454 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b94b02533027019a3276b8062be578a4.pdf a6658fd69b552b9b8e598eb1ef352c5e PDF Text Text Young Lords In Lincoln Park Interviewee: Father Leo T. Mahon Interviewers: José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 8/21/2012 Biography and Description In the early 1950s, Monsignor Leo T. Mahon, an Irish American priest who was then head of the Hispanic apostolate in the Chicago Diocese, organized the Caballeros de San Juan (Knights of San Juan), as a religiously inspired community action group among Puerto Rican men. The group was tremendously successful and soon became a model that other dioceses strove to replicate around the country, including in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. Monsignor Mahon developed the program based on the idea that religious development takes place best where social stability and self-confidence prevail. The Caballeros provided both for Puerto Rican immigrants in Chicago.In 1963 Msgr. Mahon was sent by the Archdiocese of Chicago to San Miguelitos, Panama. The mission was an experimental parish, based on the practice of liberation theology, organized by the Archdiocese of Chicago in 1962. He remained there until 1975. By 1980, when the project was terminated by the Archdiocese amidst controversy involving questions of theology and liturgy, the mission had assumed control over 53 parishes and base communities. Msgr. Mahon wrote about this experience in his autobiography, Fire Under My Feet: A Memoir of God’s Power in Panama (2007). After returning from Panama, Msgr. Mahon became pastor at St. Victor in Calumet, Indiana. During his tenure at St. Victor, he introduced Jubilee Retreat weekends, College of Ministry, Young Adult Ministry, and Operation Summer, an innovative program for teens in the parish and surrounding area. He also instituted a range of social service projects, instituted an �overhaul of the church sanctuary, as well as a Lay Diaconate program that brought more than 12 men of the parish into direct service within the church. In 1987, Msgr. Mahon left St. Victor and returned to Chicago, where he currently lives in St. Mary’s of the Woods Faith Community. He was made a bishop in 2010. �Transcript JOSE JIMENEZ: Okay, so Father Mahon you said is suffering from what? M: What? JJ: Father Mahone is suffering from what? M: He has a neuropathy which is -- it’s like -- it would be something like ALS but not quite. It’s not the same thing. It’s more it kills the nerve or one at a time and that shuts down the muscles, too. But he’s gradually losing all the movement in his body. I came here 10 years ago. He was still driving his car but he can’t drive it now. And this young man is, the, José, this person who is taking care of him, completely wonderful. Wonderful caregiver. And there’s a -- this young woman is a nurse who’s visiting. But that’s -- Leo just has to be careful. (break in video) LEO MAHON: And after two or three evenings, I discovered that [00:01:00] it was going right over their heads. There was no reaction, no excitement. And I thought to myself of the gospel. “What doesn’t produce them excites them, excites some enthusiasm.” And this is really the good news. So we began all over again and I asked him questions. JJ: Do you remember what year this was that the Puerto Ricans came to you or...? LM: Yes, 1950, early 1950s. JJ: Early 1950? And then went to 63rd Street. Is that...? LM: Yeah. 1 �JJ: Okay. And so [00:02:00] the people you went to did not -- they said they were there to treat the elite? Is that the words that you’re saying? LM: Yeah. JJ: And you had to do it yourself? LM: Yeah. JJ: Okay. And then what happened after that, Father? LM: Well, we built up a system when I would explain some of the articles of faith and if it struck them as being good, exciting, they would tell me. If they say, “No, that won’t work at all,” then I’d skip that. And so a whole [00:03:00] series of instructions began to evolve and it was taken down by a nun and actually published in the book. And then we had an office at 13th and Wabash and our men are all over the communities. The Caballeros were establishing communities where in the 12 different places where Puerto Ricans were living. JJ: Twelve different churches? LM: Yeah. [00:04:00] Well, sometimes they were in church and sometimes, they weren’t. JJ: So sometimes they were like homes or storefronts or...? LM: Yeah. Yes. They always managed to get a clubhouse where they could read. Sometimes, if they were welcome into a church but they weren’t always. There was a prejudice against many Catholic parishes. JJ: You said there was some prejudice, Father? LM: Oh, yes. JJ: Against the Puerto Ricans or...? 2 �LM: Yes. JJ: Okay. But they were able to just work through that or...? LM: In many cases, yes. JJ: Okay. Okay. But in the beginning -- okay, we did talk about the [00:05:00] -that’s in the -- I got a book. I just want to make sure it’s okay. There’s a couple pictures in there. I want to make sure it’s okay by you if I can use those pictures. LM: All right? JJ: Is it okay? LM: Yes. JJ: Okay. I just want to make sure. Okay, any -- do you remember at all like the parade, the first parade that they had or...? LM: Yeah. JJ: In 1953, I believe? LM: Yeah. JJ: What do you remember about that? LM: Well, we brought a lamb into the mayor’s office. JJ: Into (laughs) mayor Daley’s office at that time? LM: Yeah. And -- JJ: What did the lamb represent? LM: Well, the lamb -- JJ: I know it’s a symbol of Puerto Rico, too, the lamb. LM: Yeah. JJ: Is that why they brought that or...? 3 �LM: [00:06:00] Yeah. JJ: And also it’s -- has to do with the church, I think. LM: Yeah. JJ: Okay. LM: And so the mayor responded by allowing the parade. JJ: By allowing the parade to take place? LM: Yeah. JJ: Okay. And this was in 1953 so it’s not -- and do you remember where it was? I think -- was it the Holy Name Cathedral or...? LM: No, I don’t remember. JJ: All right. You don’t remember. Okay, okay. Oh no, well you -- but you did go to - you were in downtown with the mayor so that’s what you recall. LM: Yeah. JJ: Okay. Anything else that you want to -- that you think we should -- [00:07:00] that you want -- that’s important of that time? With the Caballeros that you feel we should take -- of your work because you did a lot of work. LM: Yeah, we formed the Hermanos but I think Father [Don?] told you about that. JJ: Yeah, we were talking about the Hermano. LM: Yeah. JJ: And you also went to Panama, too. LM: Yes. JJ: We were talking about that. LM: Yes, when Cardinal Meyer came in after Cardinal Stritch died. 4 �JJ: That’s Cardinal Strich, okay. LM: He was very interested in the work and he -- at first, he -- [00:08:00] there was a call from the Pope to send help, especially personnel from the established churches in the world, in the Western World. You know, in Europe and in North America, Canada. And at first he said you just knew. At first he said, “I have too much on my plate. I can’t do that.” So we waited and then he went to the council as one of the Council Fathers, second Vatican, [00:09:00] and he came back a very changed man. And he said -- JJ: Can you hold on one second, Father? I’m sorry. (break in video) LM: -- cardinal said. JJ: But the cardinal -- coming back, you were telling me -- okay, we’ll start. LM: From Rome. And saying that even though he thought we needed priests here, there was more need in other places. And that we should sacrifice and send them to Latin America. And then he asked me where I thought we should go and I said, “Well, either [00:10:00] Panama or Puerto Rico itself.” JJ: And why did you choose those locations? LM: Why? JJ: Yeah, why did you choose them? LM: Well, both were close to the Puerto Rican community. Well, the -- Puerto Rico was. And Panama, there was a new, young bishop there who we thought would be very welcoming. And then he came. I said, “Well, you’ll have to see the cardinal. [00:11:00] I can’t begin any mission until you see him.” And the 5 �cardinal asked him to come up and talk to him. And he agreed to send priests there, set three priests aside. And the cardinal had asked me for a plan. And one plan was to just send the priest down to serve in the diocese. The second was to join [Mary Null?] or the [St. James Society?]. And the fourth was to begin [00:12:00] an experimental parish. To try different methods of missionary work especially explaining the way to people. First of all, to accept their own dignity and worth. And then to, as part of the message, that the human being, especially the believer, is a masterpiece of God’s creation and they shouldn’t think -because they always [00:13:00] had this notion of the upper class telling them what to do. And so that was one of their enslavements as you might call it. The other one was their attitude towards women which was really, really poor. Their women were things. And the most sacred things, but never persons. And it was only when we broke that by retreats and [00:14:00] that they decided that they had to include the women with them in a whole new life, a whole new way of doing things. JJ: You started at that time? LM: Yeah. JJ: So with a lot of movement, a lot of people involved, getting involved? Is that what took place or how did -- did you -- or how did you see the developments taking place? LM: Well, first of all, we had no right, direct participation with the men. [00:15:00] There was a division. The women went to church and handled all the church affairs and the men didn’t go at all, didn’t participate. So when the women met 6 �with me, I said to them -- they asked what I -- they could do. And I said, “Could you give me a year or two to work with the men only?” And they were quite amused and they said good luck. But it turned out to be a very [00:16:00] good thing. And the men especially, they had notions of virgin that were very, very anti-clerical. And it was only when we brought some six-packs of beer and met with some of the leaders in the community -- we thought were leaders or could be -- and they asked what we were there for. And I said, “What do you think we’re here for?” “Oh, we’re here -- you’re here to take the kids to catechism.” I said, “I have no intention [00:17:00] of taking kids to that catechism.” “Oh, well, then you’re going to build a church.” I said, “Well, if I build a church, would you come to mass?” “No.” “Well, I’m not going to do it.” “Well, what are you going to do?” I said, “Start a revolution.” And that’s when they got interested. The word meant a lot to them. JJ: The word revolution meant a lot to them? LM: Yeah. Not a -- they didn’t think of it as an arms revolution. JJ: Okay. Spiritual. LM: A spiritual revolution. A whole change of order for them in the social scheme of things. And that [00:18:00] began the movement in Puerto Rico. Father Don -- JJ: You mean in Panama. LM: Panama, yeah. Father Don probably explained more of that to you. JJ: He explained it, he explained it. What about your work here before you left there? I know you left early with the Caballeros and that. But what was some of the work that you were doing then? 7 �LM: I thought I explained that. JJ: Oh, you did. Okay, okay, you did. Okay, but you came back here and did you do any work before you were being sick or...? LM: When I came back? JJ: Yes. LM: (laughs) That’s an interesting story. I was [00:19:00] really overworked and overstressed. I was the vicar episcopal for the whole east part of Panama which meant that I -- or had almost the powers of a bishop to organize communities. And I did that with lay people, of course. But it provoked a lot of problems with the government and with the church hierarchy. So finally, I was tired and I had fought with the government especially. [00:20:00] But they were -- both authorities were glad to see me go. So I wired Cardinal Cody who was in office by that time that I was coming home. And he wired back, “Due to peculiar circumstances here in Chicago, you may not return.” And I answer once again, “I belong in Chicago more than you do and I’m coming home as of this date.” So then when I met with him, it took [00:21:00] two years to get any notice from him at all. And finally, I met with him and he said, “Well, you did a good job.” And I said, “That’s the first kind word you have said about me or about the work in Panama.” “Well, it’s true,” he said. “Now,” he said, “I want you -- you may have any parish in the diocese.” That’s 400 parishes. “You may have any one. Except where there are Spanish-speaking or Blacks.” And I said, “Well, [00:22:00] if that’s your wish, I’ll obey it but I’d like to know the reason.” And he said, “If I -- if you go to one of those parishes, that’ll be your movement to make 8 �you a bishop. And I’m not naming you a bishop. Never, never, never.” So there was a parish open in working people in a steel mill district in Calumet City. And I took that one. I had a wonderful experience. The same methods worked with them. JJ: But this was not Black or Spanish or [00:23:00] Latino. LM: No, no, they were almost all -- JJ: They were all what? LM: Slavik. JJ: Slavik? Okay. LM: Yeah. Mostly Polish. JJ: Mostly Polish, okay. LM: Working in the mills and making very good money. JJ: Okay. LM: And then the steel mill fell apart as you know. JJ: I don’t know. It fell apart? I’m not -- LM: Yeah. JJ: You mean the industry fell apart. LM: Yeah. JJ: Okay. So how long were you there, Father, in Calumet? LM: I was there 12 years. JJ: Twelve years, okay. LM: And then I decided -- it might’ve been 11, but anyway. I decided that [00:24:00] I had done my job there. 9 �JJ: But yeah, before that, Father, you said you had a wonderful experience there. Can you describe what you mean or...? LM: Well, there was a convent there that was occupied by five or six nuns of an order that would -- but they weren’t working in the parish at all. So I asked them to leave and we ended up with a beautiful building, 16 rooms and a chapel. And we put two beds in each room so we could put 32 men or women [00:25:00] on retreat what we called a cursillo. And they were different cursillo from the one that came from Spain. And it ended up with a -- all of them sitting around a table and celebrating the Eucharist together. Even it was an upper-room experience. And they were tremendously moved. And they became the heart of the movement and then we did that, I don’t know, maybe [00:26:00] 30 more of those retreats. So a good num- -- a good percentage of the parish had been instructed in that manner. And then the liturgies changed with music and with preaching and participation of the lady. So people began to come from other parishes and from Indiana which was close. So much so that the bishop of Gary complained to our bishop in Chicago [00:27:00] that we were stealing his people. Which amused the cardinal very much, the archbishop of Chicago. JJ: It amused the archbishop, you said? LM: Yeah. He had no intention. He just said to the bishop there, “Maybe you ought to do what they’re doing if it’s that successful.” So then, I took a year of sabbatical after I left there and I wrote my memoir part of which were published. It amounted to an autobiography [00:28:00] but the publisher said it’s a very good book. But unless you have a name like Eisenhower or something like that, 10 �nobody would buy that book. We can’t sell it. So it was never published and I still have it in manuscript. But a friend of mine showed it to a professor at Columbia College and she said, “Oh, my. We’ve got to publish this.” And I explained the difficulties and she tried with her contacts [00:29:00] to get it published. So no go. So then she took some material out of there, especially the Panamanian experience, and wrote a book or edited the book. It was my writing. JJ: Is that Nancy? Is that that book that I have or...? LM: Yes. JJ: Okay. All right. LM: Yeah, that’s the one. Fire Under My Feet. JJ: Right, right, that’s the one. LM: Yeah. Okay? JJ: Okay. I appreciate very much, Father. LM: You’re very welcome. END OF VIDEO FILE 11 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6bd60ea9e993985bb8a64cc069a3a3c8.mp4 254a5c19779f31e4247e69d231cffa3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Monsignor Leo T. Mahon vídeo entrevista y biografía Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Narrativas personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Iglesia Católica. Arquidiócesis de Chicago (Ill.) Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park (RHC-65)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Mahon_Leo Title A name given to the resource Monsignor Leo T. Mahon interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mahon, Leo Description An account of the resource In the early 1950s, Monsignor Leo T. Mahon, an Irish American priest who was then head of the Hispanic apostolate in the Chicago Diocese, organized the (Knights of San Juan), as a religiously inspired community action group among Puerto Rican men. The group was tremendously successful and soon became a model that other dioceses strove to replicate around the country, including in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. Monsignor Mahon developed the program based on the idea that religious development takes place best where social stability and self-confidence prevail. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Chicago (Ill.) Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-08-21 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e1790ac3d4ffffe921115687e325670c.mp4 af21187bca5ac16629a9c9766a1c2052 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a8cec137cbe4dee98311bc60936b97c6.pdf 5ee96d1020db95bcaa37bd975d820a68 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Donald Mahoney (40:00) (00:01) Background Information • Donald was born in Revere, Massachusetts in January of 1931 • His dad was a truck driver and his mom wrote for the Boston Globe • He joined the Reserves first in early 1948 then the Marines and went to Parris Island, SC (2:25) Training • • • • • • Donald described basic training as “hell on Earth” and “hot and humid” They had to change their outfits 4 or 5 times a day He left SC and went to NH to a Marine barracks and was a security guard at the front gate His job for a year and a half was to check people coming in and out In march of 1950 he went to Camp LeJeune, NC and was assigned to the 2nd battalion of the 6th Marines for combat training On August 13, 1950 he took a train to Camp Pendleton for 2 weeks of advanced combat training and moved to the 7th Marines (5:35) Deployment to Korea • • • • • • • • • • • On September 1, 1950 he boarded the USS Bayfield It took 14 days to get to Kobe, Japan and then to South Korea Donald got seasick, but not for the entire time He didn’t know much about what was going on in Korea at the time As a Headquarters Company they supported the Line Companies Sometimes he was a runner between companies They first went to Seoul, South Korea and they secured it on September 29, 1950 That night a bullet grazed him across the face On October 3, 1950 he went to Hungnam and boarded a ship called the General Sultan They went up and down the coast and got off at Fort Mason After that they moved to central Korea (11:55) Attacked by the Chinese • On June 17, 1951 the Chinese fired mortars at Donald’s unit and he was hit in the left leg and chest • He was taken by helicopter to a MASH unit and then took a train to Pusan • Donald boarded a hospital ship called the USS Haven and spent almost a month there �• • • • He felt that “the doctors and nurses were incredible” He would read and play cards to pass the time He was able to catch up with a friend who he had not spoken with since boot camp After getting off the ship he returned to the front line for a few days (15:51) Conditions in Korea • • • • They slept on the ground Received C rations and cigarettes The temperature got down to 20 to 30 below zero He couldn’t clean himself up that well (18:55) Back to the US • • • • • • • • • • They landed in San Diego, CA and then went to Camp Pendleton for processing In 1952 he was stationed in Boston, MA He did clerical work on reserve reports Met Ted Williams when he came to the base Donald spent a month at a Naval hospital in Chelsea, MA because of a shrapnel wound from a year ago Donald then went to Quantico, VA for 3.5 years where he was a data entry analyst and transferred text to code He went to Kansas City then to Chicago While in Chicago he was up near Grand Rapids, MI and met his wife They went to El Toro, a Marine Corps Air Station in Santa Monica, CA He was in the 5th Data Processing Platoon and kept records of Air Wings for 3.5 years (26:00) Back Overseas • • • • In 1964 Donald went to Iwakuni, Japan Donald went to the Olympics and visited Hiroshima He was stationed there for 13 months In January of 1968 he went back to Kansas City and retired from the Marines (30:40) Post Retirement • • Donald worked at machine tool factory building surface grinders for 32 years His position was a Production Expert (31:34) After Retiring From Work • Donald joined the Korean War Veterans club �• • • There are about a dozen of them that meet at the VFW, and belong to a national organization called Tell America They go to schools, rest homes, churches, and hospitals to tell their personal stories and show visuals He also belongs to the American Legion � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MahoneyD Title A name given to the resource Mahoney, Donald (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mahoney, Donald Description An account of the resource Donald Mahoney was born in Revere, Massachusetts in January of 1931. He joined the Marines in 1948 and was sent to South Korea to fight in the war in September of 1950. Shortly after arriving they took Seoul, South Korea and that same night Donald was grazed by a bullet and earned his first Purple Heart. He earned his second Purple Heart when he was attacked by Chinese mortar fire and hit with shrapnel. After the war he was stationed as a data analyst in Boston, Quantico, Kansas City, Chicago, Santa Anna, Iwakuni Japan, and then back at Kansas City. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-07-17 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2a067bdbda22e80ecc36eb01dc5f44e0.pdf 5541a54461476874cfe5f3272e570875 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Simon Maier (18:27) Background Information (00:26)  Before being drafted in the fall of 1954, Simon was a farmer, part time carpenter and was married. (00:29) Service (1:00)        Though Simon’s unit was ordered to go overseas, the unit never left the U.S. (1:03) He was an electrician and was assigned to the 6th Armored Division on the west coast of the U.S. (1:26) His unit was later utilized by the Air Force to construct runways. (2:00) In the winter of 1956 while assigned to the Air Force there was a flood. The Army was called in to assist with clean up and a bridge construction. Simon’s unit assisted with this task which included moving a house. (2:24) The house the men had to move was cut in half by the cable they would use to move it. The man who owned the house was frustrated because he wanted to salvage the lumber. (5:08) One night after the flood occurred, the levies broke a second time. This resulted in a solder’s wife and child dyeing in a nearby flooded town. (6:20) While the National Guard was sending men over to train on a firing range Simon was at, the truck flipped and 3 men were killed. (7:35) Life During Service (8:00)    Simon served on duty 8-10 hours a day. He was allowed to leave base to eat dinner at home but only had 45 minutes. (8:01) Simon recalls that the food was usually very good. (9:16) Because his family did not have a telephone in his house, Simon mostly wrote letters to keep touch with them. (9:46) Training (10:26)    After he completed training Simon was sent to electrician school and demolition school. (10:46) On Christmas, the men were able to have friends over for a little party. (11:17) Simon was trained on the M1 rifle as well as the .50 caliber machine gun. (11:50) Effects of service (12:15)    When Simon was in the military the men he served with were fairly diverse and mostly simple common sort of men. Overall he enjoyed his experience. (12:19) Simon has made and retained some very close friendships as a result of his service. (13:00) He does not recall there being any fights or very much crime where he served. (13:55) �Service cont. (14:55)     Simon was originally trained to set up camps from scratch. He specifically was trained to setup the entirety of electrical systems. These skills were never put into practice. (15:00) During the flood that Simon served in, the Army did help restore the area. (15:50) The military base even opened up part of their quarters during the flood for civilians that had no place to go. (17:00) Meeting the people Simon served with was by far one of the most rewarding aspects of Simon’s service. (17:30) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MaierS1361V Title A name given to the resource Maier, Simeon (Interview outline), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maier, Simeon Description An account of the resource Simon Maier served in the U.S. Army from 1954-1956. He trained as an electrician and got assigned to the 6th Armored Division on the west coast of the U.S. For most of Simon's service his unit was contracted by the Air Force to build runways. He also assisted in pickup after a large flood in 1956. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dutcher, Hannah (Interviewr) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-11-10 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0a321187a9a907253ee8f2938318f32f.mp4 1413c1606030a77e1f922b135df800dd https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f233504d3d5e52e2a7a5ae3b373ad9ea.pdf b2b5f2381aeed207b2c51266a56c99ad PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Heather Majestic (40:51) Background Information (00:28) • Born May 11th 1971 in Pennsylvania. (00:29) • Served in the U.S. Navy. (00:34) • She had 2 sisters and both parents worked as teachers. (1:07) • Heather was a marching band in high school and served as the drum major. (1:15) • One of her sister’s served in the Air Force for 8 years. (2:50) • Both Heather and her sister served in the ROTC program as a way to get money to make Notre Dame a more affordable college choice in 1989. (3:15) • Part of being in the ROTC she was required to do summer training and was also required to take classes related to military work. (4:01) • Heather’s grandfather also served in the Navy and was awarded a purple heart. (4:39) • Heather’s involvement in the military was entirely voluntary. After a physical and fitness tests. She received 100% funding during college as a result of being in the ROTC. (5:30) Service in the ROTC (7:00) • She was required to take classes on Naval history and jargon. She also learned basic engineering and navigation. (7:12) • Every week the ROTC students had drill. Juniors and seniors were required to hold more leadership positions. (7:56) • A sailing and swimming exam needed to be passed by the students. (8:30) • In the summer the students were sent on cruses. She was sent on a ship to Guam and Japan. (9:00) • Picture of submarines Heather served on. The space was very cramp. There were not enough bed for everybody on the submarine. But because there is always someone on deck, there were always enough beds for the amount of people who were sleeping. (9:35) • Her grades were not good enough to fly jets but she was allowed to briefly fly a P3 reconnaissance aircraft. (12:16) • In Marine Week, the students were given M16s with blanks and practiced a beach landing. (13:14) • After completing the ROTC program at the end of college Heather was commissioned in 1993. (14:22) • After being commissioned she took 1 month off and then started back up and attended Navy Supply Course School in Athens, Georgia. (14:50) Supply Course School (16:00) • Heather then began her program in Supply course school at the University of Alabama [Georgia?]. The program lasted 6th months. During this time she lived off campus. (16:00) �• • • Most of the training was done as if the student would serve on a ship. One of the things she was taught to do was how to do food services and pay disbursement. (16:10) She also was taught on how to run a retail store and supply the ship. (17:31) After completing the course the students were given the choice as to what ship they wanted to go on. At the time (1993/1994) because Heather was a woman she was limited to serving on ships that were not in combat. (18:06) Service in Alaska (19:30) • She served for 1 year in Alaska on the Aleutian Islands with cryptologists. (19:36) • She did not have high enough security clearance as an officer to access most of the buildings she served at in the Aleutian Islands. (20:00) • After her year in service the law limiting women sailors to non-combat vessels was repealed. In 1994/1995 Heather then served aboard the USS Eisenhower (an aircraft carrier). (20:40) Service aboard the USS Eisenhower (22:30) • When heather joined the ship it was in the Mediterranean. She was flown first to Sicily, and then flown aboard the aircraft carrier. (22:33) • The ship was the first combat ship to have women aboard. (23:40) • The ship stopped in Turkey. When she was in port her sister in the Air Force met with Heather. (24:11) • Heather was sent to Haiti for 3 months while stationed on the Eisenhower to assist with the construction of roads and schools. There she was assigned with finding ways to purchase lumber and supplies. (25:22) • After returning to the ship the ship was doing sea trials. (27:12) • Heather was a lieutenant when she exited the Navy. (28:46) Shore Duty (29:19) • After serving aboard the USS Eisenhower Heather worked on shore duty with a Navy SEAL team. (29:19) • Heather worked for 2 years with the SEALs and requested to leave the military. In approx. 1997. (29:44) • She worked with SEAL team 2, witch served in cold weather, and purchased much of their supplies. (30:32) Women aboard Combat vessels (33:30) • There was sensitivity training done for the sailors before the women were to serve on combat vessels. (33:34) • There were pregnancies aboard ship but this was due to visiting families in port not relations between sailors. (34:31) • There were news crews that interviewed people aboard the first mixed gender crew that Heather served in. (35:41) �Final Thoughts (37:00) • She visited Japan and ground zero for the dropping of the atomic bombs. (37:08) • Her favorite place she visited was Nova Scotia. (37:36) • She learned how to scuba dive in Haiti.(39:00) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MajesticHNoId Title A name given to the resource Majestic, Heather (Interview outline and video), 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Majestic, Heather Description An account of the resource Heather Majestic, born in 1971 in Pennsylvania, served in the U.S. Navy from 1993 to 1997. She went through the Naval ROTC program at Notre Dame University, and received her commission after graduation. She then took training in Naval Supply, and served for a year with a cryptology unit based in the Aleutian Islands. While she was there, the rules were changed to allow women to serve on combat vessels, and she was assigned to the aircraft carrier Eisenhower, and sailed with the ship on cruises in the Mediterranean and Caribbean, and spent three months on detached duty in Haiti on a humanitarian mission. She was then transferred to shore duty where she served as the supply officer for Seal Team 2. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Swift, Morgan (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Navy Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05-25 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8e8ed1523f0fab96d9d8adf345d54074.mp4 656cd6f23bac62a92708b094fb6920a2 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6c150f8cf6bb35fec77dd08ef1a00fa6.pdf 783c6f6056d35636af0d8385e0cf1846 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran History Project Frank Maleckas Jr. (01:37:00) Frank Maleckas Sr. Background • (00:20) His parents were European-born, and came over in 1910. His mother was Polish, and his father was Lithuanian. At the time, Poland and Lithuania were still part of the Russian Empire. • (01:05) At the time, Russia had compulsory military service. His father objected to the military, and was encouraged to emigrate by foreign agents. The agents helped him leave the country. • (02:20) His father left Lithuania essentially on foot and arrived in Germany. He took a train to Hamburg, and then took a train to America. Agents had talked him into leaving Germany. • (03:32) America was described as a “heavenly country” free of military obligation. • (05:04) The ship was full of Lithuanians, Poles, and some Russians and Germans. • (05:33) In Lithuania, his father had been a farmer. • (06:27) His father went to work at Niagara Falls, New York. A Lithuanian agent helped him secure a job in the area. • (06:44) Frank Sr. married while in New York. He and his wife had a son, Frank Jr., in 1916. • (07:06) While in Niagara Falls, Frank Sr. worked in a factory but didn’t care for it much as he was more accustomed to being a farmer. • (08:16) Frank Sr. subscribed to a Lithuanian newspaper and followed up on an ad from a real estate agency in Michigan. The newspaper advertised that there was a large amount of good land available in Michigan. • (09:09) The factory Frank Sr. worked in was a flourmill factory. • (09:58) Frank Sr. found a real estate agent who would help him move to Michigan and be a farmer. • (10:14) The real estate agent helped him secure land. This was about 1920. • (10:40) The farm was about six miles south and two miles east of Custer, near Barnes Lake. • (11:05) The agent helped Frank Sr. finance the farm. �• (11:34) The land was 480 acres of former timberland. The loggers had stripped it of timber, and left stumps. • (12:40) The loggers had been very wasteful and left logs with low quality wood behind. The land was full of rejected logs, in addition to the stumps. • (12:50) Frank Sr. used as much of the wood as possible for firewood. • (13:06) Frank Sr. bought horses, farm equipment, and cattle. Frank Jr’s Pre-Enlistment • (14:30) Frank Jr. graduated from Custer High School in 1936. • (14:47) Frank helped his father farm after graduating. • (15:05) Had never been sure of what he wanted to do after graduating. He always assumed, until his senior year that he would help his father farm. The superintendant wanted him to go to college. • (16:27) Frank hadn’t planned on going to college. He didn’t think it was a realistic goal at the time. • (16:20) He helped his father dynamite stumps. • (16:30) The superintendant was very forceful that Frank Jr. should go to college, and that he could help his father better with a college education. • (17:05) The superintendant knew people at Western Michigan University and wanted to arrange for Frank to attend there. • (18:26) Frank knew someone who worked on a car ferry in Ludington. • (19:25) Frank wasn’t sure if he could get a job in Ludington, as he had no way to go there and he felt he had an obligation to help his father farm. • (20:32) Frank suggested Western Michigan because he knew the superintendant had gone there, and he couldn’t think of any other colleges at the time. He was very worried the superintendant might hit him. • (20:54) Frank had been the “number two graduate” at the school. • (21:19) Frank worked on the car ferry in Ludington. • (21:38) He went to college afterward. • (21:48) Frank knew the man who worked on the ferry because he went fishing on a lake near Frank’s home. • (22:45) The superintendant made a phone call to the man in Ludington, and had Frank speak to him. �• (23:21) Frank was told he had a job if he came there immediately, as they needed help badly because of summer tourism. • (23:39) Frank talked to his parents, and began working at the car ferry. Enlistment • (24:02) He was drafted in 1941, after his fourth year of college. He was drafted before the Pearl Harbor attack. • (24:41) He was assigned to the 32nd Infantry Division at Camp Livingston, LA. • (25:52) Despite following the superintendants plan, he was not able to secure a better job after college because the Army “snatched him up.” • (25:46) At Livingston, half of the men lived in barracks and the other half lived in tends. • (26:08) Frank was assigned to a heavy weapons company, and was assigned to be the expert machine gunner. • (26:43) America was not yet involved in the war, but the war was raging in Europe. • (27:01) He was in the military a few months into his year of duty when Pearl Harbor was attacked. • (27:17) Roosevelt cancelled all the discharges because of the attack. He advised the nation that they were “in it for the duration.” • (28:22) At the time, the American Air Force [Army Air Corps] was sub-par. Roosevelt issued an order than anyone already in the Armed Services must be allowed to transfer if they so wished and passed the physicals. • (29:05) Frank decided to take the tests, and passed first class. He had to remind his Sergeant he was allowed to transfer. • (29:50) He had heard mostly about pilots prior to his enlistment in the Air Corps. • (30:16) He took various tests and physicals and was assigned to be the navigator. • (30:59) He is unsure why he was assigned to be the navigator, but “orders were orders.” • (31:28) The bombers were long-range, and could go on trans-Atlantic flights, regardless of light or weather conditions. • (32:09) The pilot’s duty was to handle the plane; the navigators’ duty was to help them find their way. �• (32:37) He was assigned to the B-24 bombers. • (32:56) He was in training for about six months for navigation training. • (33:14) He flew planes specially designated to train navigators. All the planes used the same kind of navigation systems. • (33:44) There were schools throughout the nation; one was in Monroe, LA. There were other schools elsewhere. • (34:28) He was trained to navigate by the stars. • (35:30) The navigators also used broadcasting stations to triangulate their position. • (36:40) Triangulation had to be performed very quickly as the plane traveled 200 mph. Then they had to notify the pilot of their position. • (37:04) Navigation was especially critical over the ocean, as the radio aids could not be used. • (37:21) Navigators also used the sun and the moon to navigate. • (37:46) After being established as a qualified navigator, he was assigned to a bomb squadron. • (38:28) The Air Force had about ten thousand bombers, which were divided up into a few dozen bombs groups. First plane crash • (38:37) He was assigned to the 13th Air Force, which consisted of B-24’s. • (39:03) B-17’s, B-24’s, and the later B-29’s were all four-engine bombers. • (39:27) There were ten men in his crew- the pilot, the co-pilot, the bombardiers, the navigator, and six gunners. (There was a pilot, a co-pilot, a flight-engineer (who was also a waist-gunner), a bombardier, a radio operator, a tail-turret gunner, a front turret gunner, a ball turret gunner, and a second waist-gunner and himself) (Maleckas 17) • (40:23) All of the crew was officers, except for the gunners. • (41:24) Frank’s first pilot was Aldan A. Aleman • (41:43) Aldan was from Santa, Anna CA. He was a college graduate. • (42:01) Frank and Aldan were very close friends. • (42:51) The crew trained together. �• (43:04) They were assigned to pick up a new airplane in Colorado. There was an ice storm at the time. • (44:30)The pilot objected to the operation, because it was “not flying weather.” Command ordered the pilot to fly above the storm. • (45:44) The storm had rain which fell as liquid, but froze on contact. • (45:57) While in flight, the leading edge of the wing began building up a wall of ice. • (47:08) As they reached altitude, Frank gave the pilot an estimated time of arrival and directions. The plane began vibrating increasingly. • (47:46) The pilot couldn’t make the plane climb to the safe altitude above the storm, and the plane began to lose altitude. • (48:17) The plane began falling at 8,000 feet. • (48:57) The pilot advised everyone to put on their parachutes and prepare to bail. • (49:33) They were “in the soup,” that is, in the clouds. • (50:11) The order to bail never came, but he bailed anyway. • (50:48) The plane hit the ground and blew up. Frank was the only survivor. • (51:24) After the plane crash, Frank was “emotionally wrecked,” and hospitalized for a week. At the end, the doctor advised him he was “fit to fly.” • (52:10) Frank certainly didn’t feel “fit to fly” but decided the doctor was a better judge of his health and trusted his judgment. The Pacific Theater • (52:29) He next sent to the Pacific. He had to bail out again while in the Pacific, and landed in the ocean. • (52:50) After the second crash he was hospitalized for two weeks. • (53:11) He flew with many planes, and was assigned to a new crew. • (53:54) Frank saw combat in the Solomon Islands. • (54:15) He also saw combat at Guadalcanal. • (54:15) He found combat to be very unpleasant. • (55:01) The targets were usually enemy facilities, such as airports and sometimes harbors. �• (55:20) Air bases were the usual targets. • (55:37) Frank once flew over Truk Atoll, but the orders to bomb were not given, as it was only a reconnaissance mission. • (56:40) Estimates that 90% of his combat took place on the Solomon Islands. • (57:25)His crew attacked Choiseul and always encountered enemy fighters there. • (57:40) They also usually encountered enemy ground-fire. • (57:56) The Japanese vigorously defended their bases with anti-aircraft guns. • (58:15) The plane frequently came back with shrapnel and bullet holes, but no serious damage usually. • (58:40) Once, one of the planes lost a motor. • (59:25) They frequently flew reconnaissance, in addition to bombings. • (59:34) He doesn’t recall how many crews he flew with. He flew with four crews (Maleckas, XI) • (59:34) He doesn’t believe he flew on reconnaissance missions more than other navigators. • (01:00:02) Reconnaissance missions were very high priority. • (01:00:10) Reconnaissance missions usually lasted seven to eight hours of flight time, and about ten to twelve hours if pre and post mission procedures were included. • (01:01:04) Combat was usually within five hundred miles from their air base. • (01:01:20) The bombers usually had fighter escorts • (01:01:35) Japanese fighters were sometimes sent against them, and then the escorts would engage. • (01:02:01) Enemy fighters seldom got to the bombers because the fighter escorts usually took care of them. • (01:02:35) Frank flew fewer than twenty combat/bombing missions. • (01:02:46) Frank flew between twenty and thirty reconnaissance missions. • (01:02:57) The Japanese Navy was active in the area, and the Americans needed to be aware of their position, which was the main reason for the reconnaissance missions. �• (01:03:16) Sometimes, while on reconnaissance, they saw nothing, and other times they saw things they did not expect. • (01:03:39) The second time he was shot down, it was during a reconnaissance mission. • (01:04:44) While on reconnaissance, he saw a great variety of enemy ships, used mostly for transporting supplies. • (01:04:44) Once they flew over a ship that shot back, but that was rare. • (01:05:40) He did not encounter enemy fighters while on reconnaissance missions. • (01:05:18) They had standing orders to bomb a target while on a reconnaissance mission if an opportunity arose. • (01:05:41) Reconnaissance missions were longer-range than combat missions, so they carried fewer bombs to lighten the load. • (01:06:37) The vast majority (80-90%) of the time, the planes flew out of Guadalcanal, and sometimes out of the New Hebrides. • (01:07:14) He was never based farther North than Guadalcanal. • (01:07:27) He remained in the Air Corps until the completion of the War, and then he was put in a training post to train new navigators and pilots. • (01:07:56) He spent less than a year training, and was not made a trainer until later on. Second Plane Crash • (01:09:31) He earned a Purple Heart while in the Air Force. • (01:10:08) During his second crash, he did not buckle his parachute correctly. He landed in the Pacific Ocean. • (01:11:03) He spent a lot of time in the water. • (01:11:26) A B-24 dropped a life raft to him, but they forgot to inflate it so it sunk and he could not find it. • (01:11:56) He still had his life jacket, and he found several closed and floating bottles of oxygen. He tied the oxygen bottles to himself using his shoelaces. The gas-filled bottles helped him stay afloat better. • (01:12:39) The oxygen bottles gradually leaked and filled with water, making them sink. �• (01:13:11) He did not see any other swimmers while in the Pacific. He remained afloat for about two days. • (01:13:45) He thought he could see a highway on a nearby island. • (01:14:00) Frank thought he saw angels, which talked to him. The angles had wings on their back, and on their feet, which they used to skip on the water. • (01:14:55) The angels told Frank that they would not abandon him. • (01:15:21) He saw a door open in the island, and submarine came out of it. • (01:15:59) He had been losing strength, and was thinking about drowning himself, but the angels talked him out of it. • (01:16:35) He doesn’t think there really were angels with him that night he was seeing things due to the shock and exhaustion. • (01:16:46) After seeing the angels, he put his feet down, and touched the ground. • (01:17:22) He heard Japanese cars, but did not see any traffic on the island. • The island was undeveloped at the time, and no highway or cars were present. (01:17:46) • Once he was on shore he immediately slept, as he had no strength left. (01:18:04) • (01:18:46) When he awoke, he was prepared to fight any nearby enemy if need be. • (01:19:04) He had been exhausted because he had not slept at all for the two days he was at sea. He thinks this is also part of the reason he has a hard time remembering the episode. • (01:19:28) After waking up, he ate some plants and shot some fish. • (01:20:08) He also ate roots, and some crabs. • (01:20:34) He had to pull the claws and exoskeleton off the crab to get at the meat. • (01:21:07) He saw some natives in the ocean near the eastern end of the island. The island was Choiseul. • (01:21:38) He went to the natives for help. At first they were unsure what to do with him. Frank thinks they thought he was Japanese because of his sunburned skin. • (01:22:10) Eventually the natives took care of him, and fed him. �• (01:22:27) The natives were very nice people. • (01:22:56) One of the natives was an educated doctor. The natives used grenades to fish. • (01:23:49)They would throw a grenade, which made a large splash when it landed in the water. Fish would then swarm around it to inspect it and it would explode. Dead and stunned fish would then float up to the surface. • (01:24:43) There was a Coast Watch established in the area, which was staffed either by Australians or New Zealanders. • (01:25:23) The Coast Watch eventually found him. • (01:25:36) During peacetime, many members of the Coast Watch were local businessmen and entrepreneurs. During the war they had either refused to evacuate, been unable to evacuate, or had decided to contribute to the war effort. • (01:26:12) The Coast Watch made calls to get him off the island. • (01:27:49) The Coast Watch kept bases deep within the jungle. • (01:28:17) The Coast Watch was in communication with the American Headquarters at Guadalcanal. • (01:29:30) It took awhile for him to get picked up. It was very risky for them to land because of Japanese forces nearby. Additionally, it was a lot of trouble to pick up one man. • (01:30:07) Eventually a seaplane was sent out. • (01:30:23) The natives captured a Japanese prisoner to provide the Americans another incentive to send a plane. • (01:30:52) The natives and the Coast Watch were very well organized. They frequently provided the Americans with intelligence and prisoners. • (01:32:02) Frank thinks the plane was sent mostly for the prisoner. • (01:32:24) The seaplanes were also used to send supplies. • (01:32:36) The seaplane took him to Guadalcanal. • (01:32:52) After being brought back, his combat career in WWII ended and he began training recruits. • (01:33:45) He landed on the Philippines, the war was going well, and he was eligible for re-assignment. �• (01:34:23) When he got back, he met the superintendant Arthur Richter again. They needed a teacher, and so he taught at Frankfort High School. • (01:35:45) He taught from then on. • (01:35:54) He taught at Frankfort for twelve years, and then at Scottsdale. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MaleckasF Title A name given to the resource Maleckas Jr., Frank (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maleckas Jr., Frank Description An account of the resource Frank Maleckas, Jr. was born in 1916 in Niagara Falls, New York, and grew up in Michigan. He attended Western Michigan University, and was drafted in 1941. After basic training in the infantry, he switched to the Army Air Corps, serving as a navigator on B-24s. He was the sole survivor of two air crashes, one in training and one in the Solomon Islands. He flew missions from Guadalcanal until the second crash, which he survived by keeping himself afloat for two days, making his way to shore on Choiseul, and being aided by natives and a coastwatcher. After his rescue, he was assigned to training duty. Frank wrote a book on his experiences: One 11 Millionth of a War. Elk Rapids, Mich.: Bookability Inc, 2000. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-03-20 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bd59d30757d77ccd6db49f92607a4a47.mp4 74fcd9d85ffc199cea4171e5408fd0b3 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2462fa4e59fcaa1c3e7d9353abed2d7a.pdf 035819b06f1cbd052ff1b00b3806c0f5 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Bernard Malewitz (00:43:17:07) (0:39) Background • Grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan on Burton Ave. [St.] • With his Mom and Dad and three sisters and one brother • Dad owned a plumbing and heating business o He now runs the business,  He was 8 years old when he started working for his father  Brought in water to the guys on the job sites 0:56)  Dad’s business helped put water lines into East Grand Rapids (1:42) • Attended St. Stephen’s Grade School (1:49) • University of Detroit for mechanical engineering • Graduated from Central High School • Drafted after WWII while he was in engineering school • He was deferred until the end of his semester, but the draft had expired by that time (2:01) (02:35) The Draft • There was a small draft in 1948 for the Berlin Air Lift, but he was still in college so he was deferred once again (2:38) • Korean War, he was one of the first on the buses • He was the 16th guy in Kent County Michigan to be called in for service (2:52) • He was sent to Fort Wayne in Detroit, Michigan (3:03) • Sent to Fort Knox, Kentucky for basic training o Spent 6 weeks there (3:17) • He said the country was confused and drafted everyone in a hurry (3:32) • No one in the barracks had been there for longer than 5 years o 60 man barracks had more than 200 people in it (3:40) • Had to stop the draft due to the large inflow of recruits (4:00) (04:05) Basic Training • He was sent to Fort Meyer after his basic training (4:06) • Sent with other mechanical, civil, and architectural engineers (4:29) • He was sent to Fort Belvoir to teach (4:46) • Sent to teach water distillation o Taught for the rest of his service (5:00) • His basic training was very physical (5:12) • He learned to shoot o He went hunting with his father since he was a child • He easily made marksman • He said the trainers were tough, but he didn’t find it too difficult (5:45) �(05:50) Teaching during the War • He taught 38 hours a week, he was only supposed to teach 18 hours a week (6:14) • They did not have enough teachers towards the end of his service o In the beginning they had too many people teaching, so they were all spread out to different facilities (6:20) • He was sent back to have engineering training o Learned how to build bridges and various types of buildings (6:35) • Says that the military did not match the person up with the proper job suitable for the person o People were not qualified to teach what they were assigned to teach (7:13) • He was in the Corps of Engineers o Due to his schooling background (7:25) • He taught a water distillation course o So far it was only used in Guantanamo Bay o He taught a wide range of soldiers • From privates to generals from foreign military personnel (7:34) • The courses he taught were 4 weeks long (8:25) • Taught filtration as well as distillation o He and his class would go do field work at the Potomac River to learn how to use the equipment (8:43) • This class was important because it was a necessary knowledge needed in Korea (9:06) • The equipment was needed to filter out the virus Shish Tison [?](9:25) • Military did not realize this virus was killing its men for awhile o Many people got sick and died later on because of this water born virus (9:44) • It attacked the liver (9:47) • He taught the course for two years in Washington (10:43) • He was drafted for 21 months, and it was extended o He did not receive orders for the extension o He was not allowed to just up and leave so he took it in stride (10:47) • During his basic training he lived in 60 man wooden barracks (11:46) • He played on the military golf team (12:08) • He went from private to sergeant in 7 weeks o This was very rare o He should have been a first lieutenant (12:29) • He became head instructor o He couldn’t become a first lieutenant because he was drafted (12:44) • If he became an officer he would have to stay another year o He politely declined that, with a laugh (13:04) • Part of the reason for his declining was because his father wanted him out of the service as quickly as possible (13:10) • He and the other men had free time after they completed their various jobs and duties o Such as guard duty (13:23) �His Dad sent him his golf clubs and the fort had a huge empty space that he used as a driving range o Said his barracks looked like a country club (14:19) (14:25) Golf • He helped teach others golf (14:52) o Which helped his own game he claims • He and his fellow recruits went to a small clubhouse for drinks o He signed up for the clubs golf championship (15:34) • The day of the championship was very hot and dry, but he was winning (16:06) • The captain he beat for the championship was head of the army’s golf team o He was recruited for it (16:52) • Played against other Army posts, Navy, Air Force, and Pentagon teams (17:29) • He was a part of the Second Army (17:50) • He was qualified for the Army golf contests all over the country (18:49) • He did not consider his service a burden, and he was willing to serve his country. o He felt that he owed it to his country o However, when his time for his service was up, he was ready to go (19:19) • He and his fellow teachers rewrote the course curriculum (20:29) • He said that the course was ancient and outdated and that it was not taught properly to be of any use to the soldiers in the field (20:41) • He was sent to take a course on teaching in the military once his basic training was complete o He was taught by a civilian teacher • The teacher was a dynamic influence on him and his service • It was a good experience (20:47) • He got written up for teaching too many hours, but his class was always given good marks (21:18) • He taught a lot of kids right out of college, he enjoyed their enthusiasm and youth o He also taught older officers (22:24) (22:30) Off Duty Activities • Went out to town a lot (22:49) • He would go to the Pentagon’s bus station and he could go anywhere in D.C. o He saw all the monuments and battle fields (23:25) • He rode a bus with the honor guard for the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier o He would never became one of those men • Too boring and basically spent their whole life cleaning he said (24:01) • He was in the service for 24 months (24:58) • He had students that had been in Korea and he heard many stories (25:06) • He wrote home a lot (27:15) • He spent a lot of his free time dating his wife, Jean, who he had met in Washington (27:26) • He met her through a blind date set up (27:53) • He married Jean after he got out of the service while still in Washington, before he made his return to Grand Rapids (28:25) • He saw a few USO shows during his service • �o He saw Bob Hope, but he doesn’t remember many of them (28:40) (29:00) After the War • At the end of his service he filled out his discharge papers and was glad to be done (29:11) • He contracted viral pneumonia while in the army (29:46) • He was sent into his discharge interview o He was discharged quickly, even though the pneumonia had given him back issue due to a faulty spinal tap (31:40) • He had to go to a doctor who was not a very good, nor professional, doctor o The doctor had an under qualified nurse perform a spinal tap • The same doctor would not help treat a dying “Colored” soldier o Bernard was offended (33:00) • The Jim Crow laws were still in effect • He was still in service when Truman started to integrate the troops [ed. note—this process started in 1948, before Korea] (34:45) • Racism was not a big problem that he noticed in his area (35:41) • He had a friend that was from Flint, Michigan who got out of the service at the same time o His friend owned a car, so they drove home together (36:01) • They toured through New York first (36:53) • He did not take advantage of the GI Bill o This was because he already graduated from college and had a job lined up anyway (36:56) • Meeting his wife was the best thing his army service gave to him o It was a good overall experience, and it teaches you many things, and how to get along with many different people o You learn discipline as well (37:19) • He did not keep in touch with many of his military friends (39:09) • He was a part of the American Legion for a while o It is a social club • He did not join any Veteran’s programs (41:26) • His father died shortly after his discharge (42:34) • He had a paid rank o He forgets how much he got paid for his service though (42:57) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MalewitzB Title A name given to the resource Malewitz, Bernard (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Malewitz, Bernard Description An account of the resource Bernard Malewitz was born in Grand Rapids, and studied engineering at the University of Detroit before being drafted at the start of the Korean War. He served in the Army Corps of Engineers and taught water distillation techniques for two years in Fort Meyer, Washington, D.C. He worked to improve training procedures and manuals to be more useful to soldiers in the field. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Moore, Debra (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-10-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/352e3d73a6a374ce623570637d681bd3.mp4 f529eef345d071265952e6d0782fadda https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a4cb68960bb5b00f0a181058d9a7c4c9.pdf 34787d958bac3bbea22540be01fa20e5 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Notes Length: 38:49 Bernard B. Maller WWII veteran United States Army; 1941 – 1946 (0:00) Before grade school • Born in Detroit, MI in 1920 • Has many family pictures of him growing up in an album • Father was in the fur business • Mom was a homemaker (2:30) Fur business • Dad had a workshop where he manufactured furs into garments o He was a pattern maker • Bernard got three different degrees in the fur business o Pattern maker – he would make custom patterns for customers so that the garment would fit well o Fur cutter o Fitter (3:35) Grade school • Chum around with the principal’s nephew o Across from the school in the basement of an apartment building was a grocery store that sold sandwiches, cookies, candy, milk, etc. o When Maller and friend didn’t like the food at school, would buy lunch from the store o Most kids went home for lunch (6:08) High school • Entered high school in 1932 • Graduated in 1936 • Played tennis but had to give it up after 1 year because had a stubborn wart on his heel that wouldn’t go away even after three operations (8:21) Graduation and after • Graduated in 1936 • Dad still worked in furs • Maller went to college at Wayne State University (which was called City College at that time) • Graduated in 1940 (10:30) Current events • Didn’t pay too much attention to the news but knew that it would affect his life in some way (11:05) Service • Enlisted in service and sent to Cheyenne, Wyoming then transferred to Virginia for Officers training �o Training took 3 months; “90 Day Wonder” o Immediately afterward, sent overseas (1942) as a Second Lieutenant (14:08) London • Arrived in London o The route to London was a zigzagged one but with good seas so not too many soldiers were seasick o On the way back to the states, the seas were terrible; Maller’s ship hit one of the worst storms ever recorded • Once in London, assigned to Quartermaster Headquarters o Job was to check everybody’s supplies and make sure everyone had what needed food and equipment wise (17:12) France • Was flown over to France to headquarters o Still worked in assigning and checking supplies • Paris o Needed to make sure that soldiers and civilians had food and clothing ƒ The Germans had confiscated all the food in Paris and gave it to people only when they saw it fit (not often) o Maller had an issue; there was a building that was 1 square block long and 4 stories high filled with liquor. Maller was responsible for redistributing the liquor evenly o Maller was not a big drinker so would often take a few bottles of champagne for his fellow officers at the headquarters (23:20) Belgium • Went to Namur but didn’t spend much time there because moving quickly; went past the Battle of the Bulge (24:20) Germany • Spent five and a half years here as part of the Army of Occupation o Still responsible for supplies and redistribution • Traveled a lot • Went to Cologne o Not a building left standing; just large holes that used to be basements. When walking around, saw that people had put tarps over the holes and made some makeshift electrical connections (29:00) Home • Came back to the states by ship, on a troop carrier • First thing that Maller saw was the Statue of Liberty (30:42) After the service • Got his degree with the GI Bill • Worked with his dad • Made women’s coats and garment • Custom tailoring shop called M. Maller (35:42) Masonry • Joined the Masons when 21 years old, right after the service at the Detroit Lodge • Never got married �• Loves working in the fur business � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MallerB Title A name given to the resource Maller, Bernard (Interview outline and video), 2005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maller, Bernard B. Description An account of the resource Bernard B. Maller is a WW II veteran who served in the United States Army from 1941 to 1946 in England, Belgium, France, and Germany. Maller grew up in Detroit. In 1941 Maller enlisted in the Army, underwent officer training and was promptly sent overseas to manage supply distribution, a task which once included redistributing all the liquor found in a building one square block long and four stories high. Maller ended his time in the service in Germany as a member of the Army of Occupation. After the war, Maller continued to work with his father in the fur business. He joined the Masons after leaving the service. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Freemasons Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-09-02 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/66148fb84256eeae6d3185463aa602c2.mp4 42d9d3b33f3abae975040c1fa39eade7 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dc6ae72f7d4ecb6d38fe928e1d73f8bc.pdf 5227ce1c7414cadec1fa772e7a64b9b0 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Horton Mallory Length of interview (1:16:30) (0:25) Background Grew up and lived in Elwell, Michigan (0:45) Had worked on the farm with his father all his life (1:03) Was drafted into the Army [during World War II] and when he reported for his physical was encouraged to enlist in the Air Corps (1:45) Wanted to learn how to fly but was too short to be a pilot (2:15) Enlisted in the airforce and wanted to be a bombardier (2:30) Went to Saginaw, Michigan to be sworn in as private (3:15) Didn’t have assignment for him; waited 6 months before joining cadet corps (3:40) (3:45) Training Went to pre-flight school in Ellington Field, Texas (4:02) Had never been in Texas before and remembers the heat most of all (4:25) Learned mathematics, physics, Morse code, aircraft and naval identification (4:50) Was only there for nine weeks (5:04) Next went to bombing school in San Angelo, Texas (5:36) Base was in desert to accommodate the bombing range (6:20) Target set up with a shack in the middle used for practice (7:00) Received six more weeks of training to be a dead reckoning navigator (8:12) Used a compass, altitude, wind direction, and air speed to navigate (9:12) Through dead reckoning was able to arrive directly on target (10:00) (12:00) Active Duty Flew from Texas to Brazil, and in Brazil their plane had a fuel leak (13:30) Flew in a B-24 Liberator; the largest and fastest plane at the time (15:00) On flight to Europe took fire from anti-aircraft guns (16:00) One of the plane’s engines was taken out during trip to Europe (17:15) On first run they were bombing a railroad yard in Sophia, Bulgaria (19:07) In the plane he sat right in the nose of the aircraft and could see everything (20:23) Used a telescope with a gyroscope attached to it to aim the crosshairs (22:20) Carried 200lb, 500lb, 1000lb, and 2000lb and fragmentation bombs (25:00) Norden Bombsight put plane in auto pilot to accurately drop bomb (26:10) Bomb had a tail and nose fuse that went off at fraction of a second difference (28:00) Propeller on bomb would spin off and then the fuse would be set (28:45) 24-32 bombers flew in a formation at a time (29:20) Flew with same crew on every mission in the same aircraft (29:50) Flew at 20000-27000 thousand feet with freezing temperatures (32:15) Gun turrets attached to top, bottom, back and sides of B-24 bomber (35:00) While on European tour, encountered a German fighter jet (38:14) �Had confidence that commanding pilot would keep formation safe (40:32) (40:45) Active Duty Continued Bomber formations mostly flew with fighter planes escorts (41:45) One occasion bombers ran into group of 100 fighters; several were shot down(43:50) When a plane went down, it made him feel sick that his comrades died (46:10) Given flak jackets to wear, put his underneath him so he wouldn’t get shot (47:35) Rear gunner threw icicle-like formations out of plane to disrupt enemy radar(49:01) He personally flew 38 and 12 of those he received double credit for danger (50:00) Fellow gunner shot down on first mission with different crew (52:30) His pilot was operations officer, got to pick easy mission towards end (53:15) After they flew their last mission they celebrated at the local pub (55:48) During leisure time they went to theater in nearby town (56:45) Wrote letters to his family often, and received letters often being in air force (59:10) Kept track of how many missions he had left and looked forward to it (1:00:17) Never knew if next flight would be the last; very nerve racking (1:01:51) Everybody received flight medals and the pilot earned a silver star (1:02:14) He personally earned 5 flight medals; he called them survival medals (1:02:52) Overwhelming feeling of joy when he touched down after final mission (1:04:21) Returned to United States, landed in New York then Fort Sheridan, Illinois(1:04:41) Could not wait to see his parents for the first time after coming home (1:08:00) (1:10:00) Post Service When he was discharged received compensation (1:11:02) Got job with Michigan chemical in St Louis, Missouri (1:11:02) Quit the chemical lab and went to work on farm for rest of life (1:11:52) Built his own house with his father and got married (1:12:23) Started a family has 3 boys and 2 girls that work on the farm with him (1:16:30) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MalloryH1183V Title A name given to the resource Mallory, Horton (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mallory, Horton Description An account of the resource Horton Mallory was born in Elwell, Michigan, and was drafted during World War II. He volunteered for the Army Air Corps, and trained as a bombardier. He flew in B-24 bombers out of Italy, and served a total of 38 missions in the later stages of he war. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Weber, Mark (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Air Corps Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-05-12 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/408938bc0d8864d0b4ea06cad66e1789.mp4 64920388a8ef05f7e9b71c3605783f15 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/89773faf1331a5ce4851ac6e07683ff7.pdf 1d7268b4b89cc3ac172b5e593d4ff1f3 PDF Text Text Living With PFAS Interviewee: Gail Mancewicz Interviewer: Dani DeVasto Date: September 28, 2021 DD: I’m Dani Devasto, and today September 28th, 2021, I have the pleasure of chatting with Gail Mancewicz. Hi, Gail. GM: Hi, how are you? DD: I’m doing well. How are you? GM: I’m doing wonderful. DD: Gail, can you tell me about where you're from and where you currently live? GM: I’m from Rockford originally, the Rockford area and then I moved to Grand Rapids in 2017 I believe. I and that – and that kind of goes along with this PFAS story. Originally, I moved to Rockford- I lived in the Rockford area all my life. I lived in Cantford. And then I moved to Rockford in 03’ and then I moved from my house, I lived down on a little side street, to Mainstreet in 09’. And then that summer, I’m standing out on my lawn talking to my mother and the [Macintosh?] comes up and she starts talking about the demolition of the [tannery?]. And would you be interested in meeting with residents and talking about this? Sure, sure. So, I go and low and behold they’re - they literally- we wind up babysitting the site as far as proper demolition but were also trying to get them to test. They destroyed all those buildings without doing any testing whatsoever. Of a hundred-year-old [tannery?]. And I was like huh? You're really going to put us all at risk. And then the more we started to dig we realized; this is nuts. We found a 1994 – 90 – yeah 94, inspection of this site. I think it was by MIOSHA. And the housekeeping was deplorable. DD: [laughs] GM: And – And that’s putting it mildly, and when you're dealing with- I mean there's scraps all over the place. And some of them treated, and you can still find scraps. You could put up a telephone pole and find scraps. And – And so that even further encouraged us to keep going. And then we find these waste reports. And they would say, oh no there's no known contaminants on the site. And they’re saying we didn’t use any [unclear] or ammonia or anything. And they're saying we didn’t use any of those and were seeing it in the waste reports. So, no, they’re lying to you, to us. And the city is pushing back on us and I’m sure everyone has heard of the expression of company town. Wolverine was and yes, still is a company town. I’ve heard stories from- my mother heard stories actually, from an old time, he’s no longer with us, business owner who said he couldn’t even practice his religion of Catholicism because he 1 �wanted to be a businessperson. He wound up going out of town to do that and still keeping his business but that’s how much of a hold, that company back in the 50’s had. DD: [mhm] GM: So, but we’re still seeing this when there's pushback, we really don’t want to predict residents from chemicals. This is before we even knew about PFAS. I got into it, I called up Glen and I said I’m worried about this rearing its ugly head 20 years from now in our groundwater. And this was in 2010- 2011. I’d be sitting in there – these meetings with my neighbors and they’re talking about runoff, and I'm saying guys, what about the groundwater? And they’re like no no no no, this is all historical so it’s gonna be runoff. It turned out to be, it's both. We still have - there’s still chemicals in that, but the PFAS has been removed or most of it. It's still going underneath the river and stuff and invading the water supply. And – And so, it is both, there was runoff into the river but then there’s also this water supply issue. And my worry of 20 years came way way too soon. I wish I had been wrong. And so, we're being bullied, and there's articles in the paper. We put out a petition to the EPA, because we weren’t getting anywhere with the [DEQ?]. So, we - we make this petition to the EPA, and they liked it and they came on board. Well, there’s articles in the squire saying how we shouldn’t have done this, and they even printed our names which was supposed to be confidential. Michael made sure that our names got plastered and vilified in that article, which the squire does what he told them to do. And my hunch is he wrote the article. And later, situations with other sites- the editor made it mush, so I knew he was helping her write those articles. So, then I decided I wanted to be in city hall, so I ran for city council, and I won. DD: [chuckles] GM: By 30 sum votes. I beat out an incumbent by 30 sum votes. 300 or something, I forget. It was 3 something, but it was a really close margin. And I still- they would even interrupt me when I was speaking but I couldn’t interrupt them. It was all – it was 2 women and 3 men, and they ruled the roost. And at one point [it was – we were going to have-?] I go to this council meeting, and they say oh yeah, we’re having a meeting that’s, ya know exempt afterwards from public meetings act. And it was - the original part of it and this wasn’t even on the agenda, it was supposed to be on the agenda, and it was about labor, but it still should have been on the agenda. We should have gone out and come back, but they do it all after, and then after that was gone all staff was involved in those labor negotiations left. And then they started to attack me, for my stance on [unclear]. And it was - they were saying oh it's just a Hail Mary and its only ammonia. No, it was a year or so after that PFAS got on our radar. And I left that that meeting and I’m like [I’m not stopping?] this is too important, because lives are at stake. And sure enough, as this progressed and PFAS got to be known, that wound up being this baby jack [I think you’ve- I’ve talked with mother?] and I told people that [hate?] is like a grenade with a pin out. [You don’t know where it’s gonna come?] there's so much PFAS, you don’t know where its gonna manifest itself and how its gonna impact this life. And that’s scary. DD: [mhm] 2 �GM: And that’s why I was in this for decades so that years down the road people don’t say what were they thinking. And I’m still wondering what the town of Rockford was thinking. Because they made people who are impacted sacrificial lambs for their, Wolverine’s, profit margin. And for the town's public image. Of being this nice, cute town. Which, I’m sure you’ve seen some of the articles in the squire, if you haven’t, we will get them to you. Because it was unbelievable, the length they would go to, to stop us. And here people are having cancer because of what they put in the ground. And they didn’t want anybody to know about it, so you wanted people to die without being able to save their lives, without being able to have testing and catch it early. The earlier you catch cancer the better you are surviving. You really wanted to rob people of that? And that’s - that’s what got me into it. I mean, Rockford is supposed to be this predominantly Christian community, but yet there's nothing Christian about what was going on and still going on as far as I’m concerned, [there’s still pushback?]. And it drove me to law school. You know, after age 50 I went to law school, because I wanted- I knew I was being lied to, but I needed to know the laws. DD: [chuckles] GM: And so, I went to law school and that’s why I wound up moving into Grand Rapids. Because I’m visually impaired, I don’t drive. And [Trying to get back from?] law school. [I was going to Cooley law school?] in Grand Rapids. And I needed to move. So, I lost the election. Get this, it was another site that’s not connected to Wolverine that’s contaminated. And they wanted to put, and they are putting a [development?] on it. And I was against that and so they literally pushed me out of that office by getting the Widow of Michael Young on there and really propaganda, I didn’t have a voice and it’s only one paper and she was [unclear] line of Rockford, the city of Rockford. I didn’t have a voice. And it’s crazy and that’s what hurts. Not that they attacked me, it's that they were stopping people from being able to have agency over their own health and knowledge of what was being put in their bodies. DD: When was that? That the – that you lost the election? GM: 2016. DD: Ok. GM: Yeah, I served one term. I thoroughly enjoyed my time. I love representing the people and I like politics. And so - But it was just heartbreaking that they were willing to go to such lengths just for PR and money, and human life is way more valuable than that, way more valuable. DD: [mhm] So, what happened after that? You're-You’re not on the city council anymore, you're in law school. GM: I graduated. 3 �DD: Congrats. GM: In Grand Rapids, I’m still living in Grand Rapids. And I’m still involved in the CAG, and I’m still involved in CCRR. The CAG for those who hear this is the Wolverine Community Advisory Group, its connected with the EPA. And then CCRR is Concerned Citizens for Responsible Redevelopment which is the whole group that started this in the first place. And so, that’s where we’re at now. But there is another story I want to tell of how far they went. That really doesn’t have to do with me but has to do with a member of our group. Janice she was working for [Elboro?]. What does that stand for, it's part of the Grand Valley Metro Council. [And it’s the lower] Grand RapidsDD: Organization of water sheds? GM: Yes. Yup, yup, yes. She was working for them, and Michael got the director, Michael Young go the director to leave, either you work for us entirely and stop working with CCRR or you leave. And she said fine, I’ll leave. [unclear] she said to us later [inaudible] I could work for them full time, and they put out things that were helpful and she did a lot of investigating for us that was so helpful, and she had a knowledge of the DEQ. That, and she could connect us with people, and it was the best thing that ever happened. And God was walking with us. But that’s how, they were even-and it was illegal, but yeah, they impacted her employment just for his own gain, and Wolverine’s own gain. DD: And just for those listening, can you say who is this Michael Young? GM: Michael Young was a city manager of Rockford; he is now deceased. And he was the city manager for 20 years. DD: Ok. GM: Over 20 years. DD: [mhm] GM: And for his 20-year anniversary they had the retired judge [Cervas?] there. They had the news people there, and they were giving him this award about doing environmental work. I had every-and I was on the council at the time. I had everything to do, not to just vomit right there on the, at the table. DD: [chuckles] GM: Because his work paled in significance to what he could have done to help bring proper testing and accountability to Wolverine for the citizens of Rockford and the Rockford area. So that we could stay healthy, so that people could know if they were exposed to carcinogens, and he did nothing for that. His work paled in- Yes, having streams that are shaded and nice are 4 �great for trout fishermen, yeah and I applaud that, but it pales in significance to what he could have done. And I had everything I could do not to vomit right there sitting in front of everybody. DD: It sounds like you’ve been involved in a lot of different ways in your community for dealing with PFAS both through the council and the CAG and the CCRR group, it sounds like you’ve been busy, Gal. GM: I have. I’m not really- I mean now I'm going to be going in a different direction because I’m looking for positions with diversity, equity, and inclusion with my law degree because of my disability, that’s an important thing for me too. And so, there’s a lot going on and it’s pretty amazing and I’m very proud of what I did and what, I, we are continuing to do. In fact, for that group an absence of any one of those people; you know myself, Lynn, Grant Mittich and Lynn’s husband: Mike, Lynn MacIntosh and Mike MacIntosh, we could not have done what we did, it took all of us. There’s no one star, it’s everybody. And that’s what a community is all about, is everybody, not just the businesses but everybody including the residents and Rockford’s forgotten that. They forgot that we pay your taxes too and we need to be listened to and they have still forgotten that. DD: How did CCRR form? GM: That was-that was first the Central Rockford Neighborhood Association. And I was a part of that too, I was the secretary, I ran unopposed, it was really funny. A month into it, I’m running for an office and here I am secretary. And-but some people didn’t want to be a part of the Wolverine thing. So, we split the 2 groups in half. The paper still smushed us together they want to paint everybody in that neighborhood with a bad light. So, then we started CCRR and kept CRNA, Central Rockford Neighborhood Association separate. So that’s how it all started. And I respect some people didn’t want that much drama in their life and it [it is?] a lot of drama. And it’s unfortunate that we- unfortunate because human life is human life and if you’re a right to life [you should be about?] protecting people from carcinogens. [both speaking unclear] DD: How have you handled the drama in your life? GM: I do a lot of venting [laughs] and I for a while was eating my stress. And then-and then I got into law school and that helped because then I was doing something constructive and also that’s why I got on the council because the stress I needed to be doing something, I had to put it in action and that’s what you do when you see something that’s important to you, you put it into action. DD: So, moving forward what concerns do you have about PFAS contamination? 5 �GM: I’m worried about where [unclear] are going and we’re still finding stray barrels around and I’m worried that they're not testing about- with it- and there are other areas in fact I’ve got to even get my mother’s water tested and I’ve got to figure out how to do that. She lives out in [Canonsburg?] and whether it’s connected with PFAS, I mean with Wolverine PFAS I don’t know. Because there are other things that cause PFAS. So, I want to make sure that people are aware of where those [tubes?] are going and I want more action by Wolverine on clean up on House Street and what is actually happening, and they literally use the court system to insulate themselves from more action. And they really-and they also need to be accountable for what's going on in Plainfield and that bothers me too. They really broke the law already and unfortunately the AG’s office, the attorney general's office didn’t see that because they were, they said, okay you can put-you can continue to dump here in Plainfield, but it can’t enter the ground water. Well, it has and that was in a court order, and they're not being held accountable for it. So, where's our court dollars and tax dollars in the court going? To help Wolverine, and that’s, that’s disturbing, and it don't look right. And we-they did this in the federal court with only the EPA, Eagle, what is now called Eagle [inaudible] EQ which is now called Eagle, and Wolverine. citizens weren’t involved in that negotiation on what was going on there. What their cleanup is supposed to be, so all those people affected on Health Street had no voice and if they did it wasn’t listened to much because it’s not enough. And you just can’t just be comfortable as Wolverine [inaudible statement] with your water you’ve gotta be darn sure there’s nothing wrong. Not just comfortable like a shoe or mattress, but one-hundred percent sure. And it was not taken into account very much in my opinion. There’s work going on and we have a great relationship and credibility with the EPA and with Eagle so that is very helpful, and we have been able to say uh-uh it needs to be- there needs to be more action here and they’ve listened to us. There was a plan they wanted to do for Health Street and it was a non-starter, it was - it was like doing nothing and so they had to go back to the drawing board and that’s where we’re at now with it. So, it’s just keeping them to the fire, and that is what I told the EPA, none of this can go away because they’ll just drop the ball and that’ll be it and people will still be impacted, and this is a forever chemical and so it’s going to be forever that we keep an eye on it. DD: Before we wrap up is there anything else that you’d like to add that we haven’t touched on today? Or anything you’d like to go back to and say more about? GM: No, I think, my outline is on my phone so I’m not texting anybody I’m just[both laughing] GM: I had my outline on my phone and I want to make sure, I do have some articles here, but I couldn’t read them on my phone. Oh yeah, the city council- oh what year was that? It was before I was even on it, so it was like 2011 or something or 2012. Before I got on it. I sent a letter to John Biles, he was a part of Wolverine, and all five city council members were on at the time signed it, trashing us and saying how they support them and they will help them and it was just- it was not helpful at all. I mean, it definitely showed their colors of not wanting to protect the citizens. Because that’s where environmental action starts and prevention starts, the city 6 �and municipalities can protect the citizens that where it starts. And if you don’t do that, and if the state who also has this duty to protect the citizens as part of their police powers that the constitution gives the state, then where are we? We’re lost. And we need more people to step up, there are some good people at Eagle at the beginning of this, they would say oh wait, I would hear, oh yes, they really see what's happening here and they agree with us and then they’d be moved to another project. So as soon as someone saw what was going on they would be moved to another project. No, no more. And thank goodness now we have the same people but, in a way, it was, you know it was only really after the whole it exploded with PFAS that I really started to see the same people. And there was one particular person who was on there, David O’Donnell who literally was helping Wolverine. They-we have a picture of Michael Young, David O’Donnell and someone from Wolverine standing by the river and their [unclear] it and there was no permit for this, I think it was right where the wastewater treatment plant used to be. You know, kind of the highest contaminated spot, no permit, no regulations they’re just [unclear] away. They have been known to even, during a rainstorm, they would spray it with water by hose, it was a solution to pollution with dilution. And he’s still in the Eagle, they moved him to Lansing. I’m like come on, I mean as a person with a disability it’s hard to get a job, and here he’s doing all these horrible things and he, yet he gets a job? Uh uh, and I justthey've gotten better, and we’ve gotten a good relationship with them, and we’ve gotten credibility and that’s why that other site that’s not related to Wolverine did so well and was cleaned up much better than would have been had we not had that relationship with Eagle. And so, it’s gotten better but I think there’s more that can be done because your gonna have these [unclear] and not just here in Rockford but also [Portsmith?] and Portage and there’s other places I think in the state and they’re going to need to be on top of it and they're going to need to inform the residents not way after the fact, so they can be doing proactive health screenings and testing and know where they’re at. So, they can either you know [inaudible] water system or bottle their water way before, I mean that’s why we really gotta keep an eye on [inaudible]. Right now, the technology isn't there to scoop it out of the ground and out of the water supply. We don’t have the technology for that yet. They are working on that, but we just don’t have it. DD: [hmm] GM: That’s all-I think that’s it. DD: [chuckles] Well thank you so much, Gail, for taking the time to share your story today. GM: Oh, you're welcome. 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Living with PFAS Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Devasto, Danielle Description An account of the resource Beginning in 2021, the Living with PFAS interviews were recorded to gather the personal stories of individuals impacted by PFAS contamination. PFAS, or per- and polyflourinated substances, are a large group of human-made chemicals used widely since the 1940s to make coatings and products resistant to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. They can be found in countless household items, including food packaging, non-stick cookware, stain-resistant furniture, and water-resistant clothing. These chemicals are often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily, can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, and build up in animals, plants, and people. PFAS have been linked to increased incidences of various cancers, increased cholesterol, decreased fertility, birth defects, kidney and liver disease, and immune system suppression, and thyroid dysfunction. It is estimated that PFAS are in the drinking water of more than 200 million Americans (Andrews & Naidenko, 2020). In Michigan alone, over 280 sites have PFAS contamination exceeding maximum contamination levels for groundwater (MPART, 2024). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In copyright Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-11 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Motion Picture Text Sound Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PFAS0030 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mancewicz, Gail Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-28 Title A name given to the resource Gail Mancewicz, 2021 (Interview video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Gail Mancewicz lives in Rockford, Michigan. In this interview, Mancewicz discusses the demolition of the old Wolverine tannery and the environmental and public health impact on the community. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource DeVasto, Danielle (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f6ed42806443c16a774c5ddc51c3edce.mp4 8abbb7b720d51f69562682e4e05e59c8 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6fb682216d71457b607f93b37e9b9f24.pdf 749d19d975a94f7186d54b39ad30d33a PDF Text Text Mancil, Gabriel Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Afghanistan War Interviewee’s Name: Gabriel Mancil Length of Interview: (1:14:43) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Lyndsay Curatolo Interviewer: “We’re talking today with Gabriel Mancil of Woodridge, Virginia. The interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Now, start us off with some background on yourself, and to begin with: where and when were you born?” I was born July 16, 1990 in Valdosta, Georgia. I lived there for about five years. My parents relocated to middle Georgia, near Robins Air Force Base. My dad went back to school and my mom worked. Interviewer: “And what were your parents doing for a living as you grew up?” My mom was a RN and my dad went back for electrical and he worked at the Robins Air Force Base for a while, working on the targeting system for the F-22 Raptor–– repairing that stuff. Interviewer: “Okay, so he was kind of a civilian working for the military at that point?” Yeah. Interviewer: “And then when did you finish high school?” My parents homeschooled me, so I did a little bit of homeschooling for a while. I got behind a little bit when my dad went back to school, so after a while I decided to go to my GED for a placement test. So, I went and took that and got my GED. Interviewer: “What year did you do that?” I got my GED in March of ‘08. Interviewer: “Now, along the way, 9/11 happened. What do you remember about that?” �I remember my mom–– I believe my dad was at school–– my mom had a meeting at work, so we had a babysitter. It was pretty early in the morning and I actually went to turn the TV on to watch cartoons and they interrupted the cartoons for a news announcement. I was 11 at the time, so I knew a little bit about it but not a whole lot. It was on for the whole morning so I watched, I believe, the second plane hit. And then I watched it most of the day. Then I started trying to watch the news more and more to understand a lot better. Interviewer: “Now, at what point do you think you might be interested in going into the military?” My grandad was in the Marines for 20 years. He served two tours in Vietnam and drove tanks and stuff like that. And, I always looked up to him a lot so it was always something that I wanted to do. I had an uncle that was in for a while–– another uncle that tried to get in but had bad eyes so couldn’t get in. So, it was always something that I wanted to do. (2:15). Interviewer: “And then when do you actually decide to enlist?” I tried signing up right before I got my–– I got my GED and tried to sign-up when I was 17. They weren’t really taking anyone at that time. And because I had a GED instead of a high school diploma, they considered me a high school drop-out. So, whenever I went to talk to the Navy, Army, and Marines they said they considered me a high school drop-out, so they wouldn’t take me. Interviewer: “So, what did you do about that?” We lived out in the middle of nowhere, so we didn’t have any computers or anything like that. So, I started working a part time job–– right when the recession hit–– at a local grocery store for a little while and I would go to the recruiters every couple of weeks and talk with them. I would get conflicting stories and then after a while I went in to talk to one recruiter at the Army. He told me I could go get some college credits at a local community college and that would count as furthering my education and they would let me in. So, I signed up for classes the next day [and] did two semesters at a local community college and then signed right up. Interviewer: “Now when you did enlist, did you have the opportunity to pick possible specializations or at least express a preference?” I scored pretty high on the ASVAB when I took the ASVAB. I believe I qualified for everything except military intelligence and a couple other jobs. I remember my recruiter was telling me MP or something higher, [but] I told him I wanted to go infantry because that’s what I always wanted �to do. I always dreamed of going to sniper school. He tried to convince me otherwise, but I told him I wanted a four year contract in infantry. That’s what I signed up for. Interviewer: “So, where do you go for basic training?” Everyone goes to Fort Benning. I went there for 16 weeks and after I graduated from that I got hometown recruiting. So, they sent you home and you worked with recruiters, trying to recruit people. I got there right after everyone went on spring break, so there was no one there. (4:18). Interviewer: “Okay. Let’s back up to the basic training. You’re in the military and everybody knows what that is, but less than one percent of the population goes in these days. So, describe the process. What happens to you over the course of those 16 weeks?” I went to OSUT which is One Station Unit Training. So, you go for your initial eight weeks of basic training, like everyone else does, no matter what branch you go into. I believe the Air Force varies a little bit, so it’s a little bit shorter. After that, you get a 36-hour pass–– you get to hang out with family and have a small ceremony. Then, you come back, and you’ll actually have the same drill instructors, and then you go for another four weeks. Interviewer: “But that’s infantry training at that point?” Infantry training. It’s more of a continuation–– you start off at the basics and start working together, and then once you come back for the last four weeks it’s pretty much the same thing, it’s just more advanced tactics. You’re kind of going up to applying everything you learned in the last four weeks–– you start applying it. Interviewer: “What do they do in the first couple of weeks?” The first couple of weeks they call it “shark week.” You’re filling out lots of paperwork, getting issued all your gear, and it’s just a lot of chaos. Everyone’s still trying to get integrated–– you get your head shaved, shots. Interviewer: “And then when the training itself begins, what do they emphasize first? Like a lot of drill and discipline and that kind of stuff, just following orders.” When you first go in, where I went in, everyone starts off at 30th AG which, at Fort Benning, is the in-processing station. So, [you] actually start there for about a week. You come in and you start going through your in-processing stuff. So, that’s when you get your shots, your haircut. They don’t wanna really hurt you or do anything when they first start off. So for me, when we got off the buses at 10 or 11 o’clock at night, it was pretty relaxed. They yelled a little bit, but �nothing like you would see in the Marine training videos like I had anticipated–– it was all getting everything going. And then after about a week or so, right after Valentine's Day, is when the drill instructors actually came up. We all sat down on duffel bags to get lined up, they picked off who they wanted in each platoon, and that’s when we actually made our march to our barracks and everything else started. That’s when the shark attack–– I guess you could say it started. (6:42). Interviewer: “How does that actually work? You said it was different from old movies and that kind of thing–– but how do they turn you from civilians into soldiers?” I guess it’s hard to explain it, just thinking about it. It’s more of just–– you’re experts at the basics. So, they’re pretty much trying to strip everyone down. You don’t get to pick who your friends are going to be, who your bunkmates are going to be. It’s kind of like [in] Full Metal Jacket when you go in. We had a bay–– there was a zone painted in the middle of the room. You were never allowed to touch it. You had to walk all the way around the bay to get to different bunks. So, I was on the far end so if I wanted to speak to my friend, I had to walk all the way around if they weren’t on the far end. And then you just start at the very basics. You’re shaving everyday–– some people don’t want to shave everyday. If you need to shave or not. There were some guys that could get away without shaving for a week, and they would have to go in there and make sure they shaved everyday–– everything’s correct. Interviewer: “And what happens to somebody who doesn’t play along or do what they’re told?” It’s more like group punishment. If one person messes up, then everyone is wrong. Some stuff–– if it’s more of a tricky situation and you’re not really sure what’s right, we were always taught that as long as everyone was together and everyone could make one group decision, then a lot of times we wouldn’t get punished as badly. And that changed and got less and less as we got on. So, it’s more of an emphasis on one unit versus individuals. (8:16). Interviewer: “Then, over the course of the 16 weeks, what range of training do you get in terms of equipment or tactics or things like that?” The first couple of weeks is just going through the basic movements. For me, it was just kind of going through and trying to survive, I guess. Getting used to PT every morning. You get in a routine where you get up, brush your teeth, shower–– I remember showers. We only got one or two showers the first couple of weeks we were there–– we got 30 second showers. We were trying to get used to showers. We figured out pretty quickly that you could turn the showers on and heat them up first, then send the guys in. Because I was first in line the first couple of times and I got cold showers. So, they figured that out. After the first couple of weeks you get your �rifle. For safety reasons they would lock them up for us every night. But, whenever we had our rifles we had to carry them around with us everywhere–– just getting used to marching around. Interviewer: “And what model rifle were you carrying at that point?” It was the M4. And then at some point, I believe towards the middle/towards the end, you go through some combat training–– basic combat training. You go through weapons training where you get trained on the different machine guns, rifles, rifle qualification, and some of the Claymore rocket launchers. Interviewer: “How long did it take you to get with the program or kind of get as comfortable as you were gonna get with training?” I always struggled at running, so that was one of the biggest hard parts for me. But once I got that down-pat, everyone else was pretty much in the same boat. There had been a couple of people who went to ROTC and kind of had an idea of how it went. My bunkmate had actually quit about three weeks into it and we got some other people who enlisted. The guy who slept next to me in my bunk, I ended up getting paired with, was prior service. He had been in the Marines for four years and he came in after like week three and got to skip the initial training phase. They have red, white, and blue phases. So, you start off in different phases. The first phase is just getting everyone integrated and then he came to that second phase. He helped a lot, as far as just helping us get it together. (10:48). Interviewer: “And, in general, how do you think that the drill instructors treated you?” I thought they were pretty relaxed–– pretty fair. After the first couple of weeks we got to know everyone and them a little bit. We had three different drill instructors. I believe one was artillery, one was infantry, and I believe the third one was infantry as well. They said they did two year cycles, I believe. But, the company before us, they had completely destroyed them. No matter what they did, they were wrong. With us, as long as we were right and acted as a group, then, for the most part, they left us alone. Interviewer: “Were those different sets of instructors then?” It was the same instructors, but they do different training cycles. So, the company that graduated before us–– they just got destroyed. I know the platoon that was upstairs above us, they got destroyed. They would do jumping-jacks, get smoked, get in corrective training sometimes where the whole building would shake. I had to go up there a couple of times to get someone and you could feel and smell the sweat coming out of the room. For us, it was more [like] whenever you screwed up it [was] more like a parent mentality. �Interviewer: “Any idea or sense of why there was a difference?” They said they just kind of got bored [with] how they wanted to do each cycle. The drill sergeant would come in sometimes and you could tell when he wasn’t having a good morning or we screwed up too much in one day. Then we had the PG–– he was the platoon commander–– and they would take the guy who was the worst at that time and make him the platoon commander as part of a punishment. So, they tried to make the punishment fit the crime to an extent. (12:34). Interviewer: “But, basically, you got relatively lucky then.” Pretty much. For the most part. Training-wise it stayed the same, but the severity of the punishment would vary. Interviewer: “So now, you get through that 16 weeks. Now, do you get further training or do you go to an active duty assignment?” I got two weeks of hometown recruiting, so they sent me home. Then after that I got sent out to Fort Riley for the 128, and that’s when I first got to my unit. Interviewer: “Now, explain to people who don’t know–– first of all, where is Fort Riley?” Fort Riley, Kansas. It’s the home of the first infantry division and I was in the 28th Infantry Division. Interviewer: “So first battalion. And which company were you in?” I was in [the] Charlie company. Interviewer: “And that’s an old, regular Army unit.” Yes, it’s an old, regular army. I believe Audie Murphy was in there. They had an Audie Murphy board every couple of months where you could go through and try to get the Audie Murphy Award. Interviewer: “And what was the unit doing at the time you joined it?” When I first got there, everyone was on leave from Iraq. They had just gotten back, reintegrated, and they all went on leave. So, it was really relaxed for the first couple of weeks. There’s not a whole lot out there, so I would go to work and there wouldn’t be a whole lot to do. It took me �almost two weeks to in-process, so it’s just a lot of sitting around. It was definitely a lot different once everyone got back because they were all gun-ho to get back into training. Interviewer: “Now, they do come back. Do you have a sense that there were–– how many people do you think were new guys? Or what proportion of your company were maybe new people?” A good bit. I was [the] third or fourth person that was pretty new. Some of the other guys that I ended up deploying with got in there a couple of months before me. One of my friends that showed up the day after me, was actually from the same company as me in basic training. He was just in the platoon that lived above me. So, I had seen him around and I recognized his name and recognized his face when we got there, and we ended up getting put in the same platoon. Then, over the next couple of months we got more and more people. (14:44). Interviewer: “Now, when a unit has come back from Iraq, do they pass through different stages of training or activity? Are they expecting to have to go and deploy somewhere again or do they just have a standard routine that you do indefinitely?” For the most part, when I first got there, I heard the company that I was going to had just gotten back. I don’t recall how soon they had been back, if they had been back a couple months–– six months–– when they went on leave or if that was the block-leave period that had rolled around. But, I know, when I first checked-in–– before I even made it to my company–– they told me we were getting ready to deploy. They told me in February, which only gave us a couple of months to get ready, so I was pretty nervous about that. Then, as February approached, they started pushing it back a little bit farther. But, we [did] a lot of–– when the ranges were available–– we would go out. Since we’re infantry, sometimes we would just go out in an empty field and just do land-navigation and stuff like that. And then some days there [were] training exercises. After I was there for about six weeks, we went out and did a two weeks FDX where we went through and really got a lot of training. Interviewer: “Now, how much did the experienced people tell you about what had happened in say, Iraq, or what goes on when you’re in a place like that?” (16:15). As far as stories and stuff like that, not a whole lot. It was more like, “You’re the new guy. You don’t know anything.” And I knew that, so I just tried to keep up the best I could. I still had a lot of trouble with running, so it was just PT everyday. It was a lot of–– not so much endurance, but it was just a lot more running–– moving long distances over short amounts of time versus endurance. A lot of the guys who had just got back from Iraq still had their Iraq mentality versus Afghanistan mentality–– where you could go building to building and then once you got to Afghanistan they didn’t really understand that you had to go long distances over longer periods �of time. You’re going to carry more weight. You’re not going to be able to move as fast and you’re going to be [at] a lot higher altitude. You’re going to have cold weather versus hot. Interviewer: “So, they’ve got a reasonable idea about what conditions they were preparing for.” Mentally, they knew what they were doing. There were still some arguments about how best we should train. Towards the end, about six months into it–– because I got to my unit and everyone got back about August of 2011, and then I deployed in May of 2012. About six months into it, I got a new team leader who had transferred from a different company, and he’d actually been to the same post that we were told we were going to. And he was one of the guys who actually, originally helped set it up. So, he tried to help some of the other team leaders and squad leaders understand the difference between going to Iraq–– building to building–– and then going to Afghanistan where you’re at 8,000 or 9,000 feet. Interviewer: “Now, had he been to both places?” Off the top of my head I can’t recall. Interviewer: “But, he had been to Afghanistan and he knew that part of it. Did you notice any kind of friction between a team leader who is below the level of a squad leader or a platoon sergeant or something like that? So, was he telling people higher up than him how to be doing things?” Not trying to tell them how to do it. He was a team leader–– he was an E5. Some of our team leaders, at the time, were Private First Class, so they weren’t very senior in rank–– and some of them were the new guys who had excelled in the training and stuff like that. So, we’re always short of people, so it’s more of we know what you need to do, but it’s going to be a little bit different than you think. I know I had some of them that had just gotten back from Iraq who had told me when you step off the airplane it’s going to feel like a blow-dryer in your face. I don’t think they exactly understood how much different it was going to be. When I first stepped off the plane, in Afghanistan, I thought it was going to be like a big blow-dryer in my face and it was like 69 degrees [and] a little bit chilly. (18:58). Interviewer: “If you show up at the wrong time of the year, you might still get the blowdryer thing, but not there. Now, do you do all of that preparatory training at Fort Riley or do they move you to different places to train?” We did all of our preparatory training at Fort Riley until the very end, then we did FDX which you went from [a] big training movement out into California. And that’s more of all the �companies and stuff get together and work together, so it’s more of like a leadership course for them and that kind of allows us to work together. Interviewer: “Now, do they do that in a desert environment?” Yes. It’s a desert environment. It’s pretty cool. A lot of the training stuff we saw over there–– out in California, out in the desert–– was very similar to what we actually saw when we deployed. It wasn’t quite as flat, but there were a lot of small mountains and stuff we got to go on. The environment–– as far as the sandy conditions and sporadic buildings all over the desert, convoys and stuff like that–– was actually very close to what we actually encountered. Interviewer: “Now, over the course of training for Afghanistan, did they try to teach you anything about the culture or the society there or how to deal with the people?” Yeah. You go through a lot of training stations that they have set up, so you go through specific scenarios where you’re doing down casualties and stuff like that. You’re going through and moving through communities and stuff like that. And they have actors who can actually speak the language to get you used to walking through cities where you have people just running up and trying to grab your pockets, wanting to come up and touch you, throw stuff at you. They’ll pretend to throw rocks at you, they’ll yell at you, and try and communicate with you. And you have to learn to, kind of, communicate nonverbally. (20:40). Interviewer: “So there’s some idea of what you’re going to do out there or what might happen to you.” Right. Interviewer: “And it doesn’t always happen, it depends on the circumstance.” And they try and base the training that you’re doing off of where you’re actually going to be deployed to. Some units aren’t up for rotation, so they aren’t going to be deploying. They’ll just come in and do a basic training scenario in the current world environment of where they could possibly be deployed to. [With] us they tried to critique it to where we were actually training for– – what we would see down range. I got a much better understanding of what I was going to be going into once I deployed. Interviewer: “Now, once the time comes, how did they get you to Afghanistan?” We actually went to Topeka, Kansas. We got Greyhound shuttle buses that drove us up there. It was only about an hour away, and there’s a small airport and they actually shut the airport down. �So, after we packed all of our gear up, jumped on some Greyhound buses, and rode out. Then we just walked right through the airport terminal–– which is only 100 yards or so–– right onto the plane. Interviewer: “Now, did you fly military aircraft or charter civilian?” It was a charter civilian. We did have, I believe, two purple F-15s/F-16s that actually escorted us. I got the window seat, so that was pretty interesting. Interviewer: “Now, you fly out of Topeka. Then, where do you go?” We went to Topeka and we had a layover in Holland, Germany at an old Air Force Base there. So we got to see–– I believe–– some of the old World War II hangars and stuff there. And then they just refueled for a couple hours. Went there to Kyrgyzstan in Manas, which is like a small little base there. We were there for a couple of days until our transport came and I believe we went on a C-130 out of there to Afghanistan. Then once we got into Afghanistan we went to a much smaller Forward Operating Base–– Sharana–– FOB Sharana. Then we went from there and took Chinooks out to our actual COP–– our Command Office. (22:43). Interviewer: “So, you’re getting to smaller and smaller places.” Yep, smaller and smaller. We actually went from FOB Sharana and we got on Chinooks two or three different times and the weather was too bad, so we had to turn around. So, I believe, it was the third or fourth try we actually made it. So, it took about a week, week-and-a-half, to actually get all of the way. Interviewer: “And then, as you’re stopping in these places–– when you get to Kyrgyzstan and get to Afghanistan or at Sharana–– what kinds of things catch your attention?” Driving into Kyrgyzstan, we got there late at night and I thought it was pretty interesting. It looked like something out of Call of Duty–– the old abandoned buildings and you’re driving through the checkpoints. It looked like something just out of one of the Call of Duty games when you do a–– there’s one where you go Chernobyl. It looked really eerie like that. And you know you’re getting closer and closer, and after a while you actually get really excited to actually get there. Interviewer: “Did you spend much time at Sharana or was that just a transit point for you?” It was pretty much a transit point. We were only supposed to spend a couple of days there. We had some guys who had actually left before us–– a couple days before us–– and we ended up �bumping into them. They got held back with weather. So, we were supposed to be there for two or three days, they told us, [but] I think we were there for almost a week–– just waiting for the weather to clear. Interviewer: “What sort of facilities did they have at Sharana?” It’s like a small tent-city. They have different sections. We only stayed in our small section with some tents. And it’s just rows and rows of tents. Interviewer: “And do you know if there were Afghan soldiers there or were they all American soldiers?” Not there. Just all Americans from what we saw. I believe it was [in] Sharana when we were walking around–– we got to walk around for a little bit–– we had to go find some blankets. So, we ended up getting stuck there for a couple of days [and] most of our gear was still packed up. So, we actually went and got some blankets and bumped into some Marines–– saw some Air Force people walking around–– and that was really the only interaction we had with anyone. (24:41). Interviewer: “But, now you finally get out to your Command Op Post. Was your whole company based there?” We had two platoons, so two out of four of our platoons were stationed there. Interviewer: “How many men per platoon?” I want to say there’s about 46 or so. 45-50 per platoon and then we had–– I believe–– another, at least, half a platoon, if not a platoon, of support. So, we had the company commander, two mechanics, two cooks, [and] some other personnel there to work the command center. Interviewer: “Now, you said mechanics. Did you have vehicles there?” We had four vehicles. I believe it was a four-wheeler that got blown up before we got there, and there was a small utility vehicle like a Gator that you could put in some small cans of gas or something like that. Interviewer: “And did you have any trucks or humvees?” We had four MTVs and we had one MRAP. �Interviewer: “And describe what those are.” I know we had a M-ATV and that was more of an off-road vehicle. It carried four people, plus a gunner. And we had four of those and it had RPG netting all around it. And it was more designed for off-road use. You could deflate the tires and it had different settings, more for mobility. Then, we had one MaxxPro that wasn’t functioning all the way and we’d just use that to keep the gate shut. So, if anyone tried driving in the front gate, they would just hit the truck. That was more of a personnel carrier and that had the gunner, driver, passenger, and I believe it could carry up to six people sitting down, in the rear. But, that was not designed for the terrain it was in. (26:52). Interviewer: “And what sort of defenses did the Position have?” We had our small COP based on–– it was positioned more on the side of a valley, and then we had a small hill that was over beside us that we used for the outpost, and that was manned with a camera that could look around 360 degrees and see just about anything near us. Interviewer: “And did you have concertina wire or anything else like that?” We had HESCOs which are just big–– small fencing with mesh netting on the box spring on the inside, and you can just pop them up. They can airlift them in, pop them up, and then just use a backhoe to fill them up with dirt, and then you just stack them on top of each other. Interviewer: “And then, were you dug in? Did you have bunkers or sandbags or anything like that?” The unit before us–– my team leader that I previously had, he left right before we deployed because he got out. He was supposed to get out, [but] he ended up getting called back and then deploying for three or four weeks, so he went to a different company. But, he had helped build it up. They had hard structures where they had five or six layers of sandbags and concrete and some dirt they had thrown up on the roof. So, our barracks area was halfway secure and then we had at least one bunker for each of the sleeping quarters and then over near the command center that were hardened concrete with sandbags that could withstand a mortar round. (28:20). Interviewer: “So when you got out there, what was your unit’s job?” Our main job was just to support the Afghan National Army–– the ANA–– and some of their patrols. Then, just do foot patrols of the actual surrounding areas. It was pretty remote. I believe we were at 7,000 feet in elevation and we were more at the entrance to a small valley. So, we patrolled everything that was towards the west of us. There were a couple small villages and we’d just patrol around there and help the ANA in whatever they were doing at the time. �Interviewer: “And what was your impression of the Afghan National Army?” The first guys we got were really good. I remember the first day or two we got there they had seen a light in the Bazaar [in] the small town. It was about a mile away from us and one of the guys in the ANA–– up in the guard tower–– opened up with a 0.50 caliber machine gun, just shooting into the city. And I believe that might have been the first or second night we were there. So, my first impression was we were getting overrun and something bad was happening. So, we threw all of our gear on, ran to where we were supposed to, waited for further instructions, and it ended up just being–– some of the other guys that hadn’t left yet–– that we were getting ready to replace–– said that they did that from time to time. Interviewer: “They just get a little bit trigger happy.” Yeah, they get a little trigger happy. But going on patrols and stuff, they were very good. They would help us a lot. Interviewer: “What were they good at or what were they doing well?” Just working with us, they were good. They would come up and try to talk to us. They were really friendly. Further on, after the first couple weeks, they left and we got a new set of guys that would come in. It’s a lot different than it is over here. There are no background checks and stuff. A lot of the time it’s like you show up and [you] want to help, and they just give you a gun. A couple of times, on the OP, my team leader was walking around looking for them and found one guy that was doodling in a notebook, a map of our entire little COP. He had all the barracks quarters, our main command post, and everything sketched out in a notebook. So, a lot of them–– you can’t prove it–– but you know they’re not as friendly as they seem. And they had a lot of green-on-blue situations where the Afghan National Army were going around and shooting people, so you always had to be on your toes. (30:47). Interviewer: “And how much Taliban activity was there?” Our COP was actually–– we’re about two miles from Pakistan. And, from what we were told, we were the training post for the new, incoming Taliban that were training on their mortars. So, we would actually go out there and we would be the target for the new recruits, as we were told, from the guys we were replacing. The first mortar rounds they would shoot at us–– we got probably five or six a day at minimum–– and it would just go every single day two or three times a day. They would shoot five or six and wait, and then shoot five or six more. And it started out being 200 or 300 yards apart and then would be 500 meters away from the COP. It was just really sporadic and then everyday they would just get closer and closer. Towards the end they �were shooting them, probably, within 50 feet of our barracks that we were staying at. And it would hit right on the edge. Our barracks were backed up against one of the back corners and it would hit on top of or right over outside the HESCOs–– probably within 100 feet or so. So, it got pretty good. And then, all of the sudden it stopped for three weeks. And then it started back up again and they were terrible again. Interviewer: “Did you have any means of responding to the mortar fire?” We could respond to mortar fire, but in order to do that–– for safety reasons and stuff like that–– where we were at, everything had to be airlifted in. So, all of our food, mail, everything else got airlifted in. So, the gunners would have to–– the crew operating the mortar system–– would have to go and get permission and send it up to the top. They would have to send it to the battalion and would have to get permission to fire. It would have to get relayed back to us, and then they would be allowed to fire. (32:37). Interviewer: “And how long does that take?” It seemed like an hour but sometimes it’s only a couple minutes–– five or six minutes at the most. But, a lot of times–– sometimes we thought they were using mortar tubes with ice. They’d put ice in the tubes–– just a little bit–– to keep it from firing and would slip it in and walk away and then 20 minutes later would shoot them off. We heard reports that they were using timers–– we never found any timers. But a lot of the times at the mountain pass, they would just drive-up in the back of a pickup truck, and they would drop them down the tubes and shoot them off two or three at a time. Then, they would take off again around the pass. And we would never be able to actually, physically, see them. We could shoot back off before they came back around. Interviewer: “Were they firing from within Afghan territory?” It was in Afghanistan. Interviewer: “And would they just come in, cross the border, shoot at you, and leave?” I think they were in the same area. We were a couple miles–– I believe they were north of us. They would come in from the north and they would shoot–– we were south [and] the border would be over towards the east. So, they would come in, shoot at us, [and] turn around and drive back. So, they weren’t coming across the border. We believe some of the fighters were coming from Pakistan into Afghanistan and working out of Afghanistan. Interviewer: “Now, would the Afghan Army then try to go into the areas where the firing came from, just to patrol and see what they could find?” �I believe sometimes they would just shoot at them. Most of the time it was just them jumping down behind rocks and stuff like we did. There wasn’t a whole lot they could do. They would be far enough away [that] small arms fire and stuff wouldn’t really do it. You’d have to reach out with close air support or mortars. And by the time anyone got a chance to actually shoot back at them–– for the most part they would go back. As time went on we got an idea of where they would shoot from, and they would have the coordinates already loaded in. Then, the second they would shoot them off, someone would be standing by it. They tended to do it early in the morning or in the evening–– around four or five o’clock–– so they would be ready–– the mortar team would be ready and the seconds the shots went off, they would have the battalion on the phone. And, we got a couple of them doing it. (34:58). Interviewer: “But I was also thinking more generally, I mean, would you patrol other times of day or would you patrol the places they were shooting from?” Originally we were told we were going to be going out only in the day [and] we weren’t going to be doing any night missions. And then we tried going out in the morning–– there was a small hill a mile away and you could actually crawl up on the back side of it and see just over the HESCOs. You couldn’t see everything, but you could see whenever we were leaving. And we were at the side of a valley, so the only way to actually get out was through one gate and they could see us coming out every time. So, after the first couple of weeks we started getting shot at– – every single time we left the gate. So, we started getting outside the gate before they could shoot at us and then they would just wait for us to come back in because we had to come back in through the same gate. So, no matter how you switch your pattern up, eventually you have to come in to the front. So, we ended up switching it up and just doing strictly night patrols when we could. We nicknamed it the “Mortar Mile” because we’d get in before we’d enter the base again every time we went out throughout the night. Or, if we ended up getting stuck out during the day–– trying to come in at seven o’clock in the morning. You’d have someone out there spotting us and they would try and shoot mortars at us as we were coming in–– the last mile. (36:20). Interviewer: “And would you leave anybody out there to try to interject the place they’d spot you from? Like did you occupy that hill or?” The hill–– we were told–– had IEDs all over it. So, we were told to stay away from it. We walked around the base a few times. There were a couple of other hills where there were more civilians where we thought they didn’t have as many IEDs, so sometimes we would just send a gun team out with the heavy weapons and they would actually go out 20-30 minutes before us and set up an overwatch position and then we would move out. But, we found the fastest way to usually do it–– the easiest–– was just to wait till 10 or 11 o’clock at night–– depending on the �moon–– and we would just quietly run out. We could get outside of the gate before they could do anything, and we would vary our times when we came back in. Sometimes we would circle around, wait a few minutes, and then go back in. And they can’t shoot at night, so they couldn’t really do anything–– it kind of became a cat and mouse game. Interviewer: “Yeah. That’s what it sounds like. Now, did you spend your whole time in Afghanistan working out of that one base?” We went out of that one base the whole time–– for the first six months or so, then they shut that COP down. Then we moved, I believe, about 15 miles away to FOB Boras, which was a much bigger base and there were a lot more people there. So, we spent a couple of months tearing everything down and then we ended up spending five or six days sleeping in the actual sand-built bunkers and stuff–– waiting for the go ahead to actually finish moving out. So, once we left they had a wrecking crew that came in and they bulldozed everything–– dug big pits and buried anything that was valuable. Moved all the food out, burned everything we could. (38:15). Interviewer: “During the first six months, did the situation change at all? Or was it pretty much the same when you left as it was when you got there?” It seemed like it changed a lot because we went through the small town that was there and the civilians could see the patches were different–– we did our patrols different. We tried to work with the civilians a lot–– as much as we could. So, we did a couple of patrols around the area. We’d have some villagers that would come out and they’d walk up a couple hundred yards to the gate and we’d send someone out there to talk with them–– usually an interpreter, to see what they wanted and try to talk with them as much as we could. It seemed like the presence and stuff–– we tried to be proactive as much as we could to keep the Taliban away from that area. And then, from what I understand, once we left, they just came right back. Interviewer: “Now, basically, do you think the civilians were happy to have you there because they didn’t like the Taliban or were they just trying to get along with you?” From what we could see. We talked to some of the interpreters who knew the town a lot better and they said they liked us being there, but it’s tricky for them–– they get punished if they help us. So, they don’t really want to interact with us and then, just where we were at and stuff, we weren’t able to actually just walk through the bazaar and talk to people randomly–– or actually get to know them a lot better. And I wasn’t in a leadership position, so I don’t know the actual thought of the leaders that were there–– whether they strongly supported us or not. Interviewer: “And who were your interpreters? Were they Americans or Afghans?” �We had two Afghan interpreters. I didn’t really work with them as much. They would work with a lot of leadership and stuff, when we would go on patrol. We had one guy who was National Guard who operated a communications surveillance system, where you can listen in to incoming traffic from the Taliban. So, we could listen to their radio traffic and a lot of the times he would repeat stuff that he heard. I believe he could speak Pashtu and Dari a little bit, which was the dialect they used. Then, sometimes we would have the interpreter with us, so we could understand a little bit of what they were saying. (40:31). Interviewer: “What kinds of things were they talking about?” They would always say, “If they come over here, we’re going to attack them,” [and] “if the Americans do this or that.” And a lot of the time we would turn around and go right towards them. Sometimes it was warranted that we would skip that area, or we’d circle around and avoid a certain area. They would always say, “We have an IED here,” or “we did this.” Very rarely would they ever follow through. We think they knew we were listening to them and sometimes– – maybe they were trying to hype their guys up and they just couldn’t follow through, or they were just trying to toy with us. Interviewer: “Now, did you have any means of detecting IEDs? Or did you just try to stay away from places that had them?” We had some trucks that had a detector on there that would jam any incoming signals. We’d have mine detectors and stuff like that, but terrain we’re in–– I guess it’s almost like an ocean or like a raisin. There were just small hills and valleys, so it was really hard to actually plant. We could see everything that was going on–– for the most part–– right in front of us. It was really hard to hide any IEDs. We did end up having one truck that drove over one–– we weren’t sure if it was a pressure plate or command detonated, which you can’t stop. The only way to stop it is to catch it before they set it off–– if it’s command detonated–– or if it's a pressure plate, catch them before they put it in–– or try not to drive over it. Interviewer: “A command detonate, would that be––” A command detonated is if someone has a wire. I think some of them call it “angel hair wire.” It’s like a small copper wire and it can be like a thread, and they’ll stretch it a mile or two. Interviewer: “So, if you had a wire, you can’t jam it.” You can’t jam it. A pressure plate–– went through a lot of the training where they showed us the different IEDs they had built, and there’s a lot of different types of pressure plate IEDs. They’ll try to use springs and stuff like that. They are only detonated if you’re over 140 pounds or so, �because most of the troops, with their gear, weigh significantly more than a lot of the population. So, a teenager might be able to walk right over it not see it, then someone else comes by and steps on it, it’ll set it off. (42:51). Interviewer: “And if you think back to those six months at the small base, are there any other particular events or impressions that stand out in your memory–– from that phase?” I thought after a while–– I’m sure my wife thought it was nerve-racking, but I would try and call her every evening. A lot of the times when I would call her–– because of the time difference–– they would shoot mortars at us and I would have to hang up on her. We never knew when they were gonna–– my team leader was there. They ended up trying to get overrun, at least once. We were told every unit before us–– sometime in the spring–– had tried and overrun us. So, the whole time we were there, it was just [like] waiting for an attack that never really came. A couple of small, sporadic attacks, but nothing like the 300 people or so that they had attacked a couple of times before. Interviewer: “Okay, so when they sort of ‘probed’ you or approached you, what happened?” For the most part, they wouldn't really fight us up front–– it was just shooting mortars at us, RPGs, and stuff like that. We thought it was pretty funny. For a while, when they got pretty good, it was around seven o’clock in the morning, every single day. It was like an alarm clock. They would shoot mortars at us and we would jump up in our t-shirts and PT shorts and just run out to the bunker and just wait, and they would just go back. But, after a while we did get good enough to where we could go out and we did ambush them once. (44:13). Interviewer: “What happened then?” It was pretty good. We actually went out and it was a textbook ambush–– linear ambush–– where we went out early in the morning near one of the wading systems that was about a mile away, on the opposite side of the bazaar. Civilians would drive trucks and stuff back and forth [and] go into the different little towns. And we knew that they were traveling up that early in the morning to shoot RPGs at us–– mortars and stuff like that. We walked out there before they saw us, and we were out there for about a half-an-hour before we saw some walking by. It was just like a textbook ambush–– they never even saw us coming. Interviewer: “How close do they have to get to use the RPGs?” They don’t really have a specific distance–– they’re not accurate more than a couple hundred yards–– they start to fishtail a lot. They would shoot them from 400/500 meters away–– 600 �meters away. I can’t remember off the top of my head what the actual distance is–– they’ll only go so far and they’ll just kind of–– Interviewer: “So, it’s harassment rather than aimed fire at that point?” Harassment. We did have a couple of guys–– three or four days after they had gotten there, from what I understand, there was two or three guys had snuck up and were trying to probe us, a little bit, and shot a couple RPGs at us at probably like two o’clock in the morning and they ended up calling close air support in and drop two JDAMs–– two 500 pound laser-guided bombs. So, it was a pretty firework show we saw that night. After that, they never really messed with us, it was just more [like] they’re going to throw everything at us, as soon as they can. So, it was more just harassment. Interviewer: “When you would patrol and go out with the Afghans, did you have any kind of air support or anything like that?” Our company commander was really good about that. Every single time we went out we tried to have Apaches on station. We did have a Predator that was on station a lot of times and they could see us. From what I understand, there were Special Forces–– the Green Berets had a base that wasn’t too far from us that they would operate out of. So, we never had to go out there and we never messed with them–– never saw them. But, usually, the SF and they guys like that will have Predators and stuff like that on station. So, he would always have stuff come by. We did have at least two different times where the Taliban did try to ambush us, and we managed to get back over and they just shot a couple of RPGs at us and some smaller fire. I did feel a couple bullets go by my head, saw it by my hands. Went over the hill and the ANA shot some RPGs back at them and we had a couple F-15s that did the show of force–– they would come in 100 feet off the ground and come screaming by. So, that was pretty cool. One came by one day, going super sonic, because we had radio traffic that they were getting ready to ambush us. So, there were a couple of close calls but for the most part–– some of the other documentaries and stuff I’ve seen, it wasn’t nearly as bad as what we were expecting. (47:16). Interviewer: “Yeah. If they were going to ambush you, were they going to do that as you were coming out of the base? Or, into it?” We usually would set up and then take off before they could actually see us come out–– and it was usually so fast that they couldn’t get us. So, they would usually try and wait if it was during the day and try to ambush us as we came back. We were far enough away from any hills or anything like that–– they really couldn’t get close enough to us to actually attack us with small arms fire. The only option for them was, really, to shoot mortars at us. So, that was really their best option. Sometimes at night they would try and do something like that, or if we’d tried to go �through or right near the bazaar or some of the other small towns in the area. They had a lot better chances in the city. But, it was more of a cat-and-mouse game. We would hear radio traffic and we’d scoot a different way–– try and outthink them. We’d never take the same route twice (48:17). Interviewer: “Do you have any sense that they kind of backed away some in the latter part of your stay there? Or were a little more careful about what they did with you?” It seemed like the farther we got, the closer the cat-and-mouse game got. We–– proactively–– tried to go after them, the best we could. But, it was more like we would step their way and they would just step around us. So, no matter which way we turned, we could never really go head-tohead. One day we ended up going through and taking pictures and fingerprints of a lot of people, and we did it all morning. Then, we tried to go straight through one of the small villages and they shot at us with a couple of RPGs. Then, we tried taking off and actually going back to our COP– – [it] was midmorning, probably 11 o’clock–– and that’s when they actually started trying to shoot small arms fire at us, which was one of the only times they shot small arms fire at us. That was pretty effective, for the most part–– but it only took a couple minutes for the return fire. That surprised them enough to back off. Interviewer: “Now, did your unit take casualties while you were there?” We were the only company that didn’t take any casualties. We lost six guys out of our battalion, so out of the four companies. We did have some guys that stepped on a couple of IEDs [and] one guy that shot in the arm. Interviewer: “You got wounded but not killed.” Not killed. Our company was the only one. Interviewer: “So now when you move to the larger base, what are you doing from there?” From there we were getting ready to shut FOB Tillman down–– they were getting ready to shut that down. And it was more out in the open, there weren't really a whole lot of foot patrols that we could do. We did a couple of mounted patrols and then after that I stayed and pulled gate guard for one of the entry control points for the Afghan National Army–– some of their guys would come through. They had cooks and stuff–– people that delivered food would come through. Some of my friends got handpicked to go on security patrol [where] they’d walk the mountain–– they’d walk the ridge tops–– kind of escorting the wrecking crew that was driving through. So, they were gone for a couple weeks and they operated out of another base, and then they came back. One of the last big patrols, I went with them–– escorting the crew out when they �actually got done and were ready to come back after about a week-and-a-half/two weeks. Then, we escorted them back out. And that was about it for another two or three weeks and then we came home. (50:51). Interviewer: “And during this period, would the Taliban attack you at that base or harass you with mortars?” They would shoot a lot more mortars at us. That was a lot bigger base and we had three or four 155 Howitzers that were out there, so they could actually shoot back. Their incoming radar detection was a lot better. We had one at our small base that we had, but from my understanding they could either have the warning system on or they could track the incoming mortars. So, when we were at our smaller base, for the first couple weeks they would have the warning system come on, so they would shoot the mortars at us and we’d hear the warning. The classic siren going off and we’d all take off running, duck down, and then would shoot back. At the bigger base, they had it down a lot better. As far as I know, they don’t have any anti-mortar systems that could actually shoot it out of the sky. But, there were a couple sporadic mortars that would hit–– nothing like we were used to. They actually shot mortars at us one day when me and my friend were first walking around. We heard the mortar hit and we threw ourselves on the ground and then we looked around and no one else had done it–– and it wasn’t even anywhere near us. So, we thought it was kind of embarrassing. (52:09). Interviewer: “And while you were there, could you actually learn to tell a little bit better if it was going to be close to you?” After the first couple of weeks in country, you can, kind of. It was a really faint pop. One of my friends actually had some hearing damage from some machine gun fire. He couldn’t hear–– he would always ask you to repeat yourself. I know I talk pretty low sometimes, but he would constantly have people have to repeat stuff. He would hear that pop go off every time. Sometimes he would take off running and you would just take off running with him. So after the first month or so, you could hear the definite “pop” and there’s probably an eight to ten second delay before it would actually go off. And they could usually shoot a couple off at once, so you would hear a “pop” [and] everyone would take off running, and you could usually get behind cover in time. Then you’d have two or three go off pretty close to each other–– within a few seconds. Then, sometimes there might be a couple minute delay and they might try to shoot a couple more at us before we could shoot back at them. Just to see if anyone would come out of cover and then we would always have to wait, I believe, 20 minutes or so–– we would wait around for the all clear, just to make sure they weren’t trying to wait us out and try and catch someone out in the open. Interviewer: “Do you know why you were shutting these bases down?” �To start and pull all of the troops out of Afghanistan. They started closing all of the smaller command posts and just trying to draw everything back. Ours had been there for a while and it wasn’t of much strategic importance, as far as I know. So, we just started closing all of those down. Interviewer: “So you’re not turning it over to the Afghan military because there’s not really a point to that, or?” No. I was still a Private then–– I don’t remember a whole lot about exactly why we did everything we did, but I know ours wasn’t important enough for them to want to keep it manned. There were a lot of other bases that were a little bit further away from us that were manned by the Afghan National Army–– strictly them. So, as far as I know, they just kept those open and we were one of the bases that wasn’t needed. So, we tore everything down and tried to make it as close to it as when we got there. It looked considerably different within two weeks. (54:25). Interviewer: “And then kind of shutting that down, that’s pretty much the end of your tour in Afghanistan?” That’s pretty much it. Interviewer: “And how do they get you back?” We got back and we pretty much went in reverse order. We went back to Manas, then we went from there back to Bagram. Then, once we went to Bagram–– after we actually got to leave–– then we flew from there back to Kyrgyzstan and Germany–– in reverse order. Interviewer: “Now, [do] you get a leave when you get home?” We got back, we had to turn all of our equipment in. The ceremony when we got back was pretty fast. I was actually one of the first people to come back. So, I flew back with some guys who were out of Fort Campbell, Kentucky. So I actually flew back to the base with them and was in the other room when they all did their–– they got off the plane and went onto the runway and all their family met up. Then, they took us into the big hangar and we stayed there for probably six hours. They told us something was wrong with the airplane and they had to fix it. So, we were there for a while and got back on the plane and flew from there back to Kansas. Interviewer: “Now, does the Army do anything to sort-of help you back with the transition to being back in the States or seeing your family again? Or, is it just, ‘Here you go?’” �Pretty much, “Here you go.” I know you hear some stories–– it might’ve been a little different when we deployed. We did nine months [with] no leave. Some of the other guys at the beginning of the war did longer deployments, but they usually got to come home to leave for at least a week or two. I could see where that was a lot harder where you go from–– in Iraq one day, 3 or 4 days later you’re back stateside, and you gotta turn around and go right back after a week or so. So, for us, I guess it was a little bit better. We weren’t there quite as long, but we got no leave so our decompression–– the amount of time it took us to come back, which was probably a week or two. (56:38). Interviewer: “And then once you do get back, how much leave do you get?” I think we could take at least a month. I think I took three weeks. I broke my foot when we did one of my last patrols, so I came back early to try and get it looked at because I knew something was wrong, but I didn’t know exactly what. So, I had to come back. Interviewer: “How did you break your foot?” We were doing one of our patrols. When we shut FOB Tillman down, I was doing escort for the guys who were driving the dozers and stuff back. I was probably about 135 pounds and I was carrying probably 120 pounds or so, and it was probably one of the hardest patrols I had done. From what I know, it was just the sheer weight and rocky ground and stuff like that. I fractured the bone on the bottom of my foot, and it got worse. It wasn’t bad enough to get airlifted out–– I know one of my friends on a previous patrol, escorting them in, fell down and broke his leg and he had to get air vacced out. So, me, I just walked on it for a while, came back, had about a week off, and then we did one last foot patrol where nothing happened. That was probably 10 or 12 miles and it just kept compounding on itself. It would heal up a little bit, then I’d walk on it, the bone would rub against the nerve, and I would go back and it would heal up enough. An x-ray didn’t catch it. I went on leave for about three weeks and came back, and then spent about six months trying to figure out what it was. It took a little while to get a bone scan and then the bone scan caught it. (58:11). Interviewer: “So, when you come back from leave, you’re at Fort Riley again, at this point?” [I] went back to Fort Riley and it was pretty much the same as when I had first gotten there. Everyone had just come back from leave. I believe we had one or two new Privates that were waiting on us when we got there. Then, over the next couple of months we got more and more. As people get promoted, they get transferred out to different companies. That way there is no conflict of interest, when possible. Interviewer: “At what point do you get promoted?” �I got promoted about six months in, when I hit my year-and-a-half mark. I got promoted from Private to Private First Class. And then, I believe, a day or two after I got back is when I actually picked up Specialist. Then, I was in-and-out of the hospital, trying to get my leg looked at, so I never went to get Sergeant. Usually you have to pass a PT test and go to the promotion board and stuff like that. And if you’re on profile, trying to get your foot looked at or any other thing, they don’t send you to the promotion board. Interviewer: “Now the foot–– did that have anything to do with your leaving the Army, or were you ready to go anyway?” It took about six months to figure out what was wrong. I got back February 2, 2013 and it was probably August of 2013 before I figured out what was wrong. Then, I believe it was December 6 of 2013 when I got my first surgery, and that took about a month to heal up. I was in sneakers for a while–– couldn’t get my foot into a boot. Then, it was a lot of healing up afterwards. They went into my foot and took the bone out from my big toe, so my big toe just kind of flopped around. There was no tendon. I had no muscle, so I still couldn’t really walk or run. And then, after about another three or four months, probably going into March of 2014, they decided they were going to med board me–– and just do a medical discharge. After I tried getting better and it just wasn’t working. (1:00:24). Interviewer: “But, you still wind up being in, officially, until 2017.” That took about almost nine months to go through the med board process. You have to go through and do your medical evaluation–– after they’ve decided that they wanna start the med board process. There’s a lot of paperwork you have to go through. You have to do all your discharge paperwork and then all the information you submit to the med board claim has to come back after it’s processed, and you have to agree to it. When I first got it back, I believe they only rated me at ten percent. I had gone and seen a doctor right before I came back from deployment to try and get my foot looked at, but they didn’t have any x-ray equipment or anything like that. So, I just came back to get looked at and they told me their computers had crashed [and] they didn’t have anything on file. So, I had to go over to another unit and talk to somebody. Interviewer: “So, we were kind of talking about the end of your time in the service. So, you get back and you have the foot injury and so forth, there’s this extended process of having you muster out and so you’re not going to be able to reenlist. Was the original plan to reenlist and do another hitch?” I had been talking about it with my wife. She had just found out that she was pregnant and she had our daughter right before I got out–– June 18 of 2014. So, it was right around the time I found out that I was getting med boarded. I was kind of on the fence if I wanted to reenlist. My �granddad did tanks for a while, so I was considering reenlisting to go–– I was kind of at the point where I wasn’t sure if I wanted to stay in or try and do anything else. And that kind of got made up for me. (1:02:16). Interviewer: “The medical thing kind of took over at that point. While we were off camera, you were talking a little bit about another situation. You said there was a point when a General would come out and visit the base. What happens when that goes on?” The COP I was at–– the latrines and stuff like that, we just had little outhouses and we had wagbags. Some people might use them for camping–– it’s almost just like cat litter in them. You’d just open them up and that’s where you would use the bathroom. If you had to take a leak, it was just a tube that was buried a couple feet in the ground. We didn’t shower very much and our uniforms were pretty dirty–– we only got to do laundry a couple of times. A lot of it was washing socks in an ammo can and wiping with baby wipes and stuff like that. So, especially being in the infantry, no women were allowed in at that time. So, they didn’t allow women out there and there were only two or three women the entire six months/seven months we were there–– where women had actually come out. And just, the women, just using the shampoo–– or even some of the Generals and stuff, just being clean–– even from a couple of hundred yards away, just walking by that area, you can just smell the–– not even like perfume–– you can just smell the fresh shampoo and the clean clothes. We thought it was pretty funny when someone would come out–– and I walked by one day–– and even after they left, you could just smell it for hours. Just the smell of clean. Our CO commented a couple of times that we all smelled pretty bad towards the end. Interviewer: “Well, you didn’t really have any way of washing yourself because you didn’t have a regular water supply.” They would airlift in pallets of water. They would actually air drop them off and push the pallets off of the back of a C-130 that would come in to do a resupply drop with food and stuff like that. So, we had pallets of water to drink with and with bottled water, you can do about anything you want with it. We would have non-potable water that the Afghan National Army would go down, every week or two for us, and pump some water out of the well in the community bazaar. They would bring it back and put it into big blivets. (1:04:30). Interviewer: “What do you do with that water?” You can’t drink it, but you can use that for showers. So, I got four or five quick, 60-second, showers–– including lathering up. And then we would use that for laundry and stuff like that. But, after a while, the water ran out and it was too much trouble to actually go get the water. So, a lot of the time we would go a week or two without washing our uniforms. We could wash clean �socks and trying to wash the clothes the best we could with just some soap. We’d have our own laundry detergent that we brought with us, powdered stuff, so it wouldn’t spill or leak everywhere. Then we’d have ammo cans and just dump some soap in there–– bar of soap–– or something like that, and wash it in an ammo can and rinse it out. I would set bottles of water out in the sun, let it heat up all the way, and then at night I’d walk out there and wash by myself behind one of the buildings. Interviewer: “What did you do for food?” We had pretty different food. We had pretty good food. We had two cooks who would come out and they would cook breakfast–– we didn’t do lunch–– and then we’d have dinner. That was usually pretty big. There were some snacks and just bags of M&Ms and Skittles in the–– we called it the chow hall. It was just a big room with some picnic tables and you could go in there and grab some cookies or drinks. (1:06:06). Interviewer: “Did you have Army cooks or were these civilians?” We had two Army cooks. We had one cook, Shelby–– I think it was Sergeant Shelby–– and he was really good. He really liked actually going out to the Operating Post that we had up on the hill. He thought it was really cool to go up there and he wanted some pictures and stuff like that. He wasn’t too big on gunfire and stuff like that, so he thought it was cool, the couple of times they let him go out and actually walk up the hill when we would do rotations. We would do three days of patrols, three days of guarding the OP or security with the ANA at our compound. I was up there a couple of times where he would actually load our backpack full of some energy drinks and cookies and candy and small packs of beef jerky and stuff we would get. He actually carried it up there himself to give us something, as a thank you. And he always–– he did a really good job of giving us some really good food. He really put some effort into it. Interviewer: “So it wasn’t just life on MREs the whole time you were there.” Not the whole time. Interviewer: “Now when you were at Tillman, was there more or better food or pretty much the same?” I think the food was about the same. It was a lot bigger there, from what I saw. I was only there [for] a couple of days. I think the food was about the same. And then we left and went back [and] we pulled security on one of their OPs–– [and] for about a week, we just had strictly MREs. Then, after that, we got picked up by Chinooks again and we got taken out into the valley ahead of the convoy, and we lived out there for about five or six days. I remember I was out there for �Thanksgiving day, 2012, and I was up on the OPs when I saw my friends were out doing patrol. And the Little Bird came in and the Pilot swooped in and I thought he was going to shoot at me or something like that–– because I didn’t have a radio, he scared me. He came in and hovered a couple of feet over my head and reached out and gave me a bag of Kit-Kats. And that was our Thanksgiving dinner. So, I saved all the candy and gave it to everyone else who came back–– let them have it. That was pretty cool–– getting to reach up and grabbing something from somebody. (1:08:14). Interviewer: “And you’d mentioned calling home. Now, did you have your own cell phones or–– what did you have?” We didn’t have cell phones. We didn’t take cameras out with us. The CO didn’t want any cameras out when we were on patrol, so I had a couple of pictures within the COP and then we had–– I believe–– four to six phones, land-lines, inside of the Command Post. Then we had, I believe, eight to ten computers. Interviewer: “So you could send an email home?” We could send emails, calls. I usually tried to call every day or two–– [to] talk to my wife for about half an hour. Say, “Hey,” and “what’s going on?” Interviewer: “What time of day would you call. I mean, was there a civilized time to call, because the time difference was so big?” I wanna say there was a six or seven hour time difference, so I believe I would call towards the evening–– probably around three or four o’clock–– before I ate dinner. Sometimes later in the evening if I waited late enough. We didn’t really have a specific bedtime unless we were on patrol or something like that. Later that night I’d call her at eight or nine o’clock my time–– a couple of hours before we went on patrol. If we were going out for more than a couple of days I would be like, “You won’t hear from me for a couple of days.” [You] could order stuff online. The Wi-Fi wasn’t good enough–– we didn’t have Wi-Fi but the computers weren’t good enough for Skype or anything where I was at originally. So, I only got to do that right before I came back–– but I would order flowers and stuff like that. Interviewer: “Now, when you do get discharged–– so we’ve made it into 2017–– what do you do from there?” I had about 40 to 45 days of leave, so I got out in the beginning of December 2014 and then I was on terminal leave until January 30, 2015. And then I got some disability check–– that was pretty small–– and I got severance pay when I got out. I knew I wanted to go back to school and �school had started in January, but because I had terminal leave I didn’t calculate that in. I couldn’t get registered for school and then summer classes they weren’t really doing. So, I decided just to wait till August of 2015 to actually begin school. I didn’t have a whole lot of time with my wife and daughter in between training and deploying, so I just spent the whole summer with them. We went on a road trip to Georgia and up through North Carolina and got to go to the Belmont Estates [and] spent some time together. (1:10:55). Interviewer: “Now, did you have any trouble or odd things as you’re readjusting to civilian life? Or was it so gradual in a way because of all of the medical stuff and what you were doing that it kind of eased you out?” It was definitely a lot different when I came back from deployment–– trying to reintegrate. Even though I had that decompression time, just getting readjusted to civilian life. I remember driving a car after I came back. I’m used to driving pick-up armored trucks and stuff. My wife had bought me a truck when I came back–– a small pick-up. So, it was just trying to get used to driving a pick-up and being able to actually get up in the middle of the night and I want something to eat, I can go get whatever I want. But then it was–– when I got out and we came up here in Michigan, it wasn’t a whole lot of–– to me, it wasn’t a big difference. I was kind of ready to get out and ready to sleep in whenever I wanted. But, then after a while I got bored pretty quickly–– you get used to that routine. Interviewer: “And then, where did you choose to go to school?” I chose to go to school at Ferris State University. I took a placement test right before I got out to see where I would place education wise and decided to go to the Heavy Equipment program up here. (1:12:11). Interviewer: “And now you’re basically graduating?” I’m almost done. Next week will be my last day of classes and then I’ll be walking at commencement on May 11th–– about two weeks from now. Interviewer: “And then you’re going to move up from here?” I took a job with Hewitt Construction and I’m going to be going out near Washington D.C. for the first couple of months–– working on a project there. They’re actually set up a lot similar to the Army, where I just move as the work goes. So, I could go from D.C. to Washington state, Texas, pretty much anywhere in the country. So, working long hours, a couple days off, so it’s a lot similar to the Army. �Interviewer: “Now, to think back over the time you spent in the Army, how do you think that affected you or what did you take out of it?” I got to learn a lot, especially being in the infantry. It’s a lot different than some of the other MOSs, your job speciality, where you just come in and you’re doing legal work or something like that. You’re just with a bunch of different guys [and] you get really close to each other. Then, when you get out, there’s nothing else to compare it to. I know some of my friends got out and tried to do a lot of sports and stuff like that–– to try and find something else that matches it. Even being here with all the other veterans, it’s hard to relate to anybody else. There’s not anyone else I have really met that has really gone through the same thing as me. I did meet one guy for a couple months, and he graduated. So, it’s hard to readjust. Interviewer: “So, unless they’re in the infantry in that kind of thing, they’re not going to have had those experiences. But, they’re also not the guys who you spent that time with.” Right. Interviewer: “Because that’s where a lot of the bonds get formed.” Right. And even when I have met some of the other people, even before I got out, who were infantry, it’s kind of like a small brotherhood. You meet a lot of guys who did the same thing. Sometimes I find that I can talk to other veterans–– especially Vietnam vets–– who were in the infantry and had a lot more [an] active role, I guess. It’s kind of hard to relate to someone who was a mechanic or a pilot–– where we still have something in common, but something’s missing. Interviewer: “Well, you’ve done a very good job telling your story for us. Thank you for sharing it today.” Thank you for having me. (1:14:42). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MancilG2305V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mancil, Gabriel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-04 Title A name given to the resource Mancil, Gabriel (Interview transcript and video), 2019 Description An account of the resource Gabriel Mancil was born on July 16, 1990 in Valdosta, Georgia. He was homeschooled and acquired a GED in March of 2008. After an Army recruiter requested he acquire some college education to qualify for the service, Mancil attended two semesters at a local community college before enlisting. From there, he was sent to Fort Benning, Georgia, for sixteen weeks of Basic Training. In Basic, Mancil attended One Station Unit Training (OSUT) for his first eight weeks before graduating onto Advanced Infantry Training. Mancil was then transferred into Hometown Recruiting before going to Fort Riley, Kansas, where he was assigned to C Company, 28th Infantry Regiment, 1st Battalion, 1st Division and prepared for deployment. In May of 2012, his unit was deployed to Afghanistan and was flown from Kansas to Germany and then Manas, Kyrgyzstan, before transferring to a military aircraft for the final flight into FOB (forward operating base) Sharana, Afghanistan. His unit was stationed at a Command Operating Post (COP) and was tasked with supporting the Afghan National Army (ANA) in addition to patrolling. After six months, his unit was relocated to another nearby, larger COP where it conducted armored and security patrols. Since it was a larger Post, the Taliban fired a greater quantity of mortar rounds at his position, but now, his unit could return fire more effectively since they had field artillery and radar at the Post. At the end of his tour in February of 2013, Mancil was flown back to Manas, then to Germany, and then back to the United States. Back at Fort Riley, he was promoted to Private First Class and then Specialist, but never applied to become a Sergeant because of a foot injury he sustained from the strain of his gear. Due to the severity of the injury, he was deemed medically unfit for service and started the long process of medical discharge in March of 2014. Once discharged in 2017, Mancil returned to college in August and spent more time with his wife and newborn daughter. When he and his family moved to Michigan, Mancil believed he was ready to leave the service lifestyle and enjoy civilian life. He attended Ferris State University for its heavy equipment program and graduated in May of 2019. He then acquired a job with Hewitt Construction near Washington D.C. which, ironically, followed a similar work mentality to that of the Army. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings Afghan War, 2001-2021—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c45af4682cd8f832715a6f102c453619.m4v 7f8e4f736a9bea86e5e2287a35075f9c https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/42968809cd84ffc4d9da0605690ccd2d.pdf 7d2330637df35e76f48665944bb21dd5 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Albert Manes Length of interview (01:04:12) (00:06) Background Born in Brooklyn, New York on September 20, 1919. (00:07) Family moved to Pontiac, Michigan when he was two years old. (00:18) Moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1932, in the midst of the Depression. (00:38) Graduated from Central High in 1937 and worked as a shoe salesman for a few years. (00:54) Was inducted on September 19, 1941. (01:07) (01:16) Basic Training Left Grand Rapids for Fort Custer in Battle Creek. After a few weeks there, they were sent to Camp Roberts in California. (03:01) Describes life in barracks. (03:23) Says that basic training “felt like a game” because no one thought that they were really going to war. (05:15) Describes a typical day at Fort Custer. (05:55) Never finished basic training because Pearl Harbor occurred during his ninth week. Describes his experience. (07:26) Was sent to Santa Rosa, California, for three days during December where he was assigned to the 7th Infantry Division. (09:38) His battalion was sent to San Mateo, California, and lived at the Bay Meadows Racetrack. (10:42) Describes becoming a clerk while at Half Moon Bay. Became the assistant in the Orderly Room for the First Sergeant while in San Mateo. (15:34) Took platoons of approximately 35 people to guard the coast for about a week at a time. Describes his duties. (11:33) In April of 1942, division moved down the coast to Camp San Luis Obispo. Describes the more intensive training. (14:00) Had a week of training in the San Joaquin Valley before training for 70 days in the Mojave Desert. Didn’t know it at the time, but they were training against people coming from Louisiana. (17:35) In January of 1943, their motorized equipment was taken away and the division was sent to Fort Ord, California, for several months. (18:32) In April, the division boarded a troop ship in San Francisco and left for the Aleutian Islands. Describes his experience traveling. (19:06) (21:23) Service in Aleutian Islands His division invaded the island of Attu. (21:28) Describes the equipment they were given. (22:00) Each platoon of approximately 30 men was assigned specific jobs. At the time, his job �was administrative. He assisted the First Sergeant seargant and worked as a runner for the Company Commander because the moisture in the air inhibited the walkie talkies that were typically used. (22:16) The landscape and weather made this job difficult. Because the Japanese were above the fog line, they could see the U.S. troops, but the troops couldn’t see them. Although the location was dangerous, he never found himself in danger. (23:55) The troops moved from the ships to the shore by LSTs. Recalls that many of them hit sand bars on the way in, and men jumped off into eight feet of water and were never heard from again. (24:35) His division was not under fire while arriving. Didn’t encounter enemy troops until they were about one or two miles in land. (25:02) The terrain was very soft once they moved past the beach. Recalls that many men were lost due to frostbite. Supposes that frostbite did as much damage as the enemy did. (26:24) He traveled about 50 feet behind the troops with the rest of the administrative group. When the troops encountered combat, he wasn’t very involved. (27:10) The troops were unable to move for apprximately one week because of the incoming Japanese mortars and machine gunfire. After a week, it was decided that they had to move forward. Recalls that a lot of men, including the Company Commander were lost during this particular endeavor. (28:06) Describes his role as a runner during this time. Says that it was a difficult job, but he was fortunate. (29:19) Gradually worked their way through Attu. (30:27) At the end of May when it was still daylight at midnight , the Japanese employed a Banzai attack. Because the U.S. troops had the high ground, they took a lot of Japanese lives. (31:06) Moved to another Aleutian Island called Adak on July 15, 1943. The island had a small air field, a movie theater, and small recreation areas. Stayed in Adak to recuperate from the battle of Attu. (32:29) Troops moved to Kiska on August 15, which was the island that the Japanese were most prominent on. Were told that this would be an especially difficult battle. (33:43) Were not under fire when they arrived by ship. Thought that the Japanese would certainly attack upon arrival because of the landscape. (34:16) Found that the Japanese had evacuated the island. To his knowledge, “the Air Corps got credit for driving them out, the Navy was reprimanded for letting them get away, and the Army got laughed at for going in.” (34:57) (36:05) Service in Hawaii and South Pacific Troops traveled to Hawaii afterwards to recuperate until January. Describes his disappointment upon arrival. (36:05) After January of 1944, the troops boarded ships and traveled to the Mariana Islands. Troops were split up in order to attack the smaller islands. Recalls that they ran into some resistance, but within a week they had “cleared the place out” and sailed back to Hawaii. (37:57) Had little knowledge of the war’s progression at this time. (39:29) Troops left Hawaii in early August and traveled for about a month before arriving in �Eniwetok. Stayed in the harbor for two weeks. (41:13) Troops left again and traveled to Manus Island. Stayed there for a time before leaving again for the Philippines. (43:00) The troops invaded Leyte, which was the first invasion of the Philippines. (43:38) Recalls that the Japanese began attacking once they had a foothold, but by that time they had enough men on shore to handle it. (44:43) At this time, he worked as a radio operator between his company and the batallion’s headquarters, which required him to carry a 50 pound radio. (45:48) Describes the jungle environment and his encounters with gunfire. (46:38) While traveling down the forward slope of a hill, the Company Commander called a meeting of all leutenants and seargants. Despite suggestions to find a better place to meet, the Company Commander insisted that they were safe. Within minutes, three rounds of artillery were fired and three men were killed and many were wounded. Albert was awarded a Bronze Star on December 10, 1944 for calling the medics to the scene. (50:35) The troops hit Okinawa on April 1, 1945. Witnessed a kamikaze plane hit a ship. (55:09) Troops moved across the island and never had any opposition until they reached the other side. (56:01) Because Okanawa was the Japanese Artillery Training Grounds, the Japanese knew the area so well that they simply had to wait for the U.S. troops. Describes the difficulties encountered. (56:34) (58:38) Returning Home Soon after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Albert was sent to Washington to begin being discharged. (58:38) Describes his reaction to the end of the war. (1:00:04) Stayed in Washington for a few days, before being sent to Wisconsin to be discharged. (1:00:52) Called his family once he head reached Milwaulkee. Once he arrived in Muskegon by ferry, his entire extended family of approximately 50 people were there to greet him. Recalls that it was a very emotional event for everyone. (1:01:07) Admits that his military career didn’t impact him very much. Says that he “wouldn’t do it again for a million dollars, but [he] wouldn’t take a million dollars for what he did.” (1:02:21) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ManesA Title A name given to the resource Manes, Albert (Interview outline and video), 2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manes, Albert Description An account of the resource Albert Manes was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1919, but grew up in Michigan. He was drafted in 1941 and was assigned to the 7th Infantry Division. He served in the headquarters section of an infantry company. He saw action with his unit in the Aleutian Islands, the Marianas, on Leyte in the Philippines, and on Okinawa. He was awarded a Bronze Star for his service on Leyte. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Boring, Frank (Interviewer) Michigan Military Preservation Society (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-11-08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/67066338da5ac18b3ed22aac2c8d21ee.mp4 078f67829b611fc799bd5aed8ad17904 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e84735f255aa209b2d6a9042589a9d07.pdf 63b871b9b90f6ad2b6514667f6fd25ad PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Anthony Mangione Length: 29:38 (00:05) Background Information • • • Anthony was born in Brooklyn, New York on December 26, 1931 He enlisted in the Marine Corps reserves in 1948, which was similar to the National Guard Anthony was stationed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard (1:40) Boot Camp • Anthony was sent to Camp Lejeune in North Carolina as well as the Norfolk Navy base for training with men in the regular Marine Corps • They trained with M1Rifles, tanks, jeeps, trucks BARs, and 30 calibers • Every person in the Marine Corps had to qualify as a rifleman or they would not be able to move forward in training • Anthony became a marksman and sharpshooter and began training other men • He later became a corporal with his division was activated (4:35) School Troops • Anthony was part of the 19th Infantry Battalion and sent to Quantico, Virginia to work at the Marine Corps headquarters • They were working with the “school troops,” helping 2nd Lieutenants through their field training in the Blue Ridge Mountains • Anthony worked in Virginia for a little more than 1.5 years in the school troops • They worked in combat training with the 2nd Lieutenants, playing the bad guys and basically trying to make their lives miserable (7:30) Camp Life • They had much nicer barracks than the 2nd Lieutenants, with their own kitchen, cooks, and people to wait on them • Their barracks was next to the air field and a swimming pool • They continued training, marching, and working with weapons • Quantico was also where the FBI workers were trained • Anthony often worked on guard duty at the hospital, on motor vehicles, and on prison chasing • They put on shows for congressmen and foreign dignitaries, detailing on how the Marine Corps worked �(12:25) Living Conditions • They lived in cinder block barracks and he had lived in tents while in North Carolina • The men often performed in parades and had once been called to a parade on Pennsylvania Avenue • For some reason they felt that President Truman did not like the Marine Corps and they did not like him either • They worked with many men that had been fighting in Korea, but were later going through rehabilitation (19:25) After Service • Anthony was asked to sign up for another 6 years of service in 1952, but he declined because he was not interested in fighting in Korea • It was impossible to find a job in New York City after serving in the Marine Corps • Anthony eventually found a job working with his brother at an electrical company • He got married and bought a house in New Jersey with the help of the GI Bill � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MangioneA Title A name given to the resource Mangione, Anthony (Interview outline and video), 2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mangione, Anthony Description An account of the resource Anthony Mangione was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1936 and enlisted in the Marines Corps reserves in 1948. The Korean War broke out in 1950 and his unit had been activated. Anthony was stationed at the Marine Corps headquarters in Quantico, Virginia working with the school troops. Their job was to work with the 2nd Lieutenants during their field training. He decided not to re-enlist in 1952 because he did not want to be sent to Korea. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mangione, Nathaniel (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-01-23 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e63caa51316cfe0db6288d8312cfaa65.mp4 6c0ff9a52efa4442bcb36dbd1c77db1b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/26853f253babb6da43259418b88154aa.pdf 1bc360db13b94a8fe4276aaf3cc962e9 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Charles Mangold (01:19:55) (00:20) Background Information • • • • • • • • • Charles was born June 9, 1952 in Saginaw, MI He grew up on a farm in Three Rivers, MI and his dad worked for the county His father sold the farm and divorced his mother They moved to Millington, MI to live on his grandmother’s farm Charles graduated from high school in 1970 and had recently looked into joining the Air Force He couldn’t find a job after high school and tried joining the Army but they told him he weighed too much He started a job in manufacturing, rebuilding water pumps At work he had a few no-shows and got fired, so his father kicked him out and he had to live in a car He checked back with the Air Force but ended up enlisting in the Navy for six years (19:05) December 20, 1970 Boot Camp • • • • • • • Charles was sent to Fort Wayne, IN for induction It was near the end of the Vietnam war and many people were joining the Marine Corps He took a plane to Great Lakes Naval Academy in Chicago There wasn’t much physical training and they focused on classes Everyone had to get all of their hair cut off and some of the men cried The classes taught basic naval operations, nautical procedure, tying knots, weapons training, and survival Charles lost about 30 pounds during basic training (30:00) Basic Propulsion and Engineering School (BP&E) • • • • • • He attended BP&E for 5 weeks and Machinist Aid School for 7 weeks Then took 2 weeks leave to visit family in MI He then went to submarine school, taking classes and training for one year Charles boarded his first submarine in December, 1971 While training he decided that he did not enjoy classes and did not want to be in the navy for 6 years He purposely got bad grades in the Machinist Aid courses so that he would wash out and not move up to the nuclear power program �• He regrets this now because the training would have helped him get more salary today (34:05) USS James Monroe • • • • Charles boarded the USS James Monroe, which was a fleet ballistic missile submarine headed for Pearl Harbor He spent 3 months in Hawaii as a Machinist Mate on dry dock repairing engines on subs Machinist Mates maintained auxiliary equipment There were 85 men working on the sub in all different shifts (43:20) USS Sablefish • • • • • • • While not at port Charles worked in the engine room He traveled to Korea and Japan on the USS Sablefish There were many North and South Korean ships and subs in the water because they remained enemies after the Korean War He traveled to Hong Kong, Taiwan and the Philippines Every time he was at port he had the liberty to visit different cities Their longest patrol at sea lasted 19 days; they spent most of the time at the surface They spent a lot of time playing cards because there wasn’t much else to do (54:15) Life after the Navy • • • • • • Charles moved to Gaylord, MI and worked with his brother-in-law as a carpenter after the navy He got married and had a daughter, but did not enjoy his job because he thought it was too easy and boring He then moved back to Millington and worked with his father in a scrap yard He moved to Gaylord again and worked at Northern Tank where he worked for 80 to 100 hours a weeks Charles then began driving trucks for Kodiak Construction He then worked at a gas station and builds mini train sets on his free time � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MangoldC Title A name given to the resource Mangold, Charles (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mangold, Charles Description An account of the resource Charles Mangold was born on June 9, 1952 in Saginaw, Michigan. Charles enlisted in the Navy in December of 1970 and went through boot camp at Great Lakes Naval Academy in Chicago, Illinois. He then went through Basic Propulsion Engineering School and Machinist Aid School. Charles trained for submarine service for one year and then boarded his first submarine in 1971. Charles traveled to Hawaii, Japan, and Korea while on active duty and worked as a machinist's mate. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Navy Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-11-08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c2d30bb69e163e03adfbe3635fa00ee8.pdf d3cf44f69b737977dcf3cf72ce528998 PDF Text Text ���� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9d926881772d95a455b1cfd1c50a6283.pdf 31f18dace31aa0e0c42fc2948adb5322 PDF Text Text [Copy 1 Page 1] Copy Washington 25th Nov. 1850 My dear Sir, It gives me great pleasure to respond to your inquiry. Whether in my opinion the rejection of your nomination by the Senate at the late session, was “the result of misapprehension.” I am very sure that it was. And I as took the lead in the first movement, I have constantly & deeply regretted it since --- feeling a strong conviction that you were unjustly sacrificed. During the last year, I thought the Senate had been most unjustly & malignantly assailed, & with purposes & views as I supposed, not about the level of the demagogue, seeking a contemptible notoriety. And as such was my estimate of the whole transaction that I Wd have voted to confer office on no man in America whom I knew to be art & part in it. Several scurrilous & malignant articles appeared in a New York paper, & a member of Gen. Taylor’s cabinet, shaking unquestionably, left an impression upon me that you were probably the writer of them. Upon your nomination coming up, I suggested this with the view of enabling your friends & particularly Senator Cooper, to set you right. The explanation almost instantly made, satisfied me that we had no sufficient evidence to reject you, & therefore I declined voting my reasons. The vote being taken, to my surprise you were rejected. Subsequent in[formation] �[Copy 1 Page 2] [in]formation that I deemed reliable, satisfied me beyond all doubt, that you had been most unjustly dealt with. I took a deep & steady interest in getting a motion made to reconsider. Cal Bell agreed to make the motion. But before he got to the floor, Cal Thompson’s name came in for the same office. I instantly left the Senate chamber to wait upon the President & to request that Mr. Thompson’s name might be withdrawn --- the favorable result of which I regarded absolutely certain. Upon entering the Vice President’s room, I saw that the President was engaged, & disclosed my business to the Secretary of State; he in view of the extreme pressure for time, thought it best to let it pass by assuring me the admn. would take care of you & do you full justice. Relying most confidently on that, I so told Mr. Cooper, & we determined not to move further in the matter, & confirm Mr. T’s nomination. Feeling as I do your high claims upon the party in power, & knowing as I do, your ample & various qualifications, I do not suffer myself to doubt, that the admn. will do you full and entire justice. Few things could give me more pleasure, & the more particularly, as I feel unhappy under �[Copy 1 Page 3] undesigned injury I have done you & really shd. regard any proper thing done for you in light of a personal favor to me. Very truly & sincerely, Yr. friend and obd. Servt Willie P. Mangum To Nathan Sargent, Esq. P.S. If any thing I have written can avail you for good, it may be used in any way you please. W.P.M. �[Copy 2 Page 1] Copy Lancaster Nov 25th, 1850 Dear Sir From my conversation with Mr. Sargent after his rejection in the Senate I became & am satisfied that he had been misrepresented to me and it would afford me much pleasure to be able to set the matter right. You are at liberty to give Mr. Sargent the benefit of this statement in any manner which may be useful to him. With respect & regard Yours T. Ewing J.W. Upton Esq. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-44_NS1-15489 Title A name given to the resource Nathan Sargent from Willie Mangum, November 25, 1850 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-11-25 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mangum, Willie Person, 1792-1861 Description An account of the resource Copies of two letters written to and regarding Nathan Sargent. The first, written by Sen. Willie Mangum to Nathan Sargent, describes his attempt to see the Vice President after Sargent is rejected by the Senate. The second, written by Sen. Thomas Ewing to J.W. Upton, describes his disappointment that Sargent was misrepresented and pledges his support. Subject The topic of the resource Sargent, Nathan, 1794-1875 Whig Party (U.S.) United States--Politics and government--19th century United States--Officials and employees Petitions Pennsylvania Washington (D.C.) Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent papers, (RHC-44)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f9e05c6ff904f903668291e059cd61f9.pdf d6161b7e5fa16a4529245078f585f336 PDF Text Text Bear Lake Village Zoning Map Legend Highways Roads 1111 ROW CJ Parcels CJ Bear Lake ·-----, L____: Village Boundary Bear Lake Twp. Map created by the Manistee County Planning Dept. 7/17/2019 MAIN ST S S H OR E D R MAIN ST RUSSELL ST ST EUCLID ST E LAK P -~ y y 1 2 nt se se erla erla me ttle iple U iple U s Ov n Ov e s t t S l l io ia l Mu Mu usine otect ent n B ad Pr sid w o Re t llhe wn We Do 0 75 150 300 I ' STUART ST LYNN ST WISE ST SMITH ST MAPLE ST W ST ² 450 Feet 600 PLEASANT ST DR VIRGINIA ST HO S KI N Zoning Districts CODY ST r - L HOPKINS RD CHIPPEWA HW Y POTTER RD � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bear-Lake_Zoning-Map_2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manistee County Planning Department, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-07-17 Title A name given to the resource Bear Lake Village Zoning Map Description An account of the resource The Bear Lake Village Zoning Map was prepared by the Manistee County Planning Department on July 17, 2019. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Bear Lake (Mich.) Bear Lake Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ffb97114b30ac8697d7606bc52983c35.pdf 4db0bf2fa0075f3b7efe1708349c4153 PDF Text Text Copemish W°nllll~i® Village CC®]])®~Ihl 1',i[~'(t®If Master JFil~ Plan ~@11.® 2018 Prepared by the Manistee County Planning Department Adopted via Resolution by the Village of Copemish Planning Commission: on 9/12/2018 �Plan Credits Copemish Planning Commission Suzique Couture Elaine Gibbs Todd Humphrey David Myers Tyson O’Shea Copemish Village Council Ron Bytwerk Elaine Gibbs Deborah Longo David Myers Earl Witkop Mike Longo Suzanna Fink Village President Village Clerk Village Treasurer Manistee County Planning Department Rob Carson, A.I.C.P., Manistee County Planning Director Nancy Baker, Planning Assistant Forward The Village of Copemish Master Plan is presented in a format that encourages the use of the document as an ever present guide to land use policy for Village Officials. In order to prevent the ever present danger of becoming a “shelf-sitter”, as occurs with many plans and studies. This community master plan is prepared in two distinct parts. The first is a standard Master Plan document in 8.5” x 11” format, which contains the introduction, socio-economic profile, public input, inventory of existing conditions and the identified issues of greater than local concern. The second portion of the plan is presented in a poster format for display on a wall where the Planning Commission, Zoning Board of Appeals and Village Council will regularly meet. This wall poster contains the information that is critical to shaping and directing the policy for land use within the Village. This information includes the existing land use analysis, land use objectives and actions, future land use plan with map, M-115 land use plan focus and the zoning plan. The continued presence of the poster on a wall of the Village Hall where it can be viewed, discussed and used as an ever present policy by the Planning Commission, Elected Officials and residents will serve the community well. This planning document was created under the direction of the Village Council and supervision of the Village Planning Commission. All data was obtained from the US Census Bureau, Observed Existing Conditions, Manistee County GIS data and the input of Village Residents. The plan should be revisited on a 5 year time-line for periodic updates, with a major revisions to take place every 10-15 years. 2 �Plan Adoption Resolution V,lfoie of Cop..,,;,h M.anls-t~ Goun~, Mlch1gan At <3 r~gvlar mtt-ting of the Plannit18 commission of th<' Vil!.ittt ()f copemish, Manlstte C<>untv, MlcMg.a.n. held on September ti'', it 7:15pm. PA:€$£Nf: S1.1:iq1Jt ('()UhUE-, Dave Mytrs, Jyson O'Shea. Elaine Gibbs, A8SENT: Todd Humphtey. lhe, following ~tsolution w.a.s offc-rcd by COMmissio~, M•1c1s al\d supp,orted by CoMmhslc>ncr O'Shea: W'HEREAS, the Village of Copemi$h Planning Commi»ion, pu13-uant to tM Mi(hig:~n Pl.a.Ming Enabting A<:t CP\lbic Ac.t 33: of 2008, u ~m~nded•, t\3s stu<l'•ed .ind ptepaftd t(c.ommendations for the or6erty g,o•Hth of the Village; and WHEAEAS, the Plann/ng: Commission has dtvelopt-d i MM~r Pl.1n consisting of re-sea1<h and analysis. pertaini~ to existing conditions, dE:mog,aphiu., uti!iti~s, in(1ast1uctufe, t1ansportation, <omrnunity ~~scu ~nd ot~, oertin(.)nt toi>iC$; a/\4 WHEREAS, the Planning (Qmmi,-sion hn used the M<l~te, Plan analysis to Of~Oatt a Futvie Und use Ma1> that .allota\e$ rand il'I .ai>OtOl)ri.)\e amovnts for fvtv,e development of residential, (ommetcial, industrial, institutional/<ivic and p:ark/open !.p~c; and WHEAEA$, the Ma:i.ter Plan lne,otpotites t«ommendations fo, the M-11S CoNidot that se~k to providt safe eff('(tive l)('dt:i.ttian cohM<:tions between the (ommef(ial distti,t and 1esidenttal din,~ the highwiy divides; and WHEREAS, the Ma1-ttr Pl~n inco,po,~tts ,~oMmcnaatton$ from the-S,Ye¥ P\lfk ~nd R<:cc.reation Pfan $U<h a:1, the extension of the &etsie Valley Trail into the wmm1Jnity whi<h will prOfflOt~ h<::althv Ii-ling 3nd it1tft'3SC· c,cot'lomi( activity; and WHEA.EAS, thP. Ptann!n,g Commis-sion hP.ld a publlc hearin.g on September 12•t, 2018, and c<>Mide,C<t ::itl comments and co0<erns of the oublit; and WHEREAS, the Planning (.omml:1,sion ,ecogniies. th.1-t the Mister Plan and future Land U$.E: Plan au: fl('.11.ib!(.) e,uide$ fof ~i~ion making that will be updated pe,ibdi~lly to tc-flNt Jcnd ;ai«ount for chan.ge:s. int the COffllYHJflit\', NOW, THEREFOR£ BE lT RESOLVED that th<! Plarining CommiS&IOr\ of \ht VIiiage of C<>s>¢mlsh tterebv .1dopts the M3st(>1 Pbn and f:vtvre Und use- Map and ,es<>l•,~s to vse the Plan and Map togct})c, ~i a: ,ui~ 1of developmer-t within the Village. 3 �Yl:.A~: 4 AbHnl: l RESOlUTION OECIAREO AOOPT£1> I hereby c.ortlfy 1h.1t the forogotft:g i, a lrw and complot e copy of a resolution adopted by the Plannlna Comrniss10n of tht Vilbge,of (op,eMISh, ~ illl"isttt Co11nty. Mi,hi~•'l., Jt i rca-1,,1,l.ar meeting heltl on Scptttmbe, t.t••~2018. Efain<" Gibbs. Copemish Vill:!e~ Cle:(k Datt! Su.zi~ue C.OuttJrc.. vlcc·<ha1rm,3n Date 4 �Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction.......................................................................6 Section 1.1: Purpose & Guidance.................................................................... 6 Section 1.2: Planning Area & Village History................................................. 6 Section 1.3: Methodology................................................................................ 7 Section 2: Socio-Economic Profile......................................................8 Section 2.1: Population.................................................................................... 8 Section 2.2: Education..................................................................................... 8 Section 2.3: Poverty......................................................................................... 9 Section 2.4: Median Earnings......................................................................... 9 Section 2.5: Housing and Households............................................................ 10 Section 2.6: Occupation, Place of Work & Commuter Patterns.................... 11 Section 3: Public Input........................................................................12 Section 3.1: Public Input Results.................................................................... 12 Section 3.2: Public Input Summary................................................................ 13 Section 4: Existing Conditions Inventory...........................................14 Section 4.1: Infrastructure............................................................................... 14 Section 4.1.1: Water•........................................................................................................14 Section 4.1.2: Sewer•.......................................................................................................14 Section 4.1.3: Natural Gas•.............................................................................................14 Section 4.1.4: Electrical, Cable and Phone Service•.......................................................14 Section 4.1.5: County Drains & Drainage Districts•......................................................14 Section 4.2: Civic Leadership & Public Safety................................................ 15 Section 4.2.1: Civic Leadership•.....................................................................................15 Section 4.2.2: Public Safety•...........................................................................................15 Section 4.3: Environment................................................................................ 15 Section 4.3.1: Watersheds, Hydrology & Wetlands•.......................................................15 Section 4.3.2: Soils & Groundwater Resources•.............................................................15 Section 4.3.3: Topography•.............................................................................................15 Section 4.3: Transportation............................................................................. 15 4.3.1: Roadways•.............................................................................................................15 4.3.2: Non-Motorized & Multi-Use Trails•....................................................................17 Section 4.4: Schools......................................................................................... 17 Section 4.5: Recreation.................................................................................... 17 Section 5: Issues of Greater than Local Concern...............................18 Section 5.1: Regional Prosperity Initiative & Networks Northwest.............. 18 Section 5.2: Regional Economy & Placemaking............................................ 18 Section 5.2: Watersheds................................................................................... 18 Section 5.4: Regional Cooperation & Joint Planning...................................... 19 *Sections 6 - 10 are contained on the Copemish Village Master Plan Land Use Policy Poster 5 �Page Left Intentionally Blank 6 �Section 1: Introduction The Village of Copemish, an incorporated Michigan Municipality, has chosen to undertake a community-wide Master Planning Process that will establish land use policy for the municipality. Development of a Master Plan is not only a precursor to the development of a Zoning Ordinance for the community, but also seeks to guide decision makers on policy that extends beyond the typical “use” or “design” of a parcel of land or structure. Policy which suggests measures for managing transportation (both motorized and non-motorized), infrastructure (water, sewer, communications), environmental management, school & educational resources and recreation allows the community to develop in a manner which provides a balance of development which meets the needs of the residents while still providing protection for property values, shared infrastructure and natural resources. Section 1.1: Purpose & Guidance The primary purpose of this Master Plan is to meet the Statutory requirements of the State of Michigan Planning Enabling Act (P.A. 33 of 2008, as amended , M.C.L. 125.3801 et seq.). This requirement must be met in order for the Village to legally begin the work towards development and eventual adoption of a regulatory zoning ordinance. The planning process is guided by the Planning Enabling Act, which outlines specific aspects of the community that must be captured within the Master Plan. These aspects are what shape the character of the community, and have lasting impacts on development patterns, transportation, population and natural resources. A primary goal of this Master Planning process, as identified by the Village Council and Planning Commission, is to establish policy that protects residents and property values, while supporting orderly development patterns that are not hindered by excessive regulatory measures. This amounts to finding that necessary balance between private property rights and regulatory measures. Section 1.2: Planning Area & Village History Copemish Village is located in the northeast corner of Manistee County within Cleon Township. (See Map 1.1) It is a small village with a population of around 165 residents. The name “Copemish” means Big Beech, and referred to holding council under the beech trees. Copemish was incorporated in 1891, following a large logging industry which had begun in 1883, and the establishment of rail-lines which were laid by two railroad companies directly through the Village in 1889. The history of Copemish included a pickle factory, the logging industry, hotels, two churches and a grist mill and grain elevator. There Copemish was also a doctor’s office, pharmacy and large Village school house. £ ¤ US 31 Today, the Village is a pleasant bedroom community to several larger population centers located nearby (Traverse City, the City of Cadillac and to a much lesser extent the City of Manistee and Frankfort). Copemish offers much in the way of natural resources based recreation. There are many snowmobile trails in the area which connect directly to the Village, and these same trails are identified as multi-use with improvements slated for a smooth surface to facilitate biking and hiking. The First Creek Nature Trail and Park within the Village limits provides a natural passive recreation area. Twisted Trails Off-Road Park close to the Vil- ¬ « ¬ « M-115 M-22 Manistee County ¬ « M-37 Map 1.1 7 ¬ « M-55 �lage provides trails of varying degrees of difficulty for off-road enthusiasts, and Crystal Mountain just up the highway off M-115 offers a host of activities that draws visitors year-round. Miles of nearby public land offers access for hiking, snowshoeing, hunting, fishing, mushrooming and other activities. Section 1.3: Methodology This planning process was initiated by the Copemish Village Council. The Village Council adopted a Planning Commission Ordinance, appointed Planning Commission members, and set an initial meeting date. The Planning Commission upon their initial meeting, adopted by-laws and elected officers, before approving a meeting schedule. The Planning Commission began to work closely with the County Planning Department on the production of a Village Master Plan. The Master Plan process was laid out in a Scope of Work that sought to outline existing conditions, garner public input, and create a template for a future land use plan for the Village. The Draft Master Plan sought the input of not only Village residents, but also Cleon Township and entities such as the Michigan Department of Transportation and Networks Northwest. Ultimately approval of the Master Plan by the Village Planning Commission was the precursor to the development of the Village Zoning Ordinance. 8 �Section 2: Socio-Economic Profile Graph 2.1 Copemish Population Change Population Section 2.1: Population • Population has slowly been decreasing, and the trend is expected to continue. • Age comparison displays greater percentage of population in the 20-34 age cohorts than State and County. • The Village of Copemish isn’t trending towards an older population quite as quickly as the Manistee County average. See Graph 2.1 & 2.2 232 222 300 200 194 ~ 100 0 162 -------······················· 1990 2000 2010 2016 Year Population Linear (Population) Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder Age as Percent of Population Comparision Percentage 40.00% Graph 2.2 30.00% 20.00% ... ,II l1t II 111111 ... 10.00% 0.00% <5 5-19 20-34 35-49 50-64 65-79 >79 Age Cohorts • Population Percent by Age Cohort Copemish • Population Percent by Age Cohort Manistee • Population Percent by Age Cohort Michigan Section 2.2: Education Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder • Residents of the Village aged 18-24 have higher % of High School Graduates than State and County. • Residents age 25 and up remains at a higher % high school graduates than State and County. • Residents aged 25 and up are below the County and State averages for any amount of college education, but the discrepancies are not that great ranging from 1-4% less for both associates and bachelors degrees. See graphs 2.3 & 2.4 Educational Attainment Age 18-24 Graph 2.3 Bachelor's degree or higher Some college or associate's degree High school graduate (includes equivalency) i-------,....-- Less than high school graduate I I I . I 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% Percentage • Michigan • Manistee • Copemish Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder Graph 2.4 Educational Attainment Age 25 and Higher Graduate or professional degree Bachelor's degree - Associate's degree Some college, no degree High school graduate (includes… 9th to 12th grade, no diploma Less than 9th grade I I I I 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% Percentage • Michigan • Manistee • Copemish 9 Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder �Section 2.3: Poverty Poverty Rate 2016 (Workers 16 & Older) Graph 2.5 • The working population aged 16 and older has a higher percent below the poverty line than both the County and State. • Poverty rate per education displays that the residents of the Village have lower percentages in poverty for those with a high school education or less, than both the County and State averages. Those with a bachelors degree are all above the poverty line at 0%. Residents with some College or an associates degree have greater % of poverty than the County and State averages. See graphs 2.5 & 2.6 Graph 2.6 At or above 150 percent of the poverty level 100 to 149 percent of the poverty level Below 100 percent of the poverty level • Michigan • Manistee • Copemish Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder Poverty Rate per Education (Age 25 & Older) Bachelor's degree or higher Some college or associate's degree High school graduate Less than high school graduate _ _ _ _,.... 0.00% I 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% Percentage • Michigan • Manistee • Copemish Section 2.4: Median Earnings Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder • The average median income for village residents displays trends similar to both the County and State. Generally as more education is obtained median income increases. • There is a discrepancy when looking at the Village population that obtained some college or an associates degree. The medium income displayed is less than those who only obtained a high school degree. Similarly, in section 2.3, the poverty rate for those with some college or an associates degree is greater than those with a high school education. There could be many reasons why this is so, but two obvious reasons could be length of time in the workforce for those who spent time in college and added debt/expense of college courses. See graph 2.7 Graph 2.7 Median Earnings Based on Education Level (2016) $80,000.00 $70,000.00 $60,000.00 $50,000.00 $40,000.00 $30,000.00 $20,000.00 $10,000.00 $0.00 II Less than high school graduate Ill 111 Ill High Some school college or graduate associate's (includes degree equivalency) Bachelor's degree I: Copemish Manistee Michigan Graduate or professional degree Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder 10 �Section 2.5: Housing and Households Percentage Housing Tenure (Owner vs. Renter) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Copemish • Manistee Owner-occupied housing units • Michigan Renter-occupied housing units Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder Households (Age of Own Children) Percentage • Residents of the Village lag behind the County Graph 2.8 by 10% for owner occupied structures, but are within 1% of the State average. Data displays that rental is often more closely linked to poverty. • Households with children in the Village are comprised primarily of younger children under the age of 6 at over 80%, with the remaining percentage of households having children solely of ages 6-17. • The average household size for the village is 2.13, which is less than both the County and State averages. • Households with children lag behind the Graph 2.9 County and State averages, and those with people 60 years and older align with the State average and lag the County average. There are also slightly more householders living alone than the County and State average, with less householders 65 years and older. This correlates with the over 30% of the population aged 20-34 living in the Village. Once can deduct that a high percentage of the households are younger with no children. See graphs 2.8 - 2.11 100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% • Copemish Under 6 years only • Manistee Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years Michigan • 6 to 17 years only Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder Graph 2.10 Graph 2.11 Average Household Size Household Composition 60.00% 50.00% Percentage Michigan Manistee Copemish I I I I 1.9 2 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 .11 11111.•• Households Households with one or more with one or more people under 18 people 60 years years and over Householder living alone • Copemish • Manistee • Michigan Household Size Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder 11 65 years and over �Section 2.6: Occupation, Place of Work & Commuter Patterns Graph 2.12 • The employment categories of service, sales/office and natural resources,construction & maintenance employ over 86% of the workforce. • The vast majority of the population works outside Manistee County at 84.7%. • Transportation methods to work is predominantly single occupant vehicle commutes at over 76%, with those that walk to work nearly matching those that carpool with 11.1% and 12.5% respectively. It can be assumed that those walking to work are remaining within the County, so vast majority that commute by vehicle either alone or as a member of a carpool are traveling outside the County. Graph 2.13 • Travel times to work vary greatly, but the vast majority travel at least 25 minutes or more at 69.5% with 27.8% of the population traveling 45 minutes or more. Those that travel less than 10 minutes account for 11% of the population, which aligns with the percentage that walk to work. Commuters are likely working in job markets from Traverse City to Cadillac. See graphs 2.12 - 2.15 Occupation (Workers 16 and Older) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percentage of Population • • • • Management, business, science, and arts occupations • Production, transportation, and material moving occupations • Military specific occupations Service occupations Sales and office occupations Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder Place of Work 15.30% Inside Manistee County 84.70% Outside Manistee County Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder Means of Transportation to Work 12.50% Carpooled Graph 2.14 11.10% Walked Travel Time to Work Travel Time 76.40% Drove Alone Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder 60 or more minutes 45 to 59 minutes 35 to 44 minutes 30 to 34 minutes 25 to 29 minutes 20 to 24 minutes 15 to 19 minutes 10 to 14 minutes Less than 10 minutes -- 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% Graph 2.15 Percentage Source: 2010 US Census & 2016 American Fact-Finder 12 �Section 3: Public Input On March 8th, 2018, the Copemish Village Planning Commission held a public input session The input session sought to identify what residents of the community saw as strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for the Village. The input session was lightly attended, but the information gleamed was thorough and provided sound insight into community. The comments and feedback are placed under the appropriate headings. Section 3.1: Public Input Results Strengths • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Weaknesses • • • • • • • • Industrial base (local) Commercial base (local) Natural Areas & Parks Scenic Trout Fishing Hunting Outdoor Recreation Opportunities M-115 Snowmobile Trail Multi-use Trail Quaint/Small Town (quiet) Night Sky (lack of light pollution) Local School Good Quality Residents Skilled Tradesmen/women Hall Improvements Local Churches (strong congregation) Centrally Located to Adjacent Communities Strong Agricultural Presence (cattle, horses, trees) Sense of Community (Copemish Days/Parade) VFW Resurgence (stronger membership) Local Fire Department Relatively Crime Free Very Good Water Low Housing Prices Twisted Trails (close proximity) Crystal Mountain (close proximity) Blighted Buildings Lack of Zoning M-115 Speed Limit (60 mph) Lack of Civic Participation Tough to Fill Council & PC Seats Condition of Village Roads Lack of Restaurant Options Lack of Pedestrian Crossing (M-115) Opportunities • • • • • • 13 Broadband Fiber-Optic Expanded to Residences Increased Tourism with Trail Development Potential for Increased Commercial Activity M R Products Continually Expanding Available Space for Industrial Growth Vacant Land for Commercial & Residential Uses �Section 3.2: Public Input Summary As displayed by the items under each category above, the residents of the Village identified 4 to 1, strengths to weaknesses. This displays a strong sense of pride and a desire to maintain and improve upon what is the base of the community. Weaknesses that were identified are not numerous, but they are very important and should be addressed. Transportation issues such as the current condition of Village roads will be improved this summer through the scheduled repaving of Village roads. Speed concerns for M-115 and lack of a pedestrian crossing will need to be addressed with MDOT, and will be outlined in Section 9. Civic participation issues can be handled through recruitment efforts and/or joint planning with neighboring communities. Lack of Zoning and blighted buildings can be addressed through the polity of this Master Plan and the resulting recommendation for zoning. Many of the opportunities that were identified by the residents fall under development of a sense of place or placemaking efforts (which is described in more detail in section 5.2). Expanded broadband infrastructure to residences, provides the infrastructure necessary to attract and retain a population that can telecommute to work and live in a location that provides the outdoor recreation lifestyle they desire. Having the abundant natural resources available within minutes of the Village sets the stage for the improvements needed to the trail network and facilities to leverage greater use of those natural resources generating tourism and the potential for new residents. Availability of space for growth in light industry, commercial and residential areas allows for expansion of business and the employees necessary to fill positions in those industries. 14 �Section 4: Existing Conditions Inventory Section 4.1: Infrastructure Section 4.1.1: Water The Village of Copemish doesn’t have a municipal water supply. Resident’s water supply is reliant upon individual residential wells located throughout the Village. Water from the aquifers that feed the residential well is of excellent quality, providing clean, good tasting water that contains low levels of metals and sulfur. Section 4.1.2: Sewer Currently there is not a sanitary sewer system in the Village of Copemish. In 2014-2015 the Village of Copemish, through the assistance of USDA Rural Development, was awarded a grant to have an engineering study completed which looked at the economic feasibility of constructing a sanitary sewer system. The engineering study was completed, but the Village never took any further steps for implementation of the project. The financial risk was determined to be to high for the Village and its residents to undertake. Lack of a sanitary sewer system does have some implications outside of environmental health concerns, and they are primarily related to the density and intensity of use. Larger residential lots sizes are necessary for septic systems, limiting the opportunity to increase density. Larger intensive commercial and industrial uses which generate larger volumes of waste water are also limited by a lack of a sanitary sewer system. Section 4.1.3: Natural Gas The Village of Copemish doesn’t have natural gas service. The residents of the Village and surrounding area are reliant upon propane for their gas needs. The expense of propane can be a burden on households who use it as a primary source for heat, expansion of natural gas lines in the area should be supported if the opportunity arises. Section 4.1.4: Electrical, Cable and Phone Service The Village of Copemish is provided electricity from Consumers Energy. Telephone, cable and fiber-optic is available in the Village, which increases options and bandwidth for Internet service. This service is provided by Acentek. High speed Internet is a necessity in this modern day to stimulate business and population growth. The changing world economy can support smaller communities that can provide the necessary high speed connections to the Internet that can drive small home based business, telecommuters and cottage industries. Section 4.1.5: County Drains & Drainage Districts There are no County drainage districts located within the Village. The Drain Commission Office administers stormwater guidelines, which seek to maintain water quality by infiltrating stormwater runoff at the source. This approach is considered Low Impact Design (LID). LID manages a developments impacts to natural drainage patterns through modern techniques of stormwater management. The techniques include rain gardens, detention basins, porous pavement, level spreaders and green roofs. Utilizing LID can open opportunities for developments and development patterns, as well as decrease costs associated with conventional development stormwater methods of curb, gutter and in-ground stormwater system infrastructure. It is recommended for the Village to authorize utilization of the Drain Commission Stormwater Guidelines. 15 �Section 4.2: Civic Leadership & Public Safety Section 4.2.1: Civic Leadership Copemish Village is an incorporated Michigan Municipality that is led by an elected five member Village Council. The Village council holds monthly meetings on the first Monday of each month. The Village Council appoints the Village Planning Commission which is comprised of five members who oversee the land use policy for the Village. The Planning Commission is required to meet four times yearly, and they set their meeting calendar each year at their organizational meeting. The meeting dates and times are posted at the Village Hall. Section 4.2.2: Public Safety Fire protection resources are provided through an agreement with Cleon Township which maintains a volunteer fire fighting crew, engines, equipment and other apparatus. Police protection comes from the Manistee County Sheriff ’s Department and the Michigan State Police. Section 4.3: Environment Section 4.3.1: Watersheds, Hydrology & Wetlands The Village of Copemish is located in the Bear Creek Watershed, and within the sub-watershed of Bear Creek, above Glovers Creek. There is one tributary that winds through the Village, First Creek, which eventually joins Big Bear Creek to the Southwest. First Creek is a State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources designated trout stream with a self-sustaining population of brook trout. At one time First Creek was impounded within the Village, but has since been reverted back to a free flowing stream. There are numerous wetlands located throughout the Village of Copemish along both First Creek to the South and to the Northwest in areas that border the headwaters of Big Bear Creek. Maintaining high water quality is important to the Village and region as our drinking water, natural resources based recreation and important aspects of the regional economy and health rely upon clean water. Surface water, wetlands and groundwater resources should be protected with stormwater management and vegetative buffers. Section 4.3.2: Soils & Groundwater Resources The soils within the Village are a mix of sandy loam and mucks. The sandy-loam soils are found in upland areas and consist of well-drained soils that provide very low surface runoff The muck soils are found in areas of wetlands and out-wash plains along drainages which consist of poorly drained soils with negligible runoff. Soil structure is important to development patterns as it impacts septic placement, well depth, and stormwater management. Well drained soils have the ability to pass pollutants quickly through the soil media to aquifers below. Section 4.3.3: Topography The topography of the Village is generally flat with some areas of steep slopes located in the north eastern portion of the Village. Steep slopes over 25% should be preserved without extensive development. Section 4.3: Transportation 4.3.1: Roadways The Village of Copemish maintains local village roads, which includes road resurfacing, curb and gutter and stormwater ditch improvements. A project slated for summer 2018 will resurface 80% of the roads within the Village. The Manistee County Road Commission maintains local county roads which intersect with the village roads. The Michigan Department of Transportation maintains Highway M-115 which passes through the Village from the South16 �Legend Y & " V ! Roads Village County Local U Æ County Primary Highway 0 200 400 800 ••••• ••••• 1,200 Fire Station Civic & Recreation Sites CJ Water Bodies Fuel Tank Sites Wetlands Existing Trails Public Lands ·-···.i : L•• •-••• Copemish Village Proposed Trails Cleon Township N Feet 1,600 Slope Percent Hydrology D 0 - 24.9% 25% or Greater Elevation High Low Map produced by the Manistee County Planning Dept. 3/7/2018 CO IL RO RA FIRST ST STATE ST ST AD H IS AV M PE OAK ST BR O W N ST W CLEON ST FIRST ST Y & " V ! V ! Y HW ELM ST O FR BEECH ST DR NT DR MICHIGAN ST SS O L V ! CEDAR RD U Æ FIFTH ST V ! SECOND ST E LA K V ! RU RD IM HO FF ST V ! FOURTH ST AC LL DI U Æ Æ U MAPLE ST THIRD ST CA COLFAX ST ASH ST .{) .L ....._ ·-···-···-···-···-···- o •••-•••- •- •- •••-•••-•••-•••-•••-•••-•••- •••- •••- •-•- (J Map 4.1 Source: Manistee County Planning Department 17 •- • - •••-•••-•••- YATES RD ..:Q, ¬ « M-115 �east to the Northwest. 4.3.2: Non-Motorized & Multi-Use Trails There are sidewalks along some blocks within the Village. Important connections around the Village Park and the “internal” neighborhood commercial district are intact and these sidewalks should be maintained and extended where it’s feasible and makes sense. The old railroad grade in the Village is currently utilized as a snowmobile trail during the winter months. The Village is working on up-grading the trail surface in collaboration with Cleon Township and Manistee County, for year-round use which includes bicyclists and pedestrians. The Village would also like to provide way finding signage for users and trailheads. Section 4.4: Schools The Village is contained within the Benzie Central School District, which encompasses portions of northern Manistee County. Section 4.5: Recreation The Village of Copemish was included along with all Manistee County communities in the award winning 2016 Manistee County-Wide Park and Recreation Plan. The Village plan meets the DNR 5-year plan requirements and is approved through 2022. 18 �Section 5: Issues of Greater than Local Concern Section 5.1: Regional Prosperity Initiative & Networks Northwest The State of Michigan Legislature in 2014 approved the process for the Regional Prosperity Initiative. The initiative, a voluntary grant process, is meant to encourage local private, public and non-profit partners to create vibrant regional economies. In order to be eligible for grants through the initiative, partnerships must be made with business, non-profit and local/regional economic development organizations. Copemish Village is contained within the Northwest Prosperity Region, along with the whole of Manistee County and the other nine counties comprising Northwest Michigan. The initiative is led by Networks Northwest for our prosperity region and inclusion of Networks Northwest as a lead agency or review agency for local plans will help to solidify the Village as a partner in regional processes moving forward. Section 5.2: Regional Economy & Placemaking The changing global economy has had lasting impacts on the once strong manufacturing economy of Michigan. This has had ripple effects across the State and has changed viewpoints on directing economic development activities and broadened the definition of economic development. Manistee County as a partner in the Stronger Economies Together (SET) program which was led by USDA Rural Development, worked collaboratively with our neighboring counties to drill down to determine and target specific industrial sectors which are currently displaying growth and projected to continue that growth into the future. The program draws from a regional approach that supports strengthening economies by working together. The program determined that the region has untapped potential to grow, expand and attract businesses in the Energy (Renewable & Fossil), Advanced Materials, Agribusinesses, Food Processing and Technology Jobs. The Village can support these industries as a bedroom community as it is positioned in a great location that caters to “place”. “Placemaking” is a term being utilized in the planning and economic development fields that refers to the creation of a “place” that is inviting to the population. The place can refer to parks, commercial corridors, neighborhoods and any other aspect of a community that invites residents and visitors to spend time in that location as it is enjoyable and comforting. The Village of Copemish is located in an area that can cater to placemaking. The abundant publicly accessible natural resources, proximity to Traverse City, Cadillac and Crystal Mountain allow for the community to cater to enthusiasts that enjoy these assets. Improving access, promoting existing assets and building the communities character around these assets will help the community develop their “place”. Section 5.2: Watersheds Watershed planning is an effort to evaluate, educate and develop policy within the context of a regional watershed. Most watersheds contain several units of government. The flow of water doesn’t respect individual jurisdictional boundaries, thus planning at a watershed level seeks to create cohesive policy amongst several units of government that are linked due to there locations within a single watershed.. The Greater Bear Watershed Plan was developed in 2013 through leadership and cooperation of the Bear lake Watershed Alliance and the Bear Creek Watershed Council. The purpose of the plan is to “guide and inform the integration of future activities in the watershed to protect and enhance the valuable natural resources essential to the quality of life and economic well-being of residents of the area.” The Village is at the head of the Greater Bear watershed, and should embrace it’s role as a steward for water quality as it leaves lasting impacts on waters as they flow from First Creek downstream towards Lake Michigan, passing through many local units of government. 19 �Section 5.4: Regional Cooperation & Joint Planning The Village of Copemish was a partner in the 2016 Manistee County-Wide Park and Recreation Plan. This example of regional cooperation and collaboration has led to continued partnership with other local units of government as a member of the County-Wide Trail Committee. Regional cooperation for recreation provides many benefits including shared responsibilities for funding of recreation improvements and shared maintenance costs, which proves to be a fiscally responsible method of managing these assets. Beyond recreation, regional cooperation for land use planning is essential in todays age. Demographic data on commuter patterns for the Village display that much of the population works in other communities, often with a commute of 30 minutes or more. The position of the Village along M-115 provides a rather direct route to a couple of adjacent communities and allows for visitors to access the Village and surrounding natural resources rather easily. Land use planning in conjunction with adjacent jurisdictions allows for more thorough regional planning and allows for the communities to grow together and compliment one another’s assets.. The State of Michigan allows for joint planning of two or more local units of government through joint planning enabling legislation. It would be beneficial to both the Village of Copemish and Cleon Township to have a discussion concerning the formation of a joint planning commission. The connection of land uses, residents and emergency services is established and, planning cohesively together would benefit the Village and Township through decreased costs borne from the sharing resources. Please view the “Copemish Village Master Plan Land Use Policy Poster” for the Remainder of the Planning Document The poster contains the following sections: Section 6: Existing Land Use Analysis Section 7: Land Use Objectives & Actions Section 8: Future Land Use Plan Section 9: M-115 Highway Land Use Focus Section 10: Zoning Plan & Matrix 20 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Copemish_Master-Plan_2018 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manistee County Planning Department, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-09-12 Title A name given to the resource Copemish Village Master Plan 2018 Description An account of the resource The Copemish Village Master Plan 2018 was prepared by the Manistee County Planning Department and adopted by the Village of Copemish Planning Commission on September 12, 2018. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Copemish (Mich.) Cleon Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/616f868cdce8da6f48974443bc52b139.pdf 8beb1967fad1b1aabf6a37b44e291e02 PDF Text Text Copemish Village Zoning Map DRAFT Legend Roads Village County Local .. •-•• County Primary Highway t - ROW or Ally Zoning Districts Parcels i Copemish Village Cleon Township - AG R O S R -1 C -1 C -2 M -1 LI •·-··· 0 150 300 600 900 ¹ Feet 1,200 NE SS EN CI TY RD Map produced by the Mansitee County Planning Dept. 1/23/2019 ------------------------- -------- -------CO PE RA FIRST ST STATE ST IL RO ST AD H IS AV M OA K ST Y HW FF THIRD ST I I l I MICHIGAN ST l i I RU SS O DR HO IM I I I CEDAR RD -------·--- YATES RD FIFTH ST SECOND ST RD ST E BEECH ST NT DR ELM ST O FR LA K MAPLE ST FOURTH ST AC LL DI COLFAX ST CA I ASH ST FIRST ST BR O W N ST W CLEON ST � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Copemish_Zoning-Map-Draft_2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manistee County Planning Department, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-01-23 Title A name given to the resource Copemish Village Zoning Map Description An account of the resource The Copemish Village Zoning Map (Draft) was prepared by the Manistee County Planning Department on January 23, 2019. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Copemish (Mich.) Cleon Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6ab548c7b6547b38a0f1aa15674ff02b.pdf 2cc4ec182d6e8f5a4454c92e0d54ab87 PDF Text Text • ,- 355 330 351 349 114 297 305 294 309 319 ' 289 271 265 261 259 275 261 259 273 245 141 255 251 247 238 232 225 _ _ _ __ _ 709 707 705 703 701 377 620 610 500 -1 I 1 I , 613 570 597 595 r I I 562 558 574 CHERRY ST I I 555 620 616 I I 602 600 I I -'-- - ,_ _ _ II 606 _ J _ L L• 1580 I 574 ' L _ I 608 600 604 -r 605 711 L __ _ _j _ _ I 603 I _ l ·, I 601 . 597 ' t___ _ L_ I I ' I 'I ,' _ _,I I 582 > 586 I 588 I 620 I I I l 1 _ __ L __ _ _'._ __ I _ __ _ I I_ I 803 587 r 581 700 1 I I 580 - 565 563 l I ,- I 553 805 600 '__--_-·_....·:__·.·.7 811 ' DINSEN ST '- 814 816 RAMSDELL RD 1073 1019 2091 2104 REIGLE ST 1026 2051 2033 2027 1060 1925 1091 2071 FAIRWAY LN ' . V / 825 TWELFTH ST __ _ ; I I 560 I - 811 558 ' BR - 'OAD AV - 601 563 561 I 587 585 J 815 567 527 579 579 579 579 577 575 - 703 - -, 721 ,. ,' -",' q, I' _i _ 545 543 536 539 -- - 450 805 807 534 811 1835 420 493 ,1--- 432 422 485 483 433 434 445 487 512 510 481 711 700 802 804 808 530 531 814 811 520 820 822 NINTH ST 525 515 717 490 505 811 804 819 507 707 500 509 506 701 714 504 812 809 503 710 711 720 807 925 924 712 715 529 705 511 713 608 621 495 j - 207 ' , 456 - 444 440 448 471 515 523 603 610 609 621 704 712 480 701 600 464 463 461 810 816 820 ---- J 445 435 817 819 822 821 1010 1050 1014 1030 1036 1054 l_ 817 820 822 415 802 SIXTH ST 384 410 826 405 1011 1008 1010 1018 1025 1022 1028 1030 1053 1040 1034 410 1104 1102 1104 1104 1102 1104 903 905 378 381 386 390 525 I I 0 S 317 604 612 614 616 334 330 811 704 316 352 350 346 340 1015 343 333 1025 356 363 286 276 283 285 271 269 706 534 266 264 270 266 275 703 261 256 259 250 '•e~ -~:a a 1235 1230 1265 1260 1295 1290 506 505 507 509 515 . 242 245 ._ _'_ I , ..... 814_ 266 262 225 705 I 706 708 1004 1008 268 264 262 265 280 261 516 523 200 196 - '.J - 197 600 ~=f 605 609 613 ,;;: - - - , 617 i - - 718 ; -- ' I ~ .-' 719- - 218 216 214 722 802 804 810 807 811 812 818 817 249 1290 811 813 1335 1330 1360 1365 1395 1405 1430 1435 1460 1465 1495 ,' ( 1360 1390 1305 1335 1330 1335 1365 1350 1365 1395 1410 : 1430 :'~ 1460 :g 1490 - Cl 1390 1395 709 715 719 810 812 818 i.__ 255 1019 1025 1029 1031 I TWELFTH ST 246 1012 1016 239 235 810 814 1007 1006 1009 1015 1020 1023 912 918 920 217 213 1010 1006 1014 1018 1018 222 216 212 1022 1200 345 I 341 - - - ~ --- - - 719 168 164 - RE CA 159 155 804 808 811 813 812 198 816 907 923 1005 910 903 905 913 914 918 BRIDGE AV 917 918 923 186 182 922 925 160 201 199 1000 1009 1013 1017 189 187 183 1000 1001 169 1006 1007 1006 1009 1004 1010 1008 1013 1014 1012 1013 1015 1014 1018 1019 1018 1019 1018 1020 188 186 182 1022 1200 1203 1202 1210 1204 TE R 1306 NTH ST 1313 180 ' 205 1760 1772 110 1782 PARK P L MERKEY RD 1401 153 T 2006 122 120 1501 1500 157 153 1508 1514 1606 1701 141 137 1700 1609 1703 1707 90 90 1709 1711 90 90 1713 108 104 102 100 90 90 1717 110 HOLL 90 90 Y CT 90 90 1719 90 112 1/2 105 90 103 101 90 108 106 104 102 100 90 90 90 90 1800 PARK 90 AV 1010 2000 1408 1411 152 1606 GRAND AV EIGHTEENTH ST 147 1601 1720 1747 148 1208 1605 1604 1742 158 1515 1600 220 1200 1311 1313 1507 1510 1203 1205 1404 1405 1409 1405 181 53 1303 1305 1400 1400 199 167 1304 1310 1312 1311 FIFTEENTH S -- - -- -- -- -- ·· ·- -- -..-~ 170 1300 175 171 - DR 1 57 913 914 919 198 922 54 900 905 909 1735 1115 1113 FOREST 1111 1009 1007 1005 1003 1 2000 US 31 TWENTY-FIRST ST NE LSO £ ¤ NS T TWENTY-SECOND ST OW KN UN US-31 S ' N TWENTY-THIRD ST 1713 AV 2099 OD DR TIMBER RIDGE DR FOWLER AV 806 810 814 300 SIXTEENTH ST -- -- -. L .· -- ·- -- -- -- -- 804 817 823 184 182 822 205 203 199 900 911 913 147 805 NINTH ST FOURTEE N CE EIGHTH ST 817 204 156 174 ' - 714 718 183 ___,_ .__ 1405 1425 900 910 1014 230 818 50 712 715 811 1001 231 709 807 809 813 804 807 167 704 705 171 923 TENTH ST 703 187 183 179 177 909 913 915 _/;;O 1010 1008 , 720 907 I 251 I 1 221 219 217 914 1 708 712 I r - 714 823 216 214 - - --' ,- -- ,' 244 240 ~: q□ 815 234 230 822 SEVENTH ST 704 819 ,,_- - -- ,-----.,--, ' 923 925 !_ . . . 187 700 723 225 908 705 804 1275 1310 706 195 193 807 243 904 701 194 801 817 - , 723 616 623 199 184 180 718 i.- -, -- -1--" --15~ @1 1295 618 620 623 204 711 713 , 605 607 609 613 617 606 610 614 705 712 . - SIXTH ST 603 701 I 180 235 MEADOW WO PARK AV 510 513 517 :: "=§ '"--~ 711 713 915 267 263 1000 1004 1005 1010 1235 522 219 215 ~ 219 511 ~ '-· 909 914 505 514 518 252 250 248 822 906 910 TENTH ST - -- 221 506 508 224 220 622 628 812 265 282 235 231 - l c -a 712 NINTH ST 275 232 217 213 274 270 . _, .:., 278 234 603 217 215 600 605 607 604 609 610 613 614 617 616 235 710 241 1 275 410 220 216 7 238 --- ' 270 408 ~ ~ = ~ -, b I r:,. ,--. ;_-,:_-~ 249 - 252 519 524 526 532 534 904 1100 '-- 245 251 291 285 281 294 292 240 718 902 1005 413 251 259 248 : 284 261 257 250 253 255 305 401 405 408 242 -- 294 406 310 260 256 516 732 613 258 254 250 709 311 313 508 512 SEVENTH ST 290 284 278 276 301 295 291 614 301 259 253 247 307 400 279 265 529 533 254 310 r-· 1·:· -- - ·j u ·306 304 302 300 1204 I 1260 292 264 260 254 258 314 264 260 285 283 273 -- i 1- - - 1230 302 300 15 11 5 610 266 503 521 525 SIXTH ST 296 -~ - 1235 707 902 355 293 301 295 287 812 813 815 351 363 300 8 276 272 288 282 125 127 501 16 10 MAGILL ST 121 306 308 407 271 115 119 277 271 200 1/2 287 285 295 1/2 287 285 279 20 270 288 284 280 270 609 700 323 319 315 802 327 307 602 307 280 22 116 120 T IN S MA h 329 306 301 103 109 1506 LEXINGTON ST I 367 1330 FIFTEENTH ST MAPLE RD r 810 360 1310 1490 RAMONA DR 2226 349 1305 FOURTEENTH ST CHERRY RD 0 324 285 290 286 35 31 27 23 21 537 296 300 411 535 534 316 536 376 372 368 364 360 1290 I 15 725 334 330 328 326 318 NINTH ST 1265 'I 11 44 40 139 284 282 276 299 295 291 298 296 265 124 310 101 106 133 135 309 307 303 301 300 255 110 112 125 127 128 130 304 275 271 117 310 302 300 296 308 258 260 256 107 113 122 124 133 308 309 274 112 116 407 412 521 524 530 335 333 321 339 323 705 366 375 367 1390 ' ' r '' '' ' ''' I' I' ' 372 16 20 515 517 297 291 307 313 315 311 307 303 520 9 317 318 314 310 306 325 321 73 69 306 409 326 322 341 806 1 - ·- 341 ' i 701 355 TWELFTH ST 1837 340 331 j 70 66 62 514 10 14 342 340 609 356 361 78 605 363 702 704 ELEVENTH ST 380 ---' 319 313 279 86 77 FIRST ST 129 314 312 78 281 292 123 320 318 312 327 15 20 284 7 115 117 136 4 CLAY ST 109 108 309 510 349 341 337 378 370 366 383 343 337 342 340 332 79 549 363 361 359 357 384 1035 391 387 1039 538 542 546 362 360 TENTH ST 350 533 537 543 911 1025 1029 524 528 610 381 377 903 385 _~_(L!_' 407 17 13 9 132 133 301 305 328 r< 403' 'er:i,:::r 406 527 529 810 1007 1019 522 390 384 380 376 374 386 353 340 338 21 115 306 353 347 345 339 337 516 366 387 379 309 313 515 90 84 602 365 604 389 381 379 371 813 815 819 820 380 349 347 16 14 10 8 113 210 334 332 212 348 346 510 SEVENTH ST 807 818 361 390 380 376 368 366 801 808 810 811 810 NINTH ST 1009 409 425 1007 l 709 715 460 371 354 308 360 366 360 356 1 543 545 550 411 525 SOPHIA ST 206 208 ST 68 70 74 7 83 303 301 313 206 339 T KE LA 39 59 21 17 15 11 77 302 120 338 351 347 343 302 365 361 373 515 529 535 720 920 506 516 701 705 826 i 410 407 375 525 615 929 520 515 418 518 7 512 364 325 327 329 27 306 310 326 324 320 46 18 ES 44 42 36 6 18 24 28 32 34 10 27 26 1 15 79 82 SECOND ST 300 361 80 85 K LA 18 22 26 65 75 39 56 74 58 46 55 35 42 267 263 251 255 259 223 215 28 217 32 25 237 241 218 222 227 200 45 32 89 115 346 353 360 356 369 311 376 515 I 706 711 ''' ''' ,_ ' 513 514 386 113 :=:~f.~b-E 378 ' -1-P ~ :-'" SIXTH ST 1011 577 577 577 ' 106 108 358 354 36 85 332 333 65 77 84 345 ,:r ._. _r;.F'I 310 603 389 385 377 369 605 607 903 575 575 575 ., I411 421 ' 506 - '-- ~ - " 511 357 353 349 211 307 309 381 377 389 415 700 707 505 414 410 414 418 450 703 465 487 427 401 402 622 701 466 405 620 621 716 315 392 386 382 57 82 249 258 68 66 283 93 87 97 95 81 82 350 348 369 365 361 303 56 285 55 71 74 76 • i;;: 1- , - - - 1~ ~ 375 385 311 ~ 58 66 356 354 388 384 380 376 372 370 395 400 409 451 449 615 617 622 714 470 446 444 607 611 710 715 435 603 604 387 381 379 61 •• 70 372 368 364 212 215 - - - LJ ~-~J 312 FIFTH ST 509 700 703 412 395 75 71 111 390 384 211 306 r·r~ . - -i- 420 505 518 522 618 SEVENTH ST 700 512 614 617 415 380 FOURTH ST 449 461 610 615 438 432 446 208 412 . 410 406 ,404 _ j_ f~ 429 304 310 205 ~; - -; I 420 212 201 202 L1' ~ THIRD ST 303 443 437 304 ' 111 113 61 65 369 365 103 387 50 48 FILER ST 83 67 65 63 87 376 62 .•••n •• .• 57 76 82 86 88 380 386 101 406 421 417 411 208 434 418 412 79 83 85 91 95 94 403 -, 429 457 453 449 819 500 208 ' 454 306 475 808 447 441 437 433 202 466 468 464 460 456 410 605 605 500 460 l 438 434 430 383 81 90 413 52 305 60 64 62 76 289 1/2 295 321 333 337 343 72 355 334 338 348 361 WATER ST 82 86 416 414 421 110 448 424 524 504 L 469 461 459 453 471 467 486 432 450 457 PINE ST ELM ST OXFORD CT 8 604 '' " 535 533 801 506 12 10 '' 1100 1100 1100 1100 1887 i 440 531 ' 16 , 466 464 470 466 406 515 BROAD AV 728 542 431 -- - -- -- - -, 521 930 i " 612 814 i ,_- 559 557 812 '- - - ~ 435 --r-r --· : 597 -:- 1 562 540 ' 603 --- ,- -- 821 " 806 807 CHAPMAN ST 817 l __ ,' I 804 809 815 , - - -, , - I 557 I 555 I I 813 BRYANT AV I - ~ - - -L ' 421 432 550 _ _I _ _JI _ t_ I __ I 548 544 574 575 554 580 , I 1 ;- - -,- - - - , - - 1· - - - ,- 600 586 BROWNING AV -- r L 575 590 I I BIRCH ST 1· ·1 -r -r 1 ,- -1 -· • , I 615 420 488 486 478 476 489 487 481 479 400 412 , I_ -1_ _ 300 490 i 459, 455 ' -a,-;[-~ rIr ___,. \. 503 415 - - 7 . _ _ _1__ 1552 _1 I 609 605 595 585 579 540 467 i 111 r---i- 422 100 105 114 - ·- r- - r FOURTH ST 515 511 505 115 475 99 464 462 460 I --.. .... 213 506 I 414 I 600 576 I HARVARD LN 512 531 400 410 479 477 504 500 I__ _ , 552 ,____ __ 611 I 601 I I 579 I 575 I 1 500 L L L _ _, . • l _ I __ L _ I_ _ J.I 603 K ST 537 HARVARD LN 599 607 601 605 I i 520 I_ __ _ -- -- - _ 536 I532 I 112 428 449 107 490 488 486 THIRD ST t- - 306 - - - T' - - ' 596 699 533 467 465 463 461 409 312 304 308 294 298 281 R 9 10 226 ST R IVE 254 T 268 270 284 375 369 75 S MA S ON 21 378 389 381 10 11 172 170 380 H T VINE ST 1_ 713 • 367 543 270 260 HARBOR DR ' 316 I 501 506 526 477 475 485 109 110 500 c 114 'I 515 513 - 452 450 70 81 OAK ST 717 732 715 700 330 _ __L __ -= c" ~ l"'" 111"Li .J510 525 523 347 • ._ 205 212 357 - 495 487 466 462 458 390 65 WATER ST 427 30 320 57 59 401 77 443 445 417 415 429 425 160 188 358 DS N LA 232 169 165 1 394 414 OAK ST 730 708 109 __ 507 505 100 93 94 96 98 496 490 488 482 80 86 ROBINSON ST 726 724 535 537 82 320 280 108 534 530 110 526 105 513 475 471 PINE ST 728 710 517 SECOND ST '307 '317 '327 '337 240 242 250 • 252 521 506 504 500 483 501 177 173 109 180 AS 1 146 160 158 86 400 437 433 453 449 457 SPRUCE ST • 712 106 ' 215 222 533 529 535 518 526 ELM ST 212 714 547 K UN NO 505 ELM ST 205 540 440 460 149 TAYLOR ST 48 432 140 153 MEMORIAL DR 80 80 80 80 219 167 161 180 176 172 168 106 117 195 113 110 212 100 218 138 119 168 164 160 154 183 175 141 140 127 125 145 LINCOLN ST 129 185 183 124 122 166 166 164 162 156 HARRISON ST 182 176 187 144 137 135 130 226 222 220 216 212 229 480 507 LOCUST ST DR 230 • 232 718 545 107 • 722 555 546 CEDAR ST • 132 E 142 231 225 219 217 1/2 243 237 504 520 85 522 N CEDAR ST LA ' 558 556 554 552 W CEDAR ST S KE 102 112 562 560 TAMARACK ST ----' 564 TAMARACK ST S 566 TAMARAC UNKNOWN 540 643 R HO 144 174 151 184 141 163 159 181 175 169 167 163 157 158 149 148 THIRD AV 1 122 -- - -- 233 231 225 217 238 234 226 250 1 ' 216 321 1 101 224 193 188 156 1/2 156 212 180 190 184 195 164 133 238 232 228 222 107 264 262 254 252 270 238 234 179 196 172 FIRST AV 190 183 211 209 237 231 225 215 213 129 239 233 116 112 SIXTH AV 292 290 317 255 261 277 148 280 274 272 266 262 260 256 250 264 246 288 293 297 317 319 319 317 317 317 , 285 283 158 125 253 132 128 121 124 254 248 126 271 163 157 155 140 258 256 136 264 260 286 280 276 299 296 270 272 289 283 277 273 FIFTH AV 311 307 297 293 314 310 306 302 300 292 322 303 301 286 280 FOURTH AV 261 267 263 162 248 246 257 255 229 227 185 184 240 236 232 224 220 216 SECOND AV 270 266 264 260 291 285 279 130 300 298 292 308 302 FRANKLIN ST ST MO NR OE 354 352 348 340 250 278 274 299 271 267 192 208 STATE ST FIFTH AVE 36 315 307 301 315 283 298 THIRD AV 323 289 256 264 262 173 241 233 166 257 1/2 224 222 216 186 150 148 184 166 MANISTEE ST 36 295 324 320 316 330 341 335 329 349 345 36 36 307 305 270 260 278 256 267 263 164 158 291 287 281 277 266 262 288 264 268 1/2 276 272 177 261 178 275 246 197 194 190 MAYWOOD AV 480 6 500 298 321 321 331 344 312 304 300 294 284 187 277 287 258 256 254 252 250 161 159 155 153 149 201 200 196 146 198 KOSCIUSKO ST 514 346 350 297 306 322 316 308 136 328 345 • 324 322 301 297 270 160 156 152 JACKSON ST T 516 332 299 12 10 321 319 305 327 325 329 17 304 300 298 312 SECOND AV 305 292 209 207 143 210 TS 522 94 100 70 72 80 86 90 326 320 FIRST AV 329 337 327 311 307 303 • 515 324 298 188 227 219 132 206 207 203 204 25 23 223 150 144 140 157 155 167 234 RAMSDELL ST 517 47 41 28 16 19 18 185 181 243 241 149 24 SIBBEN ST AV 1 2 32 30 24 22 20 80 84 90 61 65 70 74 51 55 106 100 94 27 329 20 21 23 22 310 15 251 208 LEXINGTON RD 102 3 82 84 90 26 14 275 159 164 162 158 185 183 198 210 212 QUINCY ST 173 167 165 26 138 144 S EA 523 516 MARINA DR 24 13 12 287 2 MAPLE ST 15 4 5• 67 69 70 112 25 10 11 291 242 232 228 WY 162 160 152 MONROE ST 195 221 218 5 189 187 181 194 190 184 222 17 13 9 18 16 10 241 SAINT MARYS PK 215 1 HANCOCK ST GROVE ST 184 180 174 170 241 244 SHORT ST 109 107 10 100 • • 4 7 61 39 30 33 36 28 74 81 82 71 9 290 245 248 FORD ST 203 315 319 307 297 1 292 295 29 GRANT ST FORD ST 252 315 30 28 257 194 DR • 285 . N LA R KESHORE D 2 5 4 3 ' 53 55 45 51 37 43 35 CENTER ST 248 S 279 273 244 263 240 255 ' 249 241 233 1 225 10 9 42 44 7 40 , 108 270 260 256 252 346 348 352 ' ' ' CYPRESS ST NE 294 292 320 322 328 32 ' ,- ,+- 267 291 DU 310 312 • 298 6 !- I ' S GLOCHESKI DR 318 312 306 50 48 -- 34 240 232 228 224 220 00 65 0 57 63 52 - ---,- , - - 260 81 AN 290 - - UNKNOWN DR VE G RO AK O --- - - -- 91 64 ST 100 280 1 70 315 RESIDENTIAL DR 7 8 133 129 74 184 Map produced by the Manistee County Planning Dept. 2/15/2019, updated 10/04/2019 TH ER 317 - 00 99 286 Miles 0.5 FI F VE T 201 288 0.25 00 DIVISION ST 1,500 321 HUR Feet 2,000 153 147 143 144 ART 294 290 1,000 0.125 300 122 GREENBUSH ST 500 304 170 SUNSET LN 0 250 Township Boundaries N GLOCHESKI DR 306 G-I Eastlake Village 78 310 313 350 296 201 197 191 185 181 175 171 165 161 200 308 298 214 212 ·-/ N 215 316 310 L-I City of Manistee PEARCE RD 0 318 JERUMBO ST 217 220 184 CYPRESS ST C-3 Marihauna Overlay 224 330 320 OW JERUMBO ST LANSING ST 267 245 1/2 245 240 326 322 ' ,' 314 /•,., / 312--~ _;..__ 263 246 LYNN CT C-2 UN KN I CONCORD ST C-1 £ ¤ WN HOLDEN ST FLORENCE ST ! WASHINGTON ST WF Wellhead Protection Delineation i, __,_ ,._ ,j " PD US 31 Overlay -I ---··-=! 324 GC Key Street Segment I - - _I W GLOCHESKI DR Parcels i 335 328 R-3 - Water Bodies 340 330 GOLF CT - - 332 R-2 Hydrology '- , R-1 Roads Railroad 0 RD ### UNKNO US 31 Zoning Districts City Addresses V LE A DA ARK WP HO RE • S LAKE City of Manistee Zoning Map UNKNOWN � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Manistee_Zoning-Map_2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manistee County Planning Department, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-10-04 Title A name given to the resource City of Manistee Zoning Map Description An account of the resource The City of Manistee Zoning Map was prepared by the Manistee County Planning Department and was updated on October 4, 2019. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Manistee (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3a5e646010ee8aac1885d3fc560399f0.pdf ce47bfa39e4afe0129adbd8e73146804 PDF Text Text 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan Public Hearing Date: 12.1.2021 Adopted by the Manistee Township Planning Commission: 12.1.2021 Adopted by the Manistee Township Board 12.9.2021 A Manistee Township �PLANNING COMMISSION TOWNSHIP OF MANISTEE MANISTEE COUNTY RESOLUTION 2021-01PC At a regular meeting of the Planning Commission of Manistee Township, held on the 1st day of December 2021, at the Manistee Township Hall, 410 Holden Street, Manistee, MI, 49660 Present: Charlie Schoedel, Ed Seng, John Dontz, Jack Dinsen, Duane Anderson Absent: Richard Edmondson, Mike Willett The following preamble and resolution were offered by John Dontz, and supported by Ed Seng: TOWNSHIP OF MANISTEE PLANNING COMMISSION RESOLUTION TO RECOMMEND THE ADOPTION OF THE 2020 MANISTEE TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN WHEREAS, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MPEA), 2008 PA 33, MCL 125.3801, et seq., requires municipal planning commissions to prepare a “master plan” pertinent to the future development of the municipality; and WHEREAS, the Manistee Township Planning Commission (the “Planning Commission”), in collaboration with the Manistee County Planning Department, has prepared a draft master plan for the Township of Manistee, titled “2020 Manistee Township Master Plan,” to update and replace its previous Master plan, dated 2001; and WHEREAS, at a regular meeting of the Manistee Township Board held on September 9, 2021, the Township Board approved the distribution of the draft 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan to the applicable entities as required by Section 41(2) of the MPEA, MCL 125.3841(2), for review and comment purposes; and WHEREAS, the proposed 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan was made available to the general public, and was distributed to the applicable entities as required by Section 41(2) of the MPEA, MCL 125.3841(2), and a public hearing was held thereon by the Planning Commission on December 1, 2021, properly noticed in accordance with the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds the proposed 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan as submitted for the public hearing is desirable and proper, and furthers the land use and development goals and strategies of the Township; and WHEREAS, the Township’s adoption of the proposed 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan requires the approval of the Planning Commission by resolution carried by the affirmative votes of not less than a majority of the members of the Planning Commission; and 02958774 1 �WHEREAS, the Manistee Township Board has adopted a resolution asserting the right of the Township Board to approve or reject the proposed 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan following approval of the proposed Master Plan by the Planning Commission; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Manistee Township Planning Commission hereby recommends to the Manistee Township Board the adoption of the 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan as submitted for the public hearing held on December 1, 2021, with edits, if any, subsequently identified by the Planning Commission, including all the text, charts, tables, maps, and descriptive and other matter therein intended by the Planning Commission to form the complete Master Plan, including the Future Land Use Map. AYES: Charlie Schoedel, John Dontz, Ed Seng, Duane Anderson, Jack Dinsen NAYS: None ABSENT: Richard Edmondson, Mike Willett RESOLUTION DECLARED ADOPTED. /s/ J. Dinsen Jack Dinsen, Appointed Temporary Secretary Manistee Township Planning Commission CERTIFICATION I, Jack Dinsen, being appointed the Temporary Secretary at the, and for the 12.01.2021 Planning Commission Meeting, in the absence of Mike Willett, Secretary, of the Manistee Township Planning Commission, certify that the above is a true and accurate copy of the resolution adopted by the Manistee Planning Commission at the regular meeting on the 1st day of December, 2021. /s/ J. Dinsen Jack Dinsen, Appointed Temporary Secretary Manistee Township Planning Commission 02958774 1 �Township of Manistee County of Manistee, Michigan Resolution No. 2021-18 Township Board Resolution to Adopt Master Plan WHEREAS, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MPEA) authorizes the Planning Commission to prepare a Master Plan for the use, development and preservation of all lands in the Township; and, WHEREAS, the Planning Commission prepared a proposed updated Master Plan and submitted the plan to the Township Board for review and comment; and WHEREAS, on September 9, 2021, the Manistee Township Board received and reviewed the proposed Master Plan prepared by the Planning Commission and authorized distribution of the Master Plan to the Notice Group entities in the MPEA; and WHEREAS, notice was provided to the Notice Group entities in the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on December 1, 2021 to consider public comment on the proposed updated Master Plan, and to further review and comment on the proposed updated Master Plan; and WHEREAS, the Township Board finds the proposed updated Master Plan is desirable and proper and furthers the use, preservation, and developmental goals and strategies of the Township; WHEREAS, the MPEA authorizes the Township Board to assert by resolution its right to approve or reject the proposed Master Plan; THEREFORE, BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED AS FOLLOWS: 1. Adoption of 2020 Master Plan. The Township Board hereby approves and adopts the proposed 2020 Master Plan, including all of the chapters, figures, maps and tables contained therein. Pursuant to MCL 125.3843 the Township Board has asserted by resolution its right to approve or reject the proposed Master Plan and therefore the approval granted herein is the final step for adoption of the plan as provided in MCL 125.3843 and therefore the plan is effective as of December 9, 2021. 2. Distribution to Notice Group. The Township Board approves distribution of the adopted plan to the Notice Group. 3. Findings of Fact. The Township Board has made the foregoing determination based on a review of existing land uses in the Township, a review of the existing Master Plan provisions and maps, input received from the Planning Commission and public hearing, and with the assistance of a professional planning group, finds that the updated Master Plan will accurately reflect and implement the Township’s goals and strategies for the use, preservation, and development of lands in Manistee Township. 4. Effective Date. The Master Plan shall be effective as of the date of adoption of this resolution. It was moved by Mr. Finout and supported by Ms. Jankwietz that the resolution be adopted. Upon a roll call vote, the following voted: Voting in Favor: Dontz, Finout, Jankwietz, Taylor, Bjorkquist Voting Against: None Absent: None The Supervisor declared the resolution adopted. I, the undersigned, the Clerk of the Township of Manistee, Manistee County, Michigan, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and complete copy of the duly adopted resolution adopted at the regular meeting of the Manistee Township Board, and a true and correct copy is included in the December 9, 2021 Manistee Township Board Minutes. /s/ Dianne Taylor Manistee Township Clerk �Table of Contents Table of contents........................................................................................................................................3 Forward......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1: Introduction & Methodology .................................................................................................................9 1.1: Regional Context ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Township History .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.3. Local Plans...................................................................................................................................................9 2: Existing Conditions Inventory..................................................................................... 12 2.1: Current Land Uses...........................................................................................................................12 2.1.1: Residential & Housing.............................................................................................................................12 2.1.2: Commercial, Retail Trade & Office...........................................................................................................12 2.1.3: Industrial & Manufacturing.....................................................................................................................12 2.1.4: Agriculture & Forestry..............................................................................................................................12 2.1.5: Recreation Open Space.............................................................................................................................14 2.1.6: Existing Zoning ........................................................................................................................................14 2.1.7: Natural Features ......................................................................................................................................14 2.2: Infrastructure, Employers and Community Services.....................................................................16 2.2.1: Transportation .........................................................................................................................................16 2.2.2: County Drainage Districts........................................................................................................................18 2.2.3: Sewer & Water Infrastructure................................................................................................................. 20 2.2.4: Employers and Business......................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.5: Public Services and Institutions ............................................................................................................. 20 3: Socio-Economic Profile................................................................................................ 22 3.1: Population....................................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.1: Manistee Township Age Trend.................................................................................................................22 (2000-2017)........................................................................................................................................................22 3.1.2: 2017 Population by Age............................................................................................................................22 3.1.3: Manistee Township Population Trend.....................................................................................................23 3.2: Employment, Income & Earnings:................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1: Industrial Employment:...........................................................................................................................23 3.2.2: Employment Income............................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3: Households with Earnings (past 12 months)......................................................................................... 24 3.2.4: Wage or Salary Income (past 12 months)............................................................................................... 24 3.2.5: Social Security Income (past 12 months) ............................................................................................... 24 3.2.6: Retirement Income (past 12 months)......................................................................................................25 3.2.7: Median Income ........................................................................................................................................25 (Families & Children Status)..............................................................................................................................25 3.2.8: Median Income (Households & Householder Age)................................................................................25 3.3: Housing & Housing Costs:............................................................................................................. 26 3.3.1: Occupied Housing Units (Renter Vs. Owner)......................................................................................... 26 3.3.2: Occupancy Status Housing Units........................................................................................................... 26 3.3.3: Household Size (Renter vs. Owner).........................................................................................................27 3.3.4: Monthly Housing Costs (occupied units)................................................................................................27 3.3.5: Median Monthly Housing Costs..............................................................................................................27 3.4: Education:........................................................................................................................................27 3.4.1: Educational Attainment of Householder.................................................................................................27 3.4.2: Educational Attainment (18-24 Years Old) ........................................................................................... 28 3.4.3: Educational Attainment (25 Years & Older).......................................................................................... 28 3.5: Households & Families:.................................................................................................................. 29 3.5.1: Household Family Characteristics.......................................................................................................... 29 3.5.2: Average Household Size.......................................................................................................................... 29 3.6: Poverty Levels:................................................................................................................................ 29 3.6.1: Population Below Poverty Level ............................................................................................................. 29 3 �3.6.2: Families Percent Below Poverty Level.................................................................................................... 30 3.7: Transportation and Work Commute:............................................................................................. 30 3.7.1: Means of Transportation to Work........................................................................................................... 30 3.7.2: Travel Time to Work............................................................................................................................... 30 3.7.3: Place of Work (State/County)..................................................................................................................31 3.7.4: Place of Work (Township)........................................................................................................................31 4: Public Input................................................................................................................. 32 4.1: Here's what residents said they WANT to see in Manistee Township.......................................... 32 4.2: Here's what residents said they DO NOT want to see in their Township..................................... 33 5: Future Land Use Analysis (Cause and Actions)........................................................... 34 5.1: Natural Resources Actions ............................................................................................................ 34 5.1.1: Shoreline Erosion......................................................................................................................................34 5.1.2: Wetlands...................................................................................................................................................34 5.1.3: Steep Slopes..............................................................................................................................................34 5.1.4: Waterway Buffers......................................................................................................................................34 5.1.5: Floodplains................................................................................................................................................34 5.2: Transportation Actions .................................................................................................................. 35 5.2.1: Primary Trunk-line/Highway Accessibility.............................................................................................35 5.2.2: Appropriate Consideration of Inclusion of Multi-Modal Transportation..............................................35 5.2.3: Incorporation of Multi-Modal Transportation........................................................................................36 5.2.4: Participate/Inclusion in Transportation Planning Efforts......................................................................36 5.3: Airport Actions............................................................................................................................... 36 5.3.1: Airport Overlay Zone Consideration........................................................................................................36 5.3.2: Appropriate Uses & Densities in Airport Overlay...................................................................................37 5.4: Infrastructure Actions.....................................................................................................................37 5.4.1: County Drains & Drainage Districts.........................................................................................................37 5.4.2: Stormwater Management........................................................................................................................37 5.4.3: Water and Sewer Agreements.................................................................................................................37 5.5: Energy and Extraction Actions.......................................................................................................37 5.5.1: Gas and Oil Extraction.............................................................................................................................37 5.5.2: Solar Thermal Energy ............................................................................................................................ 38 5.6: Civic and Governmental Actions.................................................................................................... 38 5.6.1: Community Certification and Promotion............................................................................................... 38 5.6.2: Collaboration........................................................................................................................................... 38 5.7: Housing Actions............................................................................................................................. 38 5.8: Land Uses Category Actions........................................................................................................... 38 5.8.1: Public Land and Public Open Space Actions:......................................................................................... 38 5.8.2: Agricultural and Forestry Actions:..........................................................................................................39 5.8.3: Residential Actions................................................................................................................................. 40 5.8.4: Mixed Use Actions.................................................................................................................................. 40 5.8.5: Commercial Actions................................................................................................................................ 40 5.8.6: Industrial Actions.....................................................................................................................................41 6: Future Land Use Plan................................................................................................... 42 6.1: Forest Recreation and Open Space ................................................................................................ 42 6.1.1: Deductive Reasoning: ............................................................................................................................ 42 6.1.2: District Description:................................................................................................................................ 42 6.1.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements:........................................................................................................43 6.2.4: Recommended Uses:................................................................................................................................43 6.2: Agriculture and Forest Preservation District (AFP)...................................................................... 43 6.2.1: Deductive Reasoning: .............................................................................................................................43 6.2.2: District Description: ...............................................................................................................................43 6.2.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements:........................................................................................................43 6.2.4: Recommended Uses:............................................................................................................................... 44 6.3: Commercial District (C-1).............................................................................................................. 44 4 �6.3.1: Deductive Reasoning: ............................................................................................................................ 44 6.3.2: District Description: .............................................................................................................................. 44 6.3.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements:....................................................................................................... 44 6.3.4: Recommended Uses:............................................................................................................................... 44 6.4: Mixed Use District (M-1)................................................................................................................ 45 6.4.1: Deductive Reasoning: .............................................................................................................................45 6.4.2: District Description: ...............................................................................................................................45 6.4.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements:........................................................................................................45 6.4.4: Recommended Uses:................................................................................................................................45 6.5: Industrial District (I-1)................................................................................................................... 45 6.5.1: Deductive Reasoning: .............................................................................................................................45 6.5.2: District Description: .............................................................................................................................. 46 6.5.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements:....................................................................................................... 46 6.5.4: Recommended Uses:............................................................................................................................... 46 6.6: High Density Residential (R-1)...................................................................................................... 46 6.6.1: Deductive Reasoning: ............................................................................................................................. 46 6.6.2: District Description: ...............................................................................................................................47 6.6.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements:........................................................................................................47 6.6.4: Recommended Uses:................................................................................................................................47 6.7: Medium Density Residential (R-2).................................................................................................47 6.7.1: Deductive Reasoning: .............................................................................................................................47 6.7.2: District Description: ...............................................................................................................................47 6.7.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements:....................................................................................................... 48 6.7.4: Recommended Uses:............................................................................................................................... 48 6.8: Country Residential and Rural Mixed Use (R-3).......................................................................... 48 6.8.1: Deductive Reasoning: ............................................................................................................................ 48 6.8.2: District Description: .............................................................................................................................. 48 6.8.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements:....................................................................................................... 48 6.8.4: Recommended Uses:.............................................................................................................................. 49 6.9: Airport Overlay District (AO)......................................................................................................... 49 6.9.1: Deductive Reasoning: ............................................................................................................................. 49 6.9.2: District Description:................................................................................................................................ 49 6.11: Wetland Overlay District (WO)..................................................................................................... 50 6.11.1: Deductive Reasoning: ........................................................................................................................... 50 6.11.2: District Description: ............................................................................................................................. 50 7: Future Land Use Map................................................................................................... 51 8: Zoning Plan & Matrix................................................................................................... 52 8.1: Zoning Plan Elements.................................................................................................................... 52 Stormwater.........................................................................................................................................................52 Buffering (Uses)..................................................................................................................................................52 Buffering (Water Protection).............................................................................................................................52 Signage................................................................................................................................................................52 Landscaping........................................................................................................................................................52 Parking................................................................................................................................................................52 Sidewalks............................................................................................................................................................52 Lighting...............................................................................................................................................................52 Utility Preservation............................................................................................................................................52 Access/Connectivity...........................................................................................................................................52 8.2: Zoning Matrix................................................................................................................................ 53 Appendix A....................................................................................................................... 54 5 �Maps Map 1: Township Location......................................................................................................................... 9 Map 2: Parcel Classification/Land Use ....................................................................................................13 Map 3: Current Zoning..............................................................................................................................15 Map 4: Natural Features...........................................................................................................................17 Map 5: Transportation..............................................................................................................................19 Map 6: Infrastructure Map........................................................................................................................21 Map 7: High Risk & Areas of Concern..................................................................................................... 34 Map 8: US-31 Curb Cut Recommended Closures ................................................................................... 35 Map 9: Airport Overlay............................................................................................................................ 36 Map 10: Public Land & Open Space......................................................................................................... 42 Map 11: Agriculture & Forest Features Analysis...................................................................................... 43 Map 12: Recommended AFP Boundary................................................................................................... 43 Map 14: Recommended C-1 Boundary..................................................................................................... 44 Map 13: Commercial Features Analysis................................................................................................... 44 Map 15: Recommended M-1 Boundary.................................................................................................... 45 Map 16: Industrial Features Analysis...................................................................................................... 45 Map 17: Recommended I-1 Boundary...................................................................................................... 46 Map 18: High Density Residential Features Analysis.............................................................................. 46 Map 19: Recommended R-1 Boundary.....................................................................................................47 Map 20: Medium Density Residential Features Analysis........................................................................47 Map 21: Recommended R-2 Boundary.................................................................................................... 48 Map 22: Low Density Residential Features Analysis.............................................................................. 48 Map 23: Recommended R-3 Boundary................................................................................................... 49 Map 24: Recommended Airport Overlay................................................................................................. 49 Map 25: Wetland and Floodplain Features Analysis............................................................................... 50 Map 26: Recommended WO Boundary................................................................................................... 50 Map 27: Future Land Use..........................................................................................................................51 Tables Table 1: Current Zoning District Standards..............................................................................................14 Table 2: Zoning Matrix............................................................................................................................. 53 Diagrams Diagram 1: Roadway Sectional................................................................................................................. 36 Diagram 2: Standard Development vs. Cluster Development................................................................ 39 Graphs Graph 1: Township Age Trend.................................................................................................................. 22 Graph 2: Population by Age..................................................................................................................... 23 Graph 3: Industrial Employment............................................................................................................. 23 Graph 3: Population Trend...................................................................................................................... 23 Graph 4: Employment Income................................................................................................................. 24 Graph 5: Households with Earnings........................................................................................................ 24 Graph 6: Wage or Salary Income............................................................................................................. 24 Graph 7: Social Security Income.............................................................................................................. 25 Graph 8: Retirement Income................................................................................................................... 25 Graph 9: Median Income (Families)........................................................................................................ 25 Graph 10: Median Income (Householder Age)........................................................................................ 26 Graph 11: Occupied Housing (Renter vs. Owner).................................................................................... 26 6 �Graph 12: Occupancy Status Housing Units............................................................................................ 26 Graph 13: Household Size (Renter vs. Owner).........................................................................................27 Graph 14: Monthly Housing Costs (occupied units)................................................................................27 Graph 15: Median Monthly Housing Costs...............................................................................................27 Graph 16: Educational Attainment of Householder................................................................................ 28 Graph 17: Educational Attainment (18-24 years old) ............................................................................. 28 Graph 18: Educational Attainment (25 & older)..................................................................................... 28 Graph 19: Household Family Characteristics.......................................................................................... 29 Graph 20: Average Household Size Characteristics................................................................................ 29 Graph 21: Population Percent Below Poverty Level................................................................................ 29 Graph 22: Families Percent Below Poverty Level.................................................................................... 30 Graph 23: Means of Transportation to Work.......................................................................................... 30 Graph 24: Travel Time to Work............................................................................................................... 30 Graph 25: Place of Work (State/County)..................................................................................................31 Graph 25: Place of Work (Township).......................................................................................................31 Images Image 1: Image 2: Image 3: Image 4: Manistee Township Master Plan, 2001...................................................................................... 9 Manistee County-Wide Park & Recreation Plan, 2016.............................................................10 US-31 Corridor Enhancement Plan, 2017 ................................................................................10 US-31 Corridor Management Plan, 2004 ................................................................................10 Image 14: Bar Lake Explore the Shores Dedication ................................................................................16 Image 15: Manistee County Blacker Airport ............................................................................................16 Image 16: McGuineas Drain Repair..........................................................................................................18 Image 17: LRBOI Water Tower................................................................................................................ 20 Image 18: Rural Area................................................................................................................................ 32 Image 19: Suburban Area......................................................................................................................... 32 Image 20: Urban Area.............................................................................................................................. 32 Image 21: Expansive Parking Area........................................................................................................... 33 Image 22: Dirt Path Along Roadway........................................................................................................ 33 Image 23: No Landscaping Along Sidewalk............................................................................................ 33 Image 24: 5 Lane Roadway...................................................................................................................... 33 Image 25: Temporary Sign Board............................................................................................................ 33 Image 26: Commercial Sprawl................................................................................................................. 33 Image 27: Blacker Airport Sign.................................................................................................................37 Image 28: Meijer LID Stormwater Infrastructure....................................................................................37 Image 29: Redevelopment Ready Community Logo............................................................................... 38 Image 30: Manistee State Game Area Marsh.......................................................................................... 38 Image 31: Douglas Valley......................................................................................................................... 39 Image 32: Manistee Blacker Airport Tarmac........................................................................................... 40 Image 33: Industrial Park Entrance.........................................................................................................41 Image 34: Industrial Park Lot #9.............................................................................................................41 7 �Forward This Master Plan Process was undertaken in 2019-2021 as a full development of a new Master Plan for Manistee Township. The previous plan, dated 2001, was utilized as a baseline for the development of the scope of this plan. This plan utilizes the most current data from the US Census Bureau along with GIS data from Manistee County. The plan seeks to provide a road-map for future, orderly development within the Township. Practices and recommendations that seek to protect natural resources, promote density in areas of infrastructure, promote multi-modal transportation options, protect airport runway approaches, preserve farmland and open space while simultaneously promoting rural residential clustering, and managing traffic congestion in the areas of the US-31 corridor are contained within. Acknowledgments Manistee Township Planning Commission Duane Anderson Mike Willett John M. Dontz Ed Seng Richard Edmondson Jack D. Dinsen Charlie Schoedel Manistee Township Staff Guy Finout, Zoning Administrator Karen Clouse, Assistant Zoning Administrator Manistee County Planning Department Robert Carson, A.I.C.P, Planning Director Mike Szokola, Planner I/GIS Technician Nancy Baker, Planning Director Jessica Sorensen, Administrative Assistant This Master Plan was developed by a collaborative effort between the Manistee Township Planning Commission and the Manistee County Planning Department. Section 1: Introduction & Methodology 8 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �1: Introduction & Methodology The Township of Manistee is creating a new Master Plan, which will define the vision of what the community wants to become and the steps necessary to meet that vision. Having an accurate understanding of the Township’s existing conditions is necessary in order to develop an appropriate and effective new Master Plan that addresses the correct issues and concerns of the community. This Master Plan incorporates several sections which provide a current snapshot of the community, a desired vision for the community and a road map of how to achieve that vision, along with actions to be taken under a future land use plan that will guide a zoning action plan. 1.1: Regional Context Manistee Township is located in Northwest, lower Michigan in the Southwest corner of Manistee County. Manistee Township is one of the fourteen townships in the County. The Village of Eastlake, overlooking Manistee Lake along it’s Eastern shore, is in Manistee Township. The township has a total area of 48.2 square miles, with 92% of that area being land and the remainder being water. The Township is a slowly growing residential community with a commercial base ripe for expansion. The township can be defined by its rolling hills, beautiful beaches, inland lakes, river bayous, farmland, public land, scenic landscapes and residential areas. (See Map 1) Lake Michigan Manistee Township City of Manistee Village of Eastlake 1.2 Township History Manistee Township was one of two other townships established in 1855 by the Michigan State Legislature when Manistee County was organized. Map 1: Location of Manistee Township in Manistee County The Southwest section of the township, along with the City of Manistee, has been the largest population center of the County for over 150 years. With the expanding lumber market in the late 1800s and early 1900s; Manistee township saw significant growth in population with census figures showcasing 3,000 residents in 1900. As the Great Depression sent shock waves throughout the country and state; a steady decline in population occurred. The next 80 years showcased a small though steady increase in the populous with a downturn in the 1980’s. The 2000 census found over 3,700 Manistee Township residents. Manistee Township Manistee Township Master Plan, 2001 The previous Township Master Plan, developed in 2001 in conjunction with Wade Trim, did an excellent job of inventorying the Township Features, obtaining public input and providing a vision for the orderly development of the community. The plan included many desired actions for the community that are supported and replicated within this planning document. These include: • Reducing Traffic Congestion and Conflicts • Improving Pedestrian and Multi-Modal Transportation • Concentrating Commercial and Industrial Uses • Improving Recreation and Park Space • Supporting Economic Development • Working cooperatively with Neighboring Jurisdictions • Protection of Open Space and Agricultural Land 9 Master Land Use Plan 2001-2021 Image 1: Manistee Township Master Plan, 2001 �Manistee County-Wide Park and Recreation Plan, 2016 Manistee County-Wide Park & Recreation Plan Manistee Township was a participant in the CountyWide Recreation Plan which was initiated in late 2014 and completed in 2016. The plan met the State of Michigan requirements for a park and recreation plan for the community, which has led to eligibility for grants through the State. This Master Plan directs the reader to the County-Wide Park and Recreation Plan for all in-depth information pertaining to public land and recreation sites. The “Manistee Lake Area Non-Motorized Trail Plan” was completed in July 2020. The Communities Contained Within This Planning Document Are: Manistee County Arcadia Township Pleasanton Township Onekama Township Onekama Village Bear Lake Township Bear Lake Village Springdale Township Cleon Township Copemish Village Maple Grove Township US-31 Corridor Enhancement Plan, 2017 Kaleva Village Marilla Township Brown Township Dickson Township Stronach Township Norman Township Manistee Township Eastlake Village City of Manistee Charter Township of Filer Plan Prepared by the Manistee County Planning Department and the Alliance for Economic Success Adopted by local municipalities January-February 2016 Adopted by Manistee County Board of Commissioners February 16th, 2016 The US-31 Corridor Plan, as it is often referred to, captured and identified improvements for the entire corridor in Manistee County. The Plan specified character zones for the corridor, with each zone defining specific designs for various sections of the corridor. The plan also outlined the need for access management standards which facilitate ease of vehicular movement and enhance safety. Aspects of the design for sections of the corridor, as well as, access improvements are captured within the Future Land Use Plan and Recommendations of this document, but the reader is encouraged to view the US-31 Corridor Plan for a complete snapshot of the corridor. 1.3.2: Regional Plans Regional Plans in the context of this section refer to the development of plans through State agencies and Regional Planning Agencies such as Networks Northwest. These plans are captured and outlined below. Image 2: Manistee County-Wide Park & Recreation Plan, 2016 2017 Manistee County US 31 Corridor Enhancement Plan ,,, l J .,... ..1 . ' Creating Crea aa Livable Corridor Through: ' -• ... -~ ACCESS..........AESTHETICS..........ACTIVITY July 2017 Image 3: US 31 Corridor Enhancement Plan, 2017 Under direction of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), development of the US-31 Corridor Management Plan sought to inventory access and features along the corridor within the urban and suburban areas of US-31 (primarily northern Filer Township, City of Manistee and southern Manistee Township). Direct identification of driveways that should be closed or combined for access to parcels, improved road alignment, and intersection improvements are the crux of the inventory with strong recommendations for adoption of access regulations by the Township. Elements of this plan are captured within this document as they are still very relevant and in need of inclusion. US-31 Corridor Management Plan Prepared for: Filer Township City of Manistee Manistee Township Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Manistee County Road Commission Manistee County Northwest Michigan Council of Governments Michigan Department of Transportation Prepared by: Progressive AE 1811 4 Mile Road NE Grand Rapids, MI 49525-2442 616/361-2664 US-31 Corridor Management Plan US-31 Corridor Management Plan, MDOT, 2004 Regional Prosperity Initiative and Networks Northwest The State of Michigan Legislature in 2014 approved the process for the Regional Prosperity Initiative. The initiative, a voluntary grant process, is meant to encourage local private, public and non-profit partners to create vibrant regional economies. In order to be eligible for grants through the Pnigressiiieiif initiative, partnerships must be made with business, non-profit and local/ 1SL regional economic development organizations. Manistee Township is I contained within the Northwest Prosperity Region, along with the whole of Manistee County and the other nine counties comprising Northwest Image 4: US 31 Corridor Management Plan, 2004 Langworthy Strader LeBlanc, Inc. 15 Ionia, SW Suite 450 Grand Rapids, MI 49503 January 2004 Project No: 56820101/002  ~ IHV 1.t:111.,,oc_,. fwocl,\TT~, l,oc.  Section 1: Introduction & Methodology 10 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �Michigan. The initiative is led by Networks Northwest for our prosperity region. Utilizing Networks Northwest as a lead agency, or review agency, for local plans will help to solidify the Township as a partner in regional processes moving forward. Manistee Township is currently working with Networks Northwest to update the Township's Parks and Recreation Plan. A Manistee Township Our mission is to build stronger communities and enhance the quality of life in Northwest Michigan. Networks Northwest's member counties are: Antrim, Benzie, Charlevoix, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska, Leelanau, Manistee, Missaukee, and Wexford. Section 1: Introduction & Methodology 11 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �2: Existing Conditions Inventory 2.1: Current Land Uses Land use within the Township encompasses a broad range of uses including residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural and open space/forestry. Parcel tax classification, assigned by the Township Assessor reflects the “highest and best use” of a parcel of land. Parcel tax classification doesn’t necessarily follow a community's zoning classification, nor should it in some cases, as zoning also considers neighboring land uses, environmental features and/or community services. Parcel tax assessment does provide us an accurate method of determining “existing” land uses within a community. The parcel tax assessment classification which outlines current land uses is displayed on Map 2. 2.1.1: Residential & Housing Manistee Township has varying residential density. Higher residential densities are located immediately adjacent to the City of Manistee along the southern portion of the Township in the area of US-31 from Lakeshore Road to Perry Street. Higher density can also be found in the vicinity of Bar Lake, and pockets of residential clusters in the area of Kemmer Road, Mar-lawn Drive and Elliot Drive and West Kott Road. The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians (LRBOI) has a cluster of high density housing located on tribal lands off of Dontz Road. Lower density or rural residential uses can be found throughout the remainder of the Township. Significant areas of the Township are classified as residential improved or residential vacant, with these same land areas having parcel sizes of 20 acres or greater. Lot size analysis, kernel density mapping, along with infrastructure locations and the inclusion of agricultural uses will detail strategies for meeting residential needs of the community, while maintaining the rural character which is sought after by residents and visitors. The Township has a predominant housing type of single-family residential, with very few two-family or multi-family housing options. Data for our region points to limited housing opportunities as an issue. Limiting workers options for housing impacts local employment and other facets of the community. 2.1.2: Commercial, Retail Trade & Office Commercial development within Manistee Township is located primarily along the US-31 Corridor from the boundary with the City of Manistee to Manistee Blacker Airport. This corridor is the appropriate location for commercial development as infrastructure is present, neighboring residential areas are more dense and residents of the community have convenient access through primary transportation routes. The commercial corridor of US-31 doesn’t currently support multi-modal transportation as there are few sidewalks or bike-lanes. Excessive amounts of curb cuts and the lack of interconnectivity of developed parcels increases the number of conflict points for motorists. This leads to delays in vehicular movement and higher chances of vehicle crashes. Neighboring residential clusters within the vicinity of the commercial corridor provide a mix of uses that supports retail and services along the corridor. Existing and expanded commercial development should be planned appropriately to protect these residences and the character of the community. 2.1.3: Industrial & Manufacturing There is very little current industrial land use within Manistee Township, as much of the manufacturing base for the County is located immediately adjacent to Manistee Lake, within the City of Manistee and Filer and Stronach Townships. A few oil and gas wells are located within the Township and are classified as industrial. Other industrially classified parcels are located in proximity to the Oaks Correctional Facility along Pine Creek Road. This area of the Township, with appropriate infrastructure and proximity of M-55 and US-31, is a sound location for these uses. Thought should be given to areas adjacent to the airport for future development of light industrial uses that may compliment the areas commercial uses. 2.1.4: Agriculture & Forestry Agricultural areas can be found throughout the Township. Orchards are located in several areas, and benefit from the micro-climate created by Lake Michigan. This climate allows for the growing of fruit crops such as apples, pears, peaches, cherries and grapes. Beyond the economic production of these crops, some farms also include value added ventures such as u-pick operations, a winery and other “agri-tourism” related business operations. Several areas within the Township are farmed in more traditional row crop operations, although rather minimal in land area, these farms add to the scenic landscape and open space that is sought after by residents and visitors. Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory 12 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �E R EY PIN D F ARR R D MILLER RD ASP RD DA S R D SCHOEDEL RD C KD E PP I H A W HW Y DONTZ RD S I UD A R D HILL RD POLEN RD CA RIVER RD V AL E A BE HAHN RD HO C EDAR R D E KOT T R D E PAR CO YAGER RD Bar Lake KERRY RD ORCHARD HWY LA KE SH OR E R D BAR LAKE RD FALK RD Manistee Twp Parcel Tax Classification Map AE RF PET E CA BE AE H W Lake Winnogene HARRIS RD Y PAW S TRL RF Manistee Lake NI N EM ILE BR I Parcel Classification DG E Claybank Lake PINE CREEK RD AY BA RD CJ Commercial - Vacant 1111 Industrial - Improved 1111 Retired Split/Combined CJ Non-Accessable Permanent Reference 1111 Industrial - Vacant CJ Residential - Improved 1111 Agricultural - Improved CJ Residential - Vacant 1111 Agricultural - Vacant CJ Exempt Federal Property 1111 Commercial - Improved CJ Commercial Building on Leased Land 1111 Exempt State Property 0 1 2 4 Gambs Lake D R NK O RS RD L Y OLSON RD N NC HW Peters Bayou CJ ...... -i.......,.-l DNR Act 513 - AG on 513 City/Township Boundary CJ Adjacent Boundaries CJ Water Bodies Canfield Lake Streams Roads Highways 6 Miles ± Map 2: Parcel Assessment Classification Map 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 13 Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory �2.1.6: Existing Zoning • • • • • Big Manistee River Corridor District (BM-1) Wetlands District (W-1) Ag-Forest Preservation District (AP-1) Multiple Use District (M-1) Country Residential District (R-2) • • • • High Density Residential District (R-1) Commercial District (C-1) Industrial District (I) High Risk Erosion Overlay Zone District (OZ) The existing zoning of Manistee Township incorporates eight zoning districts within the Township. All lands of the Township are currently zoned except the lands held in trust by the LRBOI. Zoning Districts are provided below and displayed on Map 3: The zoning districts provided for in the zoning ordinance outline purposes that range from protection of open space to orderly high density residential and commercial development. A synopsis of the densities and allowed uses are provided for in table 2.1. Zoning District Density Uses BM-1 10 acre min Lower density residential, rural non-noxious incidental commercial business, home occupations W-1 5 acre min Lower density residential, home occupations AP-1 *10 acre min Lower density residential, rural agricultural business, home occupations, light commercial M-1 5 acre min Lower density residential, low density commercial, many commercial uses allowed under special use R-2 25k ft Medium density residential development, some commercial uses allowed under special use R-1 15k ft C-1 15k ft2 Commercial development, many uses allowed as by right and many uses allowed as special use I 3-5 acres Industrial development that is considered light by most definitions, very limited uses with chemicals OZ n/a Does not restrict uses, creates increased setbacks from Lake Michigan bluff-line 2 High density residential development, limited commercial uses allowed under special use 2 *The AP-1 District allows development of dwellings on parcels ranging from 1 to 5 acres in size. 2.1.7: Natural Features Manistee Township has nearly eight miles of frontage along Lake Michigan making it an outdoor enthusiasts paradise. Of the lake frontage, over half of it is considered a critical dune area (CDA). These CDAs represent some of the tallest and most spectacular dunes along the shoreline in the lower peninsula of Michigan. Development in these areas requires extra concern, thus the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) dictates more stringent permitting. Similar to EGLE, the Army Corps of Engineers maintains a presence in the County, providing permit and review of structures that are to be placed within federal waters. Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory 14 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �Manistee Township Zoning Map Manistee Twp Zone 1111 AP-1 1111 BM-1 1111 C-1 1111 I-1 1111 M-1 CJ R-1 CJ R-2 CJ W-1 D ~ East Lake Rivers CJ Water Bodies CJ Parcels CJ Adjacent Townships .-••·-·-:. _ ..__.;I Manistee Township Border LRBOI In United States Trust 0 0.5 ¯ 1 2 Miles Map 3: Existing Zoning Map 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 15 Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory �Federal waters incorporate all of Lake Michigan and Manistee Lake within the Township. The purpose of this is to regulate and balance development within the natural environment to maintain present usage as well as prepare for future generational use. As of this as all writing in 2020, all of Michigan has been dealing with near historic water levels of the Great Lakes. These historic water levels have been shocking, as Lake Michigan experienced an all time low as recent as 2013, with an unprecedented rise of more than three feet by the end of 2015. These high water levels have been vexing lakefront property owners who have been dealing with significant shoreline erosion and the prospect of their homes being in jeopardy of inundation by floodwaters or collapse due to the undermining of shoreline and Image 14: Resident Group seeks Bar Lake ecosystem Credit: Manistee News Advocate bluffs. Nearly 10% of the Township is covered by surface water. These surface waters provide great recreational benefits as tourists and citizens maximize these areas to fish, enjoy paddle sports, motor boating and swimming. With the benefits, bring natural impediments to development. The Southern part of the township has significant wetlands that traverse the whole width, from East to West, along the Manistee River from the border with Brown Township to Lake Michigan . Wetlands are also located within the Township along Bar Lake heading northeast into the expansive Bar Lake Swamp. Wetlands have always been important for the retention of floodwaters and cleansing of stormwater, but have become ever more so with the continued high water tables and the flooding that has occurred in recent years. Floodplains are the areas adjacent to surface waters and wetlands that become inundated with surface water following storm events (such as along rivers and streams) or due to rising water levels of the Great Lakes or inland lakes. Manistee Township has been experiencing increased flooding of low lying areas adjacent to Lake Michigan and Manistee Lake. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), recently remapped the coast of Lake Michigan, including Manistee Township for determination of floodplain areas. The Township is a member of the Flood Insurance Rate Map Program, which provides structure owners within the 100year floodplain the opportunity to buy flood insurance. Standards are set by FEMA for floodplain development which incorporate design features into the structure for placement in a floodplain. Steep slopes are common in the Township, with the soils being predominantly a glacial till that consists heavily of sand. These natural eroding soils give way to a rolling landscape that influences overland stormwater and water flow. Watersheds are the boundaries between separate areas of overland water flow. Watershed protection groups work to educate and perform improvements to the landscape to promote improved water quality. Although there is not an overarching watershed group within the Township, the Portage Lake Watershed Forever and Greater Bear Watershed are active in respective watersheds that include portions of the Township. The different watersheds within the Township include: Little Manistee River at Manistee Lake, Local Drainage from Bar Lake, Manistee River Outlet and Manistee Lake, Manistee River below Clay Bank Creek and Portage Lake watershed. See Map 4 for all Natural Features. 2.2: Infrastructure, Employers and Community Services 2.2.1: Transportation Manistee Township has a significant auto centric focus as there are three major highways that cross through the jurisdiction into surrounding areas. M-55 is located along the Southern border of the township separating Manistee Township from Stronach Township. This state trunk-line highway runs east to west extending across the whole Lower Peninsula from Lake Huron to Lake Michigan and goes through rural forest, urban areas and farmlands. The highway is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). See Map 5 for transportation features. Intersecting M-55 and extending Northeast throughout the township is Highway US-31 connecting Manistee Township with Bear Lake Township to the north and to the City of Manistee to the south. This major north-south U.S. highway connects Northern Michigan all the way to southern Alabama. This is the common route for individuals traveling from Traverse City in the north as well as the southern Cities Image 15: Manistee County Blacker Airport of Ludington, Muskegon, and Holland. This highway eventually Credit: Manistee County Blacker Airport converges with interstates including I-94 and I-96 connecting to large cities like Ann Arbor, Detroit and Grand Rapids. Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory 16 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �Portage Lake Existing Natural Features of Manistee Township I' \ -~ · ~, ,..,tl~ ·~ : _::r)· f. ~ './~'-~,~ Bar Lake ;,>:. ~.( ,.}:/r ~ IJ , - Peters Bayou Claybank Lake Manistee Lake Lake Winnogene Legend 1•11 ■-­ Gambs Lake i......i City/Township Boundary Watersheds Slopes 25% or Greater CJ Surrounding Townships and Municipalites 1111 Little Manistee River at Manistee Lake 1111 25+ CJ Local Drainage-Bar Lake CJ Water Bodies Canfield Lake Streams CJ Manistee River Outlet-Manistee Lake Wetlands CJ Manistee River below Clay Bank Creek 0 0.5 1 Critical Dunes Area CJ Portage Lake ¯ 2 Miles Map 4: Natural Features Map 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 17 Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory �Like M-55, this highway system is also managed by the Michigan Department of Transportation. The route is a major transportation corridor for shipping and other trucking industries. Connecting with US-31 and heading north to neighboring townships is M-22. This designated scenic highway, a Michigan state trunk-line, is a tourist attraction based on its picturesque surroundings. The trunk-line connects Manistee Township to nearby Onekama winding it’s way around Portage Lake, then continuing north to Arcadia and eventually Benzie County. Manistee Township is home to Manistee County Blacker Airport which is a public use airport located about 3 miles north of the City of Manistee. Most of its usage is general aviation with its current commercial destination being daily service to Chicago-Midway Airport. Total passenger usage in 2015 was just under 10,000 people. There are two total asphalt runways equating to over 8,000 ft of surface length. The airport covers an area of 290 acres and functions year round pending weather events. The Federal Aviation Administration has recommended incorporation of standards to facilitate protection of flight paths adjacent to the airport runways and in keeping with sound aviation incorporated land use planning, the Township should also consider the future land uses adjacent to the airport that support airport services and fit with the more “industrial and commercial” aspects of airports. Freight transportation is a component of the transportation activity and infrastructure in areas of Manistee Township where both highway and rail routes converge. Rail operations in the Township pass through and over sensitive landscapes including Peters Bayou and the Manistee River. The Township has nearly 2.5 miles of total track that is owned by private entities. There are two railroad bridges in the Township and the track follows the Manistee Lake shoreline throughout the jurisdiction. The Township has a minimal sidewalk network, but hosts the initial section of a non-motorized rail-trail within the County. Zimmerman Trail starts behind Burger King at Lakeshore Road and runs to Hill Rd terminating behind Wesco. Some localized trail networks include Orchard Beach State Park which offers trails for the casual hiker and the Manistee State Game Area which has areas of maintained dikes that can be utilized for hiking and walking. Recreation and Trails are fully detailed in the County-Wide Recreation Plan, the Manistee Lake Area Non-Motorized Trail Plan and the Manistee County Multi-Use Regional Trail Plan & Initiative. 2.2.2: County Drainage Districts County Drainage Districts are under the authority of the Manistee County Drain Commissioner. The County Drain Commissioner has an important position in Manistee County as the State of Michigan Drain Code provides the Drain Commissioner almost unchecked authority when acting on petitions regarding drains and the maintenance of existing drainage districts. The Drain Code allows for the yearly assessment for maintenance of existing drainage districts at a rate of $5,000 per linear mile of drain. Petitions brought forth for the maintenance of drains or for the creation of new drains must be acted upon by the Drain Commissioner according to the act. The property owners within the drainage districts, including local units of government and road agencies, are the responsible parties for covering expenses related to drainage district maintenance and establishment. The three Drainage Districts in Manistee Township are shown on Map 6. 1. The Cemetery Drain is located along the boundary with the City of Manistee in the vicinity of Lakeshore Road and US-31. This drain has Image 16: McGuineas Drain Repair Credit: Manistee News Advocate in ground infrastructure that carries water from the high areas west of US-31 and southwest of Lakeshore Road under the roadway and adjacent development emptying directly into Manistee Lake. 2. The Bar Lake Drain is a series of open ditches and flow paths that surround the Bar Lake Swamp in the area of Bar Lake and Schoedel Roads. This district was likely established to drain the lands surrounding the swamp to facilitate agricultural production. 3. The McGuineas Drain was created through combination of the existing Crommer and McGuineas Drains and the expansion of the drainage district boundaries out to the watershed boundary in 2012. This action was completed in response to a petition for maintenance by residential property owners to the Drain Commissioner. The petition was due to flooded basements brought about by a clogged drain inlet. Subsequent investigation identified a buried drainage pipe was eminent to fail. The open ditch drain runs along River Road, crossing under US-31 just north of the airport continuing west until it enters an in ground pipe and runs southerly under residential areas, US-31 and Munson Hospital before daylighting and dumping into the wetlands adjacent to the Manistee River. Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory 18 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �I -~~ ASP RD MILLER RD FALK RD Manistee Township Transportation Map ·.~ F ARR R D Portage Lake .• ~l~ ¬ « KERRY RD ,0 r D YAGER RD Bar Lake SCHOEDEL RD C KD E PP HI A W HW Y £ ¤ DONTZ RD S I UD A R D HILL RD POLEN RD CA US - 31 RIVER RD V AL E A BE HAHN RD DA S R D CEDA R R D E KO TT R D E PAR HO ORCHARD HWY R EY CO BAR LAKE RD D R E SH OR KE LA IN EP M - 22 AE RF BE AE H HARRIS RD Y PAW S TRL RF NI W Lake Winnogene NE MI LE BR ID D Claybank Lake \ L PET E CA Manistee Lake R O RS RD NK Y OLSON RD N PINE CREEK RD GE RD AY BA NC HW Peters Bayou ¬ « M - 55 Legend Gambs Lake Canfield Lake ± Manistee County Blacker Airport Water Bodies Airport Runways Streams Highways Manistee Township Roads Adjacent City/Townships Railroad 0 1.5 Miles 3 Map 5: Transportation Map 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 19 Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory �2.2.3: Sewer & Water Infrastructure Sewer and Water Infrastructure are present in the Township through cooperative agreements with the City of Manistee and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians (LRBOI). Tribal sewer infrastructure in the Township is in place with lines running from the US-31 and M-55 intersection northeast along US-31 to the Tribal lands in the vicinity of M-22. This infrastructure was developed through cooperative agreements with the LRBOI. City Of Manistee sewer infrastructure is available for connection for any new or existing developments from the US-31 & M-55 intersection to the south and west. Image 17: LRBOI Water Tower Credit: Brandon Bartoszek Development of dense multi-family, two-family and singlefamily housing should be considered adjacent to the corridor. Commercial and industrial development along the corridor should also connect to this infrastructure. Water infrastructure through a cooperative agreement with the City of Manistee provides water service to a substantial area. From City wells adjacent to Manistee Blacker Airport, water lines run the length of US-31 to the City of Manistee city limits. Water lines also run from the intersection of US-31 and M-55 east to the Oaks Correctional Facility and the Village of Eastlake. Separate from the City's water district, the LRBOI also has water infrastructure in the Tribal land areas in the vicinity of US-31 and M-22 intersection. The availability of water and sewer within this Tribal area will allow for more residential density and commercial opportunity. 2.2.4: Employers and Business The Little River Casino Resort is owned and operated by the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians and is situated at the corner of US-31 and M-22. This is an entertainment destination that includes hotel rooms, an RV Park, restaurants, and pools. The Casino is one of the largest employers in the Township and County. Manistee Township has a robust health care service presence. Munson Healthcare – Manistee Hospital offers the following feature services: cancer & infusion center, diagnostic imaging, emergency services, heart services, laboratory & pathology, orthopedics, rehabilitation, sleep disorders center, surgery, & walk-in clinic. This hospital provides high quality medical care and advanced diagnostic service to residents of Manistee County and surrounding communities. Manistee Hospital is staffed by more than 350 employees and served by 50 specialists. Meijer is the largest retail outlet within the Township that draws customers from far ranging areas of Manistee County. A retail study conducted around 2010 displayed large retail leakage outside of Manistee County. This study identified millions of dollars that were being spent by Manistee County residents outside of the County in retail destinations such as Traverse City, Ludington and Cadillac. It was thought that the siting of Meijer in the Township would assist in preventing this retail leakage, and it likely has, but no follow-up study has been conducted to determine to what degree. Manistee Township is home to Oaks Correctional Facility which is comprised of eleven main buildings containing approximately 262,673 square feet of floor space. These buildings include: one segregation unit; five general population housing units; two Level II units; and three Level IV units. Male prisoners aged 18 years of age or older reside in seven of the buildings. 2.2.5: Public Services and Institutions The Manistee County Sheriff Department is situated along US-31 in Manistee Township. Law enforcement divisions of the Sheriff’s Department include public safety, jail, K-9, Animal Control, Court Security, Marine Division, and Snowmobile Patrol. The services performed by the Department include civil, process, gun registration, incident & insurance claims, patrol & property checks, FOIA requests, and citizen complaints. Located in Manistee Township is the Manistee Intermediate School District. This is a regional service agency that provides instructional and administrative service to four public schools districts, two public academies and two non-public schools. These entities include Bear Lake schools, Kaleva Norman Dickson schools, Manistee Area Public schools, Onekama Consolidated schools, Manistee Catholic Central, Trinity Lutheran Schools, Casman Academy and Michigan Great Lakes Virtual Academy. The Manistee Township Fire Department is located on Hill Rd and provides Fire Protection for the Township and surrounding area through mutual aid agreements. The fire department is staffed by 21 volunteers and 1 cadet under a chief and captain; see appendix A for a full equipment list. Manistee Township Hall is located on Holden Street and houses the elected and staff offices for the Township. The Township Board meets the second Thursday of each month. The Township Planning Commission meets the first Wednesday of each month. The Township Hall is open for residents inquiring about tax collection, zoning and/or other services provided by the Township. Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory 20 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �Portage Lake KERRY RD CO M - 22 BAR LAKE RD R EY D Bar Lake S I UD A R D HILL RD POLEN R CA £ ¤ D KD US -31 DONTZ RD C A EW P P HI HW Y McGuineas Drain RIVER RD V AL E A BE Cemetary-Kaap Drain SCHOEDEL RD CEDAR RD E KOTT R D E PAR DA S R D ORCHARD HWY D R RE KE SH O LA IN EP HO FISK RD ¬ « Bar Lake Drain F A R R RD ASP RD MILLER RD FALK RD Manistee Township Infrastructure Portage Lake AE RF . Legend Gambs Lake 0 LE BR Highways Sewer lines ~ 0 ID GE R Water lines 1 D - D AY NK R \ PINE CREEK RD L R MI Claybank Lake BA I j ¬ « M - 55 Manistee Township Drains Streams Roads 170 Canfield Lake Y NE HARRIS RD ....:.- Lake Winnogene ._ NI PAWS TRL H W PE TE AE RF BE CA Manistee Lake S RD NC O Y OLSON RD N STAFF RD HW Peters Bayou CJ Water Bodies CJ Manistee_Township_Outline :1-■■•-· i.......i City/Township Boundary CJ Surrounding City/Village/Township 2 1111 Bar Lake Drain 1111 Cemetery-Kaap Drain 1111 McGuineas Drain 4 ¯ 6 Miles Map 6: Infrastructure Map 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 21 Section 2: Existing Conditions Inventory �3: Socio-Economic Profile This socio-economic profile was developed using data from the US Census Bureau American Factfinder 2017 Community Survey Data and in a few cases the 2015 American Community 5-Year Estimates. The data gathered from the 2017 survey is considered short-form when a comparison is drawn to what is typically gathered during the Decennial Census, but still provides valuable data for land use planning purposes. It is important to note some of the data is skewed, as prisoners are counted in certain statistical measures. The distortion of data occurs strictly to population and gender in the data captured within this profile. Income, poverty and household data are not impacted, as they are strictly gathered for households and householders. The prison population can be utilized for correction of the skewed data of total population and gender as the prison is for male convicted offenders with a population of 1,154 inmates. 3.1: Population 3.1.1: Manistee Township Age Trend (2000-2017) Manistee Township Age Trend (2000-2017) 16% The following graph depicts 14% the number of individuals comprising 12% the total population of Manistee 10% Township over a 17 year period . 8% Residents are broken into different 6% age cohorts based on 5-year ranges from under 5 years old up to 85 years 4% and over. The graph depicts that the 2% population is aging over a 17 year 0% Under 5 to 9 10 to 15 to 20 to 25 to 30 to 35 to 40 to 45 to 50 to 55 to 60 to 65 to 70 to 75 to 80 to 85 5 years years 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 84 years period as expected, and that the older years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years and over age cohorts are gaining population 2000 2010 2017 more rapidly than it is being replaced. • • • One has to take into Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census consideration that this particular data, as it deals with population, is influenced by the inmates of the Oaks Correctional Facility. It is next to impossible to obtain the inmates demographics at the facility and determine their distribution across the age cohorts, but in researching overall statistics of the prison population in Michigan, a few details can paint a bit of a picture. The average age of a male prisoner in a Michigan correctional facility is 32.5 years old, with 41% of individuals sentenced to prison between 20 and 29 years old, and 27% of the population sentenced between 30 and 39 years of age. In looking at the current age of prisoners in Michigan, 75% of the prison population is under 50 years of age. From this information we can deduce that the graph above is likely impacted by age cohorts that outline ages 20 to 45. Until we do know the actual demographics of the prison, this is the best estimation as to the impact on the data. Regardless, the data does display that the population is aging and shifting in the cohorts of 55+ and the population is not being replaced in the younger cohorts. 3.1.2: 2017 Population by Age The following graph depicts the number of individuals comprising the 2017 population for three different locations including Manistee Township, Manistee County and the State of Michigan. Residents are broken into different age brackets based on 5-year cohorts. Percentages in each category equate to 100% of the total population for the specific category. Manistee Township displays fewer residents that are younger than 19 years of age than both Manistee County and the State of Michigan. Similar to the data capturing the Township Age Trend, the prison population at the Oaks Correctional Facility is also impacting this data. It is obvious that there is a very large increase in population to the 20-24 and 25-29 age cohorts and there is little doubt that this is directly linked to the prison population. It is obvious that the data does display that the Township has a much greater population of residents 45 years of age and older. Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile 22 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �3.1.3: Manistee Township Population Trend 2017 Population by Age Population 16% Population change is simply 14% the change in the number of people in 12% a specified area during a specific time 10% period. Demographics is the study of 8% population statistics, their variation 6% and its causes. These statistics include 4% birth rates, death rates, migration 2% rates and sex ratios. The population 0% of Manistee Township has seen mostly a steady increase since the 1960 data sets through 1980, with a significant decrease in 1990. This coincides with observations of long ■ Manistee Township ■ Manistee County ■ Michigan time residents whom have stated that Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census migration from the area occurred after the closing of industrial sites and operations around Manistee Manistee Township Population Trend Lake, which supported many households. 4500 3752 A sharp increase in population in the 2000 census 4000 3209 3500 year aligns with the siting of the Oaks Correctional Facility 2952 2875 3000 and the subsequent addition of the prison population. 2173 2500 Since 2000, the Township has seen a modest increase in 2000 population. 3.2: Employment, Income & Earnings: 4087 r 1500 1000 500 0 1950 3.2.1: Industrial Employment: 4084 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Industries The employed civilian population over 16 years of age in Manistee Township was 1,243 individuals according to the 2015 Five-Year Estimate. Industries which employ the most individuals in Manistee Township are Public Administration, Health Care & Social Assistance, Retail Trade and Manufacturing. These industries accounted for almost half of the Industrial Employment (Population 16 & Over) employment for the employed population. Public administration Other services, except public administration This is of no surprise with Accommodation and food services the Munson Medical Campus and Arts, entertainment, and recreation ancillary medical offices, the Oaks Health care and social assistance Correctional Facility (Public Educational services Administrative and support and waste management… Administration) and Meijer all sited Management of companies and enterprises within the Township and the Professional, scientific, and technical services manufacturing facilities that remain Real estate and rental and leasing around the Manistee Lake Area in Finance and insurance Information adjacent local units of government. Utilities The industries that are Transportation and warehousing providing employment Retail trade opportunities for the public should Wholesale trade Manufacturing be supported by working with and Construction promoting these industries through Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction local economic efforts. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 0 50 100 150 200 250 Civilian Employed Population Source: 2015 American Fact Finder 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 23 Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile �3.2.2: Employment Income Employment Income (past 12 months) Self-employment income is earned from carrying on Michigan 9% 91% a “trade or business” as a sole proprietor, an independent contractor, or some form of partnership. Non-selfManistee County 11% 89% employment income means income which consists of salary, wages, allowances, overtime pay, pension, annuity, directors’ fees, bonuses, management fees, gratuities, retiring Manistee Township 8% 92% allowances, extra salary or any emolument of any other kind paid or payable in relation to the taxpayer’s employment. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Manistee Township has a lower rate of self-employment ■ Self Employment ■ No self-employment Income than both Manistee County and the State of Michigan. Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census This merely conveys that the employment income in the Township is largely derived from an hourly or salaried position within a business or company. A lower percentage of employed civilians within the Township than both the State and County own or operate their own business according to this data. 3.2.3: Households with Earnings (past 12 months) Household earnings is a measure of the combined incomes of all people sharing a household or place of residence. It includes every form of income including salaries and wages, retirement income, near cash government transfers like food stamps, and investment gains. The Michigan average for households with earnings is greater than both the Township and County average. With inclusion of all forms of income including retirement it can be difficult to decipher the lower percentage. The lower percentage may be due to the aging population. These aging households may not be listing any earnings within the households, as they may be living off of investments which would not count towards earnings, and this may account for a lower percentage of Township households with earnings. Households with Earnings (past 12 months) Michigan 74% 26% Manistee County 65% 35% Manistee Township 65% 35% 0% 20% 40% ■ With Earnings ■ 60% 80% 100% No Earnings Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census 3.2.4: Wage or Salary Income (past 12 months) The essential difference between a salary and a wage is that a salaried person is paid a fixed amount per pay period and a wage earner is paid by the hour. Someone who is paid a salary is paid a fixed amount in each pay period, with the total of these fixed payments over a full year summing to the amount of the salary. Manistee Township and Manistee County show a lower percentage of households with wage and salary income than compared to the State of Michigan. This is very likely due to the higher level of retirees within both the Township and County as a whole. This lower percentage is nothing to cause concern as will be reinforced later in this chapter when interpreting poverty levels. Wage or Salary Income (past 12 months) Michigan 72% 28% Manistee County 62% 38% Manistee Township 62% 38% 0% 20% ■ With Wage or Salary Income 40% 60% 80% 100% ■ No wage or salary income Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census 3.2.5: Social Security Income (past 12 months) Social Security benefits are payments made to qualified retirees, disabled people, and to their spouses, children, and survivors. The current law, after several amendments, encompasses several social insurance and social welfare programs, including the issuance of Social Security benefits. Social Security benefits can be collected as early as age 62 depending on circumstances, but are typically paid out between the retirement ages of 65 and 67. Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile 24 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �The Township has a higher percentage of households receiving social security than both Manistee County and the State of Michigan. Manistee County doesn’t lag too far behind the Township in terms of percentage, again, an indication that both the Township and the County encompass many retirees among other qualifiers that are entitled to Social Security benefits Social Security Income (past 12 months) Michigan Manistee County 3.2.6: Retirement Income (past 12 months) Retirement income is the amount of money an individual earns after retiring based on retirement assets such as, Social Security allowances, pensions, stocks, mutual funds, savings accounts, CDs, home equity funds, annuities, insurance, rental income, royalties, or inheritances. The data continues to reinforce other statistical measures that acknowledges that the population harbors many retirees in both the Township and County. Again, the Township leads the County by several percentage points, but both lead the State of Michigan by a significant margin, with the Township having 13% more households with retirement income than the State. 66% 47% Manistee Township 53% 53% 0% 47% 20% 40% ■ Total with Social Security 60% ■ 80% 100% No Social Security Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Retirement Income (past 12 months) Michigan 23% Manistee County 77% 31% Manistee Township 3.2.7: Median Income (Families & Children Status) Median income defines an exact of the amount of income each family unit within a jurisdiction makes annually. Household type and children status are quantified in the graph. The data displays that the Township maintains a higher median income for families across all ranges than the County, but lags behind the State in all but one family status. It is tough to draw a comparison against State-wide statistical medians as other areas of the State have higher costs of living which also often coincides with greater wage or salary incomes. 34% 69% 36% 0% 64% 20% 40% ■ With Retirement 60% 80% 100% ■ No Retirement Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census middle Median Income (Families & Children Status) $89,831 $74,290 $80,833 Families - Married-couple families - With own children under 18 years Families - Married-couple families $60,953 $64,427 $67,762 $54,837 $63,073 Families - With no own children of householder under 18 years $64,591 $53,571 $71,806 Families - With own children of householder under 18 years $66,653 $54,708 $64,271 Families $0 3.2.8: Median Income ■ Michigan ■ $80,246 Manistee County $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 ■ Manistee Township Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census (Households & Householder Age) A householder is a person who owns or rents a house and is considered the head of a household. This graph denotes the median income for households broken out by age, amount of income and location. Manistee Township has a greater median income for households than both the State of Michigan and Manistee County in all but one circumstance: householders 45-65 years of age, where the median income is only $561 less than the State. The income data presented within this graph coupled with the data presented within this Income and Earning sub-section of the plan provide a positive outlook for sustaining households and families. 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 25 Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile �Median Income (Households & Householder Age) $40,784 $38,065 $41,250 Householder- 65 years and over Householder- 45 to 64 years $64,259 $53,052 Householder- 25 to 44 years $57,816 $43,750 $26,823 $24,135 Householder- 15 to 24 years $44,882 $10,000 ■ Michigan ■ $20,000 $30,000 Manistee County $64,688 $53,654 Households $0 $63,698 $40,000 $52,668 $54,005 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 ■ Manistee Township Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census 3.3: Housing & Housing Costs: 3.3.1: Occupied Housing Units (Renter Vs. Owner) Owner- occupied means that the owner lives in the unit. Renter-occupied refers to those units where the owner does not live in the unit. Owner-occupied + renter-occupied is equal to total occupied housing units. Manistee Township has both a larger percentage of owner occupied housing units than both the State and County. This status of owner occupied bodes well for home ownership, but also provides a snapshot that is known from other studies. That snapshot results in fewer opportunities for rental housing within the community. Occupied Housing Units (Renter vs. Owner) Michigan 71% Manistee County 29% 82% Manistee Township 87% 0% 20% 40% ■ Owner Occupied 3.3.2: Occupancy Status Housing Units 18% 13% 60% 80% 100% ■ Renter Occupied Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census A housing unit is vacant if no one is living in it at the time of the census. In addition, a vacant unit may be one which is entirely occupied by persons who have established residence elsewhere. This describes seasonal residents. New units not yet occupied are classified as vacant housing units if construction has reached a point where all exterior windows and doors are installed, and final usable floors are in place. There are more occupied housing units in the State of Michigan at 85% than both the County and Township. This data points to the seasonal population that is present in both the Township and County, and is supported by the NW Michigan Seasonal Population Study through Networks Northwest. Occupancy Status Housing Units Michigan 85% Manistee County 15% 62% Manistee Township 38% 75% 0% 20% 25% 40% ■ Occupied 60% 80% 100% ■ Vacant Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile 26 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �3.3.3: Household Size (Renter vs. Owner) Most households in Manistee County, Manistee Township and the State of Michigan are occupied by 1 or 2 individuals. As you increase the household size, the trend in percentages decreases for Manistee Township and the County when compared across government units. The same can be said for both owner and rental occupied units. Household Size (Renter vs. Owner) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 3.3.4: Monthly Housing Costs (occupied units) Selected monthly owner costs are the sum of payments for mortgages, deeds of trust, contracts to purchase, or similar debts on the property (including payments for the first mortgage, second mortgages, home equity loans, and other junior mortgages; real estate taxes; fire, hazard, and flood insurance on the property; utilities (electricity, gas, and water and sewer); and fuels (oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.). It also includes, where appropriate, the monthly condominium fee for condominiums and mobile home costs (installment loan payments, personal property taxes, site rent, registration fees, and license fees). The following graph depicts Monthly Housing Costs for 15 different ranges that display 100% of housing costs for the jurisdictions listed. Manistee Township displays a greater percentage of housing costs in the $200-$299, $300-$399 and $400-$499 range than the State, and to a lesser extent Manistee County. This is a relative low range for housing costs and may be in part due to the demographics of the community having greater amounts of retirees that have paid off their mortgages lowering housing costs. ■ Manistee Township ■ Manistee County ■ Michigan Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Monthly Housing Costs (occupied units) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% •Manistee Township •Manistee County ■ Michigan Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Median monthly housing costs 3.3.5: Median Monthly Housing Costs Michigan Monthly housing costs are developed from a distribution of “Selected Monthly Owner Costs” for owner-occupied units and “Gross Rent” for renteroccupied units. The data displays lower costs than the State and County, and could be accounted for through retirees who have paid off their mortgages. $869 Manistee County $686 Manistee Township $0.00 3.4: Education: 3.4.1: Educational Attainment of Householder $643 $200.00 $400.00 $600.00 $800.00 $1,000.00 Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Educational attainment is a term commonly used by statisticians to refer to the highest degree of education an individual has completed. The educational attainment of a householder is indicative of the highest amount of education as well as house ownership status. Educational attainment by a householder is the most important educational statistical measurement for Manistee Township as it incorporates only householder data. Educational data that is not tied to households, householder or family is impacted by the presence of the Oaks Correctional 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 27 Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile �Facility as inmates are captured within Educational Attainment data that applies to the population as a whole. As is displayed in the graph, Manistee Township Householders have a High School Education or higher at 83%. This is greater than the County average at 76% and the State average at 66%. This bodes well for educational attainment and the prospect that greater education leads to homeownership. Educational Attainment of Householder 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 3.4.2: Educational Attainment (18-24 Years Old) 0% The following graph depicts the educational attainment of the State, County, and Township residents aged 18-24 years old broken into percentages with a sum of 100% for each cohort. The educational data for population is impacted by the Oaks Correctional Facility and the inclusion of inmates within the data. As is displayed in the graph there is a large proportion of 18-24 years old that have less than a High School Graduate when compared to the County and State. This doesn’t align with the ownership and renter data of a householder displayed above, which shows strong educational attainment. A high percentage of the population having a low educational attainment would show in the householder data if prison population were to be included as a renter or owner. 3.4.3: Educational Attainment (25 Years & Older) ■ Manistee Township Manistee County •Michigan Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Educational Attainment (18-24 Years Old) 60% 48% 50% 41% 42% 40% 30% 30% 29% 29% 24% 23% 20% 13% 10% 10% 5% 5% The following graph depicts the educational attainment of the State, County, and Township 0% Less than high school High school graduate Some college or Bachelor's degree or residents aged 25 years or older broken into graduate (includes associate's degree higher percentages with a sum of 100% for each cohort. equivalency) Similar to the educational attainment for Manistee Township ■ Manistee County ■ Michigan 18-24 years old, this data is impacted by the Oaks Correctional Facility inmates, Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census as it does not account for households or Educational Attainment (25 Years & Older) families, but rather the entire prison 60% population. In reviewing the data, it looks to have less of an impact on the statistical 50% sample in the less than High School 41% 40% education cohorts. One thought is that 36% 29% inmates whom started their incarceration 30% 22% 24% between the age of 18 and 24 have worked 23% 17% 20% to obtain a high school diploma or 13% 11% 11% 10% 10% 9% 8% equivalency by the time they reach the age 10% 8% 7% 6% 7% 2% 2% 3% of 25. Regardless of the circumstances for closer alignment to the County and State in 0% Less than 9th 9th to 12th High school Some college, Associate's Bachelor's Graduate or educational attainment for the population grade grade, no graduate no degree degree degree professional diploma (includes degree aged 25 years and older, these statistics equivalency) support a more educated population as a ■ Manistee Township whole. •Manistee County Michigan •• 1 • --- h t I ... tt1 ..i • Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census 28 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �3.5: Households & Families: 3.5.1: Household Family Characteristics Household size is defined by the number of individuals residing in a household based on different characteristics. The graph displays households in Manistee Township consisting of more married couples with family than both the County and State. In the case of female householder with no husband present, the township is less than the County and less than half of that of the State. This bodes well for family households in the Township. Non-family households are at pace with the State and slightly lower than the County. Household Family Characteristics 60% 55% 51% 50% 40% 35% 12% 10% Married-couple family household 5% 5% 5% Male householder, no Female householder, no Nonfamily household wife present, family husband present, family household household ■ Manistee Township ■ Manistee County ■ Michigan Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Average Household Size Characteristics 5 4.45 4.5 Persons 3.5 3 2.5 3.73 3.82 3.78 4 2.35 2.34 2.49 2.69 2.86 3.3 3.26 3.13 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 7% ••• ••1 6% 3.6.1: Population Below Poverty Level The Federal Poverty Level (FPL), or the “poverty line” is an economic measure that is used to decide whether the income level of an individual or family qualifies them for certain federal benefits and programs. The FPL is the set minimum amount of income that a family needs for food, clothing, transportation, shelter, and other necessities. Poverty is a state or condition in which a person or family lacks the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living. Poverty means that the income level from employment is so low that basic human needs can’t be met. Poverty-stricken people and families might go without proper housing, clean water, healthy food, and medical attention. The Percentage of population below poverty line in Michigan is 15.6%, while Manistee County is 14.7% and Manistee Township is 11.1%. Poverty statistics are not impacted by the prison inmates. 35% 20% 3.5.2: Average Household Size 3.6: Poverty Levels: 37% 30% 0% Household size is defined by the number of individuals residing in a household based on different characteristics. The graph displays that total average household size for the Township is less than both the County and State, which may point towards an aging population with less children in the household. This is reinforced with the married couple household statistic which displays that family size for married couples is less in the Township than the County and State, which would point towards a larger percentage of “empty nesters”. An interesting statistic is the larger family size of a male householder with no wife than both the County and State. 47% Total; Estimate; Married-couple family Male householder, no Average household size household wife present, family household ■ Manistee Township ■ Manistee County Female householder, no husband present, family household ■ Michigan Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Population Percent Below Poverty Level 18% 16% 14.70% 15.60% 14% 12% 11.10% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Manistee Township Manistee County Michigan Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census 29 Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile �3.6.2: Families Percent Below Poverty Level With both the population poverty data displayed above and the family population percentages portrayed to the right, Manistee Township displays a lower level of poverty than both the County and State. This shows that much of the population and families in the Township are in a strong financial position, although having any percentage of poverty amongst the population is a hindrance to aspects of the community and the Township. Support for those in poverty through increased education, assistance with childcare, transportation and healthcare should be on the radar whether through a private or public network. 3.7: Transportation and Work Commute: Families Percent Below Poverty Level 12% 10.90% 9.50% 10% 8.10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Manistee Township Manistee County Michigan Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census 3.7.1: Means of Transportation to Work Means of Transportation to work include any of the different kinds of transportation used to carry people from home to the workplace. The following graph depicts the Means of Transportation to Work for Manistee County and Township for workers aged 16 years or older. The vast majority of workers in the Township drive alone, and at a greater percentage than the County. The number of Township workers carpooling is 6% less than that of the County. As we’ll see in the remaining commuter data, Township workforce travel time to work is minimal. Therefore, with lower commuter times it is not surprising that more of the workforce commutes alone and not in a carpool. Means of Transportation to Work 100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile 4% 10% 1% 1% 1% 0% ■ Manistee Township 3.7.2: Travel Time to Work 3% 3% 0% 1% 2% 1% 3% 4% ■ Manistee County Source: 2017 American Community Survey - U.S. Census Travel Time to Work 60 or more mins 1.90% 45-59 mins 4.30% 35-44 mins 1.40% 30-34 mins Travel Time Commuter travel time to work is the length of time of a commute in minutes from home to the workplace for workers aged 16 years and older in Manistee Township. It is evident from the data that the majority of commuters, 60.7% travel less than 15 minutes to work during their commute. With 82.3% of commuters traveling less than 20 minutes to work. The location of Manistee Township just north of the City of Manistee is in a position that workers traveling 20 minutes or less to work are most likely working in Manistee Township or in the vicinity of Manistee Lake. The majority of the industry in Manistee County is located around Manistee Lake, with other large employers such as the casino, hospital, Meijer and prison all being located within the confines of the Township. 87% 80% 4.20% 25-29 mins 1.50% 20-24 mins 4.50% 15-19 mins 21.60% 10-14 mins 36.10% Less than 10 mins 24.60% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Percent of Workforce Source: 2015 American Fact Finder 30 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �3.7.3: Place of Work (State/County) Place of Work (State/County) Worked outside State Place of Work Following the commuter statistics that display the vast majority of workers are remaining within 20 minutes of their residence, the place of work in relation to the State and County provides direct information on how many workers are remaining within Manistee County. The graph shows that 89.3% of the workforce is staying within the County for their place of work, this aligns well with the 82.3% of workers who travel 20 minutes or less to work each day. Traveling greater than 20 minutes North or South of the Township in many cases carries one over the County line into a neighboring County. Work outside County of Residence 0.40% ■ 10.30% Work in County of Residence 89.30% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percentage of Workforce Source: 2015 American Fact Finder 3.7.4: Place of Work (Township) Place of Work (Township) Place of Work The place of work graph in (Township/City) details if the worker is remaining within their Worked outside Township/City of Township of residence for work. As one can see, a 59.10% residence substantial amount of workers remain within the Township for employment at 40.90%. The remaining majority of workers that are traveling outside of the Township, are still remaining within Worked in Township/City of Residence 40.90% the County for work. Travel times correlate to these workers having employment in the industries and 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% other employment positions around Manistee Lake, Percentage of Workforce within the City of Manistee, Stronach and Filer Source: 2015 American Fact Finder Townships. This data is important, as it shows that employment opportunities are close to a workers residence in the vast majority of cases, and information concerning workers and employment point towards the importance of maintaining a residence close to the work place. The need for housing as has been shown through other studies. It would be interesting to gather a profile from employers of the residence locations of their workers according to Township/City. 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 31 Section 3: Socio-Economic Profile �4: Public Input 4.1: Here's what residents said they WANT to see in Manistee Township 4.1.1: Rural Areas • • • • • • Areas devoted to agricultural crops. Natural vegetation lining the road (rather than prescribed landscaping). Views of lakes, orchards, and open space. Agricultural and residential buildings set back from roadways protecting the view shed. Overhead utility lines with lighting affixed to poles. Two travel lanes on roadway and at key intersections areas with left turn and right turn deceleration lanes provided to maintain traffic flow. 4.1.2: Suburban Areas • • • • • • • • • Section 4: Public Input Landscaped vegetation along roadway, between parking/ building areas and pedestrian walkaways. Designated pedestrian sidewalk adjacent to roadway. Designated bike lane along roadway. Signage is placed on monument structures and/or on building; Single row of parking allowed in front of building with additional parking on sides or rear. Building set at a "zero lot line" allowing for placement up to the right-of-way. Two travel lanes with a boulevard for controlled left land turns and for protection of pedestrians at road crossings. Overhead utilities buried underground. Pedestrian level lighting adjacent to walkway. 32 4.1.3: Urban Areas • • • • • • • • Vegetation along roadway separating pedestrian walkways from roadway. Designated pedestrian sidewalk adjacent to roadway. Signage is placed on a monument structure and/or on buildings. Parking situated along side and rear of building. Buildings set at a zero lot line immediately adjacent to roadway. Two travel lanes with a center left hand turn lane. Overhead utilities buried underground. Pedestrian level lighting adjacent to walkway. 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �4.2: Here's what residents said they DO NOT want to see in their Township Dirt paths rather than sidewalks Large, extensive parking in front of buildings without any landscaping No landscaping between sidewalks and the road Two travel lanes with a center left turn lane and multiple curb cuts Views in rural areas disturbed by encroaching development Temporary, pole, and very tall signs 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 33 Section 4: Public Input �5: Future Land Use Analysis (Cause and Actions) 5.1: Natural Resources Actions The Natural resources contained in this section are regulated by State and Federal Agencies. Manistee Township works cooperatively with these agencies to ensure that High Risk & their development standards are achieved. 5.1.1: Shoreline Erosion Cause: Fluctuating water levels have played havoc along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Due to increasing water levels, property owners have had to take immediate and costly action to protect structures which are threatened by excessive shoreline erosion. Action: Support bluff setbacks enacted and regulated by the Department of Environment, Great Lakes and Energy (EGLE) with the State of Michigan. See map 7. D Areas of Concern 5.1.2: Wetlands Cause: Wetlands connected to the Great Lakes, Great Lakes waterways, and those that are 5 acres or greater are regulated by the State of Michigan. The State requires a wetland permit in order to perform dredging, filling or construction within wetland areas. Action: Article 25 of the current Manistee Township Zoning Ordinance regulates wetlands through the provisions of a wetland district. The current district does not align with the wetland boundary provided by the State of Michigan (*The State of Michigan Wetland Boundary is created by overlaying the “National Legend - ~ Critical Dunes FEMA Flood Zones Slope Percent [Zl High Risk Erosion D A D 0 - 24.99% 25 - 100% □ Wetlands (DEQ) D AE D Water Bodies D D VE Streams 0 1 2 Wetland Inventory Boundary” with the “Hydric Soils Boundary” from the Soil Survey Geographic database Map 7: SSURGO and displaying where the two datasets intersect.) The Township should amend Article 25 to become a wetland overlay district that applies to all wetlands of 5 acres or more within the Township. 3 c::, 4 Miles Highways Roads City/Township Boundary Adjacent Municipality ´ High Risk and Areas of Concern 5.1.3: Steep Slopes Cause: Development on excessively steep slopes can enhance erosive forces of water, destabilize soils and lead to increased erosion. Action: Limit development in areas of steep slopes by protecting slopes of 25% or greater. See map 7. 5.1.4: Waterway Buffers Cause: Lack of vegetation along surface waters may negatively affect water quality, promote erosion and limit wildlife habitat. Action: Implement a vegetative buffer around all surface waters. A determination for the preservation of trees of a certain size (measured by diameter at breast height, DBH) should not be allowed to be removed unless dying, diseased or invasive. Provide provisions for removal of brush and tress for riparian access and preservation of view-sheds. 5.1.5: Floodplains Cause: Manistee Township is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program. FEMA is preparing to adopt new Section 5: Future Land Use Analysis 34 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �floodplain maps for the Lake Michigan coastline and connected waters. Adjustment in flood zone boundaries may include additional property owners who may be required to obtain flood insurance. Development within the 100 year floodplain requires structures to be built to a flood standard, and for structures currently in the floodplain to meet standards if they were to be expanded or reconstructed. Action: Enforce FEMA standards regarding floodplain development as required. 5.2: Transportation Actions 5.2.1: Primary Trunk-line/Highway Accessibility Cause: Significant vehicular traffic along the US-31 corridor, along with excessive curb cuts, limited shared access and limited interconnections among neighboring parcels has led to traffic congestion, particularly during peak hours and seasons. Action: Access Management Standards of varying regulatory levels should be implemented along the entirety of the US-31, M-22 and M-55 corridors. These standards should include provisions for: • Shared Access • Frontage drives • Cross-lot connections • Closure of Curb Cuts (See map 8 for recommended curb cut closures provided by MDOT, this data should be updated as MDOT updates plans.) 5.2.2: Appropriate Consideration of Inclusion of Multi-Modal Transportation US 31 Curb Cuts & POLEN RD Recommended Curb Cut Closures D Manistee County Blacker Airport D Manistee Township ·•-•1. Highways Roads 11..., =t:=t:J, Railroad 0 ( Water Bodies Adjacent City/Townships Miles 1 0.5 CONDOND . RD ´ C) GUTHRIE RD D Curb Cuts (US 31) FROST RD ! ( Streams Recommended Curb Cut Closures HILL RD k ! ( ! ( ( (! (! ! ( ! ! (! ( !! ( ( (! k k CA k kk k k k kkk k k k ! (! ( ! ( ( ! (! (! ! (! ( ! (! ( (( ! ( ! ! (! IVY LN HAHN RD ! (( ( ! ( ( ( ! (! ! (! ( (! ! (! ! (! ! ! ( (! ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ! ( ( ! ! ( ( ! ! ( ( (! (! ( (! ! ( ! (! ! ( ( ! (! (! (! !! ! ! ( ( ! (( (! ( (! (! (! ( (! ! (! ! ! ( ! ( ( ! (( (! ( ! (! ( !! ( (! ! ( (! ! ( (! ! ( ! (! ( ! ! (! ( !! ( ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( (! ! (! ( (! ( ! (! ( ( ! (! ! (! ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ! ( (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ! ( ( ! HO ( ! ! LDEN ST ( ( ( ! (! (! (! ! ( (! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! (! ! ( ! ( ( ! (! ! ( ! ( ! ( KEMMER RD Legend BE AE RF HW Y Manistee Lake Map 8: US 31 Curb Cut Recommended Closures Peters Bayou Cause: The State of Michigan, through enabling legislation, created a “Complete Streets Policy” which promotes the inclusion of multi-modal transportation features such as sidewalks, crosswalks and bike-lanes. Action: Adopt complete streets resolution and policy, which promotes inclusion of these non-motorized transportation features in roadway design and construction. 5.2.3: Incorporation of Multi-Modal Transportation 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 35 Section 5: Future Land Use Analysis �Cause: Limited routes for non-motorized transportation and lack of safe pedestrian crossings along major roadways. Action: Incorporate roadway design that includes multi-modal transportation options such as sidewalks, bike-lanes and pedestrian crossings. See multi-modal roadway sectional below: 5.2.4: Participate/Inclusion in Transportation Planning Efforts 4’ Sidewalk Bike Lane w/pavement markings Pedestrian Refuge Island Diagram 1: US 31 Road Sectional Recommendation Cause: Participation in past and on-going planning efforts that have provided sound recommendations for future actions relating to multi-modal and non-motorized transportation. Actions: Recommend and adopt existing plans which promote multi-modal transportation and continue participation in similar processes. Plan actions are listed below: • Recommend/Adopt: 2017 US-31 Corridor Enhancement Plan. • Recommend/Adopt: 2020 Manistee Lake Area NonMotorized Transportation Plan • Participate: Manistee County Multi-Use Regional Trail Initiative. Airport Overlay Recommendations 5.3: Airport Actions Recommended Airport Overlay 5.3.1: Airport Overlay Zone Consideration Cause: The Michigan Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Administration and the Michigan Aeronautics Commission have recommended that Manistee Township institute an “Airport Overlay Zone” in order to regulate land uses within the vicinity of the Manistee Blacker Airport. Further, the Michgan Aeronautics Commission has created an airport approach plan for Manistee Blacker Airport. Regulations would pertain to compatible land uses, height of buildings, communication towers and natural features along with restrictions on lighting that may create a hazard to safe landing or taking off of aircraft. Action: Establish an Airport Overlay District per the recommendations of the FAA, Michigan Aeronautics Commission and MDOT. ~ - -----~ ·~••a,t, ~~ -- ~ --===---oe:===----- 5.3.2: Appropriate Uses & Densities in Airport Overlay Section 5: Future Land Use Analysis ···1C<y(I---. - - ,.._ 2 36 Wlt.iltfeoditt , • Map 9: Airport Overlay Recommendations 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �Cause: Zoning Districts located within the recommended airport safety zones, currently allow multi-family housing, retail establishments, professional services, commercial operations as well as indoor and outdoor recreation facilities. The airport approach plan for Manistee Blacker Airport is incorporated herein by reference, and a copy is available for public inspection at the Manistee Township Hall. Action: Modify Zoning District areas and uses in the vicinity of Manistee County Blacker Airport to compliment airport activities not inconsistent with the recommendations in the airport approach plan. 5.4: Infrastructure Actions 5.4.1: County Drains & Drainage Districts Cause: Image 27: Manistee Blacker Airport Entrance Communication and transparency issues have surrounded some drainage district expansion and maintenance efforts. Action: Only support petitions for the creation, expansion, and/or maintenance of drainage districts that are brought about by free land holders of property within the Township. Action: Support closure of all non-essential drains as identified by the Manistee County Drain Commissioner. 5.4.2: Stormwater Management Cause: Stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces carries pollutants such as heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, fecal matter and other pathogens that can be carried to surface waters resulting in nonpoint source pollution. Action: Continue support of the Drain Commissioner's Office “Stormwater Guidelines” which require on-site infiltration of stormwater for commercial, industrial and residential sub-division site plans that are under authority of the drain commissioner's office. 5.4.3: Water and Sewer Agreements Cause: Water and Sewer infrastructure through joint Image 28: Meijer Low Impact Development Level Spreader agreements with local units of government, promote development within areas of Manistee Township. Increased density should follow infrastructure. Action: Continue cooperative agreements with the City of Manistee and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. Locate and promote zoning districts that increase density where infrastructure is present. 5.5: Energy and Extraction Actions 5.5.1: Gas and Oil Extraction Cause: Existing gas and oil wells are present throughout the Township and lend to economic development and the sustainability of employment. 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 37 Section 5: Future Land Use Analysis �Action: Permit use of natural resources through the allowance of gas and oil extraction that has been properly permitted through the State of Michigan. 5.5.2: Solar Thermal Energy Cause: The Township has been approached for placement of solar farms for the harnessing and distribution of energy. Action: Manistee Township should continue to allow solar farms in areas of low density residential development and agricultural production. Solar energy should compliment agricultural production by working with landowners to sustain a mode of agriculture that may coexist with solar panels and ancillary equipment. 5.6: Civic and Governmental Actions 5.6.1: Collaboration Cause: Collaboration with adjacent local units of government has led to cost savings through shared services. Action: Continue collaboration with local entities to improve fiscal responsibility. 5.7: Housing Actions Cause: Studies have shown that there is a shortage of attainable housing for workers and working families within our communities. Action: Manistee Township, with it’s location close to employers and services is in a position to provide actions towards improving the housing issue. Land use districts in the Southwestern portion of the Township should promote greater density with allowances for multi-family housing and smaller lot sizes and decreased minimum square footage for smaller single-family dwellings. Flexibility may be achieved while maintaining conditional control through special uses. 5.8: Land Uses Category Actions 5.8.1: Public Land and Public Open Space Actions: Cause: Public lands lend to the character of the Township and region, drawing outdoor enthusiasts and protecting substantial areas from development activities and promoting the use of resources and protecting wildlife habitat. Action: Create a land use district which contains all public lands within the Township. Establishing knowledge of locations of public lands assists staff, visitors and would be residents/property owners when actively viewing parcels. 5.8.2: Agricultural and Forestry Actions: Cause: Protection and preservation of agricultural lands and forestry is a desire of residents and visitors. This was identified through various public input efforts within the Township and County. Parcel size within the current AP-1 Zoning District allows 10 acre parcel minimums with a provision for 1 to 5 acre parcels for non-farm use. Image 30: Manistee State Game Area Marsh Section 5: Future Land Use Analysis 38 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �Action: Existing minimum parcel sizes do not promote agricultural protection, and will, with time lead to land fragmentation and the dwindling of farmlands within the Township. Recommend, a modern, agricultural preservation zoning district which promotes cluster development and density bonus standards for sustainability of farm-land and development value. This offers greater flexibility for both condensed residential development and active farm operations. Common base densities prior to addition of a “density bonus” are 20 or 40 acre parcel minimums. See example below: 5.8.3:Residential Actions: Cause: Cost of Community Services studies show that sprawling residential development is more costly to service than condensed development where infrastructure is present. Action: Dense residential developments should be encouraged to be placed where appropriate infrastructure is present. This decreases demand on tax dollars, and allows those saved dollars to go towards other services. Cause: Land fragmentation and residential sprawl commonly occur through allowance of medium density development over large areas of land. Medium density commonly ranges from 2 to 10 acres in minimum parcel size. Image #31 Douglas Valley Standard Development vs. Cluster Development with Density Bonus • • 40 Acre Parcel Current AP-1 Zoning Allowance Model 1 to 5 acre minimum per dwelling is allowed 20 new homes on 40 acres *40 new homes is permissible under current zoning 40 Acre Parcel Cluster Development with Density Bonus Model • • • • 10 acre parcel minimum would allow 4 homes per 4o acres. Offer a Density bonus of 1 additional home if the homes are clustered on 2 acre parcels. Allow for a dwelling to be constructed or maintained on the remaining 30 acres Development would occur over 10 acres and leave 30 acres to be permanently preserved for farmland through conservation easement Conserved 30 acres Farmland Farm House Diagram 2: Traditional vs. Cluster Development Example 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 39 Section 5: Future Land Use Analysis �5.8.3: Residential Actions cont. Action: Dense residential districts should be buffered by multi-use and medium density residential districts. These districts should be located adjacent to higher density residential areas, but should not cover large swaths of undeveloped land, where larger parcel sizes exist. Cause: The current structure of zoning districts within the Township limits the opportunities to have a more focused approach upon varying areas for different residential density. The approach of a “Mixed Use” district is encouraged for a portion of the Township, but not for the purpose it is currently utilized. The current mixed use district is really a medium density residential district with allowances for rural, non-residential uses. Action: Creation of three residential districts provides a range of options for High, Medium and Low Density. The low density district should also continue to allow rural mixed uses and the purpose and title should convey such. The three residential districts to be recommended are: • • • High Density Residential (Allows for Planned Unit Development & Multi-Family as a Special Use) Medium Density Residential (Allows for Planned Unit Development & Multi-Family as a Special Use) Country Residential & Rural Mixed Use (Allows for Planned Unit Development) 5.8.4: Mixed Use Actions Cause: The mixed use district that is currently in place within the Township covers large swaths of land. Lands that are both assessed residential as well as agriculture are captured within this district. The purpose of the district may indeed meet it’s “title” of allowable mixed uses, but as stated above it would be better conveyed as Country Residential and Rural Mixed Use. This would allow for amending of the Mixed Use District to a more commercial/ residential approach. Action: Adjust the uses within the mixed use district to allow for commercial and varying densities of residential development. The district should be placed adjacent to commercial and residential districts where uses such as office and retail can coexist with retirement homes, and higher density residential development. 5.8.5: Commercial Actions Cause: Commercial development is located largely along the US-31 corridor, where both water and sewer infrastructure currently exists. Action: Continue to promote development along the US-31 corridor and other locations of existing infrastructure, and look to expand to areas adjacent to the airport with consideration of an airport overlay zone. Action: Infrastructure expansions should direct the location of proposed commercial development. District boundaries should be amended as needed. Cause: Commercial uses typical of retail and service businesses are located within the commercial district of Manistee Township, with the City of Manistee allowing isolated retail uses for marijuana sales. Action: Manistee Township did not authorize the sale of marijuana or marijuana products under State Law and directs those uses to the nearby City of Manistee. Image 32: Airport Tarmac 40 �5.8.6: Industrial Actions Cause: Industrial areas have been provided along the M-55 corridor in the vicinity of the Renaissance Park. Action: Continue industrial development where water infrastructure exists and sewer can be expanded. Action: Zone light industry uses adjacent to City Renaissance Industrial Park. Action: As infrastructure expands, revisit industrially zoned areas to ensure that they are still compatible with the needs for industrial space within the Township. Cause: Cultivation of marijuana has been directed to industrially zoned districts of communities under State law, and only permissible in communities that have opted in for medical marijuana or opted out for recreational marijuana. Image 33: Industrial Park Entrance Action: Manistee Township has not authorized the cultivation, processing or transport of marijuana within the Township and directs those uses to the nearby City of Manistee where appropriate areas are zoned for allowance of those uses. Image 34: Industrial Park Lot #9 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan 41 Section 5: Future Land Use Analysis �6: Future Land Use Plan The Future Land Use Plan outlines the recommended Future Land Use Districts for Manistee Township. Evidence provided throughout this planning document directs the placement of higher density residential districts to achieve necessary densities for promoting focused growth in areas of existing services and population densities. Similarly, commercial and mixed use districts are focused in areas of transportation corridors that allow ease of access (US-31) as well as having both sewer and water services available. Certain uses of a commercial nature rely upon these services in order to allow for operation. Mixed use provides flexibility off of the primary transportation corridors adjacent to the commercial districts. The placement and expansion of both commercial and mixed use districts align with the recommendations from MDOT and the FAA for development and uses within the Airport Safety Zone Overlay. The Industrial District aligns with it's current placement upon the zoning map, which is adjacent to M-55 and neighboring industrial areas within close proximity of Manistee Lake. The industrial district also contains the City of Manistee Renaissance Park. Industries within the industrial district have the ability to connect to both water and sewer infrastructure, which expands the types of uses that can be placed in the area Rural areas which are desired by many for their unique charm of existing agriculture and forestry should be protected and preserved. This preservation may occur by appropriately directing low density residential development to 10 acre parcels or greater in areas adjacent to active farmland, forests managed for timber and wetland areas which limits the buildable area. Areas of active farmland, forest management and wetlands should be appropriately zoned to a lower density of 1 unit per 20 or 40 acres, which promotes farmland over residential dwelling development. The utilization of density bonuses in trade for farmland conservation easements protects portions of agricultural land and forests. This balances the need of large acreage, rural land owners who rely upon the land for both sustaining a farm/ forestry use but allows portions of the land to be sold and developed for income when needed. Public lands and recreation spaces should be afforded their own district which separates these lands from parcels that are zoned for allowed uses and densities. These public lands will most certainly not be developed, and if and when a parcel of public land becomes transferred to private ownership, a rezoning to a neighboring zoning district should occur at no cost to the landowner. The institution of overlay zones helps to simplify processes by allowing both applicants and the Township to more easily identify the regulations of certain areas. Two overlay zones are recommended within the Township: 1. Airport Overlay Zone: Safety zones which limit tall structures and other hazards to airport operations. 2. Wetland/100 Year Floodplain Overlay Zone: Identifies areas that require State approval for development activities, where the township will authorize land uses of the underlying zoning district with increased setbacks from delineated wetlands and riparian corridors. Public Lands & Open Space 6.1: Forest Recreation and Open Space 6.1.1: Deductive Reasoning: Forest Recreation and Open Space are lands that are held in public ownership through Manistee Township, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources or the United States Forest Service. The lands are not available for development in the traditional sense. Development activities that occur on these lands are for passive and active recreation, which often takes the form of trails, water & land access sites and sport fields, courts or playgrounds. Map 10 displays the locations of lands that are under public ownership and are recommended for inclusion within this district. Legend Highways Roads 6.1.2: District Description: This district is intended to be a holding zone for lands owned and managed in public trust by the United States, Forest 0 D 1 Streams Water Bodies 2 - Public Lands 3 ,::, D 4 City/Township Boundary Adjacent Municipality Miles ´ Map 10: Public Lands and Open Space Map Section 6: Future Land Use Plan 42 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �Service, the State of Michigan and Manistee Township. The Township should support the forest management plans created and incorporated by both State and Federal agencies. Uses promoted within these lands should be primarily passive recreation in the form of camping, hiking, fishing, hunting and other similar type activities. In the event of the sale or trade of a public land within this district, the Planning Commission shall waive an application fee for the re-zoning of the property to a zoning district which aligns itself with neighboring districts and land uses. 6.1.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements: • No bulk requirements are recommended. Agriculture & Forest Preservation Features 6.1:4 Recommended Uses: • • • • • Passive and active recreation Trails and associated infrastructure Boat & watercraft riparian access and associated infrastructure Public camping facilities and associated infrastructure Park pavilions, playgrounds, courts and associated infrastructure. 6.2: Agriculture and Forest Preservation District (AFP 6.2.1: Deductive Reasoning: The existing AP-1 District contains areas within the Township with active agricultural activity and medium and lower density residential development. The existing district provisions allow for medium density residential development which may create sprawl in areas of agriculture. Through analysis of property assessments which allows isolation of active agriculture, coupled with parcel size analysis isolating parcels 20 acres or greater; the authors were able to identify areas that should be protected through appropriate agriculture and forest preservation densities. Map 11 displays locations of active agricultural lands greater than 20 acres and the existing boundaries of the AP-1 District. Legend Highways Streams Roads D Water Bodies 0 - D Agriculture Parcels 20 acres Existing AP-1 District 1 2 3 c::,City/Township Boundary D Adjacent Municipality ´ Miles 4 Map 11: Agriculture and Forest Pres. Features Analysis Map Recommended Agriculture and Forest Preservation 6.2.2: District Description: The AFP District contains and protects valuable farmland and forestry areas of the Township. The primary focus of these lands should be agricultural production with residential use being secondary. Large parcel sizes are recommended to maintain and promote farmland. Residential development is allowed through cluster development provisions with density bonuses, providing landowners the flexibility to maintain active farmland while also allowing limited and focused residential development upon a portion of a property. Map 12 provides the boundaries for the AFP District. 6.2.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements: - Legend Agriculuture and Forest Preservation • • Minimum parcel size of 20-40 acres Cluster development individual dwelling parcel size of 25,000 square feet to 2 acres 43 Roads 0 1 Airport_Runways D Highways 2 3 Water Bodies Streams Miles 4 ...... I.mi City/Township Boundary D Adjacent Municipality ´ Map 12: Recommended AFP District Boundary Section 6: Future Land Use Plan �• • Cluster development of 5 (new dwellings) per 40 acres (all located upon 10 acres or less) Allow existing or new farm home on remaining acreage to remain in agricultural production 6.2.4: Recommended Uses: • • • • • • • • Farming Operations Forestry Operations Agricultural Tourism Wineries, Cider Mills, Breweries and Distilleries Energy Extraction (Gas and Oil) Solar Energy and Ancillary Activities Single-Family Home Cluster Development (Encouraged through density bonuses) Passive and active recreation & associated infrastructure Commercial Features 6.3: Commercial District (C-1) 6.3.1: Deductive Reasoning: The existing commercial district is located along the US-31 corridor in the Southern portion of the Township. This area is serviced by both water and sewer infrastructure allowing for dense commercial development. The location of the Manistee Blacker Airport influences the expansion of this commercial district boundary as commercial uses are more harmonious with and supported by the Airport Overlay Safety Zones. Map 13 provides the base for analysis of parcels assessed as commercial, the location of water and sewer districts, the airport overlay safety zones and the existing C-1 Zoning District. Legend Highways Roads Streams Water Bodies Sewer District Water Districts 0 1 Commercial Parcels Airport Overlay Zones Existing C-1 District 2 3 Miles 4 City/Township Boundary Adjacent Municipality ´ Map 13: Commercial Features Analysis Map 6.3.2: District Description: This district is intended to provide for a variety of typical retail and service type businesses. Special uses will include certain businesses with outdoor storage, and regulations will seek to condition these businesses to appropriately display and screen outdoor storage when necessary. Residential uses shall be secondary to commercial uses. See map 14 for the recommended boundary of the Commercial District. Recommended Commercial L___ I I 6.3.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements: • Minimum parcel size of 15,000 square feet 6.3.4: Recommended Uses: • • • • All retail uses (adult entertainment and other like uses by special use permit) All service industry uses (including vehicle repair) (junk yards are allowable only by special use permit) All restaurant, eatery and drinking establishment uses All professional office uses Section 6: Future Land Use Plan Legend Commercial Highways Roads 0 44 1 D Airport_Runways City/Township Boundary Water Bodies Adjacent Municipality Streams 2 3 Miles 4 ´ Map 14: Recommended C-1 Boundary 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �6.4: Mixed Use District (M-1) 6.4.1: Deductive Reasoning: Recommended Mixed Use Parcel analysis of assessed uses of a commercial nature along with both high and medium density residential uses provide guidance to the siting of this district, when considered against the established commercial corridor of US-31. The presence of water and sewer in close proximity provide the services needed to develop increased density. This mixed use district combines density aligning to neighboring high density residential districts and also acts as a buffer to lower density country residential that exists further off of the corridor. This district replaces the existing Mixed Use, M-1 District, with a condensed version that is more flexible in a range of allowable commercial uses and residential uses (with higher density approved through special use permit). 6.4.2: District Description: Located around the commercial district, just off the US 31 corridor and adjacent to the existing Legend Mixed Use Airport_Runways City/Township Boundary higher density residential, are areas that are mixed use. Highways Water Bodies Adjacent Municipality This is a true mixed use district, that more closely Roads Streams Miles resembles a neighborhood commercial district with 0 1 2 3 4 allowances for some high density residential Map 15: Recommended M-1 Boundary (apartments/condos) through special use permit along with single-family home allowances, small retail and offices. More noxious commercial uses, such as gas stations and the like are either prohibited or approved only through a special use permit. See map 15 for the location of the M-1 District Boundary. ´ 6.4.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements: • Minimum parcel sizes of 25,000 - 45,000 square feet are recommended for this district. 6.4.4: Recommended Uses: • • • • • • Industrial Features All professional offices Limited retail (excluding gas stations and the like) Restaurants and Eateries (excluding fast food and drivethru restaurants) Professional service establishments of a non-noxious nature Residential dwellings (single-family by right, multi-family by special use) Planned Unit Development (by special use) 6.5: Industrial District (I-1) 6.5.1: Deductive Reasoning: Analysis of the existing I-1 District boundary overlaid with assessed Industrial parcels and water and sewer districts provides supporting data for the placement of the Industrial District (see map 16). The current boundary of the Industrial District is to be modified slightly to remove the lands that are under ownership of the United Stated Forest Service. 45 Legend Highways Roads Streams Water Bodies Sewer District Water Districts Industrial Parcels Exising I-1 District 0 1 City/Township Boundary Adjacent Municipality 2 3 Miles 4 ´ Map 16: Industrial Features Map Section 6: Future Land Use Plan �6.5.2: District Description: The Industrial District is composed of those areas of the Township whose principal use is or ought to be heavier types of manufacturing and other industrial uses. These uses may generate noise, glare, odor, dust, vibration, air and water pollutants, fire, explosive and radioactive hazards, and other harmful or obnoxious matter in amounts unsuitable for certain areas of the Township. This district has been located within the Township close to neighboring community industrial districts and industrial uses. The siting of the district seeks to protect adjacent agricultural, residential, and commercial areas from the encroachment of incompatible uses, and to lessen congestion on public streets and highways. To these ends, certain uses which would function more effectively in other districts and would interfere with the operation of these industrial activities and the purpose of this district, have been regulated as Special Land Uses or excluded. See map 17 for the recommended boundary. Recommended Industry - Legend Industry Highways 6.5.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements: • • Roads 0 Airport_Runways D Streams 1 2 ......i 1.... D Water Bodies 3 City/Township Boundary Adjacent Municipality ´ Miles 4 Map 17: Recommended I-1 Boundary 3 acre minimum if connected to a public sanitary sewer or an on-site sewage system is used for the disposal of only human waste and not a part of the industrial process. 5 acre minimum if an on-site sewage system is used for anything more than human waste 6.5.4: Recommended Uses: • • • • • • • • • Light manufacturing Municipal water treatment, public works garages Packaging of prepared materials Printing and similar uses Lumber yards Warehousing Contractor Yards Wholesale of goods Uses approved as similar in nature by the Zoning Board of Appeals High Density Residential Features 6.6: High Density Residential (R-1) 6.6.1: Deductive Reasoning: High density residential development is primarily located within the southwestern portion of the Township. These locations are suitable due to the proximity of employment, services and access to primary roads and highways. Analysis of the existing R-1 district along with identification of assessed residential parcels of 2 acres or less, overlaid with water and sewer districts provides a vision for directing higher density residential development (see map 18). Expansion of the high density residential district to capture parcels previously contained within the R-2 district is reasonable due to the nature of the size of the parcels and the density of the areas immediately outside of the established Section 6: Future Land Use Plan 46 Legend Highways Roads Streams Water Bodies Residential Parcels 2 acres or less Existing R-1 District Sewer District Water Districts 0 1 City/Township Boundary Adjacent Municipality 2 3 Miles 4 ´ Map 18: High Density Residential Features 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �high density residential district. Single and multifamily dwellings are included within the district in order to promote continued dense growth in these appropriate areas. Recommended High Density Residential 6.6.2: District Description: The High Density Residential District is designed to provide sites for single family residences on more compact lots than other residential districts. Non-residential uses permitted are limited in order to avoid future conflicts between land uses on relatively small lots. Special uses should include multi-family allowances with specific conditions that direct these uses to areas where they are serviced by both municipal water and sewer and are more closely situated to primary transportation corridors and employers. See map 19 for the recommended boundary of the R-1 district. 6.6.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements: • Legend Minimum parcel size of 15,000 square feet 0 6.6.4: Recommended Uses: • • • • • High Density Residential Airport_Runways City/Township Boundary Highways Water Bodies Adjacent Municipality Roads Streams 1 2 3 ´ Miles 4 Map 19: Recommended R-1 District Boundary Single-family residential dwellings Home Occupations Bed and Breakfast (by special use) Churches (by special use) Multi-family dwellings (by special use, connection to municipal water/sewer mandatory) 6.7: Medium Density Residential (R-2) Medium Density Residential Features 6.7.1: Deductive Reasoning: Analysis of assessed residential parcels that are greater than 2 acres and less than 10 acres provides a visual for the location of residential density which doesn’t meet the exact definition of low density, but is rural in nature and located outside of higher density residential areas (see map 20). These parcels are candidates to remain at their established size, but also could be allowed to split in order to create higher density. The R-2 District should buffer areas of high density residential development with medium density. This medium density should also be established in locations of critical dunes and high risk erosion where feasible with identified buildable area. 6.7.2: District Description: The R-2, Medium Density Residential District is designed to provide sites for single-family dwellings on slightly larger lot sizes than the R-1 District. Where appropriate municipal water and sewer infrastructure is available, multi-family dwellings should be permitted as a special use. See map 21 for the recommended district boundary. Legend D Highways Residential Parcels 2.1 to 10 acres 12,l Sewer District Roads Streams 1::zl Water Districts Water Bodies 0 1 City/Township Boundary Adjacent Municipality 2 3 4 Miles ´ Map 20: Medium Density Residential Features 47 Section 6: Future Land Use Plan �6.7.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements: • Recommended Medium Density Residential Minimum parcel size of 25,000 square feet 6.7.4: Recommended Uses: • • • • • • • • Single-family residential dwellings Home Occupations Bed and Breakfast (by special use) Churches (by special use) Multi-family dwellings Clinics (by special use) Vet Clinics (by special use) Retail Convenience Stores without gas pumps (by special use) 6.8: Country Residential and Rural Mixed Use (R-3) Legend D 6.8.1: Deductive Reasoning: Medium Density Residential Airport_Runways D Highways Water Bodies Roads Streams 0 1 2 Analysis shows many parcels that are of existing lower residential density (see map 22). Map 21: Areas outside of the high and medium residential districts and wetlands that are not assessed agricultural properties and have existing parcel sizes in Low Density the 10 acre range are ideally situated to be contained in Residential Features a Country Residential and Rural Mixed District. Currently much of the Township is contained within a “Mixed Use” district, that is really a medium density district with allowable rural mixed uses. Orderly growth should promote more density towards services, employment and existing dwelling density. Rural residential character is supported by the current 5 acre minimum parcel size. 3 ...... 1....1 City/Township Boundary D Adjacent Municipality ´ Miles 4 Recommended R-2 District Boundary 6.8.2: District Description: The R-3, Country Residential and Rural Mixed Use District is established to allow for the orderly growth of low density rural residential dwellings, with allowances for rural mixed uses that compliment the rural character of the Township. The district is a buffer between medium density residential districts and areas contained within the agriculture and forestry preservation district. This district should protect rural dwellings with larger parcel sizes and permit rural commercial uses that are compatible with the countryside. The recommended boundary for the R-3 is displayed on map 23. Legend 6.8.3: Recommended Bulk Requirements: • - ,::, Highways City/Township Boundary D Residential Parcels 10.1 acres or greater Roads Existing R-2 District D Adjacent Municipality Streams l'ZI Sewer District Miles D Water Bodies iz::a Water Districts 0 1 2 3 4 ´ Map 22: Low Density Residential Features Minimum parcel size of 5 acres Section 6: Future Land Use Plan 48 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �6.8.4: Recommended Uses: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Single-family residential dwellings Agricultural Operations Agricultural Storage Processing of Agricultural Products (by special use) Forestry Home Occupations Bed and Breakfast Churches Vet Clinics (by special use) Retail Convenience Stores without gas pumps (by special use) Planned Unit Development (by special use) Contractors Yard (Construction, Landscape) Agricultural Tourism Greenhouses Roadside Stands Wineries, Cider Mills, Breweries and Distilleries (by special use) Rental Cabins (by special use) Boarding Stables Recommended Country Residential and Rural Mixed Use Legend D Country Residential and Rural Mixed Use D Highways Roads 0 6.9: Airport Overlay District (AO) 1 Airport_Runways 2 3 Water Bodies Streams Miles 4 ...... I.mi City/Township Boundary D Adjacent Municipality ´ Map 23: Recommended R-3 District Boundary 6.9.1: Deductive Reasoning: Reoo.mmen.dedl Airpon Overlay The Federal Aviation Administration, the Michigan Aeronautics Commission and Michigan Department of Transportation have made recommendations to the manager of the Manistee Blacker Airport to institute an airport overlay zone. This overlay is necessary to ensure the safety of air traffic, further the Michigan Aeronautics Commission has created an airport approach plan for Manistee Blacker Airport. The airport approach plan created by the Michigan Aeronautics Commission for Manistee Blacker Airport is incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the airport approach plan is on file with Township staff and available for public inspection at the Manistee Township Hall. 6.9.2: District Description: The Airport Overlay Zone is located around the Manistee Blacker Airport and seeks to limit the height of towers and other features and uses that may present a hazard to airport operations not inconsistent with the recommendations provided in the airport approach plan. Please see the airport overlay map 24. Map 24: Recommended Airport Overlay Zone 49 Section 6: Future Land Use Plan �6.11: Wetland Overlay District (WO) □ Wetland & Floodplain Features 6.11.1: Deductive Reasoning: Existing wetland locations that are 5 acres or greater or connected to a surface water of the State fall under EGLE jurisdiction for permitting. Those wishing to develop within wetlands that meet this criteria must obtain a permit from the State of Michigan. The use of an overlay to convey the requirement for a permit from EGLE eases processing of permits as it identifies the high likelihood of the presence of wetlands within the area. See map 25. 6.11.2: District Description: The wetland overlay district identifies the location of wetlands that are 5 acres or greater in size. These wetlands are under the authority of the State of Michigan for activities that include filling, dredging, development or construction. The vast amount of wetlands which meet this criteria necessitate the utilization of an overlay district in order to allow flexibility of regulatory measures that rest within the underlying zoning district. The wetland overlay district doesn’t dictate parcel sizes, rather it identifies the need of the applicant to confirm with EGLE whether a permit is needed for a particular activity and establishes a setback from wetland areas and limits uses that may impact wetlands and associated surface waters. See map 26 for recommended wetland overlay boundary. Legend - c::, Highways Streams City/Township Boundary al Existing W-1 District Roads D Water Bodies D Wetlands 5 Acres D Adjacent Municipality Flood Zone A 0 1 2 Miles 4 3 ´ Map 25: Wetland and Floodplain Features Map I_ Recommended EGLE Identified Wetland Area Legend D Wetlands ≥ 5 Acres Airport_Runways Adjacent Municipality Highways Streams City/Township Boundary Roads 0 1 D 2 Water Bodies 3 Miles 4 ´ Map 26: Recommended Wetland Overlay Boundary Section 6: Future Land Use Plan 50 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �7: Future Land Use Map Manistee Township Future Land Use Map I I I 1 I I All Districts r -1- - 1--------· I I -- - I -1- -1- -1- -1I I Township Future Land Use Districts Agriculture and Forest Preservation Commercial D D CJ I..__..,, Water Bodies L _1 Parcels High Density Residential l!ZI Airport Overlay Safety Zones □ Wetland Overlay eOO LRBOI In United States Trust Medium Density Residential Manistee County Public Lands Mixed Use 0 D Rivers Country Residential and Rural Mixed Use Industry D g 1 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan Miles 2 Adjacent Townships East Lake Township Border ² 51 Section 7: Future Land Use Map �8: Zoning Plan & Matrix 8.1: Zoning Plan Elements Stormwater Development activities should meet the requirements of the Drain Commission Stormwater Guidelines. These regulatory measures are required for commercial, industrial and larger scale residential projects. Buffering (Uses) Vegetated buffering should be maintained/required in districts where commercial/industrial abut residential uses, as found within the Manistee Township Zoning Ordinance, 2009 as amended. Buffering (Water Protection) Vegetated buffers should be maintained along surface waters, streams and wetlands where accurately delineated. Signage Specific requirements which denote sign number, height, size and specifics for illumination (no flashing, strobing, flickering, etc.) as found within the Manistee Township Zoning Ordinance, 2009 as amended. Landscaping Landscaping requirements should be maintained as found within the Manistee Township Zoning Ordinance, 2009 as amended. Parking Outline requirements for off-street and shared parking and establish a maximum allowance to limit impervious surface area and promote pervious parking areas. Sidewalks Maintain existing and add sidewalks or preserve space where warranted along US31, commercial and high density residential land use districts. Lighting All lighting in Non-Residential Districts should be required to be full cut-off fixtures, directed downward that meet dark sky standards, and light must remain within parcel boundaries as found within the Manistee Township Zoning Ordinance, 2009 as amended. Utility Preservation Preserve utility easements along side and rear lot lines. Access/Connectivity Shared drives, frontage roads and connectivity of parcels along the US31 corridor should be encouraged. Seek to adopt access management standards in the Township Zoning Ordinance. Facade Materials Encouragement of complimentary and high quality building materials for facades (brick, hardy wood plank, vinyl) within the commercial and mixed use districts will allow for the built environment to be aesthetically pleasing as well as maintaining higher values. Section 8: Zoning Plan & Matrix 52 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan �8.2: Zoning Matrix The zoning matrix provides a concise method of displaying which regulatory measures and/or uses should be applied within a specific land use district. Check marks within the boxes of the matrix identify what districts and uses should be applied. Boxes which are empty are implied to not warrant those specific standards or uses. This matrix does not identify whether uses should be permitted or special, nor the specifications of the standards. This matrix is not meant to be all inclusive of every regulatory standard or use that should be placed within the zoning ordinance. Zoning Regulations Land Use Districts Density Limitations # ~ # I~ # I~ # ~ ~ Country Residential & Rural Mixed Use (R-3) ~ # I~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~# ~~ ~~ I~ # ~ ~ ~ ~ I~ ~~ I~ ~ ~ Wetland Overlay (WO) 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan Height Limitations ~ Medium Density Residential (R-2) Airport Overlay (AO) Landscaping # High Density Residential (R-1) Industrial (I-1) Signage ~ Commercial (C-1) Mixed Use (M-1) Buffer (Screening) Agriculture and Forest Preservation (AFP) Buffer (Water Quality) Lighting (Dark Sky) Facade Materials Access/Connectivity Home Occupation Sidewalks Placement Parking Standards Cluster Development Multi-Family Single-Family Planned Unit Development Forest Recreation and Open Space (ROS) ~ 53 Section 8: Zoning Plan & Matrix �Appendix A Manistee Township Fire Dept Equipment List 131 - 2020 Spartan Class A Engine, with 1500 gpm pump, 1250 gal on board tank, 575ft of 5" supply hose, 600ft of 2.5" supply hose, 200ft of portable 500gpm monitor pre connect, 4 150ft 1.75" pre connect hose with vindicator, piercing, and foam nozzles, 1000gpm deck gun (also portable), 100ft of pre connect 1.75" hose with foam, 1 2000kw portable generator with 2 portable lights and extension cord, portable low flow electric pump, 2 axes, 2 shovels, 2 brooms, 5 different types of fire extinguishers, 3 ice suits with complete gear for rescue, 2 swift water suits with complete gear for rescue (rope bags), 6 multi colored tarps, 2.5" 50ft reverse roll for high rise (2 story or more), 2 high rise 1.75" hose with combo fog to smooth bore nozzles, 1 complete hydrant bag, 3 rolls extra of 1.75" hose, 1 16" portable electric positive pressure fan, 2 low level 5" strainers with 27ft of hose, 1 ventilation saw, 1 stop/slow sign, 5 SCBA's complete with 5 spare bottles, 2 portable hand lights, 2 thermal imaging cameras, multiple fittings and connections to adapted to different hose configurations, 2 hose clamps, 3 chimney flares, 30 gal on board foam capacity, 1 extension ladder, 1 roof ladder, 1 folding attic ladder, 1 utility ladder, 2 pike poles, 1 new york hook, 3 portable radios, and 6 traffic cones. 133 - 1998 KME 75' steele straight stick ladder (quint) with a 1500 gpm pump, 500 gal on board tank, 575ft of 5" supply hose, 600 ft of 2.5" supply hose, 2 200ft of 2.5" pre connect hose with nozzles, 2 200 ft of 1.75" pre connect hose with nozzles, 1 100ft pre connect hose with nozzle, 1 2000kw portable generator with portable low flow electric pump, 2 axes, 2 shovels, 2 brooms, 2 different types of extinguishers, JAWS hyd pump with 4 tools, circular cutting saw, RIT kit, multiple throw bags of rescue rope, 1 stop/slow sign, 5 SCBA's complete with 5 spare bottles, 2 portable hand lights, 2 thermal imaging cameras, multiple fittings and connections to adapted to different hose configurations, 1 extension ladder, 2 roof ladder, 1 folding attic ladder, 1 smaller ladder, 2 pike poles, 1 electric exhaust fan, 2 high rise 1.75" hose with combo fog to smooth bore nozzles, 1 complete hydrant bag, 3 portable radios, and 6 traffic cones. 132 - 2007 Kenworth 3000-gal tender/tanker with 500gpm pump, 1 100ft 1.75" pre connect hose with nozzle, 200ft of 2.5" supply hose, 1 complete hydrant bag, 1 3000-gal portable tank, multiple fittings for connecting to different hose, 4" low level strainer with 20ft of suction hose, 1 portable hand light, 1 stop/slow sign, and 4 traffic cones. 134 - 2001 Freightliner 1500 gal tender/tanker with 1000gpm pump, 1 100ft 1.75" pre connect hose with nozzle, 1 pre connected foam eductor, 5 gals of foam, 100 ft of pre connect 2.5" hose, 575ft of 5" supply hose, 600ft of 2.5" of supply hose, 1 2000kw portable generator, 1 complete hydrant bag, 1 4" low level strainer with 20ft of hose, 1 2.5" float strainer with 20ft of hose, 1 250gpm portable water pump, multiple fittings for connecting to different hose, 1 hand light, 1 stop slow sign, and 4 traffic cones. 137 - 2005 Ford F350 brush truck with 75gpm pump and 300 gal on board tank, 6 wildland pre packed hose packs with 200ft of hose in each pack, 100ft 1" booster reel, 150' of 1.75" hose, 54 �200ft of 2.5" hose, wildland fire gear, 1 stop slow sign, 1 chain saw, 2 shovels, 2 brooms, 2 wildland tools, 12000lb electric winch (switch to front and back), and 4 traffic cones. 135R -1994 Chevy Suburban rescue rig with complete MFR equipment, 1 stop slow sign, 1 stair chair, and 3 traffic cones All trucks have mobile radios installed and at least one portable radio unless otherwise listed Station is 80ft by 80ft with 6each 11'7" tall by 10' garage doors, with 2 drive through, 1 7500kw portable generator, approx. 600ft of 3" supply hose, approx. 300ft of 1.75" hose, 2 base radio's (1 in training room, 1 in bay), 4 phone locations, 2 CPU’s (1 laptop, 1 tower both need updated), approx. 300ft of 2.5" supply hose, washer for fire gear only, double wash sink, scba filling station (can only fill low pressure bottles 2216psi), exhaust fan, 2 bathrooms (small septic tank and old), 5" water well, 1 refrigerator/freezer, 1 microwave, 1 small pizza oven, 1 on demand coffee maker, 1 drinking fountain, training room that holds 18 normally with seating and 6 tables (covid style about 9), approx. 4 extra folding tables, approx. 12 extra chairs, 3 portable benches, 1 training facility, and large parking area for approx. 50 to 75 cars (depending on time of year/snow) 55 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Manistee-Twp_Master-Plan_2021 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manistee Township Planning Commission, Manistee Township, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-12-09 Title A name given to the resource 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The 2020 Manistee Township Master Plan was prepared by the Manistee Township Planning Commission with assistance from the Manistee County Planning Department and was approved by the Township Board on December 9, 2021. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Manistee County Planning Department, Manistee County, Michigan (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Manistee Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e1e1bad8141c0af2c0d7b5007b966984.jpg 0438e9e3932e573c09417b40a911f8c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Manley collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Worthington , Jean Allaine , b. 1928 Description An account of the resource A collection of letters and photographs from Edward "Ned" Manley, a soldier in the U.S. Army, and his girlfriend Jean Worthington, a teenage schoolgirl in Cleveland, Ohio, dating from 1945-1946. The content of Jean's letters describes everyday life of a teenage schoolgirl living in Cleveland, Ohio, with her parents during the war, including frequent mentions of friends, popular songs, movies, pets, and cooking, and visits to Edward's family, and her love for Edward. Edward's letters to Jean mostly concentrate on sentiments of love and the hope of marriage after the war. He also describes experiences and duties as he undergoes training with a variety of weapons and ordnance, his singing with a USO show, requests for transfer to the U.S. Army Air Corps, his volunteering for parachute infantry training, and descriptions of Nagoya during the American occupation of Japan. Both correspondents mention the anniversary of their first meeting (27 August 1943), and often use the word "Someday" in quotation marks which seems to refer to the then-popular song "Someday You'll Want Me to Want You." There is constant good-natured joking from both about the 28 children they will have once they are married. ean ("Jeannie") Allaine Worthington was born on 1 November 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. Her parents were Archibald ("Archie") Augusta Worthington (1896-1979), a tool worker, and Lena L. Fritchell (1904-1985); she had one younger sister, Shirley C. Worthington (1934-2012). In 1945 and 1946 she was living with her parents at 14247 Superior Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. She met Edward Manley on 27 August 1943 in Cleveland when she was 14 and he was 16, but it does not seem likely they attended the same school. During 1945 she was attending high school and had a job after school. There is no evidence that they subsequently married; in Cleveland in 1971 or 1972 she married John Krasnicki, Sr. (1906-1986), who was twenty-two years her senior. She died on 8 September 1994 in Garfield Heights and is buried in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. Edward ("Ned") Arthur Manley was born on 25 December 1926 in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. His parents were Patrick Sanfield Manley (1895-1952), advertising manager for a Cleveland newspaper and Leonarda Gallagher Manley (1896-1970); he had five siblings: Edith Manley McNamara (1928-1958), John Vincent (1930-1988), Narda Patricia Daly (1931-2007), Alicia Ann Gramuglia (1932-2006), and Patrick A. (1934-2011). The family emigrated from Canada to the United States in the 1930s and by 1940 were living in Cleveland. Edward Manley enlisted in the U.S. Army as Private on 15 February 1945 in Cleveland; that same day he entrained for the Army Reception Center at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. In late February he had been assigned to Company B, 30th Battalion, 3rd Regiment at the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Fort McClellan, Alabama. A request to be transferred to the Army Air Corps was turned down. After a twelve-day furlough, Edward was transferred in late July to Company B-1-1, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 3 at Fort Riley, Kansas for a few days before being passed on to 3rd Platoon, Company M, 4th Regiment, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 2 at Fort Ord, California. In early August he was placed in 1st Platoon, Casual Company 12 in preparation for shipping out to Japan for occupation duties. By 13 September he was in Luzon in the Philippines as part of the 666 Replacement Company, A.P.O. 291, shortly to be assigned to Battery B, 8th Field Artillery Battalion, A.P.O. 25. Edward arrived in Japan in early October and was assigned to an antitank Company in the 27th Infantry Regiment. By the end of June 1946 he was still in Japan, but he repeats a rumor that they would be coming back the United States in October 1946. Manley was discharged in October 1946 and returned to California to find that Jean was engaged to be married to a man named "Shorty." Manley lost contact with Jean shortly thereafter. By 1952 he had moved to Los Angeles, California and at some point married Antoinette T. Manley (born 1940). They had one son, Darren Anthony Manley (born 1984). Edward applied for naturalization on 17 May 1945 in Anniston, Alabama while he was stationed at Fort McClellan, and became a U.S. citizen on 19 May 1945. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945/1946 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945 Military education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward "Ned" Manley in Army uniform, circa 1945 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Description An account of the resource Photograph of Edward "Ned" Manley standing in front of a bush in Army uniform Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Photographs United States. Army World War, 1939-1945 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116_Manley_photo-006 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/65961c4fce692325032f9a2fa631d0b3.pdf 5a809fd73df9a637972a23ba05a88c1d PDF Text Text �� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/260a38bb14b8c7320c0590e745e88e59.pdf 7d23c595031733278587ed2f169c82fe PDF Text Text [Manley 001] [Page 1] [printed text:] Cleveland's Public Square, 4.4 acres in the heart of the business section. It was laid out in the original plan of the city conceived by its founder, General Moses Cleaveland in 1796. This view shows the new Union Terminal Group on the southwest corner. The Soldiers and Sailors Monument, a Civil War memorial, occupies the center of the southeast section. [15 Feb 1945] Dearest Jean-I’m riding on the train to Camp Atterbury in Indiana. I’ll only be there two or three days. I’ll send along my address as soon as I have an address. Ned “Someday” [address] Miss Jean Worthington 14247 Superior Rd. Cleveland Hts. (18) Ohio. [Page 2] [picture postcard image of Public Square and Union Terminal Tower, Cleveland, Ohio] � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Manley collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Worthington , Jean Allaine , b. 1928 Description An account of the resource A collection of letters and photographs from Edward "Ned" Manley, a soldier in the U.S. Army, and his girlfriend Jean Worthington, a teenage schoolgirl in Cleveland, Ohio, dating from 1945-1946. The content of Jean's letters describes everyday life of a teenage schoolgirl living in Cleveland, Ohio, with her parents during the war, including frequent mentions of friends, popular songs, movies, pets, and cooking, and visits to Edward's family, and her love for Edward. Edward's letters to Jean mostly concentrate on sentiments of love and the hope of marriage after the war. He also describes experiences and duties as he undergoes training with a variety of weapons and ordnance, his singing with a USO show, requests for transfer to the U.S. Army Air Corps, his volunteering for parachute infantry training, and descriptions of Nagoya during the American occupation of Japan. Both correspondents mention the anniversary of their first meeting (27 August 1943), and often use the word "Someday" in quotation marks which seems to refer to the then-popular song "Someday You'll Want Me to Want You." There is constant good-natured joking from both about the 28 children they will have once they are married. ean ("Jeannie") Allaine Worthington was born on 1 November 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. Her parents were Archibald ("Archie") Augusta Worthington (1896-1979), a tool worker, and Lena L. Fritchell (1904-1985); she had one younger sister, Shirley C. Worthington (1934-2012). In 1945 and 1946 she was living with her parents at 14247 Superior Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. She met Edward Manley on 27 August 1943 in Cleveland when she was 14 and he was 16, but it does not seem likely they attended the same school. During 1945 she was attending high school and had a job after school. There is no evidence that they subsequently married; in Cleveland in 1971 or 1972 she married John Krasnicki, Sr. (1906-1986), who was twenty-two years her senior. She died on 8 September 1994 in Garfield Heights and is buried in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. Edward ("Ned") Arthur Manley was born on 25 December 1926 in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. His parents were Patrick Sanfield Manley (1895-1952), advertising manager for a Cleveland newspaper and Leonarda Gallagher Manley (1896-1970); he had five siblings: Edith Manley McNamara (1928-1958), John Vincent (1930-1988), Narda Patricia Daly (1931-2007), Alicia Ann Gramuglia (1932-2006), and Patrick A. (1934-2011). The family emigrated from Canada to the United States in the 1930s and by 1940 were living in Cleveland. Edward Manley enlisted in the U.S. Army as Private on 15 February 1945 in Cleveland; that same day he entrained for the Army Reception Center at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. In late February he had been assigned to Company B, 30th Battalion, 3rd Regiment at the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Fort McClellan, Alabama. A request to be transferred to the Army Air Corps was turned down. After a twelve-day furlough, Edward was transferred in late July to Company B-1-1, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 3 at Fort Riley, Kansas for a few days before being passed on to 3rd Platoon, Company M, 4th Regiment, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 2 at Fort Ord, California. In early August he was placed in 1st Platoon, Casual Company 12 in preparation for shipping out to Japan for occupation duties. By 13 September he was in Luzon in the Philippines as part of the 666 Replacement Company, A.P.O. 291, shortly to be assigned to Battery B, 8th Field Artillery Battalion, A.P.O. 25. Edward arrived in Japan in early October and was assigned to an antitank Company in the 27th Infantry Regiment. By the end of June 1946 he was still in Japan, but he repeats a rumor that they would be coming back the United States in October 1946. Manley was discharged in October 1946 and returned to California to find that Jean was engaged to be married to a man named "Shorty." Manley lost contact with Jean shortly thereafter. By 1952 he had moved to Los Angeles, California and at some point married Antoinette T. Manley (born 1940). They had one son, Darren Anthony Manley (born 1984). Edward applied for naturalization on 17 May 1945 in Anniston, Alabama while he was stationed at Fort McClellan, and became a U.S. citizen on 19 May 1945. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945/1946 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945 Military education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116 Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116_Manley_001_19450215 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-02-15 Title A name given to the resource Postcard to Jean Worthington by Edward "Ned" Manley, February 15, 1945. Description An account of the resource Postcard to Jean Worthington by Edward "Ned" Manley, February 15, 1945. Postcard features an image of the Public Square and Union Terminal Tower, Cleveland, Ohio. Manley notes he is travelling to Camp Atterbury in Indiana. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href=" https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href=" http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence Military education United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/16f94c1fcc4cf7847ddb0b8143f0321c.pdf 465875b857dfc1a34576c1f56fcb8dc3 PDF Text Text ��� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f9d3f29e2dbcba18e21fd5436bfb0af1.pdf bcd0fc3c70121c68641056e5a12f4ad0 PDF Text Text [Manley 002] [Page 1] February 15, 1945 7:30 P.M. Sweetheart, I’m riding on a train to Camp Atterbury in Indiana. It’s a very bumpy train as my writing will show. Gee, but you looked swell when I saw you at the Station. You’re the most beautiful and the most wonderful girl in the world. “Someday” we’re going to have our own little home just as we’ve dreamed about and planned. “The train has stopped” If you write to me before I send you my permanent address, don’t mail the letter to the address on the envelope on the card I sent you. They might not reach me. I love you sweetest, dearest Jeannie [Page 2] 2. more than anything else in the whole wide world for always, forever, eternally and everything else. Just be mine for always darling for I’ll always be yours. Please take care of yourself. I wouldn’t know what to do if I ever lost you. Well tomorrow, we get a lecture, some shots, probably a physical exam, and our uniforms. I’ll be quite busy for the next week. We’ll get classification tests. I hope I can get into the air corps. Be a good girl sweetheart, and don’t ever forget that I’ll be loving you dearest, Always-Ned P.S. “SOMEDAY” Goodnight Sweetheart. See you in Dreamland. [envelope] [return address] Pvt. Edward A. Manley – 35858080 Army Reception Center Camp Atterbury, Indiana [postmark] �Indianapolis Feb 16 1945 11-AM [address] Miss Jean Worthington 14247 Superior Rd. Cleveland Hts, (18), Ohio � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Manley collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Worthington , Jean Allaine , b. 1928 Description An account of the resource A collection of letters and photographs from Edward "Ned" Manley, a soldier in the U.S. Army, and his girlfriend Jean Worthington, a teenage schoolgirl in Cleveland, Ohio, dating from 1945-1946. The content of Jean's letters describes everyday life of a teenage schoolgirl living in Cleveland, Ohio, with her parents during the war, including frequent mentions of friends, popular songs, movies, pets, and cooking, and visits to Edward's family, and her love for Edward. Edward's letters to Jean mostly concentrate on sentiments of love and the hope of marriage after the war. He also describes experiences and duties as he undergoes training with a variety of weapons and ordnance, his singing with a USO show, requests for transfer to the U.S. Army Air Corps, his volunteering for parachute infantry training, and descriptions of Nagoya during the American occupation of Japan. Both correspondents mention the anniversary of their first meeting (27 August 1943), and often use the word "Someday" in quotation marks which seems to refer to the then-popular song "Someday You'll Want Me to Want You." There is constant good-natured joking from both about the 28 children they will have once they are married. ean ("Jeannie") Allaine Worthington was born on 1 November 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. Her parents were Archibald ("Archie") Augusta Worthington (1896-1979), a tool worker, and Lena L. Fritchell (1904-1985); she had one younger sister, Shirley C. Worthington (1934-2012). In 1945 and 1946 she was living with her parents at 14247 Superior Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. She met Edward Manley on 27 August 1943 in Cleveland when she was 14 and he was 16, but it does not seem likely they attended the same school. During 1945 she was attending high school and had a job after school. There is no evidence that they subsequently married; in Cleveland in 1971 or 1972 she married John Krasnicki, Sr. (1906-1986), who was twenty-two years her senior. She died on 8 September 1994 in Garfield Heights and is buried in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. Edward ("Ned") Arthur Manley was born on 25 December 1926 in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. His parents were Patrick Sanfield Manley (1895-1952), advertising manager for a Cleveland newspaper and Leonarda Gallagher Manley (1896-1970); he had five siblings: Edith Manley McNamara (1928-1958), John Vincent (1930-1988), Narda Patricia Daly (1931-2007), Alicia Ann Gramuglia (1932-2006), and Patrick A. (1934-2011). The family emigrated from Canada to the United States in the 1930s and by 1940 were living in Cleveland. Edward Manley enlisted in the U.S. Army as Private on 15 February 1945 in Cleveland; that same day he entrained for the Army Reception Center at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. In late February he had been assigned to Company B, 30th Battalion, 3rd Regiment at the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Fort McClellan, Alabama. A request to be transferred to the Army Air Corps was turned down. After a twelve-day furlough, Edward was transferred in late July to Company B-1-1, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 3 at Fort Riley, Kansas for a few days before being passed on to 3rd Platoon, Company M, 4th Regiment, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 2 at Fort Ord, California. In early August he was placed in 1st Platoon, Casual Company 12 in preparation for shipping out to Japan for occupation duties. By 13 September he was in Luzon in the Philippines as part of the 666 Replacement Company, A.P.O. 291, shortly to be assigned to Battery B, 8th Field Artillery Battalion, A.P.O. 25. Edward arrived in Japan in early October and was assigned to an antitank Company in the 27th Infantry Regiment. By the end of June 1946 he was still in Japan, but he repeats a rumor that they would be coming back the United States in October 1946. Manley was discharged in October 1946 and returned to California to find that Jean was engaged to be married to a man named "Shorty." Manley lost contact with Jean shortly thereafter. By 1952 he had moved to Los Angeles, California and at some point married Antoinette T. Manley (born 1940). They had one son, Darren Anthony Manley (born 1984). Edward applied for naturalization on 17 May 1945 in Anniston, Alabama while he was stationed at Fort McClellan, and became a U.S. citizen on 19 May 1945. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945/1946 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945 Military education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116 Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116_Manley_002_19450215 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-02-15 Title A name given to the resource Letter to Jean Worthington by Edward "Ned" Manley, February 15, 1945. Description An account of the resource Letter to Jean Worthington by Edward "Ned" Manley, February 15, 1945. Manley notes he is on the train to Camp Atterbury in Indiana. That tomorrow he will get a lecture, shots, a physical exam, and a uniform. Classification tests will be given, and he hopes for a place in the air corps. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href=" https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href=" http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence Military education United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b7b59af75a62afd133c41d2298e2e97e.pdf d1efc3cc7feba00c55b230529c56c59b PDF Text Text ��� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1548891c76bf3d655897971e55c93702.pdf 5d0994e4c5c496b81b4396ae56c376c4 PDF Text Text [Manley 003] [Page 1] February 16, 1945 8:45 PM My dearest Jeannie-Gee but it’s so awful lonely here. I’m sitting down writing this letter on my cot. We got our uniforms today. I look terrible. We also had two shots, a physical exam, and a blood type test. Oh my darling, I love you, ever so much. More than anything else in the whole wide world_ for always, forever, eternally and everything else. I think you’re wonderful Jean. The most wonderful and the most beautiful girl in the whole wide world. I still carry your picture with me as I did before I went away. Now I have 4 pictures of you. And by the way, your picture is going to get a good night kiss from me. Gee but I wish it could only be [Page 2] 2. you. I love you so darn much. I am afraid I’ll have to doze now Jean. Lights out is at 9:00 P.M. We get up at 4:45 A.M. Take care of yourself dearest. We’re gonna have our “Someday” Gee, it’ll be so wonderful. I’ll write you again tomorrow. Don’t worry about me. I’m O.K. Just love me always. That’s all I ask. Be a good girl darling. I’ll see you in Dreamland. Goodnight sweetheart-I’ll be loving you Always, Ned P.S. Say hello to the family and the rest. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Manley collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Worthington , Jean Allaine , b. 1928 Description An account of the resource A collection of letters and photographs from Edward "Ned" Manley, a soldier in the U.S. Army, and his girlfriend Jean Worthington, a teenage schoolgirl in Cleveland, Ohio, dating from 1945-1946. The content of Jean's letters describes everyday life of a teenage schoolgirl living in Cleveland, Ohio, with her parents during the war, including frequent mentions of friends, popular songs, movies, pets, and cooking, and visits to Edward's family, and her love for Edward. Edward's letters to Jean mostly concentrate on sentiments of love and the hope of marriage after the war. He also describes experiences and duties as he undergoes training with a variety of weapons and ordnance, his singing with a USO show, requests for transfer to the U.S. Army Air Corps, his volunteering for parachute infantry training, and descriptions of Nagoya during the American occupation of Japan. Both correspondents mention the anniversary of their first meeting (27 August 1943), and often use the word "Someday" in quotation marks which seems to refer to the then-popular song "Someday You'll Want Me to Want You." There is constant good-natured joking from both about the 28 children they will have once they are married. ean ("Jeannie") Allaine Worthington was born on 1 November 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. Her parents were Archibald ("Archie") Augusta Worthington (1896-1979), a tool worker, and Lena L. Fritchell (1904-1985); she had one younger sister, Shirley C. Worthington (1934-2012). In 1945 and 1946 she was living with her parents at 14247 Superior Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. She met Edward Manley on 27 August 1943 in Cleveland when she was 14 and he was 16, but it does not seem likely they attended the same school. During 1945 she was attending high school and had a job after school. There is no evidence that they subsequently married; in Cleveland in 1971 or 1972 she married John Krasnicki, Sr. (1906-1986), who was twenty-two years her senior. She died on 8 September 1994 in Garfield Heights and is buried in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. Edward ("Ned") Arthur Manley was born on 25 December 1926 in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. His parents were Patrick Sanfield Manley (1895-1952), advertising manager for a Cleveland newspaper and Leonarda Gallagher Manley (1896-1970); he had five siblings: Edith Manley McNamara (1928-1958), John Vincent (1930-1988), Narda Patricia Daly (1931-2007), Alicia Ann Gramuglia (1932-2006), and Patrick A. (1934-2011). The family emigrated from Canada to the United States in the 1930s and by 1940 were living in Cleveland. Edward Manley enlisted in the U.S. Army as Private on 15 February 1945 in Cleveland; that same day he entrained for the Army Reception Center at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. In late February he had been assigned to Company B, 30th Battalion, 3rd Regiment at the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Fort McClellan, Alabama. A request to be transferred to the Army Air Corps was turned down. After a twelve-day furlough, Edward was transferred in late July to Company B-1-1, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 3 at Fort Riley, Kansas for a few days before being passed on to 3rd Platoon, Company M, 4th Regiment, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 2 at Fort Ord, California. In early August he was placed in 1st Platoon, Casual Company 12 in preparation for shipping out to Japan for occupation duties. By 13 September he was in Luzon in the Philippines as part of the 666 Replacement Company, A.P.O. 291, shortly to be assigned to Battery B, 8th Field Artillery Battalion, A.P.O. 25. Edward arrived in Japan in early October and was assigned to an antitank Company in the 27th Infantry Regiment. By the end of June 1946 he was still in Japan, but he repeats a rumor that they would be coming back the United States in October 1946. Manley was discharged in October 1946 and returned to California to find that Jean was engaged to be married to a man named "Shorty." Manley lost contact with Jean shortly thereafter. By 1952 he had moved to Los Angeles, California and at some point married Antoinette T. Manley (born 1940). They had one son, Darren Anthony Manley (born 1984). Edward applied for naturalization on 17 May 1945 in Anniston, Alabama while he was stationed at Fort McClellan, and became a U.S. citizen on 19 May 1945. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945/1946 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945 Military education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116 Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116_Manley_003_19450216 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-02-16 Title A name given to the resource Letter to Jean Worthington by Edward "Ned" Manley, February 16, 1945. Description An account of the resource Letter to Jean Worthington by Edward "Ned" Manley, February 16, 1945. Manley notes that he got his uniform, two vaccinations, a physical exam, and a blood type test. He also notes that lights out is at 9:00 P.M. and they start the day at 4:45 A.M. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href=" https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href=" http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence Military education United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/578eff42ae317e32636eafab5910034c.pdf d30caf4dd04a79eee9b840691eabbaf1 PDF Text Text �� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8a03b304a4abdbe90db13fbfad59251b.pdf 7ac84ff164f91b0a38196ad088d39196 PDF Text Text [Manley 004] [Page 1] [letterhead: CAMP ATTERBURY Atterbury, Indiana] February 17, 1945 11:20 A.M. Dearest Jeannie, Gee, darling, I miss you so darn much. I’m thinking of you all the time. Today we had our classification tests. If I passed them I might have a chance to go to school for awhile to become a radio operator or an officer. Sweetheart, I love you, more than anything in the whole wide world. You mean, oh ever so much to me darling. If you want to you can write to me. If I’m gone before it gets here, it will be forwarded to my next base. I’ll try to call you as soon as I can. I just called my mother. It was swell taking to her. I’ll have to go now darling. Be good and take care of yourself cause I’ll be loving you always Ned P.S. “Someday” [letterhead: Written at the TELEPHONE ROOM] � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Manley collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Worthington , Jean Allaine , b. 1928 Description An account of the resource A collection of letters and photographs from Edward "Ned" Manley, a soldier in the U.S. Army, and his girlfriend Jean Worthington, a teenage schoolgirl in Cleveland, Ohio, dating from 1945-1946. The content of Jean's letters describes everyday life of a teenage schoolgirl living in Cleveland, Ohio, with her parents during the war, including frequent mentions of friends, popular songs, movies, pets, and cooking, and visits to Edward's family, and her love for Edward. Edward's letters to Jean mostly concentrate on sentiments of love and the hope of marriage after the war. He also describes experiences and duties as he undergoes training with a variety of weapons and ordnance, his singing with a USO show, requests for transfer to the U.S. Army Air Corps, his volunteering for parachute infantry training, and descriptions of Nagoya during the American occupation of Japan. Both correspondents mention the anniversary of their first meeting (27 August 1943), and often use the word "Someday" in quotation marks which seems to refer to the then-popular song "Someday You'll Want Me to Want You." There is constant good-natured joking from both about the 28 children they will have once they are married. ean ("Jeannie") Allaine Worthington was born on 1 November 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. Her parents were Archibald ("Archie") Augusta Worthington (1896-1979), a tool worker, and Lena L. Fritchell (1904-1985); she had one younger sister, Shirley C. Worthington (1934-2012). In 1945 and 1946 she was living with her parents at 14247 Superior Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. She met Edward Manley on 27 August 1943 in Cleveland when she was 14 and he was 16, but it does not seem likely they attended the same school. During 1945 she was attending high school and had a job after school. There is no evidence that they subsequently married; in Cleveland in 1971 or 1972 she married John Krasnicki, Sr. (1906-1986), who was twenty-two years her senior. She died on 8 September 1994 in Garfield Heights and is buried in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. Edward ("Ned") Arthur Manley was born on 25 December 1926 in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. His parents were Patrick Sanfield Manley (1895-1952), advertising manager for a Cleveland newspaper and Leonarda Gallagher Manley (1896-1970); he had five siblings: Edith Manley McNamara (1928-1958), John Vincent (1930-1988), Narda Patricia Daly (1931-2007), Alicia Ann Gramuglia (1932-2006), and Patrick A. (1934-2011). The family emigrated from Canada to the United States in the 1930s and by 1940 were living in Cleveland. Edward Manley enlisted in the U.S. Army as Private on 15 February 1945 in Cleveland; that same day he entrained for the Army Reception Center at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. In late February he had been assigned to Company B, 30th Battalion, 3rd Regiment at the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Fort McClellan, Alabama. A request to be transferred to the Army Air Corps was turned down. After a twelve-day furlough, Edward was transferred in late July to Company B-1-1, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 3 at Fort Riley, Kansas for a few days before being passed on to 3rd Platoon, Company M, 4th Regiment, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 2 at Fort Ord, California. In early August he was placed in 1st Platoon, Casual Company 12 in preparation for shipping out to Japan for occupation duties. By 13 September he was in Luzon in the Philippines as part of the 666 Replacement Company, A.P.O. 291, shortly to be assigned to Battery B, 8th Field Artillery Battalion, A.P.O. 25. Edward arrived in Japan in early October and was assigned to an antitank Company in the 27th Infantry Regiment. By the end of June 1946 he was still in Japan, but he repeats a rumor that they would be coming back the United States in October 1946. Manley was discharged in October 1946 and returned to California to find that Jean was engaged to be married to a man named "Shorty." Manley lost contact with Jean shortly thereafter. By 1952 he had moved to Los Angeles, California and at some point married Antoinette T. Manley (born 1940). They had one son, Darren Anthony Manley (born 1984). Edward applied for naturalization on 17 May 1945 in Anniston, Alabama while he was stationed at Fort McClellan, and became a U.S. citizen on 19 May 1945. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945/1946 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945 Military education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116 Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-116_Manley_004_19450217 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manley, Edward Arthur, b. 1926 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-02-17 Title A name given to the resource Letter to Jean Worthington by Edward "Ned" Manley, February 17, 1945. Description An account of the resource Letter to Jean Worthington by Edward "Ned" Manley, February 17, 1945. Manley notes that he has taken his classification test. That if he has passed, he could go to school for a while to become a radio operator or an officer. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href=" https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/659">Edward Manley and Jean Worthington letters (RHC-116)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href=" http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Cleveland (Ohio) Correspondence Military education United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945