sow nd i r e c t o r s ,a n de s t a b l i s h e dt om a i n t a i no ra i d s o c i a l ,e d u c a t i o n a l ,c h a r i t a b l e ,r e l i g i o u s ,o ro t h e ra c t i v i t i e s s e r v i n gt h ecommon w e l f a r e , p r im a r i l yt h r o u g ht h em a k i n g o fg r a n t s . A t t h en a t i o n a ll e v e la f ewn am e s co rn eq u i c k l yt om i n d -F o r d, R o c k e f e l l e r , L i l l y ,K r e s g e,M e l l o n , J o h n s o n ,~ p e r h a p se v e nK e l l o g g . tt S l o a n ,C a r n e g i e , B u to fg r e a t e rs i g n i f i c a n c en um e r i c a l l ya n d v e r yo f t e no ft h eg reatest s i g n i f i c a n c et oi n d i v i d u a li n s t i t u t i o n s a r et h em y r i a d s om e 2 5 ,OOO f o u n d a t i o n sw h o s e i n t e r e s t sa r el o c a lo r r e g i o n a l ,r e l a t i n go f t e nt os p e c i a li n t e r e s t sa n ds e l e c t e di n s t i t u t i o n s . H i s t o r i c a l l ya n dc u r r e n t l y ,t h el a r g e s tb e n e f i c i a lc a t e g o r yo f f o u n d a t i o ng r a n t si se d u c a t i o n . vm i l ei ti sd i f f i c u l tt og e tp r e c i s e i n f o rm a t i o n ,p r o b a b l yh a l fo fa l lf o u n d a t i o nd o l l a r s go t oe d u c a t i o n b r o a d l yd e f i n e d . T h u s , p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n s i ns e r v i n gt h e i rp a r t i c u l a rs o c i a lg o a l s -m o s to f t e nl o o kt oi n s t i t u t i o n so fe d u c a t i o na s g rant r e c i p i e n t s . F rom t h es t a n d p o i n to fc o l l e g e sa n du n i v e r s i t i e s ,y o ua r eb e t t e r a b l e t ocomm en tt h a nI on t h eim p o r t a n c eo fp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o nf u n d s . 2t I na r e c e n tr e p o r t ot h e at ~ A c ad emy o fE d u c a t i o n on "E d u c a t i o n a n dM a j o r P h i l a n t h r o p i cF o u n d a t i o n s , "t h ea u t h o r ss u g g e s ttwob r o a d f u n c t i o n so ff o u n d a t i o ns u p p o r t : 1 . To p r o v i d eb a s i cs u p p o r t ,w h e r e i t i sm o s t n e e d e d ,t ot h e e d u c a t i o n a ls y s t em . T h i si sa c o n s t r u c t i v e ,c o n s e r v a t i v e t y p eo fa c t i v i t y ,l i k e l yt ob eg e n e r a l l ya p p r e c i a t e d . 2 "E d u c a t i o na n dM a j o r P h i l a n t h r o p i cF o u n d a t i o n s , "A R e p o r t t ot h e N a t i o n a lA c ad emy o fE d u c a t i o n ,b yR o b e r tJ .H a v i g h u r s t , P r o f e s s o ro f E d u c a t i o na n dHum an D e v e l o pm e n t, T h eU n i v e r s i t yo fC h i c a g o ; D o n a l dB . H o l s i n g e r , A s s i s t a n tP r o f e s s o ro fE d u c a t i o n , t h eU n i v e r s i t yo fC h i c ag o ; a n dE r i kS . L u n d e , A s s i s t a n tP r o f e s s o r ,D e p a r tm e n t o fAm e r i c a nT h o u g h t a n dL a n g u a g e ,M i c h i g a n S t a t eU n i v e r s i t y . A p r i l1 976. �13 This is a support for the Establishment, in which the foundation allies itself with the main body of educators. 2. To support innovation and experimentation, aimed at improvement through change in the educational system and in the society. The Rockefeller Foundation President, Chester Barnard, in his 1951 report, wrote that the Rockefeller Foundation has been, "a pioneer and a supporter of pioneers." This function can and very likely will disturb the Establishment at times. It can be seen by some people as a threat to their way of life. On the other hand, the modern western society is so change oriented that innovation and experimentation are welcomed by many people in principle, even though they may be uncomfortable at times. And then analyzing seven decades of foundation activity in the field of education, the report to the National Academy concludes, "We are at once impressed with the basic and essential roles that have been filled by the foundations. They supplied the major financial support for higher education at two critical periods-the 1920's and the 1950's. Their support for endowment and for faculty salaries stimulated the private colleges and universities to raise even more through campaigns with alumni and friends to contribute their share on a matching basis. Their support for education in the South brought in the resources badly needed by the poorest region of the country. "We note that some foundations have maintained a fairly sharp and narrow focus for their programs in the field of education. The Mott Foundation, with emphasis on Community �14 School, has made a unique and important contribution. The Lilly Endowment has consistently supported religious education and programs of training for the ministry; and has been a consistent supporter of private colleges in the State of Indiana. "The Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Ford Foundations, together with Kellog g and Danforth, have worked assiduously at improvement and innovation, in league with reformers and researchers. In this respect they have occasionall y assisted controversial projects and this would seem essential if they are to serve as chan ge a gents. "As the federal government has moved into the field of support for educational research and development since 1960, there must be a reconsideration of the functions of private foundations in this area. Government support may become much larger than foundation support for research and development. So far the witness of educational researchers and policy makers who have received financial support from governmental and foundation sources is that the foundations do a more satisfactory job." A more detailed statistical or philosophical analysis is not appropriate at this time. I think most observers and participants in higher education would agree that the support of private foundations has been beneficial in promoting experimentation and facilitating constructive change. �15 IV With an optimistic view of the future for higher education and a recognition of the mutually beneficial relationships of institutions of higher learnin g and of private philanthropy in the past, let us now turn briefly to a look at private foundations in the future. It is in this element of the interdependent relationship that the prospect seems less bright. Turning back to our Bicentennial theme, it seems appropriate to remind ourselves that voluntary giving--of time, talent, money--is an American phenomenon which characterizes our society. From the days of earliest settlement, we have endorsed and employed a pluralistic approach in meetin g societal goals, mobilizin g both private and public resources . You realize that private foundations (actually private resources which are voluntarily and irrevocably committed to public benefit) are but one small part of the private voluntary sector , simply a legal mechanism by which the fruits of the free enterprise system can be systematically directed to social benefit through private voluntary initiative. All of us here should be concerned with the continuing vitality of private philanthropy and recognize that, whether donee or donor, our futures are inextricably entwined--interdependent. It is to the future of private foundation philanthropy which I propose to direct our attention now in the most candid and pragmatic terms. In the first place, it is sobering to realize that the only private foundations in tomorrow's world already exist today. Under current tax law, the birth rate of new foundations is virtually zero, �16 the few exceptions being essentially those for which irrevocable instruments had been drawn pre-TRA-69. Further, the numbers of foundations in the future--unless there are changes in the law--will be slowly declining , for coupled with the zero birth rate, is an accelerated death rate . Those passing from the sceriethus far are generally the smaller private family foundations whose vital contributions are to local philanthropy. Traditionally composed of equity holdings in the family business, they are beset by the complexities of conformance with the 1969 law and are particularly burdened by the payout rules of Section 4942 and the divestiture provisions of Section 4943. For many, the only reasonable course seems either dissolution or, of somewhat less negative consequence to philanthropy, transference of assets to a community foundation. Nonetheless, they pass from the private foundation scene. Finally, private foundations in tomorrow's world will have a lessening significance in the total social scene. Hhile our national economy will continue to grow, the resources of private foundations will not keep pace in either relative or absolute terms. of this problem relates to inflation . One aspect The educational and service enterprises which are the usual concerns of philanthropy tend to experience inflationary pressure beyond that for the economy in general. Most damaging to the capacity of private foundations to serve tomorrow's expandin g need, however, are those provisions of TRA-69 which are drying up the flow of new capital into existing foundations and which mandate the continuing erosion of their productive assets. �17 Manyof today's foundations -- the W. K. Kellogg Foundation being but one example -- started as small foundations which later received substantial assets from the donor and/or his estate. Many of the smaller foundations of today were created with the same intent. However, because of the several disincentives of TRA-69, no significant amount of new capital will now flow into these foundations. But the most debilitatin g provision of the current Code is Section 4942 , which requires that private foundations payout for their charitable purposes each year the gr e a t e r of net income or 6 percent of the market value of their assets. Investment managers know that historically portfolios produce less than 6 percent, actually over the long term somewhere closer to 3.5 or 4 percent. Thus, to meet this excessive payout requirement, foundation managers must consistently invade their corpus, thus continually eroding away the productive base on which their philanthropic activities depend . This is an unsound practice in the prudent fiscal management of private entities and will progressively impair the effectiveness of all foundations. Let me illustrate the impact of the present payout requirement using the foundation with which I am associated. From its inception in 1935 through its 1976 fiscal year, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation Trust will have made actual distribution of $296 million for charitable purposes. If the distribution requirements of TRA-69 had been in effect during those 42 years and had the Trust been required to annually distribute the higher of income or 6 percent of the market value of its assets, the distribution over the period �18 w o u l dh a v et o t a l e d$316 m i l l i o n , o ra ni n c r e a s eo fo n l y $20 m i l l i o n . How ev e r , t om e e t t h i sm a n d a t o r y p a y o u tr e q u i r em e n tt h eT r u s tw o u l d h a v eh a dt os e l l K e l l o g g s t o c kh a v i n ga m a r k e t v a l u et o d a yo f $440 m i l l i o n . T h u s , t op r o v i d ea 6 1 / 2p e r c e n ti n c r e a s et oc h a r i t y ,t h e T r u s t ' sc u r r e n ta s s e t sw o u l dh a v eb e e nr e d u c e db y5 3% t oa m a r k e t v a l u eo f $392 m i l l i o n , a so p p o s e dt oi t sa c t u a lm a r k e t v a l u eo f $832 m i l l i o n . F u r t h e rm o r e ,f u t u r ed i s t r i b u t i o n st oc h a r i t yw o u l dh a v e b e e ns i g n i f i c a n t l yr e d u c e db e c a u s eo ft h ed e p l e t e da s s e t sa n d e a r n i n g so ft h eT r u s t . T h i si se v i d e n c e db yt h ef a c tt h a td u r i n g 1976 t h eT r u s tw i l le a r na p p r o x im a t e l y$31 m i l l i o nw h i c hw i l lb e d i s t r i b u t e df o rc h a r i t a b l ep u r p o s e sa so p p o s e dt oe a r n i n g so fo n l y $15 m i l l i o nw h i c hw o u l db ea v a i l a b l eh a di t sa s s e t sb e e nd e p l e t e d b yt h eTRA -69 p a y o u tr e q u i r em e n t s . S u c he v i d e n c ea st h i sc o n v i n c e su st h a tt h eb e s ti n t e r e s t so f s o c i e t ya r en o tb e i n gs e r v e db ye x i s t i n gl e g i s l a t i o na n dt h a t ,w h i l e m any p r o v i s i o n so fTRA -69 a r el a u d a t o r y ,c e r t a i no t h e r sw a r r a n t m o d i f i c a t i o n o nt h eb a s i so fe e~ e e t od a t e . I nt h e s eo b s e r v a t i o n s , Ih a v er e f e r r e do f t e nt osm a l lf o u n d a t i o n s . Th eF o u n d a t i o nC e n t e rt e l l su st h a tt h e r ea r ea p p r o x im a t e l y2 5 , 0 0 0 p r i v a t eg r a n t -m a k i n gf o u n d a t i o n si nt h i sc o u n t r y . W h e n t h ew o r d " f o u n d a t i o n "i sm e n t i o n e d , e v e nt ot h o s ek n ow l e d g e a b l ei nt h ef i e l d , t h ei n s t a n tr e a c t i o ni st ot h i n kb i g : F o r d ,R o c k e f e l l e r , J o h n s o n , M e l l o n , K r e s g e , L i l l y ,p e r h a p se v e nK e l l o g g . T h e s ea r eh i g h l y v i s i b l ef o u n d a t i o n sw i t h l a r g ea s s e t s ,s u b s t a n t i a la n n u a le x p e n d i t u r e s , p r o f e s s i o n a ls t a f f ,a n da n a t i o n a lo ri n t e r n a t i o n a ls p h e r eo fa c t i v i t y . �19 But we need to remind ourselves that 90 percent of the foundations -or some 22,500 -- have assets of less than $1 million. At the other end of the size spectrum, only 38 have assets of $100 million or more. While the big few may be the most newsworthy in view of the media , the "quiet majority" of the private foundation world are conscientiously pursuing their respective and diverse activities in their individual communities. And to the people of those com- munities -- large and small, in every state -- and to the private voluntary or ganizations and institutions which serve local needs, the modest contributions of these quiet foundations are vital indeed. But in the public arena -- especially as policy decisions are made -- the quiet majority are not heard. Individually they have little voice; even collectively , in common with all foundations, they lack political clout. 1fhile this assessment of today's foundation in tomorrow's world may have a g l o omy complexion , it is sharply brightened by two realizations: First, the agenda of pressing human issues deservin g the best efforts of both private and public resources is long and urgent. In recent years, as government has grown ever larger and more encompassing at all levels, some have seen the public tax-supported sector as the ultimate architect and engineer in all programs of social purpose. This contrasts with the tested tradition of the American experience the mutually beneficial relationships of public and private enterprise in serving the best interests of our nation and its people. �20 But there is now a growing awareness among our citizens that burgeoning governmental programs and bureaucracies, ever greater outpourings of governmental funds are not fulfilling our nation's go a l s . Simultaneously in the voluntary sector, programs and pro- fessionals are becoming more sophisticated, responding in more adequate ways to the complex problems of society. The varied talents of volunteers are being effectively utilized in more sensitive and valuable services which meet human needs. Often working in concert, public and private efforts--in health care, education, libraries, services for the elderly and the handicapped, youth-serving organizations, church-related activities, special needs of minorities, cultural arts--are better meeting human needs than could either alone. Voluntary giving -- of time, talent, money -- will continue to be an important ingredient in the betterment of the human condition, enhancing recipient and g i v e r a l i k e . Common sense tells us that the future will be even more demandin g of individuals and institutions than the past. In the spirit of this conference, the best of both the private and the public will be required. Hopefully private initiative and voluntary effort will be permitted and encouraged to playa major and appropriate role in the future as in the past. Second, though certain provisions of TRA-69 are proving counter-productive to the best interests of society by impacting negatively on philanthropy, the law can be modified. Experience over the past six years provides a basis for careful review and revision through the Con gressional process. �21 U n h a p p i l y , t od a t ei nt h ec r ow d e da g e n d ao fp r i o r i t i e sc o n f r o n t i n gC o n g r e s s , t h es u b j e c to ft a xr e f o rmh a sr e c e i v e ds c a n t a t t e n t i o n . And wh en t a xm a t t e r s a r ea d d r e s s e d ,t h ec o n c e r n so f p h i l a n t h r o p yh a v en o tr a n k e dh i g h . H o p e f u l l y , c o n c e r t e de f f o r t b ys u c ha st h eg r o u pa s s em b l e dh e r ew i l lr e s u l ti nf u r t h e rc o n s i d e r a t i o no ft h e s em a t t e r s b yC o n g r e s s . Iw o u l d em p h a s i z et h a t my c o n c e r nr e s t sn o to n l y w i t hp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n s ,b u tw i t ha l l p o l i c yi s s u e sa n dl aw sw h i c hb e a r on t h ep r i v a t en o n p r o f i ts e c t o r . F o re x am p l e, w em u s t b ev i g i l a n tt h a tf u r t h e rd am ag ei sn o td o n e t h r o u g hc h a n g e sw h i c hc o u l dn e g a t i v e l ye f f e c tc h a r i t a b l eg i v i n gb y a l t e r i n gt h ec h a r i t a b l ed e d u c t i o no rd i s c o u r a g i n gg i f t so fa p p r e c i a t e d a s s e t s . On e h o p e d f o ro b j e c t i v eo ft h eComm i s s ion on P r i v a t e P h i l a n t h r o p ya n dP u b l i cN e ed s i st os t im u l a t ea s y s t em a t i c r e t h i n k i n gb yt h eAm e r i c a np e o p l eo ft h er o l eo ft h ep r i v a t e n o n p r o f i ts e c t o r . Th ea n a l y s e sa n dr e c omm e n d a t i o n so ft h eC omm i s s i o n p r o v i d eu s e f u la n ds t im u l a t i n gi n s i g h ta n dc a ns e r v ea st h eb a s i s f o rr e a p p r a i s a l ,n o to n l ya tt h en a t i o n a ll e v e lb u ta tt h eg r a s s r o o t s . Th ec h a l l e n g et ot h eg r o u ph e r ea s s em b l e di st oh e l pt h i s h a p p e na c r o s st h el a n d . L e t ' sn o tm i s s t h i s rtu t ~ I ns um n a r y ,i f p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n sa r et ob ea n im p o r t a n tp a r t o ft om o r r ow ' sw o r l d , s e r i o u st h o u g h ts h o u l db eg i v e nt ot h e f o l l ow i n g : 1 . Th ep r o v i s i o n so fTRA -69 w h i c h im p a c tn e g a t i v e l ya n d d i s c r im i n a t e ag a i n s tp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n ss h o u l db em o d i f i e d . A s r e comm end edb yt h eC o u n c i l on F o u n d a t i o n si nt h e i rr e p o r t �22 t ot h eF i l e rC omm i s s i o n , t h e r es h o u l db ea r e d u c t i o no ft h e 4p e r c e n te x c i s et a x ,w h i c hd i v e r t smon ey f r omd o n e e s ;a n a d j u s tm e n to ft h er e q u i r e da n n u a lp a y o u t ;r em o v a lo fs p e c i a l l im i t a t i o n son g i f t st of o u n d a t i o n s ;a d j u s tm e n t si nc e r t a i n d i v e s t i t u r er e q u i r em e n t s ;a n da ne a s i n go fc e r t a i np r o g r am r e s t r i c t i o n s . 2 . D i v e r s i t y among p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n ss h o u l db ep r e s e r v e da n d e n c o u r a g e d . F o r t u n a t e l y ,a l ldo n o th a v et h es am ep u r p o s e s , a r e a so fi n t e r e s t ,s t y l eo fo p e r a t i o n ,o rs p h e r eo fa c t i v i t y . S u c hv a r i e t y ,w i t hr e s p o n s i b l es t ew a r d s h i pby c o n s c i e n t i o u s t r u s t e e sa n dm a n a g e r s a n dw i t ha p p r o p r i a t es u p e r v i s i o ni n t h ep u b l i ci n t e r e s t ,s e r v e sd o n e e sa n ds o c i e t ya sw e l l . 3 . C o n s t r a i n t sa n dr e g u l a t i o n ,w h e t h e rb yg o v e r nm e n t a le d i c t o rs e l f im p o s e db yt h ef i e l d ,s h o u l db ek e p tt oa m in imum . A g a i n a s s um i n gr e s p o n s i b l es t ew a r d s h i pa n da p p r o p r i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n ,p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n ss h o u l dn o tb ef u r t h e r b u r d e n e dw i t hs t i f l i n gr e g u l a t i o n s ,b u r e a u c r a t i cp r o c e d u r e s , u n e n d i n gc a v e a t s, 4. F i n a l l y, v o l u n t a r yg i v i n g-w h e t h e ro ft im eo rt a l e n t o rmon ey a n db yw h a t e v e rm e a n s -i sa f r a g i l ehum an a c t i o n , s u b j e c tt oc a r e f u ln u r t u r i n gb u te a s i l yt u r n e do f f . Th e p e r s o no fm e an s who c omm i t sr e s o u r c e st oa p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o nd o e ss ov o l u n t a r i l y ,i r r e v o c a b l ya n dc om p l e t e l y-100 p e r c e n t ,b e y o n da n yr a t eo ft a x a t i o n . F u r t h e r ,t h o s ef u n d s c a nt h e nb ee x p e n d e do n l yi na c c o r d a n c ew i t h t h et a xl aw , �23 under IRS supervision, and only for purposes and to organizations and institutions designated by Congress as being educational, charitable, and in the public interest. To go far beyond this in prescribing issues to be addressed, clientele to be served, procedures and policies will be counter to the interests of a vital private sector. Centralized dictation will serve only to further deplete the philanthropic reservoir. v In 1935, after five experimental years, W. K. Kellogg transferred the bulk of his fortune to irrevocable trusts of which the Kellogg Foundation is still the beneficiary. In a letter to trustees and staff, he reviewed at that time his rationale for the creation of the Foundation which bears his name and concluded with the following observation regardin g the Foundation's activities: "I am g l a d that the educational approach has been emphasized. Relief, raiment, and shelter are necessary for destitute children, but the greatest 'good for the greatest number can come only through the education of the child, the parent, the teacher, the family physician, the dentist, and the community in general. Education offers the greatest opportunity for really improvin g one generation over another." That observation is as valid today as it was four decades ago. The resources of private foundations are small in relation to need. But utilized wisely, they playa distinctive role, often critical �24 and catalytic, in providing for experimentation , redirection, exploration, service .... and thereby contribute to betterment of the human conditions. In concert with higher education, whether private or public, private initiative through philanthropy is vital to further progress in fulfillment of the American dream. Private foundations, once an apparently secure part of philanthropy, are now an endangered species . If they are to be a vital part of private effort in the future as in the past, they must have the un derstandin g, support, and help of others who feel as do we that private v oluntary effort is important . This Annual Assembly is dedicated to the promise of a stronger nation through a dynamic educational s ystem. Private foundations have contributed to your dramatic progress and accomplishments to date. In the continuing spirit of interdependence serving the common good, may we continue these mutually beneficial efforts in the years ahead. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1976-01-14_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, The Greatest Opportunity Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 14, 1976 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the opening general session of the Annual Assembly of the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-01-14 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a11a9e9f0dccee70ec27c1c32cf7b430.pdf 31c5db3ecb3ec34fcbb95f40c45aadd9 PDF Text Text "WHICH POCK ET?" O u t l i ne o fR em a rks b yD r . Rus s e ll G .M awb y , Ch ai rm a n a n d Ch ief E xec u ti v eO ffi c e r W . K . K e l l ogg F o u n d a t i o n B a t t l eC r e e k , Mi c h ig a n E conom i cC l u bo fG rand R ap ids J a n u a r y 16 , 1984 ~d V; ~OOd 1 . IN TRODUCTION tob eb a ck "home "i nG r and R api d s: 1 . N a t i ve of K e n tC o u n t y 2 . G r a d u a t eo fG r an dR api d s 'C r e st o nH i g h Schoo l B . ~nce ~ovember CMF Conference in GrandRapids: 1 . "Th eG r and R a p i d s Stor~~ ' as t o l db yD i c kG i l l e t te ,a s w e l l a sr e l a t e dr em a r k s by R i c h a r dD eVo s , B il l Se i dm a n a n do t h e r s . 2. R e c o r dC o n f er e n c etu r nout ;d r a m a ti c ,posi t ive im p r e s s i o n o fG r and Ra p i d s ,i t s pe o p l e , its h o sp i t a l i t y . ~~ A . ~~ Publ i cpurposes~are , i ntwop rim ary - �.. B y gove r nm e n t : e x p e n d i t ur e sfromthe p u bl i csec t or ' s " t a xp o c k e t . " a. ~ ~t g o v e r nm e n tw i ll ,in 1984, ~ i nt a xc o ll e c t ions from a l l of u s. . $66 0 bi l lion ~~ ~ b . Ap o c k et fromw h i c hg o ve r nme n tw il l ,i ntu rn, r e d i s t r i b u t e sam e re s ou rc e s-p lus $189 bi l lio n d o ll a r s it d o esn ' thav e -- f o rp u b li cp u r poses . c . Purpo se s as : o e f e n s e ($239 b ill i o n ) ;so cia l F serv i ces ($300b i ll i o n ) ;edu ca t ~n ($ 13.5b i llio n ) ; veter a n s' bene f i U( $ 2 6b i l li o n) ;a long w i - b i l l i o nju st top a y in t e r es ton o u rn a t i ona l - d e b t ! ~ oo an a 348 on~ P u b l i cp u r p o ses a lso fu lfilled throu g h vo l u nt a r y c o n t r i b ut i on si no u r soc ie ty f r oma n o t her ,"pr i va t e s e c t o rp oc k e t ." a . I nto t a ld o l l a r s ,t h is pocke tof reso u r c e s no t as im p r e s siv ea s gover n m en ta l coun terpar t . Som e 2 �w ay s mo r e im p o r t a n t ,mo r e refle ct i v e ,of Am e ri c a n va l ues a n db el i efs . b . E ach y e a rAm e r ica n ~s L,;'9~~ . . . -lL .... ;+10"8 i t hc o r p o ra t i o n s a n d fo u nda tions, dona te $60 b illi o ni n t o" p r i v a t e - s e c t o rp o c k e t "o fo u rs o c i e ty fo rc h a r i t a b l e cause sa n dp u r p oses . N ine t yp er c en t ( $55 b i lli o n ) i scon tribut e dby i n d i v i d u a l s . c . M o re than h al f Am e r i c ans a l s ore g u l a r l yvo l un te e r t h ei rtim e . E s t im a ted t h a t Am e r ic a n sw i ll v o l u nt e e r$ 6 4b i l l i o n in servi c e st oo ur co mmun itie s i n1 9 8 4 . d . Tot a l g i v i ng of t im e ,t a l e n t ,and m o ne y by Amer i c a nc it i zens i n1 9 8 4 wi l l be abou t$124 b i l l ion -sam e as 15 p e r cen tof al l F ede r a l go v e r nm e n te x p e n d i t u res f o ra ll p u r p o s e s . e . N early every f u nc tion now p e r f o r me db yg o v e r nm e n t once prov ided by v o l u n t a r yg r oups in o u rs o c i e t yeducat i on, w e lf a re, care o f the aged, a n dt h e b u il d i n gof r o a d s . 3 �f. R ecen t p e r i o d inAm e rican h isto r y( 1 960s a n d 197 0 s) b e l i e v e d ev eryt h i n g co u l d be done o u to f the governm e n t's " t a xp o c k et . " "L e tt h eg o v e r nme n t do i t "w a s the c r y . B illio n so nb i l l i o n so f ---- dol l a r sspent as g o vernm e n tt o o ko ver ,o r be g a n ~ .. r e g u l a t i n g ,e d1 . facets o fo ur n a t i suu tl i f e . g. S t !~a ' Part reason w hy U n ited S t a t es faces esti m a ted $189 b il l i o n de f i c i tth is y e a r ; h as acc um u l a t e da $ 1 . 3t r i l l i on dolla rna t ion a l d e bt . h . . . . . P e rson a . l . . l a v d o la r s . e c o n om i c sa t e "t h a t tri l lion-p lu sd o l l a r of American a utomob ile so rb u s h e ls o fw he a t it wou ld buy? 4 �~ ~~ ~ h i l e i .W ~ d~ ; : e : . • " .~ ~ ; a t On s t ar t jngt oundeF et d" t h r ow i n g" g o v ernm en t ya t soc ia lp r o b l em sd o es n't so lve them . mone j . R e c o g n i ze im p o r t a n c eof tha tot h e r" v o l u n ta r y s e c to rp o c k et "of t im e ,e n e r g y , and comm i tme nt i no u r so cie ty. B eginn in g to s e ec i ti z e n sand i e sd e v o t et h e i rown hum an an df i nan cia l commun it re s o u r c e st oso l v ing p r o b l em s-r a t h er than w a i t in g fo r governm e n ta l one to do i t fo r th e m . ~c ~ ~ { ~ • )nl~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ r:J.. i III. THE GRAND " RAP ID S EXAMPLE A . L ook in ga r o u n d the na tion, no b et t e rexam p le of s u c h vol u n t a r yi n i t i a t i v e s ;o f suc c e s s fu l" r e b a la n c i n g "g o v er n m en t and c iti z e nr e spons i b ility than w h at b e e n accompl i s h e d h e r ei nG r and R ap i d s . B . ~c~ t.~ ~ ~c D ic kG i l l e t t e ca ~ t t h e2 5 y e a r ," f o u r c o r n e r s t o n e " effo rt. B u i lt u p o nl o c a l ,pr i v a te m o n e y as "stim u l an t " f o rap p r o p r i a t eg o v e r nm e n t a li n v o l v em e n tin fund ingo f f o u rc o r n e r s t o n e s : �1 . G r a n dR a p i d s' e x p r e s sw a ya n du r b a nr e n e w al , 2. down tow no f f i ce a n dg o v e r nme n t a lc om p l e x , 3 . r e d e v e l o pm e nt o f strong r e t a i l b u si n e s s e sd own t ow n ; a n d 4. G r a n dR a p i d s as a c o n v e n t i o n / e n t e r t a i nm en tc e nt e r . C . E a r l yp r iv ate mon e yc o mmi tm e n t si n c l u d e dt h eG ra n dR a p i d s ;v; ~ ~ F o u n d a t i o n , St e e l c a s e , Amw ay , G r a n dR a p i ds b a n k s. > :0 .-6' I t 1. G r eat l ycom pounded scope of o t h e r ,l a t e r doll a r c o n t r i b u t i o n s . E xem pl a ry comm itm e n t stended t os e t h i g he x p e c t a t i o n sf o r ot h e r si nG ra n dR api d s . 2. Comm i tm en to f these founda tio n s, i n d i v i d u a l s ,co rpo ra tions, b a n ks a d d e db e li e v a b i l i t ya n dc r e d i b il i t yto t u r n i n g ad r e am fo rG r a n dR a p i d s ' fu t u r ei n t osom e t h ing a c h i e v a b l e . D . ~ a tc o r p g r a e±ons in t h i scommun i ty ~~ p r o v i d e dc e n t r a l le a d e r s h i p . c a s e s ,t h e ~~d~a~~ a n k sa r e c o r p o r a ti o n sa n db s t a k ei nt h i s comm u n i t ya n di t sfu ture. 6 ' ~ ~ D - ~ ~ ' - �1 . G r and R a p i ds 's u c c e s sal s or e f l e c t s an ew p e r ce pt i o n a b o u tw h a t is p r o p e r ,a n d poss i b l e ,f o rc o r p o r a ti o n s in t e rm so ft h e i rl a r g e rr o l ei no u rs o c i e t y . ~ ~ .I - IV . ROLE OF CORPORAT IONS A . o r p o r a t i o n se v o lved a n dd e v e l o p e dt h r o u g h years, A s c s o c i e t y ' se x p e c t a t i o n sh a v ec h a n g e db e y o n dt h e i rh i s t o r i c p u r p o s e :c r e a t i o nof g o o d s and s e r vi c e sa ta p r o f i t . B. My p e r s o n a lb el i e fth is h is t o r i cp u r p o s ei sst i l l c e n t r a l a n dv a l i d . J o h nD e smond G l o v e r of H a r v a r d ' sB us i n e s s S c h o o lh as n o t e d extrao rd ina ry l e v e l so fAm eri c a nproduc tion, an dc o n s um p t i o n ,no tp o ss i b l ew i thou t an i n d u s t r i a lo r g a ni z a t i o n r e p r e s e n t e db yc o r p o r a t i o n s : "C o rpo ra tio n sa r et h e ' p r i n c i p l e e n g i n e s 'c r e a t i n gp l e n t y ,p u s h i n gg row th, a n d lead in g c h a n g e in t h eU n i te dS t a t e s ." 1. P as t80 years, r e a ld is p o s a b l e in com e trip led w h il e wo rk tim ed e cl i n e db y a th ird i nt h eU .S .) ~ ~; ; r~~ 7 �C . P u b l i c de b a t eo v e r the r o l e of c o r p o r a t i o n sl i k e ly t o c o n ti n u e . ~ ear~corporat ons face d e l i c a t ew ei g h i ng of d em and so f the c o r p o r a t i o n 's m a i n c o n s t i t ue n ci e s :c u s t om e r s , emp loy ees ,communitie s ,s o c i e t ya tl a r g e ,s u p p li e r s , s h a r e h o l d e r s . r , g ro ss m i sr e p r e s e n t a t i o n by som et h a t"mo st c o r p o r a t i o n s D. Howeve don't g i v eany th ing a t ~ ~ ch a r it a b l eo rs o c i a lp u r p oses ." I o -U o+ o -~ d l.. : ;p. .H :~ ~ ~ Re c e n t l yre l e a s e dst u d y( b yC ou n c i lf o rFi n a n c i a lA i d to E d u c a t i o n ) show sj u s t the oppos i t e-c o r p o r a t i o n sm ad e c h a r it a b l ec o n t r i b u t i o n sof nearly $3.5b i l l i o ni n1982 ev e nw h i le stra in ing u n d e rt h i r dc o n s e c u t i v e ye a rof d e cli n i n gp r o f i t s . 1 Po rtion o fp ret a xn e ti n c om eg i v e nb yc o r p o r a t i o n st o cha r itab le o r g a n i z a t i o n sh a s rem ai n ed ne a ro n ep e r c e n t m a r k ( 1 . 2 9p e r c e n t in1 9 8 1 ). B u tg r ow i n g numb e ro f c om p a n i e si nU n i t e dS ta t e sseek t oboos ttha tp e r c e n t h i g h e r . 8 �. : / I I H av ed o n et h is ,m o st p a r t, t h r o u g hf o rm a t i o n of " c l u b s "of c o r p o r a t i o n sw h i c h a n n u a l l yg i v e ei t her I n to r 5 pe r c e n t of i n c ome t ononprof i t o rga n i z a2 perce t i o n s . A t le a st n i n e ci t i e sw ith these c l u b s :M inn e ap o l i s r e the i d e asta r t e d ) ,B a ltim o r e ,B i rm i ngh am , (whe / I Lou isv ill e , San F r a n c i s c o , Ka nsa sC it y ,S ea t t l e, P h o e n i x ,W a sh ingt o n ,D .C . 3 . Shou ld G r a n dR a p i d s -- a c i t ywh ic hha s taken t h e l e a di no ther a r e a s of p r iv a t e se cto r in i t i a ti v ea lso have s u c ha c o r p o r a t e" c l u b "f o c u sed on i n c r e a s ed ch a r it a b l egi v i n g ? ? ? E . Som e exe c u t iv e sa n d e c o n om st s~a r u e b u s i ness of b u s i n e s s i sj u st b usi n e s s ;t h a tm an agem e n th as no r i gh t, no q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , t ou n d e r t a k ea c t i v i t i e st oim p r o v es o ci e t y, o rt ot a xits c o n stit u e n t sf o r su c hp u r p os e s : "sin c et h egenera l w e lf a r e of so ci e ty is a governm en ta lr e s p o n si b i l i t y . " F . But ,w e know t o d a yg o v e r nm e nt c a n n o tdo i t a l l . 9 �G . C o r p o r a t i o ns m u s t b e com e mo r e invo lved i np u b l i c prob l em s, w i t h a cl e a r e rp e r s p e c t i v eo fb u s i n e s sas a b a s i ci n s t i t u t i o n inAm e r i c a ns o c i e t yw h i c hh as v i ta l st a k ei ng e n e r a l h e a l t ho f th ec omm u n i t y ,a sw e ll as i nits ow np u b l i c a c c e p t a n c e . H . My v i ew , critica le lem en ti sb a l a n c i n gt h i se x p a n d e dr o l e f o rb u s i n e s sw i t h o ut e r o d i n gp~ e• • e~ d i s ci p l i n eo f : t t - p rofitab ili t y ,a n da c c e p t e dc r i t e r i o nof c o r p o r a t ep e rf o rm a n ce , A w h i c h l i ea t the he a r to fo u r.s u c c essf u lc o r p o r a t ee n t e r p r i s e s . I. No t an e a s y task, b u t you ' v e shown it can bed o n e he r ei n G r and R ap i d s . V . A . ROLE OF M ICH IGAN FOUNDAT IONS A l o n gw it hc o r p o r a t i o n sa n di n d i v i d u a lc i t i z e n s , ) p r i v a t e and commun ity f o u n d a t i o n sa r ea l s om aj o rsou rce o ff u n d i n g a n di n i t i a t i v et h a tcom es out o ft h eo t h e r" p r i v a t esec to r p o c k e t ." 10 �B. Each year, Ameri c a ' s 23,000 pr iva t e a nd c ommu n i t y foundat ions give $3 b ill ion for charitab l e purpo se s. C. Mi ch igan a pac e set ter i n f o un d a t i on philan thropy with mo r e th an 8 60 founda ti on s ( ran k s 3rd nationall y among s t a t e s ) . Tot a l a s s e t s o f n ear ly $ 3 bi l l ion. Annu al c hari tabl e e x p e n d itures b y Mic hi gan f o u n d ati on s to tal $ 30 0 mi ll ion . D. While large f oundat ion s in Mi c h i g a n Mo t t, Kre s ge, Kel lo gg --are mos t wel l known , 6 0 p erc en t o f a l l Michi gan foun d a t i on s have asset s o f l e s s than $ 2 00 , 0 0 0 . Of t en sma ll f ou n d a t i o n s are mos t i mp or t a nt i n terms of i mp a c t o n l oc al commun ity n eed s. 1. Grand Rapid s-bas ed f ou n d at i o n s are an impo r tant part o f t h e f o u n d a t i o n p i cture i n Mi ch i g a n . ( 1 0 4 Grand Rapid s foundations , asse t s of $7 9 million, n early $ 6 mi llion in 1 9 83 g r a n t s ) a . Grand Rap id s Communi ty Founda t ion with as s e t s o f $23 mill i on, annu al g r a n t s of $ 1 .2 mil lion . ( Second l arg e s t c ommun ity f o und at i o n i n Michigan.) 11 �b. Company-spons ored f o un da ti o n s a n d giving programs, l i k e Ste elcas e Foundation; Amway; Un i o n , Mi ch igan Nat iona l, and Old Ken t Ba nks . c. Private f o u n dat i on s in Gra n d Rapid s hav e had maj or rol es i n addres sing local a n d regional n e e d s : Dyer-Ives Founda tion, Ke el er Fund, Wege Foundation, Seb a s tian Foundation , VanAnde l and DeVo s Founda tions as examp l e s. 2. Michigan 's philanthropic foundatio ns are working ind ep endent ly in thei r communities, and t h r o u g h t h e i r state a s s oci ation. a. Council of Michigan Foundations. (1 67 members: foundations, banks, corporate foundations, corporate giving programs. 1 8 CMF member organ iza- t ions are in Grand Rapids. b. Statewide philanthropic initiative s like the Michigan Investment Fund, and Michigan Emergency Cash Flow Loan Program for nonprofi t agencies. 12 �A lso, new w i l li n g n e s s to wo r kw ith gov e r nm e nt a t a l ll e v e l s . VI . THE W . K . K ELLOGG FO UNDAT ION A . C lo s ew i t h a few comm en ts abou t t h eK e llogg Founda tion, sp r og r ammi n g ,a n d rel a t i o n sh ip of gov e rnme nt r e g u l a t i o n s it w it hbus i n ess s u c c es sa n d ph ila nthrop ic in i t i at i v e . B . H ist o ry rev e a ls m o s tg r ea tind iv idua l ,c o r p o r a te , and p h i l a n t h r o p ic fo rtu n es creat e db y en trepr e neur sw i th _ good i d e a . N o t by a ni n d i v i d u a lo ra no r g a ni z a t i o ncaref u lly d i n ge a r n i n g sh a r n e r e df rominv e s t m en t si nd i v e r s ifi e d hor p o r t f o l i o s. e r ei nG rand R a p i ds : furni t ur ei n d u s t r y ,g r o c e r y / 1. T rue h shopp ing c e n ter c h a i n s ,d ire c t s a l es i n d u s t r y ,a n d ot h e r s . C . Al s otr e ~d o e a t cerea li . n d u s t r y ,a n dw . . K . K e l l og g , found e ro fK e ll o g gC om pany and W . K . K el l o g gFounda t i o n. .. ,K t..J ~ \<" 13 ~ �1. In 1930, Mr. Kellogg t u r n e d ove r n early hi s Sotal personal weal th of s ome $ 4 1 mi llion ( l a r g el y Kellogg Company stock) to e s t a b l is h t h e W. K. Kellogg Fo u n d ati o n . 2 . S ince then, the Ke l logg Fo und a t i on has us e d income f r om tho s e original assets t o make grant s t o t a l l i n g more than $ 700 million. - 3 . ~ -Jl-' 'a< , ~e e i n c r e a sed i n value to over $1 Kellogg's gif t to th e Founda tion of $41 million ha s re s ulted i n charitab l e grants nearly 20 times the origina l g ift, plus more t h a n a 2 5-fold growth i n actu al v alue o f the 'Fo u n d a t i o n ' s chari tabl e assets. 4. Mind ful that Foundation i s the d irect beneficiary o f t h e Amer ican fre e ente rpr i se s y ste m: The Kellogg Company' s s u c c e s s over t h e year s has made possible Fo und a t i o n ' s dramatic record of expendi tures for charitab le e x p e n d i t u r es here i n Michigan , a n d throughout Uni t ed Sta t e s and wor ld. 14 �D . ~~ K e ll o g gFounda ti o n has h a d a num ber of m a i o a c t i v i t ies b e n efitt i n gt h eG ra n dR a p i d sa r e a ,i n c l u d in g : 1. E astow n, c o o p e r a t i v ep r o j e ct b e tw e e nA q u i n a s C o lle g e a n dnei g h bo rhood o r g an i z at i o n si nthem i d 1 970s t o r e v e r s en eig h b o r h o o dt r a n s i t i o na n dd e t e r i o r i a t i o ni n a 70-b lock ar e aof E as tG r a n dR api d s . Asuc c e s s f ul , testeda p p r o a c h to thep e r e n n ia lqu es t i o n : "What can o u ri n s t i t u t i o n (c o l l e g e ,h o sp i t a lo rc o r p o r a t i o n ) do t ohe l psave it sn e i g h b or h o o d ? " 2 . M a j o r g r a nt ( $ 1 48 , 0 0 0 )t h i sy ea rt oas s i s tthe G r a n d R api d sSymphony i ne x p a n d i n ge d u c ati o n a lo ut r e a c h pr o g r ams fo r secondary schoo la g e d ~~ a c r o s sW es t e r n c an ~ oun s t er~ ~ ~ 4 J ' . . . . . . . ro ect ~ ~ ~~ e x p e c t e dt ore a c h 1 0 , 0 0 0a r ea s t ude n t si ni t sfir s ty e a r al o n e . ) 3 . Funds ($187 , 0 0 0 ) to creat e(197 5) a r e aw i d ep r o g r am t o t r a i nnew fam ily p r a c t i c ep h y s i c i a n st oserv et h e g rea te rG r an dR a p i d s communit y . 15 �4. Vari e ty o f g r a nt s t o l i brary s y s t e ms in Grand Rap ids area: comput erize the ir b o ok c o ll e c tion s a n d li n k up wi t h s ta tewid e and n a t i o n a l l i b r a r y b o o k r e tr iev a l s ys tems. 5 . Th i s pas t Nov embe r , t h e Ke l log g Foun d a ti on prov i de d $3 50,0 00 to Butterwo r th Hospi ta l in Grand Rapid s t o help hosp ital i d e n tify way s to c onta in and reduce h ealth c a r e c o s t s f o r are a c iti zen s . 6. Thi s l a t e s t gran t in Gra n d Rapid s re fl e c t s new s e t o f Ke l logg Foundation f u n di ng p r i o r it i e s developed in a t wo - y e a r pro c e s s , involving th e Foun d ati o n ' s Board o f Tr us tee s , s t a f f , and c o n s u l t a n ts . E. Planning proces s r e s u l t e d in Kello g g Foundat ion f oc u s i n g on s e v e n n ew progr amming areas, i n cl udi ng two rel at ed only to Mi c h iga n . 1 . Adul t Continui ng Ed uca t i on. a. Adul t Le a r ner Service s 16 �b. Residentia l Continuing Education Cen ter s, Community Colleges, and Public Li braries 2 . c. Collabora t ive Continuing Pr o f e ss i o n a l Educa t ion d. I n t e l l e c t u a l Foundation s e . Preparation of Adm inistra tor s f. Nat ional, S ta te, and Re gional Pol icies Bettermen t of Health. a. Health Promotion Servi ces b. Education o f Hea l t h Promo tion Professional s c. Hea lth Promotion Policy d. Compatible Comput er ized Da ta Systems e. Edu c a t i on o f He alth Professional s in Public Heal th 3. Commun i ty-Wide Coo rd i na t ed , Cos t-Effec t i v e He alth Serv i ce s . a. Communi ty-wid e Mu lt i-institutional Arrangemen t s b. New Too ls/Quantification c . Cost Conscious Professiona l Educa tion d. Hea lth Care Poli cymaking 17 �4. Wholesome Fo o d Supply. a . Te chno logy a nd Informa tion Tr a n s fer b. Univ e r si ty Programs in Agr iculture and Human Nutrition 5 . F . c. Agri cul tural a n d Human Nutri tion Awa r e n e ss d. Appropri at e Policy Alternative s Broadening Leadership Ca p ac i t y . a. Kellogg National Fellowship Prog ram b . Kellogg I n t e r n a t i ona l Fe l l ows hi p Pr o g r a m c. We l l-Informed Leader s d . Citiz en Board Le a d e r s hip Th e last two new Ke l logg p r i o r i t ie s t a r g e t s p e c i f i c a l l y on Mic hig an: 1 . Ec on omi c Development in Mic higan. An economic up turn is u nderway na tionally and i n Michigan. But, long-term r e al i ti es o f changi ng Michigan economic and emp loymen t ba s e: from heavy manu fac turing t o l i gh t indus try and service industri e s. 18 �a . Mu lt i f a c et e de c onom i cd iffi c u l t i es w h i c hM ich i g an still f a c es : rem a ini n gh i gh u nem pl o ym e n t ; rec e n t n et ou t-m ig ra tion of som e 300, 0 0 0p e op l e; ero sion in p e r s o n al p e rc a p i ta i n com e ; lack of g r ow th of h i g a n ' sk ey a g ri c u l t u r a lindustry. M ic e ll o g gFound ati o nc o ul dhe l pa d d r e s st h e s e How K i o n g e r t e rm econom ic pr o bl em si nM ich i g a n : un iversity, l a b o r ,go vernm e n t, andb u s i n ess p a r t n e r s h i p si nd e v elopm e n ta n da p pl i c a t i o no f new techno log ies f o re c onom ic d e v e l o pm e n t . ~c I n d u str i a lTec h n o r o gy I n sti t u t e, Ann A rbor. .. .... Mo re t an~ m on m ay b e commit t e d to thi s amb it i o u s eff o rt t oc a p i t a li z e on res e a rch capab iliti e s of t h e U n iver s ityo fM ic h i g a n d u r i n g ne x td e ca d e . O b j ect i v et oma k eM ic h i g a n ac e n t e rn ati o n a ll yfo rr e se a r c ha n da p p l i c a t i o n of r o b o t i c s in m a n ufa c t u r i n g . Invo lv es m a j or s u p p o r t fromt h e M i c h ig a n Econom ic D e v e lopm e nt 19 �Aut h o r i t y ,Ke l l o g gF o u n d ati o n ,D ow Foun da ti o n , Mott a n do t h er M ic h i g an-b a sed fou nda tion s. d . M ic h i g a n tecbpo ~ ~ ~t e E a s tL ansing. p r e s e n t s a si m ilar effo rt to d raw u p o n res e a r c h Re r e n g t h s of M ich igan S ta t e U n iversity, M ichi g an st T echno log ica l Un i v ersi t y ,a n d W est e r nM ich i g a n Uni v e r s i t yi nt h ea r e a s of a g ri c ul t u ra l, f o o d p r o c e ss i n g ,p a p er m ak ing , fo restry a n dwood pr o d u c trese a r c h. Mod e s t in i t ia lg ra nt by Ke l l o g g ($1 5 0 ,000 ) fo r sta r t u p M B Ie x p e n s e s ,a n d a $6 m i l l i on comm{ t m en t ,o v e rs i xy e a r s , from t h eMi c h i g an E conomi cD evelopm e n tAu t ho rity, c o nt i nge n to no t h e rp r i v a t e sec t o rsuppo rt. e n t i a ls t ill i ndoubt?) (M B I pot e . E conom ic Al l i a n c e fo r M i c h i g a n . Jo in t eff o r t of l a bo r, busi n ess le a d e r s h i pto e x a m ine sta te e c o n om ic pr o bl e m s a n d ne e ds w i th i n spec ific g e o g r a p h i ca r e a s of M ich i g an. 20 �f . Mi ch igan I nv e s t me n t Fund . I nve s t ment resour ce s t otall i ng up to $ 2 0 mi l lion f r om s t at e pen sion f und sources, p riva t e f ou n d a tions like Kell ogg , Mot t and Dow , a n d v en ture capital i st s. Objec tiv e to identi fy and attrac t t o Mi c hi g an h igh g r owth p o t ent ia l b u sine s s e s . ( MIF h a s i nve sted i n sev e n high g rowth po tential companies as of Nov e mbe r 3 0 , 19 83. Has 3 8 other c ompanie s u n d e r c o nsi d erat i o n . ) 2. Opportunitie s for Youth i n Mic higan. To o bi g a probl em for WKKF to a d d r e s s nationally. Focus o n pre school c hi ldren and adol e sc ents in Mich igan, wi t h prior i ty a tt ention i n Batt l e Cre ek and De troi t. a . Col laborative effor t s i n Batt l e Creek i nv o lvi n g n ine ar ea public and priva te s c h o o l s f o r th e first time: computer l i t e r a c y workshop s for teacher s and student s; in stitute s f or t h e gi f ted and t a l e n t e d ; inse r v i c e t r a i n i n g f o r sci ence and 21 �m at ht e a c h e rs ; su mmer yout hcoun se ling and em p lo ym e n t . b . Im po rtan t as " f irst step" in c o l l a b o r a t i v e a p p r o a c hes to s e rv i ng yout h-i nB at t l eCr e e k , o t h e rM ic h ig a n co mm u n i t ies . V II . CONCLU S ION A . R eg r ettabl et h a tt h e s etypes of i n nov at i v e ,p r i v a t esec to r e f f o r t sm a y be mu ch mo r e d iffic u lt i nf u t u r e . Federa llaw l ac e dp r o hi b i t i v er e s t r i c ti o n s on the c r e a t i o nof n ew has p p r i v a te found a t ions a nd th us the ir p o siti v eimp a c t on so c i a lp r o b l em sa n d nee d s. B . M r . K e l l og g , today, c o u l d no t, wou ld no t , establ i s h the K e l logg F o u n d a t i o n . H e , li k emos te n t r e p r e n e u r s ,s e t up h i sf o u n d a t i o nusi n gp r im a r ysource o fw e alt h :stock i n th e comp any o rc o r p o r a t i o nw h i c h he f o u n d e d. C . n c e1 969 , federal tax p o l i c y re st r ic t sam oun to f st o c k Si f roma n y o n ecomp any wh i c hc a n be 22 dO~ n~ta b t �ap r iva t efounda tion. e r c e n tm u st be s o l di nfive y e a r s . ] 1. Cong re s s i o n a lc o nc e rn o v e r a fewex am p l es o f se lf d e ali n g (l o w -in t e r est loans b etw e e nf o u n d a t i o na n d c o n t r o l l e dbu si n ess), a n dm an ag em en t o fb u s i nes s e n t e r p r i s eb y a founda t io n . 2 . Th e se a b u s e s co r re ctedby o t h e rp r o v is i o n so fTRA 69. No ne e df o rm a n d a t e d st o c kow n e r s h i pr e s t r ic tio n so r d i v es t i t u r e. 3 . P r o v is i o nh a s resu lted i nd r a st i cdec l i n ein c r e a t i o n of p r i v a t efound a t ions s i nce 1969 . ~ W h y ? Ag ai n ,b e c a us em o st fo r tunes arem ade b ye n t r e p r e n e u rs w h e t h e r i nr e a d y t o e a tc e r e a lb u s i n ess ,i n s u r a n c e, a t e v e r . If cr e at i n ga p r i v a t efounda ti o n furn itu re, o r w h , w ithmo r e t h a n~ p e r ce n to fcom pany stock f o r c e s r ep r e n e u rt os e ll a large b l o c k-o rc o n t r o lof ent e compa n y itse lf -- t h e nh e is m o re l i k e l yt oj u s t th g i ve t h e stock to a lm a m at e ro r favo rite c h arity. 23 �5 . The p o t e nt i a lfo r crea tion of n ew founda tions i s l im i t e du n l e ss th i sf e d e r a ll awc a nb ec h a n g e d . D . Y e a r 1984 a n exc iting t im et obe l i v i ng in U n i t e dS ta tes, a n dM i c h i g a n. 1 . P a r to fr e a lc h a l l e n g e ,i nm yv i ew , is to c o n t i n u e n a t i o n ' smov em ent t ow a r dr e a s s e r t i n gsoc ia lim p o r t a n c e , a n dp o t e n t i a l ,f o rp r i v a t ei n i t i a t i v e-through c o n t r i b u t i o n so f ti m ea n de f f o r tb yi n d i v i d u a lc i t i z e n s , c o r p o r a t i o ns ,f o u n d a t i o ns, a n di n d e p e n d e n tn o n p r o f it o r g a ni z a t i o n s . 2 . ~ ~ t a xl aw pr v~ t at ve 3 . A le x i sdeTo cqu e v i l l ec omm ent e dab o u t Am e r i c a n s mo re t h a n 150 yea r s ago: lithew e a l t ho ft h i s dem o c r a t i c soc ie ty s e em s to bem e as u r e dby the qu a l i t yo ff u n c t i o n s p e r f o rm e dby pr i v a t e ci t i z e n s . " 4. P r e si d e n tR e a g a n echoe d sen t im en tr e c e n t l y : "You m e e t hero es ac r o s sa c o u n t e r-a n d they're o nb o t h 24 �sid es of t h a tc o u n t e r. . . T hey are i n d i v i du a ls a n d fam i l i e swhose t a xes suppo rt t h egovernm en t, a n d o l u n t a r yg i f t s suppo r t ch u r c h, c h a rity, c u l t u r e, whose v a r ta n de d u c a t i o n . T he ir p a t ri o ti smis quie tb ut e p . Th ei r v al u e s sus t a in ou rn a t iona l life." de 5. The P res i d e n tw as s a y i n g tha t s o ci e ty ' sn e e d sa r e ~ fu lf i lled jth ro ugh tax c o n t r i b u t i o n sc oll e ct e di nthe rnm e nt ' stax p o c k et , "a n d in thev o l u n t a r y "gove "priva t ese ct o rpoc k e t"o fc h a r i t a b l e gi v in gw hi c his o r n e r s t o ne o fo u rs o c i e t y . ac 6 . B u tn e e d mo re than po litica l rh eto r i c in thi sel e c t i o n - year. N e ed t oi n s i s tth a tgove r nm e nt polL c ya n dL aw b em ad ec o n s i st e n tw it hw ha tw e say w e b e l i e v e. 7. A ~es o ut o n to ke e p inm ind a n d en co ura g e . rand R a p i ds h a s show na l lo fus w h a t'sposs i b le w h e n 8 . G c i v i cleaders, b u si n e sses, f o u n d a t i o n s, a n d gov ernm e nt kto g e t h e r in s t e a do fa tc r oss p urposes . Whe nw e w or 25 �real i z e t h a t t h e que stion, and t h e answer , to "Which po cket?" is n ot nearly so importan t as wha t we can a c h i e v e wo rking t o g e t he r . JMR1, I WPC : 1/11/ 84 26 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1984-01-16_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Which Pocket Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 16, 1984 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Economic Club of Grand Rapids. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-01-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a6a48e341b2dbfed3185d02572dd65f9.pdf 09224649dfd9fe83066d40340baa5597 PDF Text Text NO HIGHER PlffiPOSE Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby Pre si dent, W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Annu al Me eting Thank-you Night of the Battle Creek Area Unit ed Commu ni t y Services January 20 , 1971 It is a privilege for me to be a part of this Annual Meeting-Thank-you Ni ght p rogr am. I am grat e ful to your Prog ram Commi t t e e fo r inviting me to be wi t h you this evening. In asking me t o accept t h is ass i gnment , yo ur Commit tee ha s s ele ct ed a speaker wi t h a bias ed point of v iew, f or I am fully s upport i ve a nd deepl y a pprec iat i ve of a l l th at UCS represents . As t he one par t i c i p ant in t he p rogr am thi s evening wi t h no off ic ial capac ity with ues , may I beg in my remarks as an un of fi ci al-- self- appo i nted , i f you please- -spokesman for th e c ommunity . Speak i ng for all of us i n t he Grea ter Battle Creek- Cal houn County commu nity , we ar e grateful f or your e f f orts on b ehalf of a l l of us . Somet imes I fear y ou hear mostly the neg ative, with criticisms t hat are ot h er t h an con s tru ctive. But that's the noisy few. As a community at large, we ar e grateful t o yo u bu sy peop le who take responsib i l it ies in our United Communi ty Se r v i ce s , to ser ve as off icers , directors, divis ion chai rmen , c ommitt e e members , and vo lunteers in the Unit ed Fund campaign . With refer ence to the campa i gn , t h i s past y ear has been r egarded as a " r ou gh ye ar " b ut i t' s ap p ropriate to r erai nd ourse lves t hat in thi s c ampaign just c ompleted , more do l lars were r a i s ed t han ever b e fo re in th e l oc al campaign, more peop le wer e g iver s , more workers were engag ed in t he campaign th an ev er b efore in hi s t ory. The s e s ignificant fa cts , in li gh t of the difficult economic and polit ical s ituation experienced l oc al l y, vould seem to me to represent a deg r ee of succe s s of v h i ch you a l l can be proud . �2 Further, we are gr a t e f u l to the leaders and the staff members of the constituent ag,encies of UC S and to the volunteer workers without whose dedicated servi c e the programs of these agencies and or gani zat i ons would be impossible. Foundation work we often speak of th e multiplier effect. In ou r Just so, in th e e f - forts of United Community Services, the efforts of UCS leaders and staff and agency leader s and staff are multiplied through volunteer services, in this way touching the lives of individuals in homes and communities throughout the a r ea . On thi s ni gh t, the entire c ommunity says to you--and through you, to all who make poss i b le this c omprehensive ef f ort we call UCS--THANKS. The lives of cou ntl e s s individuals--boys a nd gi r ls , men a nd women, young and old- - h ave b e en mad e b r ighter and richer thr ough y our effo rts . II As I t hink o f this group me eting tog e t he r t onigh t, a whole phi losophy of l ife is summed up i n three words, UCS : United : working together Commu ni t y : all of us, car i ng abo ut each other Se r v i c es : transforming word s, ideas, convictions into helpful, u seful action In no ot h er country of the world would one be likely to find an event like this, for nothing is more characteristi c ally American than the fundamental precepts of United Fund g i v i ng a nd UC S. Firs t, t h i s is a p r i vat e effort to deal with human concerns and social needs. It r epresents a p art o f ou r plura l i s ti c approac h to problems in Ameri ca, in which we do not transfer al l res ponsibi liti es to gove r nme nt , but rat h er r ec ognize t he i mportant contribution of t h e private s e ctor of ou r s ociety in serving human caus e s. �3 As we s urvey th e history of soci al progre s s, we recogniz e that very oft en innov a ti orein me eting human needs have b een developed through the initiative of p r i vat e individuals and group s with their own resources. As such innovative efforts have succeeded, very oft en they h ave been sustained and expanded at publi c expense. But the initiati ng f orce was a private effort. Se cond , ues repre sent s a vo l u ntar y effort, of our own fr e e will. Ea ch i ndividu21 make s his own deci si on a s to hi s contribution or role, b a s ed upon h i s own convict ions and cons cienc e. Third, DeS repr es ents giving, of dollars and time and tal ent. Nowher e e ls e in t he world has th e conc ept of private voluntary g i vi ng b ee n so well de velop ed . Yet , as thi s Ame ric an cr ea t ion is now be i ng "export ed" to countri e s and c ult ures around t h e world, t hose who ar e involved with t he private s e ct or here are in crea singly co n c er ned wi th c er tain tr ends t hat appear to be developi ng. There seems t o b e a n erosi on of volunt e e ri sm, an increasing tendency to transfer to government responsibilities which b efore have been met by volunt ary, p r i va t e effort. And the r e app e a r s also t o be a tendency to incre asingly co n s t ra i n the priva t e s ector , impo s i ng mor e r e s tricti on s and bu r eaucrat i c re gula ti on s wh ich detr act from the cent r a l purposes and s igni f i cant cont r i b ut ions of privat e philanthropy. The most r ec ent exampl e of this is the Tax Reform Act of 1969, the impl i cati ons of whi ch are not y et clear, but whi ch have significance for Foundations such as I represent and for all private giving. All who fee l de eply, as I do, about volunt e erism and p r i vat e phi l anthropy mus t be con cerned and take pos i t i ve , f orceful act ion to s ee t hat privat e agenc ies �4 continue to be vital forces , meeti ng priority needs of people in communit ies so that these agenc ies continue to warrant c it izen confidence and support . II I To this end , each of you who has an offic ial r esponsib ility- -as an off icer , as a trustee or board member or co~ittee member , as a staff member , or as a volunteer- -with DCS or any constituent agency , has been accorded by the community the responsibil ity and author ity to provide leadership for all of us i n fulfil l ing the go al s an d potent ial of Uni t ed Fund giving . This is a de- mandi ng ass ignment , sometime s thankless , but in t he larger sense r eward i ng and fulfi l l ing . You k now better t han I t he processes r equ i si t e to s uccess i n t he goals of united giving and United Community Services , but permit me two observations . My first observation relate s to the tough , complex business of sett i ng priorit i e s. I n each agency it is abso lutely ne cess ary , in a systemat i c and compr ehe ns i ve way , to take a hard l ook at programs . The questions to b e asked and answered a re not easy , i nc l ud ing s uch perplexi ng issues as who i s be ing served, to what ends , how wel l , an d what may be alternatives, both in my agency or elsewhere in UCS . The business of setting priorit ies is hard to do , for emotions run de ep . Success i n best ser v i ng the community r equires selfle s sne s s ; statesma ns hi p in community ser v i c e s , if y ou please ; a conscious effort to avo id confusing ends with means ; and a concern for the whole rath e r than a preoccupation with l e s s e r self-centered irterests . I am sure you share my exc itement at the announcement this evening by Mrs . Jenney of the YwCA and Mr . Sundberg of the YMCA regard ing the plans of �, 5 thes e two organizat ions t o con sider merging their progr ams , r e s ource s, and future. Thi s deci si on I am sure has been r eached only after the most thorough a nd soul -s ear chi ng a nal ys is and i s b as ed upon a co nv i ction by the e nl i ghtened l eadership of these two org anizations that t he inter ests of t he total commu ni t y can be b e s t ser ved in thi s way. I co ng rat ul a te th em on t his st at esmanl i k e a cti on and wi sh th em su c c es s i n thi s e f f or t . In addition to prior ity sett ing wi t hi n each a gency , the United Community Servic e s has t hi s r e s ponsibility i n th e per sp e ctive of t h e l ar g er communi ty. The setting of pri or ities requi res difficult dec i sions and involves some r isks. I t' s much easi e r t o comp lete a pri orit y of needs st udy t ha n to i mpleme nt t h e r e commen dati on s r e s ult i ng therefrom . I am sure you a re fo l lowing with int er e s t t h e co ur ageous effor t s in Detro i t to r edire ct en erg ie s a nd r eall ocat e r es ources to me e t t he h i gh e s t p rior ity ne e ds of the Detroit community . The Michi gan Unit ed Fund j ust now is in th e middl e of a se lf- s t udy e f f ort , co ncerning itsel f with t he s it uat ion today and t he r equi r eme nt s for suc cess in t he f ut ur e . I n thi s ve i n I comme nd t o you f or y ou r t ho ug ht f ul co n s i de rat i on t he s t a t eme nt s in the Annual Report s of t he President a nd t he Division Chairmen of our UCS. I am convinced that our community wi ll expand th e ir support of ou r United Commu nity Se rvi ces (1) as the community un der s t and s the needs of t h e community and t h e r eali s t i c plans of UCS to meet those need s and (2) as the community has growi ng confi dence that ea ch do l l ar i s sh epherded careful ly and wi s ely sp ent . Earl ier I made refer en ce t o t he priva t e sec t or in prov iding l eaders h i p t o the pub l ic s ec t or in program i nnova tions to meet huma n needs . I would submit t h at the private sector in l ike fa sh i on can show th e way in the ar ea s of �6 priority setting and accountability as well. Perhaps the successful experience of UCS and its constituent agencies in this difficult process can be transferrable to our public institutions. My second observation relates to the challenge of keeping UCS truly united. United effort is particularly trying in times of stress--on budgets, on emotions, on traditions. It's easy to be united when every answer can be yes; it's much more difficult to work together when resources are limited in relation to budget requests and program aspirations. United Community Services is probably the best, certainly the most durable, example of joint effort in our community. Too seldom are we able to put aside arbitrary political boundaries and provincial interests to work together to common ends. We need more of this in our community, in every phase of our social, economic, and political life. Perhaps UCS again, as it con- tinues to be successful in welding community energies to serve common goals, can chart the way for further cooperative undertakings in the Greater Battle Creek Area to the mutual benefit of all. IV I was delighted to see the New Year's Day editorial in the Enquirer and News. Those who read it will recall the statement entitled, "Our Town Needs an Epidemic of Wellness.,r In this statement the editor reminded us of the tre- mendous resources and assets we have in our local community, what a great place in fact in which to live. Too often these days we somehow seem to be pre- occupied and overly conscious of the negative influences and we need to look at the plus side of the ledger to keep proper perspective. �7 To be i n vol v eda s you ar e ,t oa s s um et h erespo n s i b i l i t i e syou h a v e assum ed i nD eS andth ev a ri o u sc o n s t i t u e n tag e n ci e s ,you m u s th av e fa i thin m a n k i n d andb e an o p tim i s t (are a l i s t ,y e s,b u t an o p tim is ta swe l l ) . A sw e med i ta te on t h e con c e r n sw ef e e lf o r ou r comm un ity, som e tim e sth e sca le andm agni t u d e o f th e un fi n i sh edwo rk is a lmo s tove rwhe lm ing . I nth isk i n do fa s it u a ti o n Il i k etor em indm y s e l f o ftheselin eswh i ch m ayb ef am ilia rt oyou : " I amonl yon e,b u t I amon e; an' t doe v e r y t h ing, bu tI c an do som e t hi n g ; Ic ~~ t Ic an do , I ough t to do; a t I ough tt odo, by t h eg race o fGodI w i l ld o . " And wh ~ ea ch o fu sw i l l GO wh a t w ec a n do and ough tt odo , ou rG r e a te rB a ttl e Cr e e kcommun i tyw i l lb ea c o n t i n u a l l yb e t t e rp l a c ef o re a ch -a n da l lt o l i ve . v fua th i ghe rpu rpos ec anman s e rv e ? � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1971-01-20_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, No Higher Purpose Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 20, 1971 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Annual Meeting Thank-you Night of the Battle Creek Area United Community Services. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-01-20 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/05a94f6a348835fee7c36883ac491809.pdf 0dcb2cce2e368495edb807735284c65a PDF Text Text MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK REMARKS BY DR. RUSSELL G. MAWBY W. K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION JANUARY 22, 1990 GOVERNOR BLANCHARD, PRESIDENT SYKES, DR. SANDERS, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, IT IS TRULY AN HONOR TO BE PART OF THE LAUNCHING OF THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. IT SEEMS INCREDIBLE -- ALMOST MAGICAL -- THAT PARTICIPANTS IN THIS TELEPRESS CONFERENCE ARE ASSEMBLED NOT JUST HERE AT LANSING COMMUNITY COLLEGE, BUT ALSO AT THE 28 OTHER COMMUNITY COLLEGES IN MICHIGAN. THE FACT THAT THIS IS HAPPENING MAKES THIS A GREAT DAY FOR MICHIGAN -- NOT JUST FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN OUR STATE -- BUT FOR ALL OF OUR CITIZENS. THROUGHOUT HISTORY, IN EVERY CIVILIZATION, DISTANCE AND TIME HAVE BEEN OUR MASTERS. FOR EXAMPLE, MORE THAN 2,000 AMERICAN AND BRITISH SOLDIERS DIED IN THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS -- AND TRAGICALLY, FOR THE WAR HAD ACTUALLY ENDED TWO WEEKS PREVIOUSLY. HAD COMMUNICATION BETWEEN EUROPE AND AMERICA BEEN SWIFTER IN 1815, THOSE MEN WOULD NEVER HAVE GONE TO BATTLE. OUR TECHNOLOGY HAS IMPROVED ALMOST BEYOND BELIEF IN THE INTERVENING 175 YEARS, BUT THERE ARE STILL PARTS OF THIS NATION -- STILL PARTS OF MICHIGAN -- WHERE THE STATE OF COMMUNICATIONS MORE CLOSELY RESEMBLES 1815 THAN 1990. IN MANY COMMUNITIE S AND FOR MANY INDIVIDUAL S, �2 ACCESS TO COMMUNICATIONS AND TO THE WORLD IT OPENS UP, IS PRACTICALLY NON-EXISTENT. IN A WORLD IN WHICH THE ONLY CONSTANT IS CHANGE, ISOLATION FROM COMMUNICATIONS CAN BE A TERRIBLE HANDICAP. THAT IS WHY THE W. K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION REGARDS THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK AS SO IMPORTANT, AND SO EXCITING. THE FIRST THING THAT IMPRESSED US WHEN THE PROPOSAL WAS FIRST DISCUSSED WITH US WAS THE FACT THAT IT DID NOT SEEK TO DUPLICATE WHAT ALREADY EXISTED. IT COMPLEMENTS, RATHER THAN COMPETES WITH, THE MICHIGAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY NETWORK, WHICH WAS ESTABLISHED BY A MAJOR GRANT FROM THE STATE OF MICHIGAN. "MITN," AS IT IS CALLED, LINKS MICHIGANS "BIG 4" RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY, AND MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY. WE WERE EVEN MORE IMPRESSED BY THE SPIRIT OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN MITN AND THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. THE MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND, WITH WHICH WE HAVE WORKED IN THE PAST AND FOR WHICH WE HAVE GREAT REGARD, IS JUST NOW CONSIDERING A REQUEST FROM MITN IN THE AMOUNT OF $8 MILLION. IF THIS REQUEST IS APPROVED, MITN HAS PLEDGED TO GRANT $750,000 OF THAT ASSISTANCE TO THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATION SO THAT MCCA CAN PURCHASE A MOBILE UPLINK. THIS IS A KEY PIECE OF THE PROJECT. NONE OF MICHIGAN'S COMMUNITY COLLEGE S CURRENTLY HAVE UPLINK CAPABILITY; IF THE REf)UE ST IS APPROVED, ALL 29 �3 WILL HAVE IT! THIS MOBILE UPLINK WILL MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO ORIGINATE PROGRAMMING FROM ANY POINT IN THE STATE THAT CAN BE REACHED BY ROAD. THIS WILL BE ANOTHER SUPERB EXAMPLE OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, THE MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND, AND THE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN OUR STATE. THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION'S INVOLVEMENT WITH THIS PROJECT BEGAN IN 1988, WHEN OUR LATE PROGRAM DIRECTOR, DR. PETER ELLIS, BEGAN WORKING WITH CONNIE JULIUS, THE DIRECTOR OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS OF THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATION, TO DISCOVER THE BEST WAY IN WHICH THE FOUNDATION COULD BE HELPFUL. SINCE PETE'S DEATH, DR. JOEL OROSZ OF OUR STAFF HAS ASSUMED THIS RESPONSIBILITY. THE BEST WAY FOR THE FOUNDATION TO BE HELPFUL, IT TURNED OUT, WAS (IN DR. ELLIS'S WORDS), TO uHURRY HISTORY ALONG. u ALL OF MICHIGAN'S 29 COMMUNITY COLLEGES HAVE uSATELLITE RECEIVE u CAPABILITY . . IF THE MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND IS ABLE TO MAKE, BY WAY OF MITN, THE GIFT OF THE MOBILE UPLINK, THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES WILL SOON HAVE THE ABILITY ALSO TO ORIGINATE PROGRAMS. IN SHORT, THE BASIC HARDWARE WILL BE IN PLACE. WHAT IS NEEDED NOW IS SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE TO MAKE THE MOST OF IT. So THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION AND THE MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATION HAVE ENTERED INTO A PARTNERSHIP TO DO JUST THAT. AND I AM PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THIS MORNING A FOUNDATION COMMITMENT OF $3 MILLION TO ENABLE THESE PLANS TO MOVE FORWARD. PIECES. THIS IS A PARTNERSHIP IN TWO THE FIRST IS A GRANT TO MCCA OF $500,000 OVER FIVE YEARS TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES TO ENHANCE THE SKILLS OF THE PEOPLE WHO IMPLEMENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS ON EACH CAMPUS. THROUGH THIS �4 SUPPORT, MCCA WILL BE ABLE TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT TO THE PEOPLE WHO MAKE TELECOMMUNICATIONS WORK THROUGHOUT THEIR NETWORK. THESE FUNDS WILL ALSO ALLOW MCCA TO MONITOR AND AID IN THE EVALUATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITY AT ALL MEMBER CAMPUSES. THE SECOND PORTION OF KELLOGG FOUNDATION SUPPORT IS A BLANKET APPROPRIATION OF $2,500,000 WHICH WILL BE MADE, OVER FIVE YEARS, DIRECTLY TO MICHIGAN'S COMMUNITY COLLEGES ON A COMPETITIVE BASIS. THERE WILL BE THREE TYPES OF GRANTS MADE FROM THIS APPROPRIATION: FLAGSHIP GRANTS THESE WILL SUPPORT PROJECTS TO ENHANCE THE EFFORTS OF ONE OR MORE COMMUNITY COLLEGES TO IMPROVE THEIR SERVICES ON A REGIONAL OR STATEWIDE BASIS . . THE GRANTS WILL BE PARTICULARLY TARGETED TOWARD UNDERSERVED AREAS. A TOTAL OF $400,000 PER YEAR FOR EACH OF FIVE YEARS IS EARMARKED FOR THESE MAJOR GRANTS. VENTURE GRANTS THESE WILL PROVIDE, AS THE NAME IMPLIES, "VENTURE CAPITAL" TO COMMUNITY COLLEGES THAT HAVE CHALLENGING AND CREATIVE IDEAS FOR THE USE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, BUT LACK THE RESOURCES TO MAKE THE INITIAL INVESTMENT. EACH GRANT WILL BE FOR ONE YEAR, AND $50,000 ANNUALLY WILL BE ALLOCATED FOR SUCH GRANTS OVER THE FIVE YEARS OF KELLOGG SUPPORT. �5 BOOSTER GRANT~ THESE WILL PROVIDE, AS THE NAME IMPLIES, A TIMELY uBOOST u FOR A PROMISING PROGRAM, IN ORDER TO BRING IT TO COMPLETION SOONER, AND HOPEFULLY BETTER. EACH ALSO WILL BE FOR ONE-YEAR, AND $50,000 ANNUALLY WILL BE ALLOCATED OVER THE FIVE-YEAR PERIOD. FOR ALL THREE TYPES OF GRANTS, THE APPLICATIONS WILL BE SCREENED BY A TELECOMMUNICATIONS EVALUATION COMMITTEE, APPOINTED BY MCCA, AND COMPOSED OF COMMUNITY AND CIVIC LEADERS AND TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS. THEY WILL SET CRITERIA, AND NOMINATE A LIST OF FINALISTS TO THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION. THE FOUNDATION WILL THEN MAKE THE FINAL DETERMINATIONS FOR FUNDING. ALL OF THE PROJECTS THAT THE FOUNDATION SUPPORTS IN THIS INITIATIVE WILL BE ASSESSED BY IMPARTIAL THIRD-PARTY EVALUATORS, AND THE LESSONS LEARNED WILL BE SHARED WITH THOSE WHO STAND TO BENEFIT FROM THEM. IT IS OUR HOPE THAT THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES WILL DISCOVER WAYS IN WHICH TO MOVE THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS FORWARD RAPIDLY. �6 WHILE WE ARE SPOTLIGHTING TELECOMMUNICATIONS THIS MORNING, WE MUST REMIND OURSELVES THAT TELECOMMUNICATIONS IS IMPORTANT ONLY TO THE EXTENT THAT IT IMPROVES THE LIVES OF PEOPLE. IF THIS PARTNERSHIP CAN DELIVER NEEDED INFORMATION, IN A TIMELY MANNER, TO THOSE IN THE INNER CITY AND IN RURAL AREAS, AND TO OTHERS WHO HAVE NOT BENEFITED FROM THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION, THEN IT WILL BE A SUCCESS. AND IT WILL PROVE AGAIN THAT MICHIGAN WORKS BEST WHEN ITS GOVERNMENT, ITS INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND ITS FOUNDATIONS WORK TOGETHER. THANK YOU AND GODSPEED TO ALL OF YOU IN YOUR IMPORTANT WORK. RGM/LPT0335C � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1990-01-22_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Michigan Community College Telecommunications Network Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 22, 1990 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the launching of the Michigan Community College Telecommunications Network. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-01-22 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e72b5b9ed3b4e53c906b18642b23262a.pdf 1ffb59a8f8be7e348acff9281c994711 PDF Text Text PHILANTHROPY AND VOLUNTEERISM: AMERICA'S HIDDEN RESOURCE An Address Delivered at Calvin College for the January Series, January 25, 1989 by Russell G. Mawby Chairman of the Board and Chief Lxecutive Officer w. K. Kellogg Foundation ' r<. I It is always a good fe eling to come oack home to Grand Rapids. I do not exaggerate when I say "home", for I grew up on my parents fruit farm just outside of the city, near where the Robinette Orchards are today. It is a pleasure always to be on the beautiful campus of Calvin College. I well remember the relocation of the College to this site, and I have watched with admiration and appreciation as the College has grown from a modest stature to become one of the finest liberal arts colleges in the nation. Calvin has long stood for an excellent education i nformed by a str ong sense of moral v alues. a marvelous heritage and tradition, and one in which you can take great pride. It is �2 II As Dr. Van Ham mentioned, my advanced training is in agricultural economics, and my first professional position was a professorial appointment. In fact, when I left Michigan State University to join the Kellogg Foundation, I well remember that one of my colleagues observed that I was trading in my academic robe for a foundation garment. Although I have not been in the classroom for many years, my early training will show, for I am going to give >ou all a quiz. What does Calvin College have in common with the following organizations: the Metropolitan ~Iuseum of Art, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Butterworth Hospital, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the American Red Cross? That is a tough question, and perhaps the best way to answer it is through a process of elimination. These organizations are not part of any governmental body and not a part of any profit-making business. Therefore, if they are not from the government sector, and not from the business sector, they must be from a third sector of society. Organizations in this third sector are generally private, not for profit, and usually operate in the public interest. They operate, for the most part, independently of the government or profit-making companies, and are themselves supported by money given from donors and by the time and talent of volunteers. �3 W e c a ng a i na b e t t e ru n d e r s t a n d i n go ft h et h i r ds e c t o rb yl o o k i n gmo r e c l o s e l ya tt h ek i n d so fo r g a n i z a t i o n st h a tc om p r i s ei t . Th es e c t o ri s m ad e up o fs i xb a s i ct y p e so fo r g a n i z a t i o n s : 1 . E d u c a t i o n a lo r g a n i z a t i o n s-p r i v a t ee l em e n t a r ya n ds e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s ,c o l l e g e s ,a n du n i v e r s i t i e s . A l s ov o c a t i o n a ls c h o o l s , l i b r a r i e sa n dr e s e a r c hi n s t i t u t e s . 2 . H e a l t hs e r v i c e s-n o n p r o f i th o s p i t a l s ,~ s h om e s , o u t p a t i e n tc a r ef a c i l i t i e s ,a n dv i s i t i n gn u r s eo r g a n i z a t i o n s . 3 . H um a n s e r v i c e s-t h eYMCA , YWCA , B i gB r o t h e r s /B i gS i s t e r s , M e a l s on W h e e l s , among t h o u s a n d so fo t h e r s . 4 . Th ea r t sa n dc u l t u r a lo r g a n i z a t i o n s-mu s eum s , s ym p h o n i e s , r e p e r t o r y c om p a n i e s ,p u b l i c TV a n dr a d i os t a t i o n s ,among m any o t h e r s . 5 . R e l i g i o n-o r g a n i z e dc h u r c h e so fe v e r yd e n om i n a t i o n . 6 . C i v i c , s o c i a la n df r a t e r n a lo r g a n i z a t i o n sn e i g h b o r h o o d o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,f r a t e r n i t i e sa n ds o r o r i t i e s ,u n i o n sa n ds e r v i c e c l u b s . �4 I tw i l lb eh e l p f u la sw e l l t og a i n an i d e ao ft h ed im en s ion so ft h i s t h i r ds e c t o r . A so f 1986 ,t h es e c t o rw a s e s t im a t e dt oc o n s i s to f 873 ,000 o r g a n i z a t i o n s . I tp r o v i d e sh a l fo fo u rh e a l t hc a r e ,n e a r l ya q u a r t e ro fo u re d u c a t i o n ,a s u b s t a n t i a lp o r t i o no fs o c i a ls e r v i c e s , mo s t o ft h ea r t s ,and a l lo fo u rr e l i g i o n . I temp loy s7 . 2m i l l i o n p e o p l e , wh i ch i s6 . 1p e r c e n to fo u rt o t a lemp loym en t . I ta c c o u n t sf o r $ 2 2 8 . 2b i l l i o ni nin com e ,wh i ch i s6 . 4p e r c e n to ft h en a t i o n a lt o t a l . Th e s ef i g u r e s ,by t h ew ay , a r et a k e nf roma s t u d ydon e by t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n INDEPENDENTSECTOR ,p u b l i s h e di n198 ,. Who s u p p o r t st h et h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n s ? We a l ldo ,b o t h i n d i r e c t l y( t h r o u g h ~ es and d i r e c t l y( t h r o u g hp h i l a n t h r o p y and v o l u n t e e r i sm ) . Ag row ing numb e ro ft h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n sa l s o e a r n in com eby c h a r g i n gf e e sf o r es~ es t h e yr e n d e r . Gov e rnm en t on a l ll e v e l s-l o c a l ,c o u n t y ,s t a t e ,and f e d e r a lp r o v i d e s 20 p e r c e n to ft h es u p p o r tf o ro r g a n i z a t i o n si nt h et h i r d s e c t o r ,t h r o u g hd i r e c to u t l a y s and r e im b u r s em e n t s . A l s o , t h i r ds e c t o r o r g a n i z a t i o n sa r es u b s i d i z e dt h r o u g hs p e c i a lp o s t a lr a t e sand ts h o u l db em en t ion ed t h a tn o ta l lt h i r d ex emp t ion f rom t a x a t i o n . I s e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n sr e c e i v ed i r e c to u t l a y s and r e imbu r s em en t sf rom gov e rnm en t a lo r g a n i z a t i o n s ;b u ti nt h ea g g r e g a t e ,o n e f i f t ho f th e s u p p o r to f su cho r g a n i z a t i o n sc om ef romgov e rnm en t a ls o u r c e s . �5 Th eg r e a tm a j o r i t yo fs u p p o r tf o rt h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n s ,h ow e v e r , com e sf romp h i l a n t h r o p ya n dv o l u n t e e r i sm . A c c o r d i n g t ot h e p u b l i c a t i o nG i v i n g , USA , mo r e t h a n .$93b i l l i o nw a s d o n a t e dt os u c h o r g a n i z a t i o n si n1 9 8 7 . M any p e o p l e im a g i n et h a tc o r p o r a t i o n sa n d l a r g ef o u n d a t i o n sg i v et h el i o n ' ss h a r eo ft h i ss u p p o r t ,b u tj u s tt h e o p p o s i t ei st r u e . I n1 9 8 7 , 88 p e r c e n to ft h eg i v i n gi nt h i sn a t i o n w a s b yi n d i v i d u a l s . B u t t h e r ei sa ne v e nl a r g e rs o u r c eo fs u p p o r tf o r -~ s e c t o r o r g a n i z a t i o n st h a np h i l a n t h r o p y . V o l u n t e e r i sm i st h el a r g e s ts o u r c e o fs u p p o r tf o rt h es e c t o r . A c c o r d i n g t ot h eI ~ SECTOR ,a r e c e n tG a l l u p P o l lr e v e a l e dt h a t80 m i l l i o n a d u l t sv o l u n t e e r e di n 1 9 8 7 ,g i v i n ga t o t a lo f1 9 . 5b i l l i o nh o u r s ,r e p r e s e n t i n gan e s t im a t e d v a l u eo f $150 b i l l i o n . T o g e t h e rt h e n ,.ph ilanth ropya n dv o l u n t e e r i sm c o n t r i b u t e dn e a r l y $250 b i l l i o nt ot h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n si n1 9 8 7 . Th es t a t i s t i c sI h a v ej u s tc i t e da r e im p r e s s i v e ,b u tt h e yc a n s om e t im e so b s c u r et h et r u em e a n i n g o fs u c ha c om p l e xi d e aa st h et h i r d s e c t o r . S p e a k i n gi nhum an t e rm s ,t h es e c t o rt o u c h e sa l lo fo u r l i v e s . I ti sp o s s i b l et ob eb o r ni na n o n p r o f i th o s p i t a l ,a t t e n d p r i v a t es c h o o l s ,g r a d u a t ef r oma p r i v a t eu n i v e r s i t y ,s p e n da c a r e e r w o r k i n g f o rs o c i a ls e r v i c eo r g a n i z a t i o n s ,r e l a xb yv i s i t i n gmus e um s , d i ei na n o n p r o f i tn u r s i n g hom e ,a n dh a v eam em o r i a l s e r v i c ei na c h u r c h . �6 In fact, it is impossible for us not to be involved with the sector. We are involved as users and donors, as professionals and as volunteers. It is an essential part of everyone's life. The sector can, in a sense, be all things to all people because of its incredible diversity. Its organizations form a mind-boggling variety. its constituent entities are polar opposites: Some of the National Rifle Association and Hand Gun Control, Inc.; Right to Life and Planned Parenthood. Their diversity helps to protect our country's pluralism, and our liberty. The sector is the home for many of the causes in which we believe. Its organizations feed the hungry, provide shelter for the homeless, care for the ill, and fight for basic human rights. some of our most cherished freedoms: They safeguard religion, speech, and assembly. Moreover, America's third sector is the envy of the world. In no other nation is private, voluntary action for the public good practiced to such an extent. In fact, some nations, such as Japan and Italy, are deliberately attempting to stimulate the formation of a third sector in their countries. Individuals are the life blood of America's third sector. Seventy-two percent of its support comes directly from individuals through philanthropy and volunteerism. Without these gifts of money, talent, and time, the sector would not be able to function. �7 I I I G i v e n t h ei n c r e d i b l eim p o r t a n c eo ft h et h i r ds e c t o r )y o uw o u l d t h i n k i t w o u l db ew e l l s t u d i e d ) w e l l k n ow n ) a n dw e l l a p p r e c i a t e d . u n f o r t u n a t e l y )i sn o tt r u e . Why ? 1 . T h i s ) T h e r ea r em any r e a s o n s : D i v e r s i t ya l t h o u g ht h e r ea r ed i f f e r e n tt y p e so f gov e r nm e n t a n dd i f f e r e n tt y p e so fb u s i n e s s e s )a l ls h a r ec e r t a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . B u taf a rm e r ' s e ~ e h a sa lm o s t n o t h i n gi nc omm o nw i t ha na r tmu s eum , n o rd o e st h eK e l l o g g F o u n d a t i o nh a ve mu ch i ncommon w i t h t h eM e a l s on Wh e e l s p r o g r am . T h e s ed i f f e r e n c e sc a u s ep e o p l et ot h i n ko f t h em s e l v e sa s mu s eum p r o f e s s i o n a l so rv o l u n t e e r so ra s hum an s e r v i c ep r o f e s s i o n a l so rv o l u n t e e r s )n o ta sm emb e r s o fa l a r g e rs e c t o r . 2 . A n o n ym i t y-d o n o r so f t e nw i s h t or em a i nanonymou s wh en t h e y g i v ea g i f t . M any m e d i c a l a n ds o c i a lr e l a t i o n s h i p sm u s t b e k e p tc o n f i d e n t i a l . A sa r e s u l t )mu ch mo r e i sg o i n g on in t h e se c t o rt h a np e o p l er e a l i z e . 3 . S u c ce s s-w e o f t e n take f o rg r a n t e dt h a tw h ich wo r k s and is a lw a y st h e r e . W h i l e w e he a rd a i l yo ft h efa i l u r e so ft h e governm ent a n dt h eb u s i n e s ss e c t o r s )w e h e a rl i t t l ea b o u t f a i l u r e si nn o n p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o n s . m i n d . Ou t o fp r i n ti so u to f �8 T h i si n v i s i b i l i t yh a sv e r yr e a lcon s equ en c e sf o rt h et h i r ds e c t o ri n t h el a r g e rs o c i e t y . Fo r ex amp l e ,t h et h i r ds e c t o ri sl e f to u t ,o ra t l e a s tn o tc l e a r l yi d e n t i f i e d ,i nt h ewo r ld o fe d u c a t i o n . M cGu f f ey ' s r e a d e r su s ed t ot e a c ht h ev i r t u e so fc h a r i t yand o fv o l u n t e e r i n g ,b u t no l o n g e r . H igh s c h o o l su s ed t ot e a c hc i v i c s ,wh i ch w a s n o tm e r e l y t h es t u d yo f gov e rnm en t ,b u ta l s ot h ed u t i e so fg i v i n gt im eand mon ey . F ew e r and f ew e rdo sonow . C o l l e g e sh av en o ti n c l u d e dt h e s ev a l u e si n t h e i rc u r r i c u l a , sos t u d e n t sc an g r a d u a t ew i t h o u th e a r i n ga b o u t th em ev en o n c e . U n t i l r e c e n t l y ,s t u d e n t sc o u l de a r n a~ s e s o fb u s i n e s s a dm i n i s t r a t i o nd e g r e e ,o ra m a s t e ro fp u b l i ca dm i n i s t r a t i o nd e g r e ei n do z en so fu n i v e r s i t i e s ,b u tn ou n i v e r s i t yo f f e r e da m a s t e r ' s d e g r e ei n n o n p r o f i ta dm i n i s t r a t i o n . H a p p i l y , t h i ss i t u a t i o ni sc h a n g i n g ,w i t h ah a n d f u lo fs u c hd e g r e e sn ow b e i n go f f e r e da round t h en a t i o na tsu ch i n s t i t u t i o n sa sC a s eW e s t e rn R e s er v eU n i v e r s i t y , I n d i a n aU n i v e r s i t y , and h e r ei nM i ch ig an a tW a l sh C o l l e g e . W e m igh t s t o pa tt h i sp o i n t and ask w h ye d u c a t i o na b o u tt h et h i r d s e c t o ri sim p o r t a n t . F i r s t ,m i l l i o n s o f Am e r i c an s a r e un aw a r eo f t h e i rb a s i cc i v i cd u t i e s . L e s s t h a no n e h a l fo ft h o s ee l i g i b l ev o t e d i nt h e1988 p r e s i d e n t i a le l e c t i o n . We t endt ot a k eth e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e so fc i t i z e n s h i pf o rg r a n t e d , and f a i lt ore cog n i z e t h e i rim p o r t a n c ei nd a i l yl i f e . �9 S e cond ,p e o p l ew h o wo rk f o ro rm an ag e n o n p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o n sa r en o t t r a i n e dt od o so i ns c h o o l s . C e r t a i n l y ,s om eo ft h et e c h n i q u e so f m an ag em en t , a r e g e n e r i c ;t h e r e f o r ea m a s t e r ' s o fb u s i n e s s a dm i n i s t r a t i o nwou ld b eh e l p f u li ns om er e s p e c t sf o rt h em an ag e r s o f n o n p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o n s . O nt h eo t h e rh and , how ev e r ,i ti sc l e a r t h a tm an ag ing a n o n p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o ni sm u c h d i f f e r e n tf rom m an ag ing a f o r p r o f i to r g a n i z a t i o n ,e s p e c i a l l yi nt h es e n s et h a tt h e r e i sa v e r yd i f f e r e n tbo t tom l i n e .A sa r e s u l to ft h i sl a c ko fe a r l y t r a i n i n go p p o r t u n i t i e s ,t h e r ei sa g r e a td e a lo f ~ t h eh a r dw ay and a l o to fu n n e c e s s a r ym i s t a k e s m a d e by t h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n s . T h i r d ,p o l i c ym a k e r sn e ed t ok n ow mo r e a b o u tt h es e c t o r . In t h el a s t e i g h ty e a r s , Cong r e s sh a sm an ag ed t os q u e e z et h i r ds e c t o r o r g a n i z a t i o n si na t h r e e -w a yv i c e . F i r s t ,t h e yc u tb a ck o ng r a n t st o t h e s eo r g a n i z a t i o n s ,t h e nt h e ym a d e i th a r d e rf o rth emt or a i s e c h a r i t a b l ec o n t r i b u t i o n s ,t h e nt h e ym a d e i t h a r d e rf o rth emt oe a r n mon ey t h r o u g hsu cht h i n g sa sg i f tshops a l e sby t h eim p o s i t i o no f an u n r e l a t e db u s i n e s s in com et a x . I fCong r e s sm en and o t h e rp o l i c ym a k e r s kn ew mo r e a b o u tt h es e c t o r ,p e r h a p st h e ywou ld n o tp l a c e su ch o b s t a c l e si ni t sp a t h . �10 With regard to education about the third sector, there are two great needs: 1. General education about philanthropy, volunteerism and non-profit initiative. All students should be trained to appreciate and to participate in philanthropy and volunteerism in order to improve the quality of our life. 2. Training of practitioners: pre-service, in-service, and graduate. What are the colleges and universities doing now? To their credit, colleges and universities are beginning to meet these needs. Over the past two years, the Association of American Colleges, with major assistance from the Kellogg Foundation, has awarded $240,000 to 16 colleges and universities across the country to start classes on philanthropy. These courses all have experiential components, and whenever possible they have attempted to go beyond the bounds of a single class in order to infuse these concepts from many areas of study across the curriculum. Since 1978, 19 centers have been founded on university campuses across the nation to teach and conduct research about philanthropy and volunteerism. Duke. The first was at Yale, and one of the newest is at The offerings of these centers vary, but most specialize in research, and many offer graduate degrees. �11 Ina d d i t i o n , twoM i ch ig an c o l l e g e sh av em a d e good b e g i n n i n g si n t r a i n i n gt h e i rs t u d e n t si np h i l a n t h r o p yand v o l u n t e e r i sm . H i l l s d a l e C o l l e g e ,w i t ht h ea i do fa g r a n tf rom t h eK e l logg F o u n d a t i o n ,h a s l aun ch eda f o u r y e a rC o l l e g eS e r v i c eF e l l ow s h i pP rog r am . A l l in com ing H i l l s d a l es t u d e n t sw i l lr e c e i v ein com ingo r i e n t a t i o nt op h i l a n t h r o p y and v o l u n t e e r i sm , and ISOw i l lb e cho s en f o rs p e c i a lt r a i n i n gi nt h e s e a r e a s ,i n c l u d i n ga s p e c i a lv o l u n t e e rp r o j e c t . A lb ion C o l l e g e ,a g a i n w i t ht h ea s s i s t a n c eo ft h eK e l logg F o u n d a t i o n ,h a sb egun a p rog r am s t r e s s i n gi n t e r a c t i o nb e tw e en c ampu s and commun i ty .t h a ti n c l u d e sa commun i ty fo rum ,a c o u r s eo nt h et h e o r yand p r a c t i c eo fv o l u n t e e r i sm , and a n o n p r o f i ts e r v i c ec e n t e ri ndown town A l b i o n . A l lo ft h e s e e f f o r t sh av eb egun t oc l o s et h eg ap . Th eq u e s t i o ni s ,wh a t s h o u l d ~ b e do ing ? I amn o ts u r et h a tI c an an sw e rt h a tw i t ha u t h o r i t y ,s i n c eI amn o ts u r ee x a c t l ywh a t you a r ea l r e a d yd o i n g . Bu t Ic an s a yt h a tC a l v i nc o u l db ev e r yh e l p f u l . A sa l i b e r a la r t sc o l l e g ew i t h ar i c ht r a d i t i o no fa c ad em i ce x c e l l e n c e and s e r v i c et oi t scommun i ty and t om ank ind , C a l v i nh a sm u c h tob e p roud o f . You r t r a d i t i o no fs e r v i c eg row so u to fag r e a tr e l i g i o u s comm i tm en t , and y e tp e r h a p sC a l v i nc o u l dd o mo r e , p e r h a p sh and i nh and w i t h th ed i r e c t o ro fs t u d e n tv o l u n t e e r s . �12 Ac l a s son p h i l a n t h r o p ya n dv o l u n t e e r i smm i g h t b en i c e ,b u tt h a tw o u l d i s o l a t et h e s ev i t a ls u b j e c t si na s i n g l ec o r n e ro ft h ec u r r i c u l um . I t w o u l db eb e t t e rt oi n f u s et h e s ec o n c e p t st h r o u g h o u tt h ec u r r i c u l um , a n da g a i np e r h a p sy o ua r ea l r e a d yd o i n gs o . Ic a n ' th e l pb u tt h i n k t h o u g h ,t h a ti nh i s t o r y ,s t u d e n t sc o u l dl e a r na b o u tt h ek e yr o l e s p l a y e db yv o l u n t e e r sa n dp h i l a n t h r o p i s t s-i np s y c h o l o g y ,t h e p s y c h o l o g yo fg i v i n g-i np o l i t i c a ls c i e n c e ,t h er o l eo ft h et h i r d s e c t o rs h o u l db es t u d i e d-a n di na n t h r o p o l o g yt h eim p o r t a n c eo f a l t r u i smi nhum an d e v e l o pm e n t ,e t c . E v e r ys t u d e n ts h o u l dupon g r a d u a t i n gh a v eb e e ne x p o s e dt ot h e s ec o n c e p t s ~ u e s t h e i r im p o r t a n c e . I fy o ua r ei n t e r e s t e di non ew ay o fd o i n gt h i s ,I e n c o u r a g ey o ut ot a k eo n eo ft h ec o p i e so fL i b e r a lE d u c a t i o n , t h a tI b r o u g h tw i t hm e t o d a y . T h i si s s u ed e s c r i b e st h eAAC c l a s s e son p h i l a n t h r o p y . S t u d e n t ss h o u l dn o to n l yl e a r na b o u tt h e s ei d e a sb u t£ £ lon thema s w e l l . E x p e r i e n t i a le d u c a t i o ni so n ee x c e l l e n tw ay t odo t h i s . I hop e C a l v i nw i l l j o i nt h eM i c h i g a n C om p a c t , w h i c h i st h es t a t ew i d ea rm o f t h eN a t i o n a l C ampu s C om p a c t . C u r r e n t l yt h ef i v ei n s t i t u t i o n si nt h e M i c h i g a n Comp a c ta r eM i c h i g a n S t a t eU n i v e r s i t y , N o r t h e r nM i c h i g a n U n i v e r s i t y , A l b i o nC o l l e g e , Hop e C o l l e g e ,a n dL a n s i n g Commun i ty C o l l e g e . As u s t a i n e dv o l u n t e e re x p e r i e n c ec o u l db ep a r to ft h e g r a d u a t i o nr e q u i r em e n t sf o re v e r ys t u d e n t . I ti sa l s o im p o r t a n tt o �13 wo rk w i t hs t u d e n to r g a n i z a t i o n st op r o v i d es y s t em a t i cand comp r eh en s iv et r a i n i n gand e x p e r i e n c ei nb o a r d sm a n s h i p . T h e p r i n c i p l e so fp a r l i am e n t a r yp r o c e d u r e ,t h es k i l l so f con s en su s b u i l d i n g , and t h et e c h n i q u e so f wo rk ing w i t hs t a f fa r ec r i t i c a lt ot h e s u c c e s so fc i t i z e nb o a r d sl a t e ri nl i f e ,and c i t i z e nb o a r d sa r e b e com ing i n c r e a s i n g l yim p o r t a n tt ot h ef u n c t i o no fo u rd emo c r a cy . Th er i c hand v a r i o u sf i e l d so f know l edg ei nwh i ch C a l v i n ' sp r o f e s s o r s a r ee x p e r tc o u l db ev e r yh e l p f u lt ononp r o f i t s . P r o f e s s o r sc o u l d s e r v ea sc o n s u l t a n t s ,h o l dc o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o ns ~ s f o r p r a c t i t i o n e r s and t h i r ds e c t o ro r g a n i z a t i o n s , and s h a r et h e i r e x p e r t i s ei no t h e r ,l e s sf o rm a lw ay s . I fC a l v i nw e r e t oexpo s ee v e r ys t u d e n tt ot h ec o n c e p t so fp h i l a n t h r o p y and v o l u n t e e r i sm ,m a k e s u r et h a tev e r ys t u d e n t ,ha d as i g n i f i c a n t v o l u n t e e re x p e r i e n c e ,t r a i n e de v e r y o n ei nb o a r d sm a n s h i p , and m o b i l i z e f a c u l t ye x p e r t i s et ot a c k l et h ep rob l em so fl o c a ln o n p r o f i t s ,C a l v i n wou ld b e an a t i o n a ll e a d e ram o n g sm a l ll i b e r a la r t sc o l l e g e si nt h i s f i e l d . I fC a l v i n we r et od ot h i s ,t h eC o l l e g e wou ld b e do ing a g r e a t t h i n gf o ro u rs o c i e t y . Ev e ry y e a rC a l v i nc o u l dt u r no u r hund r ed so f g r a d u a t e sw h ow i l ls u p p o r tt h ec a u s e st h a tw ec a r ea b o u t . Bu tC a l v i n wou ld a l s ob e do i n gi t s e l fa s e r v i c e . T h eC o l l ege i sa l s oa t h i r d s e c t o ri n s t i t u t i o n ,d e p e n d e n t upon v o l u n te e r s and p h i l a n t h r o p i s t sf o r i t ss u r v i v a l . Bo t hs o c i e t yand C a l v i nn ee d do e r s and g i v e r s . B y t r a i n i n gs t u d e n t si np h i l a n t h r o p yand vo luntee rism ,t h e r e f o r e ,C a lv i n c an t r u l y"dow e l l by d o i n gg o o d . " �14 What should all of us as a society be doing? course, is giving our time and money. a national standard The easy answer, of But how much of each? we should all become "fivers." There is As part of its "daring goals for a caring society", INDEPENDENT SECTOR has set a benchmark for generosity: five hours per week and five percent of your income. Where? Your school. human service agency. Your church. Your city. Your arts organization. Your club. Your local All need your time and your money. Why? If all the givers stop giving, we could never replace the money by taxation. If all the volunteers stopped volunteering, all of the taxes we could muster would fail to restore what they provide. Volunteers and givers are America's hidden resources, as precious as oil or gold. sustaining it. They have built American civilization, and they are What difference can one person make? Plenty. Research has shown, for example, that just one caring adult can be the difference between success and failure for young children. A single volunteer cannot change all of the world, but can change a small part of it. �15 IV I find Erma Bombeck to be a bit much sometimes, but several years ago she wrote a very moving account of what the world would be like without volunteers. She said: "the schools were strangely quiet, with no field trips, no volunteer aides on the playground or in the classrooms ... as were the colleges where scholarships and financial support were no more. died. The flowers on church altars withered and Children in day nurseries lifted their arms but there was no one to hold them and love. Alcoholics cried out . j ? despair, but no one answered, and the poor had no recourse for health care or legal aid. But the saddest part of the journey was the symphony hall which was dark and would remain that way. So were the museums that had been built and stocked by the volunteers with the treasures of our times. The hospital was quiet as I passed it. flowers, and voices. laughter. Rooms were void of books, The children's wing held no clowns ... no The reception desk was vacant. like a tomb. The home for the aged was The blind listened for a voice that never came. infirm were imprisoned by wheels on a chair that never moved. The Food grew cold on trays that would never reach the mouths of the hungry. All of the social agencies had closed their doors, unable to implement their programs of scouting, recreation, drug control, Big Sisters, Big Brothers, ¥W, YM, the retarded, the crippled, the lonely, and the abandoned. The health agencies had a sign in the window, 'the search for cures for cancer, muscular dystrophy, birth defects, multiple sclerosis, emphysema, sickle cell anemia, kidney disorders, heart diseases, etc., have been cancelled due to lack of interest. '" �16 All that stands between us and the chilling world envisioned by Erma Bombeck is that line of people who care enough to give their money and their time, their talents, and their hearts. that line. Give whatever you can. And we should all join What you get back is immeasurable. It is easy to sometimes deplore the role of the individual in changing large societal problems. But I would remind you that only people are important and that only people can make a difference. I often remember a few lines that I learned in school right here in Grand Rapids: "I am only one but I am one; I can I t do ('".erything, but I can do something; what I can do I ought to do; and what I ought t o do, by the grace of God I will do." If each of us will do what we c an and ought to do in the various roles of life, we will be doing our bit to better the human condition in our time in the world. can anyone seek? JJOfrglll7N I wish you all Godspeed. What better goal � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1989-01-25_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Philanthropy and Volunteerism- America's Hidden Resource Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 25, 1989 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at Calvin College. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Education Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-01-25 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/14c268dae55fb0eb675f6cabf6864879.pdf 445b5a69311139ea15c14588a7f65393 PDF Text Text - L I RGM's notes from present ation to Berrien-Cass-Van Buren Private Industry Council's "Employment Development Communit y Forum" on 194 a · a k MI : o n~ J anuar », I ') - ( \ 1 ,/ ) 1(/ r J �I, 1. ,. - I .) �f I , I �- 4A s an i n t e r e s t e do b s e r v e r , I comp l im en t you o ft h eDono r s Fo rum f o ryou r p r o g r e s st od a t e . A s m emb e r s and p a r t i c i p a n t si nm ak ing t h i n g sh app en , you s h o u l db e p l e a s e dw i t h you r a c comp l i shm en t s and e x c i t e df o rt h e f u t u r e . I I S h a r i n g t h o s et h o u g h t sl e a d su s n a t u r a l l y to t h ea s s i g n e d t o p i cf o r t o d a y : "P h i l a n t h r o p y ' s Ro l e f o rt h eF u t u r e o f t h e Common Good . " In t h i n k i n ga b o u t wh a t i sh app en ing i ncon t empo r a ry s o c i e t ya si tr e l a t e st o t h ef u t u r eo f t h ec omm o n good , I w a s t emp t ed to b e g i nw i t h a l i s to f c o n c e r n s n o t u n l i k e t h e ag end a o f t o p i c sb e i n g a d d r e s s e d a t t h i s e e li twou ld b ep r e sump tuou s and i n a p p r o p r i a t ef o rm e to c o n f e r e n c e . If p r o p o s e a longc a f e t e r i al i s to fi s s u e si nt h ea r e n ao ft h ec omm o n good . Y o ua r e know l edg e ab l ea b o u tt h e on ~ n i no u rc o u n t r y , you rs t a t e , and p a r t i c u l a r l yi nyou r hom e commun i t i e s . R a t h e r , I h av e c h o s e n , i nb r o a d o v e r v i ew , to s h a r ev e r y b r i e f l ys i x o b s e r v a t i o n s abou t t h i n g s g o i n g on i no u r s o c i e t y , f o r wh i ch im p l i c a t i o n sf o rp h i l a n t h r o p y a r e r a t h e ra p p a r e n t . t h e I hop e you w i l l f o r g i v emy f r e q u e n tr e f e r e n c et oM i ch ig an and B a t t l eC r e ek and a c t i v i t i e s o f t h eW . K . K e l logg F o u n d a t i o n-t h e s ea r et h e ex amp l e s I know b e s t . Y o uw i l ls e eyou r commun i ty and y o u r s e l fi nt h ei l l u s t r a t i o n sI sug g es t . O b s e r v a t i o n 1c o n c e r n st h es e em ing i n a b i l i t yo f ou rp o l i t i c a lp r o c e s s e s /1 and i n s t i t u t i o n st od e a lw i t hs i g n i f i c a n ti s s u e si ns u b s t a n t i a lw ay s . �- 5T h i s i smo s t v i v i da tt h en a t i o n a ll e v e lwh e r e Cong r e s s i ss t r u g g l i n g i n e f f e c t i v e l yw i t h s u c hc o n c e r n sa sf i s c a land f i n a n c i a lr e s p o n s i b i l i t y , t r a d eim b a l a n c e ,f a rm p r o g r am s , f o r e i g na f f a i r s ,c h i l dc a r e ,s u p p o r to f t h ea r t s ,e n e r g yp o l i c y , and e n v i r o nm e n t a lq u a l i t y . In L a n s i n g , o u rs t a t ep o l i t i c i a n sa r ee q u a l l yi n e f f e c t i v eon m a t t e r s o f s c h o o lf i n a n c e ,o u rs t a t eb u d g e t , Wo rkm en ' s Comp en s a t ion , and a h o s to f o t h e r c o n c e r n s . I s u s p e c t you m ay f e e l t h e s am e a b o u t d o i n g s i n Co lumbu s . A t t h el o c a ll e v e l ,you c an m ak e you r own a n a l y s i so fe f f e c t i v e n e s si n d e a l i n gw i t h hum an s e r v i c e s ,e n v i r o nm e n t a lc o n c e r n s , and a l lt h er e s t . T e chno logy h a s ch ang ed t h e n a t u r e o f p o l i t i c s and p o l it i c i a n s d r am a t i c a l l y . N ew t e c h n i q u e so fs o p h i s t i c a t e d ,i n s t a n t a n e o u sp o l l i n g and t h ei n f l u e n c eo f m a s s m ed i a t r e a tm e n to f e v e r y i s s u e and p e r s o n a l i t y s e em st oh av e f o r c e de l e c t e do f f i c i a l st ob e com e l e s st h e" l e a d e r s "o f s o c i e t yand mo r e t h ef o l l ow e r so fh e r di n s t i n c t . Th e r ei sa t end en cy to l e a do n l y wh en c o n s e n s u sh a sb e en r e a c h e d ,t ow a i t t os e e wh i ch p a r a d e i s go ing and t h e nr u s ht oi t sh e a d . ~ t h e O th e r ch ang e s wh i ch h av e i n f l u e n c e d th ep o l i t i c a lp r o c e s st os o c i e t y ' sd i s a d v a n t a g eh av eb e en t h e p r o l i f e r a t i o no ft h enumb e r and t h ed r am a t i ci n c r e a s ei ns k i l lo fs p e c i a l i n t e r e s tg roup so fe v e r yv a r i e t y and t h ec o n c e p to fe n t i t l em en t wh ich h a s h a n d c u f f e dp o l i t i c a lr e s p o n s e toch ang ingn e e d s . Tod ay , t h e r ea r e f ew i ne l e c t e d o f f i c e who c o u l d b e d e s c r i b e d a s s t a t e sm e nw i t hv i s i o n , comm i tm en t , and a c o n c e r nf o rt h ewho l e . P a t t e r n s o fp o l i t i c a l pow e ra l s oh av e ch ang ed d r am a t i c a l l y ,w i t h g r e a t e rd i f f u s i o n and l e s sl o y a l t yt op a r t yand p u r p o s e . �- 6T h e n e te f f e c to fa l lo ft h e s ech ang e sh a sb e en t h el e s s e n e da b i l i t yo f gov e rnm en ta ta l ll e v e l st ob ea s o u r c eand c a t a l y s tf o rs o c i a lch ang e . T h i s , t h e n , s u g g e s t s an enh an c ed p o t e n t i a l r o l e o f p r i v a t e s e c t o r i n i t i a t i v e st od em o n s t r a t en ew an sw e r st os o c i e t a ln e e d s , t oi n i t i a t i v e v e n t u r e s ,t op r o v i d et h ev i s i o n and comp r eh en s iv ea p p r o a c h wh i ch p o l i t i c s f a i l st op r o v i d e . I I O b s e r v a t i o n ~ on hift 2 c o n c e r n s t h e s e em ing r e t u r n (s b a c k ) t o l o c a l and c o n t r o li na d d r e s s i n gs o c i e t a ln e e d s . Fo r a sp ano fa b o u ts i xd e c a d e s-f rom t h e" p r o g r e s s i v ee r a "a t th et u r n o f t h ec e n t u r yt o th el a t e1 9 6 0 s , and p a r t i c u l a r l yb e g i n n i n gw i t h "N ew D e a l " i nt h ed e c ad eo ft h e' 3 0 s-t h ef e d e r a l gov e rnm en t took an e v e r i n c r e a s i n gp a r ti nm e e t i n g t h en e e d so ft h eAm e r i c an p e o p l e . S in c e t h e e a r l y 1 9 7 0 s , t h a tt r e n dh a s f i r s ts l ow e d , th en s e em ed t or e v e r s e . I n c r e a s i n g l y ,s t a t e s and l o c a l i t i e sa r eb e i n g c a l l e d upon to d e l i v e r s e r v i c e sand p r o v i d eb e n e f i t st op e o p l ea tt h ecommun i ty l e v e l . T h i s f a c t po s e s p rob l em s f o ra l ls t a t e s and l o c a l i t i e s . Th i s p u t s p r e s s u r e on t h e t a xs y s t em , e s p e c i a l l y , to r a i s er e v e n u e s t oc o v e r i n c r e a s e ds t a t eand l o c a le x p e n d i t u r e s . A d e s i r ab . . . l . e . con s equ en c ei st h a tmo r e p rob l em sa r eb e i n gi d e n t i f i e dand d e a lt w i t h c l o s e r to hom e , a n d , a sw e a l l know so w e l l , t h e an sw e r s u s u a l l yl i en o t i nd o l l a r sa l o n eb u t i nt h ei n c r e a s e d comm i tm en t and invo lv em en to fp e o p l e who c a r e . Ag a in , o p p o r t u n i t i e sf o rp r i v a t es e c t o r i n i t i a t i v e sa r e o b v i o u s : t h e r ei sa d e s p e r a t e n e ed t ob e com e mo r e �- 7 - effi cient and more effective in using limited resources and in mobilizing local leadership. II Observation 3 collaborations. concerns the increasing rhetoric . about (' public/private We hear it from the President, members of congress, our governors, and many of us. Such co ll a bo r a t i on of privat e philan thropy with public ins titutions and programs is going on in all of our communities, to the advantage of all. The best observations tend to be at the community level -- in education, child care and living for child the elderly, abuse prevention, substance abuse, intergenerational initiatives, independent the cultural and performing arts, and a host of other examples. A concern that I would share with you is that, unless we are careful in such collaborative efforts, they will, in a sense, be "one-way." Public officials are anxious to mobilize and ' direct private resources to "their chosen objectives." philanthropy available relates in for to the They are not always anxious to be helpful to private addressing such philanthropic treatment of deliberations still underway. concerns purposes. The charitable increasing current the resources evidence contributions in the of this budg et While rhetori c on beha lf of phil a nthro py , charit able contributions, an d vo Lun t e e r i taken are usually erosive, as invasive, s tu i s usuall y effus i ve, ac t io ns re strictiv e, and discour aging. In our various legislat ive skirmishes at the nat ional level sin ce 196 9, we usually count success in terms of limited losses rather than real gains. �- B - I think our continuing approach should be to be cooperative with public institutions and organizations, but to be cautious and not be coerced. Observation 4 concerns the dichotomy between the nature of the problems which concern us and the soluti ons we devise. The problems of concern to society tend to be complex, multidisciplinary, overarching, pene trating, a n d permeating. Each of us can make our own list -- inflation, K-12 and higher education, home care for the elderly, groundwater, environmental quality, job generation, peace. To the contrary, the solutions tend to be narrow, most often devised to address such issues discipline- or profession-oriented and biased, simplistic, and inadequat e to the task. A major contribution of philanthropy in addressing societal needs can be to encourage and demonstrate programs which are comprehensive, collaborative, and provide continuity. I Observation 5 concerns the Qersistent reluctance to face facts and to deal with reality. This is a somewhat human c ha r ac t e r i s tic -- a resist anc e t o ch a n ge, when we are comfortable with that which we kn ow. Sometimes, ev en when the eviden ce is overwhelming, both individuals and their institutions are reluctant to respond. It is a most areas of human concern, we know better than we do." truism that "in Think only of �- 9 - the areas which may be of special interest to you: substance abuse, K-l2 education, and health ca re. For example, if we think of child development in the early years, we know that age five is too late for societal concern and intervention, yet most youngs ters and mos t communi ties pr e-school programs of elementary years are high most lack comprehensive quality. important The and early childhood and evidence that is drop-out clear that the can really be pred icted by grades six or seven. Yet, we persist starving the te acher will in accrediting elementary t ell you our years that it schools whenever takes the at the resources first high are school level, limited. Every three months of the new school year to catch up to where students were when school ended in spring, the yet we persist in having a summer months a th e t h r ee - mon t h break in learning durin g school-year model established by an agrarian Pennsylvania recently society nearly two centuries ago. In the matter commented, of penal reform, the "It costs $24,000 a year Governor to keep a of person in the st at e p en, but only $8,000 a ye ar at Penn State." We as a society, through our institution s and org anizati ons, must put better which use ca t a l ys t . that is already kn own. Phil anthropy c an be a to ke y �- 10- / 1 o ~ II=1 ' on t u r f i sm " i c e r n s t h e p e r s i s t e n c e o n a f " d d r e s s i n g , con t a ln e ed s . U s u a l l y p rog r am s o f hum an s e r v i c e a r e b a d l y f r agm en t ed and l a c k c o n t i n u i t y . In B a t t l e C r e e k , f o r ex amp l e , w e h av e 67 i d e n t i f i e d v o l u n t a r y ,n o n p r o f i tg roup sd i r e c t e dt ot h en e ed so fy o u t h . P l u r a l i sm i s good ; c om p e t i t i o n c an a l s o b e h e a l t h y , b u t i n f i g h t i n g , a d v e r s a r i a l s t a n c e s ,and comb a t iv eb e h a v i o ra r en o t ! T h e c l e a r e st ex amp l ei no u r hom e town w a s i nh e a lt hc a r e , wh e r e w e h ad tw o h o s p i t a l s , v i r t u a l l y a c r o s s t h e s t r e e t f rom e a ch o t h e r , e a c h s u f f e r i n gf rom l e s st h a n50 p e r c e n to c cup an cy . In a d d i t i o n ,w eh av et h e u s u a lh o s to fo t h e rh e a l t hc a r eo r g a n i z a t i o n s-V i s i t i n g Nu r s e S e r v i c e , D ep a r tm en t o f P u b l i c H e a l t h , Am e r i c an R ed C r o s s , H o s p i c e , M e a l s o n Wh e e l s , v o l u n t a r y ambu l an c es e r v i c e s ,. andm any mo r e . U n h a p p i l y , w h i l e e a ch i s compo s ed o f i n t e l l i g e n t ,a b l e ,d e d i c a t e d , and w e l l i n t e n t i o n e d i n d i v i d u a l s ,e a ch a l s ot e n d st oa d d r e s si s s u e sf rom t h e p e r s p e c t i v eo ft h e i ro r g a n i z a t i o n a lo ri n s t i t u t i o n a lo b j e c t i v e s . E a ch i s c o n c e r n e dw i t h t h e i rown n i c h e , tooo f t e nn o ts e n s i t i v et ot h ea c t i v i t i e s o f o t h e r s and w i t h i n s u f f i c i e n ta t t e n t i o nt ot h e comp r eh en s iv eh e a l t h n e ed s o f t h ep e o p l e o f t h e commun i ty . In B a t t l e C r e ek w e f i n a l l y s u c c e e d e di ng ett i n gt h e two h o s p it a l s to m e rg e . Now w e a r e i nt h e p r o c e s so fg e t t i n gt h eo t h e rp l a y e r s toj o i nt h et e am . Ag a in , ac h a l l e n g ef o rp h i l a n t h r o p yt ob e an i n f l u e n c ei nb r i n g i n ga b o u t s e r v i c e swh i ch a r ec om p r e h e n s i v e ,c o l l a b o r a t i v e , and c o n t i n u o u s . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1994-01-25_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Employment Development Community Forum Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 25, 1994 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Berrien-Cass-Van Buren Private Industry Council. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-01-25 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e5d8def2128fd0ba45d1526ca1cdfa29.pdf 8c34c2b9fc696f5073ccfa8e40f690ef PDF Text Text -, / ~.,s) h ~ _- --h>- k-..L -zr: 20 --y- ~-.lW\. ) C!..-L ~,L. \;tA-t ~ r 3 ~ - ) _ _ tL.. .~- o ~- ~ 2-~ fL- ~"'J-I'...- H ~. ~ - , ) / CJ) �I I . AT emp t a t ion ,i np r e p a r i n gt h e s er em a r k s ,t ot u r nt h ec a l e n d a rah e ad a n o t h e r100 y e a r s ,f rom197¢ t ot h eyea r2 ~, andcommen tf romt h a t v an t ag ep o i n t on t h er e s ea r c hand edu c a t i o n a lf r am ewo rko ft h el a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n s .W e r eI t odo s o ,Iwou ld t a k et h er o l eo fan a r c h a e o l o g i s t ,pok ing amongth er u i n st odo cum en tt h em ann e r i nwh i ch and f o rwh a tr e a s o n sthe C o l l eges o fAg ri c u l t u r ep a s s e din t oo b l i v i o n ~ .._ ~~. -.~ ~2- ~~ -.. ~~ m i dw ay t h r o u gh t h e i rs e con dc e n t u r y A soe r i n gi d e a ,b u t one f o r u ) wh i ch cou ldb u i l da conv i n c i n 8c a s e . Afa s c i n a t i n gte chniQ .ue , emp loy ed .by T r i s t r am B e r e s f o r d , an En c ; l i sh f a rm e rwho l o o kedo n l y to~ y e a r 2015 i nde s c r i b i n gt h et r a n s f o rm a t i o n o fB r i t i s ha g r i c u l t u r e . O fd a ir y ine " f o rex a mp l e ,h es a i d : "Nowh e r ed i dt h ecom p lexo fs o c i a land e conom i cf o r c e sb e a rmor e s e v e r e l yt h an onth ed a iry ing i n d u s t r y . Th ec r i t i c a lf a c t o rh e r e w a s t h ep u r e l yhum an n eedt ok e ep up w i t ht h eJ o n e s e s . F ew e r and f ew e rw an t ed t om i lk cow ss ev end ays a w e ek i nan ag eo fi n c reas ing l e i s u r e . F am i ly fa rm e r sw e r ep rep aredt o ,f o rSUb j e c ti v er e a s o n s , b u to n l y so l o n ga sl i f eand s t r e n g t hl a s t e d .T h e i rc h i l d r e nc e r t a i n l yw e r en o t , andthef l i g h tf romth ev a l l e y so fWal e sw a s r e s p o n s i b l ef o ra c r o po fa ( ' ;r ic u l t u r n .l econom i s t swh i ch w a s Q.u ite af e a t u r eo ft h e' 5 0 sand'60 s•.I tse em st h a tt h eg ir ls w e r et h e f i r s tt ol e a v ehom e . Th e boy sn o tu n n a t u r a l l y fo l low ed . Th eo l d p e o p l er em a in edb e h i n d . Th en e x tg en e ra tion w e r eg l a dt os e l l t h ef am i lyf a rmwh en i nc o u r s eo ft im ei tc am et oth em . Tho s e who w e r el e f ton t h eh o l d i ng sf a i l edt of i n dw iv e s andt h er a c e o fdom e s t i cm i lk pr o d u c e r sdw ind l ed . "A tt h eo t h e r endo ft h es c a l et h eb i go p e r a t o r sw e r e fi g h t i n ga l o s i n gb a tt l ew i t h cos ts . Cow sre f u s e dt ob em i lk ed by r e mo t e c o n t r o lev enwh en sYmme t r i c a lJe r s e yudd e r sh adb e enb r e don t o F rie s ian s t o c k . Th ei d e ao fm i lk i ng t h ecow sw i thou th i r e d la bou rw a s un th i n kab l e . Af e wtr i ed and foun dt h a ti t d idn o t ag r e ew i ththem . T he shor t a g eo fsk ill e dm i lke r s ,l i k et h e J ~~ o fout d oo r nhcphcr -ds, bcc runo acu tc . J. ~ c o n tru c to r -o I 'L ou riuhcd for 0. timeund th eb e e fo ut Lc tkep tt h i n { ? ;G g o ing ,b u ti nt h eend i t w a s d i s cover e dt h a tth e r ewe r e econom ic adv a n t a Ge si nt h efe e d -lo t on on es i d eand t h eca ttle r an c h on t h eo t h e r . So d a i r yi n gsuccumb edto t h eP l a n tM i lk In du s t r y, i c hc o n v e r t sg rass mo r ee f f i c i e n t l yt h a nt h ecow , andwh os e wh p rod u c t i o ns c h e d u l ecan b eg e a r edto t h ef o u r d ay w e ek . T h e w i t c hw a s g r a d u a l , and t h e r ei sl i t t l eev id en ceth a t th e pub l ic s o b j e c t e dt ot h ech ange f romt h ebi o l o g i c a lt othe bac te rio lo g ica l ly �pu r er indu s t r ia l sU bs titu te . A f t er a l l, byt h a t tim e , ou r d i e t con s is ted o fs t and a r df ood p rodu c t s, and m an y youngp eop l e d i s l i k e dt h ei d e aa s we l la st h eta s t eo fcow 's m i l k . I th a d a tu r a lt od ri n ki t . " cea sedto be n , ~) /;.-: : / · A • .. "....'.-,,~ - , -\'-..~ , J\ ~ ' " LA - ~) . ......-u 3 v ' c . ."'"-'_ / J ex:: --I > ~ V~ "v �IV , Fo rP e r sp e c t i v e ,u s e f u lt ot u r np a ck t ot h ep e r i o di nh i s t o r ya c e n t u r y ago , wh en wh a t i spe r h aps ou rc o u n t r y ' s on ly o r i g i n a li d e ai nh i g h e r e d u c a t i o n-t h el a n d g ra n t sy s tem-w a s c o n c e i v ed : 1850(1862 )- a conce rn f o rf a r m ing and f a rmpeop le ,t om ak e t h e adv an t a g e so fh iGhe r ~ av a il a b le t ot h e son s and d a u g h t e r so ff a r me r s ~~ t h e wo rk ing c l a s s e s ,t od i r e ct t h e at t e n t ion o f suchi n s t i t u t i o n stot h ep ro b l em so fe a r n i n ga l i v i ng a s we l las l i v ingali f e . '18 8 7-th e n ,t h erea l i za t i o nw ed idn ' t know enou gh , sor e s e a r c h , 18 98-a conce rn f o rth e qu a l i t yo ffam i lyl i f e ,so1 l . 0m ee co nom i c s 1900- a conce rnt h a tt r a d i t i o n a ls ch o o l i n gw a sn 't p r e p a r i n g y o u n g s t e r sf o rt h ek i n ds o fl i v e st h e ywou ld le ad,soB os andG i rl sCl u bwo rk , now4 -H -t h e es tab li shm e n t by C o l l ege so fAg r i c u l t u r eo fd e p a r t m en t s o fru r a l edu cat i o n ando fr u r a ls o c i o l o gy , con c e rn e dw i th t h ew e l l b e i ng o fru ra lf o l k s 1914- tom ak eth e reSOD r c e so ft h ecom pu s ava i lab l et oa l l , Ex ten s ion ! �A l l t h e s ed ev e lopm en t s ,i n n o v a t i o n so ft h eh i g h e s to r d e r and ~ g r e a t e s ts o c i a land e conom i cs i g n i f i c a n c e ,a p r o d u c to ff a rml e a d e r s h i p ,r e p r e s e n t e da con c e rn f o rmo r e t h a nj u s tf a rmpr o d u c ti o nand m an ag em e r r t ~ a con c e rn f o rt h ef 'a r rne r,h i sf am i lyandh i sc omm u ni t y a sw e l l . v . Change has been a cha r a c t e r i s t i co ft h ec e n t u r y . An Ame r i c a nP r e side n t on c es a id " ' : ' -"Th e dogm a so ft h eQu i e tp a s ta r e in ad eQu a t et o~ s t o rmy :p r e s en t . . . A so u rc a s ei sn ew , somu s t w et h i n kan ew anda c tan ew . " T he P r e s i d e n t wa s Ab r ah amL i n c o l n ,t h et im ew a s 1862 . q n c eGov ern o r Me C 'n n e ;g jg ped the e4 :Ag Ii c a l Lme, ~ ef iB : l " l :ge s bj" 9 s t .a : a3 : i -eb i ' i ' t g=b h : l : sC t> eg e AmQng .t h em :• 1 . Ou r sw a s t h e nan a g r a r i a ns o c i e t y ,j u s ton t h et h r e s h o l do ft h e p r o c e s so fi n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n u r b a n i z a t i o nwh i ch h a s som a rk ed ly ch ang edt h es t a t u so fa g r i c u l t u r ei nt h eso c i a e conom i ccomp l ex . 2 . Wh e r e a s ac e n t u r yago ,t h eC o l l e g eo fA g r i c u l t u r ei nmo s t l a n d g r a n ti n s t i t u t i o n sw a s a dom in an tu n i t ,t o d a yi so n l y a mod e s t p a r to fa comp r eh en s iv e ,s o p h i s t i c a t e di n s t i t u t i o no fh i g h e r e d u c a t i o n . V e ry o f t e na r a t h e ri n s u l a rs ~ , n o ti n t e g r a l l y r e l a t e dt ot .h el a r g e ra c ad em ic and s c i e n t i f i ccommun i ty . 3 . 100y e a r s ago ,j u s tl a l i l l ch ingi n t oa c e n t u r yo ft e c h n o l o g i c a l d ev e lopm en t wh i ch h a sp rodu c ed t h eh i g h e s ts t a n d a r do fl i v i n gi n t h eh i s t o r yo fm an . Now , how ev e r , ou rs o c i e t yi se v i d e n c i n gan i n c r e a s i n gcon c e rn f o rt h eQ u a l i t yo fL i f e( n o tj u s tt h eQ u a n t i t y ) a v a i . l a b l et oe a ch i n d i v i d u a l . �-114 . A sa g r i c u l t u r a ls c i e n c eh a sp r o g r e s s e d ,b e en a s p e c i a l i z a t i o n and f r a gm en t a t ion. . . inth es t r u c t u r eo fc o l l e g e s and d ep a r tm e n t s , i nt h ef a b r i co fr e s e a r c h ,i nt h eindu s tr yo ff a rm ing ,i nt h em a z e o ff a rmo r g a n i z a t i o n s andt h ei n s t i t u t i o n swh i ch s e r v ea g r ic u l . tu r e , e n t u r yago ,h adP r o fe s s o r so fAg r i c u J t u r e ; now , who look sa t Ac t h et o t a l ? Th ec l i c h e . . . "F a rm e r sh ave p rob l em s ,c o l l e g e sh av e s~. . i sn o tw i thout s u b s t a n c e . i : \ �- -- - V I . Tu rn ing nowt ot h ef u t u r e ,comm en tb r i e f l yon t h r e et i d e so fcon c e rn wh i ch a r er u n n i n gandwh i ch s e emt oh av es i g n i f i c a n c ef o rt h er e s e a r c h and e d u c a t i o n a lf r am ewo rk ~ l a n dg r a n ta si tr e l a t e st oag r i c u l t ur e : A . Comme r c i a lA g r i c u l t u r e -you c an do cum en tb e t t e rt h a nI t h e s t a r t l i n gch ang e s wh i ch h av et a k e n I l ~ i ncomm e r c i a la g r i c u l t u r e i nt h el a s td e c ad e . P ro jec tions f o rt h ef u t u r emu s tb eb a s e d on t h ea s sump t iont h a tth e ch ang e so ft h en e x td e c ad ew i l lc au s et h e p a s t 10y e a r st oapp e a rt r a n q u i li nr e t r o s p e c t ;mu s t r e c o g n i z eth a t n e a r l ya l lp a s tp r e d i c t i o n so ft h ef u t u r eh av eb e en w rong onth e /c o n s e r v a t i v es i d e . 1 . T h ef a n t a s t i cr a t eo ft e c h n o l o g i c a ld ev e lopm en ti sf a s t con sum ing t h ep r e s e n ts t o c ko f~ - s s c i e n t i f i c l ~ . I ng e n e r a l ,t h ed ev e lopm ent a lr e s e a r c hs t r u c t u r ei na g r i c u l t u r e . s e em s o v e r b a l a n c e di nt h ed i r e c t i o no fa p p l i e dr e s e a r c h . Fo r ' - t h elongr u nv i t a l i t yo fa p p l i e da g r i c u l t u r a lr e s e a r c h ,t h e inv e s tm en ti ns o c a l l e db a s i co rp u r er e s e a r c hby u n i v e r s i t i e s n e ed st ob e exp and ed . [ �7 .2 . Such r e s e a r c hs h o u l dbe app ro a ch edw i t hl o o s e l y s t r u c t u r e d s ~~~~ s, f r o mt h r o u ghou tt h eu n i v e r s i t y , r emov ingt h ec o n s t r a i n i n gi n f l u e n c eo ft h es p e c i a l i z e d c omm o di t yandd i s c i p l i n epa tte rn wh i ch c h a r a c t e r i z e smo s t ag r i c u l t u r a lr e s e a r c ht o d a y . I th a sb e en o b s e r v e dt h a tt h e mo s t impo r ta n to r 8 a n i za t i o n a lf a c tl e a r n e di na p p l i e dp h y s i c s and c h em i s t r yr e s e a r c hdu rLn g anda f t e rWo r ld W a r I Icon c e rn ed t h eg r e a tadd ition t or e s e a r ch p r o d u c t i v i t yt h a ta c c r u e s inl a r g e r e s e a r c hg roup so fal o o s e k n i ti n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r yn a t u r econ t a i n i n gt h ecom p : : ' e t e sp e c t rumf rom _pu r es c i e n t i s t ,t h r o ugh m a th em a t i c i an s and st a t i s t i c i a n s ,t oa p p l i e dr e s e a r c h e r s . Too o f t e na g r i c u l t u r a lr e s e a r c h e r sh av eb e com ei s o l a t e df romt h e i r b a s i cs c i e n t i f i cd i s ci p l i n e sanda r en o ti ntou chw i t ho t h e r d i s c i p l i n e sr e l a t e dt ot h ep rob l ema th and . Pe r h a p st h eg r av es tcon ce r no ft h en e a rf u t u r ew i l l b et h ep rob l emo fa t t r a c t i n Gt oa g r i c u l t u r et h eb r i g h t e s tyoung m ind s i nt h er e l e v a n ts c i e n c e s . A g r i c u lt u r ef o rv a r i o u sr e a s o n s h a s~ s mu ch o fits a ttra c t ivene ssf o ryoung s c h o l a r sandt h e opp o r t u n i t yt ocon tinu et obe a p a r to fth e i rb a s i cd i s ci p l i n e w i l lb ee s s e n t i a li na t t r a c t i n g su chp rom i s ing i n d i v i d u a l st o add r es st h e i r p a r t i c u l a ra t t e nt i o nt oag r i c u l t u r e . ( 3 . Inapp l i e dr e s e a r c h ,c o n s i d e r a t i o nshou ldb e giv ent ot h e m i s s i o n ~ o rs y s t em s ap p r o a c h . Th ei s o l a t e d ,f r agm en t ed r e s e a r c ha p p l i c a t i o ne f f o r t so ft h et y p i c a lp r o j e c tp a t t e r na r e i n a d e q u a t e andi n a p p r o p r i a t et omod e rn p rob l em s . A sa s imp l e ex am p l e , ut i l i z at i o no fcompu te rt e c h n o l o g y f a rmr e c o r d s ,DH IA , �4 . ~ N ew l i n k a g e s mus tb ef o r gedbe tween u n i v e r s i t yre s e a r c h e r s andt h e ag r i c u l tu ra l indu s t r y-fa rm ingandtho seindus t r i e s I w hi c hs e r v ef a rm in g and wh ichmov e fa rm p rodu c t s toconsump ti o n . . J (? ;v1u cho fth ea p p l i ca t i o n-andappliedr e s e a r c h-w i l l mo r e p r i a t el ybe don ei nfa r mand indu s t r y ,ra t h e rt h a nt h e app ro re l a t i v e l ys t e r i l e and s t a t i cse t t i n go ft h euniv e r eL ty, 5 . Re s o u r c e sf romtheto t a l un iv ers i t ymu s t b e mobi l i z e dt o dea lw i t hp robl e m so f ag ricu lt u r ef o rwh i c h th eC o l l ege o f AGr i c u l t u r ea s gener a llycon ce i v e do rs t r u c tu r edis n o t a l ld p ro b a b ly sh o u l dn o tb e-pr e pa redto . cope . E xamples: a . L abo r - the chang i n gn a tu r eo ft h elabo r in pu t inf a rm ing f a rm e r s and fa rmleade r sa r e be ing comp e ll e dt ot a k eaw hol e n ewlook a tf a rmla b o r ,d ep artingf romthe· " f am i ly fa r m " no t i o n o f the pas tw henland , lab o r ,c a p ita l and m a n ag em en tw e r ev e st e d i non ep e r son o rf am il yandbecom i n g ap a r to fan indu st r i a l i z e d soci e tyi nwhi c hthep a tt e r nfo rf a rml a b o rm u s t b ec o n s i s t e n t ht h ef r am ewo rk o fr u l es e st a b l i s h edbyth ei n dus t r i a l wo r k w it f o r c e . b . F isc a l m a nag em en t-t h e co mme r c i a lf a r mo ft h en e a rf u t u r e (1980)w i l lb e a 0500 ,000 - $1 ,000,000e n t e rp rise . S o p h i s t i c a t ed f is c a l andt a xman agem en t w i ll b ee s s e n ti a lt oa p ro f i t a b l e o p e r a ti o n( In m any op er a tion stod a y ,w ise coun se l o fatax a c co u n ta n to ra t to r n ey m ay be mo r e cr i t ic a lt h a na chang ei n p rodu c tion t e chno l ogy) . c, ~. ~ . ~ L aw -t h el e g a ls truc tu r eo fth e fa r me n t e r p r ise ( f am i ly co rpor a tion v s .p a r t n e r sh i p) ;p rob l em so f ba r g a i n i n g , ~~ In sL i tu ti o n a lp r o bl em s( the o rG an i z a t i o n sandin s tit u t ions wh i ch s e rve ag r i cu lt u r e )-m any e ,c :ric 1.' . 1 t u ra lo r g an i za tions , f r o mthe g en er a lf a rmo r ga n iza t i ontoth e multip l i c i t yo f t yr e l a ted ~ s , n reles st h an f u l lye f f e c t i v e , commodi som ea r eev en d isfun c ti o n a l. �~ - \ )~ 1 _ E conom i cg rO i · r t ha .ndag ricu ltu re 'sp l a ce";' l i th ini t ,s h i f t i nG p o p u l a ti o nandlabo r fo r ce pat t e rn s , ~~ o f l ~ sl s, i n t e r r e l a t i onshi p so ft h e\ ' 10 r l dcomm un it y -the se and o t h e rd ev e lo pm en t s 0 .11 hav es iV1ifico . !1cefo rf ' a rmp eo p le . P ro fesso rT . T. ltz ,r enown ed e co nomi s ta t the U n i v e r s i t yo fC h icago , ho . s 0 se ~ F a rmp eope and t h e i r lead e rs a ren o t in g e n e r a l conv e rsan t w i tht h eid eas ,the ph ilo so ph ica l b a s i s andh is t o ric a lp r o cesse stha ta r ep a r t and p a r ce lo fth eu rb an i . z a t ion andi n d uo tria liz a tio no f, , 'h ich m od e rnag r i c u l t u r eis anin t e c ; ra lp a r t. T he s c i e n ti f icandtec lmo l o g ic a l kno \ '11ed c ; e unde r ly i nG m ode r n ~ l is\ l e ll und e rs toodby fa rmp eop le , bu tthe ch ang in c ; so c i a l and econom ic f r ome l1 o r l ;: i so t i ll la r g el yinth e rea lm o f m y t h. D r.J~ 1 ' . ~~ , a g r icu lt u ra l econom tsbo .t H ich i c ;ans ta te U n iv e rs i tyandrec en t ' m em b e ro f theP r cs i d en t'n C oun c i lo fE conom i cAdv i sors ,h a s oum tna r 1ze< . lt h es i t u a t i o n inth is' l ay : " I nm y op in ion , fou r ::Je t so f fac t sdom i n a t eany r e a l j . s t i c d e s c r i p tion o fth e scen einag r ic u l t u r etod ay : @ I . "1 . Th e PQ , 'ie r .s ~ . o fth is so c ie ty has be e ntr a . l1s fo rm e dand a lim v l e rG h1p o fa r a i c u l t u r eh ase i t h e rn o taw ak en ed th e po li tic t s ov rn my tho lo c ; i e s is unab l e ,ev en toth isfac to r,trappedbyi unw i l l i n G ,toad ap t0 c ;o .n iz a tion , po l i ci e sandta c t i c sto b e e f f e c t i v ei nth e ne \ '1p o l i t i c a lr e a . l i ty . P ---= = : _ - -- - "2. T he ~ .l a g ricu ltu r a l~ l s tru c tu r e hasre ach eda s t a t e r. an :l. zo t-lon . en ta tion , and i t slead e r s h ip i s o f cxb rem eo soen g ros s e dinin te rn ec i n ew a r f a r etha tt h an e ~ c lem e n t s o f comm e rc ia la g r i cu l t u r eox et h e ms e l v e s con t r t b ut i ng c r e a t l yt o g ene r a le r o s ion o ft h epo l . It i ca lpow e r '1'1h ichtOG e the rthey ex e r t. "3 . The un<1er l yi n g" l e oo fin t e rd ep end en tcommerc ia l ,G ov e rnm en ta l, I a lv..nd educa tiona lo rg an iza ti o n sinthese rv ice o fag r i po li tic cu l t u re a r c ch an r ; ing2 .nd no l o ng e ra r ea se ff e c ti v eas on c e th ey"T e r ein "J ~ a nd s o l v i ng t h ep r -obL em so fru r a ll i f e . T he o r ga n i za t i ona lsys temi nag r i cu ltu r ei s : b ecom ings o c i a l l y c lis f u nc L onu l . , "4 . Hi t hfe";'l c x c ep t ion n ,i nany d irec tion youloo k , the re a r eris inG lev e ls o f con f l i c t ,te n s i on , andm ount i n g ev i d en ce o fw ha t can .on ly be. desc ribedas a sp e c tac u l cxfa i lu r eO 'l ed c r s h i p. T h e gen e ra t iono fin e l !v t ua t , c ";Tl10 now m anth en eo r l : : : a n i z a t i o no do no t un c1e rG tandt h e i rd epend en ce on e uponanot h e r, no rd .o t h e y pe rc e i v e the chung i n Cs it u a tion o ft h e i rs i c te r in s ti t .u tion s' iTe ll enoug h ea b l et ore la teth em s e lv e sinc .m ann e rtha t avo id s tob unnec es s a r ycon f 'L i .c 'c , T h ey a r ethu8ledi l l t om . U tu, D ll ys e l f deo tru c tivc p a t t e r n so fb eh av io r." Th e ~~ t o\ l h l c hsu ch a s i tu a ti o nex ist sisi na sense anind ic tm en to f .tio nino .g r ic u l t uxeinthe s J~ ande no bv i o u s cha . l .L eng etod ay and edu co tom o r r o v l . \ �F rom arecen t is s u eo fM ich ig an F a rm e r : I " .....m any ag r i cu l t ur a lo r g a n iz a tions a r ei ns a d sh ape , hav i ngfa i l e dt ok e ep up w i t hs o c i a lc h ang e . ~s d e cl i n eb eg an abo u t 1925 . P r i o r tot h a t , ag rit l IT a lo rg ani z a t ion hadb een soe f f e c t i ve i t h ad cul b e en a mode lf o ro t h e r s-t h e USDA,theAGr i c u l tu r a l en t St a tion , andtheland g r a n t co lleges f o r E xpe rim re sea rc h ;t h eE x ten s ion S er v i c efo r edu c a ti o n ; and r m er si n novat i n g and u s ing n ewi n f o r m a tion qu ick ly . fa "Th en c am ea m a jo r re v o l u t i o ni nso c ie ty . Th ec e n t u r y o fte c hnol o g i c a ld e v e lopm en t beG a nt og iv e w ayt oth ee r a o fhuman dev e lopm en t and o fe f f e c t iv e m anpo w e ru se . A g ri cu l t ur eha s con t i nued t op rod u ce pe rm a n e n t l yd am ag ed p e o p l e--f il l i ng c i t yw e lfa rero l l sw it hex f a rm e r sand f a rmlabo re r s . "A g r i c u l tu re has b e en on t h ew rong s i d ei nth e re v o l u t i o n , andh a s eme r g edw it ha s o r r yim ag e . Ag r i c u l t u r em u s t , con sequen t l y , upd at ei t so rga n i z a t i o n s andit sim a g e , so t h a tf a rm e r sb e com e --and l o o k s o c i a l l yr e s p o n s i b l e andu s e f u l . " Th es o c i a lsc i e nc es --soc io logy ,p o l i t i c a ls c i e n c e ,p sy cho logy h av e mu chto o ff e ri nr e l a t i o nt osu chp rob l em si f mob i li z e d . �\1 - - _ ~ r. J 0 - 1 ( �. ~. / Un ive r s i tyed u c a t i o n inag r i c u l tu re shou l dbe an i n t e g r a lp a r to f t h eto t a l un ive r s i t y , no t in s u l a r ,p r ov inc ial ,p eda n t i ca si s ,toooften nowthecase. Sir Eric Ashby suggests thattechnology i t s e l fs h o u ld be t h ep h ilo sophic a land o rga n i z a t i o n a l ce n t e ro fa l l , r ' u n i v e r sit yedu ca tion . H ea rGu e s p er s uas ive ly t h a tt h eg r ea tch a sm ~ / I J ~ J r .{1 i \ w ' nowdiv id ing educa ted m en. . . . t h e gul f be tw e en s c i e n ce andthe hum an i t ie s. . . . i sa r t i f i c i a land c anb ee l i m in a t ed f romedu ca ti o n by o rga n iz i n gc u r r i cu lum and ph il o s o p h ya r ound t e c h n o l o gy . r som et e chno logy is ne cess a r y fo r ani n d i v i d ua lt o C ommandove s u r v i v ein m od er nso c i e t y andA shby ar g u e s I ~ ~ com bi n e s t h econce r n s and app roach es o fb o t h sc i en c e and t h ehum a n iti e s . I nT echnu logy and t h eA c ad e m ics, h e say s : I �"T e chno logyi si n s e p a r a b l ef romm en and commun i t i e s . I n t h i sr e s p e c tt e chno logyd i f f e r sf romp u r es c i e n c e . I ti st h e e s s en c eo ft h es c i e n t i f i cm e thod t h a tt h ehwn an e l em en tmu s t b ee l im i n a t e d . S c ience do e sn o td i s p e n s ew i t hv a l u e sb u t i tdo e se l im i n a t et h ev a r i a b i l i t yo fhwn an r e s p o n s et ov a l u e s. • ~ I td e s c r i b e s ,m e a su res, and c l a s s i f i e si nsu cha w ayt h a t v a r ia t i o ndu et ohum an j u d cm e n ti se l im i n a t ed . Unl i k es c i e n c e , te chno lo GY con c e rn st h eapp l i c a t i o no fs c i en c et ot h en e ed s o fm an and s o c i e t y . Th e re f o r et e chno logyi si n s e p a r a b l e f romhum an i sm . Th et e c h n o l o g i s ti sup t oh i sn e ck in h uman p rob l em s wh e th e rh el i k e si t o rno t. . . Th es o c i a lcon s equ en c e so fh i swo rk a r et h e r e f o r ean i n t e g r a lpa r to fh i s p r o f e s s i o n . " Thi sconcop t .un .Lapp roach h as . ~ . f o ra1 ! , ri c u l t u r e .A s s t u d e n t sd em and r e l e v an c ei nth eu n i v e r s i t y , ag r i c u l t u r e w i t h as o l i dr e c o r do fa ch i ev em en t and e x p e r i e n c eon wh i ch t ob u i l d shou ldb eo u tf r o n ti f i t w i l ld e a lw i t h su chp rob l em so ffood supp lyandhum an n u t r i t i o n ,q u a l i t yi nhum an l i f e-r u r a land u r b a n , andt h eenv i ronm en t . 7 . Th eg en iu s. o ft h eE x t e n s i o n Ld e ai sa sv a l i dtod aya swh en f i r s t con c e iv ed . U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,b u r e a u c r a t i ct e n d e n c i e s ,i n s t i t u t i o n a l i n e r t i a and i n t e r n e c i n epow e rs t r u g g l e sh av eb l u n t e dt h e a b i l i t yo ft h eE x t e n s i o n sy s t emt or e spondt och ang eand a c commod a t et h en ew c i r c um s t a n c e s( Teo a seems t ~~~' - ll~f j can t . ~ H i :sSQu ,p . i 'I'~ '- ~~ '. ) D e sp i ted if f i c u l t ie s, Ex t en s ion i swo rk ing o u ti t sp rob l em sw i t hp e r s i s t e n c eando f t e n g r e a ts k i l l . Wh e r e a s Ex t en s ion r e p r e s e n t sa v i a b l em e ch an i sm f o re d u c a t i o n w i t hc e r t a i nc l i e n t e l eg r o u p s , app ro a ch e st ov a r i o u s aud i en c e s ~ t ob er e f i n e d . S p e c i f i c a l l y ,t h eU n i v e r s i t y mu s t con c e rni t s e l f w i t h t h ec o n t i n u i n ge d u c a t i o nn e ed so fp r o f e s s i o n a l si na g r i c u l t u r e . On c e w e r eo u tf r o n ti nt h i sr e s p e c t ;nowb y p a s s e dby o t h e rp r o f e s s i o n a l �B . Ru r a l Am e r i c a -t h eev id en c eo ft h eRu r a lL ag i nAm e r i c ai sso conv in c ing , and h a sb e en so mu ch ~ l on ,t h a tI11 n o t d e t a i lt h es i t u a t i o n h e r e-in co m e ; p u b l i c se r -v ' i c es, i n c l u d i n g e d u c a t i o n .h ea .Lt h , ~l , p r o t c ct i o n ;hou sin r , ;c u l t u r a loppo r» t u n i t i e s .U n i v e r s i t i e s , how ev e r ,h av en o t r e spond edt ot h i s ev id en c e-no ta st h e yh av et ot h eu r -b an c r i s L s . I nf a c t .ev en u n i v e r s i t i e si nr u r a ls t a t e sw i t h at r a d i t i o no fag r i c u l t u r a l· a nd r u r a lcomm i tm en t .s e emp r eo c cup i edw i t ht h eu rb an and c o n f i n et h e i r r u r a lo r i e n t a t i o n e s s e n t i a l l yt ot h et e chno logyo ff a rmp rod u c t i o n , i nt h eapp a r en tn a iv eb e l i e ft h a tmo r e b u s h e l sp e ra c r ew i l lb r i n g t h em i l l en iwn . I ft h en e ed so fr u r a lAm e r i c aa r et ob es e r v e dby t h eU n i v e r s i t y , t h et o t a lu n i v e r s i t ymu s tb ei n v o l v e d f o rt h ee x p e r t i s eo ft h e e n t i r ei n s t i t u t i o ni sr eQu i r ed . Bu tt h el e a d e r s h i pmu s t com ef rom som ewh e r e-andwh e r e mo r e n a t u r a l l yt h a nt h o s ei na g r i c u l t u r e ,i f su chl e a d e r sc an r e c a p t u r et h ehwn a n is tic c h a r a c t e ro ft h e i rf o r e b e a r s . O t ; . .~ t . ~ ~~~ 1 �C . T o t a lS o ci e tytw i n t e d-b u t~ t ol a b e li nt h i sw ay , s i n c ea l li n t e r - ~ l sugg e s ttwoi s s u e so fb ro ad con c e rnt ot o t a : s o c i e t ywh i ch b e a rc e n t r a l l yon ou r fo cu sh e r e tod ay . 1 . Food Sunn l y : I nt h e?a s t-andc u r r e n t l y-foodf o rp eop l e l~~ s \ w i th ag r i c u l t u r e . Dep end ingon t h ep o s t u r ea g r i c u l t u r e t a k e si nr e spond ingt ofoodn e ed sc u r r e n tandf u t u r e ,t h i sm a y o r m ay ·no tb et r u ei nt h ey ea r s ah e ad . Ab i o c h em i s ta tC a lT e ch ha s ob s e rv ed : "W e h av et h et o o l sandt h et e chno logyt of e e dev e ryon e i nt h ewo r ld w i t h ou r pr e s e n tr e s o u r c e s . And y e t it h a s be en e st i ma t edt h a t80 pe r c e n to fth ewo r ld l ~ ", , 1 , . , . """ ,. . . . , . ...: ~ ." o 7 l " \ " " ' . , . . . ll" " ' ~" ~ .""Y'l . �) , # - "On eh e a r s anynumb e ro fexp l a n a t i o n sf o rth i si r o n i c s itua tion --on eo fth el a r ge ro b s ta c l e si sth es imp l e fa c tt h a tw es t i l lt h i n ko f foodi nt e rm so ft h e n i ne t e e n t hc e n t u r y . I J I / I "1 \ slo ng as w ep ers is ti nth ink ing o f foodi nt e rm s o fb u s h e l so f wh eat ,w ew i l ln ev e r have enou c ;h t o 130 a round . A s soon a sw el e a r nt oc o n s i d e r fooda s a conv eyo ro fe ss e n ti a l nu tr i en ts andl o o kf o rt h e ch cnp cst and UCG t w ayto I ~ t h e s enut r i ent s -w ew i l l f i n dw eh ave enough f o ra l l . " 2 . E n v i ronm e n t : I n"No t SoR i ch a s You Th ink "G eo rg eS t ew a r to b s e r v e s : "When so m ef u t u r eh i s t o r i an s its downt osumma rize w h a tt h e p res e n t gen era tion o fAme r i c an s ha s acco mpli s hed ,h i s c l i m ac t i c sent e n c ec o u l dre ad: 'O fth ew a t e r s ,t h e ym ad ea s p oo l; o ft h ea ir, a de p o s i to r yo fp o iso ns ,ando ft h e ces good e a r t hit s e l f ,a dum p .. . I " F rom t h eed i t o ri a li nth e D e c emb e r19 , 1969is s u eo fS c ience, w er e a d : " ... t u r n i n c; ~ l G rad u a t e sl o o s eon t h ewo r ld w i t h o u t sens i t i z i n gthemto t h el a r g e r ~ l p r o b lem so rto t h e se r i ou sf l aw si nm any na r r ow l yspec ia liz eds t r a t e g i e sf o r m ax im iz ingfood y ie l d s and p ro fits m u s t end ." Ag r i c u l t u r e ,f o rva r i o u s re a son s-som es e l f p r e c i p i t a t e d i si d e n t i f i e d as a v i l l a i ni nt h ewa ron p o l l u t i o n. . . . i r o n i c ,b u tt r u e . B u i l d i n g on h i s t o r i cb a s eo fb r i d g i n gf romt h ea c ad em i ct ot h er e a lw o r l d , f romt h efund am en t a lt oth ea p p l i e d ,m o b i l i z i n gt h eknow l edg er e s o u r c e s o ft h eu n i v e r s i t y andt h ee f f e c t i v e n e s so ft h eEx te n s i o n sy s t em , ~ ~ c u l t u r ec anb ei nt h ef o r e f r o n tin add re ss ing s o c i e t i e scon c e rnf o r env i ronm e n t a lqua l i t y ,i f w ew i ll . V I I . I nC lo si n g ,athough tf r om JohnG a rdn e r who i nh i s book "S e l fR en ew a l " o b s e r v es : "Wh eno rga n i z a t i o n s and s ~ s a re young ,t h e ya r ef l e x i b l e , f l u i d ,n o ty e tp a r a l y z e dby r i g i ds p e c i a l i z a t i o nandw i l l i n gt o ,t r ya n y t h i n g on c e . A sth eo r g a n iz a t iono rs o c i e t ye , c ;es, v ita l i t yd im i n i s h e s,f l e x i b i l i t yg i v es w ayto r i g i d i t y ,c r e a t i v i t yf ad e sand t h e re i sl o s so fc a p a c i t yt om e e t c h a l l e n g e sf r o m un exp e ct e dd ir e c t j o n s . " �A si n d i v i d u a l s ,a s ss~ s. a st n o s er e s p o n s i b l ef o ri n s t i t u t i o n s wn i ch s e r v et h i n g sf a rm . aG r i c u l t u r a l .r u r a l .w e mu s t r e d e d i c a t eo u r s e l v e st ot h econ t inu inGp r o c e s so fs andtomo r row .l e s t .b yt h ey e a r2 l~ r en ew a l .r e s p o n s i v e n e s st ot o d a y ," ~. . . . ac e n t u r yh en c e• • . • 6u ch i n s t i t u - t i o n sa s Co l l eG e so fA g r i c u l t u r eb e , ,j o i n i n gt h e r esu cho t h e rr e l i c so f~ l ~ '; t ot h es h e l v e so fh i s t o r y , " : ' , ' . a g r i c u l t u r a lp a s ta st h ew h i p p l e t ree .,::, , ' d r a f th o r s e s .t r i c y c l et r a c t o r s .w i n dm i l l s . DDT , P lymou th R o c kc h i c k e n s .' • • : . . . .' . andt h ed a i r yc ow . I!" , '!. ' ... . . . . . . . ' , . ,' , ", :. . :.. , ' ' I" .. , . . . . . . ~ " ,' . , . , 1 : . I , ':. ' 1 .,1 " " ' i l '. ". ' ,' I• ~ • ' " : .: " .; ~ . I . . " I.I . ,. . . '. ' . : , \' . . . l,. .' I ' ". I . ' " .'1 ,". , , ", ', :. . ' .. . '.,. . . . . .. •" ., I , ,.,': . .. . .... ., I '\ . .: j' : � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1971-01-29_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Role of Agriculture and Rural Development Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 29, 1971 at Purdue for the Department of Agricultural and Economic Sciences. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Michigan Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-01-29 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1fe2910f4479d8caf4e80d0e28e72d6a.pdf 42d48ca6a157ad47aed51e798d10c593 PDF Text Text "Outlook for Volunt ary Support of Improvement in Community Health Practices" Remarks by Dr. Russell G. Mawby, President, W. K. Kello[;g foundation at the Fifth Annual Conference on the Physician and the Hospital San Diego, California January 30, 1974 I I am delighted to be .!ith you this evening for the first session of your Fifth Annual Conference on the Physician and the Eospital. much the invitation extended by your program I appreciate ve~'y co~~ittee. I am impressed indeed with the cooperative sponsorship and planning fm' this professional meeting, truly an 8caclemic-practice partnersni;:> in addressing issues concerned ',lith health care delivery. I commend the leadership of the California Hospital Associa.tion, the California i·;edical Association, the California Regional Medical Programs, and the School of Medicine of tbe University of Southern California, for this very constructive and productive relationship. II Your conference focus on "Costs, Controls, Changes and Caveats" is certainly tirrely and significant. In reviewing the program, I am inpressed indeed with the topics which will be addressed by very able resource ~eople. My particQlar responsibility is to consider the outlook for private or voluntary support in improving community health services. I wish to consider "que.LLt.y" in its most comprehensive sense, LncLudd.ng such aspects as comprehensiveness, accessibility, and continuity, as well as considerations �o fs c i e n t i f i co rt e c h n i c a ls t a n d a r d s ,a p p r o p r iR t e n e s s ,a p dc o s t b e n e f i t r e l a t i o n s h i p s . You , i nt b eh e a l t hc a r ef i e l d ,wou ld a g r e et h a tn on a t i o n a lf o u n d a t i o n h a sb e enmo r e i d e n t i f i e dw i t h imp rov en en t si nh e a l t hc a r et h a nh a st h evT .K . K e l logg Found a t ion . Th i sr e f l e c t st h eb a s i c con c e r -n o fo u rf o u n d e r ,W . K . -K e l logg , fOT imp rov edh e a l t h . H r . K e l logg w a sa h e a l t hc a r ea dm i n i s t r a t o r f o rt h ef i r s tph a s eo fh i st r i p a r t i t ec a r e e r . H el e f tt h eh o s p i t a lf i e l da t ag e4 6 toe s t a b l i s ht h eb r e a k f a s tc e r e a lcomp any ,t h es u c c e s so fwh i ch t h e n l e dt ot h ee s t a b l i s hm e n to ft h i sf o u n d a t i o ni n1930 w h e nh ew a s7 0y e a r so f a g e , andt owh i ch h ep r o v i d e dp e r s o n a ll e a d e r s h i pu n t i lh i sd e a t ha tag e9 1 i n1951 . Th ev e r yf i r s ta c t i v i t i e so ft h eFound a t ion i nt h ed e c ad eo ft h e3 0 ' s , wh en i t sg eog r aph i cs cop ew a s l im i t e dt os ev enc o u n t i e si ns o u t h c e n t r a l M i ch ig an , w a sw i t ht h eimp rov em en to fh e a l t hs e r v i c e s . F r om t h a tmod e s t b e g i n n i n g ,t h eF o u n d a t i o n ' s invo lv em en ti nimp rov edh e a l t hs e r v i c eand p r o f e s s i o n a le d u c a t i o nn owen comp a s s e st h eW e s t e rn H em i sph e r e , f romC a .nad a t o~ L a t i n Am e r i c a ,p l u sA u s t r a l i a . Thu s ,f o rmo r et h a nf o u rd e c a d e s , ou rf o u n d a t i o nh a sb e en en cou r ag ingand s u p p o r t i n g p i o n e e r i n ge f f o r t sf o r imp rov ingh e a l t hc a r e . I ti sim p o s s i b l et ob r i e f l ysumm a r i z ei na n ad equ a t ew a yt h ev a r i e d p r o j e c t st owh i ch w ea r el e n d i n gs u p p o r t ,b u t ab r i e fl i s t i n gw i l lg i v eyou som ef e e lf o rt h ec e n t r a lcon c e rn imp rov edh e a l t hc a r ef o rpeople ic~ r e f l e c t st h eb a s i cp h i l o s o p h yo fou rf o u n d a t i o n ," f o rt h ea p p l i c a t i o no f know l edg et ot h ep rob l em so fp e o p l e . " As amp l ingo fc u r r e n tp r o j e c t swou ld i n c l u d e -I n n o v a t i o n si nt h ee d u c a t i o n a lc u r r i c u l ao rp a t t e r n sf o rp r e p a r i n g h e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n a l s , 2 �" -Sh a r ed s e r v i c e sam o n gh e a l t hc a r ei n s t i t u t i o n s , I n n o v a t i v esy s t em sf o rp r o v i d i n gb e t t e rh e a l t hc a r ei ns p a r s e l y s e t t l e dr u r a la r e a sa sw e l la si nm e t r o p o l i t a na r e a sand c e n t e r c i t y , Imp rov edm an ag em en t andam r r i n i s t r a t i o ni nh e a l t hc a r es e r v i c e s , - Imp rov edambu l a to l nd em e rg en cy c a r e , J a -T h eQ u a l i t yA s su ran c eP rog r am (QAP )u nd e rt h es p o n s o r s h i po ft h e Am e r i c an Hos p i t a lA s s o c i a t i o n , -P r i v a t eI n i t i a t i v ei nP r o f e s s i o n a lS t a n d a r d sR ev i ew (PSRO ) , ,f i n a l l y ,exp and edp r o g r am si nb i om e d i c a le n g i n e e r i n g ,i n c l u d i u g - and ay e t t o b e a n n o u n c e dg r a n to f$676 ,100 o v e rt h r e ey e a r st ot h e H o s p i t a l Edu c at i o n a lFound a t ion o fSou th e rn C a l i f o r n i a . Th i sg r a n t w i l la i di nt h ee s t a b l i s hm e n tand o p e r a t i o no fa b i om e d i c a le n g i n e e r i n g s h a r e ds e r v i c en e two rk i n v o l v i n gh o s p i t a l st h r o u g h o u tSou th e rn C a l i f o r n i a ,v i it hp a r t i c i p a t i o no ft h eUniv e r s i t yo fSou th e rn C a l i f o r n i a ando t h e re d u c a t i o ni n s t i t u t i o n s . I shou lde x p l a i nt h a tou rf o u n d a t i o ni sa g r an t -m ak ing p h i l a n t h r o p i c o r g a n i z a t i o n ,t h a tvTe d on o ti n i t i a t eand o p e r a t ep rog r am so fO l IT ow n . We s e eou rr o l ea sr e s p o n d i n g ,t ot h ee x t e n to u rr e s o u r c e sp e r m i t , t ot h e p r i o r i t i e sandw e l l l a i dp l a n so fr e s p o n s i b l eo r g a n i z a t i o n s and i n s t i t u t i o n s i nou rf i e l d so fi n t e r e s t . Thu s ,e a cho fou rg r a n t si st oa c~i ie p r o - f e s s i o n a li n s t i t u t i o no rag en cy ,w i t hh i g h l y comp e t en tl e a d e r s h i p ,wh i ch h a s i d e n t i f i e da p rob l em ,d e s ign ed a c r e a t i v er e s p o n s e ,and s e ek sh e l pi n e x p e r im e n t a l l ymov ing t h 8p l a ni n t oa c t i o n . Ev en t h o u g ho u rg r a n t sr e f l e c tsu chcon c e rn sf rom ,i nt h i si n s t a n c e , t h eh e a l t hc a r ef i e l d ,t h e ya r eno ta lw ay sr e c e i v e dw i t h un an imou sa c c l a im . Fo r ex amp l e , ou rs u p p o r tt ot h ep r o j e c t , "P r i .v a t . eI n i t i a t i v ei nPSRC J " re c e iv ed 3 �. · t h ef o l l ow i n gr e s p o n s ef roma p h y s i c i a nw h oi st h es e c r e t a r yo fa r e g i o n a l c o u n c i lo fm ed ica l s t a f f s . T o quo t e ) " Ih av ec a r e f u l l yper u s e dyou r 'P r i v a t eI n i t i a t i v ei nPSRO 'w i t hu t t e r d i s b e l i e ft h a ta p r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o nl i k eyou r s wou ld b e com ep a r to fa S o c i5 . l i s t i cs ch em eby a ni n e p tl i b e r a Jb u r e a u c r a c y ,w i t hg o a l so f e conom i cl im i t a t i o no nd e s e r v i n gp a t i e n t sand t h e i rc a r e . " He: c o n t i n u e s ) "You rp r o j e c t spon so r sd on o tr e p r e s e n tt h e~ o ity o p i n i o no ft ~ r a n k o ft h e i rm emb e r sh ip. . . . W h e r ed o you a s sum eah e a l t hc a r ecr i s i s ? I wo rk w i t hp a t i e n t sd a i l yandk n ow o fn oc r i s i s . " H e con c Lud es, " Iamt h e f i r s tt oadm i tt h a tt h e r ei sr o omf o rimp rov em en ti nm e d i c a lc a r eand d e l i v e r ya st h e r ei sp r o b a b l yi nyou ro r g a n i z a t i o n ,b u tw h ob e s tc an m ak e and d e l i n e a t et h e s ech ang e s ? S u r e l yn o t gov e rnm en ta t t o r n e y sand b u r e a u c r a t sw i t hn o know l edg eo ft h eev e ryd ayp rOb l em so fp a t i e n t sand t h e i rh e a l t h . " Wh i l e we v e r ym u c hr e g r e th i sm i s u n d e r s t a n d i n go ft h ep r o je c tt owh i ch w ea r el e n d i n gs u p p o r tanda r ed i sm ay edby a numb e ro fun found ed aE s e r t i o n s i nt h ecomp l e t et e x t )w e , i nf a c t )a g r e ew i t hm a n yo fh i sb a s i cc o n c e r n s . I t w a s ou rc o n v i c t i o n )i nc omm o nw i t hh i s ,t h a tl e a d e r s h i pi np r o f e s s i o n a l s t a n d a r d sr ev i ew sshou ldc om ef romt h ep ro f ' e e si . o n a .Lf i e l dt h a tl e du st os u p p o r t o fp r i v a t ei n i t i a t i v ei nt h i sa r e a ) hop ing t h a tr e s p o n s i b l ea c t i o nbyt h ef i e l d m igh t i n f l u e n c et h eu l t im a t ep a t t e r nwh i ch s o c i e t ys e em s comm i t t edt oe s t a b l i s h . Ou rr a t i o n a l et e n d st or u nmo r e c l o s e l yw i t ht h a te x p r e s s e dby t h e P r e s i d e n to ft h eM i ch ig an S t a t eM ed i c a l S o c i e t yi nt h eS o c i e t y ' sJ o u r n a lf o r J a n u a r y . T o quo t ef romD r . B rook e r sL .M a s t e r s ) " I ,t o o ,amv e r yw o r r i e d abou tt h eim p l i c a t i o n so ft h i sn ewl aw(PSRO ) o ft h el a n d . Bu ti t s ay st om et h a tt h ep eop l ea r ed em and ing t h a tw e 4 �•i upg r ad e p2 e rr e v i ewt om e e tt o d a y ' sl e v e lo fm ed i c a l e x p e r t i s e ,n o tw i th o l d f a s h i o n e di d e a sb u tv it hb r and -n ew c ompu t e r t e chno logyt .h a tw i l l b r i n gt h eb e s tq u a l i t ym ed i c a l c a r et oa l lp a t i e n t s . And , d o n ' tf o r g e t , t h a ta tt h em om e n t PSRO s t a t e st h a tw ea r et od ot h ep e e rr e v i ew ,no on e e l s e . We mu s tn o tf l u bt h i sd i r e c t i v e ,f o ri f w e do ,t h e r ew i l lb eo t h e r s who w i l ls e tt h es t a n d a r dandmon i to r ou rp r a c t i c e . (S om e h owt h i sf a c t a l o n en e g a t e st h ea rgum en t so ft h o s ew h o wou ld h av eu sr e s i g nf romPSRO . Wh e r e do e st h a tl e a v eu s , ex c ep ti na b l i n da l l e yw i t hn or o om f o r m an euv e r ? ) " Th e r es e em sa l s oa d ang e ri nPSRO t h a tt h ep r e o c c u p a t i o nw i l lb eo nc o s t c o n t a i nm e n t . As p e c i a lemph a s i si nt h ep r i v a t ei n i t i a t i v e sw ea r es u p p o r t i n g i sw i t hq u a l i t y ,t om in im i z e t h eh a z a r do fl o o k i n ga tc o s tw i t h o u tc o n s i d e r i n g q u a l i t a t i v ea s p e c t sa sw e l l . I I I I nt h ed i f f i c u l tp r o c e s so fe s t a b l i s h i n gp r i o r i t i e sf e rou rp rog r a f f i f f i ing , ou ra t t em p ti st oi d e n t i f yandd e f i n es i g n i f i c a n tp rob l em s wh i ch c anb e a d d r e s s e d . J u s ta st h e r ei sm u c h i nt h et o t a lAm e r i c an s c en eabou twh i ch o ~ c anb ee i t h e rp roud o rc r i t i c a l ,s o ,t o o ,i st h e r ed i v e r s i t yo fev id en c ea s on ev i e \ r st h eh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r ys c en ei nou rc o u n t r y . F i r s t ,t h e r ei s mu ch abou twh i ch w ec anh av ea d e ep s en s eo fs a t i s f a c t i o nandp r i d e . Th e r e i sno n e ed t od ev e lop fU l l yo re l a b o r a t ef o rsu cha syou t h eg r e a ts t r e n g t h s o fo u rh e a l t hc a r esy s t em ,b u t a do cum en t a t ionwou ld i n c l u d esu cha st h er i c h n e s so fp h y s i c a lr e s o u r c e s b u i l d i n g s ,equ ipm en t , andm a t e r i a lw h e r ew i t h a l d e d i c a t e dt oh e a l t hc a r e ;t h em a rv e l so fmod e rn h e a l t ht e c h n o l o g y ;t h ed i v e r s i t y andabund an c eo fp r o f e s s i o n a landp a r a p r o f e s s i o n a lm anpow e r i nt h eh e a l t hf i e l d ; 5 �•J andt h eg rowings e n s i t i v i t yo fou rs o c i e t yt ot h eh e a l t hn e ed so fa l l ,w i t h su chg row ing c om m i tm en ta p r e r e q u i s i t eto a nu l t im a t er e a r r a n g em en to f p r i o r i t i e sa n dr e a l l o ca t i o no fr e s o u r c e s . A t t h es am et im e ,t h o u gh tf u lan dr e s p o n s i b l el e a d e r si nt h ehea l t hf i e l d ~e con c e rn edw i t hd e f i c i e n c i e s and i n a d e q u a c i e s . T oa s u b s t a n t i a le x t e n t , t h e s ea r esumm a r i z edi nt b ei s su e st owh i ch a t t e n t i o ni sd i r e c t e di nt h i s c o n f e r e n c e : q u a l i t y , co n t i n u i t yan dc omp r eh en s iv en e s so fca r e ;d e l i v e r y sy s t em s ;f i nanc i n g ; co mmlm it yfo cu s; an d op e r a t i o n a le f f e c t i v e n e s s . I nt h ep l u r a l i st i ct r a d i t i o no fou r Am e r i c an s o c i e t y ,t h ep a r t i c u l a rr o l e o fp r i v a t ep h i l a n t h r o p yto s o c i e t a lp rog r e s si st h een cou r ag em e n to fim lov a t i o n . v i~e p h i l a n t h r o p i c re s o u r c e sa r ea lm o s tm i n i s c u l ei nr e l a t i o nt ot o t a le x p e n d i - t u r e so ft h eAm e r i ca n pU b l i cf o rh ea l t h ,p h i l a n t h r o p i cf lmd sr e p r e s e n tt h er i s k c a p i t a lwh i ch h a sb ee nr e s p o n s i b l ef o rm a n yi n n o v a t i o n si nh e a l t ht e c h n o l o g y , e d l l c a t i o n , and d e l i ve r y . Wh i l e t h eo p e r a t i n gb u d g e t so fm a n yo ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n s wh i ch you r e p r e s e n ta r el a r g e rt h a nt h ebudg e to ft h eK e l logg Foundat i o n ,ou r fund sa r ee s s e n t i a l l y"u n r e s t r i c t e d "wh e r e a st h et y p i c a li n s t i t u t i o n a lbudg e t i sp r e c omm i t t e d ,w i t h littlef l ex i b i l i t yo ro p t i o nf o rc r e a t i v eandun c e rta i n u n d e r t a k i n g s . Obv iou s ly ,b e c au s et h e r ei sg re a td i v e r s i t yi nt h ep u r p o s e s ,p h i l o s o p h ie s , and p r o c e d u r e so ft h ef o u n d a t i o n so ft h i sc o u n t r y ,Ic anno t sp e akf o ra l l . I t i sa s a f eg e n e r a l i z a t i o n , how ev e r ,t h a tp r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n sa r econ c e rn edt h a t t h e i rl im i t e dr e s o u r c e sb ed i r e c t edn o tt og e n e r a lo p e r a t i o n a lpu rpo s e so rt o "mo r eo ft h es am e "b u tr a t h e rt os i g n i f i c a n tp i o n e e r i n gv e n t u r e s . Fo r wh a t ev e ru s e f u l n e s si t m a yb et oyou i nc o n s i d e r i n gp o s s i b l ep r i v a t e o rf o u n d a t i o nsu ppo r tf o ri mp rov ing p r a c t i c e s , Iwou ld s h a r et h ef o l l ow i ng o b s e r v a t i o n sf romou re x p e r i e n c e . 6 �A sw e su rv eyi nb r o a dt e rm st h ep r o p o s a l s com ing t ou s f r om cO ITDun i t i e s , i n s t i t u t i o n s ,o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,c o l l e g e sandu n i v e r s i t i e sw i t hl o c a l ,a r e ao r n a t i o n a lc o n c e r n s i nr e l a t i o nt oh e a l t hc a r ed eL i .v e r -y, I wou ld m a k e t h ef o l low ingp o i n t s : 1 . G e n e r a l l y ,p ropo s edu n d e r t a k i n g sa r en o ti m a g i n a t i v e enough ,b e i n g mo s t o f t e nd em o n s t r a t i o n so fmo r e o ft h es am e ,w i t hm ino r andv e r y o f t e ns u p e r f i c i a li n n o v a t i o n si nfo rm ,s t y l e ,o rm e thod . Th ey t e n d t ofo cu sa tt h em a rg in s o fch ang er a t h e rt h a na tt h ec e n t r a li s s u e s . 2 . V e ry o f t e np r o p o s a l sr e p r e s e n tp i e c em e a l and f r agm en t ede ~o t i n a d e q u a t et os o l v i n gt h ep rob l em . Som e t im e st h i sf r a gm e n t a t i o ni s r e l a t e dt oi n s t i t u t i o n a ls t r u c t u r e ,i no t h e ri n s t a n c e st o ~ o p r o f e s s i o n a li n t e r e s t so r ana p p a r e n tf a i l u r et or e c o g n i z et h e who l en e s so ft h ep a t i e n tandh i sh e a l t hc o n c e r n s . ~o ane x t e n t ,ou r con c e rn si nh e a l t hc a r ei nt h i sc o u n t r ya r ea con s equ en c eo ff r a g m e n t a t i o no fe f f o r tand a ne r o s i o no fcon c e rnf o rt h ep a t i e n t . E f f o r t s t or e d r e s st h es i t u a t i o nmu s tb ed r am a t i c a l l yd i f f e r e n tf romt h es t a t u s quo , and o f t e nr e q u i r ecomm i tm en t and a c t i o nbymo r et h a non ei n s t i t u t i o no rp r o f e s s i o n a lg roup . 3 . V e ry o f t e np ropo s ed a c t i v i t i e sr e f l e c t ,r a t h e rt h a na p r im a ry fo cu s upon t h eh e a l t hp rob l em so fp e o p l e ,ap r e o c c u p a t i o nw i t hp r o f e s s i o n a l i n t e r e s t so ri n s t i t u t i o n a ln e ed s ando b j e c t i v e s . Wh i l e i t wou ld s e ema p p r o p r i a t eandl o g i c a lt h a ton ec o u l de x p e c tt h eh e a l t hc a r e sy s t emt ob ed e s i g n e d ando p e r a t e dt ot h eb e s ti n t e r e s t so ft h e u l t im a t eb e n e f i c i a r y ,t h ep a t i e n t s ,t h emo r e on el e a r n st h emo r e on eb e com e ss u s p i c i o u st h a tt h i si sn o ti nf a c tt h ec a s e . T od a t e , t h eAm e r i c an pUb l i ch a sv e s t e dc o n f i d e n c eandr e s p o n s i b i l i t yf o r hea lthc a r ei nh e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n a l s . J u s ta spUb l i cc o n f i d e n c ei n 7 �h i8 he re ducat i o nh as sot o oi spUb l i cc on f i d e n c ei nou r lte e ~ hea l t hca re sy stem be comingl e s sce rta in andmor eC lue s t i o n i n g . H op e f 'u . l .L y,you andyou rp rof ' ess i . o n a .L c o l l e a .gu e si no t h e rh e a l t h d i s c i p l i nes w i l lm ee t th i ss i t u a t i o nwi t hr e s p o n s i b l ean dc on s t r u c t i v ea c t i o nra t h e r th a nu l t im a t e l yre s p ond ingle s s sa ti s fa c t o ril y t ovar i e d( ;rises a ndp r e s s u r e s . IV I ncons i d e r i n gi n n o v a t i o n s n ewi e ~ et o ~ d e v i c e s ,s y s t em s i n h e a l t hc a r e ,I f i n di t u s e f u lt oapp ro a cht h ef u t u r ew i t h ab i f o c a lp e r s p e c t i v e , f o c u s i n gb ot hup on t h ei n d i v i d u a la nd upon t h ea gg re g a t es o c i e t y . e t i ly~ as i g n i f i c a n tc h a r a ct e r i s t i co fmod e rn l i f ei st h ef a c tt h a ts o c i e t yi s i n c r e a s i n g l ydom in atedby l a r g e , comp l ex o r g a n i z a t i o n s . N ev e rh av et h ev~ o fJohnD o n n e bee n m o re t r u e : "N om a ni sa ni l ~ ' e n t i r eo fi t s e l f . "I n mod e rn Ame r i c aev e r ype r s on i s8. memb e ro fa n d / o rha sh i sl i f e sh ap ed , i l e ce ~ and c o n t r o l l e dby comp lexo r g a n i z a t i o n s . Con cu r r en tw i t h l a r g en es sand comp l ex i tyi ns o c i e t a ls t r u c t u r ei st h ee l em en to f d e p e r s o n a l iz a t i o n . S i n c ep h y s i ca landm en t a lh ea l t hi ss op e r s o n a la tte ~ i t i sim p e r a t i v e t h a tt h ei n d i v i d u a lr em a inim p o r t a n tandp r im a r y . I ti st o oe a s y ,i nt h e i n t r i c a c i e sandma c h i n a t i o n so fi n c r e a s i n g l ys o p h i s t i c a t e dh e a l t h y te ~ t ol o s et h ep r im a l con c e rnf o rt h eu l t im a t eb e n e f i c i a r y t h ei n d i v i d u a l p a t i e n t . M u c ho ft h epe r s o n a lf r u s t r a t i o no ft h ei n d i v i d u a lc o p i n gw i t ht h e h e a l t hd e l i v e r ys y st emandm uch o ft h ec r i t i c i smby e n l i g h t e n e do bs e r v e r s r e l a t e st ot h i sim p e r s o n a l iz a t i o n . Common s e n s es u g g e s t st h a tt h es p o t l ig h t i nh e a l t hc a r ede l i v e r ym us tbe upon t h ei n d i v i d u a lp a t i e n t . T ot h ee x t e n t a l IT i n s t i t u t i on s and p r o f e s s i o n s hav ev e e r e df romt h i sc o u r s e a n ai t w ou l d 8 �appear that the deviation is great indeed--corrective measuxes must be taken. Your profession simply cannot focus on beds, technology, practice, and forms as ends in themselves. The second dimension relates to total society. The evidence is clear tha.t certain Americans, by reason of geography, income, social considerations, have less than adequate health care. This too is a reality requiring change. To comment on innovations for the future, it's necessary to refer back to the problems which concern us--issues such as access and availability of care, continuity and comprehensiveness of care, proQuctivity of various elements of the system, cost and financing, quality. With these central issues in mind, from our vantage point we see such promising opportunities as the following: 1. Reorganization of institutional ambulatory health services away from an endless series of specialty-oriented clinics to a more comprehensive family-centered health service unit utiliZing such qualified personnel as nurse practitioners and physicians assistants for health maintenance functions, preventive health programs, and long-term supervision of chronic conditions. In this regard, perhaps thought should be given to the implementation of the concept of vertical care, with an ambitious implementation of the principles of preventive medicine and provision of quality health care in the least-cost manner and circumstance. 2. Development of institution-based outreach programs, such as home care, primary care clinics in under-served areas, and appropriate linkages or relationships with other care providers, such as nursing homes. 9 �3 . Expe r ime n t a t i o nr e g a r d i n gt h eh o s p i t a lr o l ei nt h ep r o v i s i o no f p r im a ry c a r e ,t h ecompon en to fcomp r eh en s iv ec a r ep e rh ap sl e a s t -w e l l s e r v e dc u r r e n t l y . T h e~ lic i ns e a r c hf o rsu chc a r e ,h a st u r n e d t ot h ecommun i ty h o s p i t a l ,v i at h eem e rg en cyroom . Bu tt h een e rg en cy r o omi sn o tt h ep r o p e rs e t t i n gf o rq u a l i t yp r im a ry c a r e ,f o rem e r -g en cy a r et e n d st ob ee p i s o d i candv e r ye x p e n s i v e . B e t t e r an sw e r s r o omc a r ea v a i l a b l e ,a r eb e i n gd emon s t r a t ed i ns om ei s o l a t e di n s t a n c e s , andshou ldb emo r ec h a r a c t e r i s t i co ft h ed e l i v e r y sy s t em . . 4 . Deve lopm en t o fr a t i o n a lp a t t e r n sf o rh a n d l i n gt r u eem e rg en cym e d i c a l p rob l em s ,w i t ht h ed i v i s i o no fl a b e ramong s ti n s t i t u t i o n sa long r a t i o n a ll i n e sandw i t ha ni n t e g r a t e dt r a n s p o r t a t i o nand co ~ ic t i o n ssy s t em . 5 . Deve lopm en to fe f f e c t i v ep o~ o fi n p a t i e n te d u c a t i o nf o ri l l n e s s m an ag em en t , w i t h an imp rov em en to ft h ep a t i e n tIsu n d e r s t a n d i n go f h i sp rob l em and ~ e p r o c e d u r e st h a tw i l lb ep e r fo rm ed , and v~t an emph a s i supon t h ep a t i e n t ' sa p p r o p r i a t er e s p o n s i b i l i t yf o rh i s i n d i v i d u a lr e h a b i l i t a t i o nand c o n t i n u i n gh e a l t hm a in t en an c e . 6 . Fu r t h e rd ev e lopm en t and s y s t em i z a t i o no ft h er e l a t i o n s h i po f' e d u c a t i o nand s e r v i c ei nt h eh e a l t hf i e l d s . N o t o n l ymu s t t h e r e b ed r am a t i c ch ang e si nt h ee d u c a t i o n a lp r o c e s s e s andr e l a t i o n s h i p s bywh i ch p eop l eb e com eq u a l i f i e dandp r e p a r e df o rh e a l t hc a r e e r s ; t h e r emu s t a l s ob e imp rov em en ti nr e l a t i o n s h i p sb e tw e en e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n sandh e a l t hs e r v i .cei n s t i t u t i o n sand s e t t i n g s . S om ehow w e mu s tb r i n gt or e a l i t yt h emu ch -d i s cu s s ed con c ep to fa h e a l t h d e l i v e r yn e two rk a si t r e l a t e st ob o t he d u c a t i o nandh e a l t hc a r e d e l i v e r y . S t a r t i n gw i t ht h eh e a l t hn e ed so ft h ei n d i v i d u a l ,t h i s 10 �mu s t c o n s i d e rt h et o t a l i t yendm u l t i p l i c i t yo f compon en t si nt h e d e l i v e r ys y s t e u : t h ei n d i v i d u a lp r i v a t ep r a c t i t i o n e r ,t h el o c a l c l i n i co rs e r v i c ec e n t e r ,pUb l i ch e a l t ha g e n c i e s ,t h es p e c i a l i z e d c l i n i c ,t h ecommun i tyh o s p i t a l ,t h el a r g em e t r o p o l i t a nh e a l t hc e n t e r , and t h eg r e a tt e a c h i n gandr e s e a r c hc e n t e r s . E a ch i sa v i t a l e l em e n t b u tf a i l u r e si nc o o r d i n a t i o n ,c o n t i n u i t y ,c om p l · e h e n s i v e n e s s , c om p a . s s i o n ,t o oo f t e nl e a v ethei n d i v i d u a lcon fu s edand in ad equ a t e l y a t t e n d e d . 1 . Enhancemen to fp r e s e r v i c eand i n s e r v i c ee d u c a t i o ni nt h eh o s p i t a l s e t t i n gf o rh e a l t hp e r s o n n e l . Th i ss e t t i n gi sn o to n l ya p p r o p r i a t e b u te s s e n t i a lf o rc e r t a i na s p e c t so fe d u c a t i o nandt r a i n i n g . H o s p i t a l sa r eb e com ing mo r e con s c iou so ft h e i re d u c a t i o n a lr o l eand i nm a n y i n s t a n c e sa r eb e g i n n i n gt oe s t a b l i s hi n s t i t u t i o n -w i d ee d u c a t f o n andt r a i n i n gp rog r am s . Su ch p rog r a l l l s en co l lp a s s emp loy e eo r i e n t a t i o n , o n t h e j o bt r a i n i n g ,s u p e r v i s o r y evelop~e t c a r e e rm o b i l i t y , c l i n i c a li n s t r u c t i o n ,i n s e r v i c ee d u c a t i o n ,p a t i e n te d u c a t i o n , and commun i ty e d u c a t i o n . 8 . E l a b o r a t i o no ft h er o l eo ft h et r u s t e ei nt h eh e a l t hc a r esy s t em . T h ei n s t i t u t i o n a lb o a r do ft r u s t e e s ,i f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e ,w e l lq u a l i f i e d , andw e l l in fo rm ed ,i sa ne s s e n t i a le l em en ti nr e s p o n s i v ei n s t i t u t i o n a l a dm i n i s t r a t i o n . T r u s t e e sc an a s s i s ti nk e ep ing t h eend e avo ro r i e n t e d t ot h eu l t im a t epu rpo s e so ft h ei n s t i t u t i o n ,abov et h emo r ev e s t e d i n t e r e s t so ft h ei n s t i t u t i o ni t s e l f ,i t sp r o f e s s i o n a lcompon en t s , and i t sp e r s o n n e l . On ec o u l dg oo nv i r t u a l l yad i n f i n i t umw i t hi n n o v a t i v eo p t i o n s . I ~ l s t r e s sou rb a s i cp h i l o s o p h y , how ev e r ,t h a tt h ean sw e r st oimp rov edh e a l t hc a r e 11 �d e l i v e r y~ t c om ef romt h ef i e l d t h a tm e an s you andyou rc o l l e a g u e si n s e r v i c e3 nd e d u c a t i o n . We a rE .n a i v ei f w e exp e c tr e a ls o l u t i o n st oi n d i v i d u a l and commun i ty n e ed st oc om ef romfund ingc e n t e r s ,wh e th e rt h e yb ei n W a sh i l l [ ' ; ton , D .C . ,N e l l Yo rk , o rB a t t l eC r e ek . P r i v a t ef o u n d a t i o n s ,a s on e s o u r c eo fv e n t u r ec a p i t a lf o ryou re f f o r t s ,a l oe s e n s i t i v et ot h e s ep rob l em s and o p p o r t u n i t i e sa n d .l v i l lc o n t i n u et ob er e c e p t i v et oyou ri d e a sandp l a n s . v I nc l o s i n gt h e n ,m yc h a l l e n g ei st oyou ,a sp r o f e s s i o n a l si nh e a l t hc a r e , t ob ei n n o vB t i v e ,r e s p o n s i v e ,r e s p o n s i b l e . I n c r e a s i n g l y ,h e a l t hc a r ei n s t i t u t i o n s · · i n d i v i d u a l l yand i nc o a l i t i o n -m u s tt a k el e a d e r s h i pand sp e ak f o rt h ep e o p l e ' sh e a l t hn e ed si nt h el a r g e rs e n s e . Th ey c anno tv i ew th em s e l v e ss imp lya sp l a c e swh e r ea o c t o r sp r a c t i c ew i t ht h el a t e s tequ ipm en t and t e c h n o l o g yo nt h a tsm a l lf r a c t i o no fi l l n e s swh i ch U l t im a t e l y mu s tb ed e a l t w i t h on p a t i e n t si na h o r i z o n t a lp o s i t i o n . I n s t i t u t i o n a lp r o v i d e r so fh e a l t h s e rv i c e s commun i tyh o s p i t a l sw i t ht h e i rm ed i c a ls t a f f s ,o t h e rh e a l t hp r o f e s s i o n a l s ,a dw i n i s t r a t i v ep e r s o n n e l ,t . ru s te es c -h av et h et a l e n t ,p r e s t i g e~ and p o s i t i o nt oa n a l y z eand p l a nf o rt h et o t a lh e a l t hn e ed so ft h e i rcommun i t i e s andt ob r i n gt h e i rv e r yg r e a tpow e r and i n f l u e n c et ob e a ro ns e e k i n gand imp l em en t ings o l u t i o n st osho r t com ing sandg ap si nh e a l t hc a r ed e l i v e r y . Th i sa syou k n owm e an sm u c h mo r e t h a ns imp lyadd ingmo r eb ed so rmo r e p e r s o n n e l ; i t requ f . re st h el a r g e rv i ew ,r e c o g n i z i n gt h en a t u r eo fh um a nh e a L t . hn e ed s and b o t hr e a l i g n i n ge x i s t i n gr e s o u r c e sandg e n e r a t i n gn ew r e s o u r c e sand sy s t em s t os e r v e . O b v i o u s l y , ap r i n c i p a lpu rpo s eo ft h i sco e ~ ce i st ob r i n gp h y s i c i a n s andh o s p i t a l sc l o s e rt o g e t h e rt od i s c u s sm a t t e r so fc omm o n con c e rn . Th i si s : i2 �a l lt ot h egood and I c omm e n dyou . T o oo f t e nt h ev a r i o u sp a r t so fou r he a l t h sy s t emh av ei n t e r r e l a t e dw i t hf r i c t i o nr a t h e rt h a nf u s i o n . Wo rk ing to et e ~ t h e r ei sind e edm u c ht h a tt h ep h y s i c i a nandt h eh os p i t a lc and of o rt h e b e t t e rm e n to ft h i sc o u n t r y ' she a l t hs e r v i c e s . A s you p ro c e ed i nt h ei n i t i a t i o n o fn ev p a t t e r n sand fo rm s~ s o c i e t y ' sr e s p o n s ew i l lb ee n t h u s i a s t i c :andt h e r e " r i l ls u r e L yb e exp and edp r i v a t evo lun t a ry s u p p o r tt of a c i l i t a t eyou re f f o r t s . B e s tw i sh e sf o ra p r o d u c t i v ec o n f e r e n c e . 13 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1974-01-30_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Outlook for Voluntary Support of Improvement in Community Health Practices Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 30, 1974 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the Fifth Annual Conference on the Physician and the Hospital. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan Charities W. K. Kellogg Foundation Speeches, addresses, etc. Health Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-01-30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1e293c6631fd0eea9772374178efda13.pdf d9aea0aa1516a89581a3464f0c8c262c PDF Text Text AGRICULTURE IN THE "LIBERAL ARTS "Building on Success" Remarks by Russell G. Mawby Universi ty of F l ori da Janu a ry 1984 1. Th e W. K. th i s Ke ll ogg Foundation has the privil ege of being a co-sponsor of c on f erence. On b eh a l f of t h e Founda tion I ,,,ish to express our a p pr ec i a - t i on to t h os e who hav e been directly involved an or ganiz ing th is ga ther i n g. First, our th anks to the Univer s i t y of Florida: President Mar ston, Vice P res id e n t Te fer t il l e r , Dean Sidman, Dr • .Ha yn e s , and all t h e rest. t h r oughout the a rr an ge me n t s , we l l University have b e en and cer t ainly t heir and h av e done all that involved an the pr e-planning hospitality is superb. ca n b e done to i n s ur e the Peopl e from and th e They h ave prepared success o f our time t oge th er , Further, liber a l I e xpress appreciati on to t he representatives of t h e t en pr i v ate art s colle ges who h av e been involved in preparation for this meeting. �- 2They wi l l b e s h ar i n g their experiences as pioneers an incorporating a con ce r n for fo o d/ a gr i cu l t ur e/ na t ur a l resources an the l i b er a l ar ts curriculum . I marvel at t h e pro gram wh i ch has been prepared for range of t o pi c s and wi t h s uperb resource people . the v ar i ou s me e t i n g tion," " P robl ems Gr owt h an ti t l e s -- "Food Turfs and of and v ar i ous sett in gs are equa ll y i nt e r e s ting - - and an amaz an g in t ri guing to cons ider Fop~lation ISBu~3 Relationships," Under stand ing and I nv o l v eme n t." I t is us, with an Poli 'cy Educa- "Dr i p-Trr i ga ring The exper iences Fa cu l Ly to be provided an for e xamp l e , a fi e l d t rip addre ss- an g the ques t i on, ''What c a n a sharp drop rn temperature do t o a f a r m family, a r ural conunun i t y , t h e pr ice of orange jui ce or salad m Bos ton?" I wo u l d express appreciati on also to you who have come representing pri- va te 1 i b er al ar ts and land-gran t of ba ck gr ound, al l hav e s i t y, I seldom, Wn ile there 1.S great divers i ty i nterest, e xper aen ce , and current r e s pons i b il i t y , of us sh ar e a common interes t orga nized. I professional ins t i tu t i ons , an the n o t ion ar oun d which this meeting 1.S am awed at t h e ri ch ness of t a l e n t represented by t he conferees. perha ps never, been t.n a meeting of this specializati ons ranging from the classics and professional divera n imal sciences to �-3-' phil o s ophy and biochemis t r y. I h o pe t h at each ourse l v es of t h e opportunity this r epresents. den c y for u s t o c ongrega t e culturist, I am e x c i t e d of us wi ll deliberatly avail There seems always to be a ten- an o ur s pecialized in teres t ar eas, but as a hor ti- at the prospect of having l un ch with a histor ian, d i n ner wi t h a ph il osopher, breakfast wi th an anthropologist, and r i d i n g on t he b u s wi t h a ge o grapher. So as c o - s pon s or expr e s s ple a san t our of t h is conference, on b eh a l f of t h e Founda tion, I would a p pr e c i a t i on form a nd e xpr e s s to those eq ua l who h av e brought us togeth er an s u ch appr eciation to y ou who ar e here to parti ci- pate in the importan t purpo s es of th i s meeting. II. Our spe ak ers this mor n an g hav e addres s ed eloquently t he theme whi ch brings us toge t h e r . I h av e been asked to comment on the ques tion " Wh y is th e W. Kellogg Founda tion i nvolved an a meeting such as this?" thou gh ts br i efly, to in t e r e s t r.n t h i s topi c. put t.n perspec tiv e the I will shar e a Foundation's v iew po i n t K. few a nd �-4I ar e am sur e all of us wou l d agree that an the ultimate sens e, only people i mpor t an t. s h a pe d by The peopl e. r e ferr ing to o ppor tun i t y i n s titu ti ons So people, of when I a meeting we creat e speak number o f of to serve so ciety's purposes t h e Kell ogg Foundation, I am really whom are here and whom you will hav e per sonally if you wi s h : Dr. Robert C. are Kramer the and Dr. Gary W. King, P r o gr am Dir e c tors wi th a particu lar concern fo r agri culture; Mr. Robert E. Hencey, Di rec t or of Communica tions; P r ogram Ass o c i a t e concer ned wi t h Natural Resour c es; Mr. John and Dr. J. Kornacki, Robert D. Sparks, Pres i den t a n d Ch i e f P r o gr annni n g Of f i cer. Ther e oft en i s confusion about the re l ation s hips between t he W. K. Kell o gg Fo unda tion and the Kellogg Company, tie be t ween Kellogg. the two t hat whatever t h e b e ne fit of mank Ind . K. man, who created cereal firm. both Mr . Ke llogg e s tabl i sh e d the Kellogg Company de ter mi n e d W. on e 1S the ready-to-ea t Kellogg Foun da t ion, th e a p plica tion 0 an -- W. K. 1906 and v e r y e ar l y for t une he a c cu mu l a t ed he would someh ow dedica te to In 1930, when he was 70 year s ol d , he es tab l ished the Founda t i on then as now, organizations Th e connnon and 1S pu t into tr u s t his substantial fortune. The committed to the concept of knowledge u t i l iza t i on , f knowledge to the probl ems of pe ople. �-5-- I n mo s t on e a reas of h uma n con ce rn, we ''know better i ns ti t u t i on a re a s wh i ch cannot ar e vi tal enterprise; heal th, Mr. do Kel l o gg to everything, our than we do ." Fo undation t he human con d i tion : i s Since any oriented agriculture, t o three the basic human the prerequisite to human well-being; and educa tion, wh i ch described as represen ting the "greatest opportunity for really im prov i n g one genera tion over a n o t h e r . " As we a t t h e Founda ti on go about our daily t a sks, we become increasin gl y a ware of the di ch otomy between the na t ur e of problems and the nature of solut i on s whi ch are designed to address them. con c e rn i.n ca t i on , e mpl o yme n t , food our s o c iety inflation, an d nutri tion, add to t h i s s in gl e today hous ing, wor l d Think of any of ':h e maj or areas of cr ime, peace, nuclear Categoriz e pex forming energy, them as ar ts, ed·j- t r a ns por a t i on , you wi l l and list as you wish, but one thing becomes immedia t ely apparent. No pr o fessiona l environmental quality . the spe c i a l i za t i on can adequately address a n y of t h e s e iss ues. If soci e ty i.s t h e problems wi t h in to deal successfully wi th such problems, t h e ex per t i s e o f v ar i.ous bodi es of kn owl ed ge must somehow be mob lized e f f e c tiv e l y an new and even mor e creati v e ways. �6 I nou rd ail ys c h e d u l e at th eF o u n d a t i o n ,a b l ea n d comm it t e dp e o p le com e to u sw ith p ropo s a l sw h i c h do a supe rb j o bof deveLopi .ng a p r o b l em s t a t em e n t ,b u t t h e nt h ec o u r s eo fa c t ion p r o p o s e d 1S s im p l y lla ua ~ 111 i t scomple x iry, i t s s op h i s t ication, and i t ss c o p ea n dv i s i o nt od ea l( . l i th t h ea ss u ea ' :h a n d . Thus ,t h e r ee x i sts a d i l emm a an ou r s o c i e t y' i s1 :0 h ow w ? c a n contin u e to b e n ef i t f rom s u p e r bs p e c i a l i z at i on and at t h e s am et im ed e a la d e q u a t e l yw i t h ts sues o fp ar am o u n t im p o r t a n c e . Wh en I w a s an e x t e n s i o na g e n t ,e a r l i e rr nm y c a ree r, w eu s e d t oobs e r v ec r y p t ic a l l yt h a t" f a rm e r sh a v ep r o b l em sa n du n i v e r si t i e s have d e p artm en t s . " To som e ex tent t h es am ec a nb e said fo r so cie ty a n d its p r o bl e m s an r e l a t i o nt o ou r u n i v e r s i tie s and the i rsp ec i a lized co l l e g e s a n ddi s c ip li n es. u r Found ati o n ' s five a r e a so fp r o g r amm i n gf o r t h ed ec a d eo ft h e One of o 1980 s i sc o n c e nt r at e don a "who le som e food s u p p l y . " Among the a .ss u e so f con r n ce 1S t h e d e c i si o n -m a k i ng p rocess fo r a d d r e s si n gp u b l i c poL i . cy q u esti .on s wh ich h a ve a signi f i c a nt im p a c t upon a g r i cu ltu r e , l a n d , an t ~ n atu raL r e s o u rce s ,a n d the c a p ac i t yt oc o n t i n u e t op r o v i d e adequ ate q u antiti . es o f nutritious food at r e a sonab l ep r i c e s . It 1S i n c r e asi n g l ye v i d e nt t h a t ,an ou r �-]-- u rbaniz ing soci ety, decis ions impor ta nt to agr icu 1 t ure a re being made by we lli nten t i oned pe o ple who often lack even a deta il e d knowledge, general understanding, of th e complex agribusiness Le t industry with which alone a t h e y are de a l i ng . Th e iden t ification h u man i t i e s and lib e ral wh o l i s t ic approach, Graduates of p ro gr ams a arts s ear ch the human it i es s sue t which for and led us n a t ur a ll y to a have t ru th, th e a traditional a balance liberal arts i.n are politics, and government. engaged an or conce rn for commitmen t to often mov e i nto for the public the advanced t he profess ions, As c i v i c and organiza tional l eaders, responsible the t:he hwnan experience. of s tudy, and then in to pos i tions of leader sh ip an bus i n e s s , o f t en of t h i s decision-making they proces s whi ch bears so significantly u p on our agricultural and natural resources. Our l and-gran tins ti t u t i on s of higher educa tion were es tabl i s h ed more than a cen t ur y ago. We we r e i n du s t r ial i z a t i on , year s of th e then a n agrarian so c i ety, Agr i culture land-gran t was institu tions . pa r amo un t In and just b eginn ing the mov e dominant that earlier, and i.n to the initial. perh aps simpler �-8- da y, l and-g rant agr i cu 1 tural leade r s had broad c on ce r ns and provided l e a de r - ship for such innova tive developmen ts as home economics, rural educa t ion, and r ur a l soci o logy. Since drama t i ca ll y. Now, a gr i cu ltur al c i rcles l i mi t e d wi t h the fi eld of agriculture increasing spe c i a l i za t i on , hav e to agri cul ture); t h e s ys tern . then, a much narrower they ar e mast pe o p l e perspective (a preoccupied with their Too many h av e an insular mentality, isola ting themselves great er university of which they are a th i n k t erms farming and agribus iness, not In academic profession and with fr om the of t.n ch an ge d ch aracteristic not l e ctua ll y an has terms part, in te 1- inclined to of so ci e t y , its cou ld initiate and pe o p l e , and t heir nu tr i tiona l n e eds . One time an our soci e ty inf l u ence broad publ ic policy. a ffec t agr i culture and, t i ona l ch ar ac t e r i s t i c s - - farmers and agriculturists Now , many of the most impor t a nt decisions t hat th e r e f or e , food -- quality, quantity, pr i ce, nu t r i- are made by peo ple who know very little ab ou t t he i n t r ica c i e s o f such ma t t e r s . The Ame r ica n public has come to ass ume an abundant supply of food, readily av a i l a b le ev e ry day of t h e year an every part of the country and a t a r e a s onabl e price. The miracle of Ameri can agriculture, which 1S the envy of t h e �-9- wor l d , food 1S in crea s i n gl y taken for produ c t s we r e an s easonal gran ted . s u pply ; head l e ttuce 365 days of t h e year food t:lan doe s any o th er now we can enjoy th roughou t our country. enjoy s uch benefits wh i l e s pen d i n g a (or It was not very long ago that many lower nati on. fresh tomatoes And, in America we portion of our disposabl e Such abundance and is neither income eas ily accomplished nor gu ara-i t.eed , Thus, liberal food ther e arts and a. s s ue , evo l v ed a v er i f iab l e need to e xpo s e to sensitiz e liberal arts students to agriculturists to the the realities of t he au t o f such cons iderations grew the 11 pilot projects, h ere at th e land-grant University of Florida and i n the 10 private liberal arts instituti ons, wh i ch will be t he cen t r a l discussion points of th i s conference . III. I n cl o s i n g, I wou ld make two observations abou t my assigned t opi c ; "Ag r icu ltur e an the Liberal Arts: F i rst, mak e the Su c ce s s • II Building on Success." if I wer e to dr a f t conference theme : the title I would probably ch a n ge one word a nd "Agricul ture an d the Liberal Arts: Building on �-10- As I sa id earlier, I gr ew up on a f ruit farm in west Mi ch i ga n , and was t h e f i rst o f my fam il y to go to college, where I of my soph omor e year program o f stu dy and, s ional l i fe , The To ok ey, s topped me off i ce ; I I had an an effect, ch a ir man an the did so, '.. . i th of s t u d i e d horticulture. expe rience wh i ch changed my At the end un de r gr a du a t e the fut ure course of my personal and profes- th e Depa rtment corr i d or one day and of Hor ti culture, asked me to Dr. come H. i n to his th e trepidati on \.. .h i ch any s o ph omor e would feel. point was simp l e a n d dire c t: "Russ, I B. His have observed that you are doing well If you wi s h t o be a h or ticulturist, an t h e fu t ure we will make a s a student. yo u a s pe c i a l i st an yo ur master's a nd doctoral progr a ms of s t u dy . My su g g es- ti on t his to you Un i v e r s i ty • ' J.S that Take as at this po i nt f ew courses r.n your studies you 'sample great an horticul ture as we will permit and t ak e a s fe w courses an the Co ll ege of Agr i culture as y o u can possibly get by wi t h . Beyond that, explore any to p i c an ywh ere a dv ice and you can well appreci ate that an the University." th i s I fo ll owed his dramatically changed my under- gr a dua t e a ca de mi c e x pe rience and, an my judgment, changed i t for the b etter. �-1 1 - How m any of you a s deans o rf a c u l t ya d v i s o r sg i v et h a tkind o fc o u n s e lt o you r st u d e nts? M y sam p li n g of t h e Un ive r s i t yw as un de rs t a n d a b l y ve ry l im i t e d . D e g r e e r e q ui r em ent s , estab lis h e di .n a s y stem by l e a r n e dp eo p l ed e nied m y e x posu re t o the la r g e r Un ive rsit y . T h a t phenom enon , of cou rse, 1 8 cha r a c te ri s tic n o t on ly g r icult u re but a lso o ft h e c lassics, en g i n e e r i n g ,b u siness, a n da l l t h e of a re st, Thus, I su ggest w e h a ve dua lo b je c t i v e s as w e con s i d e r o u r conf e r e nce t h em e : n c or p o ration f i r s t , i of info rm a tion on f o o d /a ~ icu It u r e /n atu ra1 reso u r c es i n t o t h e li b e ra la rt s ;a n d second, in f u s i o no ft h eh um a n i t i e s and t h e 1i b er a la rts into the m i n d s and h e a rt s 0 f st u d e n t s , f acu l ,t i es, a n d pr a c titi o ne rs in ag ricult u r e . M y seco n d obs e rvation re la t e s to t h esubt i tl e-" b ui l d i n g on success." S u c ha p ropo sit i o n1S p re s u m p t u o u s , b e c a u s ew e do n o t ye tk now i ft h e expe rie h a v eo n l y 11 p ion ee ri n ge f f o rt s in t h i s m en t al p rog ram s a r e su c cessful . W r e a . How do w e know th at a n y of t h em a r eme e t i n gt h eo b j ect i v e se sta b lished a �-12- for th em? Wh en will we know? e du ca t i on an absolute t er ms I:. 15 always dif fi cult to determine success an , Bu t, all of us a r e con cer ned with ar e intr i gu e d with under stand i n g of det ermi nant of that h ave people th e human c ompr i s e the as pioneer a difference 1S to especiall y t o your s t u d e n t s . They ar e t he fu t u re ! 8/1/ 85 kj2 26c source of human nutri tion and a We impressed with ins titu tions ar e that efforts ins titu t ions: th e is, the impressed prime wi t h t he fa cul, ty and admin is t r a tors, th e happening an th e s e set tings. I hope and trust that your make the condition. t hese s t u de n t s -- and wi t h what will We concept of linking stu d ies of t h e humani ties wi t h an a griculture developed who the the issue of food and the future . sojourn h ere a n Gainesvi ll e wi l l be r ewarding, you, to your institution and its f acu l t y , and � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby Papers Subject The topic of the resource Charities Family foundations--Michigan Philanthropy and society Description An account of the resource The Russell Mawby papers document the life and work of Michigan-born Russell Mawby from 1928 to the present. Mawby was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for twenty-five years and is recognized for his work in the area of philanthropy in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The digital collection includes a selection of field notes, speeches, itineraries, and other materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell G. W.K. Kellogg Foundation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby Papers (JCPA-01). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson Center for Philanthropy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-2012 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/432">Russell Mawby papers, JCPA-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-01_1984-01-04_RMawby_SPE Title A name given to the resource Russell Mawby speech, Agriculture in the Liberal Arts Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mawby, Russell Description An account of the resource Speech given January 4, 1984 for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation at the University of Florida to discuss the topics of food, agriculture and natural resources in liberal arts programs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society Family foundations--Michigan W. K. Kellogg Foundation Charities Speeches, addresses, etc. Agriculture Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-01-04 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text