454 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6c7a07521080bbca633f101df0ee2dd6.jpg 45641441a3df117ca015a0342ee905c3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A6-1322 Title A name given to the resource Kentucky. Shawnee paddleboat on the Kentucky River Description An account of the resource D.J. Angus and friends on board the Shawnee paddleboat on the Kentucky River. Subject The topic of the resource Kentucky Photographs Photography Kentucky River (Ky.) Stern wheelers Rivers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1616617b89c9a13ce391dd3222510876.mp4 be2e6d592399ac8445a2d1a4f5ba2e0b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4cc5a163c078eaf7627901f2ac03ef9e.pdf e5caaae6e6824bf131567d9a08fb347e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Vietnam War Dave Kenyon 45:39 Introduction (00:15)         Dave was born in Binghamton, New York on February 20, 1949. His father worked at a furniture manufacturing company and his mother worked for General Electric. They had four kids in the family, two brothers and one sister, and he was the second child. Dave graduated from high school in January 1967. After he graduated, he got a job at a flooring store working with carpet and ceramic. He was aware of Vietnam at the time, and he heard of people going there and being killed. His cousins were getting draft notices, but he did not watch much on the television. Dave received his own draft notice in 1968. He was given his physical and other testing there in Binghamton. (02:15) He doesn’t remember anyone trying hard to get out of military service while getting his physical. The physical was basic, mostly vitals. Dave was sent to Syracuse and flown to Fort Dix in March 1969. Training (03:09)           Basic training was conducted at Fort Dix. When he got there, they spent a couple of days for orientation which was when they were issued their uniforms and were checked into training. The first time they met their drill sergeant, he scared them all. Adjusting to military life was a little tough, especially waking up early and learning all the military discipline. Physical training, marching and weapons training were the main focuses of basic training. (04:30) Dave was in pretty good shape going in, so it did not bother him much. Most of the people in basic training with Dave were all from the east coast area. He also went in with his cousin. Most of the men were draftees. One red-headed sergeant that Dave remembers was a Vietnam veteran. Basic training lasted for 8 weeks, and then he was sent to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri for AIT (Advanced Infantry Training). Dave was training to be a combat engineer. (06:47) AIT was much tougher physically than basic training. It was also more challenging mentally because of the classes and new things he had to learn about being an engineer but also the infantry aspect of shooting rifles and throwing hand grenades. �       They trained on an M-14 but once they got to Vietnam they were all issued M-16s. Dave was one of three men to max the PT (Physical Training) test. The instructors were also good, with some of them being Vietnam vets themselves, especially the demolition instructors. They did not get much training on being in Vietnam, just specialty training on being an engineer. AIT was another 8 weeks followed by 10 days leave back home. (08:42) While home on leave, he was stopped by a police officer for speeding but when Dave told him he was going to Vietnam he was let go without a ticket. When he came back from leave they were sent to Oakland, California. They flew commercially to Hawaii for refueling then on to Okinawa. From there, they went directly to Vietnam and flew into Cam Ranh Bay. Vietnam (10:11)                Dave’s first impression of Vietnam was that it was hot and sticky. The men he saw that were going home were all smiling, and it made him wonder what he was getting into. Once they got in country, they had a few days of indoctrination before he was assigned to the 101st Airborne Division. He was attached to the 326th Engineer Battalion. They were flown on a C-130 to Camp Eagle. At Camp Eagle, they were issued more gear and then trucked up to Camp Evans. Dave was in B Company. And when he first got there, he was called a ‘cherry’ and a ‘rookie’ by the men who were already there. (12:46) They were in camp for a couple weeks before he was sent into the field. That time on base was spent conducting special training like rappelling and walking out of a Chinook Helicopter and other things that the 101st made all new members go through. Dave arrived in Vietnam in August 1969. To clear an LZ (Landing Zone), they were given chainsaws and they cut down all the trees, they then used explosives for other things. One time he remembers having to rappel out of a helicopter. (14:50) One mission that he went on they had to clear booby traps in some buildings. He caught some shrapnel in his arm on that mission. They also went mine sweeping on the roads and found a large amount of TNT and blew it in place. After it was blown, another unit would come in and fix the road. Dave’s unit was designated for demolition, clearing and building firebases. They ran concertina wire, set trip wires and claymores. At night they had to pull guard duty, but they were usually brought back to the rear as soon as they were done. (16:30) When Dave arrived at Camp Evans, he met one of his best friends from school, John Hulver, who fought at Hamburger Hill. When the monsoons were coming, they blew up a dam and Dave never saw so much mud in his life. This was done in the A Shau Valley, and nothing could be done during the monsoon season because of the poor weather. Dave never saw the enemy the whole time he was there. Camp Evans was his home base for the duration of his tour in Vietnam. (18:35) In December, they went on a mission up to the DMZ, but he was back for Christmas. �          While in the rear, he re-built the mess hall and built an NCO club. Dave was always busy and normally worked by himself. The mess hall put out some good meals while in the rear, and the only time he had to eat c-rations was when they were out in the field. Dave had seven men in his squad. They were often sent out on missions by squad and they worked for a variety of different battalions. (20:24) In the rear, whites hung out with whites and blacks hung out with blacks. Men were usually either a pothead or a boozer, but he did not see much racial tension or fights. Other than marijuana, Dave did not see any other drugs, nor did he partake of them. He did drink beer that could be bought at the PX or the NCO club. In the field, most men did not smoke pot or drink beer. (22:44) Dave went to Hue and the Perfume River, and while there he noticed that everything was Americanized. Everything the Vietnamese people had was from the United States. The impression that Dave had with the locals was that they didn’t want them there. At the time, he felt that he was in Vietnam because he was called by his country to serve; now he feels that it was all politics and big business. (24:22) In March, the monsoon season was over and they went out and started building firebases. Ripcord (24:45)          The next big event that happened was in April when Dave went up to Ripcord, they arrived on the 1st of April and they were hit that day. They landed at a hot LZ. When they landed, he noticed there was no foliage due to bombings and Agent Orange. They planned on placing artillery on the hill that was Firebase Ripcord. Dave spent all day there and was mortared continuously and when night fell they were forced off Ripcord and hiked through the jungle in the dark a mile or two away. (27:03) He was dropped off with Bravo Company 2/506th. Dave spent the night there and a lieutenant came around and asked for volunteers to go back up the hill and bring back some bodies of three men that had been killed the previous day. They were not shot at when they were extracting the bodies. (28:30) After a while, they were brought back to Camp Evans and the grunts they were with stayed out in the field. Ten days later, they went back up to Ripcord with Charlie Company. They used bulldozers to build bunkers and he worked there for 2-3 weeks. Dave used Bangalore torpedoes from World War II to build some of these bunkers. Lieutenant Smith was in charge of the engineers and he served as platoon leader. (30:21) They blew up lots of tree stumps and cleared fields of fire. For the artillery positions, they were leveled off by the bulldozers. Dave also filled sand bags for several days. When they were staying at Ripcord, they slept in foxholes and they had to pull guard duty at night too. They did not receive any additional attacks or incomings after the April 1st attack. After the base was completed, Dave was sent back to the rear and was later sent to another artillery unit and performed some tile work. (32:52) At that point, Dave did not have a sense of what was going on in the war around him and he did not read Stars and Stripes or listen to the radio. �           During the summer when Ripcord was getting hit, Dave was not aware of it because his squad had been pulled out. At Camp Evans, they would sometimes get a rocket or mortar attack, but nothing serious and always sporadic. (34:57) They did not have much fun, but he did go to Eagle Beach once. Dave did not go on R&R because he did not know if he would be able to go back to Vietnam. One man he knew extended for two months to get an early out and was later killed, so Dave said he would never do that. Contact with the states was limited to letters from his parents and his family. He asked his family to send him magazines and jiffy-pop. Other things could be purchased on base at Camp Evans. (36:38) The new officers did a lot of stupid things and didn’t have much common sense. Civilians did the men’s laundry and they had to keep up on military uniform regulations while in the rear. Dave mostly did what he was told to do so that he didn’t rock the boat, but some men refused to do things like rappelling from the tower or practice. (38:50) The unit kept getting replacements and the new guys were taught by the older guys that had been there for a while. Dave left Vietnam in August. He turned in his gear at Camp Evans, and when they arrived at [Camron Bay] he noticed a huge difference in the lights. When he got on the plane, they were happy to be going home but he didn’t notice any new guys coming in as he was leaving. (40:52) Back in the States (41:09)        Their plane landed at Fort Lewis, Washington and they stayed there for a day or two before going back to New York. Dave flew home in uniform but did not have any problems with protestors. He was just happy to be back in the world. When he arrived back home, he still had six months left in service. He was stationed at Fort Belvoir and worked as a training NCO. The only duty he had was to come up with a training schedule for the guys. He did not have to pull any guard duty and he was able to go home every weekend. They mentioned re-enlisting, but he never thought about it because he knew he would be back in Vietnam in a year or two. Dave was discharged in March 1971. He took a couple of weeks off and then got a job working for as a carpenter. (43:22) After his friend was killed, he never complained about anything. He did learn discipline while in the army and it made him a better person. He also gained more appreciation for the things he had back in the states. He never spoke to anyone about Vietnam, and he finally began to when others like him started coming out and speaking about their experiences. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KenyonD1543V Title A name given to the resource Kenyon, Dave (Interview outline and video), 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kenyon, Dave Description An account of the resource Dave was born on February 20, 1949 in Binghamton, New York. He graduated from high school in 1967 and he received his draft notice in 1968. He was sent to Fort Dix for basic training and Fort Leonard Wood for AIT. Dave served as a combat engineer and was sent to Vietnam in August 1969. He was assigned to the 326th Engineer Battalion, 101st Division. As an engineer, Dave helped build firebases, including Ripcord. He made it back to the United States in August 1970 and was discharged from the army in March 1971. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-10-12 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a0cc1e11ea2893222ea0d7b6ecb83d2c.m4v eec562dd252015b365457b410ca3e280 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b5af20fccbf361a64743b3cf340e636b.pdf 7b237f9f629e1c23b23f1a05dd1948ee PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Rodney Kenyon (46:25)  Background (00:10)  Born July 27 1933 (00:20)  Served during the Korean War and achieved the rank of Seaman (00:24)  Born in Middleville, Michigan (00:33)  Attended Thornapple-Kellogg High School  June 1952, he enlisted in the navy after receiving draft notice for the army, even though he had previously been in the naval reserve (00:50)  He went to naval reserve center after receiving the draft notice for the army, and was placed into the navy (02:00)  Went into the navy because of a great love for the navy (02:15)  He was homesick while serving in the army (02:50)  He was determined to do the best he could (03:40)  He was trained in fire drills and sea-faring (04:05)  After training he was assigned to a destroyer flotilla in Newport, Rhode Island (05:00)  He had typing experience in high school which qualified him to be a radioman (05:30)  He spent all of his time deployed on the east coast of the United states (06:10)  He was assigned to many ships because the Admiral would change his flagship often to any boat in port, 21 ships in sixteen months (06:40)  Sometime he was assigned multiple times to different ships without leaving port  Experience in England (08:25)  Went to London the week after the coronation of the queen 1953 (08:35) � They would practice maneuvers between the US Navy and US Air Force and the British Navy, which included air shows (08:50)  They would communicate by air mail to family back home (10:20)  The mail usually took no longer than five days (11:05)  The food was fine (11:25)  Grew up with two brothers and one sister (11:35)  They had about five cooks on board a destroyer to feed 350 crewmen (12:20)  He got along well with the officers, didn’t spend a lot of time with the enlisted crew because he was a radio man. He became good friends with one of the captains (13:50)  Entertainment (16:35)  Letters from home (16:40)  Married on boot leave (16:45)  His mother wrote him often (16:55)  Gambling on ships, but he never got involved (17:35)  He and his wife were saving money to buy a home (18:00)  While on leave the USO would give away tickets to sports and shows (18:40)  Service ended, he couldn’t wait to get out (19:30)  He was in the navy for 22 months ten days and eight hours (19:45)  The last six months he was assigned to the deck crew because of his record for changing ships (21 ships in sixteen months) (20:05)  He was assigned to a liberty boat (20:35)  The liberty boat is a craft that holds thirty-five to forty sailors and goes back and forth from ship to shore transporting (20:45)  It took about twenty minutes to go from ship to shore and another twenty to get back (21:15)  One of his experiences on a liberty boat took place during an extremely foggy night (21:55) � The officer on deck hadn’t received word that all the launches were canceled (22:00)  He wasn’t able to see the launch so he approached his officer and requested a compass in case the boat got lost on the way to shore (22:40)  The officer refused and accused him of insubordination (23:15)  So he was sent off on the boat without a compass, forty-five minutes after being in the liberty boat without seeing land, Rodney Kenyon assumed command to direct it to land (25:15)  He went to the bow of the ship and used a pole to feel in the water for rocks and land (25:40)  After being at the bow for a while he heard automobiles in the distance and directed the ship in that direction (26:10)  They found land (26:10)  He organized the crew, five all together, and pulled the boat on shore (26:30)  They were faced with a cliff and heard automobile traffic at the top so he led them in scaling the cliff (27:30)  He flagged down a marine patrol car (28:00)  The marine patrol accused them of deserting (28:40)  The Marines brought them to Newport because they were unable to contact the sailors command ship (29:10)  The marines handcuffed the group of five to benches (located at the boat landing) for the night (30:00)  They were picked up the next morning by the officer who had refused to give him a compass the night before (30:20)  Scariest moment of his naval career (31:00)  Korean experience (31:20)  His Admiral asked him to sign over for another three months of service in order to serve near Korea (32:00)  He refused the offer (34:00) � After his service ended he spent a couple days with his wife and then went back to work at his family’s dealership (35:30)  He joined the American Legion (36:00)  He was denied from joining the VFW because he hadn’t fought over in Korea (36:20)  He joined up with the Caledonia American Legion, Middleville did not have a post at the time, and has been with them since (37:40)  Service and experience changed his life around (38:40)  After his service he appreciated his town of Middleville (40:00)  (40:10) end � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KenyonR Title A name given to the resource Kenyon, Rodney (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kenyon, Rodney Description An account of the resource Rodney Kenyon enlisted in the US Navy in 1952 to avoid being drafted into the army and sent to Korea. He was assigned to the commodore's staff in a destroyer flotilla based in Newport, Rhode Island. He followed his commander from ship to ship, and eventually served on 21 different vessels before being assigned to duty on the base at Newport. He made regular trips across the Atlantic, but never served in a combat zone. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kenyon, Shelby (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-25 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5cf34ddb3b011bea52c5511a67db511d.mp4 aec15bb9a4892b3ff6a7bf9419473905 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b4595ee4512d7f0846da4f96f7f90bcf.pdf 9d866f0def68f3cbe9713cef131759b6 PDF Text Text Kenyon, Steve Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Gulf War/ Bosnia/ Afghanistan Interviewee’s Name: Steve Kenyon Length of Interview: (1:01:32) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Maluhia Buhlman Interviewer: “We’re on.” I should be looking at you right, not the camera? Okay. Interviewer: “Okay, we’re talking today with Steve Kenyon of Grand Rapids, Michigan. We are at the 2017 LZ Michigan event sponsored by WGVU here in Grand Rapids, and Steve, start us off with some background on yourself ,and to begin with, where and when were you born?” (00:20) Sure, sure Jim hey and thank you for allowing me to talk about such a wonderful subject because it’s, you know, love of God, family, friends, neighbors and the United States of America those of us who served. So Jim I’m a Butterworth Hospital baby here in Grand Rapids, Michigan born in 1960 and went to Ottawa Hills High School, one of the City League high schools, wonderful wonderful great Grand Rapids experience. Went to Grand Rapids Junior College, got an associates degree there then onto Michigan State for a couple of degrees, couple of bachelor’s degrees, did a little bit of law school, natural gas business, military 34 years in the United States Army reserves and active, been blessed. Interviewer: “Okay so to back up a little bit, when did you initially enter the military?” Sure, you know it’s interesting my father– I grew up my dad retired as an Army colonel and he was logistics, armor, and medical service and my dad– Again, my hero, wonderful guy– He, let’s see in February of 1980 I’m a sophomore at Grand Rapids Junior College and dad works �Kenyon, Steve downtown at Michigan Consolidated gas company, happens to be commander of the 394 Station Hospital here in Grand Rapids as a Cold War hospital, 500 beds which is a huge activity– Cold War mobilization they would move to Heidelberg or Frankfurt, Germany take over facility. So you know growing up admiring my dad in the military, took us to summer camps with him. So I just always loved the military but, you know it’s interesting I never really thought of joining and again that’s an area when military is not very popular to a lot of other people and just one morning– A lot of times my dad he would drive me to school, drop me off because his office was close, JC right downtown here now Grand Rapids Community College, and just one morning he just said to me, you know “Steve have you ever thought about the military? You’ve got leadership qualities.” “Alright, well interesting Dad.” I didn’t really respond to him, well one week later I was in the recruiters office. Can still remember to this day Staff Sergeant Jerry– Sergeant 1st Class Jerry DeKulp, and within, you know an hour later I signed an eight year service obligation as an enlistment as a medic, an Army medic and you know. So I start, one month later I’m in uniform as an E1, that’s as low as you can be on the totem pole, with the 394 station hospital I haven’t gone to my basic training yet but so a unit of about 450 soldiers I was 450. (3:10) Now coincidentally my dad was number one he was commander of the O-6 and you know it was just a wonderful experience, loved it, so many great friends and I went on enlisted then for about eight months and then enrolled in the Army ROTC at Michigan State University, graduated distinguished military and got commissioned. Interviewer: “So they did not send you off anywhere for basic training along the way?” Yeah I did, yeah I went to Fort Knox Kentucky, yes sir I sure as heck did Fort Knox and– Interviewer: “When were you there?” That was July of 1980. Interviewer: “Okay, summer in Kentucky okay.” �Kenyon, Steve And yes boy oh boy still taste that combination, kind of like the day here we’re having in Grand Rapids, high humidity and hot but there’s that red clay dust that gets into your mouth and you just can’t get rid of that taste. There’s three hills, misery, agony, and I forget the other, everybody’s who’s done basic– At that time that’s when it was the Fort Knox was the armor school, now that has moved to Fort Benning since but you know General Patton’s museum, all of the wonderful things. Great experience, it was tough and loved it. Interviewer: “Okay, now do you think you went in there with a little bit better idea of what to expect than a lot of other guys did?” Yes sir I do, I sure did and I was motivated, you know mostly just that attitude of the finish line. I knew I was gonna get there and I was prepared, it was an exciting adventure to me, it is interesting and that’s a whole different conversation in itself, you know essentially you arrive on a Greyhound bus with 40 other guys, you get off the bus and different hair, certainly different clothing and 40 different guys. (4:57) Well about three hours later you walk out of the building with the same haircut wearing OD green, we’re still wearing fatigues back then and you know the shock starts and then you know then those first couple of nights sleeping in open bay barracks with 40 guys who snore and sleepwalk and on and on and on and we didn’t– We lost a couple of guys but we all made it, great experience you know those drill sergeants who were tough as can be but you know they’ve got such tremendous– They’re some of the most loving people in the world, they love the United States of America, they know that our military needs tough competent good soldiers and you know a few times those guys would break character. You’d see them, they– You know, it was fun, it was fun. Interviewer: “They’d show they actually did care about people?” They would never tell you that, you know we were scum but you know at graduation, and I was blessed I was the number one– I was the platoon leader for my platoon so a combination of peer ratings and then this cadre, and let me tell you that competition was tough. So yeah at the end you know our last– They broke character when we left, one time and you know we saw a smile, �Kenyon, Steve we saw that firm handshake and that pat on the back but then their faces got stern and they’d say “You go on and you do what you’re supposed to do or I’ll be on your ass.” Interviewer: “Did you get a chance to find out at all why the other guys were there, what motivated them to join or did you not talk to them enough to know?” You know it– On the one hand there’s a little bit of you’re still kind of independent, guys don’t talk a lot initially but then the force of the experience, we shared our lives very quickly because we succeeded in becoming a very well met, strong team and yeah combination of some guys just not having anything else better to do. Other guys there were a lot of– Not a lot but I would say maybe 10-15% of the other troops were military dependents and that was expected of them. You know interesting, back to my dad, it wasn’t– It was expected but it was only just one little hint and then I did it and then, you know a lot of other people in the middle– Including there were some guys that were– Just such an interesting group, there were some guys that, you know had trouble with the law and otherwise just trying to find direction. We also had an interesting group of guys who were Mormons and about a half dozen of them they were all from the University of Utah and they had done– I learned so much about– They were just phenomenally tremendous guys. (7:48) They had already done, which I had no idea, in their faith they did two years of missionary duty overseas and boy they were tough. Most of the group I went through basic training went on to become commissioned officers. Interviewer: “Okay, alright now were you a– Was this a class of people who were all slated to be medics or could you just be anything?” Yeah everything, yeah when you’re on that we have what’s called one station unit training, didn’t have that at that time but that’s where for instance the second level of basic training called advanced individual where you get your specialty. So we do that now so infantry OSUT in fact I was battalion commander of a related at Fort Benning– Related unit, but anyways so infantry soldiers do their basic and their advanced individual training Fort Benning, go to Fort Leonard Wood to become an engineer or military police Fort Sam Houstan, actually no basic training there, there’s only a couple of basic training bases, but yeah so our guys did everything. That was �Kenyon, Steve one of the few and I was commissioned initially infantry medical service, there were a couple– One of my good friends in University of Utah became a medical service officer, we crossed paths later. Interviewer: “Okay so we’re gonna back up here, so summer of 1980 you do your basic training at Fort Knox, now from there do you go back to Grand Rapids again for a while or what comes next?” Yeah I sure did. Yup back to GR back to reserve status and then I had graduated from Grand Rapids Junior College and I actually become– I was advanced to PFC part of my enlistment, bonus, enlistment no bonus money wise but because if I got my associates degree then I did become a PFC and then that fall enrolled at Michigan State. Stayed as a medic, stayed enlisted PFC until about November and as I say it that’s the other thing, my plan was to seek officer commissioning I wanted to be enlisted for a number of years and then no guarantee about becoming an officer but then some good guidance, and it was the right guidance– Enrolled in ROTC cadet leadership training and it was, it was thrilling. (10:06) So at that time we had what was called the simultaneous membership program, that’s where a soldier, if affiliated as a contracted ROTC cadet, administratively advanced to E5 pay, cadet rank not enlisted, not an officer and I happened to be the first one in the state of Michigan in the Army reserves, there were some others Army guard– What’s really interesting about that though is the enlistment contract continued in the background while you’re going through ROTC. So if– And we had one guy at Michigan State that washed out, he reverted back to his enlistment contract and became– You know he went from doing pretty well as a cadet to suddenly an E3 again and eight years is an event. Interviewer: “So you are basically accumulating time in service that way, whereas you’re ROTC you’re not officially in the service yet so there’s a difference in terms of your seniority.” Yeah, so other ROTC cadets their situation was they were not members of the military until they commissioned and they could either be kicked out or that was their decision point, my decision �Kenyon, Steve point was already made and again in the military talk about volunteering, you never volunteer, in reality we do volunteer a lot for tough assignments but ultimately there’s– We’re volunteers until we enlist or accept the oath of office as an officer and now we’re no longer volunteers, we’re obligated and it’s, you know it’s a sense of responsibility and it’s a good thing, it’s a good thing. Interviewer: “Alright, so when do you graduate from Michigan State?” 1982, June of ‘82 and I, again I was fortunate a distinguished military graduate and this isn’t about me as much as it is the things that these programs provide. So I was offered a regular Army commission and go on active duty as regular Army and I decided I wanted to get some more school so I stuck around I was gonna get an MBA, I ended up getting another bachelor’s degree and then I did a year and a half of law school but what I was gonna say– Oh final semester at Michigan State I was the cadet battalion commander which was just a thrilling– You know and at the end of the school year and you know leading that corp of cadets which was about 150 strong at Michigan State in 1982. (12:40) It was just really fun, in fact current president Louanna Simon, she presented me the award from the university actually it is a saber for the cadet battalion commander. So I had my saber etched with my name and Michigan State, my cavalry saber from Dr.Louanna Simon. She was the provost at that time and now she’s the president, I’ve seen her a few times since, she doesn’t remember me but I sure remember her. Interviewer: “Okay, now at the time you’re going through in the 80s here was there any kind of residual Vietnam stuff in terms of how people view people in the service or did your fellow students and everyone else just kind of view it as no big deal?” Yeah that’s interesting Jim, it was a little bit of a confusing– People didn’t generally know how to treat the military, we’re far enough after the Vietnam war that a lot of the misconceptions and the tragedy is far away but you know I served with a lot of non comms, noncommissioned officers who were Vietnam veterans and again the experience and these guys were a wealth of information and experience, they were great. On that though the world has always been an unsafe place so we had, very quickly after I got commissioned and I was actually at Fort Sam Houston, Texas in ‘83 when Grenada comes off and in fact we had– One of my fellow cadets �Kenyon, Steve graduated a year earlier was involved in that operation and then of course we have Panama not too much later but one of the remarkable things, before Sam Houston is the medical command for the Army now it’s medical command for all services and the Brookes Army Medical Center is the medcen and the burn center for the world is right there. Well I’m in my officer basic— Officer basic course there OVC and the casualties came back from Panama including, you know there was a young lieutenant who had in a helicopter crash and his legs were severed just below the hips, and we’re officers in training and giving blood and then going and seeing those soldiers. There were about 13 soldiers that came to Brooke, and you know that was my first contact with a fellow– They were all my age and you know seeing how life changes, yeah still remember that. Interviewer: “Okay, alright so you think it’s– Now so what you’ve been doing then you complete Michigan State, you stay on for more education so you still remain at that point on reserve duty then?” Yes. Interviewer: “With the Army and still at enlisted rank at than point you haven’t taken commission yet?” (15:41) Oh yeah, my commission 12 June, 1980 that is my commission date, 2nd Lieutenant Butter Bar and again– Interviewer: “ ‘80 or ‘82?” ‘82, I’m sorry ‘82. Interviewer: “Just so we have dates.” Yes indeed, well I’m a chronological guy too, very important. So yeah then I– Back to the 394 Station Hospital and I initially started as the– As a commissioned officer then as the S1. S1 is personnel, I move through logistics and operations, I was the medical– The patient �Kenyon, Steve administration officer, did a whole lot of interesting things there and then I transferred to the field artillery. We had at that time eight inch self propelled howitzers, 4th Battalion 20th Field Artillery in fact Lieutenant Colonel Alan West, who’s a wonderful nationally recognized person in his own right, he and I were in the same regiment. We crossed Frontlines of Freedom if I can say that now, we interviewed him on Frontlines of Freedom so same regiment 20th infantry– Or artillery regiment, he was 1st Battalion I was 4th Battalion. So that was the M110 we don’t have weapons system in the inventory now but a phenomenal eight inch self propelled howitzer so we could kick that 250 pound round out some 18 miles, 100 meter kill radius, we were a nuclear capable unit, half a kiloton nuclear round. I was the S2 security intelligence staff officer for a year and then I was the headquarters battery commander. Through all my experience in 34 years in the Army, you know the two most hardest working soldiers I’ve ever seen are field artillery men and then infantry soldiers, I was an infantry battalion commander too, and you know they worked the longest hours, the toughest duty, and they had the highest morale. They were just– Boy they were terrific, loved it. Interviewer: “Okay, now where does the Fort Sam Houston officer basic training fit into your timeline here?” (17:47) Okay that was– That was the fall of 1983 so I had my second bachelor’s degree in June of ‘83. That was about three months at Fort Sam Houston, Texas so then I’m officially– I’ve done my basic course. Now I return to Fort Sam Houston a dozen times in my career for officer advanced course, medical service, a medical logistics officer course, and other– Interviewer: “Now the officer basic course then what does that actually consist of?” That is– And at that time we had the allied Army medical department or A-Med, it is the largest collection of branches in the Army and that so the hard skills are Army Nurse Corps, Medical Corps doctors, Dental Corps dentist, Veterinary Corp vets, Army Specialist Corps those were physician assistants or dieticians and our physical therapists, those are the hard stripes then we had– Or the hard professionals. We had all of our allied scientists and then medical service administrative operations is my– So we had a collection of those in my officer basic course, �Kenyon, Steve again I was on the side of I was already infantry, I was already field, you know training guys. So you know those who weren’t as experienced sleeping in tents and getting shot at and otherwise we helped them through and they taught us a lot too. They were smart and we were tough, we were a good team. Interviewer: “Alright, so when you complete that do you go back to school again or now are you going on for regular active duty?” I didn’t have active duty required at that time, so I did actually I went back to Cooley Law School in Lansing and did a year and a half there working and so forth and then continued on reserve duty until I mobilized a couple of times, mobilized three times. So Operation Joint Endeavor Bosnia that is April of 1996 and fascinating that is a story in itself. The Balkan the Yugoslav– Far Yugoslavian you know ethnic cleansing with the Serbians and you know I mean there’s hundreds of years of ethnic rivalry. We didn’t have the mass casualties, we went in there with a strong force, I mobilized as the operations officer, officer in charge if you will of about 370 medical personnel from the midwest and a fascinating group of which about 70 physicians Army Medical Corps and then Dental Corps and we backfilled all of the– First of all at that time 1996 we’re down to about three hospitals in Europe. (20:46) The medical centers at Landstuhl co-located with Ramstein Air Base it’s the European Regional Medical Command and the medical center. We have a combat support hospital in Wurzburg near Leighton barracks where the 1st Infantry Division had its flag at that time and then in beautiful Heidelberg we had the last MASH hospital 212 MASH, beautiful place to go and visit, and then we had 17 medical clinics and dispensaries all over Europe, I got to travel. So I went there and coincidentally the G3, general staff, General Kevin Kiley was our commander, phenomenal he went on to become the surgeon general of the Army and his staff G3’s operations that officer has rotated out while I went in as an Army reserve liaison but I got to sit in that seat essentially co-head. So I saw a bunch, traveled, and you know some of the highlights there and this gets back to the integration the corp competencies are twice the citizen Army reservist who are you in the civilian sector in for profit facilities, universities. We had the Mayo Clinic we actually had two department heads from the Mayo Clinic, we had the chief nurse from the University of Michigan phenomenal people– Two things, the three hospitals were going through their joint accreditation that summer, �Kenyon, Steve the active duty folks were scared of– It’s not nice to say they were scared but they were apprehensive that is a huge thing to go through. Our Army reservist crew, piece of cake, they took them through that– Again our op tempo wasn’t anywhere near where we thought it would be, we didn’t have the mass casualties coming out of Bosnia. We go through all three hospitals past the joint accreditation, it was a huge victory and a lot of medals came out of that. 25 June 1996 02 in the morning I’m in my hooch sleeping and I was the officer in charge of the critical action center at 02 I get a call in my hooch from the operations NCO and this gets back to those non comms, those sergeants again these officers– Officers lead units, non commissioned officer, sergeants lead men, they were sergeants. So I get this call, there’s been a bombing and we shoot up the critcial action, the command center immediately. So I’m there about an hour later “What’s going on?” Well the Khobar towers Riyadh, Saudi Arabia has been bomber, 19 American servicemen Air Force pretty much killed instantly. Medical care in Saudi Arabia at that time is really good, most of the people that staff those hospitals are American civilians. They go to Saudi Arabia for a couple of years, make a boatload of money– They had great medical care, their initial stabilization was fantastic. We kicked it– And I’ll tell you what then and it is the example of drilling, that entire medical command just kicked in including a 0-6 that morning, the dependent community– We have an Army reserve medical blood unit from Provo, Utah, remember the staff sergeant, and they kick in place. (24:24) We are drawing blood and again these Americans are just jumping in, civilians and all of us we all got poked, we didn’t have a choice if we were in uniform but the civilians, the dependents they did. So we established an enormous blood bank, within four hours of notification of that bombing we had our command teams heading out. So those were– They were chaplains, psychologists, and social workers, their job is to get down there and stabilize the force, everything’s okay. Eight hours we had our first medical and these were– It was an eight hour flight, not quite that long but our first responders– Again if this were any other place we would need medical capability, the stabilization was done with the military there. So within about 16 hours we started bringing stabilized casualties back to Landstuhl, my recollection is about 350 wounded– Again 19 wonderful Americans were killed by those Islamic bastards. We brought about 240 back to Landstuhl and again these are young most– A lot of females, Air Force, most of them are 19, 20, 21, traumatic blast injuries their faces, traumatic amputations. They were stabilized, we didn’t lose a single patient, and returned to duty– About half of them returned to duty within 30 days and the rest of them came back to �Kenyon, Steve CONUS, contiguous United States, to our medical centers. Eisenhower at Fort Knox, Bethesda, and Watler Reed at that time– Walter Reed and Bethesda are now one facility, they all survived they all– It was a tremendous sense of accomplishment and doing what we’re paid to do or trained to do or wanted to do, it was a great experience. Americans– We were joint service by the way there at Landstuhl so we were Air Force, Navy, Army and wow they did good, I was proud of them. Interviewer: “Now how long did you wind up staying in Germany?” That ended up again we got cut loose early, we were about five months because again things stabilized we, you know the commander in chief– European command, front loaded that mission and that’s the way to do it, go in with overwhelming force you can always scale back. I was mobilized again for Operation Enduring Freedom, Afghanistan and then– Actually located at Sheridan, Illinois it’s some good stuff. Interviewer: “Okay, so again we kind of back up here, ‘86 you’re over in Germany did you ever get–” (27:07) ‘96. Interviewer: “ ‘96–” Yes sir. Interviewer: “And then did you ever get to Bosnia itself or did you just stay in Germany and things came to you?” The latter, yeah again we were forward– Our assignment was to move into Bosnia, I would’ve moved in there as the medical OIC and delays and delays and delays, there were choke points, we had our logistical tail, is what we call it, the tooth to tail ratio. The tooth being the warfighters and the trigger pullers, and the tail is everybody else supporting that literally got bogged down so �Kenyon, Steve we kept getting delays on our line of demarcation, I’m missing some of the acronyms. Eventually got to the point not necessary, not necessary so we stayed back and did a lot of good and then released early. Interviewer: “And you were essentially replacing people who had been stationed there who had been sent forward.” Exactly, active duty. Interviewer: “So you’re seeing how that whole sequence goes basically, okay.” You know we had another at that time, coincidentally to today, we had another series of events with North Korea where we had response forces– As I recall some of our forces were heading to North– Or South Korea and Vietnam we were staffing up medical there because it looked like something could pop, interesting yeah. Interviewer: “Okay and then what does your unit do or not do at the time of the Gulf War?” (28:40) Yeah time of the Gulf War, okay so I’m in medical group is right here in Grand Rapids, Michigan 334th Medical Group so we had– That’s a command control by an O6, I was the– Became the executive officer who’s the number two guy, I was also logistics before the S4 and S3. Gulf war, I was detachment commander at that time so I had a lower rank, I was a captain– No, I was a major but anyways we had four combat support hospitals and 13 other units, air ambulance, ground ambulance, preventative medicine, catch the control, all allied units. So we had to spin up three of those combat support hospitals from one in Michigan, one in Ohio, one in Wisconsin, one in Indiana. We spun them up to head to the Persian Gulf War along with a lot of the– So about a third of all of our troops got spun up, almost half. Most backfilled facilities in the U.S– We took the combat support hospitals and the deployed as one unit to the Persian Gulf, and again I would’ve headed forward too we had all of our contingency plans, we never got to that point cause 100 hours that ground war was done. So you know everybody starts moving back but �Kenyon, Steve again a good experience, we really saw– We actually saw some negative things during that period of time too and I should reflect on that. Most of it was positive but we did see– There’s all the positive things and of course the Persian Gulf War long long overdue with welcoming those troops back with victory and my goodness our Vietnam war veterans that was the parade it was more of them then it was for– I mean it felt good and we have done such good things since all the way to today. On the lessons learned side we did go through a period there where we had certain officers in the– And with all due respect, largely in the medical side we had reserve forces, again our bang for the buck with reserve forces about 11% of the budget, the defense budget, but 50% of the capability. When we look at medical 80% of our medical capability is in reserve and guard. So we had– We called up a lot of physicians and said “Okay, Uncle Sam needs you.” We had pushback to a certain extent, and this happened in other branches too, but we had others say “Woah woah woah, I like the weekend pay, I like doing something exciting but I didn’t sign up to go to war.” You know the rest of us are saying this is– We’ve been scrimmaging forever we want to get in the game, we want to do what we’ve been trained to do. So there were individuals who truly at a minimum I would say were disgraceful, and the Army dealt with that in a good way just let others go and but we reformed things after that an reinforced and that’s when our Army reserve and our guard, so our seven reserve– Five reserve forces and two guard, air guard and Army guard. (32:15) We became, and wonderful thing, we are a strategic reserve, we were operational reserve during the Cold War, you know we could slowly get back into backfill, we had a year to get geared up. Operational, or strategic reserve now, there are things– Military police, 98% of our– Or not military police, civil affairs 98% of the capability is in reserve and guard staffs and those are American men and women in uniform that sometimes get two days notice and they go and they’re ready to go. It’s a huge success story, fun to be part of it. Interviewer: I think in some ways what you have going on is a long period when you weren’t doing a whole lot or deploying people and so forth and you can get that kind of peacetime military mindset and people can go in only with only for the personal reasons maybe and not really thinking about actually having to go someplace.” Yes. �Kenyon, Steve Interviewer: “And since much more recently there has been more activity, more deployments, more people sent more places it’s more part of the package.” It’s a mindset. Interviewer: “And you also learn the ropes and you learn from experience and so got that there.” Yeah, you know it gets back to volunteers, we’re volunteers in the military and again prior to 1972 when we had the draft and the same Americans, the most courageous and honorable, best and brightest were the force– Have always been the force, they are today and by the grace of God and our inspiration I’m very confident they will be going forward but the mindset now, and some of things I’m involved in too, to get off not on a sale pitch here but, employers part of the guards reserve, DOD committee again a culture where American– All American employers understand and support and value the military service of their civilian employees. (34:10) Prior service veterans, current service members of guard and reserve units, future members who may say “I want to join because I can protect America.” So the mindset that we have now for instance in the Army reserve is, you come in the Army reserve plan on it one year out of five you are in– It’s called Army reserve force generation, we are in the box and every unit in a perfect rotation. You start out in year one crawling, you’re getting your individual education starting to assemble the team, you get into year three and you start scrimmaging, go through all your battle drills and so forth, become a team, year four you’re validated you can do your job. Year five you are the quick reaction force so employers– And literally for our guard, our Michigan guard right now, guard members from all over the United State helping Americans in Florida and very soon, and boy I’ll tell you talk about good soldiers, I worked with them, The Puerto Rican Army National Guard there’s two brigades there, those are some of America’s finest, we’re deploying people to go down there to help Americans– So as I say with the Army reserve force generation model when you’re in year five you tell your family, you tell your employer “We are the only ones standing between the enemy hurting you, it’s us.” So boss, honey, kids any day now I’m– If the balloon goes up, so to speak, I’m going. I’m trained, my team’s trained, we’re ready, we’re the �Kenyon, Steve quick reaction force and we will go get through that fifth year, now you’re in your one of that cycle which means unlikely and you work on all the skill building again but reality is anybody can go at any time, wars are short. Interviewer: “Well you can have [overlapping chatter] and you can have extended conflicts in certain corners of the world and maybe you need more people.” Yeah, exactly and again back to these skills, these skills sets that we bring to the act of force with our reserve and guard we’re tough, and we’re good, and we love America and we’re ready to go and you know it’s pride, it’s pride from the inside not– And a lot of values with the sad things going on in America today, those that, you know that don’t respect the flag, that don’t understand what you and I know. American blood is red, and it’s a deep color of red it’s American red and 99% of the DNA in that blood is the exact same. We’re brothers and sisters in arms and, you know God you think of the sacrifices and heroes don’t talk, any blabbermouth talks about how great they are, heroes no. Those that didn’t come back and those that came back with casualties they’re the heroes. So to disrespect our flag it’s just a sad thing and it drains energy, to be respectful and part of this force, realizing the blessings of liberty, justice, honor, opportunity that have been earned by the blood sweat and tears of America’s most courageous and honorable, best and brightest. (37:35) Being earned today must be earned in the future, we’re a force for good. Interviewer: “Okay, let’s steer ourselves back now into your own service career here. So you’ve been out to Germany to support Bosnia, you have been organizing units and so forth to go into the Gulf War and then you get– We talked about that was before Bosnia and so we’re–” I got a couple other, other good things. Yeah, you know for me Jim I actually– And it’s a blessing, my experience as an enlisted soldier and as a commissioned officer pretty unique, in the old days we used to categorize our Army units as combat, those are the trigger pullers that’s our Special Forces, our infantry, our armor. Combat support, military police, engineers on and on. Combat service support, logistics, now we call that sustainment, we use some different terms �Kenyon, Steve now but for me actually very unique, I’ve been in all three categories. So I’ve been medical, I’ve been infantry battalion commander, the 1st Battalion 339 Infantry Regiment, polar bears, American North Russian Expeditionary Force World War I, World War II part of General Mark Clark’s 5th Army, deployed my troop– My troop is deployed to Iraq, two soldiers and they have moms they have families. Specialist Donald R McCune, 20 years old from Chelsea, Michigan killed in action in Iraq– Presenting the flag to his mother and his brother and sister. Staff Sergeant Todd Cornell from Chippewa Falls outside of Milwaukee, in fact Fort McCoy the noncommissioned officer academy of Fort McCoy the building is named after Staff Sergeant Cornell, he was killed in action in Fallujah, seven of my troops wounded there. So I had the infantry experience, Army commander general staff college is post graduate education for us. That’s the major school so I went through it at Fort Leavenworth and then I was selected to become an instructor so I taught fundamentals of warfare, leadership– I’m a student of leadership, servant leadership, and then history, military history World War II to present which you and I have a love of history. So I did that and then mission command– I do wanna talk about one other very exciting medical mission, but a battle command and mission command the 75th Division out of Houston Texas, the Great Lakes division at Fort Sheridan, Illinois just south of Great Lakes Naval Air Station or Naval Station I should say and north of Chicago. (40:25) By the way for everybody who wants to watch this the history, the beauty of Fort Sheridan which is now demobilized– Interviewer: “Or deactivated, whatever you call it.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Decommissioned maybe.” Yeah BRAC, base realignment and closing, so what started as 700 acres is now the Sheridan Army reserve center which is Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine corps, Guard about 150 acres including very uniquely the AFRICOM– It’s the security, intelligence security, I’ll think of the acronym here in a minute but they had uniquely it’s right there at Fort Sheridan but the old base is now the town of Fort Sheridan, it’s a national historic landmark absolutely gorgeous, beautiful. �Kenyon, Steve The general’s homes there they’re $8 million homes in the civilian sector right on Lake Michigan, it’s pretty. So I did those things but I wanted to get back to one other medical mission in 2000, I was the OIC for what was called medical readiness training exercise med-red 0-2-5-26 six months of planning, we deployed to Honduras in September and I was advanced party I did about five weeks there but Hurricane Mitch went through the peninsula in 1996, wiped out Honduras about 60,000 people killed the rivers, the infrastructure wiped it out. American military comes through the Army National Guard engineering they rebuilt the highways, they rebuilt the schools, they do all these other things and then we have a series of medical missions, these medical readiness training missions scattered mostly Army reserve units across the United states one month at a time. We deployed there and so we had a medical team, a dental team, and a veterinary team and again moved into– Well Soto Cano Air Base which my good friend Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North was stationed there previously, Comayagua was the town and right in central Honduras. Soto Cano Air Base Drunk Task Force Bravo we’re the medical element of Drunk Task Force Bravo so we went, over that period of time we did eight missions with– We were truck born with our humvees and our five tons– Seven tons, let me tell you what the humvee can do, man we went across rivers that were three feet deep and over rocks and sand and on and on and then we were airlifted active duty chinook CH-47s took us into remote Indian villages to provide care. Again, fascinating, dangerous place dramatically more dangerous now sadly. (43:20) We had good old United States Marines as our security force, eight good marines led by a staff sergeant but the key thing there we went in there and these beautiful Hondurans and you know we go over there thinking we’re these great American professionals vets, docs, medics and we’re gonna– We’re coming down there to take care of you and you know we were humbled pretty darn quickly, those beautiful people who live simple and God fearing wonderful folks, we all came out of there– And by the way and so I had to link this all together, we linked up with American Peace Corps volunteers in these villages several church relief groups because we needed language skills and all of the logistical which we sent that up ahead of time but it was a fascinating sense of accomplishment. We all came back humbled, we’re the ones that were blessed by that experience and we did do good too and then we passed the flag to the next unit and you know it’s sad what’s going on in Venezuela since and so forth, and again Hondura, narcotics it’s just it’s a dangerous damn place and that’s sad because those people are good people. So that was great experience, loved it, saw people perform. �Kenyon, Steve Interviewer: “Where were you when 9/11 happened?” Yes sir, I was…2011 Interviewer: “Well 2001 we hope.” 2001 rather, yeah 2001 we think– You know it’s funny I remember exactly where I was as a civilian, I was in a meeting with a customer and happened to have that– You know for a break here let me think real quick, yeah. Yeah I was back to the medical group in Grand Rapids and now I’m the executive officer of the medical group. So again we’re spinning up units, very quickly after that I moved into the– Like 2004 I’m infantry and then we start sending troops but 2001 yeah I was– Or 2001 rather, with a medical group so we didn’t send any units overseas cause Afghanistan is pretty much quick reaction force, you know it takes a while. Of course we have nothing in Iraq until 2003, 2004 I’m an infantry commander 339th and then, you know, we are sending. I had, yeah 60 troops forwards and then– No, let me take that back, about 25 troops forward during those two years, another 60 troops mobilize across the united states and we actually we were the round out battalion for the 29th Infantry Division which was the school, the infantry school at Fort Benning. (46:30) There’s three battalions active duty, we were the reserve last battalion, the interesting thing and those who, you know listening to this who have experience in the military, we were a very rank heavy unit at 293 soldiers in fours states. So Five companies, headquarters, and Alpha Company in Fraser, Michigan near Warren, Bravo Company was in Richmond, Indiana an hour east of Indianapolis, Charlie Company was Milkwaukee and Delta Company was Waukegan, Illinois and as a battalion commander lieutenant colonel I had my command sergeant major and my staff, I had 14 full time personnel, active guards observe in uniform and a couple of– One civilian and I had 18 master sergeants, E8s, that’s huge. I had 105 sergeants first class and you know 80 or so 70 assists had forced I think 11 specialists– That is an upside down unit and the reason was we were the committee battalion so all of my troops moved to Fort Benning and they were committee chiefs. Everything from United States minds to basic rifle marksmanship, medical training, fuel navigation, mortars, Bradley infantry fighting vehicles. So they were the committee chiefs that moved down there and �Kenyon, Steve then they actually had active duty subordinate training, it’s a fascinating mission and as I say then two killed in action in Iraq and seven wounded so we were part of the force and we did good. Interviewer: “When you made the transition into infantry did you have to do an infantry school at some point or had you done that earlier?” I had, yeah I already had infantry basic done yeah. So it was actually– Again for those who may be informed more than the common duck on this subject, it was called a branch in material, we were an infantry battalion, training battalion ITB technically, infantry training battalion. Not a go to war infantry unit– We did go to war as, in pieces not as an entire unit but again what was supposed to– So many times happened to me and happened to other units there’s plans– Worst case scenario, plan on this and then things don’t happen. So we initially were going to deploy to Iraq, train in the Iraqi infantry as a unit and quite frankly, you know I mean there was a lot of disappointment we wanted to do that, I sure as heck wanted to do it we were ready. Then the next base was we were going to deploy to Fort Benning as a battalion, truly rounding out. Fort Benning’s mission didn’t expand as quickly as they thought so we did deploy a company there and then some of our troops went to Fort Bliss to Fort Hood, had some at Fort Jackson, all doing infantry training in subsets at those. (49:40) A lot to watch, a lot to watch over and I had just a fantastic staff and Command Sergeant Major Paul Bianco, I will throw his name out he was phenomenal. He went on– Actually was the youngest command sergeant major in the Army reserve at the time, he went on to the 84th– 85th Division, Custer Division, he went from battalion command sergeant major to the command sergeant major for a two star general. He mad a jump I don’t think has ever happened before he was a heck of a– Interviewer: “Okay so he started at brigade level and went up to division level.” Sure did, police officer in Kalamazoo, phenomenal guy, love Paul haven’t seen him in a couple years he’s now retired. Wonderful mentor, he went on and, you know, just he molded good troops and good men and there was a whole lot of others I could talk about, let me tell you good people. �Kenyon, Steve Interviewer: “Okay, alright so to kind of go back in your own career so during what period of time were you the infantry battalion commander?” That was 2004 to 2006 June of ‘04 to February of 2000– August of 2006. Interviewer: “And then what did you do after that?” Then I went into retired reserves actually, combination of things, job heavy duty and again this isn’t a theme you know these twice the citizen, these members of our garden reserve, one of our examples is a three legged stool, you know we all– For most good people family comes first and then who puts bread on the table? Civilian employer and then affiliation with Army reserve, Army Guard, Air Guard, Air reserve, Naval reserve, Coast Guard reserve, Marine Corps reserve, you know that’s our– That fills out our extra 20 hours on a 70 hour work week and we miss weddings and we miss mother’s day and we miss children’s birthdays and all those other things, it’s tough. So when push comes to shove if family says “Make a decision.” Most of us say “Okay family, I love you.” It’s family. When an employer, either based on ignorance or worse, says “Make a decision.” Well, okay and you know we can’t afford to do that, we can’t because the same stellar performance in the civilian sector the same stellar performance in uniform, the occasional dead wood, poor performers that we have in the civilian sector if they’re in uniform we try to get rid of them as soon as possible cause they’re the same dead wood. (52:17) Most are in that higher third band where they’re trying hard and they’re doing well so yeah I had that happening, had lost– My daughter Elizabeth had died, that was a tough thing to go through, company knew I was in the natural gas business working for a wonderful company called Charlevoix Energy Trading Company which has since been bought out, I was a natural gas wellhead gas sales and fastenall the big industry institutions in Michigan but boy I’ll tell you it was tough, I was the senior guy, I had to give up. So I went into retired reserve and wanted to come back and certain things happened and I came back in then in 2010 and right into the 75th Division battle command and that’s where I finished off those last four years, loved it. Interviewer: “So you were basically a staff officer with them?” �Kenyon, Steve I was the deputy branch chief for what the–Again the military we’re always changing designations and acronym and things like that but we were battle command training division with five brigades in the United States. My brigade was at Fort Sheridan with a branch in Livonia, that term changed from battle command to mission command, the brigade changed to Great Lakes Division but what we essentially did, 75th Division is the executive agency for this training which is best thought of as scrimmaging. Before units deployed to Kosovo, Afghan– We had Kosovo missions, Afghanistan , AFRICOM missions, military– Or multinational peacekeeping Sinai, so we have a variety and then Kosovo, big, Afghanistan Iraq. So what we would do before a unit deployed back to this process of validating, it’s like getting your driver’s test for a unit and we would work with staff at our level and then below battalion they’d be in the field but what we’d do is we’d take them through what was called command posts, culminating training exercises, Kosovo as an example and I headed up a lot of those. They would see in 14 days of heavy duty training– Did a lot of it at camp Atterbury, very historic base south of Indianapolis, Fort McCoy, Fort Bragg, Fort Hood, Texas and El Paso. We would take a unit through 14 days of stress, so they would be deployed into Kosovo in this one example a 12 month rotation to Kosovo, in 14 days of simulation they would see six months of activity to stress them out, to see that that staff could use muscle memory to do their jobs and they came out sweating, and so did we because we were exhausted, and so I was the deputy branch chief for– During those four years, for most of those four years. (55:25) So I wasn’t the commander, I was the commander’s executive officer, and again fascinating, in charge of everything and I did both active duty mobilized I was mobilized in 2010 through 2011 and then back in reserve duty. Again you know common themes here Jim, just good people working hard for a great cause and you know the camaraderie, the sense of satisfaction, just you know when we see old glory flying we– There’s reverence, we just think “Wow, that means a lot.” Interviewer: “And what you’re doing with a unit like this a lot of the times you hear from the people who do deploy and go overseas and so they talk about the training sessions and programs they go through and the places they go and of course somebody’s got to be there on those bases doing those things and running the programs they’re actually in as you’re �Kenyon, Steve filling in actually a lot for a lot of these other stories in terms of how that larger system works and you tend to talk about the size of the tail versus–” The tooth, exactly yes indeed. Interviewer: “The tooth and that’s really all part of this big picture so that helps us to get a lot of that. Now today you’re kind of retired reserves so there’s still the remote possibility you could be called up for the next couple of years?” Well yes some of us think it is the hopeful call, I mean we want– I’m ready to go. So on this subject just real quick and this kind of gets into other less known realities for civilians and even people in uniform. Active duty retirement, 20 years of active federal service, a sailor, soldier, or marine, can start drawing retired pay right away and they are then of course, well they’re coming out at 20 years old, the actuary tables say they don’t get much because they’d be drawing forever. So similarly with reserve, and of course it’s one military whether you’re Navy, Army it’s all the same thing so reserve retirements likewise earned at 20 years– Oh and by the way this kind of gets back to again respecting, understanding, saluting those who served, 18 years of active federal service is zero retirement, 18 and a half years and there’s a couple of things, there’s– And again part of our job is– And I’ve experienced this one time, one of the toughest things I ever had to do when I was an infantry battalion commander is I had to– And this is a hell of a long, grinding, tough process but I had to kick a soldier out of the unit at 18 years, out of the United States Army and deny that female soldier a retirement cause it was necessary based on a whole lot of insubordination and all kinds of problem but likewise Army reserves that duty. (58:22) 16 years of 20 if you work for a corporation 16 years of a 20 year retirement or 30 year retirement is still worth some money that you can get and put into a 401k. That’s not the case in the military, you gotta cross the finish line that’s 20 years and you get something, all of us in the military, special it’s called the 20 year letter. As a kid I remember my dad talking about it “What? 20 year letter?” It’s that document, it's like a diploma that says you’ve got it, you’ve got it. Now do you keep on serving, do you add to that value, yes or no? So with– So again the difference between active duty and reserve for our reservist– And this kind of gets also back into respecting what they do and Army reservists who serve for 25 years or Naval reservist whatever, �Kenyon, Steve 25 years and then decide, you know if they’re enlisted they don’t get to just say goodbye until that enlistment contract anniversary, if you’re an officer you request retirement– Another thing with an officer we have– If we resign our commission we cut the strings, we also cut cost of living advance, but we cut the strings Uncle Sam cannot call us back. Most of us do not do that we go into retired reserve activity which means we will go if necessary and there’s a benefit to that. So a reservist though normally does not get to start drawing their retired pay until age 60, so there’s a lot of Navy reservists who retired at the age of 40 and they have to wait 20 years and guess what? They may not make that 20 years, there’s a survivor benefit program where a survivor’s spouse can get 55% but a lot of people don’t. So in my case now– And this is another really good thing that President Bush, George W. President Bush initiated changing our retirement system and now President Donald Trump is doing wonderful, wonderful things for the military and for America in furthering this but allowing active duty service mobilizations to provide a potential earlier retirement date gets into also the post 9/11 G.I bill where we can give our benefits to our children or our spouse, good, good things, long overdue. President Trump just recently enhanced this wonderfully, it’s good. So in my case to make a long story short I will, and there’s technical dating in there but, I’ll be able to start drawing retirement at age 59 versus 60. Benefits don’t hit until age 60, medical benefits along with some of those other things but– Oh no we don’t do it for the money Jim, we do not do it for the money, but that’s kind of nice we do get a little money out of it. (1:01:18) Interviewer: “We’re just to the very end of the particular tape which is about to shut off–” Yes sir. Interviewer: “But I think we managed to get you right down to the end of your career so thank you very much for taking the time to share the story.” It’s a pleasure. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KenyonS2154V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kenyon, Steven P. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09 Title A name given to the resource Kenyon, Steven (Interview transcript and video), 2028 Description An account of the resource Steve Kenyon was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1960 where he graduated high school and attended Grand Rapids Community College. Kenyon then went onto Michigan State University before attending law school. He also went into the natural gas business before enlisting into the Army. He agreed to an eight-year service obligation as an Army medic with the 394th Station Hospital in Grand Rapids. For Basic Training, he was sent to Fort Knox, Kentucky, in July of 1980 during which he became a Platoon Leader for his training platoon. After Basic, Kenyon was transferred back to Grand Rapids where he graduated from community college and went onto Michigan State University and its Army Reserve Officer Training Course. Kenyon graduated from Michigan State in 1982 before attending Cooley Law School. Furthermore, he previously underwent Officer Basic Training Course at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. At the 394th Station Hospital, he served as a Commissioned Officer, and later as the S1 Personnel Officer, before transferring to the Army Field Artillery. He was reassigned and briefly served with the 4th Battalion, 20th Field Artillery Regiment. For his first mobilization, Kenyon deployed to Germany during the conflict in Bosnia in April of 1996 as the Operations Officer for 370 medical personnel. His men also assisted medical efforts following the Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia. For his second mobilization, Kenyon deployed to Afghanistan with the 334th Medical Group as an Executive Officer during the Persian Gulf War. During one Medical Readiness Training Exercise in 2000, Kenyon was sent to Soto Cano Air Base in Honduras following the destruction of Hurricane Mitch where his unit participated in aid parties sent to remote villages. Kenyon later transferred to the infantry between 2004 and 2006 where he became a Battalion Commander for the reserve 339th Regiment, 29th Infantry Division. While he never deployed to Iraq, he did undergo training in an Infantry Training Battalion and organized the deployments of several companies overseas, as well as to other training centers. From there, he entered the Army Retired Reserve so he could be closer to his family while also resuming work within Michigan’s energy industry. However, wanting back into the military in 2010, Kenyon completed his last four years of service with the 75th Innovation Command as the Deputy Branch Chief, or the Commander’s Executive Officer. After leaving the Active Duty, he remained in the Retired Reserves. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings Other veterans & civilians—Personal narratives, American Vietnam War, 1961-1975—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/63decf8c549a2f2764e91fee7ba18b34.jpg 5f9332660b2482937e7faaa8c1677f8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_2_1909-1911_87 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911-08-14 Title A name given to the resource Kepler Cascades Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Kepler Cascades, Yellowstone National Park. Subject The topic of the resource Yellowstone National Park Wyoming Waterfalls Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b1dfae166fe48c1398ebec6ef6d4f331.m4v a5254687118e05c71efdd2b9a221a140 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7a3290871b556825977b6200bb98de31.pdf b1e5c8a058779fb1083c97ea61822638 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Arthur Kerkstra World War II 58 minutes 53 seconds (00:00:12) Early Life -Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1924 -Grew up in Grand Rapids -Father was a gardener -Had four sisters -Doesn't remember too much of the Great Depression, but knew it was a tough time -Father had steady work during the Depression -Had an uncle on welfare -Uncle was ashamed of that and didn't want people to know he was on welfare -Went to Ottawa Hills High School then transferred to Davis Technical School -Played basketball in high school -Graduated in 1943 -Graduated in March 1943 because so many young men were going to serve (00:02:42) Start of the War -When Pearl Harbor happened he remembers the paper boys selling newspapers in the afternoon -The attack came as a shock to him -Didn't know much about the fighting already happening in Europe and Asia -Wanted to enlist in the Navy shortly after Pearl Harbor -Father did not approve -Reasons being that Arthur could not swim, and he would get drafted eventually -Proved true when Arthur did get drafted -Had no idea how long the war would last -Knew that it was a serious conflict though (00:05:15) Basic Training -Got drafted in March 1943 and reported for basic training shortly thereafter -Sent to Camp Butner, North Carolina for basic training -Had no idea what to expect -Drill sergeants were good -Remembers one drill sergeant, Sergeant Peters, who had been in the Army for a while -Learned how to do hand-hand combat -On certain days went on marches outside of the camp -Started off with 4 miles, then 12 miles, and finally 25 miles -Carried 80 pound backs �-Received weapons training with the M1 Garand -Went on the rifle range -First time he ever held a gun -Awkward at first, but he adjusted -Wound up being certified as a Sharpshooter (00:08:54) Mortar Training & Assignment to the 78th Infantry Division -Transferred to a mortar unit at Camp Butner -Received mortar training -Had men carry the shells, one man carried the baseplate, and the other man the tube and tripod -Once they reached their assigned location they put together the mortar -Fix the tube to the baseplate for stability, attach tripod to tube for aiming -Learned how to zero in a target with the mortar -Fired one round past the target, one round short of target, and one hopefully on target -Adjusted well to the Army -Homesick at first, but got over it -Stayed at Camp Butner for a year -Basic training lasted two monts -Subsequent ten months were spent training and preparing for deployment -Assigned to the 78th Infantry Division (00:11:22) Deployment to the European Theatre -Deployed in spring 1944 -Shipped out of Boston on a Liberty Ship -Held two thousand men -Went over as a part of a convoy -Had destroyers and destroyer-escorts protecting them from U-Boats -Had no U-Boat scares -Thought he was seasick -Turned out to be appendicitis -Had his appendix removed on the ship -Had to be strapped to the operation table and the doctor tied to the table -This was so that everyone was secure during the operation -Pulled into Liverpool, England -Had to be carried off the ship because he was still recovering from the operation -Sent to a hospital in England to recover more -Heard the planes going over on the eve of D-Day -Knew the invasion of Europe had begun -Medical personnel wanted servicemen healed and back into combat as soon as possible -Units needed replacements and the hospital needed the space (00:17:25) Joining the 4th Infantry Division -Joined the 4th Infantry Division in France shortly after D-Day -He left the hospital and went over to France on a Landing Ship, Tank (LST) -Sailed from southern England to France -Dropped off in the water and had to wade ashore at Normandy �-Saw piles of gas masks on the beach -GIs learned that gas attacks were not a threat, so they discarded their masks -Got to Omaha Beach roughly one week after the invasion -Saw abandoned German bunkers and bodies in the water -Not too much debris on the beach -4th Infantry Division was trying to advance into France to link up with paratroopers (00:21:21) Fighting in France -Fought in St. Lo -After St. Lo had to fight through the hedgerow country -Germans pulled back to St. Lo on D-Day and were holding their position there -80,000 German soldiers in the St. Lo area -They surrounded the Germans and laid siege to St. Lo and the surrounding area -Mid-July 1944 -Killed any Germans that tried to escape -Germans eventually surrendered -Fired so many mortars that the tube was red hot -Despite the strategic advantage they still lost a lot of men -After St. Lo they advanced through the hedgerows -Had to take one hedgerow at a time -Slow advance mixed with retreats -Fought against well-trained German soldiers and had to deal with lone snipers in buildings -Initially had to fight without tanks -Tanks were eventually brought in and able to help them with the advance -Took part in the liberation of Paris in August 1944 -Had to wait four hours for General Patton so he could go into the city first -They rode on the backs of tanks into the city -Parisians greeted them in the streets and threw bottles of wine to them as gifts -Bivouacked in the city dump -Mayor of Paris gave GIs shots of alcohol as personal thanks for the liberation -Remembers the Parisians were joyous that they had been liberated -Crossed the Seine River -Germans had destroyed the bridges spanning the river -Meant they had to cross the river on boats -Engineers eventually set up temporary bridges so vehicles could cross too -Advanced northwest -Encountered sporadic German resistance -Held up their advance -Once in a while ran into SS units backed up by Panzer (tank) units (00:30:06) Fighting in Belgium & Germany -Entered Belgium in fall 1944 (specifically September) -Encountered some German resistance -Entered the Hurtgen Forest on the Belgian-German border in November 1944 -Faced stiff resistance from the Germans and had to get replacements �-He lost half of his replacements en route to the frontline -Lost a lot of men in the Hurtgen Forest -Got assigned to be a rifleman on the front line (00:34:03) Getting Wounded -Got wounded in late November 1944 in the Hurtgen Forest -Had dug a big foxhole that three or four men could sit in -Had been in it for three, or four, days -Objective was to repel the German counter-attack -Got cut off for two days until help arrived -They were on the eastern edge of the Hurtgen Forest near a German town -Every day they dug the foxhole a little deeper -Covered it with logs and sand to protect them from artillery -Thought they were pretty safe -Rotated where they sat because some parts of the foxhole were safer -An artillery shell hit their foxhole -One man was killed immediately, Arthur and his best friend, Leo, were severely wounded (00:37:29) Recovery -He and Leo were evacuated to a first aid station -From the first aid station they were moved to a series of aid stations in France -Leo eventually died from his wounds -Spent a couple days at each station -Transported by ambulance to a hospital in France -Requested a minister because he thought he was going to die -Took a plane to England -Doctors operated on both of his legs to remove the shrapnel -Placed in traction to pull his legs back to their proper shape -In England for three months recovering (00:40:40) Coming Home -Returned to the United States in February 1945 -Pulled into New York Harbor -Got to see the Statue of Liberty -Placed on a train and went to a hospital in Battle Creek, Michigan Most likely Percy Jones Army Hospital -Stayed in the hospital for fifteen or sixteen months -Gradually recovering and receiving physical therapy -Parents were allowed to visit him (00:43:04) End of the War -Couldn't believe the war in Europe was over when Germany surrendered -Remembers it was a joyous time, but muted because of Japan's persistence -People went crazy when Japan surrendered -Remembers people in the street celebrating the end of the war -Strangers hugged and kissed each other -Everybody was ecstatic that the war was over and life could return to normal (00:45:42) Living Conditions, Contact with Home, and Contact with Civilians �-Food was bad sometimes -Had to eat rations when they were in the field -Slept in foxholes in the field -Some men slept in occupied buildings, but he never did that -Difficult to write letters home -Didn't want to upset his mother who was a fragile woman -Had very little contact with civilians -Once in a while went through a small town and saw some people -Remembers a little girl giving him a pin when they passed through a town -As of 2015 still has that pin (00:49:33) End of Service -Got discharged in April 1946 -Spent the rest of his time in the Army recovering in Battle Creek -Met his future wife in January 1946 -Allowed to visit home after a while -Medical personnel encouraged visits home -Felt it would help soldiers readjust to being civilians -Got discharged at Fort Custer, Michigan in April 1946 (00:51:21) Life after the War -Only weighed ninety eight pounds when he left the Army -Proposed to his future wife in March 1946 -Wanted to get married in the summer of 1946 -Mother-in-law advised they wait at least a year so they could get more established -Took the advice and prepared more for the wedding -Got married in June 1947 -Took some night classes through the University of Michigan -Used the GI Bill -Got a job as a time keeper at a factory in Grand Rapids -Keeping track of how much workers worked and how quickly they worked -Worked that job for a few years before getting into sales -Sat at the window at night and heard German planes going over -PTSD caused by the combat he saw -Had children after the war -Leo's parents came from Pennsylvania to talk with Arthur about their dead son -Leo had been their only child -Corresponded by letters for a few years (00:56:22) Reflections on Service & Honor Flight -Didn't take too much out of his time in the Army -Calls it a time of sickness -Reference to his appendicitis and wounded legs -Couldn't talk about his experiences for a while -Is now more open about his experiences, what he saw, and what he did -Going on the Talons Out Honor Flight in May 2015 has helped him open up -Enjoyed that trip and encourages all veterans to go on it �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_KerkstraA1857V Title A name given to the resource Kerkstra, Arthur (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-07-14 Description An account of the resource Arthur Kerkstra was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1924. In March 1943 he was drafted into the Army and was sent to Camp Butner, North Carolina for basic training. He received rifle training and later mortar training. He was stationed at Camp Butner for a year with the 78th Infantry Division before shipping out in spring 1944. En route to England he was treated for appendictis and was forced to stay behind while the rest of his division went ahead. He reached France a week after D-Day and joined the 4th Infantry Division. He fought in St. Lo, in the hedgerows, took part in the liberation of Paris in August 1944, and fought in Belgium and the Hurtgen Forest. He was wounded in late November 1944 and was eventually evacuated to the United States. He received treatment in Battle Creek, Michigan and was discharged at Fort Custer, Michigan in April 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kerkstra, Arthur Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jones, Adam (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/90d854782d167eb850b3912bbb23fb85.mp4 6b6a5800a886690db4eaa956bf80b6b6 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aabbea770882776be2a33a25d37b1271.pdf 3acd7a32ac0a627023cd27dd90661ea4 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Fred Kerkstra (00:35:10) (00:10) Background Information • • • • Fred was born in Byron Center, Michigan in 1923 and grew up on a farm Fred did not go to high school and began helping his father with the farm after grade school He heard the news of Pearl Harbor on the radio, but had not worried about getting drafted Fred was drafted into the Army in February of 1943 (2:30) Training • • • • • He was sent to Fort Custer in Battle Creek, MI and then told that he was going to be sent into the Army Air Corps, rather than the infantry, because they were short on gunners Fred traveled to Miami, Florida for basic training for three months He then went to Colorado for gunnery and armory training and then back to Florida for advanced training They went through training in planes, shooting at targets in B-25s and A-20s Fred was a tale-gunner and trained all together for 13 months (8:00) Leaving the United States • Fred was assigned to a plane crew of five other men; a pilot, co-pilot, bombardier, radio operator, turret gunner, and a tail gunner • They went to Hawaii for a few months and were not doing much work • They then went to Australia and continued to not do much • Fred enjoyed being in Australia and felt that the people were very nice (12:45) New Guinea • Fred was staying in a base near an airfield for three months and there were thunderstorms every day • On their missions they were mostly attacking Japanese planes and areas where ammunition was stored • Fred was hit only once out of the 40 missions he went on • They all flew for four months before the first plane was even hit (19:30) Moreton Island • Fred flew another ten missions near Indonesia and then took leave in Australia �• • • • • They were staying in tents in Luzon and attacking Chinese islands They had a crash landing in China during their last mission They crashed near a river bank and everyone was ok, but they were three hours away from the nearest America base The men stayed in a Chinese hotel and everyone was very nice to them It took them two weeks to get back to the base, then they flew in a B-29 back to Guam (27:50) The End of the War • Fred had enough points to stop flying missions and was sent back to the United States • He took leave for a month and then was sent to Santa Anna, California to start teaching classes, but never ended up doing so because the war had ended by the time he reached California �~. ����) ~.;/.c C:C?-o. 0-ey:;t0- --zf:.e /I/{/& ~1t'- <V.~- '-4~"",-_~ ~_l( )~j'-04"A~)-<' rt~~~:C2, /JL<.'L'1- ~j:[-i~,~'f~ ~f!~_ tttu> ~,~' i(;7~ ~~'C/£:~d?" r--yv-'~l P/(~V~ 7J--~­ '-'J-v~,~/' ~x- ~~~~~ ~r-n-,~~r ~,1-eJ ~.~ ~~ Vi/~/L ~/~'~ 4-d-~R ~t-cV''L/f!a--, {Lf~ L~1- ~ -it t2~~v."(f U~~;~ )~wrk ~ aJ!~ T;~ ~~~~~~~ d/_~{ ~ /gIl::v~~~ _2/~,,~ ~:&? ~/ ~_7,YrL.--st:tct/ G(, V\,~,\ ~ 4--~'-1- GL--4--- v r'-d/tf to-~~ ~:::~~'- /'\2-~'Y-.~'~""'~<--C:'<­ {r",.(,-~ ~~~V~-'-~~ ~) -Q.g-c.~u~-~ '~-~ O!--' ~Vl-- '/J-.J--~~(/K l.-v-O/J /~vC'Z-.,k-cf! ~v;t~ Cv ~,~ ;?k- ~ ~ ~- -v,'V 27:' e-{i~T ~~-c r--£;/~-r, ~~ ~T ~. .-~ .......~ 2-v ,-0U Ch"- /!~. 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'J =,-...--ti~ /f'~/k:'t( {~~d- o-~e-/~-cf0;,'~~, L-J'v'J /C/Vy\.-Gu C'-...G) -)-V'-e.. .-do-rJ-/vhro(f 'd-.--L.J!?£· ?or~. )".A.e.~ ~ f ~ ItYt-- ~-~ -3 -::l~c f~ '~.f<-' ~~;c:~ -I-; --''''''''<.-£2e, ~). .ci<-j(' ~ (reZ ~Ct:-- ~~ '.k Cu2-~~ o--c.~-, I ,.1 �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KerkstraF Title A name given to the resource Kerkstra, Fredrick (Interview outline, video, and papers), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kerkstra, Fredrick Description An account of the resource Fred Kerkstra was born in Byron Center, Michigan in 1923 and grew up on a farm. He was drafted in February of 1943 and sent to Fort Custer in Battle Creek, Michigan. At the time, the Army Air Corps was short on gunners and Fred and had been lucky enough to be transferred into the Air Corps. He trained for 13 months in Florida and Colorado and became a tail gunner on a B-25. Fred traveled to Hawaii, Australia, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Luzon, New Guinea, Guadalcanal, and Formosa. Fred went on 40 missions altogether while in the Pacific. Personal narrative of military service is appended interview outline. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Air Force World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-20 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d61f805458e9daa1d605bbb5185a0690.jpg 203c53355a2b0fc8efbaa5feaf8c2fce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00231 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1930 Title A name given to the resource Kerzerho alignment Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of two of the Kerzerho standing stones in alighment. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Megalithic monuments France Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/20611b7e788dd8c751698f31e1bec53f.jpg ae3f255eaf0e9bcc2b880ecba62cc61e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00232 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1930 Title A name given to the resource Kerzerho alignment rows Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of rows of Kerzerho standing stones in alignment. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Megalithic monuments France Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/56633af223e46292a26f2b48512f45cb.mp4 43143efa6ab44119f1b0a11f64e384a7 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1c88a5fe46be90623647803f675c3b72.pdf 7a5e5b4e95c0f3f44479eb0505c4f964 PDF Text Text Living With PFAS Interviewee: Kevin Elliot Interviewer: Dani DeVasto Date: October 17, 2021 DD: I’m Dani DeVasto, and - [Recording paused] chatting with doctor Kevin Elliot. Hi Kevin. KE: Hey. DD: Kevin, can you tell me about where you're from and where you currently live. KE: Sure, well originally I grew up near the Chicago area - in the suburbs. Currently I live in Okemos, Michigan, which is just to the east of east lansing where im a faculty member at michigan state university. DD: And how long have you been there? KE: I came in January of 2014, so I guess it's been about 7 and a half years. DD: Kevin, can you tell me a story about your experience with pfas or with pfas in your community? KE: Yeah, so um... I don't have a good story about PFAS in my community, but um, I have, over the past year been involved with the center for PFAS research at MSU, and then I’ve been on a, um, National Academy of Sciences Committee thats is trying to give guidance to clinicians as they work with people who are concerned about PFAS exposure. And I guess maybe just a story that might be of interest related to that is that we’ve been having these public sessions where people who have been dealing with PFAS exposure can share their experiences, and several of the sort of stories that I've heard through that have been some that are really striking to me. And um, I guess maybe i'll just say one general sort of reaction first then you can let me know if you want me to get more concrete. The general reaction that has just been striking to me as I hear from different people who have been saying, saying they have children who ended up with testicular cancer or you know, other sorts of effects, or um other people, you know, spouses who have been dealing with health effects is just how frustrated they've been, feeling like their um, the physicians they've been working with, haven't been very supportive or in some cases even kind of minimize the likelihood that PFAS contributed to the health problems. And of course, you know it is - you can't be sure what caused it. But it was just so surprising to me hearing about the disappointment they've had working with doctors that either don't know anything about �PFAS, which I can kind of understand. But then also, just plain kind of being dismissive and not wanting to be very helpful in exploring PFAS as a potential contributor to these problems. So that was really striking to me. DD: Can you maybe take a step back and talk a little bit about how you got to that point of having those conversations; some of your background in any context, I think that might be helpful. KE: Yeah, I mean It would be helpful to talk about sort of how I ended up, like, how this committee ended up forming, or like sort of my background in terms of my scholarship and stuff like that DD: Yes, yes. KE: Okay, I'll talk about it all. So i'm a philosopher of science and I uh, - I don't know how much nitty gritty to go into - I have a background in chemistry and then I got interested in philosophy, and so I ended up doing my PhD in the history of philosophy and science and alot of scholarship involved studying controversies about science, and especially environmental kind of areas of science, and um, especially environmental pollution. And so, I would sometimes look at the role of conflicts of interest in that science. How they all have different groups with different financial stakes or other personal stakes in scientific controversies or how harmful chemicals may be. So I'm interested in, sort of, what are the judgements that go into evaluating the science in trying to say, yeah we think this chemical is pretty harmful or no its not that big of a deal. So yeah, as a philosopher I dont do the hardcore science but I sort of reflect and look at the dates and try to understand why are there these disagreements, how do we handle the disagreements, how do we sort of address them responsibly and so on. So anyway, as part of that work, I have ended up getting a little bit connected with agencies like The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences which is part of the national institute of health. Which funds alot of our medical research in the US, and the national academy of sciences. I don't know if it's helpful for me to say what that is for folks, uh DD: Sure. KE: Folks watching this may not know so much, The National Academy of Sciences put together, actually back during the civil war, as um sort of an expert organization provided by [?] to the federal government. And so, It will create committees to address certain issues when government agencies want certain advice on things. Most of the time it would be science on these committees, um, and uh so I was a little surprised when I got a approached to see if I could serve on this particular committee, that um, was actually partly - trying to think of the right word - commission, I guess, by a branch of the center of disease control, the ATSDR, which is the �Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases [?] This is this group that helps deal with communities who are facing chemical exposures, pollution, spills [?]. And so they've provided advice to doctors in the past about how to deal with PFAS, but they've had pushback from communities feeling like the advice they've provided hasn't really been what they hoped for, communities feel like the current guidance isn't very supportive for them to be able to get tested for their exposure to PFAS, and it maybe doesn't - Yeah maybe just isn't as aggressive when accepting that their might be health effects from PFAS exposures as i think a lot of people in these communities would want. Anyways, so this community was put together and its mostly scientists, I was a little surprised as a philosopher that they asked me to be involved. But, I now understand why, because one of the things the committee asked to do is to provide principals for clinicians who are making decisions and providing advice under scientific uncertainty. I think they use the language of substantial scientific uncertainty. Scientists often don't really like having to provide advice in those kinds of situations. And it's just a tricky, tricky issue. So anyway, I think they realized maybe it'll be good to have someone like me on this committee, and I think it turned out to be a good move. So that's the background behind this, and I’m just blabbing away but as we got started, often it would just be us experts deliberating, and we ended up realizing this is so tightly connected with people's own experiences, maybe to be responsible, we really need to have some open town halls where we can hear from various people and communities who have had these experiences, and so that's where my story came from, that we’ve been hearing these [?] experiences, and that's probably what I’m most useful for sharing during this discussion. Because I don't have personal experiences but I’ve been struck by what I’ve heard from people. DD: Absolutely, were people something you were aware of before you started this project? How did you kind of come to be aware? KE: I was hearing about it a bit, just from you know interacting with other people in the university setting, um so I don't know exactly when I first heard of it, but I kept hearing little bits and pieces about it, and kind of got the sense, you know, i feel like the environmental health community will go through these waves where there will be this new big thing we realize, “Ah” This is a problem and there hasn't been enough work on it, then you know maybe it dies down, or it maintains attention and something else will come up that we realize, so I just kept hearing bits and pieces about it and thinking wow maybe this is a significant area I should try and learn more about. And then when some of the faculty at MSU started kind of pursuing like, some research funding to try and make a center for research on PFAS, I thought well this is a great opportunity to find out more, and so I got involved in that center. Thats been the past couple of years I’ve been learning a lot, I really didn't know much previously. DD: And do you foresee PFAS continuing to be part of your research focus moving forward or do you think this is - Like once you develop these guidelines? �KE: I think that, so you know participation in the national academy will be over, were supposed to have a report submitted in May of 2022, but, I would like to continue sort of exploring this issue, kind of as a philosopher I tend to sort of explore areas like case studies where i’ll sort of look over the research being done on them, you know, ask questions about it. So I would like this to be uh one of these case studies that I look at in the future. I have the benefit. Scientists have to develop all this infrastructure in their labs and really focus on something. I have the luxury. I can look at multiple case studies, but I’d like this to be one of them for a while to come I think. DD: So, as a philosopher then, are there particular questions or aspects of this particular PFAS case study that interest you, or challenge you, or you know... keep your attention? KE: Yeah um, well I think - I don't know that PFAS is totally unique compared to you know, other things, but I think there are some issues in this case and in other cases that strike me as really interesting. And one is, it once again highlights the question of how to engage in appropriate regulation and policy and responses to these issues where we're just not gonna have all the scientific knowledge that we'd like. Because, you know like I constantly hear, you know about thousands, you know often the numbers like five thousand different PFAS compounds that could be used, that are out there, depending on how you find exactly what counts in this category, and so there's just no way we can test all these things in detail, it's like a micro[?] of our general problems with, you know, chemical recreation, so we have to find strategic ways to sort of make decisions without knowing all of the nitty-gritty details. You know, some people suggest we should group them together as either a huge class, or as some class and say look, if a chemical falls under this general group, then shouldn't use it, or try to minimize the use, or try to look for alternatives for the greatest extent possible. And so, those are the things that interest me, sort of looking at the science and the decision making and trying to figure out what do we do given that this is just too messy, there's just too much going on to really study in great detail. DD: So I know your report and your study are still ongoing, but do you have any ideas about what we should do? KE: Yeah well... so... so this is where I probably can't say a ton about the details of the report at this point. But, um, I think a general theme in my work is to argue that it's a real mistake to think that you have to have the science figured out, before you can make decisions. I tend to be a fan of the folks who, you know some folks have been writing articles, saying things like given how persistent these are in the environment and given that, you know a lot of them seem to be fairly bioaccumulative, meaning that um, a build up in organisms and as it goes up the food chain you know, humans can end up you know [?] in our bodies. I think we have to be willing to go ahead and take some sort of action, even if we don't have decisive proof that there's a problem. And that's actually a little bit different from what I’m saying from the details from what we're talking �about in our report, our advice for clinicians. I guess I’m giving this general sort of perspective that we cant be perfectly precautionary with respect to everything, but I think it doesn't make any sense to say well we can't take any actions until we get the science. I think that's a mistake. DD: Well I will be looking forward to reading your report, in the near future hopefully. KE: Yeah, yeah. I’m hoping that it will be useful and it has been really interesting so I’ll just mention one other thing. As part of putting it together we looked at sorts of frameworks for making decisions under uncertainty, and it has been kind of striking to me that again, I feel like these frameworks in general are much more geared towards making the decision when you’ve got a good deal of evidence that we don’t have as quality frameworks for making decisions under uncertainty, and I think the scientific community just doesn't feel super comfortable with that. That's just the one comment I would make that's been interesting for me as I've been reading and [?]. DD: And can I maybe ask about another- other frameworks in terms of guidance from medical professionals. What's kind of the status on guidance for that or for medical professionals specifically dealing with PFAS right now? KE: Yeah, I’m not much of an expert on the medical stuff, but it's been very interesting for me learning a little bit more, there's a well put together framework from the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) And I get the impression they provide all kinds of guidelines for things like, you know when you should start getting prostate cancer screening or colonoscopies or breast cancer screening or all that kinds of stuff. And so they’ve got this whole framework in place for trying to evaluate evidence and decide when it's enough to definitely recommend that people do something or recommend that people do it, um, if they want to, you know leaving more judgement for them, and like how much evidence they wanna see in order to make these kinds of recommendations. So it's really pretty aggressive, but again, my sense of the framework, they don't really like to provide recommendations when there's substantial scientific uncertainty. So that’s one of the frameworks that was interesting to learn a little bit more about. DD: Sure. So what concerns, if any, do you have about PFAS contamination or PFAS related issues moving forward from this time? KE: Yeah, one of the things that strikes me, and this is coming from hearing people talk in these town halls from the committee, was just how sad it is, that you’ll have communities where on the one hand, people will want to find more about the contamination in their communities. But then, they’re afraid, at least some people in the communities are afraid, that if there were more, well then it would end up being economically harmful, like people don't want to come to those communities as tourists or people don't want to buy houses in those communities - or um - It was �so striking hearing about, like, farmers or ranchers like once they found out that they're, lets say, herd of animals was contaminated. Then they are in just a total mess in terms of not being able to sell the animals or sell milk from the animals or things like that. And so, It really worries me realizing that there's this tension between wanting to learn more about, you know, the potential threats one faces, then they are communities will disadvantage finding this stuff out. That can create tension between communities, and just, - serious economic problems, and so anyways that was really striking to me. DD: Yeah, I can imagine that playing out in a number of different ways into communities. Well, before we wrap up, Kevin, is there anything that you'd like to go back to, that we - or anything you'd like to add that we haven't touched on? I know you jumped around your story. KE: Right, right. DD: But I wanted to hear if you had a chance to go and say anything additional. KE: Yeah, another thing I guess - I guess that has just struck me, as I’ve been learning more about PFAS and maybe this is more sort of, you know the cognitive and academic thing you're looking for, but um, It's just been interesting - One of the things that I have been intrigued about is debates about biosolids, which are you know kind of produced from waste water treatment plants and have lots of, fertilizer potentially. So farmers will, you know, put them on their fields, and in principle it seems like a great way to kind of have a circular economy where you know, we're producing sewage waste, but we can take some of the good aspects of it and put it back on the land. But, then there are concerns now about pollutants in biosolids and so on, and worries that if we put it on farmers' fields it can cause problems, you know, potentially taken up by crops and then be a problem for people or be a problem for people near those fields and so on. It's just been striking as I learn more about this, I don't know enough about the scientific details on how much you should be worried about this and so on, um, but just realizing what a problem it is to sort of deal with these when they are so persistent in the environment, that its like they just keep cycling around. So you know, well go into the wastewater treatment plant, and then they go to the biosolids and the biosolids either have to go to some landfill somewhere or have to get spread on someones fields, then it goes to the landfills and eventually seems to come out in the [?] then that has to go somewhere, maybe back to a wastewater treatment plant, if it spreads on the fields then it may go into water. And the ways in which - We can’t get rid of this stuff, you know, unless I guess you burn it at 1000 degrees celsius or something, again the scientists can provide more nitty-gritty but that has been pretty striking to me, and again has kinda furthered my thinking, where you know, it just doesn't make sense to use persistent compounds like this, if we can avoid it. Because it’s just such a mess if they might become a problem. And so I think that's something that has been really striking and interesting to me as i've learned a little bit more about PFAS. �DD: Yeah, a whole other set of problems. KE: Right, exactly. And I - I don't know if there's anything else, um, that struck me. [Brief Pause] I guess just the other thing, and again this isn’t particularly profound, but it's been so interesting to me also hearing about some of the communities, or like, uh, seeing your military bases, or like firefighters where they are especially using these foams, they call them “A Triple F” [?] Forming foams I think, they reason in which they were told this is just like soap and they had no worries about these, and you know sometimes they would just use it for fun. Kids would play in this stuff, figuring you know they could just spray this everywhere and not worry at all about being exposed to it. And um, It just makes me wonder kinda the lesson I kind of gleamed from this is, what things are we exposed to now, where we’re just assuming there's nothing to worry about, and then we might find out 10 years from now, oh there was a problem, and again, we wanna ask these questions about surely there should be a better way of strategizing in terms of putting products onto the market. I know we don't want to halt innovation, but it's just so striking to me the way we just produce thousands of chemicals and just throw them out there and then end up finding out kinda later at some point that there's a worry. I'm just pontificating about all kinds of stuff. DD: Well I mean from a historical perspective too it's interesting right, I'm sure you've seen this is not the first time humanity has done something like this. Like, we seem to keep doing these things where we throw products out there and discover after the fact that we need to [?] back. So I imagine there might be some interest for you there from a historical perspective as well. KE: Of course, of course, absolutely. Great point. DD: Yeah, well thank you so much, Kevin. For taking the time to share your story today. KE: Yeah! It's a pleasure and I'm really glad youre doing this project. DD: Thank you. KE: Thanks. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Living with PFAS Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Devasto, Danielle Description An account of the resource Beginning in 2021, the Living with PFAS interviews were recorded to gather the personal stories of individuals impacted by PFAS contamination. PFAS, or per- and polyflourinated substances, are a large group of human-made chemicals used widely since the 1940s to make coatings and products resistant to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. They can be found in countless household items, including food packaging, non-stick cookware, stain-resistant furniture, and water-resistant clothing. These chemicals are often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily, can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, and build up in animals, plants, and people. PFAS have been linked to increased incidences of various cancers, increased cholesterol, decreased fertility, birth defects, kidney and liver disease, and immune system suppression, and thyroid dysfunction. It is estimated that PFAS are in the drinking water of more than 200 million Americans (Andrews & Naidenko, 2020). In Michigan alone, over 280 sites have PFAS contamination exceeding maximum contamination levels for groundwater (MPART, 2024). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In copyright Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-11 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Motion Picture Text Sound Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PFAS0029 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Elliott, Kevin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-27 Title A name given to the resource Kevin Elliott, 2021 (Interview video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Dr. Kevin Elliott lives in Lansing, Michigan, and is involved in the Center for PFAS Research at Michigan State University. He also serves on a National Academy of Sciences Committee that gives guidance to clinicians working with people concerned about PFAS exposure. Elliott holds a PhD in the history of philosophy and science, and studies controversies about science and environmental pollution. In this interview, Elliott discusses his involvement with PFAS research and education. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource DeVasto, Danielle (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b533094def8d73b9ff3272f207becacc.mp4 b1eeaf39f7018b3ef431df7706c7a984 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9406c11ecdc441af6d4d29523b9de8d7.pdf d10832a8b7f468ee10032eff6354baca PDF Text Text Living with PFAS Interviewee: Kevin Ferrara Interviewer: Dani Davsto Date: September 29, 2021 DD: I’m Dani Devasto and today, September 29, 2021 I have the pleasure of chatting with Kevin Ferrara. Hi Kevin KF: Hey Dani how are you? DD: I’m doing well, How are you? KF: I’m doing well. DD: Alright, Kevin can you tell me where you’re from and where you currently live? KF: Sure, I grew up here in central Pennsylvania, and after doing 20 years in the military I came full circle. Came back here. Right now I live in Wolrich, Pennsylvania, which is, for those that are unfamiliar it’s between State college, home of Penn State, and Williamsport, home of little league baseball. So if you look at a Pennsylvania map I’m almost smack dab in the center. DD: Awesome, and how long have you been in Wolrich? KF: Moved back here a couple years now. I retired from the Air Force in 2017. I grew up in Avis, Pennsylvania which is about 3 or 4 miles down the road from Wolrich. But born and raised here in Pennsylvania, grew up here all my life with the exception of the military. DD: Okay, Thank you. Can you tell me a story about your experience with PFAS or with PFAs in your communities? KF: I absolutely can. I started a volunteer firefighter service here in Pennsylvania in 1988. Foam really wasn’t an issue, the firefighting foam that contains PFAS [Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances] that we found. It really wasn’t being used here in central Pennsylvania. I only became a aware of it and started seeing it in 1991 when I entered the United States Air Force. We went through the DOD [Department of Defense] fire academy at the time. Which was at Son Nhut Air Force Base in Ranto, Illinois. We were exposed to it, slathered in it, ya know, covered in it. It got in our eyes, our ears, our mouth, you know, on our bare skin. And then after I left Cant-or, Son Nhut Air Force Base. My first assignment was Cannon Air Force base in Clovis, New Mexico. And That's getting a lot of attention now because of the dairy farmers, that are �nearby. Their dairy cows are contaminated, the Aquaphor systems are contaminated. And the reason for that because we release each trip firefighting foam that contained PFAS pretty much every day. So I got out for 6 years in 1995, I returned here to Pennsylvania, only to return back to the Air Force in 2001. Different bases I was assigned to. It was the same thing. We used the firefighting foam that has PFAS in it pretty much every day. I eventually got to Langley Air Force Base and their combat command headquarters started seeing some emails about PFAS and everything. But throughout my 20 year career I was exposed to A-trip firefighting foam that we now know contained toxic PFAS. And you know, unfortunately we are learning now that the turnout gear, the firefighter turnout gear, that we wore for all of that time contained PFAS as well, the protective coating. So, firefighters, we got a double dose. There was really no way we could get away from the stuff. And you know, that was my experiences, you know. Either, you know, being physically exposed to it, you know with the products the firefighters use, in the drinking water. You know so, firefighters, we have a larger exposure than what the normal everyday citizen gets. DD: Can you say a little bit more about the, you said that you were using foam almost daily or daily. What kinds of things were you doing or why were you using foam? KF: Sure. So, at Cannon Air Force Base, what we, this is where I got the routine of, they call it an operational check, and all of the airport rescue firefighting vehicles or crash trucks. As a lot of us call them. We would take the trucks on the flight lines, somewhere on the flight line and discharge, and actually turn on the foam system. And discharge foam to make sure the trucks were operational. We did this every day, ya know, 365 days a year. We had 2 shifts. My shift would do it every other day, the other shift would do it every other day. It wouldn’t be, it wouldn’t be a lot, but it added up over time, and this happened at every military installation that had a flying mission. So if you had a crash truck, the crews took the trucks on a flight line or the training areas, somewhere on the installation and discharge foam to just simply make sure it was operational. Aside from that, if we obviously had an emergency, and aircraft incident where we needed to spray foam we would do that. And you know some of the incidents it was copious amounts. We had foam trailers, there was a few incidents, 1,000 gallon foam trailers, where we would have to, employ that and start using that foam, some incidents, depending on the size of the incidents. It would not be uncommon to discharge, hundreds of gallons of foam, concentrate, that was pure foam, into the environment. Training exercises. We would do live fire training, and use copious amounts of foam, to suppress that as well. Because for liquid fuel fire the only way you can put it out is to sit there for hours let it burn out or discharge foam. That would snuff it out and extinguish the fire. And that happened at every installation that had those capabilities. So, you know, Air Force alone there was over 200 plus military installations, just here in the United States. That would do that almost every day. You know. Operations checks you know, monthly live fire training. �DD: You mentioned earlier, drinking water, can you say more about that? KF: Sure, so at Cannon Air Force Base, in- I only learned all this in the past couple years, you know. While I was active duty in the military nobody ever told us about, you know, the hazards you know, with firefighting foam, PFAS, and contamination. And I’ve since learned with drinking water contamination at Cannon Air Force base, like I said, we would discharge the foam every day and that seeped into the aquifer system. At Cannon Air Force base, the city of Clovis, that was a mile down the road from the base, and residents in between. Their drinking water came from wells that pulled water out of these aquifer systems. So the entire time I was at Cannon Air Force base, you know, the four years I was there, I was polluting the aquifer system, and then as unknown to us we were drinking that polluted aquifer. So we were drinking contaminated water. So it came full circle. I don't know if it was karma for us or what [chuckle] you know, I feel guilty. You know. Had i known then there is no way I would have discharged the foam you know. There are so many people, and it’s not just in New Mexico. I mean it’s across the country, Michigan is getting a lot of attention because of the contamination up there. Here in Pennsylvania we just recently learned one-third of the state has PFAS pollution in drinking water. And it's shocking to know that and the more and more research that goes on the more and more water systems we find are polluted with PFAS. DD: How did you, start to learn, that, about PFAS and that is was a problem? KF: Well, like I said, I was at air combat command from 2010 til 2017 when I retired and about 2014 I started seeing a few emails that popped up that had the acronym PFAS in it. So it PFAS, P-F-A-S, and then we say the acronym PFOA, P-F-O-A and PFOS, P-F-O-S. But there was really no other emails or clarification that specified or defined what those acronyms meant. So I sort of just of- I'll be honest, I brushed them off. I like okay, you know, they are talking about it, but there is no other guidance behind it. And after it retired, the environmental working group sort of got in touch with me, through a fellow firefighter, and during some conversations that when they started sending me information the military timelines, of H triple F and PFAS and the more I read through it, I could physically feel my body just start tingling in frustration and anger, in shock and awe because since 1973 I found the military knew about H triple F and that it contained PFAS and it was hazardous. Up until, you know, from that point up until probably a few years ago nobody really said anything. And it was, pretty much left up to me and other firefighters to dig for this information and that's really the only way we found out what PFAS was. Through a network of environmental groups. Fellow firefighters that really started digging into this, and you know it was it was just unbelievable that the foam manufacturers, the military, there was people that knew about this. We as firefighters, we as veterans, we as military personnel were never told about this. And definitely the public was never told about this. Which is, it’s alarming to know, only 50 years this stuff has been going on and only now are we really �scratching the surface of the amount of damage PFAS had caused within our environment, within our communities. DD: So you post retirement, sounds like, you pretty much started kind of uncovering and learning about the situation, and then what for you? KF: Well, I sort of got trust into the whole PFAS and firefighter safety thing. I have no regrets of doing it, you know, like you said you know, I’m retired, I do my own fire service consulting, I do a podcast with firefighter health and safety, and I’ve gotten so much feedback with these firefighters. Not just here in the United States but really across the globe that are impacted by firefighting foam that contains PFAS, turnout gear that contains PFAS, and I’m getting bombarded. And I appreciate it because it is a learning for both me and those that are sending me questions. I’m getting bombarded with questions though. One, what is PFAS, because, you know, it’s simply not out there, and I keep foot stomping education, education, education on what PFAS is. I’m dealing with legislation, I’ve talked to congress you know, participated in some of the hearings down there in DC, on PFAS, for mediation and protection of firefighters. You know. I’m doing surveys, you know, I guess at the end of the day, I'm doing what I’m doing. I’m trying to educate firefighters, protecting them, because really nobody in, I’ll say leadership, you know, the government entities, it simply doesn’t seem that they are doing enough, if anything at all to really educated and protect firefighters. So, you know, like I said before I got nothing to lose as a retiree. I got a lot of time on my hands, so you know. I’m happy to go ahead and-and do all the-the behind the scenes effort to help firefighters. Cause the last thing I want them to do is worry about, what is PFAS, what their health and safety when they are on the job. They got to focus on the job and not worry about, you know, these other things. You know. If I can let them focus on their job and then on their off days get them spun up on what PFAS is, then that’s what I’m happy to do. DD: I mean there's already so much risk in firefighting though. {chuckle} KF: Yeah, that's what I tell everybody. You know, firefighting is inherently dangerous, we know that. You know, but the products that were supplied to us, you know, the firefighting foam and the turnout gear. The last thing we expected is the products we used to perform our jobs were actually harming us. You know, we know going into a burning building, you know going into a hazardous material situation it’s going to be risky like you said. But you know for god sakes provide us with some products, some equipment that isn't going to harm us before we get to the incident scene. DD: Yeah, It sounds like PFAS is really impacting your life in multiple ways. Both, you know, personally and through your work as you worked with the foam and the gear. But also now it’s �shaping your life and the activities that you are doing. The service and leadership you are providing. KF: It has. I’ll be honest, when I retired, I did 20 years in the military, 20 years in the air force and I was ready to hang up firefighting. You know I was like, I did it and I was like let me move onto something else. And then, I got involved with a local volunteer department down here and then of course that the PFAS issue came up and it brought me, it sort of sucked me back in. And like I said I have no regrets of doing it, I’m actually excited, you know, to be able to help. But it is, it’s a life changing issue. I got some health concerns with my exposure, not as bad as a lot of the firefighters I’ve talked to. PFAS whether it’s physically impact, mentally impact, its causing people to think and rethink the way they operate and the way they live. DD: What concerns do you have about PFAS contamination moving forward? KF: You know, I’ve always said until you cut off the source of contamination you can’t fix the problem. You know. The problem being that PFAS contamination is ongoing. You know. Remediation efforts are years down the road. There's still a lot of research and testing going on. Until you cut off that source of contamination you really can’t start doing anything else. And now with firefighters, the DOD they are now looking at replacing the fluorinated foams with the non-fluorinated foams they have to do that by 1 October 2023. Which is fiscal year 24, but that's, I've always said, that time frame, that gap in there, you still have firefighters and nonpersonnel still being exposed to fluorinated foam. It’s still in use. A lot of the volunteer departments, the municipal departments are not getting a lot of the conversation with this. A lot of focus on military with DOD and federal level, but the same foam, the same turnout gear is being used within our municipal, fire departments or local communities. And that is where is a lot of the exposure is occurring. So I think going forward education is number 1. Getting people informed with that, meeting with their local leaders, local fire departments and really pushing the issue and saying look, we have to cut off the source, and then go from there. DD: What kinds of advice do you give to people who are active still in firefighting, when they learn about PFAS, but then they ask then what now? KF: The first piece of advice that I tell them is personal protection. Don’t rely on others, you know, and that goes for everybody, is that, your personal safety starts with you. In terms of your situational awareness, if you are around the foam, make sure you have proper, you know, personal proper protective equipment on, gloves, you know, certain clothing, definitely eye, you know, eye protection. Don’t for the volunteer firefighters that take their turnout gear home, I can’t stress this enough, don’t take it, and put it in your vehicle. A lot of firefighters will just put it in their truck, on top of the gear, on top of the PFAS, obviously, you know is the soot and other products or combustion that absorbs into the turnout gear. So, you know, I tell them all of that as �you transfer, gets onto your clothes, your skin then they take it home and now you have crossed contaminated your home. You know, that with fire fighters that live in the fire station. The same thing. Don’t wash your personal clothing with, you know, your duty clothing, your work uniforms and everything. You know, it’s really a matter of, you know, just taking personal precautions, wash your hands, use gloves when you using turnout gear, don’t use turnout gear if you don’t have to, obviously we can’t get away from that as firefighters. But if you don’t have to put it on, don’t put it on. It’s that simple. Showers, after every call, take a shower and wash all of those contaminates off because we’ve learned that turnout gear especially is creates what is called PFAS dust. And you may not see that, and you know it covers the inside of the truck, it gets absorbed into the air condition systems, and it just, like I said you know just, situation awareness is the big thig. Be aware of your surroundings. Be aware of what you are using and then personal hygiene, decontamination procedures and then go from there. If you are worried about the drinking water, look at different filtration systems that are out there. Now there's only a few that’ll filter out PFAS and there are a little expensive, you know. But, again talk to your- I would say talk to your local water suppliers in the community, and say hey are you testing for PFAS? Are you filtering for PFAS? If there not, you know, it's a judgement call. You may want to look at bottled water. I know the military handed out bottled water to some communities because of the PFAS contamination. It's tough, we could go on and on and on and talk about what should be done and you know, what needs to be done, what's not done, but at the end of the day, you know like I said, it comes down to, you know, everybody is responsible for their own safety and to do their homework. That's a big thing, you know, research on this. DD: Are there particular things on your agenda, your next steps, or things that you're looking towards? KF: Yeah. There are a few pieces of legislation, right now, that I'm trying to get pushed. There's the Mike Elestic Firefighting Protection Act. Um. And that pretty much talks about military firefighters, and with PFAS contamination. Cause I worked with Mike, I had a little bit of a crossover with Mike who's a former Air Force firefighter and then he went as a DOD civilian firefighter. So that’s sort of near and dear to my heart. There’s a Neil Hogan piece of legislation out there as well, for federal firefighters. We're just trying to get, whether it’s local, state, or federal officials to really get involved in this to make this a priority. It should be a bipartisan matter, but it seems like it’s not. There’s you know. You know there’s as with any piece of legislation there’s back and forth on it but at the end of the day for me, you know, I’m really passionate about this, put all your differences aside and look at the big picture and say hey, this is a health and safety issue. Not just for firefighters, for everybody, Americans, people overseas, cause it's a global issue. It's, you know, not just an isolated issue. Then really you know, personally just educating firefighters. You know, I'm an instructor here in the state of Pennsylvania, so, you know, I’m working with the state fire academy to push this out more, and more, and educate firefighters. Obviously with my podcast you know. I do that. Any opportunity �I get to talk about this, you know, I get excited about this because it, that tells me that this topic is getting the attention that it needs to. So that's where I am today. The more I can talk about it the better. DD: From an education standpoint, do you find that this is something that, is being included in instruction and education, that these kinds of topics? Or is this something that is maybe, is still coming or could be included more? KF: Depending on where you're at. Here in Pennsylvania, you know, I had the pleasure of working with the state fire academy on their administrator on a PFAS awareness program. It’s a short program, its baby steps, it's the first step towards getting to the bigger picture. I don’t believe the department of defense is really doing much. They sent out a few fact sheets, a few brochures. I’m not really sure what they're doing at the DOD fire academy. I think they do mention it a little bit but it's not getting the attention it really needs to. Like I said within the volunteer fire service community, you know, its hard getting, you know first and foremost, its hard getting training with volunteer firefighters, simply because of funding. But they get the word out, it's a challenge. And I say that because for the longest time firefighters have been using foam and there's a big misconception that foam is safe. You know, it's simply soap and water. There’s nothing wrong with it and it's time to get that mentality out of the fire service and educate them and prove to them that, no, firefighting foam that contains PFAS isn’t soap and water. It's actually harmful, it's actually toxic. But I found that once you change the mentality, once you open their eyes and ears to it, they're more receptive then, you know, they sort of lean in and their like hmm maybe, you know, there is something to be concerned about here. But that’s the biggest challenge, is getting the word out and educating folks. I wish every state fire academy across the United States would incorporate, similar programs that they have here in Pennsylvania. Overseas they’re starting to do that, it's gaining a lot of attention. I know in Australia they have a really great program. They got rid of, you know, a lot of the PFAS foams. So there is some success stories out there. I just wish it would reverberate across the oceans and you know, where everybody would be on the same page but unfortunately were not there yet. DD: Well it sounds like you’re working to make that happen. KF: I’m trying {laughs} I’m doing the best I can. {chuckle} DD: Well, Kevin, before I wrap up, is there anything else that you would like to add or anything you would like to go back to and say more about? KF: The big thing is, you know, like I said with the water contamination, I would just encourage your audience members to reach out to their local community leadership and start asking the questions. Be like, hey, you know, PFAS is on the radar, we heard a lot about it in the media, �What are we doing locally? Don’t be afraid to ask questions. And you know, especially for the firefighters out there don't be afraid to ask questions. Because at the end of the day, like I said before you know, health and safety is the big thing and if you don't ask the questions you're never going to know the answer. And you’re never going to know if those that are responsible are doing what they should be doing to protect those they serve. You know, with news media, any type of media, please pick up on this and talk about it cause the, you know almost with any topic, the more and more you talk about it, the more and more people listen to, and you know, as they start uniting. That coalition, that network becomes stronger and stronger. As a team, that's where we all come together and get rid of PFAS. Or at least, you know, regulate it and minimize exposure. Because I don’t think we will ever get rid of PFAS but you know at the very least we need to minimize unnecessary exposure to it. The other thing is PFAs blood testing. That’s something that I’m really pushing for right now is PFAS blood testing cause we really don’t know what's in our body unless you test for it. Something that I found with firefighters is that they have high levels of PFAS in their blood. Unfortunately there is no magic pill to get rid of it. But that’ll tell us, do we need to, you know, it's almost a threshold. The EPA said 70 parts per trillion of PFAS in drinking water but if we see elevated levels of PFAS in firefighters blood, then we can say, okay let's get you away from PFAS so we don’t add to that. You know unfortunately it has a huge half-life so it’s going to take a while. And that's something a lot of firefighters have contacted me about is their medical concerns. If I have a high level of PFAS am I going to get cancer? Am I going to get some other medical illness? And that's a big concern, and it goes back to what I said before, is that. I don't want to see firefighters focusing on that and getting hurt on the job because their mind is elsewhere. You know, worrying about am I going to get sick, is my family going to get sick. There's a lot of work to do, you know, with PFAS, I appreciate you getting involved in this. And many others cause like I said I mean, the more people involved the more attention is going to get, and I think the faster action is going to be taken to protect citizens, fire fighters, everybody that either is or could potentially be exposed to PFAS. DD: Yeah absolutely. Thank you so much Kevin for taking the time to share your story and experiences today. KF: Great, like I said before I appreciate the invite. Thank you, Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Living with PFAS Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Devasto, Danielle Description An account of the resource Beginning in 2021, the Living with PFAS interviews were recorded to gather the personal stories of individuals impacted by PFAS contamination. PFAS, or per- and polyflourinated substances, are a large group of human-made chemicals used widely since the 1940s to make coatings and products resistant to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. They can be found in countless household items, including food packaging, non-stick cookware, stain-resistant furniture, and water-resistant clothing. These chemicals are often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily, can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, and build up in animals, plants, and people. PFAS have been linked to increased incidences of various cancers, increased cholesterol, decreased fertility, birth defects, kidney and liver disease, and immune system suppression, and thyroid dysfunction. It is estimated that PFAS are in the drinking water of more than 200 million Americans (Andrews & Naidenko, 2020). In Michigan alone, over 280 sites have PFAS contamination exceeding maximum contamination levels for groundwater (MPART, 2024). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In copyright Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-11 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Motion Picture Text Sound Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PFAS0031 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ferarra, Kevin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-29 Title A name given to the resource Kevin Ferrara, 2021 (Interview video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Kevin Ferrera grew up in central Pennsylvania and returned there after spending 20 years in the military. Kevin discusses his work exposure to PFAS through firefighting foam used on air force bases. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource DeVasto, Danielle (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7a6518f5f710cc88a834cca4e7e50126.pdf f71d1447daa7cdc100cc0e25290b8f8f PDF Text Text KEWEENAW BAY 2nd ANNUAL POW-WOW JULY 25, 26, 27, 1980 $5,000 PRIZE MONEY 1/2 MILE NORTH OF BARAGA,MI DRUMMONEY TRADERS WELCOME TRIBAL POLICE PATROLLED NO ALCOHOL or DRUGS ALLOWED NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR LOST OR STOLEN PROPERTY FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL CHIZ BATES: (906) 353-6623 �KEWEENAW BAY IND/AN COMMUNITY 1980 TRIBAL COUNCIL KEWEENAW BAY TRIBAL CENTER BARAGA, MICHtc;AN 49908 Fre,d Dakota. President Phone (906) 353-6623 Donald A. LaPointc, V. Pres. Joan M . BC'mi.s , S«retarv M\'rtlc Toloncn. Asst . SeC. H: James Sr. Arnold , Treasurer Fredt'rk k Gauthier Rose mary Hutaja Frederick Shclifoc Cl\·dc Swartz Ht'lcnc C. Welsh Philnmc na Ekdahl Michael J . Chosa June 19 I 19 8 0 Ahneen Nidge, The Keweenaw Bay Pow-Wow Committee ·would like to cordially invite you to the 2nd Annual Keweenaw Bay Pow-Wow, sch eduled for July 25th, 26th, and 27th. The Pow-Wow grounds will be located at the O}jibway Campground, one-half mile north of Baraga, on US-41. Electrial hook-ups, running water, and outdoor facilities will be available. Admission to the campground and pow-wow is $3.00 for adults, $1.00 for children under 12 years. Buttons will be issued, which will be used throughout the weekend for admission. Contest dancing in both traditional, and fancy dance style will be h.e ld with prize money totaling $5,000.00. Also, $200.00 will be offered to each of the first 10 drums registered. Traders are welcome with only a nominal fee charged. Please, no.import, Indian made only. We hope to see you at the Pow-Wow. filled weekend for everyone. Megwetch, -7-"/~ Ted Holappa TH/bf enc. It will be an event �-- ... � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1980-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Annual Pow-Wow, July 1980 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Annual Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 25-27, 1980, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/410c8bd50d1a18c699b54f8b8a949f61.pdf df01ac3b746534d412401736b25eda55 PDF Text Text 8th Annual July 24-27, 1986 Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Pow - wow & Spiritual Gathering Held In Honor Of The Teens Home of the Two Step Championship MC's: Browning Pipestem Larry Matrious Honorary Senior Citizen MC Mr. Ed Lafernier Host Drum: Lac Vieux Desert Singers Head Dancers: Andrew Loonsfoot Phoebe [Bear] McCollough Ojibwa Park U.S. 41 Baraga, Mi. If you need more information call: (906) 353-6623 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1986-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, July 1986 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 24-27, 1986, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6cfe0882e4ea0e98774fc2f7fbe4c9f3.pdf af0f6cac0055e4c8115ea3dc5c690cc0 PDF Text Text 9th Annual POW-WOW July 24-26, 1987 Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Pow-Wow & Spiritual Conference Held in Honor of the Women Spirit Conference July 23 Home of the Two Step Championship MC's: Browning Pipestem Larry Matrious Indian Traders Welcome No Drugs or Alcohol Please Ojibwa Park U.S. 41 Baraga, Mi. If you need more information call: (906) 353-6623 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1987-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, July 1987 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 24-26, 1987, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/eaf398b323824df99c0904d1c53ef0d6.pdf e581bc914e0afb9e8fb7e6b6f9396869 PDF Text Text Keweenaw Bay Indian Community 12th Annual Traditional Pow-Wow July 27-29, 1990 ''UNI1Y'' H on1e of the original Midnight Two-Step World Championship ***DRUM SPLIT ***INDIAN TRADERS/CONCESSIONS ONLY (Pre-Registration Required) ***NO DRUGS OR ALCOHOL ALWWED ***FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: GLORIA (906) 524-6534 GERRY (906) 353-6623 CHIZ (906) 353-6623 Evenings & Week-ends Days Days Ojibway Campground Baraga, Michigan � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1990-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, July 1990 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 27-29, 1990, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/72a3ef3b1dc91cc471df0b5ba43c309b.pdf 2fee6042fdde7232e0e2b21e9efee44f PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1992-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, July 1992 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 24-26, 1992, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4ce1afa4f84658c8a21bd4641af893ec.pdf b37ace768ec555e48285fddcd8964072 PDF Text Text Keweenaw Bay Indian Community 15th Annual Traditional Pow-Wow July 23-25, 1993 "Honor The Children" Home of the Original Midnight Two-Step World Championship • HOST DRUM - SPIRIT MOUNTAIN SINGERS, DULUTH, MINNESOfA • DRUM SPLIT • INDIAN TRADERS/CONCESSIONS ONLY (Pre-Registration Required) • NO DRUGS OR ALCOHOL ALLOWED • NO RAFFLES OR PULL-TABS • NOf RESPONSIBLE FOR ACCIDENTS, INJURIES OR LOSSES OF PERSONAL PROPER1Y • FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: CHIZ (906) 524-6907 Evenings & Week-ends GERRY (906) 353-6623 Days MYRfLE (906) 353-6623 Days Ojibwa Campground Baraga, Michigan � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1993-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, July 1993 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow, Baraga MI, July 23-25, 1993, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/53bd1628392ee5f6f812e88fb54b0d58.pdf 87686276c3d3ab222dfa70ce521e6290 PDF Text Text ~ I '"""' "''•"- 3RD ANNUAL KEWEENAW BAY POW-WOW JULY 24, 25, 26, 1981 Baraga, Michigan Ojibway Trailer Park I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1981-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow, July 1981 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 24-26, 1981, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f7cf6f1157728ffa81d2216c26639e5c.pdf b73c7b2027332e61552b3bce73e2b064 PDF Text Text · 5TH ,ANNUAL ,,,, KEWEENAW BAY INDIAN COMMUNITY TRADITIONAL POW-WOW JULY 22- 23 - 24, 1983 All Activities At: POW-WOW ARENA OJIBWA CAMPGROUNDS US-41 North 1 Mile North of Baraga, Michigan * * * * - Schedule WEDNESDAY -JULY 20 SATURDAY - JutY 10 a.m. SPIRITUAL CONFERENCE OPENS '23 1 p.m. & 7 p.m. GRAND ENTRY Midnight TWO-STEP CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE WORLD FRIDAY - JULY 22 7 p.m. GRAND ENTRY SUNDAY-JULY 24 , 1 p.m. GRAND ENTRY. .F DRUM MONEY GIVE AW A Y EXPENSE MONEY FOR ALL REGISTERED DANCERS SPECIAL AW ARDS FOR BEST DANCER IN EACH DIVISION MEALS PROVIDED EACH DAY TRIBAL POLICE SECURITY NO ALCOHOL OR DRUGS ALLOWED IN CAMPGROUND - SOUVENIR BUTTONS ON SALE - INDIAN TRADERS ONLY **** Held in conjunction with: TRADITIONAL SPIRITUAL CONFERENCE JULY 20 - 21 - 22, 1983 For Further Information Contact: POW-WOW COMMITTEE: TED HOLAPPA (906) 353-6672 LORETTA HUGO (906) 353-6623 SPIRITUAL CONFERENCE: MYRT SHELAFOE (906) 353-6623 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1983-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow, July 1983 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 22-24, 1983, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/240a0429c798ec7c8d3a2364abed0ee7.pdf 67968c629d648988a1ecd004bd59032d PDF Text Text The Publlc is Welcome to Attend the 6TH ANNUAL KEWEENAW BAY INDIAN COMMUNITY POW-WOW JULY 27 - 28- 29, 1984 OJIBWA CAMPGROUNDS US-41 North - 1 Mile North of Baraga, Michigan - Schedule FRIDAY - JULY 27 6 p.m. - 10 p.m. 8p.m. Registration Grand Entry SATURDAY - JULY 28 9 a.m. - Noon 10 a.m. Registration Fry Bread Relay and Fun Runs Grand Entry Dinner for Participants Grand Entry Two Step Championship 1 p.m. 5:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m. Midnight SUNDAY - JULY 29 10 a.m. 11 a.m. Breakfast for Participants Individual Giveaways and Specials Grand Entry 1 p.m. MASTER OF CEREMONIES: HONORARY MC: F. Browning Pipestem Carl Cameron HOST DRUM: HEAD DANCERS: Smokeytown Singers Kathy Nertoli Joe Barrett FREE CAMPING NO RESERVATIONS ALL REGISTERED DANCERS RECEIVE CASHAWARD NQ ALCOHOL OR DRUGS ALLOWED DRUM MONEY TRIBAL POLICE SECURITY ADMISSION: ADULTS - $3.00 POW-WOW BUTTON Good for all three days CHILDREN UNDER 12 - $1.00 POW-WOW BUTTON Good for all three days CHILDREN UNDER 5 - Free For Further Information Contact: POW-WOW COMMITTEE: TED HOLAPPA, Chairman (906) 353-6623 GLORIA SHALIFOE, Vice-Chairman (906) 524-6534 -,., ~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1984-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow, July 1984 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 27-29, 1984, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2f8385a967f7e85dcd4ac2dbcc193acf.pdf 992c4853113dcc1aec0f039cff62ec81 PDF Text Text 7TH ANNUAL TRADITIONAL POW - WOW AND SPIRITUAL CONFERENCE JULY 25 - 26 · 27 - 28, 1985 KEWEENAW BAY INDIAN COMMUNITY U.S. 41 BARAGA, MICHIGAN FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL: (906) 353-6623 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_keweenaw-bay-pow-wow_1985-07 Title A name given to the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow, July 1985 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-07 Description An account of the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, Baraga MI, July 25-28, 1985, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/849befdc8bb96de50dcb5fd31dd602fb.pdf 97cf6c7be36648c6529830e083252b28 PDF Text Text '02 • FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 11. 1988 • THE GRAND RAPIDS PRESS O • 0 0 .Key Gennan official guits after furor over J(ristallnacht speech The Associated Press BONN, West Germany - The president of parliament resigned today after being bitterly a,ttacked for saying on the 50th anniversary of Kristallnacht that many Germans initially found Hitler's rule "glorious." The furor overshadowed West Germany's carefully organized ceremonies marking Kristallnacht, the night of terror against the Jews that signaled the start of the Holocaust. Parliament President Philipp Jenninger announced he was step. ping down as assembly leader after meeting with other top-ranked members of the governing Christian Democratic Union. The conservative politician's speech Thursday, which also called the early years of the Nazi's Third Reich a "triumphal procession," set off waves of outcries throughout the country and abroad. · His speech, at a special session of the Bundestag, or parliament, triggered a walkout by about 50 lawmakers and calls for his resignation from opposition Greens and Social Democrattc parties. "My speech was not understood by many listeners the way I had intended it to be," the. ,56-year-old politician said in ·a written statement to the news media. "I am deeply sorry and I am very hurt, if I have offended the feelings of others." He added: "During my whole political career - most recently as president of the German Parliament - I have been active in working for reconciliation with the Jews and for the vital interests of the state of Israel." "I always have been an uncompromising foe of every type of totalitarian rule," Jenninger said . Jenninger said he was stepping down as Bundestag president because he wanted to avoid any damage to the office itself and because he believed he lost the trust of many colleagues. The statement did not say whether Jenninger would remain a member of Parliament. Jenninger had been the No. 2 West German official after President Richard von Weizsaecker, under the nation's rules of diplomatic protocal. A member of Chancellor Helmut Kohl's Christian Democratics, Jen- AP PHOTO Philipp Jenninger said many Germans initially found Hitler's rule "glorious." I ninger has been a lawmaker since 1969 and was one of Kohl's closest aides before he was elected Bundestag president in November 1984. In his speech Thursday, Jenninger talked at length about the positive feelings of many ordinary ; Germans early in the Hitler dictatorship. "Didn't Hitler bring to reality what (Kaiser) Wilhelm II had only promised, that is to lead the Germans to glorious times?" Jenninger asked. ' "Wasn't he chosen by Providence, a Fuehrer such as is given to a people only once in a thousand years?" he continued. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_NWS_1988-11-11-German-official-quit-over-Kristal-Nacht-comment Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Grand Rapids Press Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-11-11 Title A name given to the resource Key German official quits after furor over Kristallnacht speech Description An account of the resource Associated Press article about the West German Parliamentary President, Philipp Jenninger's resignation following his comments praising the Nazi Third Reich. Subject The topic of the resource Jenninger, Philip Third Reich, 1933-1945 Germany--History--1933-1945 Kristallnacht, 1938 -- Anniversaries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/78b8994a23478a966b836d93b95e8012.jpg 51feafdb7e79096ec5f1a2764fb882af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_FilmPacks_V_20_006 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-01-20 Title A name given to the resource Key West house Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a two-story beach house surrounded by palm trees. Two people are standing across the street from the house, and one person is sitting on a raised ledge next to them. A bicycle is visible leaning against a stone wall in front of the house, and several people can be seen walking on the street to the right of the house. Subject The topic of the resource Key West (Fla.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/78c6059998b973fb01e629290feb09a1.jpg 11d540cca258938941325764d24484f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KhoapaBennie Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Khoapa, Bennie Description An account of the resource Bennie Khoapa, Social Work Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng