442 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/957d846cb6afc43f374f84ec0da92df3.pdf 14f5e427167a3493c644298796c4bd02 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB201 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 201] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-04-09 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, April 9 and 11, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9f6234cea1440561c056fe060c8654ee.pdf 0e2c8f1f16109d1977606e34edee63cc PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB202 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 202] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-04-17 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, April 17 and 18, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a416a6ea240c12613561f872a9570838.pdf e033d3536ba340f4a48061d21ef6e036 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB203 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 203] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-04-25 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, April 25, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2a86def64d279b2af5efef126db95035.pdf 7ed3d33c0c9f0ac6eb60cf7f0ccd4a67 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB204 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 204] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-04-26 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, April 26 and 27, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cfc77aa030cf63b9518f309920effa5b.pdf 597a15046291adbb2dd8ffbb59a15aaf PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB205 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 205] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-04-28 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, April 28, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c961ec5324262b84c24771d8ce075aba.pdf 77f592fbaf2f70a2f163e842bca8d3f2 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB206 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 206] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-05-06 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, May 6, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/169655963951fdf186c9451c8295bccb.pdf 87c1b577b1d62e746328a2a0d6fed0f7 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB207 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 207] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-05-19 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, May 19, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0cd287c69200b76d9f48d0993b947149.pdf 6f91a3cb58223bc5a8722273a79d9d6f PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB208 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 208] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-05-21 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, May 21, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/27af3de34c4c29f854cead367cd49953.pdf e549778dce4165d961b1ed2555884f5e PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51) </a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Civil War correspondence and diaries, (RHC-43)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-43_JB209 Title A name given to the resource John Bennitt to his wife [Letter 209] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-06-13 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bennitt, John Description An account of the resource Correspondence from surgeon John Bennitt of Centreville, Michigan to his wife Charlotte, June 13, 1865. During this time, Bennitt takes his medical exams in Cincinnati and visits his family in Centreville. He is sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where his regiment is engaged in the Carolinas campaign. Confederates surrender and the 19th Michigan is transported to Detroit where they are mustered out in June. This group of letters is transcribed and footnoted in Chapter 9 of I Hope to Do My Country Service. Subject The topic of the resource Bennitt, John United States. Army. Michigan Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1865) Surgeons Correspondence United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Medical care United States. Army. Corps, 20th Michigan Ohio South Carolina Georgia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Relation A related resource I Hope to Do My Country Service: the Civil War letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry, part of collection with diaries published by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5f80a5c9e27a565f71eadced2c4e2526.pdf 1d456f6a7a8994d8c704e50c0b22835a PDF Text Text Young Lords In Lincoln Park Interviewee: John Boelter Interviewers: José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 8/20/2012 Biography and Description John Boelter was one of the Chicago Teachers Union members on strike in September 1968 at Waller High School, known today by its new name, Lincoln Park High. Today he is a Professor of Biology at Chicago State University. In 1968, a prominent Young Lord, Ralph “Spaghetti” Rivera returned from Puerto Rico and subleased a room from Dr. Boelter. Mr. Rivera, who grew up in Lakeview, wanted to be closer to the Young Lords who were then hanging out in front of the Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church which later to become the People’s Church, on the corner of Dayton Street and Armitage Avenue. In Puerto Rico, Mr. Rivera had been hanging out with M.P.I. (Movimiento Pro Independencia) and F.U.P.I. (Federacion Universitaria Pro Independencia) their student auxiliary, at University of Puerto Rico campus in Rio Piedras. He was going through a political transformation. Upon arriving in Chicago, Mr. Rivera soon discovered that his Young Lords colleagues were also going through a transformation. They had been reorganized once again by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez and the members were struggling with each other on whether to remain apolitical as just a gang or to become a human rights movement. Mr. Rivera joined in fully to help Mr. Jiménez, and they together designed the original Young Lords button that read, “Tengo Puerto Rico En Mi Corazón ( I have Puerto Rico in my heart) with a green map of Puerto Rico in the center, and a brown arm and fist holding a rifle. The initials YLO, which stood for “Young Lords Organization,” was at the bottom. They had added organization to their name, to make it �clear that they were now involved in a class struggle, fighting for Latinos, the poor, and for Puerto Rican self-determination. Mr. Rivera became one of the Young Lords’ first P.E. (political education) class teachers, as these sessions were being held in the different homes of members including. LP Records of speeches by Malcom X, Fidel Castro, Don Pedro Albizu Campos, Mao Tse Tung’s Little Red Book, the National Question, Panther films, and Saul Alinsky strategies were being used as tools for study. It was in Mr. Boelter’s and Mr. Rivera’s house where Chicago Black Panther Party Chairman Fred Hampton and the Panthers first arrived on Dayton and Armitage. They were led from the corner to the house to meet Dr. Boelter, Mr. Rivera, Mr. Jiménez, and the Young Lords. The Black Panthers broke bread and drank Wild Irish Rose (Fred Hampton did not drink or use drugs) on ice, smoked some weed, and joked a little, cementing a relationship that has lasted to this day. On a different day within a few weeks at the same location, it was informally agreed to join together with the Young Patriots. BPP Field Marshall Bob Lee was working with them. The three groups, who were already major players within their own communities, became the original members of the alliance known as the Rainbow Coalition. This was followed by several press conferences announcing the Rainbow Coalition, including one where Congressman Bobby Rush, appears in a photo with the Young Lords, Young Patriots and other Black Panthers but where Mr. Jiménez and Mr. Hampton were unable to be present. The Rainbow Coalition was strongly woven together to the credit of the organizations that took part in it. They all were committed and followed the same vanguard ideology of the BPP. But it is significant to note that the Rainbow Coalition was more symbolic than a structured organization. It was the mass way for all the grassroots organizations to find common ground and to join together for support of each other’s struggles, and it soon spread to other movements and groups like Rising Up Angry, the Intercommunal Survival Committees, Red Guard, Brown Berets, S.D.S. and many other groups in many cities. After the Young Lords went underground and the Puerto Rican and low income residents of Lincoln Park were completely removed by Mayor Richard J. Daley and his patronage machine, Dr. Boelter moved south to Morgan Park. Dr. Boelter also joined the Progressive Labor Party. The Progressive Labor Party had left the Communist Party years before, because their belief was that “they want to skip the Dictatorship of the Proletariat and go right into utopia.” They are against racism and respect workers, but do not want to cling on to leaders or unions, preferring to organize the masses. They have been accused of “catering more to the petty bourgeoisie and the aristocracy of labor.” Then they rejected the Black Panthers and Young Lords use of Nationalism as an important step. They also had become part of S.D.S. and by 1969 were their largest faction. Dr. Boelter today is still a member. These political discussions on all sides were part of the Lincoln Park era in the late 60s and 70s. �Transcript JOSE JIMENEZ: Okay, John, if you can give me your full name and your date of birth and where you were born. JOHN BOELTER: Sure. My name is John Boelter. I was born May 15, 1942 so I’m 70 years old this year. I was born in Des Moines, Iowa. Did I answer all those questions? JJ: That’s right, you did good. So were your parents’ name and that? JB: Yeah, my parents are both deceased. [Fred?] Boelter was my father and [Margaret?] Boelter my mother. JJ: And they’re both from Iowa? JB: My mother is from Iowa, my father was from Detroit, Michigan. Yeah. JJ: All right. Boelter, is that an Italian name or...? JB: It was German. German background, right. JJ: Okay. All right. Not that it mattered. [00:01:00] Any brothers and sisters and their names? JB: I have six brothers and sisters. I’m the oldest of seven. The oldest is -- next to me is [Ruth?], my sister, and then [Paul?], my brother. My brother [James?], my sister [Helen?], brother [Robert?], and brother [Mark?]. JJ: Okay. Are they in Chicago any of them or...? JB: They’re scattered. My brother [Jim?] is in Manhattan. Mark is the closest; He’s in Springfield, Illinois. He’s the youngest. Paul’s in St. Louis, Helen’s in Ohio, Ruth is in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and Robert’s out in -- 1 �JJ: Robert’s where? JB: Robert is in Oregon, Portland. Portland, Oregon. JJ: Oh, okay. Okay. What kind of work are they into? Just [00:02:00] touch upon. If you can touch on that a little bit. JB: Okay. Ruth is a retired nurse, an RN. Paul is -- he had a custom carpentry business. He sold it and went back to college and a few years ago, started teaching math in middle school math. Jim just retired from banking in New York. He didn’t do that much. He worked for the bank, but he did mostly communications work; Their electronic systems and stuff like that. Let’s see, who’s next? JJ: You got to protect him there because the bankers (laughter) have a better rap today. JB: They had backup systems for their electronics and he was in charge of what they call hotspots or something like that, the backup [00:03:00] systems. Helen is a medical transcriber; Works from home online. Bob, basically his main job is he gets paid by the state of Oregon to be his wife’s caregiver. And he does some other work on the side; You know, delivery work. Mark is retired and in a nursing home. Who did I forget? I think I got everybody, right? JJ: Okay. That’s good. You said you have some children also or...? JB: Yes. My oldest is my son [Aaron?]. He’ll be 43 this year. Next is my daughter [Adrienne?] who lives in Atlanta. My son Aaron is an art teacher like his mother, my ex-wife. Adrienne lives in Atlanta. She’s [00:04:00] in videos and media 2 �communications. My middle daughter lives in Chicago here. This is my wife, [Ellen?] coming in. (laughs) This is Cha-Cha Jimenez. ELLEN BOELTER: Hi. How are you? (inaudible) no, that’s okay, go ahead. JJ: That’s okay, all right. EB: Go ahead. I’ll be out here. JB: So I was talking about [Susana?], my middle daughter. She’s currently unemployed but she was also in video and media reproduction work. EB: I really am -- I was just trying to (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) for the research. JB: Okay. My youngest is [Brenda?] who lives in and works in Colorado. She works for the Colorado state parks as a biologist. JJ: Okay. Then that’s what you do, too. You teach? JB: I teach biology, right. JJ: Okay. [00:05:00] So how did you arrive in Chicago? How did you get here? JB: I came to Chicago to look for work; A teaching job. I came from Valparaiso, Indiana. I was working and teaching. I was a graduate assistant at Valparaiso University where I’d also got my undergraduate work. A job fell through in Fort Wayne, Indiana so one of the professors at Valpo said come on to Chicago. He was a sociology professor and a football coach. He had an urban studies program going. He said, “Come on in. I’ll help you get a job and a place to live and you can help me talk to my students.” So that’s how I got here. Fall of ’66 -(break in audio) 3 �JB: -- in urban studies with the professor. I was already out of undergraduate work and [00:06:00] starting my master’s program. But I needed to work so I came to Chicago. JJ: And you landed work right away. Where? JB: Waller High School. JJ: Okay, Waller High School. JB: Yeah. Which is now known as Lincoln Park High School. JJ: And what year was that? JB: Nineteen sixty-six; Fall of ’66. JJ: Oh, ’66. Okay. So what was that like? I mean that year at Waller? What was the population of the school? JB: Population of the school. I’d say the majority of my students were Black from the Cabrini-Green Projects. Then the next largest group were the Puerto Rican students from around -- in the neighborhood around the school. Then there were a few white students from the white area of Lincoln Park. JJ: So the Black students were bussed in or how was that? JB: I don’t recall any school buses but [00:07:00] they would’ve come on public transportation. Yeah. JJ: Oh, public transportation. But the neighborhood was Puerto Rican at that time. Is that what you’re saying? The Puerto Ricans were from around there. JB: Yeah, the neighborhood, the housing right around the school. The blocks around the school were actually being torn down by mayor Daley’s urban renewal project. 4 �JJ: At that time. JB: Yeah, when I get off from the bus stop, I had two blocks to walk to the school every morning and I’d see them tearing down another home. So -- JJ: In ’66 already at that time. JB: Yeah. JJ: Okay. Were there any gangs at all or anything at the school? JB: Yeah. I couldn’t tell you what gangs exactly. There was some –- but I don’t remember that there were -- it was a big problem. But kids came from CabriniGreen and some kids were in gangs there. Then I guess the Young Lords were sort of known as a gang. At the time I came, I wasn’t [00:08:00] really that familiar with any students outside my classroom in the Puerto Rican community. JJ: So there were some gangs but it really wasn’t a big problem. JB: No, it wasn’t. It wasn’t a big problem. JJ: Okay. All right. So you came to Waller and you’re coming from Valparaiso, Indiana but you grew up in Des Moines, Iowa? JB: I grew up in Iowa. I lived there until I was 11. Then we moved to Wisconsin. I finished the eighth grade. Actually, I –- from sixth grade to eighth grade, we lived in two places in Wisconsin. Then I went to high school in Wisconsin, graduated from high school and started college at Stevens Point, Wisconsin, the state college. It’s now called a state university at Stevens Point. Then my family moved to Ohio [00:09:00] and so I transferred to Valparaiso, Indiana to Valparaiso University. JJ: Okay. You came into Waller and was that challenging for you or how did you...? 5 �JB: Yeah, it was a little bit of a culture shock. (laughter) Because I had until then then been from a rural area to -- through high school, I lived in the country, basically. A rural area. Farming country. Valparaiso, Indiana was the biggest town I’d ever been in when I went to college. Again, pretty much of a homogeneous population. White. So coming into Waller High School was, with mainly a minority population, was a big change for me. JJ: What about the professors? (inaudible) So the population was mainly minority in ’66, but what about the...? JB: Professors were mainly white. JJ: Were mainly white at that time? JB: [00:10:00] Right. JJ: Any Latinos or African Americans at that time or that you were aware of? JB: Not at the beginning that I’m aware of. Later on, there was a student boycott. Some of the demands were to bring in more African American teachers and African American history. JJ: And you were involved in some of that boycott. JB: Yes, I was. JJ: Can you tell me about that or...? JB: In the fall of ’68, I’m pretty sure it was ’68, a lot of things happened that year. Martin Luther King was shot at the Democratic Convention. But when we came back to school, some of the nationalists living in the projects, Black nationalists, were working with some of the students and they were taking militant [00:11:00] action like pulling fire alarms and emptying the school. Then trying to get picket 6 �lines going and things like that. Raising demands. Everything from more toilet paper in the washroom to Black history courses. I’d be getting to know my students and some of their parents and it just seemed to me that that was the side -- in that particular struggle, that was the side that I identified with. So I got involved and help organize it. JJ: Okay. So you helped to organize the boycott. JB: Right. JJ: Okay. Were you a member of any group or anything or just doing it in...? JB: No, I wasn’t. I was still kept in touch with the professor from Valparaiso. My background is Lutheran and Valparaiso is a Lutheran-affiliated university. So I went to a Lutheran church [00:12:00] over in LaSalle. I forget the name of that high-rise, middle-class housing community there. JJ: Sandburg Village? JB: Sandburg Village. Right, very good. Yeah. There was a church there that I attended. The Valpo students that came into town were Lutheran so that was their base of operations out of that church, too. So I was part of that little community, as well. At one point, I belonged to a group called Lutheran [Action?] –- JJ: Actually, Sandburg came after we were displaced from there, too, because it was -- used to be called [La Clark?]. That neighborhood was called –- JB: Oh, I wasn’t aware of the history. JJ: Then Sandburg Village came after that. That’s why I know Sandburg, but... JB: Oh, okay. (laughs) When I knew it, those high-rises were already up, so -- 7 �JJ: But you lived there, too. You lived in that area. JB: I lived just within walking distance just a couple blocks over, yeah. JJ: [00:13:00] (inaudible) it was within the same neighborhood. JB: Right. That was on LaSalle Street. I lived on Sedgwick which was a couple blocks west of there. JJ: In the gardens you mentioned. JB: Town and Country Gardens. JJ: Town and Country Gardens in Sedgwick. JB: Right. JJ: Okay. (inaudible) those apartments, housing. So you said you organized the boycott because your students were involved in it? JB: Yes, yes. JJ: Is that what you said or...? I don’t want to... JB: I can’t remember the exact circumstances how I got involved in it but I know I was talking -- I think there was a community organizer at an office in Lincoln Park. I’m sorry I don’t remember his name, he and his wife. They were telling me that there was a –- JJ: Did you know if their -- what their vision or (inaudible)? JB: Yeah, [00:14:00] it might’ve been the name. JJ: Concerned Citizens of Lincoln Park? JB: That could’ve –-that’s possibly -- I can’t -- JJ: That was a group that worked with us later so... JB: Oh, okay. 8 �JJ: But I mean, it may have been somebody else. JB: Yeah. JJ: But they were connected to a church. To the North Side Cooperative Ministry. It’s not them. JB: No, that -- I don’t think so. I wouldn’t say for sure. I’m not -- it could be but my memory is kind of foggy on that. JJ: Okay. So you felt that you should get involved? Why did you feel that way or... You were a teacher at that time? JB: Well, I was saying a minute ago I was in the Lutheran Action Committee. On Sunday mornings, we used to go to church services to try and meet people and organize around civil [00:15:00] rights and anti-war demands. We would take burlap, colored burlap, and make a serape out of it. Put it over our shoulders. We would have cut-out letters that we put on it making slogans and peace symbols and things like that. (laugh) We’d sort of make a spectacle of ourselves and walk up and sit in the front of the church. Afterwards, try to meet people and get people involved in these discussions. So I was becoming conscious of the anti-war movement and the civil rights movement and learning about those and supporting those demands. So I guess it just seemed what was happening at Waller was just a little bit like an extension of that. JJ: So the boycott was Black students and Latino students or (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? JB: Yeah, and white students, too. JJ: And white students, too. Okay now, but they all joined together? 9 �JB: At first, yeah, we had a -- we called for a meeting. I say we because [00:16:00] I’m still not clear who else was involved at the beginning organizing it. I might’ve been one of the main people involved. But we organized at the church on Armitage near -- Armitage and Halsted. That’s a church that the Young Lords use -- eventually worked out of. Do you remember the name of it? JJ: Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church. JB: Okay. JJ: On Dayton and Armitage. JB: Yeah. So we got permission to use that for a meeting -- organizing a meeting. And I don’t know if we put out flyers or how the word got out but there was a -- it was a pretty good size meeting. A lot of people there from the projects, from Cabrini-Green. JJ: Now this was before the Young Lords took it over, the church or was...? JB: Yes, it was. JJ: It was before. JB: It was before that. JJ: So they were already letting you use it. JB: Yes. Yes, it was open to the community, I guess. [00:17:00] Then in the midst of that meeting, you and Ralph got up and said, “Where’s the demands for the Puerto Ricans?” I sort of stopped the meeting and we said -- JJ: Ralph is a -- Ralph Rivera. His nick name was Spaghetti. (laughter) JB: Right. Although nobody called him that to his face. 10 �JJ: Okay. We did, we did. I mean, it was just we grew up with him. But Ralph was one of the main Young Lords. JB: Right. I didn’t know either one of you at that time. That’s the beginning of our relationship. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Okay. So that was the beginning? JB: That was the beginning. So we stopped the meeting and had a caucus or you guys had a caucus and came up with some demands. We added those in and continued the meeting and made plans for the boycott. JJ: Okay. So this was [00:00:18] pre-Young Lords. This is just pre-Young Lords as a political group. This isn’t just for -- JB: Yeah. I would say you were just beginning. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Because as I got to know you, that’s what you were doing. So you were already started, I think, at that point. JJ: Right. Oh, okay. You were already started. Okay. Okay, I can understand the timeline. Okay, now what happened with the boycott? JB: We had another organizing meeting that I can remember but it was held in Cabrini-Green. At one point in it, it sort of broke up. There was some disagreement among the Black organizers and the students and so on, the nationalists. They wanted everybody [00:19:00] out so they could discuss their agreements among themselves. They didn’t want to be openly disagreeing, right? So after they straightened it out, there was another meeting. It never really got back together. Somehow, it just sort of -- everybody still wanted the boycott but there was -- it was difficult for Blacks and Puerto Ricans and whites to 11 �work together for some reason. I don’t know. So we ended up having a Black boycott center in Cabrini, we had a Puerto Rican boycott center I think was at the church -- the United Methodist Church. Then at the community center that you were mentioning before, there was some kind of community center in Lincoln Park. JJ: The Concerned Citizens? JB: I think it was the Concerned Citizens. JJ: They were on [Main?] -- JB: The white students had another boycott center, right? JJ: Oh yeah, they were on Lincoln and (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). JB: I got a few teachers to support it. The first day was pretty successful. There weren’t that many teachers [00:20:00] besides myself that actually were walking the picket line. JJ: Do you remember any of their names or...? JB: One was [Theresa Dubois?] who eventually became my wife. She’s now my exwife. Let’s see. I have another -- well, I still keep up with this man. I was at his house last week. [Myron Stoller?] was an English teacher. I don’t think he’ll mind me using his name because he’s still pretty radical so (laughs) -- JJ: He’s still pretty radical. JB: He’s retired. Yeah. He retired from Waller. He was there for 33 years. JJ: So there were a little group, contingent of radicals inside Waller High School -- JB: Yes, yes. 12 �JJ: -- that were working with the Young Lords and some of the other groups at the time. Okay. JB: Right. I don’t know how closely they worked with the Young Lords. JJ: No, no. Okay. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) JB: Until the boycott but I didn’t know you guys before. JJ: We were getting close to you. JB: [00:21:00] Right. We were close and shortly after that, Ralph and I became roommates. We rented an apartment together. So at the time we had this meeting, the first organizing meeting, I was living in somebody’s living room temporarily while I was looking for a place to live. I had moved closer to the school. We were talking about -- JJ: Okay. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) You met Ralph at the meeting. JB: Yeah. And then we continued to -- JJ: You continued to (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) JB: -- through the boycott to continue to work together. And I don’t know, probably discussed that I was looking for a place to live and he must’ve been at the same time. JJ: Yeah, because he came from a different neighborhood, Lake View. He was hanging out with us every day at Lincoln Park so -- JB: Oh, okay. So we were both looking for a place to live. JJ: -- you were both looking for a place to live, yeah. Now, so the results of the boycott [00:22:00] was when? I don’t understand. 13 �JB: The first day, like I said, was pretty successful. But it just sort of fell apart after that. It went on for a while and I had been warned not to participate. So I figured I had lost my job by participating. (laughs) It’s a funny story. Just to make a long story short, I was out for two weeks. At one point, the assistant principal came to my -- to where I was staying and asked me to come back to work. So apparently, I was an embarrassment that they didn’t share with their superiors and covered -they covered for me. (laughs) And eventually asked me to come back to work and I started teaching again. I didn’t get paid for the time I was gone, but I got -I went back to teaching with no penalty. It was a weird situation. (laughs) But... JJ: The assistant principal, you said? Came to -- JB: Yeah, [00:23:00] came to my -- I was living in a friend’s living room. I was living with a friend in an apartment. And came to that apartment and asked to speak to me and asked me to come back to work. JJ: Now I remember the first time you met Fred Hampton was at your apartment. Do you recall that at all or...? Fred Hampton of the Black Panthers. JB: Right. I recall the meeting; I don’t recall much about it. I know we studied Mao’s Red Book. There were several Young Lords there. Ralph was there, I think you had to be there. Fred Hampton was there, several Panthers, myself. JJ: And some other Young Lords were there. JB: Right. Yeah. There were several Young Lords, several Panthers. JJ: What was the meeting like? How...? JB: I think it was a study group. Ralph was Minister of Education and [00:24:00] he was holding study groups. Mainly, they were held in the church. 14 �JJ: This was before the church. JB: I think you were -- JJ: I had been there a couple times. JB: -- yeah. I don’t know if you were starting to use the church more frequently or something. I’m not sure. JJ: Yeah, we were using it but -- JB: Yeah, I don’t think you had yet taken it over. Right? And -- JJ: So Ralph was doing the -- JB: Yeah, so he had invited me as his roommate to come to some of the study groups and there was an objection because I wasn’t Puerto Rican. So I think he was trying to have one in our apartment so that I could be included. JJ: (laughs) Okay. JB: There was also the -- by coincidence, it happened to be the same one that Fred Hampton was in so... JJ: Okay. So you came at that time. JB: Right. JJ: Okay. So because that is basically when we submitted the idea for the Rainbow Coalition at that time in one of those meetings. But he had come -- JB: Yeah, it could be. Yeah. JJ: So we were having some -- [00:25:00] so we were having classes in your house at that time. I know we were meeting. JB: Well, I only remember that one. I don’t know if there were others or not. They might’ve been held while I was at work. I was teaching school still. I had been 15 �already teaching at Waller High School for two years so I went to work every day. So yeah, so that’s the only one I remember. JJ: Okay, so you remember when Fred came there, though. JB: Yeah. Of course, that was very memorable because Fred Hampton was there. Yeah. JJ: That was the main one. I think that -- because you mentioned there were other Young Lords, other Panthers and that. So that was the main one. JB: And I remember we had Mao’s Red Book, we were reading out of that and talking -- discussing that. JJ: Okay, at the study groups. That was what was used at the study groups? JB: That one in our apartment was Fred Hampton. That’s the one I remember. That was the only one I was at that I can [00:26:00] remember. JJ: Okay. So we were talking about Mao’s Red Book at that meeting -- at the time of the meeting. JB: Yeah. Right. So I think it was basically a political study group. JJ: Okay. That we were having. Okay. JB: Yeah. There might’ve been other things discussed but I don’t recall them. JJ: Right. Okay. And what was the atmosphere? Was it formal or how was it? JB: No, it was informal. It was an informal atmosphere. Informal enough so that after discussion was over, somebody broke out the pot so (laughter) -- JJ: So that kind of -- JB: So everybody was participating. 16 �JJ: Right, afterwards. Okay. So Ralph passed away but he was one of the -- he and myself designed the button, the Young Lords button. JB: Yeah, I remember that button. JJ: Right. You remember that button when it [00:27:00] first came out? Okay. JB: Yeah. Yo tengo Puerto Rico en mi corazón. JJ: Yeah, right. That’s right. Okay, so I know from one perspective but how do you know Ralph? I mean, he was a roommate, so you saw him every day. But I mean would -- I don’t -- JB: Right. No, we got to be close friends. He married before I did. We got married, I think, in the same year. And so I was best man in his wedding and then he -- I asked him to be best man in my wedding. Unfortunately on the day of the wedding, he had to work. So he couldn’t be there at the ceremony. But no, I mean, we were very good friends. JJ: You mentioned the Red Book. Did he talk any other politics at all or...? JB: Oh, yeah. You guys took me one Sunday, I remember, one Sunday to -(break in audio) JB: -- an [00:28:00] elderly gentleman who was with the communist party and introduced me to Marxism. I had never done it before. I guess he was holding like a study group there so that was my introduction to Marxism, actually. JJ: Okay. At that time, we were all being introduced (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). JB: Yeah. In the winter of ’68, during the winter break from school, there was a peace conference up in Montreal. Ralph and I took a bus, I think it was. Or 17 �somehow, we got to Detroit and then we took a train, a Canadian train, when we got into Canada across the river from Detroit. Took a train to Montreal and participated in this peace conference. So we were doing all kinds of political activities like that. When the boycott wasn’t going very strong and Ralph said, “We need support. [00:29:00] Why don’t we go over to Circle Campus, University of Illinois? There’s an SDS chapter there.” So we went to an SDS meeting and we asked for support from SDS. One of the SDS members was a member of the Progressive Labor Party. That’s how I first met somebody in Progressive Labor Party. JJ: So did you become active in Progressive Labor Party? JB: Yeah, I started reading their newspaper and the member that I met at Circle Campus also lived near Waller High School. He came to visit me and I started going to some of their meetings and I’ve been involved ever since. JJ: Oh, so you’re still involved with the Progressive Labor Party? JB: Yeah, yeah. I joined in ’71, 1971. JJ: And at that time, were there a lot of groups like the Progressive Labor Party in Lincoln Park or...? Because it became sort of -- JB: No. They weren’t exactly in Lincoln Park; They were -- in just a small group in Chicago. JJ: Oh, in Chicago. JB: [00:30:00] Yeah. JJ: Okay. But Lincoln Park. You lived right down the street from the church. JB: Yeah, I lived on Dayton. Dayton and Armitage. 18 �JJ: When someone says like Manuel Ramos, were you around when that happened or...? JB: Yes. My first wife, Theresa, and I had just gotten married in April of ’69. As I mentioned, Ralph was supposed to be my best man at the wedding. We were married in her mother’s house in Maywood but we had our reception in Old Town in Chicago. Actually, we’d been threatened by some of the same nationalists who had supported the boycott from Cabrini-Green. They didn’t like the [00:31:00] fact that we were a mixed couple. Theresa’s African American and I’m white, right? They actually came to our apartment one time. We knew them through the boycott so we were friendly to some extent. They appeared at the door. We were at the kitchen table writing out our wedding invitations and they came in and started tearing up our invitations and pushing us around. Pulled the phone out of the wall and left with a couple of our invitations. So at the wedding reception, a number of Young Lords provided security from our wedding reception. (laughter) Because we didn’t know if they’d show up or not. They had the address on the wedding invitation so... JJ: Can you tell me about Manuel? JB: So yeah, so then Manuel Ramos, right? So as I remember it, we went to [Sal Delavera?]’s house. I think that was the name. His daughter [00:32:00] was I think two or something like that. He was having a birthday party for his daughter. JJ: I think it could’ve been [Orlando?] and them with Sal. JB: Yeah. I won’t argue. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) it could be. It could be, yeah. I’m not sure. 19 �JJ: Yeah, I don’t know, I don’t know. I think Sal was arrested in -- during that day, too, though. So you could be right. I don’t know. I don’t know whose house it was. I know it was something to do with Orlando’s birthday, maybe Sal’s. I don’t know. JB: Right. So anyway, it was at the birthday party. There were some shots fired outside. We heard ‘em from inside. Then a few minutes later, somebody said, “There’s a guy with a gun outside.” So some of us actually went outside to see this person. There was a guy in jeans, a t-shirt holding a pistol. So we were outside trying to find out what [00:33:00] he was about and trying to keep him calm. We didn’t know til later that he was an officer -- police officer. He eventually fired into the doorway of the house where the party was. And had me by the arm at that point. I was close to him so he had grabbed me by the arm. He said he saw a gun in the doorway, he shot into the house. That’s when he shot Manuel in the eye, he shot Ralph in the jaw. Eventually, the police came. I don’t know if you already -- JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) at that moving? JB: At what? JJ: He shot him and then what happened? What at that moment? JB: Well, at that moment the other police –- JJ: Did somebody try to attend to Manuel or to...? JB: The police pulled him out. I was still outside. I don’t know what happened inside. I didn’t know Ralph was shot til later at the hospital. All I remember is that the police showed up. [00:34:00] It was very chaotic. I remember them -- four of 20 �them carrying Manuel out of the house like a sack of feed and throwing him into the paddy wagon. I jumped in with them. JJ: You saw that? JB: Oh, yeah. And I jumped into the back of the paddy wagon with Manuel. He was bleeding, he was choking on his blood, and I remember there was a towel on the back of his head so I was holding the back of his head with a towel. I had my fingers in his mouth so that he wouldn’t –- to try to keep his throat clear so he wouldn’t choke on his blood. That’s the way we went to the hospital. When we got to the emergency room, they took him inside. Then outside, I saw [Jackie?] and I know other people. My wife was there. Eventually realized that Ralph had been shot, too. I didn’t know that. They told me Ralph [00:35:00] had been shot and he was in the emergency room, also. So Manuel died about a half hour later. I don’t remember much about the rest of the night (laughs) except we got home somehow so... JJ: Okay. So you saw Jackie and you saw your wife, and you –- JB: There probably were other people there, too. I just don’t recall exactly who. Right. JJ: So you’re not aware if anybody got arrested or anything like that or...? JB: I don’t think anybody got arrested at that point. I don’t recall anybody getting arrested. JJ: Okay. And (inaudible) got arrested -- JB: Ralph never got arrested that I recall. 21 �JJ: No, no. He didn’t get arrested but there were like four of the Young Lords and the [Quatro?] Lords would come together. JB: Well, okay. That was a detail that I didn’t remember that. JJ: Yeah, they were trying to grab the police or something like that. JB: Yeah, well probably the people around me. I jumped in the paddy wagon so I –that’s probably why I didn’t get arrested. (laughs) Because I was on my way to the hospital. JJ: Oh, okay. [00:36:00] That’s what happened. So tell me about the –- what other events do you recall during that time? What do you -- like for example, the McCormick Seminary where -- JB: Yeah, I remember –- forget exactly what year that was. JJ: I think it was the same year. JB: Was that the same year? JJ: Actually, right after [Ramos?], right after Ramos. JB: [Ron?] Ravos? Okay. So -- JJ: Because we named the building after (inaudible). JB: Oh, the law office or the seminary building? JJ: No, the seminary. JB: Okay. Yeah, I remember that the –- that you guys took over the McCormick Seminary administration building. I wasn’t part of the takeover [00:37:00] but I was aware of the plans and I would often go over after work, after school, and I would be admitted into the administration building and I would be assigned a guard duty of some kind. 22 �JJ: So what was it like inside? JB: It was pretty well organized and –- JJ: What do you mean by that? I mean, (inaudible) kind of -- JB: Everybody seemed to have a job to do. I don’t remember exactly the details. I just remember it wasn’t chaotic or anything. Everybody seemed to know what they were doin’. They were continually, constantly prepared in case the police would try to storm the building or take it back. I don’t know. I was part of the guard duty watching out a window. I was up in the back floor somewhere to let anybody know if the police approach from that angle. Then later on, I would go home [00:38:00] afterwards and –- JJ: So you didn’t even sleep there. You went home. JB: No, I didn’t sleep there that I recall. Yeah. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) coming and going at the time. JB: Right. JJ: And press conferences during the day. People –- JB: Yeah. I would be at work during the day. I would go home, sleep, go to work in the morning, and then after work, come back to the McCormick Seminary. JJ: So did it have support or apparently, you were supporting it. Were there other community people supporting it or...? JB: Actually, my landlord was a professor there. He couldn’t say so openly but I think he was in favor of it. Maybe helped to work out the arrangement. They eventually came up with some money. I don’t know, 60- or 70,000 dollars I think it was which was used –- 23 �JJ: Six hundred and one thousand dollars to be invested in low-income housing. JB: Oh, was it? Okay. JJ: Then also [00:39:00] 25,000 for the law office. JB: Well, I understood there was some -- that’s the way it went. Okay. JJ: Twenty-five thousand for the clinics. A couple clinics in the -- JB: Oh, very good. Okay. I didn’t remember all the -- I remember the law office. I remember that some of that money –- JJ: You remember the law office. JB: -- opened The People’s Law Office on Halsted. A couple of the lawyers who worked there, [Skip Andrews?] [Cunningham?], I don’t remember his first name. JJ: [Dennis?]. JB: Dennis? Yeah, [Dennis Cunningham?]. Yeah, I think his son just ran for office in this ward recently. JJ: Oh, did he? JB: Or legis-- maybe no, he just ran for state legislature in this area recently. I don’t remember too much else about it. Oh, they handled the defense -- oh yeah, they handled the defense, then, I think of the four Young Lords were arrested, right? JJ: Right. JB: That was one of the first things they did from the law office. JJ: Exactly, that’s right. [00:40:00] The People’s Law Office did that because we -they got the initial funds from the McCormick’s Seminary takeover that we did. So it was successful. We won all the demands. We were there for (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) -- 24 �JB: It was successful. There was no police takeover, there was nobody arrested that I recall. Yeah, so it was very successful. JJ: So how did -- you were living in the community. Did you know the neighbors or no? JB: Yeah, I don’t know. I can’t remember names right off hand, but -- JJ: But you knew some of the neighbors? JB: Basically, I knew the Young Lords. I knew my students and their parents; Those were mainly the people I knew. JJ: And what were they saying about the Young Lords at that time? Were they afraid of them or...? JB: No, I think they were -- respected the Young Lords because the Young Lords were the group doing the [00:41:00] most around the housing problems. Because like I said, mayor Daley was tearing down the Puerto Rican community and I think it was the beginning of gentrification, regentrification. So there were a lot of white –- JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) the beginning. JB: -- young, white yuppies moving in the neighborhood, buying buildings, renovating them, raising the rent so the people couldn’t move back in, (inaudible). JJ: So you’re saying that was the beginning in Chicago of gentrification or...? JB: No, I’m just talking about the Lincoln Park neighborhood which is a very expensive neighborhood now. JJ: Oh, the Lincoln Park neighborhood, okay. Okay, so that was the beginning of the gentrification? 25 �JB: Yes. That was the beginning of gentrification of Lincoln Park. JJ: At Lincoln Park. JB: At Lincoln Park, right. JJ: Okay. You said they were destroying the Puerto Rican neighborhood. Why do you say that? How –- JB: I took the Sedgwick bus to school. I lived on Sedgwick at about 1400 Sedgwick and I used to take the bus then up to [00:42:00] –- the bus stop was two blocks from Waller High School. So I had a two-block walk every morning from the bus stop to the high school itself. I just recall several mornings seeing the bulldozers taking down another house. It seemed like every day, they were tearing down another house. So if you go to Lincoln Park High School now, you see this beautiful campus with the tennis courts and the parking and the green lawn, park area and everything. That all used to be Puerto Rican housing back in ’68, ’69. JJ: So this Waller High School expanded, basically. Are there Puerto Ricans living there at all in any part of Lincoln Park that you know of? JB: I have no idea. I moved out in ’75 or ’76, right in there. I don’t get back there much (laughs) so... JJ: Okay. So you haven’t seen the [00:43:00] change. JB: When I do go through there, I mean I can see the changes. It’s not recognizable from what I -- the neighborhood I remember. The Lincoln Park I remember from ’69, ’70. It’s completely different now. JJ: Because of Ralph, because you guys were roommates, you were able to get closer than other people to the Young Lords. 26 �JB: Yes. JJ: What were your impressions or what was -- how did you see them? You knew them before because you came in ’66 when they were just a little local game. JB: Right. I didn’t really know them even then. When you guys came to participate in the school boycott, that’s when I first got to know you. Then I remember [00:44:00] going to some meetings at the high school around housing issues. JJ: Can you describe how they were? Were they intellectual or what? How were they? JB: I would say they were a militant group that raised good political demands in these meetings. I also remember one time marching down to –- a small group of us marching down to a neighborhood real estate office. I don’t remember the exact name. JJ: [Larry?] -- that was Larry’s. His name was [Fat Larry?] but we gave him that name. JB: (laughs) Okay. I think it was an Italian name like [Romano?] or something –- JJ: Like Romano, yeah, or something like that. JB: -- the name of the real estate company. I was -- JJ: Bissel Street Realty I think it was called. Bissel –- JB: That could be it. Because it was -- yeah, it was a lot. Remember it was west on Armitage and that’s where Bissel Street would’ve been west of Dayton, [00:45:00] right? I remember I stayed outside. It was in the winter time, I believe. I stayed outside because Ralph said it was -- might be tense inside. So they went in and came out a few minutes later. He said they had -- the people 27 �inside had brought out guns. So I sort of got the impression it was sort of mobaffiliated, you know? (laughter) JJ: Because they had guns -- some machine guns. JB: Yeah, right. They were big guns; They weren’t little hand guns. JJ: So you were outside. Were you picketing or...? JB: Yeah, we were outside. We were picketing. JJ: There was picketing outside. JB: Yeah. JJ: And then we went inside. JB: Inside. JJ: And then they pulled out the guns on us. JB: Yeah, that’s what I was told when you guys came out. That’s why you’d left. You weren’t going to get in a shootout. Obviously, that wouldn’t have helped anything. But those are the kind of actions. Taking militant actions, direct actions against the people who were making [00:46:00] money off of this changeover and gentrification. JJ: Okay. So do you know the different institutions that were working with that at that time? JB: I think you guys had started some kind of a breakfast program similar to the Panthers –- JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) JB: -- at the Methodist church? JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) church. 28 �JB: Sure. So some of my students I knew had breakfast there, came to school after having breakfast there and yeah. So for myself and the people I knew in the community –- JJ: So you (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) personally went in there? JB: Yeah. JJ: Did they talk to you about that or...? JB: Probably did. I can’t remember in detail but I was aware that that was happening. So from my perspective and the people I knew like me and likeminded people in the community and at the school, we had respect for the Young Lords. JJ: So in the school, Waller High School. JB: Right. JJ: There was respect at that time. Was there respect in [00:47:00] the community then also or...? The school, of course, there... JB: That was my feeling. In the Puerto Rican community and in the people I knew in the white community and in the Black community in Cabrini-Green. JJ: The reason I asked –- JB: But then all the people that were trying to get to regentrify and worried about their property, they were against us. JJ: So it was controversial. JB: So it was -- yeah, right. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Yeah, it definitely was a controversial group. It was always my feeling that’s why they changed the name of Waller High School to Lincoln Park. They’re trying to dissociate themselves 29 �from that reputation that Waller had. Because it was -- in the school and outside the school, there was a lot of political activity. The boycott was very political and the Young Lords were leading a lot of political activity around the housing [00:48:00] issues. To me, having come from a non-political background, I was just eating it up. That was my education. My political consciousness was coming about that year of ’68, ’69, and after that. I just continued to grow after that politically. JJ: Did you see any other people or professors or anyone that were waking up at that time? Was that an impact that the Young Lords were having also with some people? With some of the people or no? It was also the time, it was also the time. JB: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) No, I -- yeah, I think it was mainly the times. There was a lot of stuff going on. Anti-war movement was still growing. I remember participating in demonstrations downtown. Big demonstrations, thousands of people. JJ: So the Young Lords were the ones that (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) morale because people were already feeling that way. I’m putting words in your mouth. JB: Yeah, I mean [00:49:00] everything sort of flowed together. Those of us -- we may have been involved -- the centers of our activities may be in different places but when we got together, we talked the same language. So... JJ: Okay. I don’t see that today. But at that time, I felt that there was unity. Was it just me or did you feel that? Some kind of -- in the community or...? 30 �JB: As far as anti-racism and anti-Vietnam War, I think there was a lot of unity among various groups of people and various individuals. I guess I had a unique perspective because through Ralph as far as the Young Lords go. I guess some of my friends outside that circle, you know, at school knew I was involved. People I was close [00:50:00] to. (break in audio) JB: And no one chastised me for being involved with the Young Lords. JJ: Actually, many of the Young Lords went to that school. So -- JB: Yeah, I’m sure. JJ: So some of the teachers knew them personally. I mean, I only went to two months (laughter) but I did know some of the teachers there also. But I know that all of the Young Lords -- the majority, not all, of course -- but the majority had gone through there. To Waller High School. The teachers -- JB: Yeah, right. It was a neighborhood school, right? JJ: Right. So coming out in the protest, the teachers would know about that. Were they being impacted by some of the protests because some of them did come out in the news, at the local news at that time. JB: The protest organized by the Young Lords or the school [00:51:00] protest? JJ: Right, right. Well, both. Were they being -- the teachers, were they -- how was that? (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) JB: Yeah. There was a small group of us within the school -- actually, it wasn’t even that small -- who were constantly -- we were caught between the administration and the militancy of the students. We sympathized with the students. So we 31 �were all -- therefore had our own problems with the administration. I remember one time, for instance, because the students, one of the tactic was to pull the fire alarm and empty the building to get everybody out. Sometimes, there’d be fights outside and people would be injured. We finally said, “We’re not taking our students out anymore.” The principal said, “No, you can’t do that because of the fire code.” We said, “We don’t care.” We organized and we overrode [00:52:00] the principal and we refused to honor the fire bell after that. We set it up so that we could tell -- we could communicate with each other and find out for sure that there was no fire going on. But when daily fire bells are happening daily, and so we just stopped it. JJ: So you guys were protesting against the principal. The administration of the school at the time. JB: We didn’t have an open protest but we would refuse to do certain things that they wanted us to do. In other words, we would support the students to that extent. JJ: Right. The students were protesting. JB: Yes. JJ: So the students were protesting and you were refusing the Young Lords that are also doing their things. The community is on fire, basically. JB: Yeah, there were also -- right. No, there’s a lot of -- yeah, a lot of activity. [00:53:00] The white liberals in -- at the Concerned Citizens center. The nationalists and the students coming from Cabrini-Green. Everybody was -- JJ: The Black nationalists from Cabrini-Green. The projects there, Cabrini-Green. 32 �JB: Yeah. Everybody was involved in some form. For instance, one of my students - I won’t mention his name because I don’t know right now whether he would appreciate it. But I went to see him later on in life; Nineteen ninety-seven, I looked him up and found him. But at that time, he was a young Black male student and lived in the projects. I think he was about 17. He organized a group called the Black Assassins. It was a anti-racist group and it was (laughs) intriguing that he called it the Black Assassins because he had Black students, he had Puerto Rican students, he had white students in the group. [00:54:00] They would meet in Black homes, Puerto Rican homes, and white homes. At one point, they were meeting in the home of a white student in Lincoln Park in the basement and the police raided the meeting and took them all to jail. Segregated them into cells, white, Black, and Puerto Rican, and told them that’s the way it should be. They use as a pre-text that they had confiscated drugs but none of us believed it. Because we knew the student and he was mainly about the organizing, political organizing. None of us believed that -- we thought that just the police probably planted the drugs. JJ: So this was the 18th district police station. JB: Yeah, 18th district. So -- JJ: Actually, that was [Commander O’Brien?] at the station. JB: So we organized -- yeah, I remember that name now. JJ: Because didn’t he go to jail later or...? JB: I don’t know. JJ: Yeah he did. 33 �JB: Did he? JJ: Yeah, [00:55:00] he went to jail for shaking down (inaudible). JB: Oh, good. He deserved it. JJ: Yeah. (laughs) He was our commander of the police. (laughs) Yeah, he was against the Young Lords but he went to jail for shaking down (inaudible). JB: This was the kind of thing that was happening up at Waller High School. JJ: (inaudible) (laughs) JB: Yeah, no. Yeah, but I’m just saying that that’s the kind of thing -- that’s the relationship with the police. I’m glad you brought that up. Because we went down after Manuel Ramos was shot, we went down and had a demonstration at the police station there after that. But to finish the story about the Black Assassins, so they -- the school tried to kick out the student. In fact, that’s eventually how I lost my job up there. Any time a Black student or a Puerto Rican student would turn 16 or 17, whatever the age when they could legally kick them out of school, they would get out all their records, look for [00:56:00] discipline problems, they would look for grades, anything. Any excuse to drop them. So anyway, so this student organized the Black Assassins, they tried to kick him out. They asked me to sign the sheet and I would not. I refused to sign him out. So I called his mother and asked if she knew that they were trying to get him out of the school. She didn’t know. So we organized a sit-in at the school; At the counselor’s office. We coordinated the time when she would come up to visit the counselor to inquire about her son. We had it all worked out in advance. We put out flyers and called for a sit-in. At the time they came up to the school, the 34 �student body and myself and anybody else -- I forget if there were other teachers involved -- we all went down by the counselors’ offices and occupied the hallway and sat down. We wouldn’t leave until they let him back in [00:57:00] school. JJ: This was the teachers again and the students. JB: Mainly students. I don’t know if there were other teachers. JJ: You occupied the hallway -- JB: I remember that -- JJ: -- of Waller High School. JB: Right. JJ: So Waller High School was occupied not to mention that DePaul University was occupied. JB: Right. Or the seminary? McCormick Seminary? No? JJ: Yeah. No, no, no, DePaul University was occupied by the Black Student Union at that time. JB: Oh no kidding, I didn’t -- JJ: Right after we occupied McCormick Seminary. JB: Oh, very good. I didn’t recall that. JJ: Yeah. The Young Lords occupied McCormick Seminary for a week and then the Black Student Union occupied DePaul. Now, I wasn’t aware of Waller was being occupied -- JB: Yeah, just that one afternoon. JJ: Right. The hospitals were occupied, there were -- they were occupying -- JB: Well, yeah. It was 1968. It was like a watershed year. It was a lot of things. 35 �JJ: But all of this was going on in Lincoln Park, too, in that [00:58:00] community also. JB: Yeah. I think that was in 1970, I believe. JJ: Nineteen -- yeah, it was the exact year. JB: Because we did try to do the same thing for another student in ’71. The principal had had enough. He called in the police and they just came in arresting everybody. I was arrested for trying to keep a student from being arrested and that’s how I lost my job there. JJ: What kind of charge? JB: Eventually, it went to court. They charged me with assaulting two cops and the principal. Those are the charges. I would’ve had felony charges. I went before the grand jury. JJ: You went -- oh, it was a felony. JB: Yeah. So when I went to -- finally went to court, to trial, I had an attorney from the Northwestern University Legal Assistance Clinic, a free clinic, [00:59:00] and he went into talk to the judge. He said the people from the Board of Education were there and they said, “We don’t want him teaching anywhere ever again.” They said in return for that, we’ll agree to reduce the felonies to misdemeanor. My lawyer was really steamed because there were two different situations in two different courts. My job was -- had been ruled on by a hearing in front of the board when they fired me. How did that go? So he said it was unethical. That I should -- he would be my attorney but that he figured I should -- he agreed on my behalf to [01:00:00] accept the plea to a lower -- to misdemeanors. I didn’t go to 36 �jail. So I went through the trial but it was a farce. We knew in advance what the outcome was going to be, that they would find me guilty of misdemeanors instead of felonies. So I had -- I got two years’ probation. JJ: Okay. You got two years’ probation for that? JB: Right. JJ: And you completed the full two years? JB: But my lawyer said that their -- what they did was unethical, what this judge did. And that he gave me the name of another lawyer. He said, “I can’t represent you because I agreed to this.” But he said, “Here’s the name of a lawyer. You should get a lawyer and challenge this and not accept it.” But it was going to cost too much money. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) they call a plea deal to -- JB: To not go to -- to stay out of jail. I mean, a plea deal to stay out of jail. Yeah. JJ: You had to plead guilty. JB: Yeah. JJ: And that was a common thing at that time. JB: But see, it wasn’t like you see on TV where [01:01:00] they go before the judge and say, “We reached this plea agreement.” In other words, the plea agreement was made undercover in a back room and they went through the farce of the trial to cover it up. JJ: Okay, I gotcha. 37 �JB: So I was found guilty by the judge who already knew in advance he was going to reduce it to misdemeanors. But they went through the farce of a jury trial. They actually had the jury hear the -- JJ: Oh, it went to the jury. JB: -- the jury, yeah, and find me guilty. But I don’t know how they redu-- maybe the state’s attorney reduced the charges first. But anyway, I was -- JJ: Had you ever been arrested before or anything? JB: No, that was my first time. JJ: That was your first time. JB: Yeah, I was (laughs) completely unprepared for it. I remember going to court for the first time. I didn’t even have a lawyer. I was completely bewildered, I was trying to figure out what to do, and there -- and I’m trying to ask people and they’re just pushing me aside. So [01:02:00] I finally got a lawyer but like I said, I went to the legal assistance clinic. And he represented me both at trial and also at a hearing. I had a hearing in front of the Board of Education when they actually fired me. Yeah, so that was a lot of activity in those years. JJ: Ralph was a member of the Young Lords gang because the Young Lords gang transformed in 1968. It went right from the gang into the political group. But for a gang member, how did he act to you? Did he appear like a gang member or...? JB: No, no. None of the Young Lords... Of course, I wasn’t familiar with what a gang was, but I consider the Young Lords my friends and we socialize as well as participated in political [01:03:00] activities. I was on friendly terms with everybody. 38 �JJ: How did they treat people? Just, you know... JB: Yeah. I thought they treated people with respect in the community. And they were fighting for people around the issues of housing as well as racism. But mainly the one -- the activities I participated in were around the housing issues. JJ: Because I know that you’re saying that there was some people who had special interests in Lincoln Park who referred to the Young Lords as a gang. Because that has stuck on a lot of people today. JB: Right, because they saw it as a threat -- JJ: They don’t even want to associate with the Young Lords because they were uncultured or... JB: They didn’t bring that up. Mainly, they said that because they felt they were a threat to their property values. JJ: They came right out and said that. JB: Yeah. JJ: [01:04:00] Okay. So that’s what -- JB: Otherwise they were constantly asking for police protection. I’m thinking these are young white guys about my age, right? Why aren’t they seeing what’s going on? Here they are, very conservative, worried about their property and their money and all. So I think they saw the Young Lords as a threat to their property values. JJ: Okay, so that’s what they saw as a threat to the property value. Here’s a gang and -- JB: Yeah. So they couldn’t characterize them as a gang, right? 39 �JJ: But before then, it was a Puerto Rican area where they -- at least around the church. JB: Yeah. It still was, it just was fewer and fewer every year. Fewer and fewer Puerto Ricans living there every year. I left in ’70-- let’s see. I stayed living in the community even though I lost my job in ’71. I was married [01:05:00] and living a little up on Kenmore and Webster. JJ: Oh, Kenmore and Webster, okay. JB: Right. By Roma’s pizza parlor there. JJ: Right. JB: Yeah. So I was still in the community although at that point, I had a different job and I was going out of the community to work. So I was no longer working in a community. JJ: Okay. Now, when you saw the church, you saw the murals. (laughs) What type of impact was that? What were on the murals? What was -- JB: I’m sorry, I -- that’s all -- no, I don’t remember the murals, either. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) at all? They were very clear, visible. They were painted on the church; On the church walls. You didn’t pay attention to it? JB: Just vaguely; I couldn’t remember any of the details of it. JJ: Not the details but I mean -- JB: I remember there were murals, yes. JJ: Okay, you remember [01:06:00] there were murals. But that didn’t happen at that -- 40 �JB: But that was one thing that happened and I think the breakfast program. I don’t know, was there any educational programs? Tutoring, that kind of thing I think was going on? JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Puerto Rican history classes were going on there. But we had the clinic also. We had a free clinic. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) JB: Okay. Yeah, I don’t remember all those details. I was probably aware of it at the time but -- JJ: So people just can’t -- JB: -- some things stick out in my mind now at the age of 70 (laughs) and some things are lost. Some things are coming back to me when you mention names like the police captain’s name. I recognize that name but I haven’t thought about that for -- since that time so... JJ: Right. It’s on my mind because I’m doing this research. But... [01:07:00] (pause) Okay, were you at any of the marches or anything like that or...? JB: That the Young Lords did? JJ: Right. You mentioned one at the police station. JB: Yeah, down at the police station that time we visited the real estate office. JJ: What about Rev. Bruce Johnson and Eugenia Johnson? Do you remember when they were killed? JB: Yes. JJ: What do you remember? I was in jail then. What do you remember about that? JB: Oh. I just remember -- 41 �JJ: I got -- he bonded me out to come up to service. The bishop bonded me out to come to the service. JB: I couldn’t tell you if I went to the service or not. JJ: But how did that affect -- was there any talk at the school? Or any...? JB: I [01:08:00] know people, everybody had a different idea what might’ve happened. JJ: What was the talk at that time? JB: Some of the talk of -- let’s see if I can remember. Because I guess they’d been -actually been tied up and something like being executed. I guess some people may have thought that gangs were involved. Some people may’ve thought it was just a crazed drug person or something look for money. I don’t know. I really can’t recall exactly what people were talking about but I just remember speculating with people about it why. It was a mystery to most -- me and my friends. We couldn’t quite figure out -- JJ: But it was being discussed [01:09:00] or no? JB: Well yes, it was definitely being discussed. My landlady who was a -- before I got married, anyway. I moved in with my wife -- my ex-wife, my fiancé at the time. Moved in with her and her sister in the Lincoln Park area. Their landlord and later my landlord, his wife was a teacher at Columbia College and I think she wrote an article about that that was in a major magazine. But I couldn’t tell you the name of the magazine and I don’t know that I’ve ever read the article. So it definitely was a topic of discussion in the area, yeah. But that’s as much as I can remember. 42 �JJ: But they thought [01:10:00] it could’ve been a gang or some crazy person? Because they were stabbed multiple times. So it could’ve been a... Some people even thought it was the Young Lords or was that discussed or no? JB: I didn’t think it was and I don’t recall that anybody that I was associated with thought it was. JJ: Why didn’t you think it was? JB: Because I knew the Young Lords. That just didn’t sound like Young Lords to me. I think the Young Lords had a good relationship with the church and the minister and would’ve respected him for opening up the church. I would imagine that he probably got some flack for it from his own congregation. To me, the [01:11:00] Young Lords were my friends. I participated in what they were doing because I thought it was right so... JJ: So you couldn’t -- would be something that it would be something incredible to be better for you to think that it would be the Young Lords. JB: Yeah, somebody would have to show me some really solid evidence before I would believe anything like that. JJ: Okay. But in -- could it have been planned at all? What the Young Lords were talking was that maybe it was planned by the CIA or somebody like that. JB: That I have no (laughs) -- JJ: Just giving you a different perspective. JB: Yeah, I don’t remember that theory or yeah. JJ: Okay, now you stayed there since ’75 and then that -- and then after that, what happened for you? 43 �JB: [01:12:00] My wife and I split up in -- at the -- in ’74. (break in audio) JB: So eventually, I moved out of the neighborhood and I moved to South Shore about a year later, maybe six months later. Seventy-five I think I moved out. Then from South Shore, I moved to this house here. JJ: Were you -- did you stay? JB: When I was in South Shore, I married my second wife. JJ: Okay. JB: My current wife, Ellen. JJ: Did you stop being active or after that or...? JB: No, I continued to participate with Progressive Labor Party. JJ: Okay. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) How did it...? JB: In the ‘70s, we helped to drive the Nazis out of Marquette Park, for instance. JJ: Oh, okay. The Progressive Labor Party did that? JB: Right. [01:13:00] We broke the band and they weren’t allowing people to march into Marquette Park from Englewood, for instance. So we organized a picket line in front of the Nazi headquarters in fall of -- in the spring of ’77. We still have a picket line from their headquarters. We had to physically fight them to maintain the picket line. So we broke that band. We invaded their headquarters, had a political meeting the following year, and trashed the place and drove the people out. One of our members was arrested and we supported her through her trials or through her court case. It never actually went to trial because we kept the pressure on them until finally, we had a May Day March in May Day of 1979. 44 �They were not able to mop any kind of resistance to our May Day march at the Marquette Park. The state’s attorney eventually dropped the case. He tried to reinstate it once. It got dropped once, he tried to [01:14:00] reinstate it once, and eventually, the Nazis didn’t show up to testify and he dropped the case. There was a little bit more to it than that but that’s a long story short so... JJ: Right. So now, what are you doing now, basically? JB: I retired in 1997 as a high school teacher. I’m teaching at the college level, Chicago State University. I teach part-time. Biology to non-majors. I continue my activities in the Progressive Labor Party. JJ: You’re very active. It sounds like you’re very active in the Progressive Labor Party. Are you getting higher in position now there or no? JB: It’s not -- no, we don’t really have higher positions. [01:15:00] Basically, our clubs and leaders and we’re active on the campus helping students organize around student demands. JJ: Were you involved with this Occupy Wall Street movement at all? JB: Yeah. When it came up, I would go downtown Chicago and students at Chicago State were affected by it. We helped to organize an Independent Student Union Chapter last year. That by Thanksgiving time, they were occupying an administration building around their demands. So yeah, I’m still (laughs) doing as much as I can. I’m not as energetic as I used to be. JJ: In between cutting the little piglets or...? (laughter) I wrote a -- I’m [01:16:00] (inaudible) an ad into the biology class. JB: Oh, the dissection? Yeah, we’re still doing that. 45 �JJ: You’re still doing that? JB: Yeah, I’ll be doing that this semester. Cutting open a fetal pig with the students, yeah. JJ: I don’t know. What else? Is there anything that we haven’t said? JB: That we haven’t covered? JJ: That we haven’t covered? We didn’t really get into your -- JB: Yeah, I know -- I don’t remember when Ralph moved out to California. But after Ellen, my wife and I, got married in ’77, she had been working in California. I met her when her father died; She came back to Chicago to be with her mother. Though [01:17:00] when we went back there to visit, I think the first time was on our honeymoon, we went out there. I had some idea where Ralph was living and I finally found him through the post office. So I visited him out there. A couple years later, we went back. I visited him again one more time and then we sort of lost track. I hadn’t realized he died until you told me this evening. So yeah, I’m sorry to hear that. JJ: Did you ever meet his other family? JB: His brother, [Luis?]. I knew [Quinn?]’s -- JJ: Luis was a Young Lord, too. I was saying -- JB: Oh, was Luis? I wasn’t sure -- I didn’t remember that. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Yeah. I think I met his father at the wedding. But that’s -- I’ve seen Luis more than once. JJ: Okay. You saw him more than once? [01:18:00] 46 �JB: Yeah, but just briefly. Let’s see. I knew Quinn; I knew Quinn was a baby. I remember when Quinn was born. JJ: What kind of work did his father do? JB: Ralph’s father? JJ: Yeah. JB: I can’t recall. JJ: I know they were from Lake View, too. They were -- JB: Ralph worked for the airlines. I know that. JJ: Oh yeah, he worked for the airlines. JB: He worked for American Airlines. He was still working for American Airlines when he was out in California. JJ: (inaudible) got those jobs. (inaudible) like that. [Division P?] was another one there. But his father, what about the...? JB: I don’t recall what his father did. JJ: All right. Okay. Anything else that we haven’t covered yet? JB: No. JJ: You’re living now on the south side. JB: [01:19:00] I’m living here? JJ: I mean we don’t need to hear this. JB: Oh where we are now you mean? JJ: You’re not on the north side anymore I mean. JB: Oh, no. I haven’t been on -- lived on the north side since ’75. JJ: Is this where you’re active here basically or...? 47 �JB: Yeah, yeah. JJ: In this area or...? JB: I belong to a group called Unity and Diversity -- [Unity in Diversity?] in this neighborhood. After I retired, I joined in ’98. It was a group that was organized around some of the hate crimes in this area. Even though it has a reputation of being an integrated area, it doesn’t mean that people knew how to get along. Actually, in the late ‘90s, this was the -- this 19th ward here including Beverly, Morgan Park, and Mount Greenwood, had the highest number of hate crimes of any ward in the city. [01:20:00] Ninety-seven, 98. So I got involved in that group. Since the war in the Middle East or I mean since the war in invasions of Iraq, there was a peace organization. [South Side of Peace?] was organized. In fact, I’ll be attending a meeting tomorrow night. So I’m probably involved in too many things. (laughs) Hard to keep up with everything. JJ: Anything else? Otherwise what about for Hampton? Did you follow what happened to him? Because that was not too long after Rev. Johnson. JB: Right. What was that, 1970 I think? JJ: Right. Because (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) once; it was a -- JB: I was aware of it. JJ: You were just aware of it. JB: Oh, yeah. [01:21:00] Very much aware of it. But I wasn’t in touch with any Panthers; Didn’t know any Panthers. JJ: Okay. But you knew it was like a Rainbow Coalition with the Young Lords and the Panthers and that or were you familiar with that? 48 �JB: Not too familiar with that. I knew that there was friendly feeling and we had that meeting that time in our apartment. My feeling was that the Young Lords were sort of trying to pattern themselves after what the Panthers were doing. JJ: Okay. Do you know any of the programs? JB: The only other contact I had with that is in 19-- when I met Ellen in ’76 I believe it was, she’s a retired attorney. JJ: Oh, to your wife? JB: Yes. When she came back as I mentioned, she came back to Chicago. So [01:22:00] she was not a part of any particular -- JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) attorney or...? JB: No. Although she participated in that trial with the -- she wasn’t an attorney in court, but they had several attorneys around that Black Panther defense. JJ: Which...? Okay, so your wife [Alan?]? JB: Right. So she helped -- JJ: What’s her last name? JB: Hirschmann. [Ellen Hirschmann?]. Yeah. So she participated in that defense. She was -- JJ: With the People’s Law Office? JB: Yeah. JJ: Okay. JB: She was assigned to go through all these photographs that the Red Squad had taken all those years to try to find -- JJ: The Red Squad? 49 �JB: Remember the police, the Red Squad? JJ: What were they? What were they -- yeah, I’m (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). JB: No, right. I know you know. JJ: (laughs) JB: This group of police officers in the Chicago police department [01:23:00] that were assigned to harass radicals or infiltrate radical groups. One of the things they did to intimidate people was take a lot of photographs at rallies and marches. JJ: They actually were parked 24 hours a day in front of the church. JB: I believe that. (laughs) JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) JB: And I probably knew that at the time. JJ: The police car was there all the time. JB: Yeah, I probably knew that at the time but... JJ: So they were in charge of taking photographs and... JB: That was one of the things they did. So they were -- you would have to talk to Ellen. I don’t know what they were looking for but she was assigned to go through that were involved, those photographs that had something to do with the Panthers. And look for anything that would be useful in court. JJ: Was she to retire now or...? JB: Yeah. Her -- JJ: Or is she...? 50 �JB: [01:24:00] That wasn’t the main thing she did but that was about the time she came back to Chicago when that was going on. But she eventually got involved with representing -- she was part of the -- what was it called? Cook County Legal Assistance Foundation, something like that. And eventually ended up in private practice with attorneys who were suing the -- suing Ronald Reagan’s government for denying social security disability. And Black long benefits to people in Illinois. So actually, she had a very high winning percentage because they just denied everybody out of hand. Eventually, the courts finally told them they couldn’t do that anymore because they were just flooded with these [01:25:00] cases and they were ridiculous cases so... JJ: So she was winning. That’s good. JB: Yeah. They had no business denying them in the first place but they just were -that was their policy. Deny everybody and see -- and let you hire a lawyer to challenge it. Which a lot of people couldn’t do. Unless they could get a lawyer like in her department, they would do it on a contingency basis. (pause) Like I mentioned, the last time I talked to Ralph was probably around ’79, ’80 in California. I’ve never seen Jackie or Quinn. JJ: Quinn was his son? JB: Son. I think that [01:26:00] was his name, yeah. Since he left Chicago. Since they broke up. Or anybody else in his family. I don’t think I’ve seen any of the Young Lords. I remember [Pancho?] getting killed. JJ: Jose, Pancho, what do you remember about him? His death? 51 �JB: It was pretty horrible. I think he was beaten to death with a baseball bat or something. That’s -- JJ: Because of his skin, basically. He was dark-complected Puerto Rican, I guess. JB: I never knew the circumstances. I just remember hearing about it. JJ: Yeah. Something he was defending his brother from another -- like a white gang. JB: Oh, I didn’t realize that. JJ: Yeah. He was standing up for his brother, yeah. They called his brother names and he went back and [01:27:00] they got him, basically, so... But that’s the way he was. Pancho would not be afraid -- he’s a young guy. He wasn’t afraid to tell them back. But the significant thing about that was that we went to trials and they said justifiable homicide. Not justifiable homicide but they didn’t arrest anybody. One of the guys was a brother to a policeman so that’s why they didn’t arrest him. But we went to his trial and it was like they ignored the Puerto Rican community, basically. So that was the significance of that trial. JB: Of the Puerto Rican Four? Quatro? JJ: No, Pancho. Pancho. The Quatro Lords was ma-- right. They didn’t arrest anybody -- they didn’t arrest James Lamb and they tried to blame -- JB: Oh Lamb, maybe it was the cop’s name, yeah. JJ: They tried to blame the Quatro Lords for it [01:28:00] in the Mauel Ramos case. What I heard was that they tried to grab the off-duty policeman and were turning him into the police. Because they didn’t know he was a cop at the time. That’s what I heard. But I mean I wasn’t there; You were there. 52 �JB: Yeah. As I recall, they were just simply trying to find out who he was and keep him calm. Because he had this gun and none of us had a gun going up against him so... JJ: No, I mean after the shooting is what I’m saying. That they jumped on him or something and they -- that’s why they arrested these four people. (inaudible) Lords. JB: Oh. Oh, that could be. Things happen so fast. I remember going outside, I remember being -- trying to deal with him, trying to talk to him. I remember him firing and then I remember seeing Pancho being carried out and I ran [01:29:00] towards him. JJ: You mean Manuel, Manuel. JB: Yeah, I’m sorry. Manuel. JJ: Manuel Ramos, yeah. JB: Seeing Manuel being carried out and I ran toward him. When they threw him in - they just tossed him into the paddy wagon. JJ: Were they drunk at the party? They just tossed him into the paddy wagon. JB: Yeah, they just tossed him in the paddy wagon. No, no, there was nobody out. People were drinking. I was drinking. But I’d only had a couple. Nobody was drunk to the point where they were making bad judgement or something like that. JJ: Was it a wild party or...? JB: No, it wasn’t. I guess what drew the cop to us was the shots that were fired outside the party -- outside in the alley. We were having a party so I guess he 53 �figured it had something to do with us, right? [01:30:00] So then after I jumped in the van, I don’t know what happened after that. JJ: So there was some noise in the alley and he came to the party. It didn’t have to do with the party. JB: Right. This was a few minutes later. JJ: Okay. Oh, not right away. This was -- JB: No. We weren’t even sure, at least I wasn’t even sure, that it had -- that there was any connection. I think we sort of figured this all out later. Because at the time, things were happening really fast, you know? JJ: Uh-huh. Then he just shot into the hallway and that’s where Manuel was standing? JB: Into the doorway of the house. JJ: Into the doorway of the house. JB: Yeah, so some of us were outside. The cop with the gun was outside and other people had come. They were all crowded in the doorway looking to see what was happening. And he fired into the doorway. JJ: So all they were doing was trying to figure out what was going on. [01:31:00] There were people outside already. He actually grabbed your arm and fired. JB: Right. And fired. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) At the same time he was firing, he had one -- he had his left hand on my arm and his right hand -- I think he was right-handed -- firing the gun. JJ: At random. There was no one with a gun there. 54 �JB: Right. I’m not sure what -- how I responded then. I don’t know if I hit the ground or what happened but I can’t remember anything until my next memory is seeing them dragging Manuel out. At some point, other cops showed up. Then I don’t know exactly when that was so... JJ: But you jumped into the paddy wagon and tried to help him. JB: Yeah, they just tossed him in like he was a sack of grain. I could see he was bleeding so I jumped in. Next thing I [01:32:00] know, the doors are shut and we’re heading toward the hospital. JJ: This was like a baptism or something or a birthday? JB: It was a birthday party as I recall. JJ: For a little girl or...? JB: Yeah. Two-year-old daughter. JJ: Was somebody -- either Sal’s or Orlando’s. JB: Yeah. You can correct me if I’m -- I may be wrong on whose daughter it was but that’s how I recall it. It was a birthday party. My wife and I were still on our honeymoon. I think I was supposed to go back to work the next Monday. This was like the weekend before school started up again. We got married on spring break. JJ: So it was a birthday party. Were there kids in there, too, or...? JB: I guess so, yeah. Must’ve been. I don’t remember a lot of kids but -- JJ: You saw some kids. JB: There was -- yeah. JJ: Because it was a party for kids. 55 �JB: It was mainly adults, so I don’t know if it was an excuse to have an adult party (laughs) or what. JJ: [01:33:00] Okay, but it was mainly adults. JB: It seemed to me that it was a birthday party. JJ: But it was not wild adults. These are family. JB: No. No. It was like a family party, right. It was -- JJ: It was like a family party. JB: Yeah. Food and cake and music and everybody having a -- JJ: And this officer James Lamb. JB: The lights were on. It wasn’t dark or anything. Lights were bright and everybody was talking and having a good time so... JJ: Okay. So everybody -- the lights were on, everybody -- it was a family party. There was some noise outside and people are wondering what it is and it’s -- JB: We had heard gun shots outside. We knew gunshots had been fired. So I don’t know how much later it was that somebody came in and said, “There’s a man outside with a gun. So -- JJ: As far as you know, it could’ve been him shooting. It could’ve been shooting. As far as -- JB: So I followed other people. [01:34:00] Yeah, as far as I knew, I -- JJ: (laughs) I’m being subjective but -- JB: Yeah. I’m following other people. I saw other people go out. I think Pancho was one -- (break in audio) 56 �JJ: Right. Pancho was there, yeah. JB: I don’t recall who the others were and -- JJ: I know Sal was there. Pancho was there, Sal Delavera -- JB: I know Sal was at the party, right. JJ: The original Pete they called him -- Martinez, [Pete Martinez?]. JB: Okay, I don’t recall. JJ: The original Pete. There was one more but I don’t know if it was Ralph. I don’t know if it was another -- JB: Ralph was inside. JJ: Oh, Ralph was inside. Okay. JB: Yeah, because he was in the doorway. JJ: Okay. JB: That’s why he -- Pancho was in the doorway, Ralph was in the doorway. Pancho got shot through the eye, Ralph got shot through the jaw. JJ: Manuel got shot through the head. JB: I (covers face) -- JJ: Manuel -- sorry. JB: Manuel. I keep -- JJ: [01:35:00] Ralph got shot through the jaw? JB: Yeah. Pancho and I were outside. JJ: Okay. And then our thing was we were -- we made a -- we had several demonstrations. I mean, his funeral was large. But our main concern was that we didn’t just want the police to get away with that. That’s why it went through 57 �the courts, filled up the courts and all that. But again, they claimed justifiable homicide so -JB: Yeah. And also, I remember they tried to cause friction between the [Peace Dones?] and Young Lords. JJ: What do you remember about that? JB: I don’t know. We might’ve had more than one demonstration down at the police station but I remember -- one I remember. We were at the police station and outside the police station, rather, [01:36:00] at a demonstration. At one point, Ralph came up to some of us and said that -- was it the Cobra Stones? I think they had pink [tams?]. JJ: Cobra Stones (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) -- JB: Cobra Stones, right, red [tams?]. So there was a bunch of them off to the side and Ralph said they worried about them. It looked like they were trying to break up our demonstration or something. But apparently, they went and talked with them and got -- and reached some kind of agreement. Or they didn’t know exactly why we were there, maybe. They went over and explained. I wasn’t one of them but I know some people went over and explained to them what it was all about. We were able to bring about some unity. JJ: This was because we were marching through the projects. We had (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) to march through the projects to get to the -- JB: Yeah. We had to get there to get to the [18th?] Street. You had to go down Division Street because 18th district was on Division Street. Division and [Park?], right. 58 �JJ: Eighteenth district police station, yeah. [01:37:00] So we had marched for almost -- I think it was like five miles or something, right? Or four miles. JB: I don’t know what it is. It was a good-size march, yeah. JJ: Right, so we marched about three or four miles or five miles to the police station but you had to go through the projects. JB: Right. If you go down Halsted to Division, then you go through the projects. JJ: Yeah, so I -- we didn’t want to disrespect the Cobra Stones because that was their neighborhood. They were looking at us bad because we were bringing these people through their neighborhood. Later on, they admitted that the gang intelligence unit had paid them money to try to disrupt that march and also McCormick Seminary. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) JB: I probably knew that. That’s where my -- yeah. JJ: So we had the Red Squad and the gang intelligence unit that was at your -- the group. JB: Right. Now, see this is another reason why I didn’t see the Young Lords as a gang. Because gangsters would’ve [01:38:00] taken offense and things would’ve escalated, right? But Ralph is saying, “Let’s figure this out. Let’s develop some unity here.” I guess that’s how they found out by talking with them that they had been approached by the police. JJ: And he was the Deputy Minister of Education, Ralph Rivera -- JB: Yes, that’s what I remember. 59 �JJ: And so you remember that class of the Red Book so they were using the Red Book and Fred was there. Fred Hampton was there at that time. So did you get to know Fred Hampton? You got to meet him? JB: I got to meet him but we didn’t get chummy or anything. JJ: Okay. But it was more relaxed. When we were -- the Young Lords and the Panthers were together, they were (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). JB: Oh yeah, it was very informal. Yeah. JJ: Informal. JB: It was formal to the extent of it was a study group [01:39:00] and so we studied and we had something to study and there was a discussion. But then afterwards, it was socializing. JJ: Right. I know Fred Hampton never used marijuana. I just want to make that clear. I know that for a fact. JB: Okay, well I don’t -- JJ: That’s not saying that I didn’t use it but -- JB: Right. (laughs) JJ: But he definitely didn’t do it. I want to make that clear. JB: Yeah. JJ: But it was informal. It was relaxing and we were in a coalition with the Panthers. So we were in the Rainbow Coalition. JB: Yeah. I wasn’t involved in those things but -- JJ: No, you were not involved in it. Yeah. JB: -- but that much of the business of the Young Lords but -- 60 �JJ: But I didn’t know why we were meeting. I didn’t know that that was Ralph’s house, too. JB: Yeah, we were roommates. JJ: Yeah, see I didn’t know that. That’s why we used to use that house a lot. (laughter) While you were in school teaching. JB: Well, it was fine with me. JJ: No, that’s fine. They used my house, too, until I [01:40:00] got evicted. (laughter) Some of it was prior to the church takeover. And then after, it was (inaudible), too. Yeah. The church takeover was like one day and the next day, we were working together, right? JB: Yeah. JJ: It was just one day and then we decided, “This is not a takeover,” because Rev. Johnson was with us. You understand what he said? “We’re not going to disrespect you. This is not a takeover. Let’s just set up the programs.” JB: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Yeah, it seemed to be a good relationship (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) between at least the minister and the Young Lords. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) He must’ve had some support from his congregation. JJ: We had some support from the congregation but a lot of the congregation didn’t want us there. JB: Yeah, I believe that. JJ: But the (inaudible) especially. (laughs) There were some (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). 61 �JB: (laughter) Oh yeah, no. I can believe that. JJ: But okay. Any final thoughts? JB: [01:41:00] I’ll probably remember some things tomorrow but right now, I can’t think of anything. JJ: Okay. So that’s it? We’re going to end there or...? JB: Yeah, I’ll leave it up to you. If you have other questions, I’ll be happy to answer them. JJ: I think we covered. I mean what you’re doing now, you’re at Chicago State, you’re working with the Progressive Labor Party still. JB: Still, yeah. JJ: Okay. Did you guys work at all in the journey to (inaudible) Washington timeframe or...? JB: No, we’re not involved in electoral politics. JJ: In electoral politics? JB: Yeah. JJ: Okay. So you guys didn’t like the fact that I ran for Alderman. (laughter) Things happen, right? JB: I wasn’t -- I probably wasn’t -- JJ: You’re allowed to make mistakes. (laughs) JB: I don’t vote, but on the other hand -- JJ: Is that how you look at it? We’re allowed to make some mistakes, right? (laughter) JB: But knowing you, I would’ve probably figured you had good intentions. 62 �JJ: All right. We looked at it as a -- just an organizing vehicle. We didn’t believe [01:42:00] that through elections, we were going to make change. But we looked at it as an organizing vehicle and we did pretty well getting 39 percent of the vote so -- JB: Yeah. I don’t know that at some point, we might not do the same in the Progressive Labor Party if we see it useful as a vehicle but -- JJ: It was survival, too. They were trying to destroy the group so that was one way to keep our group in the public eye. JB: Oh, okay. Yeah. It’s -- JJ: So that was another reason that we did that. We got criticized for -- from the left, from some on the left. JB: Yeah, I’m sure. JJ: But we’re okay. We’re okay with it. I think we covered... Any -- in your life personally that you think that people should know about you and your family? JB: (pause) I’m [01:43:00] happy that my wife supports me in my political work and my children. They’re not members of Progressive Labor Party but they’re not giving me grief for being there, being a communist. So they don’t necessarily agree with everything but I’m happy to have a family that was able to survive the high school years without getting in drug -- involved in drugs or anything like that. Let’s see, seven out of eight are working. My kids and their spouses or fiancés (laughs) and stuff; That’s good. JJ: Any good things happening at Chicago State or...? 63 �JB: It’s an interesting story because when I [01:44:00] started teaching at the college level, I started teaching at [Daley City College?]. Wayne Watson was the chancellor over the City Colleges. He’s now my boss again at Chicago State. But when I was at City Colleges as a part-timer, half the classes were being taught by part-timers. We had no union organization. We were getting low or very low wages, very few benefits. The pension was all, the pension plan. So we organized a union. As a result, it was -- I didn’t keep my job very long. They found ways to ease me out. Part-timers, we -- basically, we renew our contract every semester. When we turn in our grades, we’re basically unemployed. So my contract wasn’t renewed so I got a job at Chicago State and all of a sudden, I see the same guy’s (laughs) over there, my boss. So [01:45:00] not happy about that but I’m happy to be working with my colleagues and I’m happy to be working with the students so... I still take the side of the students against the administration. (laughs) JJ: We’ll leave it there. JB: Okay. JJ: Thank you. END OF VIDEO FILE 64 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5713db658bccb91e30d3731bd4571746.mp4 5159a4353ee68f713e431f1aeef27f77 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry John Boelter vídeo entrevista y biografía Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Puertorriqueños--Relatos personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park (RHC-65)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Boelter_John Title A name given to the resource John Boelter video interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boelter, John Description An account of the resource John Boelter was one of the Chicago Teachers Union members on strike in September 1968 at Waller High School, known today by its new name, Lincoln Park High. Today he is a Professor of Biology at Chicago State University. In 1968, a prominent Young Lord, Ralph “Spaghetti” Rivera returned from Puerto Rico and subleased a room from Dr. Boelter. Mr. Rivera, who grew up in Lakeview, wanted to be closer to the Young Lords who were then hanging out in front of the Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church which later to become the People’s Church, on the corner of Dayton Street and Armitage Avenue. In Puerto Rico, Mr. Rivera had been hanging out with M.P.I. (Movimiento Pro Independencia) and F.U.P.I. (Federacion Universitaria Pro Independencia) their student auxiliary, at University of Puerto Rico campus in Rio Piedras. He was going through a political transformation. Upon arriving in Chicago, Mr. Rivera soon discovered that his Young Lords colleagues were also going through a transformation. They had been reorganized once again by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez and the members were struggling with each other on whether to remain apolitical as just a gang or to become a human rights movement. Mr. Rivera joined in fully to help Mr. Jiménez, and they together designed the original Young Lords button that read, “Tengo Puerto Rico En Mi Corazón ( I have Puerto Rico in my heart) with a green map of Puerto Rico in the center, and a brown arm and fist holding a rifle. The initials YLO, which stood for “Young Lords Organization,” was at the bottom. They had added organization to their name, to make it clear that they were now involved in a class struggle, fighting for Latinos, the poor, and for Puerto Rican self-determination. Mr. Rivera became one of the Young Lords’ first P.E. (political education) class teachers, as these sessions were being held in the different homes of members including. LP Records of speeches by Malcom X, Fidel Castro, Don Pedro Albizu Campos, Mao Tse Tung’s Little Red Book, the National Question, Panther films, and Saul Alinsky strategies were being used as tools for study. It was in Mr. Boelter’s and Mr. Rivera’s house where Chicago Black Panther Party Chairman Fred Hampton and the Panthers first arrived on Dayton and Armitage. They were led from the corner to the house to meet Dr. Boelter, Mr. Rivera, Mr. Jiménez, and the Young Lords. The Black Panthers broke bread and drank Wild Irish Rose (Fred Hampton did not drink or use drugs) on ice, smoked some weed, and joked a little, cementing a relationship that has lasted to this day. On a different day within a few weeks at the same location, it was informally agreed to join together with the Young Patriots. BPP Field Marshall Bob Lee was working with them. The three groups, who were already major players within their own communities, became the original members of the alliance known as the Rainbow Coalition. This was followed by several press conferences announcing the Rainbow Coalition, including one where Congressman Bobby Rush, appears in a photo with the Young Lords, Young Patriots and other Black Panthers but where Mr. Jiménez and Mr. Hampton were unable to be present. The Rainbow Coalition was strongly woven together to the credit of the organizations that took part in it. They all were committed and followed the same vanguard ideology of the BPP. But it is significant to note that the Rainbow Coalition was more symbolic than a structured organization. It was the mass way for all the grassroots organizations to find common ground and to join together for support of each other’s struggles, and it soon spread to other movements and groups like Rising Up Angry, the Intercommunal Survival Committees, Red Guard, Brown Berets, S.D.S. and many other groups in many cities. After the Young Lords went underground and the Puerto Rican and low income residents of Lincoln Park were completely removed by Mayor Richard J. Daley and his patronage machine, Dr. Boelter moved south to Morgan Park. Dr. Boelter also joined the Progressive Labor Party. The Progressive Labor Party had left the Communist Party years before, because their belief was that “they want to skip the Dictatorship of the Proletariat and go right into utopia.” They are against racism and respect workers, but do not want to cling on to leaders or unions, preferring to organize the masses. They have been accused of “catering more to the petty bourgeoisie and the aristocracy of labor.” Then they rejected the Black Panthers and Young Lords use of Nationalism as an important step. They also had become part of S.D.S. and by 1969 were their largest faction. Dr. Boelter today is still a member. These political discussions on all sides were part of the Lincoln Park era in the late 60s and 70s. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-08-20 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d526bba23b1efb4f23c732d1de5c9fc9.jpg c2e0a9d89f4a9b3a9d75684e7464de50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS1064.B5 J6 1906 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0432 Title A name given to the resource John Dorn: Promoter Description An account of the resource Binding of John Dorn: Promoter, by Charles Eugene Banks, published by Monarch Book Company, 1906. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5ec80597de3adf68688fb680fc95e07f.pdf c667839d4a74980f0b3e0e1f05e9b717 PDF Text Text ' ' Noted Oarsman ies at 83 I ,I John F. Corbet~ one of the country's noted oarsmen in his younger ays., as he appeared· at the height of his career in 1893 when he won i $1,000 prize at the Columbian expositio11, defeating Edward Clater n a single sculls race. ry Corbet, ote .· Scul e_ , Tomorrow Funeral serv~ices for J"ol111 F . Corbet, i11 l1is you11ger days one of the most fa111ous oarsmen of the countr~.,. \vl1e11 tl1at sport ranked high in popularity, ,vill be l1eld tomorrow afternoon at 2 o'clock in the chapel at 5501 North Ashland avenue. Burial will be in Elmwood cen1etery. t Corbet, who was 83 years old~ died Friday in .his home at 6329 North Francisco avenue. A month ago he attended the funeral of Edward Clator, Corbet's opponent.in his last professional race. In 1893, as a feature of the world's Columbian exposition, Corbet beat Clator in a single scull race and won the then unheard of purse of $1,000_. ' 4 ] j C I r • •• lVins Ue S. Amateur Title. In his pri111e, Corbet held the an1ateur . cl1ampio11ship of tl1e Uni t e d Mr. Corbet as he appeared in · States for si11gle sculls from 1887 tl1rougl1 1889. defeating sucl1 famous his later years. Fu11eral services rowers as Ed\vard Hamlon, George will be held tomoriOWa Hosmer, and John _Teemert a11d Den11y Donohue of Hamilto11, Ca11. fl1 e d'eff:~ of .D011ol1ue ,vas Corbet's biggest fhriU- ..., se the Chicagoa11 1 tl1at_ da)7 '\\1 as t11e U1• .. in th.e betting·. 111 1887 Corbet, reprcsenti11g Cl1i• cago, wo11 the se11ior singles championship of the Mississippi Valley Rowing associatio11, and the North• ,vestern uni\rersity race. On Lake :hatauqua, N. Y., he repeated th.is feat J a11d the folJ.o,vi11g day defeated the best amateurs of t he United. States " and Ca11ada. Record Sta11ds 15 - Years. The next year, at Duluth, Min11., < Corbet rowed the quarter mile in one minute and 1!) seconds. ~his mark remained on the records of the Amateur Athletic union for fifteen years. At tl1a t time Corbet was a member of the old Fa:-ragut Boat club, to which leadi11g Chicago sportsmen belonged. Soo11 after the old ,vorld.'s fair, Corbet b e c a m e coach of tl1e Grand Rapids Boa.t a11d Canoe club, a posi• tio11 l1e held for se,ren years. !11 all except one )'ear l'lis cre\v swept the v1aters of the central \vest in every rowing event. He the11 became coach of the Lincoln Park Boat a11d Canoe club, remaining there for twelve years, during the time of the late Walter Eckersall of University of Chicago football fame who became a . sports ,v r i t e r for THE CHICAGO- I TRIBUNE. Corbet had been employed by the Peoples Gas Light and Coke company since 1873. He 1·etired· on a pension in 1921. A s011, George H., survives. One Son Killed . in Action. A11otl1er so11, Jol1n F. Jr., was killed in act ion ,:vit h the marines duri11g tl1e \\ orld war. Tl1e son, who l1ad bee11 trained bJ' l1is father, at the tin1e of l1is death held tl1e Mississippi ,,alle:\' ro\ving cl1an1pionship of tl1e si11g·lc sculls, wl1ich his ·f athe r had l1eld years before. 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Ephemera-GRRC_F203 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chicago Tribune Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Title A name given to the resource John F. Corbet Death Description An account of the resource Newspaper clipping of eulogy for John F. Corbet, who died at 83 and won a $1,000 prizeat the Columbian exposition, defeating Edward Clator in a single sculls race. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Rapids Rowing Club Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1087797369ed63a41b87a2f85c834be5.jpg b2f4f0c461d6efc5de6567b046631320 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fore-Edge Paintings Subject The topic of the resource Fore-edge painting Painting Description An account of the resource A fore-edge painting is a miniature watercolor executed on the fanned edge or edges of a book; when the book is closed the art disappears, now hidden by the edge gilding. This genre of painting dates from the 1500s, flourished in the 1800s, and is still practiced today. Anonymous and undated paintings include landscapes, scenes and characters from literature, and portraits of authors. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Book Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV-02 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV-02_FE_013 Title A name given to the resource John Gilpin Riding His Horse Through Edmonton Description An account of the resource Painting on the fore-edge of "The poetical works of William Cowper." Image is based on "The Diverting History of John Gilpin," a comic ballad by Cowper, about a man who lost control of his horse. Subject The topic of the resource Edmonton (London England) Fore-edge painting Painting Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1853 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. ND2370.C69 P64 1853 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/27430c8f9c749429a3cd13df174dd741.jpg 54e8140647cc57414107b19fa34d93d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I023-0022 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-02-06 Title A name given to the resource John Gossage Exhibition Opening, New York City Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of an exhibition opening for photographer, John Gossage, in New York, New York. In the photograph, Gossage is seen mingling among the groups of people having conversations in the gallery and his photographs are seen on display on the gallery walls in the background. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gossage, John R. New York (N.Y.) Photographers--New York (State)--New York Exhibitions--New York (State)--New York Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/63d1cf779c13f4d10988185ce94791c4.jpg 65d3b6b5aa63dd0698953fd7506b1a5d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I023-0028 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-02-06 Title A name given to the resource John Gossage Exhibition Opening, New York City Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a close-up view of photographer, John Gossage, during his photo exhibition opening in New York, New York. In the photograph, Gossage is seen wearing a leather jacket and leaning against a doorway with one of his photographs featured on the wall behind him. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gossage, John R. New York (N.Y.) Photographers--New York (State)--New York Exhibitions--New York (State)--New York Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bab0d89f6ecc6cc24022b8378b45bf08.jpg 4d80482eec03f489e3a97e69b0a2a5db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_E155-0027a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-07-23/1964-07-26 Title A name given to the resource John Hammond, Jr. Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of John Hammond, Jr. performing at the Newport Folk Festival in July 1964. Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Hammond, John, 1942- Blues musicians Newport Folk Festival Newport (R.I.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/32333a7f0889d6f228292e49349828e0.jpg 35a2b8246f6c9258c70e34ce6281e7fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_E167-0012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-07-23/1964-07-26 Title A name given to the resource John Hammond, Jr. Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of John Hammond, Jr. performing at the Newport Folk Festival in July 1964. Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Hammond, John, 1942- Blues musicians Newport Folk Festival Newport (R.I.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9827c7d55448d8692377f8f0f274825f.jpg 5420048ddf1d435c9f2c80959a15079e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_E187-0004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-07-23/1964-07-26 Title A name given to the resource John Hammond, Jr. Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of John Hammond, Jr. performing at the Newport Folk Festival in July 1964. Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Hammond, John, 1942- Blues musicians Newport Folk Festival Newport (R.I.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9958701c5359f5ac7d0888a7c7fad4e8.jpg 5767f281ab55c016bc2e844b48ccb8d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_JohnHartford Title A name given to the resource John Hartford, April 4, 1973 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource John Hartford, in the Louis Armstrong Theatre, April 4, 1973 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aa59b18d85797433611e755bb5c7767d.jpg 1de76273893e25dab372d2b449f73a14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_1983-John-Lennon_002b Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Title A name given to the resource John Lennon (theater production), 1983 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 1983 production of "John Lennon." In this image six actors dressed as American hippies are staged on a minimal set. On the right is a drum kit, and one man holds a guitar. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 1983s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c1eebb1445fa2d16651cd5204d837143.jpg 135c7843b0e948860e1e6e9840ac8ebf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_1983-John-Lennon_003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Title A name given to the resource John Lennon (theater production), 1983 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 1983 production of "John Lennon." In this image six actors dressed in 1960s and 70s fashion are staged on a minimal set. On the left one man plays drum kit while another holds a guitar. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 1983s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c3c418684eaff2f13a7107ddc9903aeb.jpg 72f2520a87abd7fb2eadc45a2d61fac1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_1983-John-Lennon_003b Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Title A name given to the resource John Lennon (theater production), 1983 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 1983 production of "John Lennon." Close up shot of three actors. One in the middle holds a guitar. Behind them on the walls of the set is a large sketch of a face. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 1983s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bd576d5ee501f3931994bcc1d0863489.jpg 144af73e5dce743243514c7e3384b122 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_1983-John-Lennon_100 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Title A name given to the resource John Lennon (theater production), 1983 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 1983 production of "John Lennon." In this image five actors dressed in 1960s and 70s fashion are staged on a minimal set. The three women are arm in arm, dancing as if they were backup dancers, while the two men wave their hands in the air. The wall behind them is painted with a flowering branch. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 1983s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cf68fc39f8c72ca3d105a408530e7821.jpg 77bbcd9af00321cf6f8cf84cc8567ba4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_1983-John-Lennon_278 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Title A name given to the resource John Lennon (theater production), 1983 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 1983 production of "John Lennon." In this image eight actors dressed in 1960s and 70s fashion are staged on a minimal set. In the foreground are three couples holding hands. In the background two musicians play a drum kit and guitar. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 1983s