433 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/31401ad725b8a188e7c45efb0a98e448.pdf b13d3d37f095330d70d49ee4330b5c50 PDF Text Text +++++++++++++++++++-Vol.I No. 4 July/August 1987 ~++++++++++++++++ ***************************************************************************** Dear Sisters and Brothers In Christ: The Office for Native Americans, in cooperation with the Secretariat for Social Concerns, will present a special mass to honor the Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha on Sunday July 12, 1987 at St. Mary's Parish in Grand Rapids. The mass will begin at 4:00 p.m. with a potluck immediately following. Please bring a dish to pass and table service. Beverages will be provided. Our guest celebrant will be Fr. Georges P. Mathieu of Prairie Band Potawatomi ancestry. This year, Fr. Georges celebrated bis 50th year as a priest on May 23, 1987. His service to his Creator and to his community has been outstanding. What's needed to make it special is you, your family, and friends. Sunday July 12, 1987 st. Mary's Parish 423 First st. N.W. Grand Rapids 4:00 p.m. Ble s s e d Kateri was a woman of great compassion and commitment. Let u s gather in her honor in gratitude to God and loyalty to her. Together In Christ, ,,/f.-ud' @a,0J,). Fred Chivis Jr. BLESSED KATERI TEKAKWITHA -Born at Auriesville, NY 1656 -Baptized at Fonda, NY 1676 -Died at Caughnawaga, Canada April 17, 1680 -Declared Venerable Jan. 3, 1943 -Declared Blessed June 22, 1980 -Feast Day celebrated on July 14 �PRAYER FOR HER CANONIZATION 0 GOD, who among the many marvels of Your Grace in the New World, did cause to blossom on the banks of the Mohawk and of the St. Lawrence, the pure and tender Lily, Kateri Tekakwitha, grant we beseech You, the favor we beg through her intercession --that this Young Lover of Jesus and of His Cross may soon be counted among her Saints by Holy Mother Church, and that our hearts may be enkindled with a stronger desire to imitate her innocence and faith. Through the same Christ Our Lord. Amen. IMPRIMATUR: Most Reverend Howard J. Hubbard, D.D. KATERI TEKAKWITHA: SOURCES OF INFORMATION We can thank the Society of Jesus for first-hand information about the only North American Indian to be delared "Blessed" --the second step in the process of canonization, of dejlaring a follower of Christ a saint (or resident of Heaven.) One of the duties of the Jesuit priests that came to Canada during the 17th Century as missionaries were to keep records. These were compiled into reports which were sent back to France --where they were widely circulated among Europeans. From 1896 to 1901 these reports of the Jesuits were translated, edited, and printed in English by Rueben G. Thwaites in Cleveland. Entitled Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, the 73 volumes can be found in the Grand Rapids Public Library and in the libraries of Grand Valley State and Aquinas colleges. The two-volume index is very helpful in locating information. Over 40 entries about Blessed Kateri are listed under "Tegakwitha" on page 355 of the second volume of the Index. These entries can be found mainly in Volumes 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, and 71. The Jesuit Relations are also a source of information about life in the villages of the Iroquois, the Huron, the Ottawa, and the Ojibwao But be prepared for biases on the part of the French as well as on the part of the 19th Century translators. �THE FIRST PORTRAIT OF BLESSED KATERI TEKAKWITHA This portrait, painted from memory one year after her death in 1680, is the work of Father Claude Chauchetiere, S.J, Fr. Chauchetiere --an amateur artist to be sure-- painted many pictures illustrating religious themes for his Indian converts, who had no written language. Fr. Chauchetiere was one of several priests who made up the religious community that served the Catholic Christian Indians at the Village of Caughnawaga, which is not far from present day Montreal. Because we have photocopied a photograph of the original oil painting, the quality is indeed poor. But accompanying the painting/picture found on page 176 of the Jesuit Relations is an excellent description of the clothing worn by Kateri and the other converts. PIERRE CHOLENEC, S,J,--BLESSED KATERI'S FIRST BIOGRAPHER When she arrived at the Christian village of Caughnawaga, Fr. Pierre Cholenec, S,J, became her confessor, Born in the Province of Leon, France on June 30, 1641, Cholenec entered the Society of Jesus at the age of 18. In 1674 he was sent to the Canadian missions, Shortly after Blessed Kateri's death, Fr. Cholenec wrote his biography of her. The original manuscript is still in the archives of the Jesuit Monastery of St, Jerome, Quebec, �YOU ARE INVITED • . • • SEND CORRESPONDENCE TO: MONTHLY LITURGY FOR NATIVE AMERICANS August 5, September 2, October 7 (First Wednesday of the month) at 7:30 pm St. James School Chapel, 750 First St., NW Grand Rapids, Michigan SESQUICENTENNIAL OF CATHOLICISM AMONG THE POKAGAN BAND POTAWATOMI INDIANS August 14 - 16 Sacred Heart of Mary Church Silver Creek, Cass County, Michigan Rustic camping available Contact Sr. Anne Jeffrey, o.p., 109 Spruce st., Dowagiac, MI 49047. 616/782-5298 I ANNUAL TEKAKWITHA LITURGY Sunday July 12 at 4:00 pm. Potluck following. St. Mary's Church, 423 First St., NW Grand Rapids, MI NATIONAL TEKAKWITHA CONFERENCE AND VISIT BY POPE JOHN PAUL II September 12 - 14, 1987 Phoenix, Arizona KATERI CIRCLE ACTIVITIES Contact Vi Cummings, 616/458-3979 ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK Indian Catholic Ministry 650 Burton Street, SE Grand Rapids, MI 49507 Ph, 616/243-0491 Ext, 35 ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK is pub- lished six times yearly by the Office of Indian Catholic Ministries for the following purposes: 0 to inform the Indian Catholic of pertinent religious programs and liturgical events; @ to disseminate news of personal. spiritual and social significence to the Indian Catholic community; and @) to provide a vehicle for discussion of Native American religious values and beliefs within the context of the message of Jes us Christ. SPIRITUAL DIRECTOR Fr. Pal Cawley MINISTRY COORDINATOR Fred Chivis, Jr. NEWSLETTER EDITOR . Shirley Francis +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK Office of Indian Catholic Ministries 650 Burton Street, S,W, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49507 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_anishnabe_v1n4_1987-07 Title A name given to the resource Anishnabe Kati-Neek, July/August 1987 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-07 Description An account of the resource July/August 1987 (Volume 1, Number 4) issue of Anishnabe Kati-Neek by the Indian Catholic Ministry collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Catholic Ministry Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francis, Shirley (Editor) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/036f85ccac8328f0a2586cfe1148227e.pdf 02083bb96add72fc1620d2a3e8568c66 PDF Text Text ANISHNABE ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• +++++++++++++++++++- Vol. 3 No. 3 KATI-NEEK •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• fall 1988 t++++++++++++++++ ·······································•***************************•********* THE 49TH ANNUAL TEKAKWITHA CONFERENCE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY BOZEMAN,MONTANA AUGUST 10 - 14, 1988 During this week August 10-14, thirtyseven representatives of Michigan attended the 49th Annual Tekakwitha Conference held in Bozeman, Montana. Representatives from nearly 100 tribes, thirty-five states and five Canadian Provinces were present. Our first Native American Catholic Bishop, Bishop Donald E. Pelotte, Coadjutor Bishop of Gallup, New Mexico, along with our newest Native American Catholic Bishop, Bishop Charles J. Chaput, the sixth Bishop of Rapid City were present. The sharing of each others gifts, disappointments, struggles and joys all combined to make up a present and future vision for the Native People in the Catholic Church today. To have been a part of this memorable event has been a joyous spiritual uplifting experience - a true blessing to us all. One that we will not soon forget - nor wish to. The Vision Statement which was compiled by the participants and read by Bishop Chaput at the end of the conference appears in its entirety on page two. Joyous occasion: On September 7, 1988 at 7:30 p.m. at St. James Church, we held our monthly Native American Liturgy, in honor of Frank and Vi Compo's 25th Wedding Anniversary. Mr. Frank Bush (Pipe Carrier) performed the Pipe Ceremony. Father Edward Kubiak was celebrant of this Mass. A Reception followed the Mass. Please continue to pray for Mr. & Mrs. Compo. A big thanks to all who attended. On September 10, 1988 at 9:00 a.m. at St. Joseph's Center, 660 Burton S.E. there was a sharing of the trip to the Bozeman Tekakwitha Conference by those who went to Bozeman. Megwetch to all who shared. Due to various personal reasons Tim Pieri former Ministry Coordinator, has resigned. Fr. Pat Cawley is very much available as our Spiritual Director. Also Linda Floyd, Administrator of the Off ice for Social Concerns can be reached at 243-0491 ext. 26. The Kateri Tekakwitha Steering Committee will keep you updated on events. �"As members of the Tekakwitha Conference, we reaffirm our faith in Christ Jesus and our appreciation for the Native communities in which the Creator has placed us. We make the following statement to call all of God's People to a life of holiness and service sustained by the Holy Spirit and inspired by Blessed Kateri T ekakw i tha. "As Native Catholics, we are encouraged by the recognition of our Native cultures, traditions, and languages in the Roman Catholic Church. The beginnings of liturgical incultura tion are nourishing our spiritual lives. We are supportive of the work of the Tekakwitha Conference and all ministers who help to develop and support Native ministries. The dedication of our ministers, Native and non-native, bishops, priests, deacons, women and men religious, and lay ministers strengthens our prayer, our involvement, and our unity. We call for continued support and development of programs for all of our people, especially our youth, that they might be able to appreciate both their Native and Catholic traditions. "At the same time, we recognize that there are certain challenges we face. Addiction to alcohol and drugs is destroying many of our Native people. We need to develop awareness and recovery programs adapted to our Native communities. We need to address the lack of interest in, awareness of, and understanding of our Native cultures by the clergy and by the Church in certain regions of the country. This lack of understanding contributes to a lessening of efforts in inculturation and Native leadership. Our appreciation of the gifts of the women of our Native communities and their participation on all levels needs to be increased. We need to reach out to those who have fallen away from their Native and Catholic Traditions. The youth among us need to feel more welcome and nourished by our Traditions. Well-developed family life and youth ministry programs will begin to address the challenge of moral and values education. A stronger Christian community will concern itself with the small numbers of Native vocations to the priesthood, diacona te, and religious life. Inadequate and insufficient adult education hinders our understanding and acceptance of the changes begun by the Second Vatican Council. Moreover, we do not always have a voice in the decision making processes in our parishes, dioceses, and the Universal Church. Finally, for many of these programs, we lack the necessary financial support. "As a result, we would perceive the following needs in our Native Communities: We need to have a greater sense of pride in ourselves, in our clans, and in our tribes. A greater sense of hospitality will help in healing past wounds, in inviting our youth into the Church, and in Native People who live on our Native homelands and in our rural and urban areas of our country. Through increased inculturation and education, we will be able to participate more actively in our faith communities in roles of leadership and service. Our respect for life, the unborn, the handicapped, and our elders needs to be reinforced and supported. Finally, we need to develop our own Native ministries and leadership programs. "To address our needs we must undertake the following changes. We need more Native bishops and leaders. Our youth must be invited to a greater level of participation on all levels of community and church life. Through an increased appreciation of our Native American cultures and gifts, we will be able to help the process in inculturation as Native People become more involved in the life of the Church. With such active participation, there will hopefully be an increase in training programs for lay and ordained ministers and an increase in Native locations. Since many of our Native communities are experiencing a great shortage of priests, we would like dialogue within the Church to develop creative solutions for ordained ministry. We appreciate the ministry of our native deacons and call for continued support and encouragement for the permanent diaconate. We need to continue and strengthen our commitment to further the work of social and economic justice, not only for our own communities, but for all people who live on Mother Earth. �"We must be strengthened for this task by the many good gifts which we are experiencing in the Church: the active role of the laity, the ongoing dialogue between Native American and Catholic ways, the Tekakwitha Conference, the strong faith life which we share, and the involvement of our young people. "During the next five years, as members of the Tekakwitha Conference, we pledge to address the five following problems: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Insufficient religious education programs, catholic schools, and inadequate numbers of teachers Alcoholism and substance abuse Insufficient Youth Involvement Lack of unity Low self-esteem During the next five years, as members of the Tekakwitha Conference, we pledge to develop the following strengths: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Our Native Spirituality Our Unity Our strong family centeredness Our Youth Involvement Lay, Religious and Ordained Ministries in our communities" TEKRKW ITHR CONFERENCE 1988 A time to LEARN from one another Where two or three are gathered ... �NAVAJO CHANT .• i BL. KATERI TEKAKWITHA House made of Dawn. House made of Evening Light. House made of Dark Cloud. House made of Rain. House made of Dark Mist. House made of Pollen. House made of Grasshoppers. Happily may we walk. May it be beautiful before us. May it be beautiful behind us. May it be beautiful below us. May it be beautiful above us. May it be beautiful around us. In beauty it is finished. A time to SHARE A time to SING Bishops D. E. Pelotte &: J. C. Chaput �THE DIOCESE OF RAPID CITY P.O. Box 678 Rapid City, South Dakota 57709-0678 606 Cathedral Dr. Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-5498 Correspondence: CHANCERY OFFICE Parcel: 605 · 343-3541 August 25, 1988 Sister Anne Jeffrey, O.P. 109 Spruce Street Dowagiac, Michigan 49047 Dear Sister Anne, I do not know how else to thank the Native American Catholic Community of Michigan except through you. Would you please see that my "thanks" gets to the proper place(s). I am grateful for both the beautiful Bible and for the wonderful pipe that were your gifts to me at the time of my ordination and during the Tekakwitha Conference National Assembly in Bozeman. I will always have a special relationship with our Catholic Indians in Michigan. I feel like a part of your community. I am honored and humbled by the love and respect that you show me. I will be going to Rome tomorrow for a visit with the Holy Father. I will take him not only the love of the native people of our Diocese of Rapid City but of our whole country. May God give you peace and every blessing! With love, + B ~ e~ / ~ ·%7. Most Rev. Charles J. Chaput, O.F.M. Cap. Bishop of Rapid City �THIRD ANNUAL MICHIGAN TEKAKWITHA CONFERENCE Tentative dates for the conference are June 23, 24 & 25, 1989. It will be hosted by the Native American Ministry of the Diocese of Gaylord in Peshabestown. In an effort to cut conference registration fees, the dates and site were selected partially to take advantage of the excellent local camping opportunities. Limited housing will be available for invited guests and the elderly. An attempt will be made to reserve blocks of motel rooms in the area at reduced rates. Additional conference specifics will be available as developed. For additional information contact Andy Buvala (616) 271-6551, Sr. Ann Jeffrey (616) 782-5298 or Chet Eagleman (616) 363-5514 (h) (517) 335-8406 (w). NATIVE AMERICAN OLYMPIC BOXER Todd "Kid" Foster, 21 years old, is representing the United States at the Olympic games in Seoul South Korea as the U.S. 139 lb. light weight champion. Todd is Chippewa/Cree from Great Falls, Montana. Prior to leaving for Seoul in August, the city of Great Falls held a Todd "Kid" Foster day. Please remember Todd in your prayers. November 2, 1988 there will be a Potluck at 5:30 p.m. at St. James Family Center, 733 Bridge N.W., followed by 7:30 p.m. mass. December 7, 1988 will be a Native f..merican Liturgy mass at 7:30 p.m. at St. James. Anishnabe Kati-Neek edited by Pamela Maillet. URGENTLY NEEDED - Volunteers for: Social Committee Liturgical Committee Singers Please contact Pamela Maillet at 776-0889. ANISHNABE KATI-NEEK Office of Indian Catholic Ministries Diocese of Grand Rapids 660 Burton Street S.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49507 •• NON-PROFIT ORG. ••• :.0 8 1 : • ~-----·· * U POSTAGE! Edward Gillis 2512 Union Street N.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49505 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_anishnabe_v3n3_1988-08 Title A name given to the resource Anishnabe Kati-Neek, Fall 1988 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-08 Description An account of the resource Fall 1988 (Volume 3, Number 3) issue of Anishnabe Kati-Neek by the Indian Catholic Ministry collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Catholic Ministry Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francis, Shirley (Editor) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d7d3e6cff59a92bc827c0ac20f3f0afd.pdf 41f0d574543c8e3ede3d4300227f0f3c PDF Text Text INDIANTALK -- -= • �-1- IND I AN TALK ....•..... THE NATIVE AMERICAN'S MAGAZINE Vol. 3 No, 4 Circulation 500 January 197$ PUBLISHER: INDIAN TALK INC. MEMBER: AIPA BOARD OF DIRECTORS: (meets 3rd Wednesday of the month) Acting Chairman: Joe John (Ottawa/Chippewa) Secretary: Joy Sorenson Treasurer: Gloria Shenosky (Chippewa) Mike Dominic (Ottawa) Joe Leo (Ottawa) James Pigeon (Pctowatomi) Irene Elk (Chocktaw) I EDITORIAL STAFF: Editor: Shirley Francis Assistants: Joy Sorenson, Frances Boss CORRESPONDENTS: Bay City Marvin Fisher 517/684-1585 Detroit Sandy Kechego 313/931-6438 Flint Viola Peterson 313/655-8492 Grand Rapids Bea Bailey 616/534-1542 Lansing Rochelle Shana 517/373-0654 Petoskey Jo Ann Carey 616/347-2689 Saginaw Larry Seger 517/845-3632 Sault Ste. Marie Mike Wright 906/635-0581 Southwest Michigan Donna Marsaw 616/621-3852 Traverse City Rachel King 616/946-6448 St. Ignace Shirley Brown 906/643-9654 Roving Jim Crippen (Alaska) AND YOU! We NEED YOUR HELP to make this a community magazine, GOT SOME NEWS? Call up the correspondent in your area and he;she will be glad to take it down and send it to us, WE WOULD LIKE TO COLLECT EVERY ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN THE STATE THAT MENTIONS NATIVE AMERICANS, You can help, We are also looking for more art work for the cover, and photographs along with articles, essays and poems. NEWS DEADLINE: 15th of the month, SEND ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO: PRINTERS: · INDIAN TALK INC. Kalamazoo Valley Inter457 Briarwood Ave. SE mediate School District Grand Rapids, MI 49506 Kalamazoo, Michigan SUBSCRIPTION RATES ADVERTIZING RATES: $3,00 per year (12 issues) 1/4 page $10,00 2,00 a year if ordered in 1/2 page 18,00 bundles of 10 or more sent Full page 35,00 to a single address, YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS TO INDIAN TALK INC. ARE TAX-DEDUCTIBLE INDIAN TALK INC. is a non-profit organization incorporated under Michigan Law for literary and educational purposes, and a means of communication for the Indian community. Table of Contents BACK TALK: Letters from R~aders ..... . .. ... ..... . 3 REALLY ! . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 POW-WOW TRAIL: Coming Events ... .. ...... . ... . .... 5 DUHAMMEL FREED (Fishing Rights) . . ............... 6 INDIAN LEGAL SERVICES: Native Rights Advocate ... 7 SUICIDE EPIDEMIC ......... . .... . ................ 10 DETROIT INDIANS CONFRONT . . ................. . ... 11 Services for R. Bailey ......................... 13 OTTAWA ELDERS PRAISED ................ , ......... 14 Flint Programs Set ............. . ..... . ......... 16 OF PROPOSALS AND PROGRAMS: GTBA Indian Center's answer . .... . ..... .. .. . . 17 Peshawbestown Nuptuals ... . . . .............. . .... 20 THE DECA MILLENIUM: Part II: Sources for Native Americans .. . ... . 21 THE FUTURE OF INDIANS .......................... 24 U.P, Indians serve Coalition ................... 26 FEDERAL-INDIAN RELATIONSHIPS: An Historical Review ..... . .................. 27 EDI TO RIAL . . ... . . . .............................. 31 Indian Group couples Old, New Sounds ........... 32 Further growth of INDIAN TALK is in jeopardy (See Editorial) with the loss of its only full-time staff worker, which means no more on-the-spot coverage of i mp ortant events in the Indian community of Mi chigan -- unle s s they occ ur evenings, weekends, arrl in the i mmediate vi cinity of Grand Rapid s , If you can help , WRITE US I I NDIAN TALK INC . �A/ L~,-V.l'-:;/;-;x,,A--==-X'><X/ '- \.. \ ,/ _/ ·/V'v' .', . . "-/', . ., ~ -.-==-./~A..:-"'y··_;_i ~ 20% ANISHNABEG NOON-DASH ~ BACK TALK ..... ,.. Sorry this wasn't renewed on time ... Expecially like the art covers. Indian art is finally being recognized in many places. Having it featured on INDIAN TALK is a good place for young artists to begin. Czecho Seed Beads - Size 10/0 - 20 colors - 80¢ hank Size 11/0 - JJ colors - 75¢ hank I i l" l~" 2" J" 4" 0 / I Genuine Bone Hairpipes ___Barrel 25¢ ~" Cylinder Barrel J2¢ l" Cylinder Barrel 39¢ ll" Cylinder Barrel 55¢ 1 2 " Bone Claw Barrel 69¢ 2" Bone Claw Bone Disc 7¢, (thicker) 10¢ Brass Choker Beads 7¢ ·v· (0 20¢ 25¢ J2¢ 46¢ 57¢ Above is a partial list of craft supplies carried by INDIAN HILLS. We have unique beads needed to create your own traditional personalized adornment. . For a complete list send a stamped self-addressed envelope. INDIAN HILLS carries selected crafts of Indian nnd All Eskimo tribes from all over North America. crafts supplies, books, tapes, . records, and all finished Indian Art is now available thru MAIL ORDER! MAIL ORDER! MAIL ORDER! MAIL ORDER! MAIL ORDER! x X • I .,,I ' INDIAN HIUS TRADING ·COMPANY Indian Hills Reservation Harbor-Petoskey Road (M-lJl) Petoskey, Michigan 49770 '{',· \ , . I~dian_OW:1ed /4 Vic K1sh1go ~X., WINTER HOURS BY APPOINTMENT Telephone 616/J47-J789 "Where Indian is everything and Everything is Indian." ~/ I~~' I'm enclosing $J.OO for renewal of my subscription. I enjoyed it very much; very interesting news and all. I missed it when my subscription ran out. -Evelyn Osborne, Cleveland, Ohio ---- - - - -· · ~ - --· Dear friends 1 We really miss INDIAN TALK, so please renew our subscription. Use the extra donation as you see fit ... I wonder if you have a correspondent from the L'Anse-Baraga area yet? -Chris Dawson, Toivala, Mich. (ED. NOTE: We have not hadihe good fortune to attract a correspondent from that area yet, nor from many other localities around the state. Thus we are relying more and more on 'free-lancers'-- those generous individuals who, when they find something interesting, tuck it into an envelope and mail it to us, YOU CAN BE A CORRESPONDENT! Merely drop in at the local Indian center and find out what is going on. Its bulletin board is a goodplace to start. And the folks working there will appreciate your assistance, as they are pretty busy with little time for journalistic endeavors on top of their regular jobs.) INDIAN TALK; <'/4,K 0 '>t>(Y,-"--y;)(\ -- -;f·..l ~ ,. ~ '.· - --)v<XX X '---~ . ·- ·, _ _ _ ...- Here is my renewal for INDIAN TALK. I enjoy the magazine very much, I think the (Dec. '75) article on Chippewa history will be a great help to all. Have a good year, -Larry Roberts Lennon, Mich, 'i : POSTAGE CHART This chart is only a guide to Up to $5.00, add l estimate the U. S. postage for $5 to 10.00, add ; mo st orde.r s. Add up your order, :J, O to 15. 00, add 1. 50111 :Michigan residents add 4% sales 15 to 20.00, add 2.00 J tax plus postage. C.O.D. orders Over $20.00, add 2.50 also shipped. NATIVE AMERICANS are entitled to 20% _off retail. ORDERS PROMPTLY FILLED -'>" Editor1 Edi tors: m ' -Mrs. L. Roman Grand Rapids, Mich. i I ~ / LETTERS FROM READERS Editor, INDIAN HILLS carries a complete line of craft supplies for the Native American Craftsman ~ y -J- Please send an extra Dec, '75 issue. Enclosed is my renewal, Lots of times, the happenings listed have occurred befor we get our issue delivered. (Ed, Note : Carol Kawegoma, Detroit, Mich , Thanks for letting us know where we can improve.) �-)- -4- POW-WOW THAil BACK TALK (continued) Dear Ms. Francis, Enclosed you'll find our check for a one year subscription. More power to your fine efforts on the magazine! Happy New Year! •Sande and Billy Neganigizig Peshawbestown, Mich, Jan. JO-Jl (ED. NOTE, Thanks, And power is what we need right now, INDIAN POWER in the form of brains, nimble fingers, gasoline and generosity to write proposals, type manuscripts and letters, put files in order, do bookkeeping, keep up circulation lists, contact prospective advertizers and donators, cover meetings and write them up. We know you and most readers live too far away to work actively on INDIAN TALK, But perhaps you and other readers can come with some ideas on how these things can be done.) INDIAN TALK INC.: I am a sixth grade teacher in Morrice, Mich. This year I am teaching a unit on American Indians. Please send me some information on current Indian culture, and Indian problems as they ex:kst today, if possible. Whatever you are able to send will be appreciated. Thank you very much. -Mary McCarthy Dekka East Lansing, Mich. (ED. NOTE, The Lansing Indian Center is a good place to get the information you need. Their address is 1427 E. Michigan Ave., Lansing, MI 48912. Back issues of INDIAN TALK would be helpful. They are available at fifty cents each from INDIAN TALK INC., 457 Briarwood Ave., S.E., Grand Rapids, Michi gan 49506.) Jan, JlFeb, 1 R[AllY! · LANSING (UPI)--Residents who can prove their ancestors lived in Michigan 100 years ago are eligible to apply for a Michigan Centennial Family Certificate. The certificates are being offered as part of the Bicentennial observance by the Michigan State Library and the Michigan Genealogical Council. State Librarian Francis Scannell said the certificates are designed to foster an awareness of Michigan's history and interest in an individual's family heritage. Gov. William G, Milliken, whose great-grandfather settled in the Grand Traverse area in 1868, has been awarded the first certificate. Applications can be obtained by the writing the state library. -The Saginaw News, 12/J/75 INDIAN EDUCATION AND CRAFT CONFERENCE at the Troy Hilton Inn, Maple Rd, & Stephenson Hwy, Troy, MI 48084. Sponsored by Southeastern Michigan Indians, Inc, (formerly Native Americans of Macomb Co. Inc.) Fri, 81JO to 5,00. Sat. from 81JO to 4100, Workshops in educational programming, community involvement, and crafts: loombeading, sweetgrass basketmaking, leathercraft, singing and dancing. Also CHILDREN'S CRAFT WORKSHOP will offer easy crafts that can be learned in two hours, Special workshops being offered by INDIAN EDUCATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CORP,, New Mexico, and by PARENTS ADVISING KIDS (PAK), a headstart program of the Detroit Indian Center and the Detroit Public Schools under Title IV. FEE: $15.00 for instructors and materials ex,pense, Participants must make own hotel reservations, Send check or money order as soon as possible to Macomb Indian Center, Green School, Rm, 104, 47260 Sugarbush Rd,, Mount Clemens, MI 4804). For more information write to above address or yhone Lisa Gregurek, JlJ/ 949-3700, eves. J1J/46J-16JJ. To make hotel reservations call Troy Hilton, JlJ/58)-9000, ALL INDIAN POWWOW, Marian High School, Lahser . Rd,, north of 14 Mile Rd,, Birmingham (Detroit area). DANCING Aifil DRUM CONTESTS, For more specific information see INDIAN TALK Dec.'75 TRADERS WELCOME, donation for booth requested. For more information write POWWOW COMMITTEE, 158JO Burgess, Detroit, MI 4822), or call J1J/5J5-4J54 or J1J/5J5-4J54, Feb. lJ-14 MICHIGAN COMMISSION ON INDIAN AFFAIRS meeting at the (downtown) Holiday Inn, 1)31 Trumbull, between Michigan and Fort Sts., Detroit. (Get off John Lodge Freeway at Tiger Stadium Exit,) For hotel reservations call JlJ/965-0171, On agenda: Manpower, current legislation, community input. Contact MCIA office to be put on agenda, Public invited to attend. Fri. session begins at 7:JO p.m., Sat, at 10100 a.m, MCIA, Baker Olin-West, S.E. 2nd Flr, J42J N, Logan St,, Lansing, MI 48914, Feb, 21-22 10th Annual GREATER MILWAUKEE AREA NATIVE AMER ICAN POWWOW, Waukesha County Expo, Center. Fo mor e c omplete info see I NDIAN TALK Dec,' 75 , or cont~ct Bob Pe t erman, 8210 Ri chmond Ct., Wauwatosa , Wi sc . 53200 ; ph : 414/258 - ) 471 , �-6- 0uhammel freed LELAND(AP)--An Indian challenging Michigan fishing regulations on the basis of (the 1836) treaty was freed from jail Jan. 13 pending an appeal of his latest conviction. Circuit Court Judge Charles Forster imposed the sentence Jan. 8 upon Arthur Duhammel, 51, of Peshawbestown. A day earlier, Duhammel pleaded no contest to a charge of interfering with a Department of Natural Resources officer. Duhammel was freed after serving six days of a 60-day term. Kent Walton, Duhammel's lawyer, said the release came after the Michigan Court of Appeals in Lansing agreed to hear the case and free Duhammel on bond until his appeal is heard. Walton said that means Duhammel may return to his job as a welder on the Alaska pipeline project. Duhammel and a companion were arrested last May for netting fish in Traverse Bay, When he tried to retrieve his boat and gear, he was charged with interfering with an officer, using illegal fishing gear, and transporting illegally caught fish. Because of plea bargaining, the charges of using illegal fishing gear and transporting illegally caught fish were dropped. He is also appealing a conviction last June of fishing illegally in Grand Traverse Bay. After being originally scheduled for a trial at the . Lelanau County Circuit Court in Leland on January 7, the I trial date and place were changed to Jan. 8 and Traverse City. A spokesman from the Grand Traverse Bay Area Indian Center said that th.is was done "to prevent Indian people from demonstrating" during th€ trial. For years, Duhammel has opposed state fishing laws on the grounds that the 1836 Treaty granted Michigan Indians unlimited hunting and fishing rights. Attorneys for Duhammel appealed to the Court of Appeals in Lansing to reverse this latest ruling so that Duhammel could return to his job in Alaska. They argued that in addition to terminating Duhammel's means of livelihood, the jail sentence in effect would deny him his right to appeal since the length of time involved in appeal cases would mean that he would have served the full six months by the time the Appeals Court handed down its decision. SOURCES: Grand Rapids Press 1/11,14;76 GTBA Indian Center Indian Legal Services: NATIVE RIGHTS Advocate -7- What do you do when you need help for your family or children? Do you seek help from your local department of social Services? From your county's youth program? One Indian mother did -- and one evening had her home invaded by the police, her children ordered about, and her 14 year old daughter whisked off to a foster home. Wouldn't that convince you that there was prejudice in some pretty high places against you? After all, you don't drink, your home is attractively furnished, neat and clean, and your children are well-fed, go to school and dress as well as anyone else's, What is more, your husband loves your children which are yours by a previous marriage. That is the story of Margaret Thomason, Cherokee, who moved to Paw Paw with her husband Rickey one year ago from Missouri where she did volunteer work for church organizations. Her story is only one that many Indian people could tell of conflicts with governmental authorities. Unlike many of these, however, hers had a happy ending. Fortunately for the Thomason family, two new services were initiated by the Michigan Commission on Indian Affairs in the last year. Because of these services Mrs. Thomason's daughter was returned to her just before Christmas, after a separation of two months. Indian Homemaker Aides have been placed in every county with heavy Indian populations. Help came first from an alert Homemaker Aide, Mrs. Isabelle Overton, who heard about Mrs. Thomason's plight and went to see her. She accompanied the distraught mother to a hearing that turned into a 'trial' in which she was accused of child abuse, Mrs. Overton immediately called Fred Hatch, director of the newly-formed Michigan Indian Legal Services Corporation in Traverse City. Hatch, after a trip to Paw Paw and holding conferences with the Thomason family, the agencies involved, and with Elisa, the daughter, became convinced "that there had been another gross miscarriage of justice perpetrated against another Indian family." "This kind of thing has become a national scandal," he said later. Hatch contacted a fellow attorney, Bert E. Hirsch, who is associated with the Association for American Indian Affairs in New York. Hirsch specializes in cases involving the removal of Indian children from their families. AAIA has committed its resources to halting the break-up of these families, (Continued next page.) �-9-8INDIAN LEGAL SERVICES, Native Rights Advocate (Continued) "Both the constitutional and statutory rights of Mrs, Thomason had been violated," stated Hirsch in a interview. Dr, Ray Starr, director of Detroit's child abuse program, was also called in on the case by Fred Hatch, to serve as an expert witness on what is, and what is not, child abuse, He has a Ph.D. in Child Development, is associate director of the Family Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse at Children's Hospital, and is a nationally recgonized expert on child abuse. The December 12 conference in Probate Judge Meyer Warshawsky's chambers brought Hatch, Hirsch and Dr, Starr to= gether with Elisa's court-appointed attorney, the juvenile officer and Van Buren County youth counselors together, Outside in the hall waited Margaret and Rickey Thomason, supporters from the Southwestern Michigan Indian Center at Watervliet, and this reporter from INDIAN TALK, Also waiting was a thoroughly confused and frightened Elisa. From time to time Margaret or Elisa would be called in to the judge's chambers. The hours dragged by as Hatch and Hirsch alternately negociated and rejected 'concessions' offered their client if she would give up custody of her daugh= ter. "I would rather go to trial than do that," she said. "I am not guilty of anything." In the middle of the afternoon, after about five hours of negotiations, Hatch emerged from the judge's chambers for the last time. "You can take Elisa home," he told Mrs, Thomason, "you have retained custody of her." Elisa will also have, according to Hatch, a complete physical and mental examination at court expense, to be followed by counseling from a professionally competent childguidance clinic, Mrs. Thomason believes that her daughter's problems were compounded, even worsened, by counseling from "untrained, socalled 'youth counselors' who subjected her to their experimental programs." Rather than lose her daughter, Mrs. Thomason has chosen to go to trial instead, which has been tentatively set for February, "If necessary, I will take this all the way up to the Supreme Court," she said, "not only for myself and my children, but for all Indian families," "I see this all over the country," Hirsch said, "That is why I have specialized in these kinds of cases where the meddling of social workers with Indian families has so frequently ended with the removal of their children." MILS Coordinator Harold Gould's words, in a speech about Indian legal services and given the week before at the Ludington meeting of the Indian commission, seem prophetic, "The vision and trust and willingness of those who could forsee the great need of our people has paid off," he said there. (Continued ··· i!iext page, ) INDIAN LEGAL _SERVICES: _r,iative Rights Advocate (_continued) Gould in the same speech warned those who would infringe on the rights of Indian people: "Social Services,, .would be more than glad to see us disappear. We are interfering with their high-handed approach at arbitrarily removing Ineian children from their parents, We, on behalf of the Indian people are attacking these unfeeling and indifferent institutions in such a manner as to cause them as much pain and suffering as possible .. ,Every time they want to attack Indian people they will get hurt," Legal services is a tool, Gould said, which if used properly can deal with state and federal institutions in a manner more effective than individuals can. "We are the teeth of our people," he said, "which must tear and rend our enemies before they destroy us, before they destroy our homes, our families, our way of life." Gould also admonished Indian people regarding their obligations: "There are certain things which we all hold dear, things which we must be willing to defend at all cost. We must not permit our children and our loved ones to be ground up by the society in which we are forced to exist." If Indian people do not, Gould warned, then "all is lost; our way of life, our culture and our identity will vanish from the face of the earth," This need not happen, if individuals will forget old emnities and divisions, and work toward common goals, That has to happen if the legal assistance program which MILS is mapping out is to work. It is negotiating with such law schools as Wayne State and the University of Nutre Dame to staff legal clinics with their law students at Indian centers around the s~ate, Without cooperation, "Indian Power" is an empty figure of speech, With the cooperation of all Michigan Indian organizations --and active support of them by their individual members--another plight like the Thomason family's need ever happen again. Then every Indian family can live without fear. -INDIAN TALK staff �-10- Suicide Epidemic WIKWEMIKONG,Canada--(AP)-A coroner's jury investigating the suicides of seven young Indians has been told by a psychiatrist that an Indian curse and a breakdown of family ties may be factors in a "suicide epidemic" on a reservation here. The all-native jury is investigating the suicides which occurred in the last 12 months on the reservation on Manitoulin Island. Another J4 persons attempted suicide in the same period. Dr. John Ward, the psychiatrist, testified in December that one suicide encouraged other attempts in the Ontario province island community of J,000. He said one victim wrote that there was a curse on the area and three persons who attempted suicide believed they were victims of a "bear walk" curse, believed to be cast by medicine men and to cause death. All the victims lived in Kaboni, an isolated settlement of J8 houses. Dr. Ward said all the victims were unmarried and tended to be withdrawn. The lack of friends created a dependence on the family, but the family group was unable to supply the support the victims needed, he added, Most of the victims' families were undergoing emotional or economic stress, he said. Coroner Jack Bailey told the jury that the seven victims were aged 17 to J4 and all but one died of head wounds inflicted with ,22-caliber rifles,(Detroit Free Press, 12/13/75) ****** "There is nothing for the young people to do," said an observer who recently returned from the island where traditiona1s re1d ceremonies for the eradication of these evils. The observer was told that the only "thing going for the boys is hockey, but there is absolutely no activity for the girls," An Indian center for the young people run by traditional minded people was closed some time ago, the observer ~a s ~old, because of opposition from the Catholio church there. (Thanks to JoAnn Carey for sending the Detroit Free Press clipping, and to the Grand Rapids observer who wishes to remain anonymous.) Detroit Indians coarront -11- DETROIT --(DFP 1/1/76)--Charges of racial discrimination and cronyism are being made by some American Indians regarding the operation of the Indian Center in downtown Deiroit, The race discrimination charges are being leveled at other Indians involved in the program, which has received about $400,000 in federal grants during the past year and a half, The Indian Center, which is administered by the North American Indian Association (NAIA) of Detroit, has 45 employees being paid from federal funds, according to Roy Maynor, who has been director of the Indian Center for the past two months. More than 20 IndianJeaders met with federal, state and local officials this week to air their greivances on how NAIA is running the Indian Center. Frederick Boyd, principal of the Native American Strategic Services in Detroit, said the original plan was for the Indian Center to serve as a cul·tural, service and assistance office for the 10,000 to 12,000 American Indians living in the Detroit area. In a letter sent Nov. 24 to the U, S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) --which has provided $200,000 for the Indian Center-- Boyd said that NAIA has: -Conducted racial bias against both white and black "halfbreeds." -Fired at least four Indian Center employees and forced about 50 others to quit. -Fired employees who were pregnant or physically handicapped, -Conducted closed board meetings and ignored the instructions of the NAIA membership. Boyd also has complained that employees forced out of their jobs have been replaced by friends and acquaintances of NAIA board members. John Muse, the outgoing president of the NAIA fundraising club, said the NAIA board has discriminated against job applicants because they didn't look like Indians. "We've had enough problems with non-Indians stepping on us, now we're having internal problems," Muse said. "They are discriminating against their own people,'.' Reggie Mahoney, one of the four Indian Center staffers who was fired, claims he lost his job because he looks more like a black than an Indian. "I was fired because I was too dark --I didn't fit the image of a long-haired Indian with high cheekbones and slant• ed eyes," said Mahoney, who was fired last February as a health service representative. (Continued on next page,) �-12- DETROIT INDIANS CONFRONT (continued) Vince Adams, board chairman of NAIA --a nonprofit organization with several hundred Indian members-- denied that his group is guilty of racial discrimination against people who are part-Indian. "Boyd was a former vice-president with us and was thrown out for too much muckraking," Adams said, "We've never had the factor of color where Indians or anyone else was concerned," Adams said Boyd and other "dissident Indian families" are creating an emotional issue because they aren't in control of the program, Adams said it isn't unusual to have a turnover of 50 people in less than two years, Regarding allegations that the Indian Center has been turned into an "NAIA business office," Adams said the Center, located at 360 John R, has been serving the Indian community properly. He said the Indian Center has started a training program for preschool children, drumming classes, a crafts program, and other cultural services, Hank Bonga, who said he handles public relations for the Indian Center, also said there has been "no discrimination" at the Indian Center. "There is nothing negative happening at the center," said Bonga, who feared that publicity on the controversy could jeopardize the future of the program. "These are very biased people you are listening to." Federal funds for the Indian Center expire next June 30 ' and NAIA is preparing to file for continued funding past that date. Much of the criticism aired at the meeting was focused at the Indian Center's former acting director, Victor Nahmabin, who currently is on an unpaid leave of absence, according to Adams, Adams ,defended Nahmabin saying that "Victor was a man of strength" who forced staffers to do their work, A representative of the HEW Chicago regional office, Robert C. Johns, attended the Tuesday meeting called by the dissident Indians and promised that his agency's investigation of the charges will be completed within a month, Johns said a report will be released to the Indians at a meeting scheduled for Jan. 24 in Detroit. Other fact-finders at the meeting included representatives of the Michigan Civil Rights Commission, Detroit Human Relations Department and Detroit Councilman Clyde Cleveland. Byline I Lou Mleczko, Nev,s Staff Writer, Det. Free Press Services for R. Bailey -13- Raymond Bailey, Ottawa, died at age 60 in Peshawbestown as the result of a car accident. He leaves his wife, Josephine, his father, Robert Bailey, four sons, two daughters, sev~n g:r;-andchildren, five brothers and three sisters. The accident occ~rred on Decemb~r 15, 1975,, Funeral services were held in December in Peshawbestown's Immaculate Conception Church with Father James Gardiner officiating. Father Gardiner is in charge of Indian affairs for the Gaylord Diocese, The church was overflowing with mourners. Deacon Angus Francis of Wikwemikong, Ontario, assisted in the mass which was conducted in the traditional way of Catholic Indians, Deacon Francis delivered the homily and sung the chant in the Ottawa language, Hymns were also sung in the native tongue. The setting was impressive to visitors who had not seen the joining of Native American decorative arts to Christian decor before this. The sanctuary was decorated with pine boughs, and totem poles flanked the altar rail, A very beautiful picture of an Indian Madonna and Child hung above the altar. A striking Thunderbird and the words "Brotherhood, Peace and Unity" adorned the large felt banner to one side of the altar. Ottawa/Chippewa style beadwork embellished Father Garaner's stole and surplice. The altar boys' crosses hung from bone chokers. Communion was given from a richly decorated quill box, and instead of the usual incense, the scent of sweet grass filled the air, the smoke of which was wafted heavenward by Father Garcfuler's feather fan, Following the mass, the procession was lead by a young Indian girl bearing a cross to the grave site in the cemetary beside the little mission church, Mother Earth's setting was equally impressive. Abo_"le. .. the gently sloping cemetary firs extend high up the hills beyond. Below the cemetary is the ever-changing panorama of Traverse Bay. The day had begun stormy and bitter cold, but like a sign from Heaven that all is well, the sun came out as the people arrived for the funeral, and shone until it was over. -Bea Bailey, INDIAN TALK reporter �-14- Dttawa IIde rs PRAISED Words cannot express the tremendous satisfaction and endless gratitude I feel towards the elders in West Michigan's Indian community that I have been fortunate to have become acquainted with in my travels while interviewing for the Grand Rapids Public Library's Oral Indian History Project since last July. Traveling as far north as Petoskey, as far south as Watervliet and all the back roads inbetween, I have been made welcome in every home I've stopped at. The things I have learned, the new friends, and the experiences . -both humorous and sad, I've encountered are memories I'll treasure for life. Their homes ranged from both small and large old farm houses with few modern conveniences to city apartments both poor and modern, from housetrailers of assorted sizes to a few elegant homes. But one thing for sure: the Indians of Michigan are still living very much the Indian way. The coffee pots go all the time and, if it is near mealtime, I am invited to stay. One lady even told me where she hides her house key and I am to go in and make myself right at home even if she isn't there. An elderly Indian's first reaction, when I approach him for an interview, is, "I can't imagine what I would have to say that anyone would care to listen to!" Little do they realize the renewed interest of the young in learning their culture, heritage and history. Wh9 better to learn it from than our elders?! Whether it is family histories, tales heard from their parents and grandparents, pinpoin~ing of old b~ttlegrou~d sites and burial grounds, recounting of what life was like in the old days1 experiences in Indian schools, at Indian wakes and old ceremonies dating before the white man came, every elder has made a vital contribution to this important project. Descriptions of food preservation and cooking methods, crafts, feasts and medicines; of how the men hunted, fished and trapped; of towns that didn't exist then and of those that no longer exist; of the medicine lodge and old Indian songs and dances; and of the rich oral literature such as the Nanabush stories -- every interview offers something uniquely different from the others. Some of the elders speak well only in the Ottawa language. For these I take with me someone fluent in the language. In the Grand Rapids area Joe John assists me. When I go north, Viola (Bobbi) Willson of Hart has been invaluable for interviews. A few of the elders we visited were at first reluctant and a bit leery of having their talk taped; but after a few visits, many questions, much patience and gallons of coffee they graciously consent to 'try it' .(Continued next page.) -150TTAWA ELDERS PRAISED (continued) While our funds are limited and the project's deadline is nearing, the library hopes to receive additional monies from a new source so that the project can be an ongoing thing. We have barely scratched the surface. Another two years is needed to completely cover all the elderly in WestCentral Michigan. Once the project is completed, the tapes will be available for listening in the Grand Rapids Public Library. Copies will be available to Indian organizations and families of interviewees only. This is to prevent the pirating of material for commercial gain. Working on this project has been the experience of a lifetime for me. I'.11 never forgent their spontaneous laughter in retelling a humorous story they have heard from childhood, or their obvious fear when speaking of bad medicine. I find it hard to hold back my tears when the very old, so sincere and trusting, tell me things in their native tongue. I know this knowledge will soon be stilled and their voices no longer heard on Mother Earth. My greatest regret is that a project like this was not started twenty or even ten years ago. So many are already gone. Some tell me, in Indian, "If you would have only come ten years ago I could have remembered so much more." But the search goes on to find those who are left, and to record their precious memories. Each week it's back on the road again, driving many miles, seeking, persuading, then listening and recording, and all the while learning about our Indian heritage from these wonderful people--our elders. -Bea Bailey, Interviewer, Oral Indian History Project G. R. Public Library INDIAN TALK INC. 457 Briarwood Ave. SE Grand Rapids, MI 49506 D 0 $ ).00 a year (12 issues) 2.00 a year for 10 or more sent to one address(Minimum order $20.00) NAfiiE._______________ Amount enclosed ------ ADDRESS·---r(""'s,.,.t_r_e_e,_,.t-o-r-=:R-o_u..,.t_e.,..)----,-(c"'"i.,..·..,..ty-.-)---(..-::,,,..'t.,..·a_t,...e~).-(,...,Z""'i.-p-.-) Donations are tax-deducti ble, �-17- Of PROPOSALS and Programs -16- flint Programs Set The Flint Indian program under Title IV, Part A, is underway, according to the Genesee Indian Center's newslette·r. A class in Chippewa Language, taught by Nancy Hinton and Lucy Morrissey at Bryant Jr. High School, meets three times a week. American Indian Design and Loom Beading, meeting twice a week at Longfellow Jr. High, is being taught by Ethel Nickles and Steven LaMay. Also meeting twice a week is a class in American Indian .Design and Beadwork (Rosettes, Applique and Daisy Chains) by Chris Reed and Jean Jackson at Lowell J.r . High. Barb Shomin is conducting a class in American Indian Culture and Lora at McKinley Jr. High, which meets three times, a week. Cherokee Hand Pottery Making is taught by Elizabeth Bigmeat Jackson and Rosalyn Jackson at Williams Community Elementary School. This class also meets three times weekly, The times for all classes is 7 to 9 p,m, There are no fees charged, Registration will be taken during the first week of classes, Session I began Jan. 5, Session II will begin February 9, Program director Mrs, Gibson extends an invitation to parents to attend to find out what their children are learning, For more information call the center, 232-1662. S UB S CR I BE GRAND TRAVERSE BAY AREA INDIAN CENTER'S ANSWER t JI T ODAY -for the most complete information on what is happening in Indian Michigan -for articles geared to the interests of Michigan's Native Americans, on education, employment, health, housing, history, crafts and culture, -for "that community feeling!" , INDIAN TALK ... ,,,. ,the Native American's magazine 457 Briarwood Ave~ue, S,E,, Grand Rapids MI 49506 J I, The Grand Traverse Bay Area Indian Center, Traverse City, is asking for more than a million dollars to conduct socioeconomic development programs for Native Americans living in northwestern Michigan. The request incorporates four separate funding proposals addressed to four different funding resources: $750,000 from Northwest Michigan Human Services Agency; $150,000 from U.S. Dept, of Health, Education and Welfare's (HEW) Child Abuse and Neglect allocations; $150,000 for a three-year education ~rogram from the Presbyterian Self Development Program; and $5,000 for a health program :f!x.::n the Lutheran Self-Development <r-oTOIJd_--t tB e , The funding proposal to Northwest Michigan Human Services Agency is a consolidated proposal representing the financial needs of Indian organizations in Region lO's tencounty area, This proposal will provide an administrative support capability as well as provide socio-economic programs on health, education, economic development, social awareness, emergency food and medical, arts and crafts, information and training, and the means to operate the Department of Labor's Indian Manpower Program. This proposal forms the nucleus for the growth of socio-economic development of Native Americans in Northwestern Michigan, The three-year education proposal to the Presbyterian Church will provide a full time Program Coordinator(Education Counselor) and one Outreach Counselor to initiate a student service and awareness program designed to keep Indian students in school and to motivate them to seek higher education. The proposal to HEW for a Child Abuse and Neglect Program features a unique innovative re-act system for immediate response to_ an incident of abuse, a public information program aimed at prevention and early detection of potential abuse, and a father-son and mother-daughter togetherness pro~ram to ~elp overcome individual hostilities through group interaction. The health proposal to the Lutheran Self Development Committee is a supplement to the Grand Traverse Bay Indian Center's ongoing health program, It will fulfill a specific need, that of providing funds to pay for physical examinations of Indian women for purposes of research and study, Program planning and proposal writing is serious business with a lot at stake: needed services for the program recipients as well as the integrity of the planner. To begin the mechanics of formulating a program proposal it is necessary to conduct considerable research for factual information that clearly identifies the need. Daydreams and "for-thesake-of-mony" planning show up in the final ~roduct as a weak, illegitimate plan, (Continued on next page,) �-190F PROGRAMS AND PROPOSALS: The GTBA Cent_e r' s Answer( cont'd) -180f Programs and Proposals: .1:he G'l'BA _Center's Answer_ (_cont' _d) 1 A vital ingredient to good program planning is insight, necessary to the development of the most practical and efficient method of dealing with the specific problem. The final step involves the combined talents of organizational management, operational planning, program writing, and techniques of presentation, The total sum of this exercise, if honestly accomplished, is a good program worth anywhere from $1,000 to a billion dollars, Getting it together is just the beginning. NOW you have to find a financial resource to review it and approve it for funding. This is the tough part and understandably so; financial assistance should go to legitimate programs developed at grass root level to overcome socio-economic problems at the very core. Often the need for assistance programs is questioned by the general public, but clear, concise answers are seldom given to support the need. We know what our social economic problems are; we live with them daily. We are learning how to overcome those problems and learning what we need to do the job. We have nothing to hide. We not only invite, but we solicit all people to visit us, to work with us so that we might all live in harmony. We Indian people are fighting a war against poverty and being disadvantaged; we need all the help we can get. Here are some questions and answers as we see them: WHY HAVE INDIAN CENTERS? It stands to reason that you can't solve group problems by talking to yourself, A basic requirement to motivate self development among members of an ethnic group as widely dispersed as Native Americans is to provide the means for interaction and communication within the group and with other exterior groups. The Center functions not only as a community meeting place, but as a resource of socio-economic development information and self development programs. WHY AN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM? Because equal employment opportunities do not exist for Indian people, we must have an economic development program. This fact of life was unquestionably brought to light in our negotiations for job opportunities in the Traverse City Senior Citizens High-Rise Housing construction project. Some strong statements of prejudice were aired by the prime contractor and sub-contractors; as a result of this honest communication-interaction (between the contractors and the center), the prejudice was replaced by an honest assessment of human need and the employment of Indian people on the project. At this time, an attitude of fairness and equality exists only with the Tezak Construction Company and their sub-contractors. We have much more work ahead of us to enlighten all employers on the economic problems of Indian people and the (continued on next page.) l l \J need for honest interaction to overcome prejudice and discrimination. REASONS FOR A HEALTH PROGRAM The quantity and quality of health and medical care services for all persons, regardless of social status) depends largely on the ability t? pay t~e bill1 so it is r~asonable to assume that people in low-income or poverty wi1·1 receive less than the more affluent. A true report on the quality of Indian health is not available for public information. We know health problems exist hecause most Indian people wrestle with the absence of health and medical care services every day of the year. We have observed pus oozing from the infected sores of children suffering from malnutrition. We have talked to and helped the sick and hungry. The research for facts concerning Indian health and medical care will be undertaken as a primary goal of the Grand Traverse Bay Indian Center's program of the next fiscal year, April 1976-March 1977, But fact-finding does not cure today's needs, thus our proposal for an Emergency Food and Medical program. POLITICAL AWARENESS PROGRAM The time has come for non-reservation Indian people to become involved in the functions of government. The time of standing on the sidelines watching the rest of the world go by must end. Therefore, we have proposed a Political Awareness Program to take advantage of the presidential election year to learn how we elect a president, how the government functions, and how we can relate to that government. This is a time for learning. WHY AN EDUCATION PROGRAM? Most non-Indian people believe that all Native Americans are eligible for free education from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. THIS IS NOT TRUE! Only reservation tribal groups are elegible by public law to pursue higher education or technical training at the expense of the Federal Government. Non-reservation Indian people must fend for themselves, This fact coupled with racial prejudice and socio-economic problems seriously jeopardizes the chances of our youth to stay in school and to aspire to higher education. We are working diligently to find ways to overcome these problems. If granted, the funding from the Presbyterian church will provide a full-time Indian education counseling service, a central education information resource, an administrative service to assist in filing grant and/or college entrance applications, and an al-grade-level awareness program. NORTHWEST INDIAN SCHOLARSHIP AND SERVICE FUND The GTBA Indian Center was instrumental in the birth and development of the Michigan Northwest Indian Scholarship and Service Fund, Inc., the purpose of which is to provide a total education package or provide supplemental (Continued next page; �The Deca Millenium -20- Pes hawbestown · Nuptuals Peshawbestown's Immaculate Conception Church was recently the setting for its first traditionally-inspired wedding. Sandra Sue Yannett and William Michael Neganigijig were joined in marriage December lJ before an assembly of their families and friends in a ceremony that was in itself a i•wedding" of Indian and Christian cultural elements. The bride is the daughter of George Yannett, Sr. and Mrs. ·catherine Baldwin of Peshawbestown, Mr. Neganigijig is a native of Wikwemikong Indian Reserve on Manitoulin Is·land, ' Canada, Ms. Yannett, attended by her mother and her sister, Florine Barker of Grand Rapids, was given in marriage by her brother George Yannett, Jr. Mr. Neganigijig's best man was Anthony Miller of Ann Arbor and Peshawbestown. Both the bride and bridegroom were dressed in deerskin adorned with bone, turquoise, shells, porcupine quills and beadwork made by themselves and Mrs, Baldwin. The nuptual mass was celebrated by Father James Gardiner, dressed in beaded vestments, Nature's gifts of sweet grass, cedar and tobacco were incorporated by him into the ceremony. The musical arrangements of the Indian choir were conducted by Janet Plamondon. The church interior was decorated with cedar boughs, totem poles, and Indian-oriented artwork, Beaded rosettes adorned the Christmas tree. A reception was held in the Peshawbestown Center. Mr. and Mrs. Neganigijig are making their home in Peshawbestown. Sandra is employed as secretary at the local Indian center. Source: Leelanau Enterprise 12/18/75 by Mrs. Louis Koon (Continued from page 19) OF PROGRAMS AND PROPOSALS: GTBA Indian Center's Answer funding for students of low income or poverty families, This fund will cover a seventeen-county area and will be managed by Indian people, who are the legal custodians of the fund. -THE PROUD EAGLE, Vol,4(12/17/75) Traverse City, Michigan -21- PART II1 Sources for Native Americans by Reid Holland '41 AUTHOR'S NOTE: I am pleased my first article stimulated many reactions; I must be doing my job. My chief critic who wrote INDIAN TALK last month has made some wild accusations, but I understand them within his context of proving that not all anthropologists are "enemies," And he is exactly correct! As someone once said in a December editorial long ago, "Yes, Virginia, there are" good anthropologists. To learn more about these good guys and the Indian wa:y of life in the past I hope 'Virginia' (my critic) and all of our readership will read this article and the ones to come to become better acquainted with the Indian world, If, in this article, I have omitted an area of interest to the readers, please let the editor know and I can direct you to resources in later articles, R.H. Where do you start? What sources of Indian history exist? What have historians, anthropologists, and sociologists said about the Indian tradition? Where does one go to find information about a certain tribe or a certain locality? Part of the problem of studying the Native American is that answers to these and other questions are difficult to find. Another huge part of the problem is that much of all Indian tradition is an oral one; that is, the old morals, skills and philosophies have been passed from one generation to the next through oral tales, stories and legends, Many of these oral traditions are now lost or so altered by the twentieth century as to be useless to the historian. Yet a third problem area in the study of the Native American's past is the different types of treatment research and purpose which various historians and anthropologists have in conducting their study. I wish to emphasize the historic tradition and suggest some readings in the following areas: (1) archaeology of Native Americans, ( 2) their art, ( J) their hi story, ( 4) Great Lakes tribes, and (5) contemporary Native American literature. Since our space is so small I will be highly selective and choose a diversity of resources. I have tried to choose selections easily available in a public library. For those interested in archaeology of North American Indians there are many sources. An excellent and unbiased survey of archaeological developments Is G, Willey and J. Sabloff's A History of American Archaeology (1974). Another good work is G. Quimby's Indian Life in the Upper Great Lakes 11,000 B.C. to A.D. 1800. (Continued on next page) �-23- -22SOURCES FOR NATIVE AMERICANS (continued) Local archaeology is treated in J. Fitting's The Archaeology of Michigan (1970). For a totally different culture read R. Silverbury's Mound Builders of Ancient America (1968). Works on Native American art abound and for those interested in seeking insights into Indian life (whether they be Indian or non-Indian) the following books are useful: L. Appleton's Indian Art of the Americas (1950); F. Dockstader's Indian Art in America (1954); N. Feder's American Indian Art (1965). For more detailed information on a local art form see A. Skinner, Material Culture of the Menomini (1921), and Carrie A. Lyford, Ojibwa·crafts (1943). Also very useful are Frances Densmore's works: Chippewa Music, Vols, I (1910) and II (1913), and Chippewa Customs (1929), For art forms outside the Midwest see H. Carlto, fopi Kochina Dolls (1959); L. Morgon, The Ho-de-no-sou-nee 1901), For mythology and religion see P. Hamlyn, North American Indian Mythology (1965A R. Underhill, Red Man's Religion (1965); and V. Deloria, Jr., God is Red (1974). Be sure to compare non-Indian Underhill to Deloria. Most of the history of Indians which is published is by non-Indians and focuses only on the nineteenth century during the Indian wars. Of course non-Indians are probably capable of writing history as well as Indians but their emphasis is unbalanced. Some of the following selections will help correct this. w. Washburn's The American Indian and the U.S.: A Documentary Record (1973), in four volumes, is hard to read but worth it. For early history of this area see W. Kinietz, The Indians of the Western Great Lakes 1615-1760. For a general history with Indian legal rights explained see J. Wise and V. Deloria, Jr., The Red Man in the New World Drama. To see how the history textbooks have treated the Indians see Textbooks and the American Indian, published by the American Indian Historical Society. Works on the various tribes of the Great Lakes area are often scarce. (Later in this series we will talk more about the Great Lakes Agency of the B.I.A. and why so much of the local history was lost,) Many local Indian organizations, tribal councils, and reservations are doing a good job of preserving their history; however, I will emphasize below only the general sources with which you can begin your studies. W. Kubiak, Great Lakes Indians: A Pictorial Guide (1970) is by a local authority but not greatly informative. On art the Flint Institute of Art's Art of the Great Lakes Indians is good. Indian author G. Kurath's Michigan Indian Festivals is fair but not scholarly. P. Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (1970); F. Keesing, The Menominee Indians of Wisconsin (1971); H. Hickerson, The Chippewa and Their Neighbors (1970); and E. Greenman, .The Indians of Michigan -- all cover aspects of local ethnohistory. Unfortunately, none of these are as complete as one would like. (Continued on next page.) SCURCES FOR NATIVE AMERICA.NS (continued) Contemporary Native American literature abounds and is responsible for much of the current interest in Indians, Rather than list here many of the more popular works I have listed less familiar ones in order to present the readers with variety. For example, see F. Turner, ed., The Portable North American Indian Reader (1973), See M. Szasz, Education 7 and the American Indian. On reservation life see S, Levitan and B. Hetrick, Big Brother's Indian Program (1971)1 and s. Levitan and W.B. Johnston, Indian Giving: Federal Programs for Native Americans (1975), R. Mordock, The Reformers and the American Indian (1971) is an excellent book on attempts by whites to better the Indian. Another interesting topical book is V. Vogel, American Indian Medicine (1970). One of the best Indian fiction works is James Welch, Winter in the Blood. By no means will this list tell you all you need to know. Many contemporary works had to be omitted due to space. But this will give you a start on the road toward educating yourself and properly celebrating the deca-millennium. Last year the Bureau of Indian Affairs spent over $JOO,OOO for "celebrations" of the Bicentennial; they are expected to spend as much in 1976. Perhaps local Indian groups could secure BIA money to creat "reading clubs" where these and other Native American sources are studied, Remember, many Americans will celebrate their bicentennial by purchasing a plastic liberty bell, ·TROT " ON OVER ••• BARGAINS OF ALL KINDS!!! GOVERNMENT SURPLUS CLOTHING Jackets Tents Combat Boots Shirts Overcoats And Pants Blankets Much More! COMPLETE LINE OF NATIVE AMERICAN GOODS Oglala Moccasins Jewelry Indian T-Shirts Patches Bumper Stickers Buttons FOR NEWS OF INDIAN COUNTRY AKWESASNE NOTES INDIAN TALK NISHNAWBE NEWS WASSAJA RE-SALE SHOP of RICHARD CRISS (Shawnee), 7567 M-21 Highway Imlay City, MI 48444, Phone (313) 724-1082 �-25- -24- THI IUTURI Of I NDI ANS American Indian Historical Society's WASSAJA's recent criticism of Eastern Indian groups, such as the Shawnee Remnant Band, inspired us to reprint a portion of Vine Deloria's Article printed in the Early Winter 1975 issue of AKWESASNE NOTES. For nearly half-a-decade, we have watched a succession of speakers tell us that next year will be the "Year of the Indian," The hopefulness that once sparked a renewal of culture and the desire of many young Indians to force the Government to live up to its promises now seems tarnished. Alcatraz was six years ago in November, Wounded Knee is now nearly two-and-a-half years ago, and the occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs has been over three years, We have all grown older -- but damn few of us have grown any wiser. In 1971, at the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) convention in Reno, a resolution was proposed which would have created a new coalition of the four major organization in Indian Affairs -- the NCAI, the National Tribal Chairmen's Association (NTCA), the National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) and the American Indian Movement (AIM). This coalition was to share strategy, discuss problems of mutual concern, and discover ways to get the Federal Government to provide adequate services to all Indians, At that convention, Robert Robertson, then leaving his post ~n Spiro Agnew's vice-presidential office) as director of the National Council of Indian Opportunity (NCIO), very cleverly introduced the idea that the "urban" and "nonfederally recognized" Indians were trying to"take over" Indian affairs. Indian politicians seized on that idea as an excuse to further their own ambitions, and Indian affairs has been the scene of incredibl(e) bloodletting ever since. The rejection o(f) urban Indians and non-federal Indians is only conceivable if one is willing to overlook the oppression suffered by Indians in the course of American history, and if one is further capable of pretending that Indians have no responsibility for each other. WHERE WERE THE RESERVATION LEADERS? In other words, if Indians act exactly like whites, with their only goal being that of preserving some fancied status for their special interest group and beating out everyone else, then they will have no concern for others not in their group. But how did urban Indians get into the cities? Well, the Government had a relocation program that took hundreds and hundreds of families away from their reservation into the cities where they were dropped to fend for themselves, In spite of the many accusations made by present reservation leaders against "urban Indians", have the "urban Indians" every acted tough and called the reservation leaders to account? Have they asked the NCAI and others where they were when families were being shipped off to the cities? Have (Continued on next page) The Future of Indians (continued) .,, they ever demanded of the reservation leadership why they did nothing to stop such a program? The same holds true with the present "non-federally recognized" peoples. Can anyone seriously believe that all Indians who once lived on the Atlantic coast were either killed or moved west? Some of the Indian communities in the East lived in small out-of-the-way places, and the tide of white settlement simply moved right past many of them, leaving them as isolated groups without any contact with either other Indians, or with white society as a whole, It has only been in recent years that some of these communities have come out from their self-imposed isolation to try and establish some kind of relationships with other Indians, In this effort, they have tragically suffered rejection by western Indians who have little or no knowledge of the oppressions of other groups of Indians in American history, Under the present criteria used by the NCAI to deny rights to eastern Indians, i.e., that they have not preserved their language, culture, etc., there would be a serious reduction in the number of real Indians in the West if such criteria were applied equally to the western Indians, Just imagine taking those same criteria and applying them on an individual basis to the present crop of Indian leaders. How many really fluently speak their own tribal language, practice their traditional religion, and preserve specifice tribal customs? It would be far different if such criteria were applied on an individual basis to the Indians in the BIA, NCAI, or any of the present organizations in Indian affairs, It would be far easier to apply the criteria and make up the short list of those present Indian leaders who do meet the criteria. The prsent stance of many tribes is that no other groups of Indians should be recognized for federal rights (and federal dollars,),,,,, Indians have survived over four centuries of oppression, but it is doubtful if we can survive even one generation of plentiful federal dollars being distributed to us with the only stipulation that we reject other Indians in order to get those dollars, My god, just how large a percentage of education funds are going to eastern Indians when one considers that the total federal expenditure on Indians now app:rioaches some half-billion dollars a year, and that the vast majority of those funds goes to neither federal nor non-federal Indians, but to bureaucrats who work to keep both groups off-balance? When future historians write about Indians in the Twentieth Century, what are they going to say? That for a time, it seemed as if Indian culture and values were returning, but a fierce struggle over political status and a determination of some Indians to deprive other Indians of any recognition at all led to the dispersion of Indian energies and generated such bitterness that when the time came for Indians to confront the major crisis of that century,(continued next page) �-27- f Ide ral-ln.dian Rel:ationships -26The Future of Indians (continued) they had all destroyed each other and there was really no one left to keep things together. That is our present course, and if we look deeply into ourselves, we know that is is not the right course, for it shames not only our ancestors, but ourselves, It is time to bring all of the people back together to correct the many evils that confront us, and to march into the future a unted and determined people, (ED. NOTE: The main body of Mr. Deloria's article dealt with specific solutions to Indian problems, We wish that INDIAN TALK had the space to reprint the entire article, We can only urge readers who do not subscribe to AKWESASNE NOTES to do so, Each issue is of tabloid size (that is, half the size of a regular newspaper) and around 50 pages, and is truly a "journal of native and natural peoples." It is published five times annually, and while there is no set subscription price, subscribers are asked to donate what they can, Their address is AKWESASNE NOTES, Mohawk Nation, via Rooseveltown, N.Y. 13683. Phone (518) 358-4697.) -·--·---- --·- u.,. Indians SERVE Coalition The Coalition of Indian Controlled School Boards (CICSB) now has Michigan Indian representation, reports Arnold Sowmick, an attendee of its January conference in Denver. Sowmick represents the Mount Pleasant area on the Michigan Commission on Indian Affairs, Gloria McCullough of the Hannahville Potawatomi Reservation in the Upper Peninsula was elected vice president of CIC SB, according to Sowmick, That reservation recently opened its own school. Elected to the CICSB Ad Hoc committee for rewriting the by-laws was Beatrice LaBine, president of the Michigan chapter of the North American Indian Women's Association, Other newly elected officers of CICSB are President Sylvester Knows-Gun, Montana, and Secretary/Treasurer Frances LeMay, Wisconsin, William Demeret, deputy commissioner for the U.S. Office of Indian Education spoke at the meeting, says Sowmick, AN Historical Review by D'Arcy McNickle The single greatest obstacle standing in the way of a constructive Indian policy has been the insistence by government, and by private agencies engaged in Indian work, that Indians cannot act wisely in their own best interests. It has not been the trusteeship restrictions of Indian property that kept tribes and individuals in a state of dependency -though this is often alleged. Rather, it has been the universal assumption that the Indian people as a race have not reached a state of maturity capable of .making sound decisions. EARLY EUROPEAN OBSERVATIONS Columbus, in reporting to the Spanish monarchs on his first voyage to the West Indies, declared: "No request of anything from them is refused, but they rather invite acceptance of what they possess, and manifest such a generosity that they would gi.ve away their own hearts." Fur traders who were among the first Europeans to have close contact with Indians in their native homelands, were also among the first to observe the deterioration of tribal society under the impact of trade rum, imported disease, and the loss of old skills in fashioning weaponry and subsistence tools! These observations confirmed the opinion held by many in the early contact period, that the native American was an inferior human species destined to disappear before the advance of civilization. EARLY AMERICAN GOODWILL At the close of the Revolutionary War as the new nation was coming into being, some leaders in and out of the developing government urged the extermination of Indian tribes as the simplest way of settling land title plaims. More prudent men, among them Henry Knox, first Secretary of War and the first Federal official charged with the conduct of Indian affairs, and President Washington himself, rejected the suggestion in favor of what Knox referred to as a "liberal system of justice," This view prevailed, and the practices that flowed from it resulted in a people-to-people relationship characterized by treaties of peace and friendship. 1830s: DETERIORATION OF GOODWILL POLICY The pressures of national expansion soon eroded away the goodwill policy of those first years, The Removal Act of 1830, strongly supported by President Jackson, resulted in the forceful expulsion of all tribes east of the Mississippi, in spite of solemn treaties, some of which were signed by President Washington, protecting Indian land titles, (Continued on next page) �-28- -29FEDERAL-INDIAN RELATIONSHIPS1 An Historical Review (Cont'd) FEDERAL-INDIAN RELATIONSHIFS: An Historical Review( cont'd) Treaty-making soon degenerated into a cynical device for divesting Indian tribes of their land holdings. As early as 1826 Andrew Jackson referred to the treaty process as "an absurdity," By 1871 this sentiment became so pronounced in Congress that the lawmakers, by attaching a rider to an appropriation act, officially ended the historic people-topeople relationship, This was done through a rider to the Appropriation Act of March 3, 1871, which provided for the termination of treaty-making with Indian tribes, This, however, did not stop treating with Indians by agreement. Needless to say, no Indians were called upon to express their views in the matter, 1870s: CONGRESSIONAL INTERFERENCE IN INDIAN AFFAIRS The practical effect of declaring Indian tribes incompetent to enter into treaty relations with the United States was to bring them within the legislative reach of Congress, Until then there had been minimum interference in the internal working of the Indian community, which followed traditional pTactices in the use of land, in social organizations and in outlook. But now, with the assertion of Congressional authority over local decision-making, attitudes of racial and cultural superiority became crucial, POLICY THRUSTS OF LATE 19TH CENTURY, Assimilation The underlying assumption that the Indian people would disappear, either because of excessive death rates or because the Indian identity would be absorbed in the general society, resulted in two policy thrusts. On the one hand, strong measures were adopted to speed up the rate of assimilation: off-reservation boarding schools were put into operation, where Indian children were forbidden to seak a tribal language and where training was directed toward a labor market away from the Indian community; Indian ceremonies and religious practices were discouraged or forbidden outright; community self-government was largely destroyed by transferring decision-making to a reservation superintendent employed by the Federal Government, Transfer of Indian Lands The other policy component had to do with the transfer of tribal land holdings to the public domain, Population statistics of the last half of the nineteenth century indicated that, indeed, the Indian race was declining in numbers, seemingly bearing out the prediction of an inferior physical stock destined to disappear. The last half of the century was also a period of extraordinary national growth, spurred by the offering of "free" public land and by such spectacular events as the discovery of gold in California and the Rocky Mountains. But while their numbers declined, the tribes west of the Mississippi River still controlled a vast empire of land, consisting of rich river bottoms, (continued next page) great areas of timber and grazing land, and fabulous mineral wealth. The adoption of the General Allotment Act in 1887 was designed to promote both of these policy coordinates; it would speed up assimilation by individualizing land h?ldings and nullifying tribal cohesiveness, and it would provide a legal means by which non=Indians could acquire Indian land. Within fifty years of the adoption of that legislation, 90 million acres of tribal land were transferred out of Indian ownership. 1920s1 TRAGIC FINDINGS OF THE MERIAM REPORT When Lewis Meriam and associates surveyed Indian conditions in 1926, the Indian community was in shambles; thousands of Indians were landless and homeless; they lacked capital funds for developing their remaining resources; they were untrained for survival in an industrialized world, they were burdened with poor health -- and yet, by some miracle, they were increasing in numbers, In spite of certain acknowledgaibenefits derived from legislation and changes in policy recommended by the Meriam report, many of these conditions remain today, The admirable objectives and goals were to meet with bureaucratic resistance and vacillating Congressional policy. The grave weakness of the Meriam Report was that it ignored the wishes of the Indian people, The BIA has undergone many reorganizations, always with the hope of f -i nding what might be considered the right combination for success, but it has yet to define its goals in terms of the Indian desire to remain Indian with the trained capacity to survive in the American way of life. 1930s1 THE COLLIER ERA During the Collier era Indians were encouraged to direct their own planning, with technical aid given in support of efforts where Indian skills were not yet available or developed, Emphasis was placed on re-acquiring land, establishing credit for economic development in such pursuits as agriculture, forestry or grazing, and the construction of community educational centers, The children's formal classes aroused adult interest and soon developed into Adult Education programs, Home demonstration agents worked with women in home living classes and adult classes were conducted in spoken English, reading and writing, The BIA in this era, as an educational institution, met with widespread acceptance and considerable success, 1950s1 POLICY OF TERMINATION: "SINK OR SWIM" The success of this program was soon interpreted as a way to cut off Federal aid and force Indians into a sink-orswim self-sufficiency. A policy of terminating Federal responsibility and technical assistance followed in the 1950s, (Continued next page) �-JOFEDERAL-INDIAN RELATIONSHIPS: An Historical Review (cont'd) The Menominee case stands as a monument to a group of people who found themselves in serious difficulty because of their inability to cope with non-Indian imposed conditions. It also demonstrated the tragic shortsightedness of any pol• icy imposed from the outside without the concurrence and acceptance of the people affected. 1960s: RISE OF SELF-DETERMINATION Idleness, lack of opportunity, discouragement with social and economic development promoted revolt, Without violence a strong protest was attempted in 1961 at the American Indian Chicago Conference, where the Indian voice was presented in a formal statement to President John F. Kennedy, and whose main policy thrust later was to be titled more formally, "self-determination." Many requests to exercise self-determination were refused or unanswered at a time when demonstrations were drawing attention at the national level for labor unions, Blacks, and other minorities and oppressed peoples of society. Hence the question, why not Indians? Recognizing the need for policy changes attempted in the John F. Kennedy era, Lyndon B. Johnson promoted a policy of general social reform which included Indians. President Nixon announced a clear policy which has yet to be made fully effective. The shake-up requested was at the top where expressed objectives and policies of Indian participation were flooding the air. These paper policies were without specific organizational support, and were not accompanied by procedural changes. There was no attempt to implement the new policy by the second level of executives who were still convinced that they were the only ones who could provide the proper answers. Paternalism, therefore, still exists. 1970s: WORK OF INDIAN POLICY REVIEW COMMISSION Now our task becomes even clearer. And because of the Act establishing this (Indian Policy Review) Commission with its expressed requirement for Indian participation, we here today are about to apply "Indian Self-Determination without Termination" at the highest level of government. We now have the opportunity to direct the development of Indian policy through legislation which results from Commission recommendations. Among our goals we should require the Executive Brancru 1) to develop an organizational structure and prescribe procedures to accomplish the policy objectives desired by Indian~ 2) to delegate the proper authority to Indian tribes to conduct their own programs, J) to utilize the services of Indian organizations and professionals and, 4) to secure at the same time the maximum degree of protection for the trust status and sovereign rights of Indian tribes. * * * * * * * * * (EDITOR·s NOTE: D'Arcy McNickle, a Blackfoot, is director of the Center for the History of the American Indian at Newberry Library, Chicago, and an eminent anthropologist/author of books and articles on Native Americans.) lditorial 1. 2, J. 4. 5. 6. -31- FOURTEEN WAYS TO KILL "INDIAN TALK" (or any organization!) Don't attend board meetings, but if you d~ arrive late. Be sure to leave before the meeting is over. Never say anything at the meeting - wait until you are outside. · When home Find Take at the meeting, vote to do everything and then go and do nothing. fault with the officers and staff, no part in the organization. 7, Get all the organization will give you, but don't give anything back. 8. Never ask anyone to subscribe, donate or offer their assistance. 9. Talk cooperation, but don't cooperate. If asked to help, say you haven't the time. Never send news items, then complain that INDIAN TALK never prints anything from your area. Never accept a position, it is easier to criticize than do things. 10. 11. 12. lJ. 14. If appointed to a committee, never give any time or service to it. Don't do anymore than you have to, and when others willingly donate their time to help us along.,.then complain that the organization is run by a clique. (Adapted from an article in the St. Paul American Indian Center's SMOKE SIGNALS, Fall '75, and reprinted in Chicago's Native American Committee's RED LETTER, Nov. '75) Upwards of six or seven hundred people have been sold on the idea of INDIAN TALK by subscribing to it at one time or another. But the organization has not been able to attract the skilled, zealous people it needs to make it financially sound and a household word in the greater Indian community. It is all very disheartening. For I believe in the "power of the press", that it is capable of llducating,. ,shaming alarming, and uniting people. For over four years I've worked at that, and full-time for the last year and a half. _Our financial situation has become desperate! And so I hav~ accepted a position on the Home Assistance Program of Kent County's CAP, It sounds very exciting and challenging. What happens to INDIAN TALK will depend on YOU, its readers. It will come out each month if enough volunteers will step forward to assist with typing"-;- taking care of subscriptions, filing, scanning material for articles, and covering meetings and sending their notes in. More than ever, INDIAN TALK needs you. think that you need it more than ever, too. And we like to �-32- 1ndia nGroup couples Old, New sounds PROVO, UTAH--A tear rolled down the cheek of Chief Dan George, American Indian Chief and movie actor, as he finished recording narrative to "Chief's Lament," a song from his new record album called PROUD EARTH. "This song is exactly how I feel about my people," says the Chief who won an Academy Award nomination for his role with Dustin Hoffman in "Little Big Man," Sponsored by the Utah Navajo Development Council, the record is designed to make a statement on the Native American way of life, utilizing the medium of contemporary music blended with traditional sounds, "We have made our statement in a language understood by all -- a language of music," says Grant Williams (Comanche), an executive producer on the album. Navajo singer/composer Arliene Nofchissey Williams composed original music for the album. She also performs with Chief Dan George on the record, "I named 'Chief's Lament' especially for Chief Dan George," says Mrs, Williams. "He told me the song is a genuine reflection of his life and feelings." The record blends the Chief's magnificent speaking voice with Mrs. William's singing voice which has made her famous on her "Go My Son" album and other records in recent years. Also singing on the record is Rick Brosseau of Mohawk/ Iriquois descent. The album, recorded in Nashville, Tennessee, contains ten different songs about the American Indian values and way of life. Included is a song called "The Eagle and the Hawk" written by popular artist John Denver. The records are not available in stores, but are being sold only through direct mail orders. Records may be ordered by sending $5.98 for records --$6.98 for 8-Track or cassettes to: PROUD EARTH RECORDS, P.O. Box 162, Provo, Utah 84601. -NEWS RELEASE, Enterprise One Communications 35 North University Avenue Provo, Utah 84601 PH: 801/373-4781 ~DITOR·S NOTE: A small sample record came with this news release, which everyone in our house liked very much, In, fact, if the entire album is as well done as it, they have got a winner! We liked the combination of the "John Denver style" contemporary music with traditional melodies. The two songs we heard sing indeed of our "Proud Earth" and all its beauties.) AN INDIAN PRAYER O GREAT SPIRIT whose voice I hear in the wind And whose breath gives life to all the world, hear me! I am small and weak, I need your strenght and Wisdom. Let me walk in Beauty and Make my eyes ever behold the red and purple sunset. Make my hands respect the things you have made And my ears sharp to hear your VOICE! Make me wise so that I may understand The things you have taught my people. Let me learn the lessons you have hidden In every leaf and rock. I seek strength not to be greater than my brother, But to fight my greatest enemy -- myself. Make me always ready to come to you With clean hands and straight eyes, So that when my life fades with that last sunset, My spirit may come to you without shame. * * * * * * * * * * * * * INDIAN BLESSING May the warm winds of Heaven Blow softly on this house, And may the GREAT SPIRIT Bless all who enter here. Contributed by Margaret Thomason �IND I AN TALK INC. 457 Briarwood Avenue, S.E Grand Rapids, Mich. 49506 ...... the NATIVE AMERICAN'S magazine . . ,, .. . . NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION U.S. POSTAGE PAID GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. PERMIT NO. 490 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_indian-talk_v3n4_1976-01 Title A name given to the resource Indian Talk, January 1976 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-01 Description An account of the resource January 1976 (Volume 3, Number 4) issue of Indian Talk by Indian Talk Inc. collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Talk Inc. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francis, Shirley (Editor) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3df58d4e1f8fcb800056d207a1497833.pdf 73b716d037a2cc629cf27487291bf54e PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Apparatus super libros Decretalium [folium 139] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_139InnocentiusIV1478 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Innocentius IV Description An account of the resource One leaf from Apparatus super libros Decretalium by Pont. Max. Innocentius IV. Printed in Strassburg by Heinrich Eggestein in 1478. [GW M12156; ISTC ii00095000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Strassburg: Heinrich Eggestein Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1478 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/57ec54f84efae37c5bff841379f9abed.pdf 8c8c054d389f56cb3aea218f2c294ca1 PDF Text Text LKS' R£t 31..GIAIA.W tirtPPEWA RES£R.YAtJON AUQIIST ~-6; 198, ~~~.Jt C . �The Life of Little Elk His grandfather was named Nadarnupt - "One Who Sits First." His father was called Thomas Nadamupt and his mother Jenny Zhow No Gee Zhick. The second of four children, he was born in a two room log cabin near the shore of Vaughn Lake south of Glennie in Alcona county. His parents named him Wash Esh KO'TI - "Flash of Lightening. " He was born into the Bear Clan of the Swan Creek Band of Chippewa. After moving from their home near Quanicassee in Tuscola county, his parents had settled in Alcona county as homesteaders at the end of the lumber jack era. Flash-of-Lightening and his father and uncles hunted, fished, and trapped along the Au Sable River and followed many of the old traditions. As a young boy he witnessed the last publicly held Medicine Dance about 1905. When he first attended the whiteman's school as a boy, Flash-of-Lightening understood only Anishnabe, he had a difficult time learning to understand the teacher's lessons but he soon began to learn the foreigners language. He has lived to see the day when many young Anishnabe speak only English or understand their traditional language poorly. At the urging of the white missionaries Flash-of-Lightening took the Biblical name "Eli" and added it to the assumed surname of Thomas about 1916. During his early life, Eli worked as a lumberjack, a farm hand and a carpenter. He was known as a champion log burler who helped build the Bamfield Dam, on the AuSable in the 1920's. In 1924 Eli ma.rried Betsy Pontiac at the Indian Mission Church twenty miles east of Glennie. Later they moved to the Isabella Reservation near Mt. Pleasant. Late in the 1920's they met a whiteman named Curtiss who was traveling through the area with a goup of Indian performers putting on educational shows. Eli and Betsy joined this historical program and toured the corrmunities and schools throughout the state. After a short time the aging Mr. Curtis turned the program over to Eli Thoma.sand bestowed upon him the name Little Elk. In ma.ny respects, this was the beginning of the return of Indian Pow Wows in the State of Michigan, for Little Elk and his ma.ny friends have worked hard and long for ma.ny years to keep alive the traditions of the Anishnabe. Throughout the 1930's and 40's Little Elk and the others traveled to ma.ny of the one room school houses providing educational programs and public shows to teach and keep alive the Indian Way, especially the wide variety of story dances honoring the mysterious forces of nature. In the 1950's and early 60's growing prosperity in the State brought a boom in tourism which supported a number of Pow Wow -like programs in several areas of Michigan. For decades Little Elk had participated in and organized the programs at a gift shop near Houghton Lake. For ma.ny ma.ny young Indians and whites, participation in this tourist program has been both an educational experience and a way to have a little fun. About 1960, Little Elk and his close associates; Anthony Chingma.n, Foster Otto, Ike Peltcher, Lennie Stevens, Billy Elk, Lucy Peltcher, Leonard Parrp, Alice Bennett, Maggie Jackson, Louis Pontiac, Elsie Stevens and many others began the present Pow Wow Trail throughout southeast Ontario and southern Michigan. Soon the rising tide of social awareness and political militancy which swept the country in the late 1960's and saw the rise of the American Indian Movement had its effect on the forms of the Michigan Pow Wows. Plains style drurrming, chanting, and dancing has almost pushed aside the traditional Anishnabe songs and dances of the Great Lakes area. �At the age of 86, Little Elk and his friends continue to keep alive the ancient traditions of their Chippewa ancestors. Watch closely and you may see the Wild Goose Dance, The Deer Dance, the Dance of the Corn Maidens, or the Pipe Dance. Though bent and wrinkled, Little Elk is still vigorous in step and quick of wit. He continues to spread the ways and words of his people. Little Elk is not alone, his family is growing into the future. Besides his daughter Eleanor Sprague and stepson Little Bear Strong, he has seven grandsons, three granddaughters, four great grandsons, thirteen great granddaughters, two great great grandsons, and three great great granddaughters. Ahow! �HONOR SONGS: It is a custom of the people that these songs be shown the special respect of all present by their standing and removing their hats. The songs may be to honor a birthday, a marriage, or a death. �THE POW-WOW Also known as a dance or a doings. The PowWow has a very historic value to the American Indians. These dances and gatherings have gone on for hundreds of years. Historically in the Michigan area these gatherings were in the spring and summer. At this time the trading took place and the people had a chance to get together and see their family and friends whom they had not seen all winter. Today the people stil I gather and hold these dances. They have a chance to meet old friends and make new ones. They also use this time to help educate Non1nd ians to the Indian way of life. GRAND ENTRY First event of a Pow-Wow dance is to create a circle, loosely on the outer perimeter of the dance area, representing a sacred circle. Participants signal Grandfather and our ancestors to witness this physical testimony of belief in and continuation of the old ways. Because so much attention both spiritual and physical is focused on this event the people in front do indeed have a great place of honor and responsibility. FLAG SONG The flag song to the Indian people is the same as the national anthem to Non-Indians. All people will be asked to remove their hats for all veterans who have served their people. �The Pow-Wow Committee wishes to recognize: HEAD VETERAN: Frank Bush, U.S. Marine Corps, VETERAN DANCER The veteran dancer is one of the most important dancers in the Pow-wow. He is the dancer who carries the flag during the Grand Entry and represents all of the Indian people who gave their lives for our country. He also is the dancer who leads the rest of the dancers in the Grand Entry. All NATIONS HOST DRUM There will be several drums at the dance. The host drum will set the format for the dance and sing the honor songs. B. BEARSKIN JR. �MASTER OF CEREMONIES: John Bosin Throughout the weekend, Mr. Bosin has the task of guiding the Pow-Wow. Not only will he announce particular features of the Pow-Wow, but also explain the culture and customs that are seen during the Pow-Wow he receives requests for special dances and songs. HEAD FEMALE DANCER - HEAD MALE DANCER - Julie Whitepigeon Jerry Pigeon It is considered a distinct honor to be chosen as a head dancer because the position carries the responsibility of upholding the ways handed down from the ancestors. The head dancers lead the dancers into inter-tribal and speciality dances, putting in rigorous weekend at a pow-wow, They are living examples of the traditions of the American Indian. �TRADERS Before the introduction of beads and silver, our people made arm bands out of copper and embroidered their clothing with dyed moose hair . When glass beads, needles, and hats were introduced the Indian trader became an integral part of every Pow-wow . Traders supply the materials needed for arts and crafts as well as beadwork, mocassins and basketry . Special foods have also become available at Pow-wows and no Pow-wow is complete without a bowl of corn soup and a piece of fry bread. �CHILDREN & ELDERS During the Pow wow, wisdon passes from the elders mouth, to the child's ear. To the Indian people, the elders and children are particularly important. Both the young, who are just beginning their journey through life, and the elders, who are near completion of their journey, share a closeness to the Creator that those of the IN-BETWEEN ages sometimes lose. To those who have newly arrived and to those who will soon leave it, the world is especially beautiful. �A pow-wow is each individual human being unique in their own ways but of one mind bringing about happiness, joy, sadness and sorrow, physically, mentally, spiritually, emotionally bringing together all of the parts to make one great experience for each. Wabunanoung "aka" Bucko Teeple �P ROGRAM Friday Eve Blessing of Grounds Chief Little Elk SPEAKS wrrGWAtrIMIIMAAN SATURDAY 2:00 PM Grand ~ntry 2:15-5:15 PM Afternoon Dance and Children Dance Contest 5:30-6:30PM Dinner(Participants Only) 7: 00 PM Grahd Entry 7 : 0 0 '. . !1:0 : 00 P·M Evening Dance P R O G R A M SUNDAY 9:00-11:00 AM Breakfast {Participants Only) 2:00 PM Grand Entry 2:15-5:00 PM Afternoon Dance and Adult Dance Contest �POW-WOW_COMMITTEE Chairperson ..•.••.....••.•••.•.....•.• Ken Sprague Coordinator, Tribal Staff. . . . • • • . . . . . . Ed Whitepigeon Dancer Registration ..••.•.....•.•••... Barbara Sprague/ Margaret Sowmick Trader Registration •••..•••.••..•..... Larry Sprague Food ••.•••••...•.•••••.••...••.••••... Eleanor Sprague Treasurer ......••••..•...••••.•.••.... Audrey Falcon Art Work (flyer) ..•..•••.....••••••... Delmar Jackson Jr./ Carl Pelcher Program Ads (lay out) .•.•••••••.•...•. Carl Pelcher Admissions ••.•.•..••••••••••.••••...•. Larry Sprague Set up .•.•.•...•••.......•••..•.....•• Ken Sprague Security . . . • . • • . . . . . . • • . • . • . . • . . . . . . . . Ken Sprague/Larry Sprague Fund_Raising Chairman ••....••••••..•••..•.•..•..•.. Barbara Sprague (Little Fawn) Co-Chairman ..•....•••••.••••.•.••..••. Margaret Sowmick Emcee •.•••.•.••.••.•.•.••..•...•...... John Bosin Arena Director .•.••••.••••.••••.•••... George Martin Head Dancers ..•••••••••.••••••...•..•. Jerry Pigeon/ Julia Whitepigeon Host Drum •.•...••.•••••••.•••••.•...•• All Nations Head Singer .•.•••.•••..•.•.••••.•....• Ben Bearskin, Jr. Veteran Dancer ••.••...••••.••..•..••.• Frank Bush Invocation •••....•.•....•..•..•...•.•. Chief Little Elk Head Judges ..•..•••••••••••••.•••••... Michelle Wellman/ Bucko Teeple �I best wishes THE LUBE LAB " LITTLE ,, 301 South Mission Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858 ELK 10 MINUTE OIL - LUBE - FILTER BILL FUSSMAN 517-772-2724 - WE MAKE THINGS HAPPEN See us for all your financial ---,---needs. t 4} y FIR§T /~ ,iu.;,\11 ......, CHEMICAL BANK CLARE 0 We want to be your bank and we're willing to do something about it. 4lt FEDERAL !iaving!iandtru!it Bank Main Office: 761 w. Huron St. Pontiac, Ml 48053 313/333-7071 With offices serving Southeastern Michigan Member F.S.L.I.C. An Equal Housing Lender i1 IO ,, ,__, -' . ~::;::::·2'::-. ' ' ' • MT. PLEASANT OFFICE 1 1908 S. MISSION - 772-5902 �-----COMPLIMENTS--OF------ • SERVING ISABELLA COUNTY // SINCE -1903 �G GOULD " GOULD DRUG /TORE 317 NORTH MISSION - MOUNT PLEASANT phone 773-9935 SERVING ALL OF YOUR PRESCRIPTION AND HEALTH CARE NEEDS IN CENTRAL MICHIGAN. FIRST41t FEDERAL Savings Bank andtru!it 761 W. HURON STREET PONTIAC . MICHIGAN 48053 313/ 333-7071 Open Daily 9 a.m. - 10 p.m. Sunday - 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. tWAUIO? ........................ -.-. .............. ... ... .... ············································".'-~~ ..... . . (517) 386-3886 ...... ..... SLAGGERT AWARDS & SPECIAL TIES, INC. ....... .. :...... 100 Mc Ewan Street Clare, M ic higan 48 617 AD V ERT ISING SPE C IAL TIES - RIBBONS - TROPHIES AL & MARY ANN SLAGGERT Mon. - Fri. 10:00 - 6:00 other days and times by appointment 11tceee'9llt '4 1Putee11 <7'l#tc ASSOCIATE STORE RALPH (WHITEY) McCREIGHT & JANET McCREIGHT Owners 307 S. MISSION ST. MT. PLEASANT. MICHIGAN 48858 (517) 772-2260 �Mon. - Sat. 9:00 to 10:00 JACK WEST Sun. open until 9:00 AUTO SALES- BORDER/ GROCERY 1001 W. Broadway - Mt. Pleasant, Ml 48858 Party Goods (517) 772-5273 Corner of Leaton & M-20 772-0037 (l'rtrMA'S COtl'NTl\Y STOl\E "Serving Mt. Pleasant for Over 39 Years" 800 West Broadway 773-7404 or 772-3414 No matter what season, we are ready to serve you . Tuma's Country Store - purveyors of fine foods, choice meats and vintage wines. Fancy lamb, beef, imported cheeses and foods, sea foods, oriental and Near East delicacies. Flowers & Plants "We believe in for all occasions old-fashioned quality and service. " silk flowers dried flowers SEE US FOR HARD TO FIND FOOD ITEMS 1506 W. High Mt. Pl easant, Michigan 48858 772-5003 �- • ------------ '-------~ DankojAlma 4699 E. PICKARD MT. PLEASANT, MICHIGAN 48858 · - - - - MT. PLEASANT BRANCH 517 / 773-2335 ~ IDI,r Jtrkwirk ®ffirr @,upply OFFICE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT 121 SOUTH UNIVERSITY MT. PLEASANT, MICHIGAN 48858 PHONE:. 517-772-2715 REAR ENTRANCE and FREE PARKING Serving you for over 35 years. BEST WISHES from MCPHAIL------ ---1NSURANCE-------AGENCY207 E. BROADWAY MOUNT PLEASANT JOHN MCPHAIL PHONE (517) 773-3546 �Indian Craft Shop Gi(ts•Sou4Venirs All Indians In Costume M-55-ZONE 12- (~) To our best friend, respected elder, and charter member of the Grand Valley American Indian Lodge, our best of everything and many, many more years of happiness to you. Grand Valley American Indian Lodge 2512 Union Ave N.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49505 �. -- I . E 'l / t M!'l ~ ,. ! \·.·1) r• /-" ·.'/ •' l:'r ~- \_ Li·H~le Eli\~~ L,1t\eEIKs ~etreo.tIsabe,\la., l{etr-eu"i- -- Isub eHc-- . ~Res e}t\/Ht tbY.\ ~eservf.1.tion ~nd.. Er· l.~a a a:;;. 1tf·l~~u loi:il .. Saturda)t 2:00 IJ,m. and 7:0CJ p.rrL ~ 62 SunclcW 2:oo p,rn. 1 ffiWJll·rnwea:rermr·'iWCIIMf ,,, ~ \~ s~ '0 0 \ For More Information Contact: (' ~'<"' :{'D ~\() e,.\} Margret Sowmicl< (517) 772-48"17 - l<en Sprague (5 .17) 772-5700 ·:Barbqra .Spra9.·uc£ (51'T} -t'J'13·<ttr3qCJ ·== ....... ... . . =·= . .... ·•--;v--~ .. 'CT -· , . ma ....... , •. ... .. ... •. .. J • . . .. ·- • a=·----==--· ....... NO ALCOl-iOLIC BE\IE:ilAGE:S OR i-;,. r-,;,:~ U~ ~ A.oJ L' L~ ·ua µN"':: ~ ti U , -· ~·· Y UU" LJ g ~~ ~ '· �,. , . Saginaw Chippewa Trib Ceremonial Honoring - Little Elk Pow Wow - Indian School Reunion -Art Fair- Super Bingo August 3, 4 & 5, 1984 Saginaw Chippewa Campgrounds 7525 E. Tomah Road Admission: Adults .......... $2.00 Youth 12-1syrs. • • • • • $1.00 Senior Citizens .. $1.00 r1 1 and under FREE) Traders Fee: $15.00 per day or $25.00 for the weekend Grand Entries: Saturday 2:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. -, Sunday 2:00 p.m. For More Information, 'Corffact: Margret Sowmick (517) 772-4817 - Ken Sprague (517) 772-5700 (Between 8 a.m.-5 p.m.) NO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES OR DRUGS ALLOWED! �. SAGINAW QilPPEWA 1ND1AN rnmE, INC. 7010 EAST 8R0AQ~AY MT. PLEASANT, MICHIGAN .48858 L S/\1\1·: J,I,/\ Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council 45 Lexington Ave. N.W. Grand Rapids, MD. ' 49504 t ·' IIO NQIZ l "1G l·:1,;:;1,:J{V /\ 'J' I (I\ .J > 1,l'l " J'l,I·: .J' /\\J!:ll'.:'i' ')'.j Attn: Turtle Talk I .) ·--MOUNT . . . ~::.·~·~ PL EASANT ;m ~ ~. ~·r-·._u_ ·, t--+-+-..3::::d:.:J.L_l ·-··,. - ··-- ,J- l 't \;.. .- .LJ ... ~ ----- ---• ............. c,.w • \ \ vJ vJ, >vi c·11J1,; t·' \ I·'.!, I<'. �Cash Donations: (.:If) 1) Wakely Associates of Mt. Pleasant 2) Cascarelli's West 3) Ed Gillis - Grand Rapids, Michigan 4) Thomas Wilson 5) Rick Zuriel - Pontiac, Michigan 6) Isabella Reservation Senior Citizen 7) Pines Bar - Baraga, Michigan Food Donations: Miscellaneous Donations: 1) D&M Foodland 2) Ric's Foodland 3) Margaret Sowmick 4) Larry Pelcher 5) Rose Wassegijig 6) Sam Fisher 7) Gail George 8) Ben Quigno 1) Marylin Williams 2) Carl Pelcher 3) Delmar Jackson Jr 4) Connie Sprague 5) Debbie Chamberlain 6) Jo Ann Alonzo 7) Mrs. Ed Whitepigeon 8) Ruth Moses 9) Bert Hunt Jr. 10) Audrey Bennett 11) Cora Flamand 12) Scott Moses 13) Ken Sprague 14) Eleanor Sprague 15) Sam Bailey �BEST WISHES LITTLE ELK INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL OF MICHIGAN, INC. 405 E. EASTERDAY SAULT STE. MARIE, MICHIGAN 49783 Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Operations 7070 E. Broadway Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858 Telephone: (517) 772-5700 Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Council Keweenaw Bay Tribal Center Route #1, Baraga, Michigan 49908 Telephone: (906) 353-6623 Hannahville Indian Community Council Route #1, Wilson, Michigan 49896 Telephone: (906) 466-9931 Bay Mil ls Indian Community Council Route #1, Brimley, Michigan 49715 Telephone: (906) 248-3241 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_little-elk-retreat_1984-08 Title A name given to the resource Annual Little Elk Retreat Pow-Wow, August 1984 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-08 Description An account of the resource Annual Little Elk Retreat Pow-Wow program and flyers, August 3-5, 1984, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan, Inc. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/863c80044958ce3c8dfd2b2e5c9eccde.pdf 5be7bf46eeefe9e8a608e5bca0fff8a3 PDF Text Text j_§i ANNUAL little ELKs' .'Pe.trea"'t -.::....,,r ; i111f t 'I' I tt u • ,,, I I \ Au&usr ~-4,1q95 -\-\o~'<'~- ~ N Qu.\t.NO '5a<\i"\'\oW C:'ruy>:pewa. "f\-eseYva"t iO'f\. �IN MEMORIAM - - - ARNOLD J. SOWMICK, SR. -----. TRIBAL CHAIRMAN �.!?.~.Q~~~t! Friday Eve Blessing of Grounds Chief Little Elk Speaks SATURDAY 12:00-1:00 P.M . LUNCH (Participants Only) Grand Entry 2:15-5:15 P.M. Afternoon Dance and Children Dance Contest 5:30-6:30 P.M. Dinner (Participants Only) 7:00 P.M. Grand Entry 7:00-10:00 P.M. Evening Dance P R O G R A M SUNDAY 12:00-1:00 P.M. LUNCH (Participants Only) 2:00 P.M. Grand Entry 2:15-5:00 P.M. Afternoon Dance and Adult Dance Contest �Traders Before the introduction of beads and silver, our people made arm bands out of copper and embroidered their clothing with dyed moose hair. When glass beads, needles and hats were intrqduced the Indian Trader became an intergral part of every Pow-Wow. Traders supply the materials needed for arts and crafts as well as beadwork, mocassins and basketry. Special foods have also become available at PowWows and no Pow-Wow is complete without a bowl of corn soup and a piece of Fry Bread. Language provides the most eleborate form of human communication, but Indians, like people everywhere, have developed other forms that serve limited functions. Sign language is one of these, Smoke Signaling is another; across the open country of the plains & the southwest, Indians apparently employed combinations of long & short puffs to represent such messages as the presence of buffalo or the approach of enemies. Language is the LIFEBLOOD of a culture The American Indian is distinguished by certain things, certain perceptions of himself in relationship to the world around him. He is someone who thinks of himself in a certain way; percisely equal to his own idea of himself. Nature is good, believes the Indian, and so is man because he is a part of her. �J CHILDREN & ELDERS During the Pow wow, wisdon passes from the elders mouth, to the child's ear. To the Indian people, the elders and children are particularly important. Both the young, who are just beginning their journey through life, and the elders, who are near completion of their journey, share a closeness to the Creator that those of the IN-BETWEEN ages sometimes lose. To those who have newly arrived and to those who will soon leave it, the world is especially beautiful. �HONOR SONGS: It is a custom of the people that these songs be show the special respect of all present by their standing and removing their hats. The songs may be to honor a birthday, a marriage, or a death. All NATIONS HOST DRUM There will be several drums at the dance. The host drum will set the format for the dance and sing the honor songs. B. BEARSKIN JR. �HEAD VETERAN: The PCM-VJcM Ccmnitte wishes to recognize: Frank Bush, u.:s . Marine Corps, VEI'ERAN DANCER: The veteran dancer is one of the rrost important dancers in the Pow-VJcM. He is the dancer wh::> carries the flag during the Grand Entry and represents all of the Indian people wh::> gave their lives for our country. He also is the dancer who leads the rest of the dancers· in the Grand Entry. HEAD MALE I:lANCER ••••••••••••••••••••••••. Phil Manberto •••• Grand Rapids, MI HEAD FEMALE I:lANCER ••••••••••••••••••••••• Virginia Pigeon ••• Lansing, MI It is considered a distinct h::>nor to be chosen as a head dancer because the position carries the responsibility of uph::>lding the ways handed dCMn fran the ancestors. The head dancers lead the dancers into inter-tribal and speciality dances, putting in a rigorous weekend at a pCM-wcM. They are living examples of the traditions of the American Indian. ~ MASTER OF CEREM:>NIES: John Bailey Throughout the weekend, Mr. Bailey has the task of guiding the PCM-VJcM. Not only will he announce particular features of the Pow-VJcM, but also explain the culture and custans that are seen during the Pow-VJcM. Mr. Bailey may receive requests for special dances and songs. �THE POW-IDW: Also knavn as a dance or a doings. The PCM-Wow has a ver:y historic value to the Arrerican Indians. These dances and gatherings have gone on for hundreds of years. Historically in the Michigan area these gatherings were in the spring and surrrner. At this time the trading took place and the people had a chance to get together and see their family and friends whcm they had not seen all winter. Today the people still gather and hold these dances. They have a chance to meet old friends and make nav ones. They alsc use this tlllle to help educate Non-Indians to the Indian way of life. GRAND ENTRY~ First event of a PCM-Wow dance is to create a circle, loosely on the outer perimeter of the dance area, representing a sacred circle. Participants signal Grandfather and our ancestors to witness this physical testirrony of belief in and continuation of the old ways. Because so much attention l::oth spiritual and physical is focused on this event the people in front do indeed have a great place of honor and responsibility. FLAG SONG: The flag song to the Indian peopie is the same as the national a"1thern to Non-Indians. All people will be asked to rerrove their hats for all veterans who have· .served their people. 0 �PCM - W)W CCM-ITTI'EE C Barbara (FAWN) Sprague .•.••••.•.•.••••...•.••• Chairperson/Secretary Audrey Falcon •.•••••••...••••••.•••••••••..••• Treasurer Chief Little Elk ••••.•.••.••.•..••.•••••••..•• I.,a,rcy Sprague . ............................... . Cocy Flarnond • . • • . • . • . . • • . • • • • • • .••.•••.••...•• Patty Heron .•..•..•••••.•.•••..•.••••••••••••. Kenny Sprague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... . Dorson Strong •.•••.••.•••••.•••.••..•..•••..•• .Margaret Sowrnick ••.••••••••.••..••..•..••••••• SECURITY--------------------------------------Ken Sprague/1.,a,rcy Sprague SET - UP------------------------------------Ken Sprague A™ISSIONS---------------------------------1.,a,rcy Sprague/Cory Flamand TRADER REGISTRATION--------------------------I.,a,rcy Sprague KITENOI OOSS (Cook)--------------------------Eleanor Sprague DANCER REGISTRATION-------------------------Ba.rb (FAWN) Sprague/ .Margaret Sowrnick ART WJRK (Flye~)----------------------------Ba.rb (FAWN) Sprague PRCX;RAM BCX)K (Layout)-----------------------.Mark Dougher/ Barb (FAWN) Sprague FUND RAISING Chairman----------------------------------Ba.rb (FAWN) Sprague Program Advertisement Contacts----------------Ba.rb (FAWN) Sprague Golf Tournament------------------------------Warren Stanchina Mark Dougher Barb (FAWN) Sprague PCM - W)W .., GUEST OF HONOR MASTER OF CEREMJNIES-------------------------John Bailey HEAD MALE DANCER-----------------------------Phil Manberto HEAD FEMALE DANCER----------------------------V±rginia Pigeon HEAD MALE .n.rrx;E-------------------------------Bucko Teeple HEAD FEMALE .n.rrx;E---------------------------Ju:li.th Parrp HOST DRUM------------------------------------ALL NATIONS HEAD SINGER---------------------------------Benny Bearskin JR. VETERAN DANCER--------------------------------Frank Bush INVOCATION------------------------------------Chief Little Elk �LITTLE ELKS RETREAT POW-WOW AUG.2,3,4,1985 DANCE CONTEST MONEY FANCY TRADITIONAL 17 years and over .•. .•... $300.00 $300.00 2nd place •.•••••••• 3rd place •••••••••• 200.00 100.00 $600.00 200.00 100.00 $600.00 17 years and over •••••• $300.00 $300.00 2nd place •••••••••• 3rd place •••••••••• 200.00 100.00 $600.00 200.00 100. 00 ---$600.00 Boys - 12-16 years •••••••••••••• $ 50.00 $ 50.00 2nd place ••••.••••• 3rd place •••••••••• 25.00 15.00 $ 90.00 25.00 15.00 -$ 90.00 12-16 . years ••••••••••.•• $ 50.00 $ 50.00 2nd place .••••••••• 3rd place •••••••••• 25.00 15.00 $ 90.00 25.00 15.00 $ 90.00 Boys - 6-11 years ••••••••••••..• $ 20.00 $ 20.00 2nd place •••••••••• 3rd place •••••••••• 8.50 5.00 33.50 $ 8.50 5.00 33.50 $ Girls - 6-11 years •••••••••.•••• $ 20.00 $ 20.00 2nd place ••.•••••.• 3rd place •••••••••• 8.50 5.00 $ 33.50 8.50 5.00 $ 33.50 - $ 5.00 $ 3.00 1.00 9.00 Mens - - Womens Girls Boys - & Girls 0-5 years •••••••• 2nd place •.•.•.•••• 3rd place ••.••••••• $ 5.00 $ 3.00 1.00 9.00 ) ' �FIRESTONE MICHELIN OLSON'S TIRE SERVICE ) ) HERITAGE CHRYSLER 4650 E. PICKARD ST. MT. PLEASANT, Ml. Sales, Leasing, Rental's Service, Parts; Body Shop Retreading· Vulcanizing· Coil Springs • Struts - Shocks Alignment - Brakes - Wheel Balance GOOD OLD FASHIONED SALES & SERVICE - • • - PAT OLSON 704 E. PICKARD MT. PLEASA.N1. Ml. 48858 517-773-7978 CHRYSLER DODGE PLYMOUTH DODGE TRUCKS 77- DODGE 77-36343 ((Tnu:s COfflllY STOlll Suencer Drugs 1010 S. Mission } No matter what season, we are ready to serve you. Tuma's Country Store - purveyors of fine foods, choice meats and vintage wines. Fancy lamb, beef, imported cheeses and foods, sea foods, oriental and Near East delicacies. 713-3266 "We believe in old-fashioned quality and service. " SEE US FOR HARD TO FIND FOOD ITEMS 1506 W. High Mt. Pleasant, M ichigan 48858 772-5003 �' WEST TOWN I. G. A. FOOD LINER GROCERY 1114 W. HIGH THE LUBE LAB 10 MINUTE OIL - LUBE - FILTER 301 South Mission Mt. Pleasant , MI . Mt. Pleasant, Mich. Beer Wine & Bakery Dept. M 8:00. - 9: 00 ftlonday thru Saturday Bill FUSSftlAN 5\'l-'1.,1..· I. 'l i.'410 :00 - 6:00 Sunday THE MUFFLER MAN Chippewa Muffler Service Inc. 101 S. Mission _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . MT. PLEASANT MEATS Under New Ma11ageme11t OPEN DAILY 9:00 to 5:30 MONDAY thru Mt . Pleasant. Ml Man ager· SATURDAY E. Broadway & Isabella Rd . MT. PL EA SANT, Ml. RUSS STANKE_ _ _ ___. 7 7-32420 773- 9533 �CHIPPEWA LANEsl_ __ 1200 S. Mission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ BEST WISHES Mt. Pleasant, M l · - - - - - - - - TO CHIEF ~.-:-=-=·=·=·=·=·=·=-=·=·=·=·=·=·=·=·=·=·=·=·= LITTLE ELK Qppd Luck Little Elk frgm ~ ~~~~ MCPHAIL INSURANCE AGENCY- JOHN MCPHAIL PHONE (517) 773-3546 207 E. BROADWAY MOUNT PLEASANT I ~ (O_J ,... ,_Jj ~ ~ CUSTOM FITTING PRE CISIO N DRI LLI NG WHILE YOU WAI . ~T ' ' Plugging & Drilling ., ~ Wqe Jirkmirk ®ffire @,upply 11tceeei9lt~-------1"'e4tee11 r:?'l11tc•------i<.:~ ASSOCIATE STORE RALPH (WHITEY) McCREIGHT & JANET McCREIGHT • • • • • • • • • • • • •.::·; Owners ~ OFFICE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT 121 SOUTH UNIVERSITY MT. PLEASANT, MICHIGAN 48858 PH.ONE~ 517-772-2715 REAR ENTRANCE and FREE PARKING Serving you for over 35 years. 307 S. MISSION ST. MT. PLEASANT, MICHIGAN 48858 (517) 772-2260 t �Elliot Greenhouse ,11111.nc....._ _ Serving Mt.Pleasant for over 40Yrs I Cash&' Carry Special -JACK W E S T - - - - - - - - AUTO SALES SPRING BOUQUET J3.84 MT . PLEASANT Elliott Greenhouse 800 W. Broadway 773-7404 "1eleflora Flowers Elliott Floral & Gift 2018 S. Mission 772-0262 No Minimum Delivery Required & Plagts for all occasions (517) 772-5273 772 -0037 5281 E. Pickard silk & drjed uowers • Mon. - Sat. 9:00 to 10:00 Sun. open until 9:00 SLAGGERT AWARDS & SPECIAL TIES, INC. AD V ERTISING SPECIALTIES · RIBBONS · TROPHIES AL Iii MARY ANN SLAGGERT 100 M c Ew an Street Cl are, Mich igan 48617 BORD.EA/ ~~ GROCERY Party Goods Corner of Leaton & M-20 (517) 386-3886 Mon. - Fri. 10:00 - 6 :00 other days and times by appointment �\ 7 THE GOLF CENTER ' •'"' ''EVERYTHING FOR ~~A THE GOLFER'' ~ ;;:.JY :, l,J • CARTS • BAGS • SHOES • ACCESSORIES WILSON • POWER BUil McGREGOR /;" !J, "" 1; I Pleasant Hills Golf Club 4452 East Millbrook Road Mt. Pleasant. Michi~an 48858 517-772-0487 Everyday Specials ~/ -. ~ ~ ~~,~ '~ B E N ~ SPONSORED BY: U I G N 0 M E M O R I A L Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe and Pleasant Hills Golf Club Saturday, August 3, 1985 EVENT: 3-Man Captain's Choice 3 Flites -- same prizes for each 100 team limit COST: $17.00 per person ($51.00 per team) INCLUDES: 18 hole practice round (Monday - Friday prior) Prizes For: Long drive on #1 and #10 Lowest 9 hole score Closest to pin on par 3's ;; Directions: 1.3 miles south on South Mission .3 mile east on East Millbrook Road SHOPPING CESTER '1 '1t ,o 'I 67 - /1/ TO LANSISG <J;-'>5 .j> w' 0 MISSIO'i SOl'TH "11SSION CMU CAMPUS ~....~~~ 0 , , : ~ .,,. "'- c; : os-Z1 it'"~ ~ ~ "o i i.i �-----COMPLIMENTS--OF----- • isabella tiank and trust SERVING ISABELLA COUNTY // SINCE -1903 �In 1796, the British began to turn control of the Michigan peninsulas over to the United States. Fran this point on, the Indian people rapidly began to lose what remained of their traditional way of life as the American and British governments began to expand their territorial control in North America. The Indian territories were ceded to the United States in a series of treaties which were often forced upon the Indian people or drawn up and ratified witmut their consent. In 1807, the Treaty of Detroit wrested much of southeast Michigan fran the control of the ottawa, Potawatani, and Wyandot. In 1817, a small area of southern Michigan technically acquired fran the ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatani in the Foot of the Rapids Treaty. Much of the central and northeastern portion of the lower peninsula was obtained fran the Chippewa in the Treaty of Saginaw in 1819. The Treaty of Chicago laid American claim to much of southwestern Michigan in 1821. The Potawatani lost their hold on extreme southwestern Michigan in the Carey Mission Treaty of 1828. The ottawa and Chippewa lost the northwestern part of the lower peninsula and the eastern two thirds (2/3) of the upper peninsula in the 1836 Treaty of Washington. The Western U.P. was a<XIU:ired by the United States in the Treaty of La Pointe (1842) and the Cedar Point Treaty of 1836. The Indian people lost rrost of the Michigan peninsula in the smrt span of 35 yrs. Many reservations were pranised, but few have survived to this day. Sare are described in early county histories, but no mention of them can be found in later historical docurrents. Others were later claimed by the U.S. government and settled by Anglo-Americans, or were only intended to last for the smrt tenn of five (5) years until the Indian people could be reroved to the. Kansas Territory. At least one, perhaps rrore, seem to have been incorporated into contarporary government forests. Families which had received individual allotments were sanetimes swindled out of their remaining land, or had to sell it under duress in an effort to obtain rroney to survive in a cash econcmy when treaty payments were illegally stopped. Sare of the original people rroved to Canada in the hopes of finding a better life, others rroved westward, while still others remained in Michigan regardless of the hardships they had to endure. Today the United States gobernment officially recognizes a fraction of the original treaty lands. Federally recognized reservations and Indian catmunities are located in the upper peninsula near Watersmeet, Ontonagon, Baraga, Hannaville, Bay Mills and Sault St. Marie. In the lower peninsula Peshawbetown, Saganing, and Mt. Pleasant are all that remain of the reservations which were originally set aside. There is another Indian carmunity at Athens in the southwestern part of Michigan which is officially recognized by the State. The Indian people claim that there are other lands which are rightfully theirs based on early treaty agreements, but little official information is available. other aspects of early treaty settlements which have not been upheld, such as hunting and fishing rights and cash payrrents for land, are presently being considered in Federal courts. Today, many Indian people live in cities and towns throughout Michigan where their carmunities are no longer officially recognized. Urban, industrialized centers such as Detroit, have also becane the h:xnes of Indian people fran the south and west as they adapt to rrodern econanic developnents. The Michigan Camnission on Indian Affairs estimates that there are presently 60,000 Indians living in the State of Michigan. Their rrodern history has been difficult and tragic, yet each generation has seen the emergence of tmse wm have chosen to teach, maintain the everchanging spiritual andcultural traditions of their ancestors. �CASH OONATIONS: Goodrow & Wakely Associates of Mt. Pleasant. Rick Zurel of Pontiac, Michigan. Corinne Turner of Pontiac, Michigan FOOD OONATIONS: .Margaret Savrnick Fawn Eli Themas Audrey Falcon Larry Sprague MISCELLANIDUS OONATIONS: Kenny Sprague Eleanor Sprague Barb (Fawn) Sprague .Margaret Sowrnick Arnold Sowrnick Patty Heron Ron Falcon GOLF CLUB SET Pleasant Hills Golf Club. • �INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL OF MICHIGAN, INC 405 E. EASTERDAY SAULT STE. MARIE. MICHIGAN 49783 Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Council Keweenaw Bay Tribal Center Route #1, Baraga, Michigan 49908 Telephone: (906) 353-6623 Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Operations 7070 E. Broadway Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858 Telephone: (517) 772-5700 Bay Mills Indian Community Council Route #1, Brimley, Michigan 49715 Telephone: (906) 248-3241 Hannahville Indian Community Council Route #1, Wilson, Michigan 49896 Telephone: (906) 466-9931 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_little-elk-retreat_1985-08 Title A name given to the resource Annual Little Elk Retreat Pow-Wow, August 1985 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-08 Description An account of the resource Annual Little Elk Retreat Pow-Wow program, August 2-4, 1985, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan, Inc. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/46bdd2bfe5d5c9440df789aa4d9863c4.pdf 39a4b6368be8816b21eb7dbc5c6fd84e PDF Text Text 21e jaargang 18 - 3 mei 1985 7 Jaap Frederiks Bevrijding langs een omweg De bevrijding van 5 mei 1945 werd niet binnen onze eigen grenzen maar in Duitsland bevochten. Na de verloren slag om Arnhem werd Nederland voor de geallieerden van secundair belang. Hoewel daarvoor de prijs van een hongerwinter moest worden betaald, bleef ons land daardoor een vernietigende veroveringsoorlog bespaard. Jaap Frederiks reconstrueert het militaire verloop van de laatste maanden van de oorlog. Voor de Nederlanders kwam er op 6 juni 1944 een keer in de oorlog. De geallieerden landden in Normandie en zouden ongetwijfeld snel naar Ned~rland oprukken. Voor generaal Eisenhower, de Amerikaanse opperbevelh_ebber van de 'Allied Expeditionary Forces', lag ons land echter wat bezijden de route. Hij wilde over een breed front primair het Duitse rijk in het hart aanvallen. Slechts de noordelijke vleugel van zijn strijdmacht, voornamelijk Brits en Canadese troepen onder generaal Montgomery, diende op weg naar het Ruhrgebied en Hamburg terloops Nederland te bevrijden. De opmars verliep boven verwachting voorspoedig: al op 25 augustus rolden zijn tanks door de straten van Parijs; op 3 september waren ze in Brussel en reeds de dag daarop viel de haven van Antwerpen onbeschadigd in Engelse handen. De bevrijding van Nederland moest voor de deur staan. Het land werd tenminste overspoeld door afgeladen Wehrmachtvrachtwagens met soldaten die in alter ijl Belgie de rug toekeerden. Alles wat Duitsgezind was, kreeg het op zijn zenuwen. NSB'ers pakten hun biezen, en op veel.plaatsen begon de bezetter al archieven en legervoorraden te vernietigen. Die stemming· liet het volk niet onberoerd. Op 5 september (dolle dinsdag) werden in Haarlem de vlaggen uitgestoken en in Amsterdam kwam het illegale blad De Baa11breker zelfs met een bevrijdingsnummer, waarin de namen van alle medewerkers stonden afgedrukt. Maar het grootste dee! van Ors. J. A. Th. Frederiks is docent geschiedenis. Nederland wachtte in september vergeefs op de bevrijding. Onder de indruk van de snelle vorderingen in Belgie, waren op het geallieerde hoofdkwartier de gemoederen ook verhit geraakt. Montgomery wist Eisenhower te winnen voor de gedachte om het zwaartepunt van de opmars naar zijn noordelijke sector te verleggen. Hij presenteerde een vermetel plan, waarin het Britse 2e leger, door luchtlandingstroepen ondersteund, een diepe bres in de Duitse verdediging zou slaan, om tangs de lijn Eindhoven-Nijmegen-Arnhem door te stoten naar Westfalen. Op deze manier hoopte hij met een verrassingsaanval het Ruhrgebied vanuit het noordwesten af te grendelen en te omsingelen. Het hele westelijke front werd voor deze 'operatic Market Garden' praktisch stilgelegd. Montgomery kreeg alle voorraden toegewezen. Al spoedig bleek dat de ineenstorting van de Duitse legers zwaar was overschat. Uit de ongeregeld teruggetrokken soldaten waren nieuwe eenheden gevormd en tangs de grote rivieren waren duizenden 'spitters' (ter plaatse gerecruteerde dwangarbeiders) ingezet om stellingen te bouwen. In oost-Brabant kwamen de Britten maar moeizaam vooruit: de tegenstand was groot en het bleek dat hun_ zware materieel buiten de gebaande wegen onherroepelijk vast kwam te zitten. Weken later dan was voorzien kon Nijmegen worden bereikt (26 september), maar de luchtlanding bij Arnhem was een brug te ver geweest. Door deze vastgelopen aanval was ·eind september een grillige frontlijn door zuid-Nederland komen te !open. Het uiterste zuiden van Limburg was bevrijd, maar Noord-Brabant bleef bezet gebied - behoudens de diepe corridor waarvan de uiterste punt iets boven Nijmegen lag; hier ontstond een soort niemandsland. Met het oog op een nieuwe aanval hadden de Duitsers op verscheidene plaatsen de rivierdijken doorgestoken. Uitgestrekte stukken van de Betuwe kwamen blank te staan. De meeste inwoners trokken weg naar het vrije Nijmegen; alleen de boer .zelf bleef meestal achter op zijn bedrijf. In de late herfst kon hij zowel Duitse als Engelse patrouilles zijn erf op zien komen. Geregeld waren er bloedige schermutselingen als ze toevallig op elkaar stuitten of wanneer de bezetter merkte dat burgers door de linies heen naar bevrijd ·gebied trachtten te 'crossen'. Nijmegen zelf groeide snel uit tot een' echte frontstad met tienduizenden militairen. De geallieerden waren met groot gejuich ontvan- gen, ondanks de grote verwoestingen die hun komst met zich mee had gebracht. Ze hielpen mee de ergste schade voor de winter te herstellen, en de gestadige aanvoer van voedsel maakte veel goed. Maar toch, zoveel vreemde soldaten zo ver van huis. Al op 5 oktober 1944 verscheen in De Gelderlander een hoofdartikel over 'De Nederlandsche Jonge Vrouw en de Nationale Eer', waarvan de strekking precies die was, die u zich daarvan voorstelt. Ultstel In heel het bevrijde gebied bleven militairen de dienst uitmaken. Iedereen moest zich in de eerste plaats richten naar de bevelen van de geallieerde bevelhebber. Maar in zijn spoor verschenen onmiddellijk ook Nederlandse officieren. Het Nederlandse kabinet in Londen had voor het bevrijde gebied een overgangsregering gevormd: het Militair Gezag �,.. ._ ..... d _· _. ,._ ......... ,._ ... . •• 1 I 21 e jaargang 18 - 3 mei 1985 BevrlJding langs_een omweg onder leiding van generaal Kruis. Dit nood- ~ bestuur kon in de korte tijd dat het bestond de < meest impopulaire maatregelen nemen, waarna de ministers ongecompromitteerd met een schone lei konden beginnen. Doch Nederland werd niet in enkele dagen tijds bevrijd en in het zuiden regeerde dit door niemand feitelijk gecontroleerde gezag vele maanden tang. Daarbij liet het zich weinig aan regels gelegen liggen bij de omgang met de burgerautoriteiten of de justitie. Velen die Kruis na de oorlog - terecht - een te groot eigenmachtig ' optreden verweten hebben, gaan er echter aan voorbij hoe chaotisch de toestand na het vertrek van de Duitsers was. Voor het nog bezette gebied waren in Londen eveneens maatregelen genomen. De georganiseerde verzetsgroepen werden samengebracht in de Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten (BS) onder leiding van prins Bernharc,l, en een college van Vertrouwensmannen werd benoemd om in het geheim de bevrijding bestuurlijk voor te bereiden. Het college kon nadenken over een proclamatie en de allernoodzakelijkste benoemingen. Boven de grote rivieren bleef de toestand zeer gespannen. Verzetsgroepen voerden de sabotage-acties op, maar de Duitse vergelding werd eveneens grimmiger. De represailles na een aanslag op enkele soldaten bij Putten vormen misschien het meest spectaculaire voorbeeld. Talrijke huizen werden opgeblazen en de mannelijke inwoners naar Duitse concentratiekampen weggevoerd. Op bescheidener sch_aal gingen echter in het hele land de executies door. Met spanning zagen de mensen uit naar het zuiden, wachtend tot een nieuwe aanval op Arnhem zou komen. Maar het geallieerde opperbevel had anders beslist. Montgomery had uit 'Market Garden' een lering getrokken die voor het oorlogsverloop in Nederland van grote betekenis was. Kort na de bevrijding deelde hij een verslaggever van Het Vrije Volk mee, 'dat de gebeurtenissen in Arnhem hem de overtuiging hadden gegeven dat er, indien hij het gehele gebied (west-Nederland) strijdend zou moeten veroveren, geen steen op ·de andere blijven zou ·. Inderdaad moeten we er niet aan denken wat er gebeurd zou zijn, als Arnhem wel was genomen en de honderdduizend Duitseis de vesting Holland van stad tot ·stad hadden verdedigd of de dijken hadden doorgestoten. Het westen zou de hongerwinter bespaard zij_n gebleven, maar tegen wat voor een prijs. Om Nederland voor deze ramp te behoeden en omdat het in het natte polderland met tanks toch moeilijk opereren was, besloot het geallieerde opperbevel om de bezetters in de Randstad niet aan te vallen, maar hun overgave · op een slagveld elders in Europa te bedingen. Oat gold voor de kwetsbare Randstad, maar evenzeer voor Denemarken, waarvan de verovering met al die eilanden ook een moeilijke zaak zou warden. Hoe hard het er in Holland aan toe had kunnen gaan, kregen de Zeeuwen in oktober 1944 te merken. Hier konden de g·e allieerden , de confrontatie n"iet uit de weg gaan. Op 3 september was triomfantelijk de verovering van Antwerpen gemeld, maar in de feestroes was over het hoofd gezien dat het gebruik van de haven stond of viel met het bezit van de Scheldemond. Aanvankelijk had dit gebied een !age prioriteit op het hoofdkwartier. De blik was op het oosten gericht en bovendien eiste Montgomery alle middelen voor de slag om Arnhem op. L .. ---- ---- ---- -- - 9 ·" ' . Montgomery en Patton _/ . havenstad goed bewust en waren vastbesloten de Scheide tot het uiterste t~ verdedigen. Daartoe waren ze uitstekend in staat. De Canadezen hadden langs de Kanaalkust het Duitse 15e leger voor zich uit gedreven dat, ruim honderdduizend man sterk, in Zeeuws-Vlaanderen vast kwam te zitten. Langs het kanaal" Brugge-Gent ging het in stelling en het bleek ongenaakbaar. Aan organisatorisch talent ontbrak het al evenmin: de bevelhebber generaal Von Zangen speelde het klaar om met, meest ter plaatse gevorderde, vaartuigen en onder voortdurende luchtaanvallen in tweeeneenhalve week tijds 86 000 manschappen, compleet inet zesduizend voertuigen en zeshonderd kanonnen, van Breskens ilaar Vlissingen te verschepen. Ongeveer veertienduizend man bleef achter in west Zeeuws-Vlaanderen. Zij' slaagden erin, toen de aanval kwam, om achter elke dijk of sloot een nieuwe zeer effectieve stelling op te werpen. Met vlammenwerpers en hevig mortiervuur moest het half ondergelopen polderland meter voor meter warden veroverd. Dicht onder de kust bij Cadzand kregen de bezetters dekking van de zware kustbatterijen. Er was bijna geen doorkomen aan. De balans van een week strijd, van 6 tot 13 oktober: 533 doden en gewonden en een terreinwinst van anderhalve kilometer. Maar de Scheide moest open, onverschillig de verliezen en verwoestingen. Pas op 3 november gaven de Duitsers zich hier over. Aan de overkant· van de Westerschelde was op Walcheren iets dergelijks te verwachten, maar hier werd' voor een andere tactiek gekozen. Op 3 oktober hoorden de inwoners van West-Kapelle de Engelse bommenwerpers naderen. Doelwit was de zeewering. Verkenningen hadden de geallieerden geleerd dat veel Duitse stellingen op het lage deel van het schiereiland lagen. Door nu zelf de hele zaak onder water te zetten, konden ze Scheide die vijandelijke ·versterkingen onbruikbaar Ten onrechte, bleek spocdig, want het gehele maken en het slagveld bijna decimeren. Het westelijke front dreigde vast te komen zitten was triest voor de bevolking, maar die zou bij bij gebrek aan brandstof en munitie. De hele felle gevechten minstens zqveel te lijden bevoorrading kwam nog steeds uit Norman- krijgen. die en deze aanvoerlijnen werden met de dag Alie Duitse troepen werden door het stijgen(anger. Het leger schreeuwde om een haven de water naar de smalle kuststrook gedreven. met een grote capaciteit, die zowel dicht bij Daar werden ze eerst op l november door Engeland als dicht bij het front lag. Eisenhow-. enkele slagschepen zwaar onder vuur genoer zag de bui gelukkig op het laatste men en vervolgens kwam er een landing van ogenblik hangen. Hij gebood Montgo·mery, commandotroepen. De operatie stond onder wiens gedachten meer bi_j de Rijn waren, Canadees bevel, maar er waren eenheden van uitdrukkelijk eerst alle aandacht op de Schei- . allerlei nationaliteiten bij betrokken: Britten, de te richten. Met enige tegenzin moest hij Fransen, Belgen, Nederlanders en zelfs Nozijn troepen in de Brahantse corridor west- ren. Sommige kustbatterijen verdedigden waarts dirigeren, richting Tilburg en Zuid- zich tot het laatst, en ook in Vlissingen kwam Beveland. Ook het bi_i Antwerpen liggende het tot felle straatgevechten, doch _de tegenCanadese leger kwam weer in beweging. stand, was niet in die mate als in Zeeuws. D.e. Quitsers ~~ar.en .,zjcb_dc; _h-<:;.ts!_t~~i~ Y~<J!l QC: _ _YJl.lllJJOereo. Na cen week was · d~ strijd I gestreden, en nadat de Scheide van de vele mijnen was ontdaan, kon al op 26 november het eerste militaire convooi Antwerpen binnenvaren. Naarde Rljn De slag om Arnhem en die om de Scheide hadden twee maanden het westelijk front beheerst. In oost-Frankrijk was weinig of niets gebeurd. De legers kregen bij tijd en wijle nauwelijks genoeg toegeleverd om hun posities te handhaven, laat staan dat ze grote initiatieven hadden kunnen ontplooien. Aan die schaarste kwam nu een eind. Eisenhower bepaalde dat de -Rijn het volgende .doe! was. Hij wilde geen wilde planneri meer zien· met· spectaculair geslagen bruggehoofde_n; eerst moest de bele linkeroever in handen zijn, voordat aan de overkarit kon warden gedacbt. Voor Nederland betekende dit, dater weinig aan de frontlijn zou veranderen. West-Brabant_was tijdens de strijd in Zeeland veroverd, en nu ging het offensief niet noord- maar oostwaarts. De geducbte Duitse Westwall (ook Sigfriedlinie genoemd) moest worden doorbroken en ~en uitloper daarvan· lag iets ten westen van de Limburgse Maas. In de -Peel en voor Venlo vonden hevige tankslagen plaats. Het is niet toevallig dat juist in Overloon bet oorlogsmuseum is gevestigd; de ter plaatse gestrande tanks zijn er nog te bezichtigen. Half december was bijna overal de Maas bereikt. Er kwam net een beetje scbot in de zaak, toen een nieuwe born barstte, die alle middelen aan bet westelijk front opeiste. Volkomen onverwachts ontketende het Duitse leger op 16 december een massale tegenaanval via de Ardennen. Het eerste doe I was Antwerpen. Op die manier werd een diepe wig tussen de verschillende geallieerde legers gedreven en tegelijkertijd kon, bij het begin van de winter, de bevoorrading onderbroken worden. De voorste Amerikaanse linies werden onder de voet gelopen. Alleen op enkele strategische punten konden ze zich handhaven. Generaal Patton moest van de ene op de andcre dag zijn opmars in het Saarland afbreken om het gat te dichten. Spoedig bleek dat de vijand over onvoldoende materieel en manschappen beschikte om het offensief over een langerc tijd vol te houden, maar toch zorgde het ervoor dat de Amerikanen half januari nog even ver waren als begin december. Hoewel, misschien is dit toch wat te negatief uitgedrukt, want ofschoon de terreinwinst bescheiden was, hadden ze wel de beste Duitse troepen die nog in West-Europa voor handen waren, vernietigende verliezen toegebracht. In Mord-Nederland hield iedereen zijn hart vast. Zo dichtbij waren de Canadezep, en toch · '. zo veraf.-£0 veraf bleven ze; want Eise~how- �-~ 21e jaargang 18 - 3 mei 1985 11 Ardennen-offensiet Arnerikaanse troepen nabij Malmedy Bevrijding langs een omweg er had geen enkele reden zijn plannen te provisorische IJsselstelling opgeworpen om pardon doodgeschoten. Hetzelfde lot trof de wijzigen: eerst naar de Rijn. Uitdrukkelijk de Veluwe, de toegang tot de vesting Holland, meeste gevangengenomen Georgiers zelf. Ze had hij zijn onderbevelhebbers geboden geen zo lang mogelijk te verdedigen, maar verder voelden dat al aankomen en vochten zich eigen acties aan de overzijde te ondernemen. trok hij zich weinig aan van de onzinnige daarom liever dood bij wanhopige pogingen Hij zag al aankomen dat Montgomery aanbevelen over tegenaanvallen die hij dag in dag enkele versterkte plaatsen in handen te houzienlijk minder tijd nodig _had om van Nijmeuit van het Fiihrerhauptquartier kreeg toegeden. Tegen de met opmerkelijk groot fan agen het Duitse Wesel te bereiken dan Patton stuurd. Hij wist dat de weg naar het noorden tisme vechtende Duitsers was geen kruid voor de lange weg naar Mainz. Montgomery, van het land openlag. Plaatselijke commangewassen. Ook de hulp van een tweehonwieris prestige- een flinke deuk had gekregen, danten boden soms nog harde tegenstand en derdtal plaatselijke verzetssti-ijders mocht nan1cnu het zekere voor bet onzekere. Hij,had de verw.oestingen waren dan dienovereenniet _l;>aten. Op 21 april moest bet laatste tweehonderdduizend man bij Nijmegen en ·komstig. Illustratief is dat Doetinchem al.opJ bolwerk .worden opgegeven: de vuurtoren. als eep wals rold~,!_leze troepenm~cht,richting · april'wef d·bevrij~,.maar •Doesburg pas· op<!~ Maar groepjes Georgiers en Duitsers bleven Kleef. Alles wat•hij op zijn WC?,g_tege_nkwam, -16e. nog jacht QP elkaar maken tot de Canadezen werd letterlij~ verpulverd: legers, steden•en Overigens'heten1de bcvrijders zich niet op,uiteindeiifk op 20 mei arriveerdc;n . Texel bossen. Een maanlandschap met diepe· bornhouden door zul\ce verzetshaarden., Het kende op ·5 niei geen bevrijdingsdag. Slechts kraters liet hij achter. Op 9-maart was hij bij zaak zo snelmogclijk naaralle·tioclc:en.van ;bet '250 opstandelingen overleefden de helse de.resten van Wesel. Het duurde tot de 23e land. door te .stoten, want elke·gevechtspauze strijd:. voor Mainz was bezet en hij zijn oude idee van gaf de Duitsers tijd voor hergroeperingen. een omsingeling van het Ruhrgebied kon Om belangrijke bruggen te veroxeren werden Hongersnood ..uitvoeren. op 12 en 13 april nog Franse en Belgische Voor de Canadezen'· in de derde week van ·Begin maa,rt was bij toeval e_e n brug bij paratroepen rieergelaten.- Vee l meqewerking - april de Veluwe op konden tr~k~e~, ·had een Remagen, iets ~en zuiden van Bonn, intact in kwam eveneens van de kant van het vefzef. Jn slag:om Arnhem op,het programma gestaan. Amerikaanse handen gevallen. Terec_h t de chaotische sit~atie. was het vaak rrio~elijk Alleen"ipsychologisch al stoi:Jd er veel op het m_eende de Duitse bevel~ebber generaal M9- _ dat verzets,lieden d~rde g~vechtslini_e s trokspel. De hele zriidelijke toegang tot de stad del. dat het zwaartepunt ·van bet geallieerde ·· ken en de gealli!:erden precies op cte •hoogte w~s door de verdedige!"s onder ·water gezet, offensief van d~( reeds geslagen bruggehoofd ·stelden van de beste verkeersverbindingen en het oosten - waar de. aanval •kwam - Z\\:'aar zou komen. Hij had 325 000 man in Sauerde locatie van Duitse stellingen. In Friesland versterkt. De burgerbevolking, die zich nog land verzameld om de aanval op bet Ruhrgetroffen de Canadezen zelfs Parijse tonelen goed kon herinneren wat straatgevechten bied af te wachten. Hij wachtte tevergeefs. aan; evenals in de Franse hoofdstad hadden waren, had de stad grotendeels verlaten . Zowel Montgomery. in het noorden als genede !eden van de Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten Blijkbaar waren de geallieerde commandanraal Simpson in het zuiden ·trokken met een steden als Sneek en Bolsward al in handen ten hiervan op de hoogte, want zonder enige boog om het industnegebied heen. Hun letoen de geallieerde tanks er aankwamen. schroom lieten ze een ongekend artilleriegers vormden een tang die zich op 1 april bij :ongevaarlijk waren deze acties niet. De bombardement op Arnhem neerkomen. De Paderborn slooi. Model restte slechts de Duitse soldaten stelden alles in het werk om Duitsers moesten letterlijk wezenloos geniet in handen van de verzetslieden te vallen, overgave. Ondertussen ging de geallieerde schoten worden. De opzet slaagde, want toen in de Canadezen hadden ze aanzienlijk meer hoofdmacht richting Leipzig. Op 25 april de Engelsen en Canadezen op 13 en 14 april vertrouwen. de stad binnentrokken, stuitten ze slechts hier werd het eerste contact met de Russen bier en daar op enig verzet. Ze kregen een gemaakt. Het Duitse rijk was in tweeen Bij zo'n plaatselijke poging om de macht over spookstad in handen: rokende puinhopen en gesplitst. leder van de geallieerde mogendhete nemen, ging bet op Texel helemaal mis. Op instortende huizen, mensen ontbraken. den kende zijn taak bij het opruimen van de het eiland lag een ·garnizoen van ongeveer Al v66r de val van Arnhem was generaa l laatste verzetshaarden. De Russen namen achthonderd Georgische militafren. Ze waren Berlijn voor hun rekening, de Engelsen rukBlaskowitz begonnen met de strategischc aan het oostfront krijgsge;angen. gemaakt, terugtrekking op de vesting Holland, die met ten op naar de Duitse Noordzeehavens en de min of meer geprest om in ·het Duitse leger Amerikanen concentreerden zich' vooral op de oude Grebbelinie uit 1940 samenviel. Op dienst te nemen,''cJoch voortdurend uitziend midden- en zuid-Duitsland. 1 I 9 april was bijna heel noord- en oost-Nenaar een 'ka"ns ertusse~uit te knijpen. Die derland bevrijd. De Randstad hield de adem gelegenheid leek op 6 april gekomen. Met zijn Verzetshaarden in voor wat ·volgen zou. Maar er volgde niets. achthonderden moesten ze bet opnemen teEn Nederland? In het spoor van Montgomery Kort voor Amersfoort kwam de opmars van gen goed vierhonde_rd Duitsers en dat in een waren Britse en Canadese legers bij Wesel de de geallieerden tot staan. Het bevel luidde: hun gunstig gezinde omgeving. Van begin af Rijo overgetrokken, om dfrect daarna af te geen aanval op west-Nederland. aan liep het echter mis. De beide kustbatterijbuigen naar J:wente en de Achterhoek. Het is Voor de mensen daar was het nauwelijks te en op de nooid,- en zuidpunt, die _samen bet tekenend voor de bescheiden plaats op Eibevatten. Het moest toch bekend zijn hoe hele eiland bestreken, bleven oncJanks versenhowers prioriteitenlijst, dat deze legers de groot de ellende was, dater een hongerwinter woede .aanvallen' stevig in Du_itse handen. Nederlandse grens pas op 29 maart overwas geweest, dat - nu de Randstad ook nog schreden; twee dagen erna had de hoofd~ .Evenmin-ko~ worden verhinderd dat_reeds de van oost-Nederland was afgesneden - er eerste dag uit Den Helder Duitse versterkinmacht het hele Ruhrgebied i i• omsingeld. helemaal niets meer te eten was. Op 7 april gen werden aangevoerd. Op 8 april waren dat Verwonderlijk is het natuurlij_k niet: alleen in had ir. Louwes, directeur-generaal voor de er al tegen de vierduizend en ,dat i,tantal werd Duitsland kon de beslissende slag geleverd voedselvoorziening, de situatie gekenschetst warden. · steeds grater. als de overgang van hongersnood naar honHeroverde delen van bet eiland werden letVoor de Duitse commandant in Nederland, gerdood. Vanuit de Binnenlandse Strijdterlijk huis voor huis uitgekamd; mensen die generaa l Blaskowitz, viel er weinig eer te krachten en het College van Vertrouwenservan werden verdacht hulp·aa~ de opstandehehalen aan de strijd. Hij had met dwangarmannen (het illegaal opgezette noodbestuur lingen te hehben verleend, werden zonder heiders op bet laatste ogenblik nog een dat kl aar stood om de macht over te ne men en ; as· --:- :: �-------~--~-~-~--------~--~-----------------~---------~ -~ --_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-; Ir -~ .' . 21 e jaargang 18 - 3 mei 1985 .,. Bevrljdlng langs een omweg . . . ,.,. -.~ . . ........ -· . {< ...,.. ... De Duitse bevelhebber in Nederland, generaal Blaskowitz (rechts in het midden) ondertekent in hotel De Wereld de capitu/atlepapieren ten overstaan van de Canadese generaal Foulkes 13 ~., ...... ., dat steeds.. openlijker aan de dag k_on treden) -i werd een drjngend beroep gedaan op rijks- ~ commissaris · Seyss-Inquart om 9e nood te ~. leriigen. Na overleg-met Blasko.wffz !_ooiide hij zich b~reid een officieuze Yt'.apenstilstand· met de geallieerdt;n te sluiten. Ge_dureilde die tijd zouden er dan geen executies of_,,vernielingen meer plaatsvinden en kon er voedsel en stee'nkool worden aangevoerd·. De vertrou- • ·wensmannen Neher en Van dcr Gaag kregen toestemming op 13_april door de linies been· naar Breda.te reizen, waar enige Nede~laildse ministers aanwezig waren. Hef·voors~el werd bier erg gunstig ontvangen. Het- ~esten WH dus nog van de h·ongerdood:te·redden, maar cian moest er we! heel snefworden gehandeld. :Elke;dai,' ja elk uur werd de toestand-~r_itie~ ker, .. .,. Toen kwam de kater. Bij de geallieerden vie! ~het:voorstel erg slecht: Pe stelregel was dat ~ met Duitsers uitsluitend over onvoorwaar~ delijke capitulaties we:i:o onderhandeld. Wa'·penstilstanden kwamen in dit draaiboek niet vM r. Premier Gerbrandy deed alles orri .Churchill aan het verstand te brengen dat ~tienduizenden mensenlevens op het spel stonden. Dagen gingen voorbij. Washingtcin ~ werd geraadpleegd, Moskou van het voorsf~l 1 op de hoogte gesteld en ond_ertussen gin gen ;in ;: L ______.__...,..._..-_ Holland de terechtstellingen door. Qe Prlns Be(!'hard in het bevrl/de Deventer ~liaarste werd steeds nijpender. De Duitser~ zelf voelden het einde eveneens na·deren en 'riuiarschalk schikte hen te ontvangen. Op zijn werden onberekenbaarder in hun reacties. vraag wat ze wilden, deden ze het verzoek om Qe discipline nam af en de onderdelen waren drie legers in het noordoosten van Duitsland nauwelijks meer door de legerleiding in de aan de Britten te mogen overgeven in plaats hand te houden. Eindelijk kwam het verlos- van aan de Russen, van wie ze na het sende bericht. Eisenhower had toegestemd in beestachtige optreden van de SS in Oosteen gesprek tussen Seyss-Inquart en zijn Europa weinig goeds te verwachten hadden. stafchef, generaal Bedell-Smith. Ze ont- Maar Montgomery peinsde er niet over. Ze moetten elkaar op,30 april 0in Achterveld bij moesten zich aan hun ·directe tegenstander Amersfoort. De voedselaanvoer was snel o~ergeven. Het enige waar hij zelf over,.wilde geregeld, maanoen Bedell-Smith een pog!ng praten was een slagveldcapitulatie van de waagde om de rijkscommissaris tot ca"pitulatie Duitse strijdkrachten in zijn sector van :-het te tiewegen, wefd dat ·resoluut verworpen. front. Als 1d~ar niet onmiddellijk t~ besloten Oat- was een zaak voor het Oberkommando werd, dreigde hij,zelfs geen vluchtelingen.uitder Wehrmacht; d1;1t kor:i alleen Berlijn-be- het oosten meer doorgang ,te verleil~n. Verslagen keerde de deJegatic terug naar slissen. Flensburg, waar Df>nitz zijn regeringstep"'"' trum had ingericht; Er was geen .keus. I>e". Cepltulatle · Eh in er.lijn viei cle beslissing. D~genlang volgende- Hag al was Von Friedeburg· weer vochten de Russen·;zich een weg aaar de tenig. H_ij: was gemachtigd toe te stem men in Fiihrerbuitker. Toen ,ze tot·op enkele•honder- de onvoorwaardelijke overgave,van de Duitse den meters waren genaderd, pleegde Hitler strijdlfrachten· ii! de noordwestelijke sector op_30 _april zelfmoord. De.verant~oordelijk- .van het front, inclusief het nog bezette deel heid over zijn totaal vernietigde Grootduitse van Nederland, Denemarken en Noorwegen. rijk droeg hij over aan admiraal Donitz. Deze Op 4 mei gaven de Duitse troepen in Nedermaririe-officier was ook voor de ·geallieerden land zich dus over. Wat op 5 mei in Wagenineen aanvaardbare gesprekspartner. Donitz gen gebeurde, was een bevestiging hiervan en had weinig keus. Hem kwam de twijfelachtige de feitelijke capitulatie ter plaatse. Daar eer toe de oorlog tot een goed einde te verscheen aan het eind van de middag in brengen en hij was realist genoeg om te Hotei De Were Id generaal Blaskowitz aan het beseffen dat 'goed' een spoedige capitulatie hoofd van de Duitse.delegatie; Seyss-Inquart betekende. was kort daarvoor per schip naar Flensburg Op 3 mei verscheen rond het middaguur een gevlucht. Ten overstaan van de Canadese Duitse militaire delegatie onder leiding van genera al f oulkes en onder aanwezigheid van admiraal Von Friedeburg bij"Montgomery op prins Bernhard tekende de Duitse bevelhebde Lilneburger Heide. Ze konden zich opber de capitulatiepapieren. Nederland was stellen onder de Britse vlag tot het de veld- vrij dank zij de overgave in de sector van 1 Montgomery, maar daarme~ was de oorlog nog niet voorhij. Na deze capitulatie was admiraal Von Friedeburg overgebracht naar het geallieerde hoofdkwartier in Reims. Hier waren alle papi~ren ·voor·. een volledige capitulatie van alle Duitse strijdkrachten al klaargemaakt, doch de admiraal bleek hiertoe geen instructies te ..liebben-ontvangen. Donitz werd telegrafi~ch:geraadpleegd. Hij zegde toe generaal Jodhtaad~.eims te sturen, maar toen deze op 6 niei- arriveerde beschikte hij evenmin over die macht~ging. Eisenhower zag in wat de ~uitse,legerl~iding van plan was. Ze wilde de ·definitieve overgave uitstellen om nog zoveel m9gelijk militairen in de gelegenheid te stellcn ·naar het westen te vluchten en zo uit fumden van de Russen·te blijven. De Amerikaanse generaal'had er·geen enkel belang bij hieraan meete werken en zich de ergernis van iijn boitdgenoten op de hals :te halen. Joell kreeg een halfuur,bedenktijd, metachter · de deur dezelfde stok·waarmee Montgomery twee dagen eerder al had gedreigd: werden de geallieerde eisen tot een onvoorwaardelijke capitulatie niet ingewilligd, dan zouden alle westelijke linies voor mensen uit bet oosten worden gesloten. Op 7 mei om half twee 's morgens kwam de telegrafische machtiging uit Flensburg binnen in Reims. Jodi kon de capitulatie tekenen, ingaande op 8 mei te middernacht. Deze plechtigheid werd op 8 mei in Berlijn nog eens herhaald. Uitdrukkelijk moest Duitsland ook buigen voor de Sovjetunie. Pas toen dit achter de rug was, werd de capitulatie officieel bekendgemaakt. Over nazi-Duitsland was het dock gevallen. [lJ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_NWS_1985-05-03-Intermediair-Liberation-by-a-detour Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Intermediair Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Bevrijding langs een omweg Description An account of the resource Article about the liberation of Nazi-occupied Netherlands at the end of World War II. In Dutch. Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Netherlands -- History -- German occupation, 1940-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource nl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/daffb60d9add2b5e2114892221aa7583.jpg e11f158f7034651bbb8bc305eec81e65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PR6031.A72 C78 1906 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0274 Title A name given to the resource The Cruise of the Conqueror: Being the Further Adventures of the Motor Pirate Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Iorio, Adrian (Designer) Description An account of the resource Binding of The Cruise of the Conqueror: Being the Further Adventures of the Motor Pirate, by G. Sidney Paternoster, published by L.C. Page & Co., c.1906. Cover title is different from the title page. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8469068c34e33d1e84c49ed728f20a17.pdf bc348103c368a432bf1e6e7fc0f71077 PDF Text Text 2023-2027 IOSCO COUNTY FIVE YEAR PARKS & RECREATION PLAN Page i �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan The Iosco County Recreation Plan was prepared in 2022 by the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission. Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission Iosco County Board of Commissioners Adopted on February 15, 2023 Gary Blaser, Chairperson Jim McArdle, Vice Chairperson Ben Brewer Susan Flora Jane Hayward Jim McArdle James Miner Cheryl McDonell Jerry Smith Frederick Strauer Donald Jay O’Farrell, Chairperson Terry Dutcher, Vice Chairperson Charles Finley Brian Loeffler Rob Huebel Page i �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... 1-1 CHAPTER 2 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ................................................................................................... 2-1 CHAPTER 3 RECREATION INVENTORY ........................................................................................................... 3-1 CHAPTER 4 PLANNING PROCESS AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT ....................................................................... 4-1 CHAPTER 5 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 5-1 CHAPTER 6 ACTION PROGRAMS .................................................................................................................. 6-1 APPENDIX A MAPS – CURRENT IOSCO COUNTY TRAIL MAP .......................................................................... - 1 - APPENDIX B PUBLIC INPUT DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................... - 12 - APPENDIX C POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES FOR PARKS AND RECREATION PROJECTS .............................. - 27 - APPENDIX D COMMUNITY GRANT APPLICATION ........................................................................................ - 31 - APPENDIX E 2022 AND 2023 BUDGETS ....................................................................................................... - 32 - APPENDIX F COPY OF PUBLIC NOTICE ......................................................................................................... - 35 - APPENDIX G ADOPTION DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................ - 36 - Page ii �Iosco County Chapter 1 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Community Description A Recreation Plan for all of Iosco County Iosco County has developed a recreation plan to serve as a guideline to improve recreation facilities and develop new recreational opportunities. To that end, this document forms the basis to guide policy for implementation of improvements and new initiatives that will meet the recreational goals and interests of the Iosco County community. The development of this plan was guided by the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission. Before any recreation plan is adopted and enacted, it is first important to understand what the needs of the residents are, what recreational opportunities already exist, and what sort of projects and programs are relevant for residents based on age, ability, population, density, and the availability of recreational opportunities in neighboring communities. This plan has carefully considered input and suggestions via active communication from area residents, officials, and other community stakeholders. This input is a critical component to this plan and, together, the voices of the Iosco County Community have united to develop a recreation plan to enhance the quality of life for everyone. The foundation for the development of the Iosco County Recreation Plan was based on the following goals: • • • • Build common ground among Iosco County area stakeholders in addressing the future recreational needs and priorities of the community, Enable the County to be eligible for financial assistance based upon the Recreation Plan, Facilitate inter-agency collaboration in establishing recreation goals, objectives, and actions, and Create consistency with and expansion upon goals and objectives set forth in existing planning documents that deal partially or wholly with recreation. Broadly speaking, Iosco County officials intend to use this plan to guide their work on all future recreational and parks projects within the County. Specifically, this plan is developed in accordance with the guidelines for Community Park, Recreation, Open Space, and Greenway Plans published by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). A five-year, MDNR-approved Recreation Plan is necessary for the governmental entities to pursue MDNR administered grants. This Recreation Plan is written for Iosco County. It covers all aspects of recreation within the County. Page 1-1 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Iosco County is located on Lake Huron in the northeastern section of lower Michigan. The County is bordered on the north by Alcona County, on the west by Ogemaw County, on the south by Arenac County, and on the east by Lake Huron. Iosco County covers an area of approximately 565 square miles. It is a sparsely populated county characterized by a variety of scenic water bodies, large tracts of public and private forest lands, and clustered areas of agricultural land. The majority of the local population resides along the Lake Huron shoreline near US-23, East Tawas, Tawas City, and Oscoda. The remaining population concentrations and employment opportunities are found in the west where M-65 connects Hale and Whittemore. The County consists of eleven townships and three cities. Source: State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources Due to an abundance of scenic natural features, the County is a popular destination for tourism and recreation. Tawas Bay, home to East Tawas and Tawas City, is one of the largest harbors on the Great Lakes. In addition, there are several beautiful inland lakes such as Long Lake, Loon Lake, Sand Lake, Tawas Lake, and Van Ettan Lake. The Au Sable River runs through the Page 1-2 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan northern portion of the County and several other waterways are available for public, recreational use. Given the location and natural amenities of Iosco County, the area offers a variety of recreational activities such as cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, fishing, boating, hiking, biking, horseback riding, camping, color tours, swimming, and golf. Scenic views are in the County are abundant. Iosco County is easily accessible from I-75 via US-23, M-65, and M-55. Iosco County is home to many seasonal residents who are drawn to the county's attractive natural environment. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, there were 19,856 total housing units in the County; of those, 7,824 housing units are classified as seasonal, recreational, or occasional use. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the year-round population of Iosco County is 25,237. Since 2010, the Iosco County population has decreased by 2.3 percent from 25,841. Some important demographic statistics from the 2020 Census are shown in Figure 1, providing a brief snapshot of the area as compared to the State of Michigan. Page 1-3 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Figure 1 Selected Census Data for Comparison in Iosco County and Michigan Iosco County Population – 2020 Consensus Michigan 25,237 10,077,331 Median Age 52.9 39.8 % of Population under 18 16.4 21.7 % of Population 65 & Older 29.6 17.2 7.2 11.4 $52,755 $80,803 2.11 2.45 $97,000 $174,800 % bachelor’s degree or higher Per capita income Average household size Median housing value Source: US Census Bureau 2020 Decennial Census, and 2016-2020 American Community Survey. Natural Resource Inventory Iosco County is rich in natural resources. As discussed above, the state and national forest lands cover thousands of acres in the County. There are large tracts of private woodlands as well. The waterways include the Au Sable River, Lake Huron, and numerous inland lakes. Scattered around and between these areas are wetlands. These woodlands, waterways, and wetlands provide habitat for unique plants and abundant wildlife. According to the Michigan Natural Features Inventory and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the threatened and endangered species in Iosco County include: Lake sturgeon Lake cress Red-shouldered hawk Piping plover Pitcher’s thistle Lake herring Trumpeter swan Prairie warbler Kirtland's warbler Common loon River redhorse Ginseng Eastern fox snake Channel darter River darter Pine-drops Lake Huron locust Wild rice Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake Iris lacustris Platanthera leucophaea Solidago houghtonii Hymenoxys herbacea Mimulus michiganensis Cirsium pitcheri Page 1-4 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Chapter 2 Parks and Recreation Plan Administrative Structure How Parks and Recreation Works in Iosco County Iosco County parks and recreation functions are overseen by the Iosco County Parks Commission which was formed in 1968. The Parks Commission serves as an advisory board to the Iosco County Board of Commissioners. The Commission consists of nine people. Six are appointed at large by the County Board of Commissioners along with one County Commissioner, the County Drain Commissioner, and a representative from the Road Commission. Iosco County presently owns two parcels, one park facility located in Oscoda Township at the Van Ettan Creek Dam and a pocket park located in Au Sable Township in addition to grooming and maintaining 95 miles of snowmobile trails that are located on federal and state forest land within the County. Trail maintenance is contracted out annually. Iosco County Parks and Recreation Organization Chart Iosco County Board of Commissioners Iosco County Parks Commission Iosco County Administrator Subcontractors Page 2-1 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Relationships with Public Agencies or Private Organizations As the result of a cooperative agreement regarding the snowmobile trails, Iosco County works closely with U.S. Forest Service and the State Department of Natural Resources. The County also works and cooperates with other trail maintenance groups such as the Michigan Cycle Conservation Club and various snowmobile groups and volunteers. The Iosco Conservation District is a local government entity that provides technical assistance to protect and enhance the land and water resources within the County. The Iosco County Conservation District owns 80 acres of forest to provide educational examples of different land management techniques for residents to visit. There also 501(c)(3) organizations such as Huron Pines that are located in the northern Michigan region that the County and other local units of government are able to partner with in order to help preserve and protect areas in the County. Budgets Major funding revenue for Iosco County Parks and Recreation Department comes from two Michigan Department of Natural Resources grants that are obtained annually. The grants include Off-Road Vehicle Trail Maintenance Grant and Snowmobile Trail Improvement Grant. In 2014, the County’s acquisition of the Van Ettan Creek property, as referenced in the Grant History section, has provided the impetus for the development of other park lands through the passage of the County-wide millage. In 2016, the County passed a millage dedicated to parks and recreation improvements within the County. To date, the County has received approximately $1.181 million from 2016 to 2021 and approximately another $305,000 collected for the year 2022 and expended $185,469 todate through an annual grant process. This millage passed by a narrow margin and based on concern for the pending economy and current balance of funds, the County chose not to pursue renewal of this millage in 2022. The County may investigate reinstating the millage in the future for further development of parks and recreation areas and maintenance needs. Their intent is to re-format how these funds are distributed. Due to their limited recreation facilities, programing, and maintenance demands at this point, they do not have a significant budget dedicated to parks and recreation. Discussions about how to communicate and spend the millage were considered at two stakeholder meetings. During the stakeholder meetings, it was indicated that there was a need for better communication to applicants from the County regarding how to properly apply and advocate for their projects in order to receive both millage and matching grant funding that the County also offers. Goals and action programs regarding the communication and distribution of the millage and matching grant program are discussed in Chapter 5 and Chapter 6, respectively. Expenditures for 2022 and 2023 are shown in Figure 2. The 2022 and 2023 budgets are indicated in Appendix E. Page 2-2 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Figure 2 Iosco County Parks and Recreation Budget 2023 Park and Recreation Budget Snowmobile Fund Estimated Revenues County Parks Estimated Revenues (Millage) $6,050 $61,290 $351,955 Volunteers Local snowmobile groups volunteer annually to assist with trail maintenance and cleanup. These include the AuSable Valley Trail Riders, Sand Lake Snow-goers, and the Hale Area Trail Blazers. The Iosco Exploration Trail (IET) is dedicated to providing additional recreation opportunities in Iosco County by way of a non-motorized pathway. This trail will encourage outdoor enthusiasts, sport enthusiasts, and give way for more natural beauty enjoyment by tourists and the local community. As part of the Michigan Iron Belle Trail, the IET Committee supports connecting communities and smaller trails to become a part of the bigger economic picture, as seen in Map 1. They promote active living and outdoor recreation and believe in providing a safe place to do this. Their work includes encouraging a healthier, more active lifestyle, bike safety, environmental conservation, preservation, and promotion of beautiful Iosco County and all the wonderful sites it holds. The IET Committee is actively working to fund and support the maintenance of the IET for years to come. Separate municipalities have funded development of the trail phases in their jurisdiction, leveraged with state and federal funding to the amount of $2,575,456 to date. The Iosco Exploration Trail organization has worked hand in hand with the following organizations since the group’s inception: AuSable Township Consumers Energy Hydro Consumers Energy Land Management Hale Area Association Helen Laidlaw Foundation Iosco County Community Foundation Iosco County Parks and Recreation Iosco Road Commission MDNR Recreation Specialists MDOT North Region Planner NEMCOG and Heritage Route US 23 Oscoda AuSable Convention Visitors Bureau Oscoda Township Plainfield Township Top of Michigan Trails – Iron Belle Trail Council US Forest Service Wilber Township Page 2-3 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Map 1: Iosco Exploration Trail Grant History Figure 3 shows the grant history of Iosco County since 1966 from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Figure 3 Grant History Project Title Au Sable Park Aloe Property Acquisition Grant Number 26-00072 Project Year 1966 Grant Amount $22,950 TF11-091 2011 $148,000 2014 2015 Property Acquisition Iosco Exploration Trail, Phase 1 TF15-0027 Project Description Acquired 11 acres. Transferred to MDNR ownership. Project Status Grant Closed Acquired 2.89 acres of land on Van Ettan Creek Grant Closed - Purchased 3.13 acres of land with 821 of riverfront along the north shore of Van Ettan Creek Grant Closed $296,000 Developed a 2.2-mile trail and pedestrian bridge that is part of the Iosco Exploration Trail and Iron Belle Trail. It connects the community of Oscoda to the Oscoda Schools complex. The trail crosses the Au Sable River and run through the HuronManistee National Forest. Grant Closed Page 2-4 �Iosco County Chapter 3 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Recreation Inventory Parks in Iosco County To plan for parks and recreation in the future, one needs to examine the types of facilities that currently exist in the community. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment’s Guidelines for the Development of Community Parks, Recreation, Open Space and Greenway Plans requires a community to take inventory of those park facilities that it owns and operates. Iosco County maintains more than 100 miles of snowmobile trails. In addition, the County owns a park located at the Van Ettan Creek Dam in Oscoda Township. The County also felt it was worthwhile to inventory regional recreational facilities with a particular focus on trails to plan for County recreational facilities in the future. The inventory was completed using available data from the County, State of Michigan, and the Huron National Forest. Barrier-Free Compliance and Parks Conditions The following summarizes the accessibility of the County parks and recreation facilities in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). In general, all construction since 1991 was required to comply with these guidelines. Recent improvements in parks have greatly increased accessibility. A general ranking for each park was determined through site visits as follows: 1 = none of the facilities/park areas meet accessibility guidelines 2 = some of the facilities/park areas meet accessibility guidelines 3 = most of the facilities/park areas meet accessibility guidelines 4 = the entire park meets accessibility guidelines 5 = the entire park was developed/renovated using the principals of universal design County-Owned Van Ettan Creek Park Size: 3.13 acres Purpose: The park is undeveloped with walking trails through the elevated bank along the Van Ettan Creek. There is an unimproved parking area at the dam and access to the water along the south side of the dam. Located on the west end of the property there is a staircase. The site is used for passive recreation, fishing and kayaking access, portaging past the dam Funding: Iosco County purchased property along the Van Ettan Creek near Page 3-1 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan the Van Ettan Dam in Oscoda Township with grant funding from the Michigan Natural Resource Trust Fund detailed in Chapter 2. Van Ettan Creek Park Evaluation of Existing Facilities: (1) The park access would be increased with the addition of paved ADA parking, an accessible loop path along the elevated bank, and accessible access to the water. AuSable Township Pocket Park Size: Approximately 4,000 square feet. Purpose: The Pocket Park is currently a kayak and small boat launch with two parking spaces. The Pocket Park is currently being proposed for a remodel to include one ADA parking space and access aisle, with ADA picnic table with a wooden canopy and a wood deck along the riverfront portion of the park. Evaluation of Existing Facilities: (1) The park is proposed to increase compliance with ADA guidelines once reconstruction occurs. Currently, the park does not appear to comply with ADA guidelines. Iosco County Fairgrounds Purpose: Located in Hale, the Iosco County Fairgrounds hosts an annual fair in July that includes carnival games, farm animal viewing, and concessions. The estimated yearly turnout is about 1,000 to 5,000 people. Evaluation of Existing Facilities: (1) The fairgrounds include a dirt parking area and carnival rides are located on grass areas. Other – Not County-Owned Regional Recreational Facilities Iosco County contains thousands of acres of public and private recreational lands. According to mapping completed by Ducks Unlimited and the Nature Conservancy, 151,000 of the 362,000 acres in the County are classified as conservation or recreation lands. The below inventory is not an inclusive list of all the non-county owned recreation, however, highlights the most popular and well-known parks and recreation in the county. A. Huron National Forest Size: Approximately 115,000 acres of the Huron National Forest lies within Iosco County. The vast majority of this land is in the northern half of the County surrounding the Au Sable River. Page 3-2 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Amenities: Camping, ATV trails, hiking, snowmobiling, boating/canoeing, fishing, cross country skiing, mountain biking, and horseback riding. Some of the larger/more popular recreational features in the Huron National Forest include High Banks Trail System, Iargo Springs Interpretive Area, Lumberman’s Monument Visitor Center, Tuttle Marsh, and the Corsair Trails. Funding: Within the Huron National Forest, the Corsair Trail Council, a 501 (c)(3) corporation, has had a long-lasting partnership with the Forest Service to create, develop, promote, maintain, and expand the Corsair Skiing/Hiking Trail system and the High Banks Trail. The Forest Service has an annual budget with a portion allocated to recreation programming. The Corsair Trail Council does an annual brushing maintenance and provides grooming on selected trails during the winter. The Trail Council also has funding from various fundraisers during the year. A.1. Shore to Shore Trial Size: 220-mile-long trail that connects Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The east segment of the trail begins in Oscoda and generally parallels the AuSable River. Amenities: Horseback riding trails as well as hiking and cross-country skiing. The trail features horse camps with access to wells at 18- to 25-mile intervals. A.2. Eagle Run Cross-Country Ski and Hiking Trail Size: 7-mile trail loop that runs along the south shore of the Lower AuSable River. Amenities: Loop trail system for hiking and cross-country skiing. Camping sites are available along the trail. A.3. Corsair Hiking and Cross-Country Skiing Trail Size: 28.3 miles of one-way trial Amenities: Corsair Trailhead has a spur to a 600-foot interpretive and fishing trial along Silver Creek. Hiking trails with dual use as cross-country skiing trials in the winter months. B. State of Michigan Forest Land Size: Approximately 9,000 acres of the State forest land is located in Burleigh, Sherman, and Alabaster Townships in the southern portion of the County. The northeast portion of the County contains approximately 16,000 acres of state forest land in Oscoda Township including a campground on Van Ettan Lake. One of these parcels contains a campground and frontage on Van Ettan Lake. Amenities: Several miles of Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) trails are located within this area. There are also designated campground areas and boat launches. B.1. Tawas Point State Park Size: A 183-acre facility located on Lake Huron, Tawas State Park Page 3-3 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Amenities: Camping, fishing, swimming, hiking, and the Tawas Point Lighthouse. B.2. Tawas Point Harbor Size: 500 feet of dock area for visitors Amenities: Transient and seasonal slips are available from May to September. The dock is staffed by State Park employees. B.3. Van Etten Lake State Forest Campground Size: 50 campsites overlooking Van Ette Lake near Oscoda-Wurtsmith Airport (KOSC). Amenities: Most campsites are universally accessible sites. Campground amenities include restrooms, potable water and an improved boat launch. C. City and Township facilities Several of the communities in Iosco County own and operate significant recreational facilities that draw visitors from across the region and beyond. Some of these include the: East Tawas East Tawas City Park Size: 7.2 acres Amenities: Campgrounds, picnic areas, and lake access Tom Dillion Park Size: 2 acres Amenities: Softball field as well as picnic pavilion with restrooms and a kitchen, a play structure and play equipment, and a horseshoe pit Bolen Park Size: 17 acres Amenities: Baseball fields, little league baseball fields, a wooden “Mackinac Bridge” play structure, a picnic pavilion with restrooms and kitchen facilities, horse shoe pits, and basketball courts Dewey Durant Park Size: 35.5 acres Amenities: Covered picnic pavilion with kitchen and restrooms, softball fields, tennis courts, professional horseshoe pits, disc golf course, and a “Peace Train” wooded play structure Page 3-4 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Tawas City Gateway Park Size: 13 acres Amenities: Picnic tables, 300-foot lighted and ADA-compatible fishing pier and boat launch which accommodates up to two 28-foot-long boats, 3,200-square-foot pavilion, and an area designated for dogs Shoreline Park Size: 8.2 acres Amenities: A 450-foot-long pier, passive benches, active fishing, picnic pavilions, a food concessions stand, restrooms, a boardwalk along the beach and a playscape Tawas Soccer Complex Size: 12.8 acres Amenities: Seven irrigated soccer fields, two baseball fields/softball fields, indoor restrooms, benches and sitting areas, picnic tables, pavilions and picnic shelters, a concession stand, and playground equipment Tawas Township Tawas Bay Ice Arena Amenities: Indoor ice-skating rink with off-street parking available Alabaster Township Alabaster Bike Path and Arboretum Size: 6.5-mile bike path which runs through forest land adjacent to US-23. Amenities: Over 150 labeled trees along the edge of the trail. Lake Huron Coastal Preserve Size: 145-acres Amenities: Alabaster Bike Path and Arboretum runs through the Coastal Preserve. Funding: Alabaster Township secured funding to purchase the 145-acre property along Lake Huron with the help of Huron Pines from a $1.7 million Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund (MNRTF) grant. The property is located in southern Iosco County and will be used for permanent protection and public use of the Lake Huron shoreline. Page 3-5 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Oscoda Township Oscoda Township Old Orchard Park Size: Approximately 4 miles long. Amenities: Campgrounds Oscoda Huron Sunrise Park Size: 14-acre beach park Amenities: Gravel parking and accessible trails for biking Oscoda Little League Fields Size: 49.4 acres Amenities: Little league fields, soccer fields, concession stands, bathroom facilities, and open-air pavilion There are various complexes in the County such as the Oscoda Little League Fields, Tawas Bay Ice Arena and Tawas Soccer Complex that are described above as well as various golf courses such as Red Hawk Golf Course and Tawas Creek Golf Course. Based on stakeholder input and County objectives, the County’s role in providing active sports is not a primary goal since the need is being filled by local municipalities. Snowmobile Trails The following trails are maintained by the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Department: A. Route 6/Huron Trail Size: Approximately 36 miles of Route 6. The eastern trailhead for Route 6, also known as the Huron Trail, is located in McQuaig Park in Au Sable Township. Route 6 traverses through the Huron National Forest. Amenities: Portable restrooms are located in three locations along the trail and one warming shed is located just west of M-65 at Abbot Road. Route 6 carries snowmobilers east to west across most of the state. Parking is located at the western end of the trail in Iosco County. B. Route 649/Huron Sand Lake Spur Size: 9.1-mile north-south trail runs from the Sand Lake area northward to the Huron Trail. Amenities: Parking is located at the Sand Lake trail- head. The trail is a designated ORV trail as well. C. Route 645 Size: 15-mile span that heads east, then south, and then west from the 649 trail Page 3-6 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Amenities: A parking lot and portable restroom is located at Monument and Kobs Road. D. Route 647 Size: 6-mile span that runs south of the Huron Trail along Channel Road Amenities: Not Applicable E. Route 96 Size: 17-mile trail carries snowmobilers north and east across the Au Sable River along Rea Road and then heads north and westward towards Glennie. This trail is located in the Au Sable State Forest and the Huron National Forest. Amenities: Parking and portable restrooms are located in two separate locations near the east end of the trail. The middle portion of the trail is a designated ORV trail. F. Route 960 Size: 5-mile trail carries snowmobilers from Van Ettan Lake north of Oscoda to the 96 Trail. Amenities: Parking and portable restrooms are located at both ends of the trail. Portions of two other snowmobile trails located in northern Iosco County are maintained by Alcona County Parks and Recreation. These include the westward extension of the 96 trail and the 963 trail. A map showing these snowmobile trails is shown in Appendix A. ORV Trails There are more than 55 miles of ORV trails throughout Iosco County. The trails are all maintained by the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission and their subcontractors through a grant from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. During the August 11th, 2022, stakeholder meeting, concerns were raised regarding general maintenance of these trails. The County completed a Connecting Communities from the MDNR to help enhance the riding experience on the ORV trails in Iosco County. The Iosco County Board of Commissioners adopted an ordinance for the purpose of authorizing and regulating the operation of ORVs on roads in Iosco County, effective January 7, 2009. A map showing available ORV trails is shown in Appendix A. Iosco Exploration Trail The Iosco Exploration Trail (IET) will traverse 44 miles of trails that connect Oscoda to Hale via the River Road National Scenic Byway; with abundant waypoints, vistas, overlooks, and natural beauty. The trail will support an active, healthy lifestyle while attracting tourists from across the county. Approximately $2.4 million has been Page 3-7 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan awarded in matching grants to Iosco County for Phase 1 of the IET. The IET also acts as a catalyst for the preservation and access to cultural and historic areas along the route. The IET also provides safe pedestrian passage across the AuSable River and will also give a safe route off the main highway for school children, pedestrians, and bikers. Funding for the project has come from a variety of sources including Federal Lands Access Program (FLAP). The county applied for $450,000. A preliminary commitment was received on May 14, 2015, which was delivered in 2017. A Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Grant was also applied for in the amount of $296,000. A preliminary commitment was received on December 2, 2015. Another grant through the Michigan Department of Transportation Alternatives Program Grant (TAP) was awarded in the amount of $1,449,456 with a conditional commitment being received on December 8, 2015. A map of the IET can be found in Appendix A. Phase 1 Size: 2.73 miles long and includes a pedestrian bridge that will connect downtown Oscoda and AuSable to the high school and middle school located on River Road. Funding: A total amount of $2,335,456 was attained. The partners in this project included the following: $40,000 – Phase 1 – Source: Iosco Exploration Trail Iosco County; $50,000 – AuSable Township; $50,000 – Oscoda Township; $450,000 – Federal Lands Access Program (FLAP) $296,000 – MNRTF and $1,449,456 – MDOT TAP. Project Status: Phase 1 of the IET was completed in 2021. Phase 2 Size: Phase 2 included Loon Lake Trail in Hale which is a 1.9-mile-long trail traveling from Loon Lake to Kokosing Road. Funding: A Trust Fund Development grant of $140,000 was awarded in 2016. Project Status: Phase 2 was completed in 2019. Phase 3 Size: Phase 3 includes construction of a 5.3-mile-long, 10foot-wide gravel path adjacent to River Road National Scenic Byway starting at the end of Phase 1 at Oscoda High School. Phase 2 – Source: Iosco Exploration Trail Page 3-8 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Funding: Campaigned for a match grant through the Michigan Economic Development Corporation’s Public Spaces Community Places initiative, reached their $50,000 goal in August of 2022. Project Status: Phase 3 construction is projected to begin in the fall of 2022. Phase 4 Size: From Au Sable and Baldwin Township to Finish Line Park. Project Status: Expected to be completed in 2023. Phase 5 Size: From Old Orchard Park to Lumberman’s Monument Project Status: Design has been completed. Construction is expected to take place from October 2023 to October 2024. Phase 6 Project Status: Design is completed. Construction is expected to take place from October 2024 to October 2025. Phase 7 Size: Eight-mile route from Westgate Welcome Center to Ora Lake to Putnam. Project Status: Construction is expected to take place from October 2023 to October 2024. Phase 8 Size: Route will be from Putnam to Webb to Wilson Creek to Long Lake Road to Rose City Road in Plainfield Township. Project Status: Route and design are planned. Alcona/Iosco State House Trail The Alcona/Iosco State House Trail is a very popular ORV trail that provides recreational opportunities for enthusiasts throughout most of the year. The County works closely with the DNR in maintenance and future development of this trail. The DNR provides oversight for this trail along with the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). As seen in in Appendix A, the Department of Natural Resources updated the State House Trail as of May 31, 2022. Page 3-9 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Wildcat Trail Size: The Wildcat Trail includes approximately 15 miles of new trail construction and 11 miles of repurposing a decommissioned equestrian trail for mountain biking. The existing trail extends from Old Orchard Campgrounds to Cooke Dam Road. Purpose: The Wildcat Trail is a mountain biking trail located at the Foote Site Overlook off River Road in Oscoda. Funding: The Professional Trail Builders Association have advertised for bidding and request for proposals for the Wildcat Mountain Trail Project (Huron Manistee National Forest) on the 15mile construction and 11-mile repurposing of the Wildcat Trail on September 19, 2022. It is projected that the proposed to start work on October 15, 2022, and the proposed work shall be completed by December 31, 2022. Passive Recreation Whittemore Speedway Racetrack Size: quarter mile Amenities: Asphalt, high banked race track, and off-street parking Bird Watching Areas Michigan is known for its large variety of natural fauna, including various types of warblers that migrate through the state. There are many areas within Iosco County for bird watching. Tuttle Marsh Wildlife Area is an area 7 miles north of Tawas Bay. Other birding spots in the County include Hale, Oscoda, Tawas City, and East Tawas. Tawas holds an annual birding festival called the Annual Tawas Point Birding Festival. Other birding events include the annual Tawas Point Migration in connection with AuSable Valley Audubon that is hosted in Tawas Point State Park. Sunrise Coast Birding Trail Size: 145-mile trail along U.S. 23 The Sunrise Coast Birding Trail is a bird watching trail that connects to the Saginaw Bay Birding Trail located south of East Tawas that runs along the east coast of Michigan. This trail passes through five counties and 28 designated locations in local, county, and state-owned parks. See Appendix A for the Sunrise Coast Birding Trail Map. Page 3-10 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Chapter 4 Planning Process and Public Engagement A Plan Supported by the Entire Community Iosco County has developed a Parks and Recreation 5-year Plan as a tool to guide the development of community park and recreational facilities and locations. The Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission worked on the development of this Parks and Recreation Plan. The Commission worked with Iosco County staff and representatives of various community groups throughout the course of the plan. Data was collected about the County including maps, demographics, park information, and an inventory of existing facilities. This data was collected from several resources such as county staff, other relevant planning documents, various websites (Census, County, National Forest Service, etc.), and through field observations. To comply with and exceed the MDNR guidelines for the Development of Community Park, Recreation Open Space and Greenway Plans, the Iosco County Parks Commission offered two stakeholder meetings that were used to start a dialogue with those with a particular interest within the County, along with a 30-day period for review and comment on the draft plan. Stakeholder Meeting On August 11, 2022, the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission held a half day event, holding two meetings inviting various stakeholders within the County. A majority of the stakeholders represented were the Parks and Recreation Commissioners, County School Teachers and Superintendents, local business owners, Soil Conservation District members, local Chamber of Commerce members, Fair Board members, and Township and City officials. The stakeholders were asked various questions pertaining to the strengths and gaps in service, what they believed the County millage should be spent on, and for any other feedback that they wished to be included in the Recreation Plan. Page 4-1 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan When asked what gaps in service the Iosco County Parks and Recreation could bridge, an overwhelming majority of answers were related to communication. Many solutions for the lack of communication were suggested including formal letters to municipality officials and to social media outlets. Other solutions included a calendar of events the County could post on its website with events hosted by the County, Townships, schools, and other groups, as well as adding County-wide and local municipality-mapped trails of biking, hiking, and ORV trails to the County website. Other communication needs Township and City officials identified were a lack of updated maps of various trails that are available. Other gaps included limited activities for children and residents in the winter months. When the stakeholders were asked what specific projects the $1.3 million millage should be spent on, answers included adding a bike path specifically in Au Sable Township, a mobile learning unit to educate the community, expansion of hardscapes especially at the existing parks and recreational areas and at the Fairgrounds, increased handicapped parking, and availability for handicapped persons to explore the parks and recreation areas in Iosco. Other projects identified were related to tourism and patrons to the County. Stated above, those stakeholders who identified tourism as a major strength of the County identified the lack of information available to patrons related to biking, hiking, and ORV trails. Stakeholders also stated they wanted to see clearer steps and processes to obtaining access to the millage and how to tailor applications to being granted funding. Stakeholders were also concerned about projecting maintenance of their parks and recreation areas and asked for further clarification on how to obtain part of the millage for maintenance. When the stakeholders were asked if the millage should be used to support a large number of small projects or a smaller number of larger projects, the County’s grant matching program came into discussion. The County currently matches $5,000 of funding for park and recreation needs. The stakeholders unanimously agreed that the dollar amount should be increased, with suggestions of increasing the match to $50,000. Other suggestions when matching grants were to decrease the amount match of larger projects. For example, a $50,000 project would only be allowed a 25 percent matching grant, where a project of $5,000 could receive a 50 percent matching grant. When the stakeholders were asked what the key aspects of the grant process are that will help promote and distribute the County millage, stakeholders expressed concerns with the current communication of how money is to be spent and how to obtain parts of the millage for projects. Ideas for creating a better system of distribution were including a scoring card of projects based on set criteria and a determined percentage would be awarded to the proposal depending on its score. Some standards for scoring suggested including the potential impact on surrounding communities, if the project is locally based or will have a regional impact, and which group the project is targeting (tourism or current residents of the County). Municipality officials suggested that payment should be given after a project is completed as a reimbursement for accountability that a project is seen to completion. A copy of the questions asked at the stakeholder meeting, the agenda, and posting for the meeting are indicated in Appendix B. The meeting was advertised through a flyer sent to various stakeholders within the County. The target stakeholders included Township Supervisors, Mayors, and Boards, the IET, local Chamber of Commerce members, local business owners, and others. Page 4-2 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Draft Plan/30-Day Review Period A draft plan was prepared for review by County staff and the Parks Commission. Upon review, the plan was posted at county offices and advertised with a legal notice in the Iosco County News-Herald paper on November 30, 2022. A copy of this notice is included in the Appendix F. A systems approach to analysis of recreation needs in the county was applied to this planning process through input from stakeholders, County Staff, and the Planning Commission. Due to the abundance of available natural resources and other active programming including Federal, State, and local agencies, the roles outlined in the Goals and Objectives Chapter reflect an intent to avoid being redundant in the role the County plays as a recreation provider. The public, as well as the County Board of Commissioners, had the opportunity during the 30day adoption period to make recommended changes and comments about the plan. Public Hearing Comments were compiled from the 30-day review and the plan was revised. A public hearing was posted February 8, 2023 and advertised with a legal notice in Iosco County News-Herald paper for a February 15 meeting. A copy of this notice and minutes from the entire meeting is included in the Appendix F. Final Plan Adoption Comments were compiled from the public hearing and the plan was revised. The plan was adopted by the Board of Commissioners on February 15, 2023. A copy of this resolution and minutes from the entire meeting is included in the Appendix G. A copy of the plan was sent to the County and regional planning authority, transmittals are included in the appendix along with the certification checklist. The County completed the post completion self-certification forms for county grant funded projects; these are included in the appendix. Page 4-3 �Iosco County Chapter 5 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Goals and Objectives Providing Recreation Opportunities for Iosco County This chapter is intended to guide Iosco County’s decision-making concerning future development, conservation, and exploration of the community’s vast parks and recreation opportunities. The goals and objectives included herein were developed in part with the stakeholder groups that participated on the August 11, 2022, meetings. These stakeholders were comprised of Parks and Recreation Commissioners, County School Teachers and Superintendents, local business owners, Soil Conservation District members, local Chamber of Commerce members, Fair Board members, and Township and City officials. A goal is a destination that has been established by community input. Goals are the broadest level which are overarching and general. An objective is a mile marker along the pathway toward achieving a goal. Objectives carry out the purpose of the goal. An action program is the intended outcome of the goal. Action plans can also include organizational, stating, programming, public information, and operation and maintenance actions. Developing goals and objectives is an important part of the recreation planning process. The main goal of the Iosco County Parks Commission is to provide recreation opportunities for the region it serves. More specific objectives and action plans must be based on public input, the demographic characteristics of the population served, and the physical and environmental characteristics of the County. Iosco County is also aware of the need to continually coordinate its efforts with those of other governmental units and agencies. Several of these entities have their own recreation plans and the County has reviewed many of these documents as it was developing the following goals and objectives. For example, the following are two of the goals in the Concentrated Recreation Areas Section of the 2006 Land and Resource Management Plan of the Huron-Manistee National Forests. • Provide moderate to high amounts of recreational facilities, such as trails; dispersed and developed camping and picnic areas. • Provide for recreational activities such as skiing, hunting, fishing, viewing scenery, and other recreational opportunities. Page 5-1 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Goal 1: Promote and provide diverse recreational opportunities to satisfy all age groups and levels of ability. Iosco County has a wealth of natural resources and a wide variety of outdoor activities to offer residents and visitors. However, based on the community input and comparison to standards, there are still unmet recreational needs in the County. Further, not all residents and visitors are aware of the existing parks and recreational facilities. The County wishes to develop appropriate recreational activities to meet the needs of residents and to create opportunities to draw in tourists and visitors. The County also wishes to better promote the existing parks and recreation in the County by means of social media. Lastly, the County wishes to meet the needs of all people who wish to use recreational facilities, including those who are disabled. One reason that this is becoming more important is that the median age in Iosco County is much higher than that of Michigan. Senior citizens wish to stay active, however, their mobility may be reduced because disabilities and other ailments tend to increase with age. Objective: Improve general access arid signage to all recreational sites, including little known areas such as launch points on lakes and rivers for canoeing, kayaking, and fishing. Objective: Identify and encourage accessibility improvements at recreational areas by incorporating universal design in all new facilities and upgrades, as appropriate. Objective: Work cooperatively with other County communities, State and Federal agencies, non-profit organizations, and stakeholders to provide recreation facilities and services in Iosco County and to avoid duplication of effort and resources. Objective: Foster a relationship with the Iosco County 4-H program for educational and recreation opportunities for youth in the community. Goal 2: Promote and create community awareness of Iosco County as an all-seasons sportsman and recreation destination. Iosco County offers many kinds of recreation from many different public entities. Currently, information about some of those facilities is available (MDNR website, Forest Service, Chambers of Commerce, County website, etc.), but there is no single comprehensive central location for all of it. Input from the community indicated that there is a need for general information in one place about all that is available in terms of recreation within the County. As a tourism draw, the public needs to be informed of recreational activities that are available across the differing seasons. Objective: Update the County website with informational brochures and other communication pieces to inform residents and visitors of available public recreational opportunities in the County. Continue partnership with NEMCOG on future updates to regarding mapping. Objective: Continue to work cooperatively with the U.S. Forest Service and volunteer groups to provide groomed and maintained snowmobile trails. Objective: Explore options for adding new winter and summer recreational opportunities or expanding/improving existing facilities. Page 5-2 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Objective: Partner with the local school systems to provide educational programs during the winter and summer months. Goal 3: Assist with trail development and maintenance. The development and use of recreational multi-use paths are growing across the United States. Hiking is already a very popular pastime in Iosco County. Other recreational opportunities that have become popularized in the County include bird watching, biking, ORV trails, horseback riding, and paved and unpaved bicycle trails. Regional path planning efforts began in 2001 with the development of the River-to-River MultiUse Trail Plan. This plan explored the feasibility of a pathway that followed US-23 from the Au Gres River in Au Gres, which is located in Arenac County, to the AuSable River in Oscoda. Those efforts were expanded in 2003 with the development of the six-county US-23 Sunrise Side Coastal Highway Plan (sometimes known as the Heritage Route Committee Plan). Beyond the Sunrise Side Coastal Highway Heritage Route, further development and maintenance of the IET and Iron Belle Trail have occurred to connect various areas of the County and general connectivity throughout the state. Objective: Improve access points and amenities on the existing trails. Objective: Upgrade and add amenities to existing trails to make them more user-friendly for all ages and abilities. Objective: Support the Iosco Exploration Trail Committee to address non-motorized transportation issues that are specific to the broader population of Iosco County. Objective: Work with IET in the development and maintenance of quality recreational multi-use non-motorized paths through the County using grant match funding and millage funding. Objective: Continue to monitor ORV trails for maintenance and to use trails for educational events partnered with the local school districts. Goal 4: Continue to preserve, protect, and enhance the variety of water and natural forest resources in Iosco County and the recreational opportunities that they provide. The Au Sable River, numerous inland lakes, and Lake Huron are huge recreational assets within Iosco County. Objective: Add shore fishing access within Iosco County. Objective: Inventory of the types of water access within the County to identify the type and location of additional access that may be needed. Objective: Improve signage and identification for existing water access points. Objective: Offer support for efforts to improve Lake Huron beach water quality. Page 5-3 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Goal 5: Develop and effectively communicate the process and procedures for obtaining grant and millage funding for parks and recreation opportunities and maintenance. The voters of Iosco County passed a county-wide millage in 2016 enabling the collection of funding for parks and recreation construction and maintenance. In 2022, the Parks Commission decided not to continue the millage until the approximate $1.3 million were allocated to projects. Objective: Monitor and simplify the application and review process for receiving millage or grant funding for park and recreation opportunities. Objective: Create a volunteer-based network for maintenance of existing and proposed County owned and non-County owned parks and trails. Page 5-4 �Iosco County Chapter 6 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Action Programs Potential Projects for the Next Five Years With goals and objectives in place, Iosco County was able to develop an Action Program to work toward accomplishing the goals and objectives. The Action Program details the direction the community wishes to take over the next five years in order to maintain and improve the quality and diversity of area park and recreation opportunities. Projects were assigned a priority of short-term or longer term. Each action item relates to one or more of the numbered goals from Chapter 5. Potential capital improvements described in this Plan have been established not only to provide a framework for decision makers, but also to enable the County to apply for grant funding for these proposed projects. The project list in not a fixed element and is neither all-inclusive nor exclusive. The schedule reflects the results of the input received from the stakeholder meeting, County Staff, and Commission members. Future circumstances, especially availability of funding, may change priorities or require reprioritization of items. Before proceeding with any potential project, the County will require further study including conceptual plans, community input, operation and maintenance plans, etc. The Action Plan is shown in Figure 4. Recent Improvements Projects with obtained Grant or Millage Funding Van Ettan Creek Park Work-in Progress Projects Oscoda Pocket Park AuSable Township Bike Path Iosco Exploration Trail (Phase 4) Completed Action Items from Previous Plans The following list are Action Items itemized in the previous plan that have been completed. 1. Improved access to boat launch at Tawas Bay with priority access for ice fishing in Baldwin Township near Tawas Point. 2. Widen the shoulder for the safety trail in Plainfield Township. Page 6-1 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan 3. Maintenance of Groomer Barn in Oscoda Township. 4. Create a procedural guideline and checklist for applicants wanting to receive millage or grant funding for parks and recreation opportunities to clarify and simply the application and review process. Funding Potential Improvements Funding for parks and recreation capital improvements can come from a myriad of local, State, and Federal programs. Grant funding is available for parks and recreation projects. However, applicants need to target potential funding agencies and programs very carefully to meet the specific criteria required. Appendix C contains a current listing of programs and agencies that can provide funding for parks and recreation projects. Figure 4 Iosco County Recreation Plan Action Items Priority Relates to Goal # Add restrooms along the various trails within the County ST 4 Develop an inventory of the types of water access within the County to identify the type and location of additional access that may be needed ST 5 Create a checklist to score requesting millage or grant match funding based on set criteria by the Parks Commission ST 6 Update the existing marketing plan for County recreational facilities, including brochures, maps, and a website ST 2 Create a County calendar with on-going events occurring in the County as well as municipalities located in the County to advertise and strengthen communication ST 2 Make available ORV, snowmobiling, biking, hiking, and birdwatching trail maps on the County website as well as physical copies at the County Building ST 2 Add the ORV, birdwatching, snowmobiling, biking, and hiking to the Iosco County FetchGIS system ST 2 Develop a canoe access point at Van Ettan Creek Park LT 5 Add hiking and biking trails to create a river loop LT 4 Maintain and upkeep ORV trails LT 4 Provide access to amenities and towns via new trail extensions LT 4 Actively apply for MDNR grants and funding opportunities for ORV trails LT 4 Project ST – Short Term, LT – Long Term Page 6-2 �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendix A Maps – Current Iosco County Trail Map Appendices - 1 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 2 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 3 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 4 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 5 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 6 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 7 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 8 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Tuttle Marsh Wildlife area is a 5,000-acre wetland complex managed by the Huron-Manistee National Forests. Various habitat improvement projects have been completed through cost sharing with Ducks Unlimited, the Michigan Wildlife Habitat Foundation, and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. This healthy wetland supports several species of waterfowl, songbirds, insects and small mammals. TuWl e Noa h Migratory birds, reptiles, insects and other animals converge on these wetlands to use them as nurseries and safe havens until their young are ready to venture out on their own. LOCATION Tuttle Marsh is located in Iosco County, Michigan. The nearest communities are Oscoda, about 5 miles northeast and Tawas, about 7 miles south. ACCESS From Oscoda, take Old US-23 about 5 miles west to Tuttle Marsh Road, turn left into the entrance road. From Tawas, travel north on Wilber Road to Sherman Rd. Turn right on May Rd, right on Brooks Rd., left on Swan Rd., left on Davison and follow to Tuttle Marsh Rd. FACILITIES AVAILABLE Great Blue Heron Rookery Excellent Bird Watching Opportunities Unique Plant Communities Parking Areas FEES For the latest information regarding fees and condition of facility, contact the Ranger stain at Huron Shores. SEASON Prime wildlife and bird watching opportunities abound in the late spring until fall. The winter months offer wonderful opportunities to identify animal tracks in the snow. Dawn and dusk provide many sights and sounds. CONSIDERATIONS Care should be taken to keep the area clean and in the condition it was found, so visitors are asked to please pack out what they pack in. Hunting during established Michigan seasons is permitted in Tuttle Marsh. Canoeing is allowed in the marsh waters. Be careful not to damage the fragile banks during canoe put-in and take-out. The area is not always plowed. During spring and winter, the gravel road may be impassable. “USDA Forest Service is an equal opportunity provider and employer.” This information is available in large print upon request. 02/01/02 Iosco County Parks and Recreation Plan 2010-2022 Appendices - 9 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 10 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 11 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendix B Public Input Documentation Stakeholder meeting questions At the August 11th stakeholder meeting, there were a couple questions asked to stakeholders to help guide conversations related to County communication with other local municipalities and to generate ideas on how to spend the accumulated $1.3 million County millage. Stakeholders were asked the following questions: 1. In your opinion, what are gaps of service the County can support or provide at a regional level? 2. What are strengths in service the County can support or provide at a regional level? 3. The County has decided not to continue pursuing the County parks millage and there is approximately $1.3 million available for park development. Are there specific projects that should be supported? 4. Should the County millage be used to support a small number of large regional projects or a diverse number of smaller projects? 5. What are key aspects of the grant process that will help promote and distribute the County millage funds? 6. Should a minimum match of the County millage be required? 7. Should the County millage be directed at development only or can they be used to support maintenance or other non-profit service that is recreation related? 8. Any additional thoughts/comments/concerns you would like us to be aware of? Appendices - 12 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan IOSCO COUNTY PARKS AND RECREATION WANTS TO HEAR FROM YOU! PUBLIC INPUT 5 YEAR PARK PLAN WE NEED YOUR IDEAS August 11, 2022, County Building 422 W. Lake Street Tawas City Iosco County Parks and Recreation is seeking to clarify its role providing quality of life opportunities in our region among many other recreation providers. We want to maximize our resources and make sure that our priorities balance good stewardship and a reflection of your interests and your values. MAKE AN IMPACT ON YOUR COMMUNITY MAKE AN IM PACT ON YOU MAKE AN IMPACT ON YOUR CO MMUN IT YR COMMUNIT Y We want your input as part of updating our 5 Year Recreation Plan that is currently being drafted. ANY QUESTIONS? CONTACT Please join us as a stakeholder, a single person speaking on behalf of your organization. We have identified a cross-range of groups from around the county. Note the separate list provided. Jamie Carruthers-Soboleski, CPA, MBA Iosco County Controller/Finance Director (989) 362-4212 Please RSVP to kmurphy@ioscocounty.org (989) 362-4212 Appendices - 13 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Stakeholder Meeting August 11, 2022 Hosted by: Iosco County Parks and Recreation Assisted by ROWE Professional Services Company Welcome! Thank you for your participation. We would like your ideas and suggestions for the future of our parks. We are currently updating our 5 Year Recreation Plan (required for various grant funding opportunities). Your input will be used to establish goals and priorities within the plan. Items for your consideration: • Recent / on-going projects o The county is pursuing development of improved water / fishing access at AuSable River Park (see site plan exhibit). o The county continues to support the maintenance of off-road vehicle trails and snowmobile trails through local partnerships. o The county has contributed funds for the development of the Iosco Exploration Trail. • County Recreation Focus o There are many private and public recreation providers throughout the county developing non-motorized trails, active recreation programs, river and lake access, camping, forest access, etc. that are not directly supported by Iosco County. In your recommendations consider what “gaps of service’ the county can support or provide at a regional level and avoid being redundant. • County Park Millage o The county has decided not to pursue renewal of the county parks millage. At the end of 2022 there is expected to be approximately $1.3 M available for park development o Are there specific projects that should be supported? o Is it better to support a smaller number of large regional projects or a diverse number of smaller projects? (minimum or maximum amount for grants?) o What are key aspects of the grant process that will help promote, evaluate/select, and distribute these funds? o Should a minimum match be required? o Reimbursable (for a given amount of grant)? Cash for smaller grants (amount _____)? Appendices - 14 - �Iosco County o • 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Should these funds be directed at development only or can they be used to support maintenance or other non-profit service that is recreation related (county was going to check with attorney on this)? Miscellaneous Any additional thoughts for how we can work together and partner to get things done? Stakeholder Group Name Comments There will be opportunity for future input including a 30-day review of the draft plan and public hearing at the end of the process; both will be advertised. Thanks again for your input! Appendices - 15 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Iosco County Stakeholder Meeting Sign In Sheet Name: Email Address: zoo cc-17v Appendices - 16 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Iosco Recreation Plan Stakeholder Meeting Notes 8-11-22 • • • • Received notes submitted by Jason Ogden the Editor of the Oscoda Press, Baldwin Township Supervisor Christopher Martin, and notes from the County Clerk Nancy Huebel. See Additional Public Comments Received located in Appendix B. Meeting 2-4 pm o Fred – Plainfield Township/IET Board o Mike – Oscoda KOA/Director of Emergency Services o Samantha – Chamber of Commerce o Stephanie – Township Zoning Administrator o Eric – Au Sable Township Zoning Administrator o Jane – Parks and Rec Board o Jamie – County Controller o Sharen – Soil Conservation District o Jim – Parks and Rec Board/ Farm Bureau Emphasis on o Tourism driving need for pathways ▪ Biking ▪ Hiking ▪ ORV ▪ Bird watching o Conservation and improvement of what is already there before spend millage on new parks o COMMUNICATION Strengths already there to capture in plan o Iosco Conservation ▪ 80 acres ▪ Angels Forest ▪ To remain undeveloped ▪ Hunting groups events/ mushroom events – educational ▪ Forestry ▪ 2 headwaters ▪ 2 miles of non-motorized trails ▪ Close to town ▪ No groomed trails o Alabaster Township Bike Path ▪ 7 miles of existing path ▪ Dyer Road to Townline Road ▪ $1.7 million DNR grant to Alabaster Parks and Rec o Coastal Preserve o Wildcat Trail ▪ Redevelopment draft ▪ Federal Forest ▪ DNO insurance ▪ Stacked loop trail ▪ Abandoned horse trails Appendices - 17 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan ▪ o o • • • • $80,000 grant to design • Use rest for grooming equipment ▪ Jeremy – trail designer ▪ Forest service land Iosco Biking Trails ▪ Subset of IET IET Phase 4 Approval ▪ IET wants path around county • Originally supposed to be 64 miles o Issues with funding • IET connection to Alabaster – grant funded ▪ Stalled for redoing sewer and grading $2.5 million • Plans have to be redrawn from changes to existing environment due to redoing sewer and grading o Grant will not cover redesign GAP o Housing of equipment and generally obtaining equipment ▪ Housing already in place ▪ IET need equipment • Dual utilization of equipment? Meeting 5-7 Schools and county fair represented o Jeremy – Park Board o Jerry – Park Board Chairman o Jim o Scott – School o Cheryl – Park o Don – Park o Jo – Superintendent Key take aways o Using millage to fund educational opportunities for children and families within the community ▪ Recreation for after school and summer time programs ▪ Winter programs? o Calendar of events Continue to monitor ORV trails/maintenance/education and keep up with DNR grants Plan for redevelopment and grants for maintenance (tractors, other equipment) - Goals could be criterial of evaluating potential projects for the millage o You meet criteria one, example: regional use you get a higher match percentage? Appendices - 18 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Comments made on white board exercise from both groups: Question 1: In your opinion what are some gaps of service the county can support or provide at a regional level? Gaps Communication - Formalized letter/social media responses/ media coverage - Website funded thru ARPA - Utilizing open houses, annual events, school events and signage for social media and mass information push outs Maintenance - Staffing maintenance and retention - Community service hours partner with schools - Whittemore: concrete breaking in tennis courts and loss of organized recreation teams (ball teams) - Storage of equipment for IET/Wildcat Trail - Playscapes and hardscapes - Removal of invasive species - Improved ADA accessibility - Burnout of events/programs/volunteers Winter activities - For children - On the west side of the County - Need additional ice rinks - Addition of man-made sledding hills Education gaps - Safety - What groups and activities there are in the County and each municipality - Invasive species - Mobile resource centers? Strengths “Build it and they will come” Technical assistance - To township parks Summer activities - Educational programs - Availability of parks and playscapes - Summer held events - Fairgrounds Education strengths - MSU Extension programs in summer - 4H programs in Whittemore - ORV safety training thru DNR– Iris System - Iosco County Conservation District COVID - Stalling timelines and availability of materials for projects PFAs - Bennett Park - Van Etten Park Appendices - 19 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Question 2: The County has decided not to continue pursuing the County Parks Millage and there is approximately $1.3 million available for park development. Are there specific projects that should be supported? • • • • • AuSable Township bike path Educational mobile units for exposure to families and school-aged children Increase accessibility for both physical and mental disabilities KOA maintenance and additional biking/hiking/bird/ORV trails and additional benches Fairground – ropes course and additional hardscapes Other comments related to question 2 included the process for applying for County millage funding as well as creating a criteria-based scoring system for each project in order to determine how much funding each project will receive from the County. Question 3: Should the County millage be used to support a smaller number of large regional projects or a diverse number of smaller projects? • • • Expansion of smaller parks $5,000 match for playscapes and hardscapes Increase to $5,000 match Question 4: What are key aspects of the grant process that will help promote and distribute the County millage funds? • Clear communication o Criteria-based system, clear process, available per year o Sliding scale for percentage matches (smaller projects receive a larger percentage of millage funding based on criteria whereas bigger projects receive a smaller percentage of millage funding based on criteria). Question 5: Should a minimum match of the County millage be required? • • • 50% below $10,000 25% anything over $10,000 Depends on project, possible criteria: o Impact on community o Local vs regional o Tourism vs current residents Question 6: Any additional thoughts/comments/concerns you would like us to be aware of? • • • Map access – online format and physical copies Access to online Iosco County FetchGIS system Calendar of events to aid communication for the region Appendices - 20 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Additional Public Comments Received From: Sent: To: Subject: Nancy Huebel Monday, August 8, 2022 3:31 PM Jamie Carruthers-Soboleski; Kathleen Murphy Parks & Rec Ideas Importance: High th I won't be here on the 11 . I'm off camping Anyway, here are some of my ideas. However, I'm a bit worried about what they can actually do since we don't have a Parks and Recreation workforce. Anyway, here they are: Splash Parks on the west side of the county (Whittemore and Hale area) Especially Whittemore.....there are no lakes. Skate Park More ORV/side by side trails/widen them as well Dog Park Beach Waterpark with water slides/water obstacle course etc. Boat Race Sponsorship —the speed boat races that were in Tawas. Only held once because sponsorship is so expensive. Metal Art Park The 13-acre parcel that was donated to the county: Dog park Bird watching park with raised walking trails Metal Art Park I hope you get some good ideas! Nancy J. Huebel Iosco County Clerk 422 W Lake Street P.O. Box 838 Tawas City, Michigan 48764 (989) 362-3497 (989) 984-1012 Fax www.iosco.net Office Hours: Monday thru Friday 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. CLOSED FOR LUNCH FROM 12:30 P.M. TO 1:30P.M. Appendices - 21 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan DISCLAIMER: This e-mail, including attachments, may include confidential and/or proprietary information, and may be used only by the person or entity to which it is addressed. If the reader of this email is not the intended recipient or his or her authorized agent, the reader is hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this e-mail is prohibited. If you have received this e-mail in error, please notify the sender by replying to this message and delete this e-mail immediately. Appendices - 22 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan RE: 5 year Recreation Plan Supervisor@baldwintwp-mi.org <Supervisor@baldwintwp-mi.org> Tue 8/9/2022 1:43 PM To: Kathleen Murphy <kmurphy@ioscocounty.org> I'm having a hard time finding information online about Iosco County Parks and Recreation. Is there a current digital copy of the master plan available? Baldwin Township general suggestions: -Improve Community/ Online Presence -Improve Grant Application Process -Educate communities on what the Iosco County Parks and Recreation 5-year plan is and how if effects them -Educate communities on how to apply and what the grant is for -Reconsider a max award of $5,000.00 due to the increased cost of maintaining and improving assets -Promote "spur off" bike paths from the Iron Belle Trail, for Baldwin Township we would like to improve our bike path on Tawas Beach Road and extend it to the State Park. I will see if someone can attend as well. Thanks, Christopher Martin, Supervisor Baldwin Township 1119 Monument Rd, Tawas City, Mi, 48763 (989)362-8709 Appendices - 23 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan From: Kathleen Murphy Sent: Tuesday, August 9, 2022 12:01 PM To: Supervisor@baldwintwp-mi.org Cc: Jamie Carruthers-Soboleski Subject: Re: 5 year Recreation Plan Hello Christopher, Thank you for taking the time to let us know that you will not be able to attend the meeting from 2-4pm. We would still like Baldwin Townships insight on the Parks and Recreation Master Plan. Would someone from the board be able to attend either the 2-4pm or 5-7pm meetings? Thank you, Kathleen Murphy, Secretary Iosco County Board of Commissioners P.O. Box 778 Tawas City, M/ 48764 (989) 362-4212 Appendices - 24 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan losco County News Press Publishing Company Iosco County News Herald 110 W State St, P.O. Box 72 East Tawas, Michigan 48730 (989) 362-3456 Fax (989)3626601 Oscoda Press 311 State St., P.O. Box 663 Oscoda, Michigan 48750 (989) 739-2054 Fax (989)739-3201 August 10, 2022 Jamie Soboleski losco County Controller, Financial Director C/O losco County Parks and Recreation Board Iosco County Courthouse 422 W l,ake St Tawas City Ml 48763 To Mrs. Soboleski and members of the Parks and Rec Board, First off, thank you so much for considering me to be included in your stakeholder meeting. I truly appreciate it as editor of the Oscoda Press. I am unfortunately unable to attend the meeting personally as my schedule today does not allow me time to be in Tawas City. I felt compelled, however, to include my thoughts and ideas on paper to assist the board in their objective. I hope this letter will suffice in their efforts to gauge stakeholder options and ideas. On a macro scale, I believe that parks and rec should simply begin utilizing the millage funding they gathered over the last five years on projects in general. From a reporting standpoint of the county, I have not seen many projects save the recently approved AuSable River project in AuSable Township – since the passage of the millage. I know that the funding has to be used to maintain current Iosco County parks and recreational opportunities but opening ip new areas with the funding is very welcome as well. According to the original millage rate, approved in 2018, there should be around $1 million from the collections that end this year. That is a lot of funding for the county to be sitting on with spending it from a special millage. That is my opinion as a stakeholder and as a taxpayer. I think it would be great to expend some of those funds on the Van Etten Creek property acquired by the county located in Oscoda, that was slated to be developed into a park from its current “rustic area” feel. I am not sure what plans were in store for that area, but development is sorely needed. The river in the area is a very popular fishing location. I believe that the river access – which is a tributary of the AuSable River, with its branch joining up in downtown Oscoda – should be developed into more of alternative for canoe enthusiasts for those looking for an alternative to the AuSable River. The county-owned access by Van Etten Dam is really the only public access to the creek to speak of in Oscoda. It is under developed with a very bad parking area and is not handicapped accessible. Further, there are no facilities, such as outhouses, trash receptacles or picnic tables, for the use by the public. During the spring the Michigan Canoe Racing Association holds its annual Klondike Canoe Challenge, and from the spectator angle, it is the only area one can view the race without trespassing on private property. Further development would go toward supporting canoeing as a local sport and recreational opportunity. Appendices - 25 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan I believe development of this area, which is truly a diamond in the rough, would be a great asset to not just Oscoda residents, but the entire county as well as visitors into the area. Although it is technically already a county “park”, it is not very welcoming to the average park visitor, in my opinion, and more suited for those willing to get their feet muddy and skin scratched up going through the brush to try to catch steelhead. It can be a great fishing spot, as well as a great park. Thank you for your consideration. Appendices - 26 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendix C Potential Funding Sources for Parks and Recreation Projects Funding General Fund Continue to allow for re-investment in facilities to avoid future increased maintenance costs and ensure revenue streams when possible. User Fee Continue to charge reasonable fees to participants of recreation programs and key facilities. Evaluate the fees annually to ensure they are providing the appropriate amount of funding to allow the programs to continue. Special Millage A property tax millage can be used to finance specific park and recreation projects such as parkland improvements and facility upgrades. A millage is an effective method to divide costs over time among all the taxpayers in the community to provide matching grant funds or finance projects out-right. A millage allows more flexibility in how the money is used than a bond. Although the current millage was not identified to be continued, a future millage could be considered once current funds have been distributed effectively. Bonds Several bond programs can be used to finance construction of parks and recreation facilities. General Obligation Bonds are issued for specific community projects and may not be used for other purposes. These bonds are usually paid for with property tax revenues. Revenue bonds are issued for construction of public projects that generate revenues. The bonds are then retired using income generated by the project. Michigan Department of Transportation The Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) provides funding for numerous types of projects that support the enhancement of transportation facilities and promote safe and efficient multi-modal transportation methods. This is a reimbursement program that originally comes from the federal level and is administered by Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). A minimum of 20% local match is required for proposed projects. Michigan Department of Natural Resources Grants Michigan Department of Natural Resources Spark Grant is a $65 million grant program to help local communities that want to create, renovate or redevelop public outdoor opportunities for residents and visitors—especially those whose economic opportunities and health were hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Applicants must be local units of government or public authorities legally established to provide public recreation. Applicants may include a regional or statewide organization or consortium of local units of government or public authorities legally Appendices - 27 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan established to provide public recreation. An eligible financial match is encouraged but not required. A community planning process is encouraged but not required. Application are expected to be opened for a 6-week period for grants ranging from a minimum of $100,000 to a maximum of $1 million – and will be distributed in three rounds: Round one: $15 million by the end of 2022. Round two: $25 million in spring 2023. Round three: $25 million in summer 2023. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources Trust Fund (MNRTF) Grant provides funding assistance for state and local outdoor recreation needs, including land acquisition and development of recreation facilities. This assistance is directed at creating and improving outdoor recreational opportunities and providing protection to valuable natural resources. These are grants between $15,000 and $300,000 with a required minimum local match of 25 percent. Final engineering and construction services are covered at a maximum of 15%. The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) provide grants to local units of government to acquire and develop land for outdoor recreation. At least 50 percent match on either acquisition or development projects is required from local government applicants. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) makes recommendations to the National Park Service (NPS), which grants final approval. The Michigan Recreation Passport Grant program is funded by sales of ‘passport’ opt in participation for those wishing to access or support Michigan parks as part of their license renewal. Eligible projects are targeted for renovation and improvement to existing parks. Grants range from $7,500 to $150,000 with a minimum 25% local match, with the anticipation that the maximum grant amount will increase as revenue from sales of the Recreation Passport also increases. The Michigan Invasive Species Grant Program is funding that deals with the issues of prevention, detection, eradication and control for both terrestrial and aquatic invasive species in Michigan. The scope of the grant must prevent new invasive species from being introduced, strengthen state-wide invasive species early detection and response network, limit the dispersal of recently confirmed invasive species and manage and control widespread, long-established invasive species. These grants are between $25,000, with a maximum grant amount between $60,000 and $400,000. Clean Vessel Act – Boat Pumpout Grants are available for funding upgrades to marine sewage disposal facilities or new pumpouts and dump stations. These grants are available to public and private facilities; pending that they are open to the public. Funding that is made available for this grant are approximately $200,000. Appendices - 28 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Waterways Program Grant is available for communities to provide both financial and technical assistance for design and construction of public recreational boating facilities (including statesponsored harbors and mooring facilities). Information that is collected deals with traffic for the harbor and the last three financial summaries for the harbor. The amount depends on the base amount for the project; the grant normally provides 50% of the estimated project cost. Boating Infrastructure Grant is also offered from the MDNR providing federal assistance for the design and construction of public recreational harbor facilities. Grant funds are used to cover 75% of the total approved project costs for construction of infrastructure improvements. State Water Trail Designation Program is a new program that is under the direction of the MDNR that will classify certain water trails in communities as state water trails. Partnering groups and organizations would be vital in supporting the community in pursing the grant. Funding sources are still being reviewed and analyzed; but funding is expected to be finalized in 2019. Other DNR grants include specialized opportunities such as the Urban and Community Forestry (UCF) program, funded through the USDA Forest Service’s State and Private Forestry program and the Water Trail Designation Program. Local units of government, nonprofit organizations and schools are eligible to apply. Projects include street and park tree management and planning activities; urban forestry training and education events; tree plantings; and Arbor Day celebrations. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) Grants: Funding sources in the MDEQ are available through the Clean Michigan Initiative (CMI) program. Funding is used to secure and provide protection for water and coastline areas to prevent contamination and erosion control. Some of the grants available include the Waterfront Redevelopment Grant, which deals with increasing public access to the waterfront and supporting economic development in areas. Another grant through the MDEQ are Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP) Grant which deals with coastal areas, protecting rare and threatened species and natural communities. Maximum grants are capped at $1,500,000 with no minimum grant requirement. The Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Grant is available to those communities with direct Great Lakes access. The total grant funds available are not to exceed $100,000, with an equal match from the community. Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) Projects eligible for CDBG funding must be in a low-moderate income service area and/or provide access to the disabled to qualify. Investments using CDBG funds must provide a documented benefit to low-moderate income households. Projects eligible for funding include public infrastructure improvements and those that provide ADA accessibility. Appendices - 29 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan MEDC Patronicity Crowd Funding The Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) has developed an additional way of securing funding for community development projects by using crowdfunding to support developments. Communities, non-profits, and municipalities can submit projects by applying to the Patronicity campaign. The projects that meet the programs parameters and successfully crowd-fund their goal will receive a matching grant from the MEDC of up to $50,000. Donations Businesses, corporations, private clubs, community organizations and individuals will often contribute to recreation and other improvement programs to benefit the communities in which they are located. Private sector contributions may be in the form of monetary contributions, the donation of land, the provision of volunteer services or the contribution of equipment or facilities. Michigan Natural Resources Tree Planting Grants Through the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, there are three tree planting, grant programs that will assist in funding landscape enhancements at the park and reforesting projects. Applicants must provide at least 50% of the total project cost. Conservation Easements A conservation easement is a method of preserving open space that is guaranteed through formal documentation. Rather than obtaining fee simple or complete ownership, an organization or community can purchase or acquire by gift an 'easement' to the property. Public-Private or Public-Public Partnerships Reduced funding at the public and private sector has created a need for various partnerships between public and private entities, as well as between two or more public entities to accommodate specialized large-scale recreation demands. Foundations A foundation is a special non-profit legal entity established as a mechanism through which land, cash and securities can be donated for the benefit of parks and recreation services. The assets are disbursed by the foundation Board of Directors according to a predetermined plan. These grant funding opportunities can be accessed through the Michigan Foundation Directory. Appendices - 30 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendix D Community Grant Application The Iosco County Community Grant Program was established by the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission to assist local units of government and other organizations eligible by State Statue in improving their community parks and recreation opportunities. Grants will be awarded by the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission throughout the year. The maximum grant award shall be $25,000.00 per year per organization based upon a rolling calendar year. All work must be completed, and invoices submitted, and the project inspected before funds will be disbursed. A project budget must be submitted including detailed cost of the project and all sources of funds to be used to fund the project. Please also include the estimated amount of any in-kind services provided by your organization such as labor, equipment use, etc. Questions regarding the grant application can be directed to the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission at (989) 362-4212. • Date of Application • • • • • • Name of Governmental Unit/Eligible Organization Address Contact Person Contact Person's Telephone Number Location/Address of Proposed Project Purpose Of Proposed Funding requested (Use additional pages if necessary to explain the purpose of this project' • • Timeline for Completion of the Project Please provide a drawing of the project site and/or other substantiating documentation relating to this project. (Use additional pages as necessary) Are Permits Required for this Project? Yes No If yes please provide information regarding these permits (DNR, EGLE, USES, County Zoning, etc.) along with the current status of those permit requests. Please provide any additional information that may be helpful in support of this project. • • Appendices - 31 - �Iosco County Appendix E 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan 2022 and 2023 Budgets Appendices - 32 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 33 - �Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendices - 34 - �Iosco County Appendix F 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Copy of Public Notice Appendices - 35 - ���Iosco County 2023-2027 Parks and Recreation Plan Appendix G Adoption Documentation Appendices - 36 - ���February 15, 2023 THIS BEING THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE IOSCO COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS ON February 15, 2023 PURSUANT TO SCHEDULE. PARTICIPATION VIA ZOOM AND IN PERSON. _____________________________________________________________________________________ This being the regular session, the meeting was called to order at 9:30 a.m. by Chairman O’Farrell. Commissioners Present in person: Robert W. Huebel, III (District 1), Terry Dutcher (District 2), Charles Finley (District 3), Brian Loeffler (District 4), Jay O’Farrell (District 5) Commissioners Absent: None. CALL TO ORDER/ROLLCALL/PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE ADOPTION OF AGENDA Dutcher motions and Loeffler seconds. All ayes. Motion carried. APPROVAL OF BOARD MINUTES – February 1, 2023 Dutcher motions and Loeffler seconds. All ayes. Motion carried. APPROVAL OF COMMITTEE MINUTES – February 1, 2023 Dutcher motions and Finley seconds. All ayes. Motion carried. PUBLIC COMMENTS None. UNFINISHED BUSINESS None. NEW BUSINESS Gloria Brooks, Develop Iosco President – Develop Iosco Annual Report Information Only Public Hearing – Adoption of the 5-Year Master Recreation Plan 2023-022 �Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None Jamie Carruthers-Soboleski, County Controller/Finance Director – 125th Anniversary of the Michigan Association of Counties 2023-023 Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None Jamie Carruthers-Soboleski, County Controller/Finance Director – Appointment of Roger Houthoofd to the Economic Development Commission 2023-024 Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None Jamie Carruthers-Soboleski, County Controller/Finance Director – Accept the Bid for the Annex Roof Project 2023-025 Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None Nancy Huebel, County Clerk – Establishing Authorized Signatories for MERS Contacts and Service Credit Purchase Approvals 2023-026a Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None Nancy Huebel, County Clerk – MERS Participation Agreement 2023-026b Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None COMMITTEE REPORTS Scott Frank, Iosco County Sheriff – Purchase a 2023 Chevrolet Tahoe 2023-027 Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None Approve the Salaries and Per Diems for the Month of February 2023 2023-028 Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None Approve the Statutory Finance Committee Minutes of February 1, 2023 as presented 2023-029 �Carried on the following roll call: Ayes: Huebel, Dutcher, Finley, Loeffler, and O’Farrell. Nays: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. Vacant: None Finley – 911 Meeting Huebel – Cedar Lake Improvement Board with comments from Carruthers-Soboleski. Dutcher – NEMCOG Meeting. Loeffler – ITC Meeting. EDC Meeting. MISCELLANEOUS Finley – Commissioners for Compression at the Eagle’s in Hale on 2/18/2023 from 9 am to 5 pm. Camp 911 at Goodar Township is on July 8, 2023. 911 Board Meeting – Signs for the Community to learn hands on CPR. Huebel – Metal Detector – Shooting at MSU. Doesn’t bother him to go through the metal detector here. PUBLIC COMMENT None. COMMUNICATIONS Dutcher – Cathy Wusterbarth – Will be addressed in the Committee of the Whole. It is regarding PFAS. ADJOURNMENT The business for the day having been addressed, meeting adjourned at 10:52 a.m. until 9:30 a.m. March 1, 2023. Motioned by Dutcher and seconded by Finley. All ayes. Motion carried. Nancy Huebel County Clerk Donald J. O’Farrell Chairman ����������LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO: Attn: Iosco County Planning Commission PO Box 778 Tawas City, MI 48764 Clerk cc: DATE: JOB NO.: 4-6-23 22c0147 RE: 5 Year Rec Plan Shipped via: By 10:30am next business day By end of next business day Standard delivery If shipping via UPS please (989) 362-4212 provide Recipient's Phone No. WE ARE SENDING YOU: Attached Under separate cover via COPIES DATE 1 April 2023 NO DESCRIPTION Iosco County 5 Year Recreation Plan THESE ARE TRANSMITTED: For your use As requested Other: REMARKS: Note the attached copy of the County's 5 Year Recreation Plan for your records Signed: _______________________________ Doug Schultz, Sr Project Manager This communication contains privileged or confidential information intended exclusively for the use of the Person(s) or Entity named above. If the reader of this cover page is not the intended Recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please telephone (collect) the Sender immediately. Thank you very much. �LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO: Attn: East Michigan Council of Govmt 3144 Davenport Ave Suite 200 Saginaw MI 48602 Clerk DATE: 4-6-23 JOB NO.: 22c0147 RE: 5 Year Rec Plan Shipped via: By 10:30am next business day By end of next business day Standard delivery If shipping via UPS please provide Recipient's Phone No. cc: WE ARE SENDING YOU: Attached Under separate cover via COPIES DATE 1 April 2023 NO DESCRIPTION Iosco County 5 Year Recreation Plan THESE ARE TRANSMITTED: For your use As requested Other: REMARKS: Note the attached copy of the County's 5 Year Recreation Plan for your records Signed: _______________________________ Doug Schultz, Sr Project Manager This communication contains privileged or confidential information intended exclusively for the use of the Person(s) or Entity named above. If the reader of this cover page is not the intended Recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please telephone (collect) the Sender immediately. Thank you very much. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. 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Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Iosco-County_Parks-and-Recreation-Plan_2023 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission, Iosco County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-02-15 Title A name given to the resource Iosco County Five Year Parks & Recreation Plan Description An account of the resource The Iosco County Five Year Parks & Recreation Plan was prepared by the Iosco County Parks and Recreation Commission and was approved by the Board of Commissioners on February 15, 2023. Subject The topic of the resource Recreation--planning Iosco County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4261c43fc4cfdde943fc51c943939c6a.mp4 65a14a1e93a25d1c195b7c0c092a61e9 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/47edc50b31794ea1ab13157e2c5fb60e.pdf 70f9c411d28a0297f683dfe8ffec5901 PDF Text Text Living with PFAS Interviewee: Elaine Isley Interviewer: Prof DeVasto Date: April 9, 2021 DD: So, I’m Dani DeVasto, and today, April 9th, 2021, I have the pleasure of chatting with Elaine Isley. Uh, thank you for being here today, Elaine. EI: Sure. DD: Can you tell me about where you’re from, um, and/or where you currently live? EI: Uh, sure. Those are two different questions for me. Um. I– I’ve been in Grand Rapids for 20-plus years, but I still kind of, where I’m from. I grew up in the Washington DC area. So I’ve– I’ve, I’m not a Michigan native. Uh, I moved here to go to professional school, and I just stayed. Uh, particularly, once I moved to West Michigan. Um, I currently live in Grand Rapids Township with my family. DD: And you said you’ve been in Grand Rapids Township for the last 25 years or so? EI: I’ve been in Grand Rapids metro area for about 25 years. I’ve only been in the township for a year. DD: Okay. EI: We moved– we moved right before the pandemic started. DD: Oh my. [chuckle] EI: Yeah. [chuckle] DD: At least you were settled before the pandemic started. I can’t imagine– EI: We have a little more space in this house than we did in the last one, and we’ve been really thankful for that. DD: I bet– I bet. So, Elaine, can you tell me a story about your experience with PFAS, or with PFAS in your community? EI: Uh, sure. So, uh, the first– the personal story, which is not super exciting, uh, when we moved here uh, so Grand Rapids Township abuts Plainfield Township, and I am on the upper border. Um. I live on 4 Mile, and 4 Mile is the dividing line between Plainfield Township and Grand Rapids Township, so when we were looking at purchasing this house, the first thing we did was look for, um, PFAS drainage in the ground water and because of my work. Uh. We had 1 �a general idea of where it was, but um, that was a consideration for us when we were moving. And there is a super-fund site not far from here, so there actually were a lot of wells and there had been a lot of tests. So, we were able to find definitively that we are not in a PFAS groundwater plume. So, uh, that’s– that’s where the– the personal impact came from. It– it was certainly a consideration for me, um, in moving a little bit closer to the affected area. Um. But I am the Director of Water Programs at the West Michigan Environmental Action Council, and we have been working with the citizens group in Rockford for almost 10 years. Um. It was the– one of the first meetings that I went to when I joined WMEAC in 2012. We went to, uh, Rockford City Hall and we met with, uh, Wolverine Worldwide’s council and some representatives from the city. Now this was before PFAS had actually been identified on the site, um, and we were, uh, what was happening was the downtown tannery that, um, Wolverine had in Rockford had been torn down years before. But a small citizen’s group had raised some concerns about what had happened to those materials. How had they been removed from the site? Was permitting appropriate? Is there still a danger? And unfortunately, because Rockford is so entrenched as a company town, they– the citizens’ group kind of got a raw deal. Um. The city did not take them seriously. The local newspaper sort of painted them out as-as, just wild and crazy people. And-and so they– it became really contentious for these individuals personally. And so our organization got involved to make sure that they had a seat at the table. Um. On their own, they compiled a pretty large dossier, and they sent it to the US Environmental Protection Agency, ‘because they weren’t getting a lot of cooperation even from, um, then it was the Department of Environmental Quality, um, now it’s the Department of um, Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. So, if I go between DEQ and EAGLE, that’s why. Um. But the EPA came back and said, “Look, there’s a lot here. You should be looking at this.” So then-then the DEQ got involved, and things started to move a little bit. But there was still a lot of tension between this local citizens’ group and Wolverine and the city, and so we’ve remained involved and we’ve sort of helped them kind of work through how to raise these issues. Um. [sigh]. They didn’t need a lot of guidance. This group is very dedicated. Uh. I don’t-I don’t wanna name names because that’s not really my place, but they were affected or they had neighbors who were affected. They were worried about the air quality. There was a lot of concern– they were worried about what was getting into Rum Creek which flows right into the Rogue River, um, which ultimately flows into the Grand River and out to Lake Michigan. So this is a very interconnected system. Uh. It was a regional water quality issue. And it was during that time frame that we had, uh, started working with Dr. Rick Rediske. He is an environmental chemist at uh, Grand Valley State University at the Annis Water Resources Institute. I– he was actually one of my graduate advisors. And so I knew he had a background working with tannery contamination. He had done some work in White Lake up in Muskegon County, and there had been a tannery on the lake that had contributed to some of that pollution. There were other issues on White Lake. White Lake, um, was, uh, an area of concern, a designated area of concern in the Great Lakes, but they have been delisted. So I knew that he had that background for the tannery waste, and so they- we were finding documentation and- and sampling, um, data that showed contamination of ammonia and, um, hexavalent chromium, and there were some bad things there. Um. At some point, and I don’t recall exactly when, Rick started talking to us about PFAS, and none of us really knew what that was. To this day, I’m not sure I can give you the long chemical name of it [laughter]. [intermittent beeping] 2 �EI: So, it’s PFAS. PFAS and PFOS, PFOA. DD: [laughs] EI: It’s -it’s this horrible family of chemicals, and they’re forever chemicals. They-they can affect people in a number of different ways. Unfortunately, there isn’t a lot of data on it. Or there wasn’t at the time. But, um, Rick was- Rick was positive that we would find it in- on this site. One of its primary applications was Scotchgard. DD: Mhm. EI: And we know that Wolverine Worldwide used Scotchgard. I mean, Hushpuppies shoes. I mean, we just knew that it would be there. And, um, I think it was 2017 when we were able to get documentation. And when I say “we,” that’s the global “we.” It was really the citizens’ group. So, [laughter], um, of which Rick was a part– he became very invested in this project. And um, that sort of broke the whole thing wide open. And all of a sudden people started coming out of the woodwork, like “what is this stuff?” Uh, and then the House Street dumpsite was identified, and the woven jewel. [stutters]. It became very clear that this was a much bigger issue. And while my organization– which we go by our acronym, so WEMEAC, which is a little easier to say, um, we remained involved with the citizens group and we had a policy of-uh, on our books that we would support the citizens group and we would make this more public. We hadn’t really done a big push on that. All of a sudden with these concerns about PFAS and then it blowing up and it's coming from other parts of the state, people are seeing this as a bigger issue, we started getting a lot of questions. Um. There were people who, well-educated people, who could not find any information about what this body of chemicals was, what– where this plume was, was it affecting them? How concerned did they need to be? And it just became really clear that we would have to be much more present about, uh, getting information out there. And so, we started putting some information on our websites and Frequently Asked Questions. When uh, Rick started really pushing this issue of having a citizens group involved, um, with the cleanup because of his work in White Lake– there had been a citizens group that was sort of the liaison between the cleanup site and the local citizens, and he wanted something then put into place there. The one in White Lake, because it was an area of concern, there was a pot of money that was able to fund that. Um. We weren’t a designated area of concern. We’re still not a designated contaminant site, but right now the EPA is helping fund um, the community advisory group, or the CAG, um, through superfund. It’s not a designated superfund site and will not have um, indefinite funding. I think we have a few more months from the EPA, but the EPA helps set up the group. Um. And so we have been able to be a much better link for that information between what’s happening at the you know, at EAGLE, at EPA, at Wolverine, and the local citizens group. So that’s– so that’s really my PFAS story, is trying to elevate the issue uh, in a way that gives people the information and resources. Um, because communication has been sort of the big push there, I- I’ve taken– I’ve joined the CAG, I’m an official member, and I sort of, by default, have become the chair of the communications team. And so uh, we’re transitioning a few things, but right now I’m making sure that things are posted on the website and on our social media and we’re working with some other volunteers in the group who are trying to get um, a little bit more of a voice in the local Rockford Squire newspaper. So um, so 3 �yeah, it’s– my-my story is a bit more from the professional side of it. Uh, but it’s important because it– the people who are affected or the people who are potentially affected need more information. They need to know about the health studies that are going on. They need to know about what is happening on the cleanup. Um. They need to know what PFAS is to the extent that we’re finding out and what that effect would be for them. DD: Mhm. Is your sense that the, um, communication or the information available for people now is better? Is improved? That what is was- when you first- when people first started asking and looking for this information? EI: To some extent, yes. There are a lot more sources of information, uh, because of Rick’s work. Uh, Grand Valley State University has a lot of information. Um. The Annis Water Resources Institute has been putting up more information about that. The state has been doing a better job. They’ve created MPART, which is the PFAS uh, response team. And so there’s more information out there for people to find, but it’s still hard for people to find it. Um. I mean, that’s one of the things that my organization does. Uh. We are an action council, an environmental action council, and what that really means is we teach people how they can take action. And our organization does that in a number of different ways. Sometimes it's individual action, sometimes it’s municipal action. I mean– but in this case it’s really trying to empower people to find that information on their own. Um. Since PFAS is so complicated, we’re trying to pull as much of it together so that um, there’s a better sense of it. But I’m still- I’m finding that it’s not that easy to get information. When you listen to the– in some of our monthly meetings, you know, people will, you know, “well, where’s that information?” How do- you know, “how does my attorney find that information?” Because there’s a lawsuit now, um, against Wolverine. We’re not super engaged with that but a lot of the people who are engaged with us are engaged with that. And so there does still seem to be difficulty in finding the information, and I don’t-I don’t know– this isn’t meant to be an accusation but I don’t know if it’s because, you know, the industry is trying to be so secretive about what’s in these chemicals. You know, that’s often an issue. It’s a- It’s called “proprietary.” Um. Or if it’s just because it hasn’t been studied as widely, until recently. [stutters]. Or if it’s just because it’s one of those technical issues, that people just don’t quite know how to find– DD: Mhm. EI: – the studies or the information out there. DD: Mhm. So, that kind of might lead into the next question a little bit. Um. My- my last question for you is what concerns do you have about PFAS contamination moving forward? And if you have a totally different answer, that’s fine, too. EI: [laughter] Um. [clears throat], My– [clears throat] Excuse me. I-I- my biggest concerns about PFAS moving forward are– that’s really interesting. When we spoke with uh, Representative Peter Meijer this week, we talked a little bit about this. And one of the things that he had raised, which I thought he articulated very well, was the concern about the prevalence of the contamination. We’re seeing higher rates of-of PFAS in Michigan because Michigan’s looking for it. 4 �DD: Mhm. EI: When and if other states start looking for PFAS contamination, they’re going to find it because it’s in so many different materials. Um. We’ve been utilizing it for so long, and really just unbeknownst how– what the big problems were. Um. Or at least, unbeknownst to many of us. And Representative Meijer’s comment was when that happens, his concern is that there’s going to be this shift of “oh, well we need to take care of ‘the PFAS problem,’’’ which, at that point is gonna be somewhat global, as opposed to a site like this Wolverine tannery site where there’s an actual hardcore contamination site and people are– have extreme levels in their systems. Um, I- I forget what the numbers were– and there’s still debate about what’s a safe level in a human body, but 70 parts per billion was- was one of them. And there are people who have like twenty thousand parts per billion. I mean, it’s just– there are people who are going to have much more severe impacts than others. And if, when we start realizing how big this problem is, will we be able to really truly help the people who need it most, um, and soonest? So that’s a concern. Um. That’s a big policy issue, though. That’s not something that an individual’s gonna be able to tackle. That’s not something that even my organization will be able to do. We can advocate for that, but, it’s- I mean, that’s going to take a lot of effort and a long term solution. Um. The other things that really concern me is just making sure that the people understand and how I–you know, I wasn’t around when people were really starting to understand the impacts of DET, uh, and what that did to animals and ultimately who that affected us, so I don’t- I don’t have a memory of what– how we responded to that. But now, 50 years later, we’re seeing another legacy problem like that, and how long is it going to take before we really can do something about it? Um. You know, life is politics. It- there’s always a give and take. And you hope, you hope that when somebody raises the alarm, that people listen. But they’re– there’s just so many different obstacles and challenges when it comes to- to these complex scientific, um, issues, even when they can be disastrous for individuals. DD: Yeah. Yeah. Absolutely. Before we wrap up, is there anything else that you would like to add that we haven’t touched on today? Or anything you’d like to go back to? EI: Um, I- I guess, from my perspective, this is one of– I mean, my background is in water quality. So I- I feel really comfortable talking about things that create problems in the water. But I don’t feel comfortable about talking this– to this with people because it is so complicated and complex. And I feel like I could go back and get my whole– a PhD in this, and still not feel like I have a grasp and- and do this. But I do understand why this is a hard topic for people to find information on. Um. It’s- it’s- it’s intimidating, and so I– It’s- even for me as a professional, it’s like “ooh.” Yeah, I wanna know enough to be able to talk to people about it. But I don’t want to do what Rick does. DD: Mhm. EI: Rick is the one who helps lead our technical committee in really delving into some of the technical aspects of the remediation plans and “will,” you know, “this method of cleanup really tackles these things?” And I really appreciate having experts who can help us work through those things. Um. So when I’m- when I’m saying that I’m concerned about how people learn about 5 �this topic, I mean, there’s a lot packed into that. It- I mean, doing this oral history project is going to be really interesting, because there will be a lot of people who have some personal stories about how that’s impacted them. Um. But I think it’s really something that’s impacting more of us than we realize, and we just all don’t necessarily have the story because it’s- it’s a frightening topic. It’s a complicated topic, and people sometimes don’t want to know, they don’t wanna spend that time, because unless they’re having something that they see as an immediate impact, they’re not as concerned. DD: Mhm. EI: So, so yeah. This is- This is not a small, small issue. DD: No. it’s really complex like you’re saying. And I think made even more complex by the fact that we’re– it’s still evolving and we’re still, you know, we’re still learning new things and uncovering this and figuring out how it works, which makes it, you know– even if we knew all the things it would be hard to talk about it. EI: Yeah. DD: But we don’t know all the things. [laughter] So. EI: And it’s not that it– the information is some place. DD: Mhm EI: I mean, DuPont’s been manufacturing these chemicals for decades. It’s not a brand new thing. It’s just the awareness is brand new. Relatively. DD: Yeah. Yeah. Well, thank you so much, Elaine, for taking the time to share your story and perspective today. EI: No problem. Thanks for having me. 6 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Living with PFAS Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Devasto, Danielle Description An account of the resource Beginning in 2021, the Living with PFAS interviews were recorded to gather the personal stories of individuals impacted by PFAS contamination. PFAS, or per- and polyflourinated substances, are a large group of human-made chemicals used widely since the 1940s to make coatings and products resistant to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. They can be found in countless household items, including food packaging, non-stick cookware, stain-resistant furniture, and water-resistant clothing. These chemicals are often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily, can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, and build up in animals, plants, and people. PFAS have been linked to increased incidences of various cancers, increased cholesterol, decreased fertility, birth defects, kidney and liver disease, and immune system suppression, and thyroid dysfunction. It is estimated that PFAS are in the drinking water of more than 200 million Americans (Andrews & Naidenko, 2020). In Michigan alone, over 280 sites have PFAS contamination exceeding maximum contamination levels for groundwater (MPART, 2024). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In copyright Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-11 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Motion Picture Text Sound Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PFAS0003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Isely, Elaine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-04-08 Title A name given to the resource Elaine Isely, 2021 (Interview video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Elaine Isely is the Director of Water Programs at the West Michigan Environmental Action Council (WMEAC). She grew up in the Washington, D.C. area, but has been a resident of Grand Rapids for more than 20 years. In her interview she discusses community activism related to water contamination in the Rockford, Michigan area and the leadership of Dr. Rick Rediske, an environmental chemist at Grand Valley State University. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource DeVasto, Danielle (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/335248d595c5fa7b01c26b7cf4143b0f.pdf c514b85eb26654d26adc8acc831e3da3 PDF Text Text MASTER PLAN REVISION FOR THE CITY OF ISHPEMING May 23, 1996 Prepared by: Revised : October 23, 1996 Revised: February 5, 2003 Ishpeming Planning Commission �• • • • • • TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement of Adoption 1 Introduction 2 Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Revenue Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Public Facilities and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Economic Development 13 Cultural Development 17 Public Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 �, , , 'I I I ' II' II ' ' "II STATEMENT OF ADOPTION The Ishpeming Planning Commission has prepared and adopted the Master Plan for the City of Ishpeming. A public hearing was held on December 2, and the Master Plan was adopted on December 2, 2002. The Master Plan revision was members: Ayes: Five (5). Nays: adopted by a None (0). majority vote Absent : of the following Four (4) The Ishpeming Planning Commission on December 2, 2002, requested the Master Plan Revision be submitted to the Ishpeming City Council for endorsement. On February 5, 2003, the City Council adopted the revised Master Plan prepared by the Planning Commission. Ishpeming Planning Commission Paul Bluekamp, Chairman Kenneth Olson Raymond Roberts David Eah Seth Johnson Rosemarie Strom Michael Zamesnik Ray Doney Gary Nelson Ishpeming City Council Gary Nelson, Mayor Angelo Bosio Kurt Kipling Pat Bureau Ev elyn Valente-Heikkila I ' 2002, 1 �f INTRODUCTION This Master Plan revision is being done to replace that plan last revised in 1996. The Planning Commission, on September 30, 2002, voted to require the updating of the Master Plan every five years starting in 2005. There continues to be some significant changes in lands available for development, which calls for a new look at potentia l expansion of the City of Ishpeming on a regular basis. This Master Plan was requested and prepared by the members of the Planning Commission, with help from some citizens at large. The following document is a brief description of the present status of the City and suggestions as to what might be done in the next five years to enhance life in the City of Ishpeming . 2 �LAND USE The City of Ishpeming is comprised of 9.25 square miles of land. After 1986, large parcels of land, owned by mining interests, were sold, mostly in large parcels and mostly to developers. This has provided sizable tracts available for commercial and residential development. Much of this property lies north of U. S. 41 and extends from Cooper Lake Road east to the Ishpeming Cemetery. Country Village with its large grocery store, developments ' have It has seen considerable development, including the numerous new businesses, a major retail chain store, and a residential development in the northwest corner. revitalized the a These area and provide much needed new tax revenue. This area contains considerable land yet available for further development , put is largely tied up by a few developers. There development. is land available in the southeast of the City for commercial There are also a few lots yet available in the Industrial Park north of Greenwood Street and west of Lakeshore Drive. - part There are scattered lots available throughout the City, available for both residential and commercial use. Recreational baseball diamonds, lands six are tennis several playground areas, presently courts, adequate. numerous a swimming beach, There horseshoe are and eight regulation basketball courts, and a large winter sports area . Also, additional lands have been acquired north and east of the Al Quaal Recreation Area. Planning for the future should include the following: 1. Continue, by use of T.I.F. funds or grants, to assist in the development of the lands north of U. S. 41 from Second Street west to Cooper Lake Road. 2. Keep an up-to-date inventory of all City owned and leased lands, way, and easements. rights-of- The City should continue to secure ownership of essential properties presently being leased for rights-of-way or easements. 3 Develop the land east of the Al Quaal Recreation Area for a trailer park and 3 �other recreational use. At the time of printing, it was revealed that a major franchised trailer park is being planned north of U. J , Ishpeming. S. 41 in the City of This would preclude the need for a City-owned trailer park. It is contemplated that this park will bring in considerable added tourist business. In reference to Item 2 above, a new opportunity has presented itself. In the ' 'I Heights development and extends south all the way to M-28. Some of this area has I never area late 1990's, the mining companies began to offer for sale mining lands within which mining has taken place. This has opened up considerable land for development. Included in this property is Section 1, T47-R27, more commonly known as the Mather A Mine. This area includes the former golf club land immediately east of the Wabash been undermined and would provide development. 4 an outstanding for residential �J f J J TRANSPORTATION Public transportation is necessary for the surv i v al and expansion of any city . Public transportation structural. train. can be divided into t wo this appears to be adequate for the present. I - I I probably due to the high rate of subsidy to The City should do all it can to facilitate the bus service by This highly subsidized service is tenuous, and its loss would be highly detrimental to the quality of life for many citizens of this City . Structural transportation sidewalks, etc. The Commission should be streets, sidewalks, City includes Council, regularly City working roads, together and (3) streets, Manager, and alleys are maintained, provided where needed for expansion, (2) City to alleys, railroads, Engineer, and Planning that the existing see (1) that new streets and roads are these facilities are well planned and properly constructed . I I and Other types of passenger 3ervice do providing bus stop areas and possibly e v en shelters. the bus service . and bus, or Presently, only bus service is available for passenger transportation, r J. v ehicular Vehicular would include provided transportation such as taxi, not seem able to survive financially, J categories : Street maintenance should continue to be reviewed annually. of sidewalks, curbs, However, and alleys should also be reviewed at the same time . repair In the past, these repairs hav e been considered on an emergency basis, and as a result, the condition of some of these facilities has deteriorated badly. Also worthy of consideration for construction and maintenance are bicy cle paths, snowmobile trails, hiking paths, green belts, and street lighting. The following major projects are identified as priorit y projects for inclusion into the City's Transportation Plan. need in order to improve the This list is arranged according to priority of transportation system within develop vacant land, and to promote economic dev elopment. 5 the City , to further �J J J J J 1. roads in front of the Miracle Center to greatly reduce the surface area to be plowed and maintained. 2. I I I I I Obtain land, right-of-way, or easement on the former Mather A property and plan a road extending from Malton Road and extending east and south to connect with an east extension of Hematite Drive. 3. I I I Implement the plan submitted by the Planning Commission which redesigns the Establish a service road requirement adjacent to U. S. Highway 41 to eliminate excess driveway openings and avoid traffic congestion. This should extend east from the Pamida parking lot. 4. Provide a snowmobile trail connection from the east-west town trail to the Country Inn. 5. Extend Hematite Drive east to Seventh Street. 6. Extend South First Street south to Bluff Street. 7. Purchase and pave the Erickson Oil Company lot. 8. Extend Old Farm Road north to County Road 573. 9. Develop a road to connect Cooper Lake Road with Old Farm Road. 10. Place directional signs along Third Street direct traffic to the downtown area. and Lakeshore Drive to better Signs indicating the number of blocks to the business district should be placed at the U. s. 41 entrance to the above streets. Also, similar signage should be placed on Business Route M-28. I -I I ~ 6 �r r r r r r r I I I ( I I I I I I REVENUE SOURCES To finance capital improvements and the every day operations of the City, it is necessary to pursue all potential sources of funding. These sources can be divided into the following categories: Grants: Grants are usually sought for the purpose of financing a particular capital improvement project. The responsibility for grants falls upon the City Manager. seeking out and applying for these He is to apprise himself of all appropriate available grants and make proper application for those which we can use. It would also be appropriate for department heads to seek out possible grants and apply for them under the direction of the City Manager. Millage: needed. Millage rates are reviewed every year by the City Council and adjusted as This is a regular procedure and need not be addressed further. Regular Service Charges: These include water, sewer, and burials . The City Council should review the water and sewer rates every year to see that these revenues meet the needs of these departments. The Cemetery Board should do likewise for the same reason. These are fees charged for special services which are not used by the User Fees: majority of citizens; i.e . , water shut-off, league baseball diamonds, Al Quaal pavilion, skiing, etc. It is the philosophy of the Planning Commission that, rather than raise taxes, it is more equitable to charge fees to those who enjoy special benefits provided by the City. This category provides considerable potential for added revenue. Each department of the City should regularly review its fee schedule and special services to determine whether fees are adequate in amount and coverage. The Planning Commission feels that there are many services provided on a limited basis at no cost which should be identified and included in the user fee schedule . 7 �r r r r r Some examples of additional user fees are zoning permits, specially requested printed material, City parking lots, Public Works services, playgrounds, and parks. Payment Enhancement: for all payments due the City. (1) Regular Payments. (2) Special Charges. within 48 hours, r r r This category covers attempts to decrease the collection time This would fall into three types: These would include user fees, etc. The billing 3hould be and the time allotted for payment should be brought in line with present industry standards. (3) Late Payments. payments. the City This would include taxes as well as regular and special Every effort should be made to collect all delinquent payments to as rapidly as possible. Discontinuance of service and legal proceedings should be used without delay, when necessary. r r I Code of Payment: A Code of Payment should be adopted by the City which would define exactly what is covered by any fees and when and how these fees are to be paid. This would contain the entire fee schedule which would be updated annually. established, no exceptions to these rules would be allowed. Any Once complaints resulting from the enforcement of these rules would be brought to the City Manager I I I for consideration. In the event the complainant is not satisfied with the result, their recourse would be small claims court. allowed to be brought before the City Council. In the past this has taken up considerable time at Council meetings and resulted in widely varying and inequitable results. I I I I I At no time would these complaints be 8 �r r r r r PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES Public facilities include all those that the City and other local governments, as well as State and Federal agencies, The range of services includes administration, education, recreation, health, libraries, and emergency services. At present, there is one State building in the City of Ishpeming, occupied by the Michigan State License Bureau. of r provide. the City. The only Federal building is the Post Office, located in the City. treatment plants, Ambulance, It is located on U. S. 41 near the western edge City buildings include City Hall, playground complex, and the and Public Works Departments. a Teal Lake lodge, tows, a swimming beach, Library, complex housing The Cemetery has serve as office, storage, garage and chapel. which is centrally water and sewage the Police, Fire, three buildings that The Al Quaal area has an upper lodge, a new bathroom facility, two operating ski and several buildings which serve as storage and service buildings for ski hill servicing. Also included as a governmental service is the Senior Citizens Center, building owned by the City but under the control of the Commission on Aging. services to seniors are funded largely by the State of a These Michigan and Marquette County, with some additional funds from the City and two townships. The 191 0 Library is old and in need of repairs. It also lacks parking space, is not barrier free, and is inadequate in size. The formation of a district library conjunction with surrounding communities. should be considered by the City in This would provide expanded facilities and spread the cost more evenly among those who use it. Health facilities are adequately met by the F. A . Bell Memorial Hospital and associated doctors I office complex, as well as a local clinic and several other doctors' offices. At present, I the City is adequately serviced by electric power, 9 natural gas, �telephone and TV cable. The sewage collection and treatment system is quite new and should serve the City for many years to come. The new water wells and treatment plant should also provide an adequate water supply for many years in the future. The City Hall is very old but has recently been refurbished. The first floor is now barrier free, and this facility should serve the community very well for many years. At this time, the upper floor is being redone and will be made bar~ier free also. City Council meetings are being conducted in the Senior Citizens Center building until this work is completed . The space. Fire/Police/Public Works complex suffers from old age and inadequate Plans should be made for the construction of a new Fire/Police and Ambulance complex. This would free up some additional space for the Public Works until such time as a new facility for them is possible. The City Cemetery is adequate, 20 years . A new vehicle storage in terms of burial space , for the next ten to building was recently constructed, which has resulted in a neater appearance and will contribute to longer vehicle life. Garbage collection has been privatized and is no longer a City. function of the The City is a member of the Marquette County Landfill and should have no problems with disposal for many years. The City has instituted a recycling program accepting constructed on the site to allow the operation to be carried out under cover. Also magazines , and cardboard. accepted at the site are yard rakings and brush, and made available to the public. 10 building milk been newspapers, new plastic has containers, A cans, which are processed into compost �HOUSING The housing situation progress is being made . in Ishpeming continues to be a problem, although With the high percentage of very narrow lots and the trend towards multiple car families, parking continues to be a problem . Some relief has been gained due to the fact that some 35 dilapidated buildings have been torn down in the inner City area . the use of parking . Many of these resulting empty lots have been conve::ted for During this same time, only 15 new houses have been built in the City of Ishpeming, resulting in a net loss of about 20 buildings. There has been a population decrease from about 7,200 people in 1990 to 6,686 It is generally in 2000, probably a result of removal of some of the slum rentals. accepted that the plethora of cheap low-quality rentals are drawing a lower class of people into the City and moderately priced Commission is rentals constantly are discouraging suitable attempting for to the the construction of retired upgrade the new, The community. rental attractive, Planning standards so that entrepreneurs will be able to construct new housing and still be able to compete with the present rental rates . There are some available lots scattered around generally small and not attractive to new home builders. attractive lots available, the City, but these T4ere are larger, are more but they are very expensive and have very restrictive covenants and, therefore, are not selling very well. If we are to attract new building to the City of Ishpeming, following: (1) we must do the develop a major right-of-way through the Mather A Mine property to encourage someone to develop the area and provide adequately sized, affordable lots; (2) continue to upgrade and enforce the housing and rental codes; (3) try to locate one or more inner City blocks which could be economically cleared to provide an area to construct one or more attractive, moderately priced apartment houses; and (4) assist anyone who is willing to construct new housing developments in any part of 11 �I I the City. Considerable work was done in the last several years to update building codes I I and City ordinances and to provide new ordinances where needed. Council failed to adopt these recommendations, However, the City and the problems remain. Perhaps some slightly less stringent codes should be presented for approval. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 12 �I I ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT This I I I section has been developed development in the City of Ishpeming. in recognition of the need for economic The economy in the City, and Marquette County in general, was quite good during the last part of the 1990's. However, definite downturn during 2001 when the Empire Mine was closed down. it took a The principal employer in the City of Ishpeming and surrounding townships of western Marquette County is the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company. At present, Cleveland Cliffs manages The economic health of these mines has a and operates two open pit iron ore mines. tremendous impact on the economy of the area. There has been a general reduction in the work force over the last few years as the company struggles to streamline its operations. Although the Empire Mine reopened in 2002, the negative economic impact was considerable . The mining company is continually working to maintain its position in the iron ore market. However, any appreciable improvement is unlikely in the near future. Everyone will have to contribute as much as possible to help keep this healthy. industry An example of this was the cooperative efforts by the mining company, its employees, and the general public to get the Federal government to place tariffs on illegally imported cheap steel products. It is estimated that one of the iron ore mines may exhaust its reserves in 20 years . The City of Ishpeming must be ready to meet that possibility by attracting other income producing elements. To do this, industrial sites, and decent home sites. we must provide the infrastructure, We need to have a City that looks good and provides good reliable services. The purchasing and removal of decrepit during the last few years should be continued. buildings that has been conducted The development of attractive, much needed parking lots has contributed greatly to the attractiveness of the downtown area. I The need for additional parking lots may be waning, but a new direction can 13 �be taken. The removal of scattered decrepit houses is a step in the right direction for enhancing neighborhood aesthetics, but the empty lots leave somewhat of a "gap" like missing teeth. Where these empty lots have been purchased by adjacent home owners and assimilated into the general decor of the neighborhood, great. the effect is But, where the lot is left vacant, it is not so good. What is needed in the inner city area is a completely cleared block where low rent apartments can be constructed with adequate parking and attractive landscaping. The Planning Commission is proposing that an attempt be made to find a block in the inner city area which has the most decrepit houses or which could be the most economically cleared for development. A plan would be developed to acquire all the property in the block and remove all structures, providing an attractive site for an interested builders. With the imminent closing of the Suicide Hill area, training facilities have been moved to the Al Quaal Area. have been built, the Olympic winter New cross country trails While this is definitely an along with a biathlon rifle range. attraction for the area, its economic impact is not expected to be great. The City of Ishpeming must begin to prepare to exist with less dependency on iron ore mining. Our other strong points seem to be tourism, wood products, recreation, and services. Tourism : Hall of Fame attraction is At present, and the the greatest tourist attractions are the National Ski Marqtran presently being Tilden Mine developed bus using tours. the An Cliffs additional Shaft Mine tourist surface facilities to develop a theme park and mining museum. It is also possible that if a new ski jumping complex is constructed in the City, it may draw tourists just for its aesthetic value . Wood Products. At this time, we have one timber yard in the City. While it has been expanding, it is not very labor intensive and does not provide many jobs in 14 �itself . The Flooring Mill has been a great asset to the City, but it has not significantly expanded and probably does not employ as may persons as it has in some past years. employment It is not likely that this facility will provide any hope for added in future years . It is highly unlikely that a major wood products producer would locate in the City due to the large scale at which these industries operate. require Our best hope is to try to attract small wood product producers who do not large spaces, large volumes of water, or make any appreciable negative ecologic impact on the area. At Recreation. present, the only recreation income to the City is snowmobiling. For this trail and access to both the downtown that reason, outlying brings any significant it is very important that businesses be developed and It would be particularly beneficial to establish a trail from the five- maintained. way intersection north along Lakeshore Drive to U. S. Highway 41 at a point where a safe crossing to the north side can be made. The plans to develop an all-season ski jumping complex in the City now appear If built, to be unrealistic. this facility would bring in added revenue for the Whether this facility could pay ·its own way is a big question. local businesses. It would need help from the Olympic Committee. Unfortunately, this facility would bring in no direct tax revenue or provide any significant amount of jobs. Services. infrastructure, schools, and Probably the best category for future expansion. By providing good attractive commercial buildings and building sites, other needed facilities, perhaps government or good housing , private service industries could be enticed to locate in this area. If these improvements are to be implemented, these efforts will require the cooperation of such participants as the City Council, City administration, Planning Commission, Downtown Development Authority , private developers. City residents, business owners, and An administrative framework is needed for successful economic 15 �I I I I I development in the City of Ishpeming. This will provide the necessary organization and direction of economic development efforts. Business. The Downtown Development Authority should be encouraged to offer incentives to present business owners to improve their place of business . The DDA could offer financial assistance or other means which would improve the business climate for existing businesses or new businesses contemplating locating in the City of Ishpeming. I I I I I I I I ~ - - ' A definition confusion and of responsibilities duplication of and/or efforts by roles the will be principal necessary to avoid participants. By accomplishing this, a structured organization can be created consisting of the City Council, City Administration, Planning Commission, Downtown Development Authority, and inclusion of the Chamber of Commerce into the planning process. and implementation responsibilities for economic development into the economic development action plan. economic development Economic Development Corporation and CUPPAD, member. In addition, can be incorporated The economic development action plan should outline the strategy to be followed by the City. would be utilization of Thus, planning services A part of that strategy from the Marquette County of which the City is a participating the action plan should not duplicate efforts of the County's EDC, but stress cooperation and enhancement of, in order to bring new development to Ishpeming. To planning complete and this project economic ideas development should be action plan, incorporated improvement program and ten year planning projections. into an outline of specific the five year capital Those planning and projects ideas that enhance and create old and new job markets in the City should have high priority in the capital improvement program. 16 �CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT The history of Ishpeming coincides with the history of mining on the Marquette range. -I The first mining venture in Ishpeming was in the 1850's. was being mined by the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company. Ishpeming began to develop in the early 1860' s. 1869. The population of Ishpeming in 1868-69 By 1854, iron ore Commercial development in Ishpeming became incorporated in was estimated at 800 persons. However, the census of 1870 showed 6,103 persons residing in Ishpeming. The l870's were the urban development years for Ishpeming. was granted in 1873. A fire company was organized in 1870. also built during this time period. early l880's, there were The first school was The first newspaper appeared in 1874. there were two trains running daily to Chicago. six mines The City Charter in operation. By early 1900's, By the During the l880's, there were 13,255 persons living in Ishpeming, eight mines,, 15 churches, an opera house, and two newspapers. By the Irish, beginning of Cornish, I I I descent. I culturally, the Swedish, twentieth century, French, German, the residents Norwegian, Danish, of Ishpeming were Italian, of and Finnish Their cultural and social backgrounds were all tied together by a common interest, mining. The City of Ishpeming is rich in history. its residents, The many cultural backgrounds of the physical environment of the area, and influences of the mining industry have shaped the social economic framework of Ishpeming today. the City of Ishpeming is typical of Socially and the American small city with a single principal employer for the majority of its residents. I I Until recently, the City had only one facility relating to the history and the This is the National Ski Hall of Fame and cultural backgrounds of its residents. the promotion of Nordic skiing. There Ishpeming history and cultural background. is presently a relating to This is the development of the Cliffs Shaft Mine into a theme park with a mining museum. 17 new project �The Master Plan has identified tourism and recreation as potential economic markets for the City of Ishpeming. Enhancement of the history and cultural background of Ishpeming would be a key part of these economic markets. Therefore, part of the goal of this Master Plan is to continue to develop the history and cultural background of Ishpeming as part of the tourism and recreation economic markets. A special Planning Commission subcommittee of residents and City officials should be created to identify those marketable aspects of Ishpeming' s history and cultural background. The committee should develop recommendations on how to develop and market as well. It is unlikely that the City will ever return to the population density of the early l900's. However, through historical and cultural development, realize at least three benefits. through tourism and recreation. the City can The first being an increase in economic growth The second being an enhancement and strengthening of the quality of life in Ishpeming. The third being a stabilization of the City's population. The following objectives to achieve the goal of cultural development are: 1. Planning efforts should be undertaken to develop programs that will encourage (a) area churches historic homes, and to retain architectural designs, (b) preservation of (c) development of an historical society to identify the unique aspects of Ishpeming's historical and cultural background. 2. The creation of a museum featuring City artifacts, famous people, and historical events . 3. The development of the Cliffs Shaft mine's complex as an historical park and museum . The park will feature the engine house, shaft, and repair shop. 18 �PUBLIC SCHOOLS Presently ' 'II '~ the school system in Ishpeming is comprised of K-12 grades. Facilities consist of the following: School Location Grades Birchview School North Side K - 4 Phelps School Central 5 Central School Division Street 1 - 4 High School Di vision Street 9 - 8 - 12 There are presently two classes of each grade at Birchview, and one additional kindergarten class meeting at Phelps. classes at Birchview. There are two first, With the declining enrollment second, and third grade (-200 in five years), it is felt that our present facilities are adequate. The Ishpeming Schools receive excellent ratings from the State of Michigan and provide a very high grade of education for its citizens. I I I I I I I 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ishpeming_Master-Plan-Revision_2003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ishpeming Planning Commission, City of Ishpeming, Marquette County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-02-05 Title A name given to the resource Master Plan Revision for the City of Ishpeming Description An account of the resource The Master Plan Revision for the City of Ishpeming was prepared by the Ishpeming Planning Commission on February 5, 2003 and revised the May 23, 1996 Master Plan. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Ishpeming (Mich.) Marquette County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/076d4b33d8cda63cb64d186e91ddf6ea.pdf fd6b95a5f7e65f966280013635dfcaaf PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource De summo bono [folium 102] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_102Hispalensis1496 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Isidore, of Seville, Saint, -636 Description An account of the resource One leaf from De summo bono by Isidorus Hispalensis. Printed in Strassburg by Johann Prüss, partly printed with types of Martin Flach, the Elder (printer of Strassburg), not after 1493. Illustrated with red rubricated initials. [GW M15290; ISTC ii00202000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Strassburg: Johann Prüss, partly printed with types of Martin Flach, the Elder (printer of Strassburg) Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1493 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3011f13add33890319260fec1a3ea5b9.m4v c8113203b7fdaede4cd8e720d45c77d6 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5f5a4f2f4fbd1fe8cf90490de38ad193.pdf 6a7e5292fb2527bc382e05c4aed96f55 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Franjo & Etela Ivkovic Yugoslavian War 34 minutes 56 seconds (00:00:10) -Their situation started in Yugoslavia in September, 1990. -Franjo was born in Yugoslavia on March 19, 1964. -Etela was born in Yugoslavia on May 24, 1967. -Refugees from the Yugoslavian War in 1990. -Separationists wished to have their independence. -They are from the area that is now Serbia. -Next, Croatia wished to gain independence as well. -Croatian population was much more mixed of different ethnicities. -The borders between the various states began creating more physical borders. -They worried what may happen if they were to become a minority in their state. -Three major religions: Catholic, Orthodox Catholic, and Muslim. -The Yugoslavian constitution requires men from age 18 to 65 to be drafted. -Discussed leaving to Hungary if it seemed like he were being drafted. -Government did not have enough draftees, and so they would pick people up from populated buildings. -The police came to their door and Etela hid in the attic while they left. -The War in Croatia was getting very bad. -Franjo’s cousin and several friends were drafted (00:10:00) -People that came back from the War were “not normal anymore”. -They crossed the border to Hungary and encountered many of the people they already knew. -Decided to stay in Hungary. -Individuals they worked with bought a bar/pizzeria so they began working there. -The lead up to the War happened quickly. -Lived in Hungary for three months. -People began going to Sweden to obtain refugee status. -The UN had recognized the civil war and refugee status. -They decided to go to Sweden. -However, the EU was becoming fearful for being overwhelmed with refugees. -Authorities in Sweden asked where they came from. -They explained they came from Hungary. -Have relatives in the US. -Sweden authorities rejected their entry to Sweden. -Sent via train back to Yugoslavia. -Had enough money for food thanks to their employment. -Upon arriving home, their parents were shocked claiming it was too dangerous. -For the next day they stayed indoors all day so nobody would know they were there. -Did not trust anyone. �-There was a UN refugee camp in Vienna, Austria. -Left on a train in the evening for Vienna. -Police on the train asked for their passports. -They lied to say they were going to Vienna to buy goods to import back to Yugoslavia. -After an extensive ~10 minute inquisition, the man sent them on their way. -Refugee camp was full of thousands of people. -It was an old military camp from the Austrian monarchy. -UN refugee center for people from all over the world. (00:20:00) -People may have been in the camp for months or years already. -Refugees from Yugoslavia were held there for the moment. -It wasn’t yet clear where to send them. -Nobody wanted the refugees. -UN began paying bed and breakfast type places to host refugees in Austria. -They spent seven days in the camp. -Stayed for eight months in the bed and breakfast. -Were not allowed to work due to protectionist laws. -They attempted to learn the local language, German. -Austrian government decided to only offer refugee status to those that were directly involved with the action of the War. -They denied their refugee status, but they were not sent out of the country. -Granted a temporary working permit. -Required visiting the local unemployment office once a week. -Very long line. -Each week they insisted that they couldn’t be given work because they can’t speak German. -Franjo got a job at a locksmith shop. -He spoke Hungarian and they needed Hungarian translation. -Because he got a job, Etela was not allowed to work. -Eventually, four years from then, she obtained an under the table job. -They were not making enough to live from his job alone. -She worked to do misc. tasks for the bed and breakfast. -They lived in Austria for five years. -Later she began working sewing in a factory for men’s underwear. -Paid on the amount produced. -Made decent money. -Began saving money to buy tickets go to the US and obtain a visa. -At the American embassy in Vienna, the ambassador granted their visas. -Worked for three and a half years under a sponsor. -The sponsor ended the sponsorship so they were preparing to leave the country. (00:30:00) -Came to the US in 1996. -They lived with his uncle for 4/5 years. -Eventually they moved to Bloomington, Michigan. -They learned English while living and working in the US. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context IvkovicF1826V Title A name given to the resource Ivkovic, Franjo and Etela (Interview outline and video), 2015 Description An account of the resource Franjo and Etela Ivkovic are a Yugoslavian couple that fled Yugoslavia during the Yugoslavian War. Franjo was born in Yugoslavia on March 19, 1964, and Etela was born there as well on May 24, 1967. The two of them left for Hungary temporarily when the War drafting was intensifying. A later attempt to enter Sweden was rejected. They managed to leave Yugoslavia on a train to Vienna, Austria where they stayed in a UN refugee camp. For the next five years they struggled to work in Austria. Eventually they saved enough money to come to the US with a sponsorship and they are now full US citizens Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ivkovic, Franjo and Etela Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Schmehling, Madeline (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-25 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dd694b27a46f5c26312c278ea5e7dea5.pdf bc1380b77b47f9561489b13d78e87926 PDF Text Text 1 Grand Valley State University Special Collections Kent County Oral History collections, RHC-23 Mr. George Jackoboice Interviewed November 5, 1974 Edited and indexed by Don Bryant, 2010-bryant@wellswooster.com Tape # 43 (1:16:37) Biographical Information George Adolphe Jackoboice was born 17 June 1908, the son of Edward J. Jackoboice and Helen Matilda Hake. George was married to Helen Gast, the daughter of Peter B. Gast and Emily Alt. George passed away 10 January 1987 in Grand Rapids and is buried at Mt. Calvary Cemetery. He was the chairman of Monarch Hydraulics, Inc. Besides three sons and their families, George was survived by his wife, Helen, who died 31 December 2008, aged 98 years. George‟s father, Edward Jackoboice was born in Grand Rapids on 16 June 1864, the son of Joseph Jackoboice and Frances Rasch. Edward died 8 May 1935 in Grand Rapids. George‟s mother, Helen Matilda Hake was born in Grand Rapids circa 1873 and died 23 May 1952 at St Mary‟s Hospital in Grand Rapids. The parents were married on 12 June 1906 in Grand Rapids. The Jackoboice family is buried in Mt. Calvary Cemetery on Grand Rapids‟ west side. ____________ Interviewer: Now, I think we‟re getting somewhere because the dial is, is really working here, I just didn‟t have this thing, this is tricky, it doesn‟t plug in quite right…Back it up and play it back. I‟ll play it back and then we‟ll see if I, if that‟s what it was. I think it is. This is an interview with Mr. George Jackoboice in his residence at two thirty-one Park Hills Drive. It‟s raining out. Mr. Jackoboice, is an old time resident, although by far the youngest we interviewed so far in this series. He‟s a member of an old, German family, some of whom lived on the west side of the river in the early days. He is currently the, are you the principal owner George of the, you‟re the president of the Monarch Road… Mr. Jackoboice: Machinery. Interviewer: Machinery Company. And I‟m going to let Mr. Jackoboice, I‟m going to ask him to talk, about his earliest memories about his family, about his grandparents or any of the other relatives that he remembers vividly and, tell us about, growing up in Grand Rapids. Mr. Jackoboice: Thank you, it‟s a real pleasure to be interviewed by you this rainy election evening. You asked about my present place in Grand Rapids community as you have so well and correctly stated, I am and have been president of the Monarch Road Machinery Company for forty-three years, which means only that I haven‟t had a promotion in a long time. We are probably perhaps the oldest machinery business in this part of the state, having been in �2 continuous operation in the machinery business since 1856 or, as of now, for one hundred and eighteen years. We represent the fourth and the beginning of the fifth generation, both in the business and in Grand Rapids. Interviewer has asked if I can recall some of the more significant things connected with my boyhood and youth in Grand Rapids. I actually, believe I could ramble on for several hours, perhaps several days, under the right set of circumstances where one thought, would lead to another. I was born and raised on the west side of Grand Rapids, approximately on the corner of Mount Vernon Avenue and Allen Street. This area has since been taken over by the expressway, however when I was a young man, growing up, this was one of the more significant and I might add, more beautiful neighborhoods in, on at least the west side of the river. I can recall many of the more famous families who were the nucleus of Grand Rapids society of that generation. To continue my, all of my grandparents were in Grand Rapids prior to eighteen fifty-three. Now this is no great tribute to me, I happened to be born into this, into these families. My grandfather William F. Hake was perhaps the earliest German or one of the early Germans at least to come into this area. He came from a town in Westphalia, Germany, sometimes remembered and called Westphallen by the older German residents. He came from a town, a village called Dunschede, D-U-N-S-C-H-E-D-E, which is near Attendorn which is in turn is northeast of Cologne, Germany. He came over here as an orphan boy, when he was somewhere between seventeen and eighteen years of age. His first position was in Detroit and he became a very close friend of the founder, I believe, of one of the early Detroit newspapers. I cannot recall whether it was the Detroit Free Press or the Detroit News. But he was a printer‟s devil and then later on he decided to go to Grand Rapids, Michigan and he walked the distance according to his diary. He lived in Lansing, Michigan for a very short time and he once laughingly said, but with some measure of regret, that he had an option on the land, there now stands the State Capital. He paid forty dollars for this option, which he later surrendered. He then moved to Grand Rapids and became involved with a man by the name of John Hanchett, who was a pioneer harness maker. The employment with this gentleman continued for a very brief time. After which he became involved with John Clancy who, history will recall, founded the first wholesale grocery in the Grand Rapids, or Western Michigan area. My grandfather married a lady, a very beautiful lady, I might add, by the name of Anna Maria Schettler, who was a native of Württemberg, province of Württemberg, Germany. Interviewer: Spell her last name for me. Mr. Jackoboice: Her name was S-C-H-E-T-T-L-E-R and her first names were Anna Maria. She came first to Chicago with her parents and I might add also, that her home city was Altensteig, which is in the Black Forest of Germany, not too far from Freiburg. I visited these places so I know where of I speak. She lived on a hill, and the significance that in her later married days, she �3 also lived on a hill, occupying a beautiful home which is now the site of the parking lot for Butterworth Hospital. It is on the southeast corner of Ransom and Crescent Street. She came, to get back however, she came from Chicago, and my grandfather and grandmother were married at St. Michael‟s Church in Chicago and it was said that one of the original Marshall Field family were in the wedding party. They came to Grand Rapids where my grandfather, because of his integrity and his thrift and his energy, was determined to be a success and I might add that he was. I can epitomize his career in this very brief statement that he came here as an orphan boy knowing practically nobody and when he died at 94 years of age, the City Hall flag was at half mast for three days. He was engaged during his lifetime in furniture manufacturing, lumbering, the wholesaling of liquor, he also had a wheelbarrow company and he was at one time treasurer of the city of Grand Rapids and placed into execution the bookkeeping system that was used until about oh, thirty, thirty-five years ago. Interviewer: When did he arrive here in Grand Rapids, George, when did your grandparents come after they were married? Mr. Jackoboice: My grandfather Hake arrived in Grand Rapids I would have to guess slightly but I‟m correct within three or four years, about 1850, I believe the correct date is 1847. Interviewer: Do you remember him? Mr. Jackoboice: Oh very, very vividly. He lived as I say, until he was ninety-four years of age. He was a very active man and right up until a week before he died he was, quite a stroller about town with his high silk hat and his gold cane. He was very meticulously dressed and a very popular and quite an interesting personality. He was known to have bet significant sums on whether it would, the temperature for example would drop to “X” degrees on a hot day or, if some candidate or other would win an election. He was nicknamed at times “Bet a Million Gates” in tribute to one of the more significant legendary characters of his generation. According to the stories that my mother and uncles told me, on two occasions he bet 15,000 dollars which was then a very high sum, on the outcome of presidential elections. Both times, fortunately he won. They had fifteen children, twelve of who lived to maturity, and the last one died only about two years ago. The last uncle was Louis F. Hake. His children were involved in their time with, merchandising, with coal, with insurance, with music, with medicine and practically all the facets of the business life of Grand Rapids. They were a very interesting family and they married into some rather well-known and well-established families. Currently one of the better known members in the local historical group is Dr. William F. Hake who was married to Clara Voigt, who was the lady, if you have gone thru the Voigt House, stands at the left as you enter and she is dressed in a bridal outfit as, at the entrance as I say of the parlor of their home. Interviewer: Excuse me; this is your Grandfather Hake? Mr. Jackoboice: This was his son. �4 Interviewer: No, I mean the man you started to talk about. Mr. Jackoboice: That‟s correct. Interviewer: Was your great grandfather; let‟s start over; who was the man who came here in the eighteen forties or fifties?Mr. Jackoboice: William F. Hake was my grandfather who came here in the early, prior to eighteen fifty. His son was also William F. Hake but he was a doctor. Interviewer: And he is the one who married… Mr. Jackoboice: He is the one who married the Voigt. To continue with my grandfather, William F. Hake, who should not be confused with his son who was also William Hake but who was a doctor and the doctor was the gentleman who was married to Clara Voigt. Continuing, however as I indicated with my doctor, with my grandfather William F. Hake, he was an inveterate athlete of sorts and until he was 93 years he swam every summer in Lake Michigan and by that I don‟t mean that he waded out up to his knees, he would go well over his height and swim for probably a quarter a mile along the shore line and up until the year before he died, this was his regular practice. He also would walk up and down Michigan Street hill because that led to and from his home; he had many friends along the route there including Mr. Kusterer of the Brewery. Kusterer was of an old Grand Rapids brewing family and was one of the persons who went down with the steamer Alpena as it was crossing from, I believe Grand Haven to Milwaukee, it was only by the most strange, strangest circumstances that William F. Hake did not make that trip, and that is of course another and very lengthy story. To continue with some of his children, and I cannot give, even a capsule history of all of the twelve surviving children because that would take far too many hours. But, Dr. William F. Hake was a very prominent physician and surgeon in Grand Rapids. They had no children and in each case they loved to travel. So they made frequent trips to Europe and at a time when travel was not as simple as in these days of jet transportation. He, among other things, donated all of his medical services to such charitable organizations as the Sisters of the Poor, the Sisters of the Good Shepherd which at that time had an institution which operated a laundry, and also took care of girls, who in the minds of many were delinquents; and also of Saint John‟s Home. His, in his medical career he amassed a reasonable amount of money and, of course his wife, Clara survived him and she became again, a resident of the old family home, the Voigt House on College Avenue. And the College Avenue home, of course has been so well recorded and documented that it probably should not be again mentioned her. My mother… Interviewer: Excuse me, when did Dr. Hake die? Mr. Jackoboice: Dr. Hake died of pernicious anemia about nineteen twenty-two, that‟s within, within a year or two either away. Interviewer: Did his wife live into the fifties, I think…. �5 Mr. Jackoboice; Yes, I would think well past the fifties. I often would have luncheon with her. She was very frankly, very, very fond of my wife, who was, whose maiden name was Helen Gast. And whenever we would meet down at any of the restaurants of the city, why they would always, she would always send a little remembrance over to my wife in the form of a friendly drink or equal. Interviewer: I just asked George about where Dr. Hake was buried because I had never found him on the Voigt lot. Now, you tell your story George. Mr. Jackoboice: Dr. Hake was buried at Mount Calvary Cemetery on the west side which is right off Leonard Street. Dr. Hake, it should be mentioned, was Catholic. His wife, Clara Hake was not. But at that time in history, there was a rule in the Catholic Church that non-Catholics could not be buried in a Catholic cemetery, so there was a little problem there which later was resolved in this way. Some time, some years after Dr. Hake had died, she, he was removed at her request, to a plot in Oakhill Cemetery, which is on the southeast side of the city, and it is, it was there that she later was buried. There was a huge granite cross placed on his grave by his widow at Mount Cavalry and ironically it was done by an outside stone mason and one of the uprights unfortunately was just a little bit off kilter. Now that has no real significance except perhaps one shouldn‟t patronize, especially in things like that, their own native trades‟ people. Interviewer: You were to talk about some other members of that generation of Hakes, besides Dr. Hake? Mr. Jackoboice: Yes…, there‟s one interesting story, if you don‟t mind, I‟ll go back to my grandmother‟s generation. Interviewer: Not at all. Mr. Jackoboice: My grandmother was, who was named, whose name was Anna Maria Schettler had a sister who was named Louisa. Now Louisa was a very, very beautiful girl. If you‟ve ever seen a picture of Southern Belle, which is a rather famous portrait, she was a very, she bore a very close resemblance to that person. Now, I never knew Louisa but Louisa lived in Chicago. She was first married to a man, I believe by the name of Miller. They had no children and Miller was very, very successful as a rathskeller operator in Chicago and this was certainly before the days of the Chicago fire, which really doesn‟t mean a thing except that it goes way back in early Chicago history. Louisa, as I indicated, was a very beautiful woman she had very, very many friends, she was very vivacious and vital and, suddenly Miller died and left her with a than considerable amount of money. Louisa then married a man somewhat older than she and he was a bona fide German count and, the story goes that, he was, he had the title of Count Von Dreisen, but he didn‟t necessarily have the money that, should accompany his title. Well, they lived in glory and traveled with the finest society in Chicago and my grandfather went off and chided her for being so reckless with her money and she said, “Well, Bill (my grandfather‟s name), I would only say this: That I would like to abide by your wishes Bill but I have nobody to leave this �6 money to except my sister, your wife and I have no need for saving it because it‟s more money than I could ever spend. Later on Count Von Dreisen died and Louisa found herself impoverished. She lived in a very modest apartment overlooking the boulevards on once she had ridden in glory with fine horses and furs and the best that Chicago could offer. And it was ironic that this lady who turned down any inheritance from her father, in favor of her sister had to ask, or had to call upon her brother-in-law to pay for her funeral. Interviewer: Now, was there other members of that Hake, of your mother‟s generation who were particularly interesting Mr. Jackoboice: My mother, of course, was Helen Matilda Hake; she was one of the three daughters of William F. Hake and Anna Maria Schettler, who lived to maturity. She went to Saint Mary‟s Academy, at Notre Dame, Indiana and she, often mentioned that Helen Studebaker, among others was one of her classmates. Helen Studebaker was, of course, was part of the old carriage family later to make the Studebaker automobile. She was married to my father Joseph Jackoboice, Edward, I‟m sorry, Edward Joseph Jackoboice and they had and I am the son of that union along with my brother Edward and four sisters. I will tell about them a little bit later. But my mother was a tremendously interesting person, she seemed to always had her suitcase packed and would be ready to travel at a moment‟s notice. She would, I‟m, sure drop any wifely chores to show her children a very good time, either by taking a walk to the park or engaging in games or anything of that nature. She was fun loving, she played the piano, she spoke fluent German and reasonably, fine French, she lived to be seventy-nine years of age and certainly, life never was the same again after she died. She was, as I say a tremendous person. And I‟m sure that sentiment is accurate also by my brother Edward and my sisters Frances, Rita, Helen and Ruth. And Helen and Ruth were twins. Helen died at twenty-seven; Ruth is the surviving twin, Rita the youngest died at seven years of age. Interviewer: Why don‟t you tell, tell us about the Jackoboice family, when they came to Grand Rapids, and what they first did, and anything you can think of interest in, along that line, George. Mr. Jackoboice: Thank you. The grandparents on my father‟s side were Frances Rasch; that was spelled R-A-S-C-H. She came from the Kingdom of Prussia, which is now, of course a part of Germany. My grandfather, Joseph Jackoboice, came from a border city in what was then known as the Duchy of Warsaw. And as the Kingdom of Poland and of course, it was a land that had suffered politically and economically because of its tri-partitions, by in turn, the concurrently I should say by the Austrians, the Prussians and the Russians. Joseph Jackoboice, according to the unconfirmed records, was born in Kalisz, which was a city in Poland which is 1800 years old, and was formally on the Amber route from the Orient to Eastern Europe and of course, eventually into Western Europe and he came. Interviewer: When was he born, approximately, George? �7 Mr. Jackoboice: My grandfather Joseph Jackoboice was born March sixteenth, eighteen twentyfour. He came to the United States, no later than eighteen fifty-two when he was twenty-eight years old. He came at a time, when migration from that part of the world was for political reasons, not economic. He came to this country with an education and he came with money. Almost immediately upon arrival here he established himself in business. And that explains why, when I said at the beginning of this interview that I represent the descendents of a family who had been involved in the machinery business in Grand Rapids continuously for one hundred and eighteen years. Interviewer: One question I have about the name Jackoboice, was that name spelled differently in the early days, is it a German name, or was it a Polish name or was a family of mixed origins? Mr. Jackoboice: I would believe, that the name was Anglicized or corrupted. The original spelling according to the best information we have was J-A-K-U-B-O-W-I-C-Z, which would by its ending be more Russian than probably Polish. He himself, almost immediately upon his arrival in Michigan, changed his name to Jackoboice. It is significant, however that in either version there are ten letters. So that in essence the name was Anglicized from probably phonetic reasons. But it was not shortened. Why he did this, nobody seems to know. I personally have spent a considerable amount of money in several trips to the old country to determine why he left. Although he was a very, very successful man in business and although he had the health, and the finances and the time to travel, he never did so. He always remained in Grand Rapids, Michigan and frankly there is very little that can be found, showing correspondence between this country and his native land. There are no letters, there is no documentation, why he came, nobody knows. He rarely ever spoke of it. And it‟s kind of a fascinating and very intriguing mystery. Interviewer: Then he had no brothers or sisters who came here, is that correct? Mr. Jackoboice: He came alone. He came alone and, when he came and I mentioned earlier that he was about, he came, he was born in 1824 and he came here in 1852. So he would have been approximately twenty-eight years of age. And at twenty-eight he obviously was beyond the age of military service so he did not come for military reasons. As I say again, it‟s a fascinating mystery, I don„t know except that, the name in its original spelling is a very well name, a very well known name in Poland. Whether he spoke languages other than Poland, Polish or English or German, I do not know but I believe he spoke all three, if not a fourth. His wife Frances Rasch, as I indicated came from the Kingdom of Prussia, from the town, from the town of Breslau. Her entire family came to Grand Rapids, into Kent County and many of them pioneered and homesteaded in the fruit and apple and peach orchards in the Conklin, Sparta and Wright areas. They still have these extensive orchards there. Another branch of her family went to Florence, Alabama and founded a village there by the name of St. Florian. And there‟s an old house there which was built by her brother which, in its time was a sort of miniature Gone-with- �8 the-Wind mansion. I don‟t know whatever happened to it, but it was when I last saw it twenty five years ago, it was then even very decrepit so it‟s probably fallen into decay by this time. Interviewer: Well, you spoke of your, the Hake family as being Roman Catholic, I‟m going to assume, that the Jackoboices were too and also I believe they had something to do with the beginning of Saint Mary‟s Parish on the West Side, is that correct? Mr. Jackoboice: That is, correct; both William F. Hake, Joseph Jackoboice and his wife, Frances Rasch Jackoboice were charter members of Saint Mary‟s Church. Mrs. William F. Hake was however, a charter member of the Lutheran Church on Michigan Street Hill. My grandfather, Jackoboice lived on the site, which is now occupied by the convent of Saint Mary‟s Church. Saint Mary‟s Church, incidentally is the ethnic, Catholic German church. It is the second oldest parish in the dioceses of Grand Rapids and it was, the church you see now, of course, followed the original church and the present church is pure Gothic and one must really go in there to see how beautiful it is, in the stained glass windows and the arrays of sacred vessels and vestments and so on but, are over there in the repository. You ever been in there? Interviewer: No, why don‟t you talk about your father and what, where he was born and where he went to school and things of that sort. Mr. Jackoboice: My father was one of the two surviving children of Joseph Jackoboice and Frances Rasch. The other children died either as infants or as young people in their late teens or early twenties. They had all met in one case, in the case of my Uncle George, for whom I am named, it was quite a blow to my father because he was only, it was his only living brother and he drowned off Manhattan Beach, as it was then known at Reed‟s Lake. My father told how he looked for him on this sultry August afternoon, and after everybody had given up searching for him, he continued and found his body in the early morning hours. He never got over the tragedy of his brother‟s drowning and only reluctantly ever would he go towards Reed‟s Lake. He however continued, his brother George by the way, was, I believe nineteen years old when this tragedy occurred. He was an excellent swimmer but apparently he was a victim of cramps and nobody saw him in time and they found his high wheeled bicycle out by the side of a tree. My father continued in the business established by his father. And that business was originally known as the Joseph Jackoboice Company and then later on, was renamed the Westside Ironworks and the extent of their manufacture, the scope of it included band saws, rip saws, cut off saws, fine woodworking machinery. I‟m a little bit ahead of myself, but prior to the manufacture of machinery, my grandfather manufactured sawmill and logging machinery, lumber recording instruments, steam engines and he also made a specialty of fire escapes which were installed on most of the early buildings of Grand Rapids and some of the ornamental iron still survives on some of the older buildings. Later on… Interviewer: Can you tell us, tell me where one could see examples of that ornamental ironwork? �9 Mr. Jackoboice: I‟m guessing a little bit on this, but I believe some of the railings, might appear and I‟d have to confirm this, on the, for example, the Ledyard Building along the side there, I believe. They also well on the late, and lamented and fire destroyed Cody Hotel, I know they had fire escapes and I used to kid my father about that because, it was quite a tragic situation and, but fire escapes wouldn‟t have helped anybody in that holocaust. But anyway….. Interviewer: The Cody or do you mean the other hotel across….. Mr. Jackoboice: I‟m sorry I meant the Livingston Hotel. The Cody was across the street and that was, I‟m so used to that because telling about that because the Cody Hotel was originally owned and operated by a relative of Buffalo Bill Cody. Later on, we continued in the manufacture of woodworking machinery; then later on became involved with the manufacturing of road machinery and road maintainers, and devices for the maintenance of highways and this occurred when the highway program of the United States was in its early days. And, quite often I would drive throughout the country with my father, visiting these various road commissions, many of them were not even known as road commissions because they had a sub-contract arrangements with farmers of a given township or county. And negotiations would be made on an individual basis. My father, I think, liked to travel around and be paid for it and he enjoyed it very much and of course this, as his chauffeur and son and companion why we had a great time together. Later on, after my father chose to retire, my brother and I assumed control of the business and is now known as the Monarch Road Machinery Company with a factory and offices on Michigan Street. We also own the building on the west side, one block south of Bridge Street which is known as the Old German English School Association Building, better known as the German School House. Many people like to believe that was the first building where we operated as a family but actually it was the fourth. The first building was on a site which is approximately where the Civic Auditorium is now. The second, was at an area now owned, now covered by the Olds Manor, historically however that was known as German Corners or Rasch or the Rasch House and that hotel was owned by my father and mother and an aunt. Interviewer: Which corner was that? Mr. Jackoboice: That was on the Northwest corner of Monroe and Bridge Street or Michigan. It is where the Olds Manor is now And they later on, they moved from there to a site on the west side of Grand River, approximately where the new Civic Theatre is scheduled to be built, approximately where the old inter-urban bridge terminates. The later on the German English School Society building was acquired by my grandfather and he converted to a factory. Interviewer: I think we‟re coming to the end of the, this side of the tape or fairly close to it so I think we‟ll turn the tape over at this point. Part Two of an interview with Mr. George Jackoboice. �10 Mr. Jackoboice: To continue, the business as I‟ve indicated previously has been variously known under different company names but has always been in full control and operation by the Jackoboice family. And during the business history, we as I have suggested before made sawmill machinery, logging machinery, then precision woodworking machinery, heavy road machinery and now we are concentrated in hydraulic power control systems and as such we sell these devices for the automatic control of things both in materials, handling, feeling, field, agricultural, automotive, the ready-mix industry and a great variety of applications, throughout the United States and Canada and probably 20 foreign countries. It is, I‟m sure a tribute to my grandfather and my father who, respectively founded the business and I‟m sure that we‟re all very grateful that because of their perseverance and industry that we survived as a tribute to the American concept of free enterprise. It is also I‟m sure worthy of a proud note, that both of my grandfathers William F. Hake and Joseph Jackoboice are memorialized in the permanent exhibits at the Grand Rapids Public Museum. And in each case they were leaders and pioneers of their respective, national origins, the one from Germany and the other Joseph Jackoboice who I‟m sure was the first by at least ten years, to be in Grand Rapids and he was certainly the pioneer of his nationality. I can only add that…. Interviewer: I wanted to ask you, what in, where in the public Museum would one go to find these memorials, memorializations of your grandparents? Mr. Jackoboice: They are in each case, on the second floor of the east building along the south wall, where they have the Heritage Hall. And there as you walk down this one hallway you‟ll run directly into the Germany exhibit and there‟s a picture there of William F. Hake and also of the old German English School House that I mentioned earlier which the Jackoboices owned and still own and immediately adjacent is the recognition of Joseph Jackoboice and the exhibit, which tells about the Polish ethnic background of the city. Interviewer: Go ahead. Mr. Jackoboice: You mentioned earlier, about some of the neighborhood interests, that I was privileged to enjoy on the west side. And of course when one goes by there now they will, they will notice that it is strictly commercial, industrial. And in no sense, does it reflect what it once upon a time was. For example, many of the old, of the older, and I would like to believe influential pioneers of Grand Rapids lived in that neighborhood. For example, directly across the street from my old boyhood home lived, the Voigts at that time, next door was T.W. Strahan. Interviewer: Excuse me, exactly where was your boyhood home, George Mr. Jackoboice: This home was at the corner of Mount Vernon and Allen Street; this was on the southeast corner. But it is entirely obliterated now because the expressway, in its construction was placed directly over the whole area within where I used to live. Directly … Interviewer: Go ahead. You mentioned the Voigts lived on one side and the Strahans. �11 Mr. Jackoboice: Strahans. Interviewer: How do you spell that? Mr. Jackoboice: S-T-R-A-H-A-N. Interviewer: Tell us about, go on with the…. Mr. Jackoboice: T.W. Strahan was a very well known man of his generation, as was his son I believe Tom. I don‟t really know what T.W. stood for but, I believe that was his father. Among other things they had a clothing store in the city which was a very popular place way back around the turn of the century, immediately adjacent was the old Bertsch Hall which was owned the Bertsch family and they, it was a huge three story house and on the third floor there was a ballroom. And of course this house was, in its glory days, was a tremendous place later on it became very decadent and I believe was since destroyed. Interviewer: Is that the Barclay Ayres and Bertsch family or….? Mr. Jackoboice: No. I don‟t believe it‟s that family. Interviewer: I see. Is Mr. Jackoboice: I don‟t know exactly the original… Interviewer: Is it spelled B-E-R-T-S-C-H? Mr. Jackoboice: I think so, I believe so. And then there was a gentleman by the name of Mordyke who lived, also nearby. Mordyke used to tell me that he once, was offered a partnership with Steketee of the department store, but he thought it was too much of a risk and rejected it. Much, I think, to his regret. Immediately next door to us was Anton Hirth who was a stone cutter and who was responsible for much of the stone work on the older buildings of Grand Rapids. And this particularly interesting to me because my grandfather Hake, provided the bond which was necessary for Mr. Hirth to get his first big contract, which was, I believe, on the old original Central High School, later to become Junior College on the corner of Lyon Street and.. Interviewer: And Ransom or Barclay? Mr. Jackoboice: Barclay, I believe, and Lyon. It is partly, it has been pretty much torn down the last few years and only the gymnasium of a much later vintage survives. In the area also, was Kutsche of the hardware store. And Kutsche, until he became an old man, was still very, very active in the business. It was later taken over by the firm of Brander and they‟re down on Leonard Street now. There was also Powers who built, the Powers Theatre, now the Mid-Town, but for many, many years housed the leading legitimate theatrical events of the city. He also owned the Powers and Walker Casket Company. And also in their area were the Knapes, of the Knape and Vogt Manufacturing Company, the family home was there. Liebermann of the �12 Liebermann and Gitlen Metal Company lived very modestly although he was certainly a very wealthy man in his time, lived also nearby. There was, Gill whose son Corrington Gill later became assistant Secretary of Commerce of the United States. There was a Drueke who is well known in the city now as the manufacturer of chess men. Also, Wurzburgs, of the department store lived, just a block away and I think that the, some of the problems of identifying the Wurzburg families and I emphasize the plurality is that according to my information Mr. Wurzburg was married three times. Each wife in turn died, but by each wife he had five children. And I think one of the, incidentally, our city commissioner, Abe Drasin, also lived around the corner and I was, I think, very much intrigued by the ethnic mix of the neighborhood at that time because many of the people have attained some measure of importance and significance in the community in later years, I grew up with and I think that would be true in other neighborhoods also, but I think that is especially significant to me. I think one of the most fascinating, and I‟m sure one of the most controversial figures I‟ve ever known, lived directly across the street and that was Edward N. Barnard sometimes know as Bernard, but we always knew him as Ed Barnard. Ed became, he was perhaps one of the youngest men ever to graduate from the University of Michigan Law school, graduating, I think when he was nineteen years of age, he became prosecuting attorney and there were a few problems involved with his tenure of office because it seemed that the electorate weren‟t too happy because he was away from his office more than he was present. Later on, Ed went to Detroit, Michigan and down there he attained considerable political prominence, both as a lawyer and also as a confidant and ally of Frank McKay. And I believe that between that Frank McKay with Ed Barnard ran the state of Michigan politically for twenty five years. Now I didn‟t know Ed legally, I knew him as a neighbor and I knew him socially. And I knew many of the nice things about Ed Barnard and those things I can never forget. For example, one day when my mother was sitting on the front porch of her house, Ed Barnard arrived and his house, which was staffed by a housekeeper, was in pretty bad decay so far as painting was concerned. So my mother said: “Ed, why don‟t you paint that house?” And Ed Barnard replied: “Well, Helen (my mother), why should I, I‟m never here?” And she said: “Because I sit here and have to look at it.” And he said: “I never thought of it that way, Helen.” That was Friday afternoon. Monday morning there were five painters there. But that‟s the way Ed Barnard was. When he died, according to the story, he left five Cadillacs, he had an estate in Detroit, complete with bridle paths and boat wells, yet he did not live there, he lived at a very modest apartment in the, I believe the Fort Shelby Hotel and took most of his meals over the slab of a soda fountain. And he had a chauffeur by the name of Henry, to whom he promised many things but, I think Henry never got much more than his thirty five dollars a week. And yet, Ed would be tremendously generous with other people. He, when he died, left several deposit boxes, and in these boxes for the most part was nothing but money. Bills to the amount of several million dollars, I think, the figure was around three. He also left one box that was solid with emeralds, diamonds, and significant pieces of expensive jewelry. The irony of the thing is that even though Ed Barnard was a lawyer, for many years a criminal lawyer, a practice which his father very much frowned against, because his father Bertram was sent here from Boston and he �13 was a very strict and ardent believer in the Bible and frankly supported missionaries around the world, Bertram, his father told me personally, that he was aghast at Ed‟s practice and told him unless he became involved in a more legitimate type of operation that, he would have to limit his visits, and Ed for all his failings, if you choose to call them that, adored his father. And Ed went to corporation law. And he would often ask me to visit him in Detroit. But Ed was really an egomaniac. He would use a person as a display for himself and you can refer to the rather interesting articles that appeared upon his death. And I think they‟ll attest pretty much to this flamboyance and theatrical qualities; the irony of it is also that, Ed Barnhard died without a will. And most of that money that he had acquired, I believe was for one reason or another contested by the Internal Revenue Service. How much of it went to the family, I really don‟t know. Interviewer: Did he have a family of his own? Mr. Jackoboice: Ed Barnhard was married very briefly to a lady by the name of Estelle Skinner. The Skinners were a very, very fine and well regarded family in the city. I believe they were married for a year for I am guessing, but perhaps a year and they were divorced. From this union they had one child. Why were they divorced, I don‟t know but, whenever Ed Barnard would return to Grand Rapids, he would always, literally have a date with his divorced wife and, you would think they were on their honeymoon. They were ardently, appeared to be ardently in love and yet, I guess they couldn‟t live together. She owned, I believe the Manufacturers building downtown, is that it… Interviewer: Which building is that….? Mr. Jackoboice: That‟s where Junior College had its offices down. It was a display, it was a Interviewer: You mean in that, farther down… Mr. Jackoboice: Yes, across from Klingmans, in that area. Interviewer: Yes, I know where it is…. Mr. Jackoboice: Yes, and that was owned by the Skinner family and Ed Barnard later on, through his wife who had died, and by the way, Ed couldn‟t have been more gracious, more beneficent to anybody than he was to his wife. She had a malignancy, I think a bone malignancy, bone cancer and he hired the best specialist in the country and provided her with every need. Ed was also marvelous to his mother. And his mother by the way was a brother, sister I should say of Frank Knox who was later Secretary of the Navy of the United States and I believe Vice President. And whenever, Ed was in town, Frank quite often would visit him. And so we did have some rather significant nationally known neighbors even back, forty some years ago. Ed always regarded us as a friend and I liked him tremendously. He was eccentric, he was a maverick, he was exciting, and I tell you, there was never a dull day when Ed was home visiting with his father and his mother and sisters. �14 Interviewer: Let‟s go back to you a little bit, where did you first go to school? And tell us about your school life. Mr. Jackoboice: I personally, attended Saint Mary‟s Parochial School, which is a Catholic school and all the morning classes in those years were in German until the beginning of World War One, when it was not considered patriotic to continue the use of the German language, as I mentioned earlier, my father and mother both spoke fluent German: I spoke reasonably good German until I was seven or eight years old. I continued on at Saint Mary‟s and then I went to Catholic Central High School. I played football there. I later went to Davenport Institute then known as the Davenport-McLaughlin Institute, a business school for a year, then I went on to the University of Notre Dame where I graduated in nineteen thirty one, in the department of journalism. And it‟s perhaps you wonder how I could reconcile journalism and the machinery business. Well, one is an avocation, the business I grew up in ever since I was a lad, I would spend much of my free time down at the factory either making toys and boats on the band saws and sometimes cutting my fingers in the process, but I did continue and graduated in journalism and upon my graduation from Notre Dame in nineteen thirty one, I entered the business in, I‟d been active there ever since. My three sons are also in the business as is my brother and his son James. Interviewer: I‟d like to go back again ad ask you about that period of life when you were at Saint Mary‟s and perhaps at Catholic Central also. Did you have what, what was your social life like in those days? Or when you were little did you, were your friends confined to your immediate neighborhood or did you, when you went to Catholic Central did you meet an entirely different, new group of people, just give me some thoughts on that if you will. Mr. Jackoboice: Thank you, when I was at, when I was growing up, I was very fortunate to have had, to have through my parents and my family connections, an acquaintanceship with a great many of the older residents of the city, the older families. And frankly, these names that I, of which I speak, there are many, many more which have so far been unmentioned, because of the time limitations…were frankly dinner table conversation. And because of that, with my father and mother who were very knowledgeable on many things, we enjoyed a great family life, and we travelled a great deal and that continued all through my youth. Later on of course when I was in high school, pretty much the same pattern of life prevailed except that then I was in my teens. Later on when I attended the University of Notre Dame, I became, I suppose more nationally minded because of the national character of the school. Most of the students there were from areas other than the Midwest, I don‟t say all of them, but a great many of them were from all over the United States plus many foreign lands. It‟s also perhaps of some interest in connection with Notre Dame that my grandfather, William F. Hake and my grandmother Mrs. Hake traveled extensively to Europe and is believed that on one of these trips they met Father Edward Sorin, who was the founder of the University of Notre Dame. And because my grandfather then had nine sons, he enjoyed this connection very much and all nine sons went to Notre Dame University and for many years it was perhaps the largest single family, to have attended Notre �15 Dame. Gregori the famous Italian artist who painted the murals, in the main building and in the church and also in the Golden Dome also painted life-size portraits of my grandfather and grandmother. These portraits now are in our home. The original organ at the old Sacred Heart Church at Notre Dame was bought by my grandfather and presented to Saint Mary‟s Church in Grand Rapids, where it remained until it was replaced, oh probably thirty years ago. It was a tremendous instrument and I don‟t think that the organists ever were equal to its wide range of pipes and possibilities. But that relationship of Notre Dame University and its principals prevailed for many years. When my grandfather and grandmother would be at the University they would share a suite in the administration building down there as a special guest of the president and the staff of the University. When my grandfather died, a delegation came from the University to pay tribute to him, at his funeral. Interviewer: I‟d like to go on a little further. Now your family, up to a certain point, pretty much lived on the West Side but you‟re not, you haven‟t lived there for a long time and when did people begin to move out of that area, members of your family, that is? Mr. Jackoboice: We continued to live on the West Side, I did until my marriage on June 17th 1936 to Helen Gast, who was the daughter of Peter and Emily Gast, were I‟m sure, a well known family in business and society in the city. We lived for a very brief period of time, after our marriage on the west side near John Ball Park. Later we moved on Auburn Avenue and then for the last, approximately twenty five years, we‟ve lived here at Park Hills Drive, in a suburb known as Cascadia, which is immediately, which is in Grand Rapids Township and directly across from East Grand Rapids. But we‟re living in a pastoral area which is a very fine neighborhood and one, where my three sons were raised and fortunately two of the three are now, also our neighbors and each case living only two blocks away. My oldest son lives in Spring Lake. And then of course, he enjoys it very much down there too. Interviewer: I‟m rather interested in your house; it‟s a very beautiful home. I don‟t believe you built it, is that correct? Mr. Jackoboice: This house is one of the oldest in this particular residential area. It was built, I would believe, in the middle nineteen twenties. I understand that the man who began it, at that period of time, had extravagant ideas and somehow, was not able to finance it adequately so he left it uncompleted and sold it to a man by the name of Alex Sergeant. Alex, with his wife and his son Snover(?) and daughter Phyllis, lived here until we acquired it and we have added to it quite significantly, we‟ve added where we‟re sitting now, a library in walnut, which is a very beautiful room and I say that not so much in tribute to me but, in a tribute to Warren Rindge who, was probably one of the finest of the traditional architects that this city has ever known. Warren was educated abroad among other things and is, and to attest to his ability he was also on the State Historical Commission and his particular emphasis was on historic doings of Mackinac Island. You‟ll see his name mentioned up there and he often attended the meetings at the island, at the Grand Hotel. Warren died about a year ago and his wife died, just very recently. But he �16 was a tremendous architect for this type of traditional building and it certainly, every time I told him in his lifetime and I remind myself afterwards, that its one of the more significant things that, I think he‟s done. Interviewer: Now, I know you have a large family and, have many cousins in addition to your immediate family but, and I‟m sure that your family and your business take a good deal of your time but [do] you have other social interests or clubs that you belong to that you enjoy in Grand Rapids? Mr. Jackoboice: Yes, I belong to the Peninsular Club where I‟ve been a member many years. I belong to Cascade Hills Country Club, I also belong to the Sierra Club and I have been a member of Hidden Valley at Gaylord for many, many years. I think I have a little sand in my shoes because I love to travel much to my wife‟s dismay at times because she said she can go to Vienna probably easier than she can to Toronto. But, over the years, beginning in nineteen thirty, I traveled to Europe and in the trip of nineteen thirty and again in nineteen thirty-four; I traveled by bicycle throughout Western Europe and in some of the areas what are now back of the Iron Curtain. But I knew those, I knew the area then, when it was an independent, they were independent countries like Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria, and Poland. I did not get into Russia although I tried because at that time the United States did not recognize the Soviet Union. Even though we had the co-operation of the State Department, we were a little bit reluctant to go because of the hazardous, political situation. But nevertheless we did, with a friend travel by bicycle throughout Western Europe. Then again in nineteen thirty-four, I made a similar trip alone, taking in many of the areas that I missed the first time. Subsequently I have been around the world, traveling throughout the Orient into Malaysia, Indonesia, India, up in Afghanistan, Iran, throughout the Mediterranean countries, all of Western Europe, quite a few times. And I enjoy it immensely and like to read and reminisce about these areas because I think that when you have memories and have an interest in foreign lands, you have an interest in people and you recognize their good qualities of all these races and nationalities. And I think it‟s a tremendous advantage, in both in your business and your way of looking at life. You get a really a philosophy of life rather than psychology of living. And I think there‟s a big difference in that term. Interviewer: I‟d like to go back and cover an area that I should have covered, should have asked you about a little bit earlier. Grand Rapids was one of those cities during the depression that was fairly hard hit, especially the furniture industry. Was your business badly affected at that time? Mr. Jackoboice: Yes, certainly it was affected and I might add that I learned more basic lessons in economics than I ever did in all the economics, or business courses that I ever pursued at the university. You learned many things that were not taught in books and it‟s been most helpful in my business career ever since. We of course, Grand Rapids was severely disturbed at that time by the economic problems of its day, but in the overall, I don‟t think I ever had more fun, on a more modest budget, and I think that was true of any of our contemporaries, and I‟m speaking of �17 course, of the interviewer also. We were, everybody was pretty much in the same financial plight, so I think people then would boast how little they earned a week rather than how much. Business-wise, we did at the time a considerable business with governmental agencies and of course, they were, their obligations were either deferred or denied completely and so it was a long time before the businesses in general became solvent and life became to assume a little different hue. I‟m not going to say that one way is more pleasant than the other. I think each has its place in our lives and I‟m sure that we‟re all, we all who have lived through the depression and we‟re better for it. Do you agree with that? Interviewer: Well. I don‟t remember it as vividly as you do, but I think I do, I do have that rather, some rather vivid memories and I think, some of my younger friends would behave a little differently if they had known what I knew in those days. One other, and we‟re sort of running out of time at this point, and I‟d like to ask a question, sort of a general question which I‟ve phrased in different ways when I‟ve talked to other people. And the question is this: What do you think is the most significant change in the city or in the country or in the world that you can recognize in your lifetime? Is that too difficult a question? Mr. Jackoboice: Well, with reverence, probably is so broad it‟s flat, and I think anybody who could answer that completely could copyright the formula and retire for a life on the income. But, I think that somehow, people are, I think, that the pride of accomplishment and the pride of doing a good job, no matter how humble it is, is quite lost in today‟s society. And there‟s too much of the attitude of „what‟s in it for me?‟ Which up to a point, I suppose reasonable to expect where economics have a very viable part of our lives, however I think life would be much more pleasant and enjoyable and the economic gains would follow if people were more dedicated to their lives and to their work, they would, in spite of themselves profit by it. Interviewer: I‟ve got another question, I haven‟t asked this one but, I think you are young enough to look towards the future, some of the other people I‟ve interviewed have really been very close to the end of their lives. I wonder what you think about the future of Grand Rapids. Mr. Jackoboice: Well, I think, the future of Grand Rapids is tremendous. I‟m a little bit awed by your preface about this item of age. You can be either in the old age of your youth or in the youth of your old age. I think, I prefer to be in my youth of old age Philosophically you can say well there‟s, if you can say the glass is half empty that‟s bad, if you say it‟s half full, that‟s great. Well, I believe it‟s half full. Grand Rapids for the future, I would personally love to see a revitalization, resurgence of the downtown area of Grand Rapids. I have longed been the champion of that. And I think it‟s too bad that the thing has been permitted to deteriorate. Now, I know that economics, over which many have had no control have entered into this problem, but that the same people who probably permitted it to happen, should also be instrumental in its revival. And I think, that it‟s some of these things really are quite basic and I think, the pursuit of these, better things is, such as have long been planned should be finalized and I really don‟t think that there is too much difficulty once, and I think this is an important thing, once you make a �18 start. It‟s just like when people, when a man on an autumn afternoon rakes the leaves, pretty soon a dozen other people are doing the same thing because they‟re more or less inspired by his example. Maybe in some measure that‟s what could happen to our city. Interviewer: Well, thank you Mr. Jackoboice, George, for this very interesting interview. This will go into the archives of the Grand Valley, Grand Valley State Colleges, and who knows, perhaps somebody will be listening to our voices a hundred years hence or perhaps, later even than that. Well, but we‟ll never; we won‟t live long enough to know, I think we‟ll conclude it now. INDEX B Barclay Ayres Family · 12 Barnard, Ed · 13, 14 Bertsch Family · 11, 12 Bertsch Hall · 11 C Hidden Valley at Gaylord · 17 Hirth, Anton · 12 J Jackoboice, Edward Joseph (Father) · 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 Jackoboice, Helen Gast (Wife) · 1, 5, 16 Jackoboice, Helen Matilda Hake (Mother) · 3, 4, 6, 10, 13, 15 Jackoboice, Joseph (Grandfather) · 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Jackoboice, Uncle George · 8 Cascade Hills Country Club · 17 Catholic Central High School · 15 Clancy, John · 2 Cody Hotel · 9 K D Klingmans · 14 Knape and Vogt Manufacturing Company · 12 Knox, Frank · 14 Kusterer, Mr. · 4 Kutsche, Mr. · 12 Davenport Institute · 15 Detroit Free Press · 2 Drasin, Abe · 13 G Gill, Corrington · 12 Grand Rapids Public Museum · 10 H Hake, Clara · 5 Hake, Dr. William F. · 3, 4 Hake, Louis F. · 3 Hake, William F. (Grandfather) · 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 16 Hanchett, John · 2 L Liebermann and Gitlen Metal Company · 12 Livingston Hotel · 9 M Machinery Company · 1, 10 Marshall Field Family · 2 McKay, Frank · 13 Miller, Louisa Schletter · 5, 6 Miller, Mr. · 5 Mordyke, Mr. · 12 �19 P Peninsular Club · 17 Powers and Walker Casket Company · 12 R Rasch, Frances (Grandmother) · 7, 8 Reed‟s Lake · 8 Rindge, Warren · 17 S Saint Mary‟s Parochial School · 15 Schettler, Anna-Maria (Grandmother) · 2, 5, 16 Sergeant, Alex · 17 Sierra Club · 17 Skinner Family · 14 Skinner, Estelle · 14 Sorin, Father Edward · 16 Steketee's · 12 Strahan, T.W. · 11 Studebaker, Helen · 6 U University of Notre Dame · 6, 15, 16 V Voigt, Clara · 3, 4 Von Dreisen, Count · 6 W Wurzburg, Mr. · 13 Wurzburg‟s · 12 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d03981b367b88f09d26c9d27366abcb6.mp3 a872d47800d66102aaa050b78c392d1f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Local histories Memoirs Michigan--History Oral histories (document genre) Description An account of the resource Taped and transcribed interviews conducted in the early 1970s primarily of the children and grandchildren of many of the founders of Grand Rapids, Michigan; many of whom were residents of the Heritage Hill neighborhood. Interviews were collected to develop a significant collection of oral resources that would supplement other primary and secondary local history materials. Initially funded as a private project, Grand Valley State College (now University) assumed responsibility for continuing the project until 1977. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/452">Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf; audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text; Sound Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1971 - 1977 Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23_43Jackaboice Title A name given to the resource Jackoboice, George Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jackoboice, George Description An account of the resource George Jackoboice was born in 1908. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1931. He was a member of the Peninsular club and the Cascade Hills Country Club. He co-owned the family business, Monarch Road Machinery Co. He died on January 10, 1987. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan--History Local histories Memoirs Oral histories (document genre) Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Grand Valley State University Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf audio/mp3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/75871852da12a24507e7300a349d17b0.mp4 64d9d5db5d4ca585b6086770bbc3654b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6ca74fed78420d91dd86aeea2a87fcfb.pdf 0673d95bf3295d17702c4e714688fb67 PDF Text Text Jackson, Elmer Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: World War II Interviewee’s Name: Elmer Jackson Length of Interview: (1:37:50) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Maluhia Buhlman Interviewer: “We’re talking today with Elmer Jackson of Decatur, Michigan and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay now Mr.Jackson begin with some background on yourself, to begin with where and when were you born?” I was a farm boy, born in the house that we lived in back in the day when they had midwives and that kind of thing and went to school– Country school, one room school that they taught eight grades and you walked to school and back home because we didn’t have buses then. (00:58) Interviewer: “In what year were you born?” In 1925. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and how far away from school did you live?” One and a quarter mile. Interviewer: “Okay, and did your family own a farm?” They were buying it, they owned it. Interviewer: “Okay, and now you’re growing up during the depression, were they able to keep the farm in the 30s?” �Jackson, Elmer It was tough going, I know about that, farm boys and there were three of us and yes it was tough. You had good days and bad days and when you had a thousand pigs and horses and ducks and chickens and they all gotta be taken care of day and night– Morning and night, and I then graduated from eighth grade in that school and went to Decatur high school and– For four years. Interviewer: “Okay, now were you in high school when Pearl Harbor happened?” Yes. Interviewer: “And how did you learn about Pearl Harbor?” It was on a Sunday that it was on the radio, and we had a poor excuse for radio at that time, and then when I went to school the next day it was like it was eerie because everybody was aware. Interviewer: “Now before Pearl Harbor were you paying attention to the news from the world and the war in Europe, that kind of thing?” (3:02) No. Interviewer: “Okay, so it’s a pretty big shock when we–” Yeah I’d say so. Interviewer: “Alright, now at that point you weren’t old enough to serve.” Not at that– ‘41, 1941 no. Interviewer: “Okay, and then did– Now how did– Did the war change things in Decatur?” �Jackson, Elmer During the war no one on Earth would know what this country did to win this war, everybody– With few exceptions, and every– We were talking about this yesterday, piece of scrap in the country was saved and even little kids were saving the foil off their chewing gum and everybody was determined they were going to win this war, period, and then didn’t matter what they had to do. Interviewer: “Okay, now your family had a farm, did you get extra gas for the farm?” It was rationed. Interviewer: “Yeah.” I’ve got some coupons at home and everything was rationed, sugar, it was– Even tires were recapped, you couldn’t buy a new one and you did what you had to do, everybody did. Interviewer: “Okay, now did farmers swap with each other? Would they trade meat for vegetables or things like that?” (4:44) Everybody did whatever that needed to be done, didn’t matter a darn thing it was that way. Interviewer: “Alright, now did you want to enlist in the military at some point?” In the senior year I tried to enlist in the Air Force, because I was 50% colorblind they wouldn’t take me. So when I graduated I just, instead of enlisting or being drafted at that time my dad wanted me to help that summer on the farm. So I did and it was a year later when they drafted me. Interviewer: “Okay, so when did they draft you?” That was on August the 30th in ‘44. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Alright and after you got the draft notice did you have to report right away or did you wait till after the harvest?” I don’t remember exactly but it wasn’t very long after I was– That I got the notice and seven of us left this town on the same day. Interviewer: “Did you need to deal with them or– Alright, and now where did they send you for basic training?” Texas, Camp Wood. Interviewer: “Camp Wood, Texas. Alright, how did they get you there?” Well first of all I was inducted in Detroit, from Paw Paw to Detroit, from Detroit where they told you to take one step forward and you were in the Army and they put us on a train and sent us back to Fort Sheridan, Illinois, went right back through this town and we stayed in Sheridan for two weeks doing some basics and everything till they put us on a train and sent us to Texas. (7:00) Interviewer: “Okay, how long did it take to get from Fort Sheridan to Texas?” I’ll tell you what it seemed like Arkansas was the biggest state in the United States because we went from one corner to the other and it was slow, slow, slow, I don’t know how long it took it took it was just agonizing going. Interviewer: “Alright, and was it hot too?” And? Interviewer: “Was it hot, was the weather hot?” �Jackson, Elmer When we got down there yes it was hot, in fact during basic there was even– I remember one or two that dropped out of march because they were passed out. Yes it was very, very hot and we marched in the hot. Interviewer: “Alright, and then what else did you do in basic training, you did marching and what else?” You did a lot of things, the most memorable was towards the end of basics was the infiltration course and that was the most miserable. They had a wire web over a– Well it ended up being a crawl space and it was rainy, muddy, and you crawled up under that wire and under the wire on your belly and they were firing blanks I’m sure but supposedly right over your head. Interviewer: “Now did they have tracers so you could see the fire going over?” It was at night, there was enough light to see, that was all. (8:55) When I got out of there, there was a creek not far away and I jumped in the creek clothes and all because I was a filthy muddy mess. Interviewer: “Alright, and then how much emphasis was there on discipline, on following orders?” Oh boy, you had no choice, if he said “Do this.” Do it, and anybody that was not obeying did 50 push ups or marched another ten miles or whatever they could think of to– Yes. Interviewer: “Okay, now how easy was it for you to adjust to being in the Army?” I can’t say it was ever easy, again you just did what you were told period, or else you ended up on KP or– Interviewer: “Okay, so you learned that pretty fast?” �Jackson, Elmer Well you learn faster when you’re the one in trouble. Interviewer: “Okay, now how long did the basic training last?”] It was supposed to be three months, August, September– I think it was three months or fours months, I don’t know now and they took– Because of the Battle of the Bulge they took us out of basic a week early and told us we had ten days to get out to the east coast, I can’t think of the camp out there. Interviewer: “Did you– Well you–” From there to Camp Shanks, New York. Interviewer: “Okay, did you go to Fort Meade, Maryland?”] That’s what it was. (10:45) Interviewer: “That was in your article yeah.” That’s where it was, went from Texas to Meade to– Interviewer: “Camp Shanks?” Shanks, thank you. Interviewer: “Yeah, did you do any training at Fort Meade or did you just wait?” I wasn’t there, I had a pass I remember, that’s about all. It was awful short cause that Battle of the Bulge was pushing everything. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Alright, okay and then when you get to Camp Shanks do you remember how long you stayed there?” I think about overnight or something like that because I remember with the thing we stayed in there were half a dozen other guys or something like that. I wanted a pass I remember, down to the city, and they told me I couldn’t have it because they were moving us out soon, I think I was there one night or something like that. Interviewer: “Okay, and then what ship did they put you on?” The Queen Mary, second biggest ship in the world. Interviewer: “Okay, and what kind of accommodations did they have on that ship?” I always heard there was 18,000 men on that ship, they had stripped that ship bare and promenade which is practically outdoors in January as it leaves New York. (12:25) We had a room a little bit bigger– Little bigger than that office, with nine men in it, I was on promenade and we were supposed to trade off with third deck down every other night. Well it was so cold on promenade you didn’t sleep much so the guys who were supposed to be on third deck traded with us every other night. Then we thought we were smart and we tried to put us all on third deck and that didn’t work very well but the ship, and the first two three days started down south ways and it got so it wasn’t so uncomfortable on promenade but– And it normally took that ship five days to get to Europe– To England, and because they were changing course every four minutes to miss the submarines, the submarines were out there but we changed course every four minutes so that we wouldn’t run into them, and so it took seven days and we ended up landed in Glasgow, Scotland. Interviewer: “Okay, now did your ship sail by itself or did you have escorts?” Or what? �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Did you have escorts with you or was the ship by itself?” The Queen Mary didn’t use escorts, I understand the other ships that were smaller did but not the Queen Mary. Interviewer: “It was supposed to be fast enough that the subs couldn’t catch it.” Yes, faster than the submarines. Interviewer: “And I guess it worked because they didn’t sink it.” They didn’t run into them but guess they knew what they were doing. Interviewer: “Alright, okay so what happens when you get to Scotland?” There was a great big warehouse or something that all the men, after we got off the ship, the men all got in this big warehouse and then it wasn’t very long, I don’t know if it was– I don’t think we even stayed there overnight but we were put on train down to Southampton. (14:40) Interviewer: “And then did you stay in Southampton or did they just put you on ships and– ” We were– It was very, very soon, I don’t think I even slept there, they put us on landing craft of some kind. I know the front drops and then you walked in water and then you got up on land finally and– And we ended up on train again, I don’t know– That escapes me a little bit. Interviewer: “Well if you landed on a beach you probably landed on Omaha beach because we used that as–” No that was– Went across the English channel. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Yeah.” I never knew what beach. Interviewer: “Cause that was a regular place for us to land people long after D-Day so you might have been there. Other places– If you went to Le Havre you might have gone into the harbor.” It didn’t look like anything. Interviewer: “Yeah, okay but they built rail lines right out there so.” And part of the time there wasn’t enough light, daylight or otherwise, to see where you were going or what you were doing. You just did what you’re told, that's what I keep saying. Interviewer: “Alright, now according to your records you crossed the Atlantic at the end of January 1945. So this is gonna be now beginning of February that they’re shipping you towards the front lines.” (16:16) Well we were up– I joined the outfit on the Maas river. Interviewer: “Okay and what outfit did you join, what unit?” Well it was the 75th and the regiment I told you. Interviewer: “Yeah but that’s– You didn’t tell me on camera, so.” 75th division. Interviewer: “Right, and what regiment?” �Jackson, Elmer 291st Infantry Regiment and it was– They took us to the front in trucks with those little tiny lights on them and I can remember because there were big guns going off and the flashes were showing the men all over the acreage and I was put to a house on the beach on the Maas River. There was a house there that the outfit had been badly shot up and they put me on guard there on the first night, enough to scare you to death, and here I am out there all night standing in the dark, had a password, that was my first night. Interviewer: “Now did you have any trouble that first night?” No, as it happened I didn’t. Interviewer: “Okay, and then in the morning what do they do with you?” We started down some path, I don’t know where, and went into some Dutch home or something and those people were so appreciative of us being there they fell all over. (18:25) They insisted we sleep in their beds even, they’d been freed from the Germans and they’d do anything, nicest people, and then of course the next day we’re back going on the road and again and out there marching or whatever, just go, go, go. Interviewer: “Okay, now at this point were you– Did you have any fighting or was it just marching?” I don’t remember that there was any fighting at that time. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and what was the weather like?” It had been snow but I think the snow had just melted, it was still cold, awful cold. The beginning of the bulge was snow but I was at the last half or something, last– Maybe third, I don’t know. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Yeah, well as part of all the counter attacking, because in January and February we were pushing them back and attacking, by February when you got there we’re advancing pretty much all up and down the line, so it’s part of a big movement by a lot of units.” One of these things has a map, I didn’t fully understand it me myself because they never told us where we were going but we went, first one and then the other. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you joined your company did anybody try to show you the ropes or explain how things worked or were you on your own?” Practically on your own, one thing that I missed– Way back at somewhere, I don’t know where, was where they issued the weapons. Mine was an M-1 and you had to clean them in practically boiling water, they had a big tank in the campfire under it and they had– These weapons were covered with cosmoline I guess is the name, and you had to wash all that off and clean it up so you had your weapon working and that was premature to that other stuff that you’ve been telling. (21:05) I don’t know if it was right after we got into France or if was after we– Seemed like it was after we got into France but then back to Holland and through France and I thought by the looks of that map that I probably was through Luxembourg which I didn’t realize before, and you’d take one town and then another and that book– One of them, has that, in one of those pages has a name of a city that we took and I didn’t know it was in there until here about three, four weeks ago when I had time to read it and it tells about the city’s name and everything. I was there, there wasn’t any questions about it. Did you find it? Interviewer: “Yeah, well I’m looking– Basically you were, your division fought mostly on the north side of the bulge originally and then they moved them south. So you would have gone through Luxembourg just like you said and then you get to a place called Adelsheim on first of February and–” A lot of those pictures you saw were taken during the pauses between battles. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “And then you’re now– Your division supported the French at a certain point in the Colmar pocket area and then went on to the Rhine from there. Do you ever remember meeting any French troops or seeing any of them?” That was always a sore point because you never knew or understood why they didn’t try harder to protect themselves and keep it from– Keep the Germans from– Interviewer: “Well, yeah well the historians have figured out they actually did try pretty hard they just did it badly.” Well the French mostly were underground or many of them were killed because they were spies for the allies. Interviewer: “Yeah, that was– Well that’s sort of later on but at the beginning of the war the French did fight they just got beat, and then during the war some of them collaborated, some of them helped the allies, some of them didn’t do anything but I was asking about the French army, the free French army.” (23:58) I don’t know anything about them. Interviewer: “Okay, you didn’t see them. Okay, alright but you were noting– You said you thought you moved through Luxembourg and it looks like you did so you did a lot of moving.” Yes. Interviewer: “And then as you get into February and then you start to fight and eventually move towards the Rhine River.” Took them, had those battles and moved on and then we ended up down to the Rhine River. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Right, now before you got to the Rhine River did you see any combat yourself?” Well that one in there is on paper, it’s in there, no question about it. Interviewer: “Okay, but what do you remember about that?” I remember that one so well and apparently there were several others but the only two that I know about are that one and probably another one that was at Dortmund and then we moved up on the other side of where we– At the river after the crossing, but they started crossing 36 hours before we did. Interviewer: “Okay, well let’s back up a little bit, before you cross the Rhine what do you remember about– Do you remember being in one particular battle before you went to Germany?” (25:25) I don’t remember. Interviewer: “Okay, you were telling me you were–” That was so confusing, as far as I was concerned all I know is I followed the rules and we took one town and then another and you couldn’t even give all the names. Interviewer: “Alright, now within your unit what was your job, were you just a rifleman at that point?” That’s all. Interviewer: “Okay, and–” Foot soldier. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Yeah, now do you remember the first time you got shot at?” Yeah, the first time was when we were crossing an open field, it was kind of getting it dark it was probably six or seven o’clock at night and it was– Had started to get dark and we had an open field to go to to get to a barn on the other side, and here’s a whole company. Gotta get over there quick while it’s daylight enough to see and we were running across the field and there was another guy that was about as close to me as you are to me, and we were running side by side and he got shot through the hand and I hit the ground and so did he. He went into shock there, no question, and it was getting, like I said, getting dark and I got up and beat it to the barn and a couple of guys went out and got this guy and I never saw him again, I don’t know what ever happened to him. Went back I’m sure, but that was how close I come– I never knew for sure if the guy was aiming at me or this guy because here we are side by side. Interviewer: “May have just been shooting in your general direction.” Yeah. (27:22) Interviewer: “Okay, and when you were in some of these actions I mean could you see the enemy or just hear the gunshots?” We knew they were out there because they were shooting at us, I didn’t see them at that time, no. Interviewer: “Okay, and when you’re going through Belgium and France and Luxembourg and so forth what did the towns or the buildings look like?” Well those pictures that are in that album shows you homes and places over there, and they didn’t build them like we do and many of them are brick and stone and what have you anyway but at some point they had to use some other means to build this house and so many of them were blown to shreds anyway but– Interviewer: “Okay, and did you see many civilians or were they out of sight?” �Jackson, Elmer The one place that we crossed another opening and it was like Benton Harbor, St.Joe but they were separated by a– Probably from here to the Dollar General over there, and you had to go across there. I never could figure out why they made us go across there, there was the woods over there and a bunch of other stuff over here but go. Well you got about halfway and then the Germans opened up, grenades and rifle fire, and of course you hit the ground as fast as you can, or faster and you finally got up and got over to the other side. There was an embankment and I was down on the ground before that embankment and I could look over and see that there was a house over there and every once and a while a G.I would go out there and there’s a table sitting out there below a window. I don’t know why the window was so high but I guess it’s the way it was built, anyway I did what I saw the others do, I went over, jumped up on the table and dove through the window. The guy inside says “You wanna kill yourself?” I said “I’d rather die that way.” And yes there were civilians in that house in the basement, I briefly saw them, then the sergeant– It was dark now, then the sergeant picked two to go make contact with some other group. (30:27) Fine, but they picked me and another guy, I had no more idea where I was going, what I was doing and it was pitch dark out there. Scared? Yes, the other guy went out the window and I never saw him again, I don’t know where he went, but I didn’t know what direction to go or anything. So I went back down over that embankment that I just come up over anyway and just followed as best I could in the dark and I must have gone a quarter of a mile or something before I could see– Make the outline of a house or something, and I started using the password thinking someone was gonna challenge me somewhere, and I kept saying it and no one would answer I didn’t know what the devil, I figured well maybe it was Germans. So I kept going and went up to the house even and started to open the door and I can see there was candles burning inside. I open the door a little more and here’s G.Is laying all over the floor, they were sleeping, there wasn’t even room for me. So there was a table over there, somewhere, wasn’t very big at least half as big as this one, and I went over and got up on that table and went to sleep, I’d had enough for one day, but they got us out and the whole gang we went right back by the house that I was in the night before and I– When we got to the front of the house there were two G.Is dead on the ground, one was Melnick and one was Wynn, I don’t know which way, because I went over and looked at their dog tags while we were pacing off to the next whatever, and there was a big hole in the front of that house. It wasn’t there last night, I’m lucky I might �Jackson, Elmer have been and I assume some German sent a missile or something right into the front of that house. I don’t know if it killed anybody else but it killed those two without a doubt, I think they said they were from headquarters or something but that was war. Then I remember another– Dortmund I guess it was when you went into that and I remember going over a railroad track and moving on– I don’t know where we’re headed, there’s too much to remember I don’t know. Interviewer: “Okay, well let’s– To back up a little bit, so you were– Do you remember crossing the Rhine River?” Yeah that was the dark and what I thought was a huge row boat but it was a motor boat of some kind but it might have had, eight, ten men in it or something and you can hear the Germans sending shells out over the window trying to keep us from getting over there I guess, and you sweat it out because you– And here it’s dark because the only thing that was keeping us from somebody aiming at us. Interviewer: “When you got to the other side were there already Americans there?” (34:28) Well let’s see, 36 hours later? Interviewer: “Yeah” Yes there were Americans there, I don’t know if they were very far away. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and then did you go into combat from there or–” There was– I would consider combat any of this because you’re sweating, if there’s any sweat– One, this was interesting, one town that we were taking, it was probably three o’clock in the morning it was pitch dark and most of the night was gone and they had picked a whole lotta men and they put a bunch of men on one side of the road and a bunch of men on the other side and I don’t know why they picked me again to lead this group on this left side and it’s dark and you’re just taking short steps and listening, don’t make any noise and we got a little ways down the road �Jackson, Elmer and you could hear something coming. It’s dark and it sounded like steel wheels on a cart or wagon or something, and it certainly was, two Germans. I have to say they were– Must have been the dumbest Germans in the German army, brought this steel wheel cart with a machine gun on it, apparently out to watch the men coming in or something and the guy on the other side knew a little German, I didn’t but at night he says “Halt!” Which was German and of course they stopped, they were prisoners right now and I’d hate to have been in their shoes that’s all, and they signed a couple of our guys to take them back. That steel wheel cart was sure foolish I mean they had to know it was gonna be picked out quick. Interviewer: “Well they might not have known you were as close as you were.” I guess not, I don’t know but anyway we went on in and took that down and you just go you don’t get to say “I don't wanna.” You go, if they shoot you that’s your trouble, tough luck. Interviewer: “Alright, now as you’re advancing into Germany are you encountering any German tanks?” (37:31) There were German tanks shot up or destroyed alongside the roads from time to time and American tanks. Interviewer: “And then did you ever have tanks or tank destroyers that supported you?” No, I rode on one of the American tanks from one place to another once but that was the closest I even come to a tank that I can remember. Interviewer: “Alright, now there’s some point in your story when you were talking about digging emplacements for tank destroyers.” That was at the Rhine river. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Okay, can you describe that? I mean what you were doing, what the things looked like?” Well first of all we had to go down the river to where the next hole had to be dug, which was maybe from here to across the street even or wherever they had to have a hole for tank destroyers, and it’s dark and you’re digging a hole in the dark for a dang tank destroyer and it’s not a bicycle, it’s big. Interviewer: “Yeah, well is this the kind of thing it’s like a Sherman tank chassis with a big gun on top of it?” I couldn’t see it in the dark, anyway the tank destroyers weren’t there yet, we were getting ready for them. Interviewer: “Alright, now when you were fighting did you have artillery support?” (39:13) There were times we had artillery support, in fact I thought they were sending out artillery too close to us. Yes they go over and hit the Germans on the other side but you had to appreciate them because they were softening up the Germans on the other– And another thing that when we were crossing the land here’s these airplanes, B-17s going over by the hundreds and you couldn’t do anything, only appreciate them because they were bombing ahead of us and you felt pretty good they were up there I’ll tell you. Interviewer: “Okay, now did you have air support from fighter bombers or planes that were helping you, or did you just see the big high level bombers?” Maybe I didn’t understand. Interviewer: “Okay, were there aircraft that helped you directly like attacking like artillery did?” �Jackson, Elmer The closest that that ever came was a German plane was– I don’t know if he was looking for somebody or what but he flew over us and we jumped out of a troop truck of some kind that was moving us and run off the road and down the embankment to– But he never did anything. Interviewer: “Okay, alright now as you move into Germany you’re there sort of it’s March and April, spring now of ‘45 getting to the end of the war. Does the German resistance lighten up at all, does it get easier?” Well I’m sure they began to understand that it was a losing battle and yes I think it was a little bit softer war by that time than it was before. Interviewer: “Okay, and did your unit capture– Did you capture many prisoners?” When I was coming back to sleep in the daytime after being down at the river the prisoners would come up the road along by the house by the hundreds. (41:30) They were about four or five wide and as far as you could see there were German prisoners, yes. Interviewer: “Alright, and what did they look like, like how old were they, what kind of shape were they in?” I wasn’t paying attention, all I knew was they were German and I didn’t care what happened to them at that time. Interviewer: “Alright, and what kind of losses did your company take, did a lot of your men get killed or wounded or just a few?” Oh, far more of them did before I got into it because those outfits had like 12 men in a squad when they were full and maybe only five or six left in squad, this is the way it was when I went. Interviewer: “And then when you joined them then did you get back to full strength or were you under strength?” �Jackson, Elmer No, never got– As far as I know, now there’s pictures of the men from our squad and our company in there, and I don’t think we ever got back to full but the war didn’t last that much longer anyway but– Because it didn’t end until May. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and then do you know where your unit was– Where were you when the war ended?” I don’t know. Interviewer: “You were still in Germany.” I don’t know, yeah it would’ve been still Germany, yes. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and how did you learn about the German surrender?” (43:05) Hey as soon as one man knows that everybody else does, it’s like– Interviewer: “Okay, alright and then once the Germans surrendered now what do you do?” We were moved to occupation and the first bunch of us who ended up at a little town, or maybe it wasn’t so little I don’t know, that was called Bad Boll and that was a place where SS troops were trained. There’s a picture in one of these albums of the swimming pool was in there for SS troops, we got to stay there one or two nights that’s all then we were moved to the– Oh I thought that it looked like mountains but they’re probably just huge hills and I– This was a squad I guess was moved to town which wasn’t as big as this one called Fischerbach and we could sleep in those houses and occupy them, and that’s where others were going the towns around them like Decatur and Paw Paw and Lawrence and they got so they were playing ball with– Like you would here and the trouble was we won, and that was trouble then– �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Now so were you–” Because the winnings were schnapps and the mails and the schnapps came at the same time, those men– I didn’t drink and one guy from Pennsylvania didn’t drink but all the rest were so drunk in such a short time that they didn’t even all of them finish their mail or anything. They were just all out of it, there were two of them laying on cots or something downstairs throwing up all over themselves and one guy upstairs– I was upstairs that was supposed to be where I was staying, he was going throw me downstairs and I said– And he was called Big Stoop so he was big, I said “If I go, you’re going to.” But he never did. Interviewer: “Alright, how long did you stay there do you think?” Maybe a month, I don’t know, I [unintelligible] Interviewer: “And did you see much of the Germans, were the civilians around?” (46:22) There were civilians but they never saw war in the whole– Because it was way out away from the war, but they never saw war a minute I’m sure and they were friendly and nice but I don’t think they appreciated the fact that these drunks were out there using their weapons and we still had our weapons with us, shooting up and down– Excuse me, up and down the streets and acting like crazy, they had a couple of guys that were outside of town, I remember I and one other guy were in a jeep and went out around looking for the man, two of them were taking this town they were down on the ground in the grass, the war was over but they were taking this town. Just wild and they were so out of the war that anything went, that’s all. Interviewer: “Who was in charge of you, I mean did you have a squad leader or–” I don’t know, the– Johnson was the name of the one that was head of our squad but I don’t know anymore than that. Interviewer: “Okay, but he didn’t have very good control?” �Jackson, Elmer I don’t know, he might’ve been drunk too, I’m not sure. Interviewer: “Alright, and then you think that you stayed in that area about a month. Now did they have any rules for you about fraternizing with the Germans?” It was always don’t fraternize but after the war ended they got pretty careless, but I don’t remember anything going on at that place. Interviewer: “Okay, now you think you stayed in that place about a month, what happens after that?” We were transferred to, a camp I guess, Camp Baltimore? And they made me an MP, that’s in there and I wasn’t very happy being an MP I was out there giving tickets to men doing things that I would’ve done. (48:48) So I darn soon got moved and they put me in the office and I wasn’t very good at typing in high school so I was using the eraser a lot, and then they moved us– Moved me anyway, to must have been graves registration. Interviewer: “Okay, explain what that was.” Well first of all when I got there I didn’t even know what the outfit was, I didn’t know what they did or anything, I was as dumb as they could be and I was watching the guys playing cards in one of the buildings, down on the floor playing cards, and I’m listening to them talk and I’m getting the idea this is not a very good place to be and I went right out– While they were still talking, I went right out and went to headquarters, what they considered headquarters, looking for a bulletin board cause I wanna do something wildly different than what they’re talking about and on the bulletin board was a job for a driver. Oh boy, I gotta try, and I got the job there’s pictures in there of the weapons carrier I drove and I had a German build a cab on it, cause there was nothing over you, for two cartons of cigarettes that I didn’t smoke either. They were issued to us, wouldn’t they like to know how many of them died because of lung cancer that they issued the cigarettes, and the job was you had a driver, you had an interpreter, and the man that went �Jackson, Elmer with us was doing the job and one of the places they sent us– I don’t even remember all of them, was the British zone and we had a week to do our job and we’d go to this town and this town and that town, there’s a city whatever they happened to be, and you looked for the– What we would call the mayor they called them Bürgermeister for mayors, and you’d ask him if he knew of any place so that Americans might be buried, and he’d tell us where this and that might have Americans buried. In the first place we were just locating these things, not processing or anything but locating, and so they tell us where to go and look and we go and look and I remember one that was way out in the woods and apparently the G.I that was there was sitting in a foxhole and there was some kind of shell went off right in front of him and he just laid right back down and was dead, and they ended up digging him up but that other guy wasn’t doing anything like that. I wasn’t, I stood around and watched many times and I saw all kinds, most of them would be just buried in the ground, some of them died and Germans put them in graves and one of them in particular we went to where they thought there was an American and we found out from the civilians that they had put him in their cemetery and apparently they befriended him before he died. Probably an airplane and parachuted and hurt bad or something and died, and they befriended him they were angered with us because we took him out of his– Out of their cemetery back to be processed and put in cemetery where they belong but it was not unusual to see the darndest things and how people reacted. (53:32) They were driven and they were angry but they knew they didn’t have any choice so they let us go and if we had just called back and told them we needed they’d have all died, but anyway and there’s some that I just walked away from while they were digging them up or something cause I’d had enough, I’d seen enough, Interviewer: “So your seeing body parts and decomposed bodies–” I remember one that was buried in a homemade casket of sorts and them taking the cover off and it was just watery, messy bones and what have you, yeah I’d seen enough of it. Interviewer: “Alright, now when you were in Germany especially right at the end of the war, did you see any of the displaced persons, the people who had been forced laborers or German refugees moving around?” �Jackson, Elmer Well they would have been with the Germans because they were working for Germans, we didn’t have anybody. Interviewer: “Right, but then once the war was over they would try to get home and so they might– Sometimes some of them talk about running into American units or Americans see them. Okay, but you don’t remember anything like that?” Not in particular, no. Interviewer: “Did you see any of the prison camps or concentration camps?” The Americans had a prisoner of war camp and they had towers around it with guards, that’s another place I got told to go and stand guard on that one and here you are out there eight, ten, 12 hours standing guard and you get pretty tired of that. I know I went to sleep a couple of times and I was afraid I’d fall off the darn tower but the Germans were inside this camp that you were watching over and living in pup tents mostly. (56:00) Interviewer: “Did you see any of the camps that the Germans had run?” Not that I remember, no. Interviewer: “Alright, and how long do you think you did the graves registration work?” I figured that was probably close to six months, I don’t know something like that. Interviewer: “Okay, and then while you were doing that where did you go in Europe before you went home? You were in Germany where else did–” I was still in graves registration and it would’ve been in Germany. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “But did you get any time off, could you do some touring? Cause you’ve got pictures of Switzerland and France.” I never figured it out– I should say I don’t remember, somewhere in the middle was where we got a pass to Switzerland, I’m not exactly sure which part and I never understood why I got a pass. There were three of us, there were hundreds of other men out there why me, but it didn’t matter. I went to Switzerland for two weeks and those people loved us, just– The three of us were walking down a street in one city, I don’t know what it was now might tell in there, and a man stopped us. Very nice man, very friendly, and he asked us questions and we told him what he asked and he went on to say that he was from another town in Switzerland and he wanted to know if we were gonna be there in our tour, and we said yes and he said “I’ve got an office at such and such place upstairs.” He was a doctor, and he said “Please stop in when you’re there.” We stopped when we got there, went upstairs to where his office was, and he made us sit down and talk to us for half an hour I guess and then gave us a book– I haven’t been able to find it, that I think he wrote, very nice man and I regretted I didn’t find out more about him but– And that was typical of the people in Switzerland and we slept in Switzerland then. (59:05) They always talked about the Swiss army because it was close enough to war but it– At least at that time they said everybody is training for war and they started I think it was five o’clock in the morning or something, and I know they did because I woke up and heard them marching right by the place I was sleeping. Interviewer: “Now you also– Did you go to Paris at some point?” Did what? Interviewer: “Did you go to Paris in France?” Oh what? Interviewer: “Did you go to Paris?” �Jackson, Elmer Yes, I had a pass to Paris too, one of the things I loved about that was you could get on a subway. You could go from one end of the city to the other, free as G.Is, and I did that a couple times just to see and I went to some of these places like the Arc de Triomphe and that Paris cathedral. Interviewer: “Yeah, Notre Dame, yeah.” I got out and, I don’t know if I got out and walked over to it or something because it was right by the river and walked into that place, I must have taken half a dozen steps and I’m awestruck at what you have to believe was built even before electricity, everything was done by hand. How did those people do that? And now you find out it was built 800 years ago, even more crude but it’s beautiful, but then I saw the Reims cathedral which was not much different than the one at Paris except it might have been a little bit– Somewhere it was supposed to be less than the one in Paris, that’s all I know, and it was beautiful but I wasn’t going to go in and examine everything. I just took enough to see it and it looked a whole lot like that picture in there. Interviewer: “Alright, well now while you were living in Germany did you make friends with any of the people there?” (1:01:50) You could befriend anybody that wanted to be friends, yes. There was some– In fact that picture is in that album too, there’s some– There was some German woman that we talked– Interviewer: “Alright, now we had been talking about what you were doing in Europe after the war ended and my next question is, did you make friends with any of the Germans or get to know any of them?” There were some occasionally, I remember one party, I don’t know whether there was three or something like that, invited us in the house and they were gonna give us each a drink and I took one sip and I didn’t want any ever anymore. I told them I could feel every drop all the way down and another one we visited with outside their house, I don’t remember the conversation but it was probably about the war or something and then there was a woman that wanted to know all �Jackson, Elmer about this country and I even got a letter from her after I got home, one letter and I don’t know anymore what it even said but she– Maybe she liked me, I don’t know, but anyway. Interviewer: “Alright, now you’ve got pictures and you’ve got some pictures of a family who were from Argentina.” Yes. Interviewer: “Who were they, but why were they there?” Why? Interviewer: “Yeah.” Apparently they’d gone to Germany to visit or tour or whatever, I don’t know, they were in Germany that’s all I know. (1:03:58) Interviewer: “And so– But I mean had they been forced to stay in Germany?” Well yes, when the war got going yes, they were interned, they were– They had no choice there was no way for them to go home. Interviewer: “And did they live in a camp or did you not know?” They had a home that they lived in at that time, yeah, that was the British zone. I didn’t know much about them other than we sat down and visited for a while and they were nice people. Interviewer: “Did many of the people there speak English?” Not many, I got so I could communicate before I left but not because I knew German but I could communicate one way or the other. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Okay, yeah I guess when you were doing the graves registration work you had a translator with you.” An interpreter. Interviewer: “Interpreter, now was that an American soldier or a German civilian?” That was a German, yeah. Interviewer: “A man or a woman?” Men, yeah. Interviewer: “And was he a young guy like you or was he older?” (1:05:18) Probably about– Maybe a little older than I was, I don’t know. Interviewer: “Okay, but you really didn’t know anything about him. Did you ever talk to him very much or learn anything about him?” No, we had a job to do. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you were doing this job would you stay away from camp for days at a time?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and then where would you stay when you’re traveling around?” �Jackson, Elmer I don’t remember I just know we did, I remember when we got the job done we decided he we are in a British zone and we wanted to go back over the border to Holland and get a meal but we didn’t know if we could go over the border or not, I said “Let’s try.” So we got to the border and they stopped us, asked what we were doing and all that stuff, we told them that we were going to eat at a restaurant or something and “Go.” They were friendly too. Interviewer: “Alright, was the food better in the Netherlands?” What? Interviewer: “Was the food better in the Netherlands or just different?” I think it was just different more than anything but it was good, that’s all I know, all I remember. Interviewer: “Now when you were moving around in the British zone did you deal much with the British military?” (1:06:45) Did I? Interviewer: “Did you see British soldiers or Canadians?” Not in particular, no I think a lot of them had already gone home, I don’t know I don’t remember. Interviewer: “But you wouldn’t stay with them on their bases or anything like that?” The only time we got together with one of the other country men was after– Was not long after I had joined that division and we had gone to some building for the night or something and it had been separated or something but anyway there were a whole lot of British soldiers in there, even had a tank or two or something in there and I remember us conversing with them but that’s about the only time I remember. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Okay, now while you were in Europe did you have much contact with people back home? Did you write letters home or did people write to you?” I’ve got a box at home that I sent letters to my mother and dad and everything was censored at that time, you couldn’t say anything other than hello and goodbye, that’s all but they knew I was around yet, and yes I got a whole box of letters. I said I never even looked at one, it’s at home and I should take it down and look at it because I might find something interesting, I don’t know. Interviewer: “You should do that. Now did they write to you?” Oh yeah, I had letters from them. Interviewer: “Did you save those or did they get lost? Did you save those letters?” I don’t think so, I don’t remember doing it if I did. (1:08:57) Interviewer: “Alright, now I guess– And when do they let you go home?” When? Interviewer: “Yeah, kind of middle of–” The backend of that album shows us going home on the victory ship, what a difference. Going over was doing this and I didn’t even get sick, I was comfortable all the way but coming back that ship did this and I fought it for three days and then gave up. They had 50 gallon drums sitting here and there around the ship, that was what they expected anyway. Interviewer: “Alright, okay this is kind of now in like the summer of ‘46 by this time?” Well it was July 6th that I got– Six? No, 3rd I guess I got out. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Right, okay alright and now once you get back to the states do you get discharged right away?” Not immediately, I don’t remember that I did that, we got out at Sheridan. Interviewer: “Well they might have processed you at Fort Sheridan.” Might have what? Interviewer: “They might have processed you at Fort Sheridan when you got there.” Yeah, probably. Interviewer: “Cause they did a lot of that. Okay now what port did you come home to, did you go to New York or somewhere else?” (1:10:40) I don’t know, I was just glad to be home. I remember on a train that came to Chicago I guess and they got us up to Sheridan and I don’t remember, I don’t remember much about that I just was glad to be home, period. Interviewer: “Okay, but now– You don’t remember seeing the Statue of Liberty or anything like that coming into New York Harbor?” There’s a picture in there of it and I can see it from a great distance but they took us out somewhere where you couldn’t see the statue. Interviewer: “Yeah, well probably back to New Jersey again.” Might be, I don’t think I knew. �Jackson, Elmer Interviewer: “Yeah, but if you saw it at all that’s where you were okay.” I don’t think I knew really. Interviewer: “Okay, alright so now once you get back home it’s 1946 you’re out of the Army, what do you do next?” Well first of all to get back home I hitchhiked, well what I did, I did find a train that came to Niles and then, and it was like midnight and I got off the train to Niles and I’m thinking “Now what do I do?” So I wasn’t gonna quit, I just got out on the road and started walking, just a lone G.I. So I hitch hiked, I got a ride but somewhere– It must have been in Niles, I had a made a call home and I guess we didn’t even have a phone yet at that time, and had told the folks I was gonna be there– Be home, meet me at the Four Corners in town. So they met me at the Four Corners here when I got into Decatur, I remember that much. Interviewer: “Okay, and now once you got back home did you just work on the farm or get a job?” (1:13:22) When I got home the first thing I did– It was the 3rd I think because on the 4th of July I– Crazy, I wanted to go watch the fireworks in Paw Paw that was popular at that time and I went over and I stayed there for the first third or quarter of it I guess and I decided why did I want to hear all that after all I’ve been through and I turned around and went home. After I got home I– You had so many weeks of checks of labor, I can’t remember how many but anyway I used that first the first two or three weeks and then I decided I couldn’t stand that any longer, I wasn’t going to just do nothing. So I went out and got a job and– I know I went back and tried to work where I worked at the hardware down here before I was– Because when I was a senior in the last half of the year I had enough credits that I could work afternoons which I did right down here at the hardware store and I worked there until I went into the service. Then when I got home I went back there because I thought they’d maybe want me back, and they gave me my job back then it was only two or three months or so and I got sick and I was so sick, this I had done in Germany too. I was up north in Germany during something and I got so sick I couldn’t even swallow �Jackson, Elmer anymore and I had to go to a hospital in Germany but I had to get there on my own and I couldn’t even drink water anymore, and I was able to hitch hike with one of the jeeps or something that went about halfway and then I had to stay in that place overnight because there wasn’t anybody else going at that time. So the next morning I was able to hitch a ride into Wiesbaden to the hospital, just how I got there I don’t know now. Anyway I was so sick and I was in a line of sick people and when I got up to the doctor I said “I hope you’re not gonna send me back cause I was just about done.” And after he checked me he said “You’re not going back.” So I was in a hospital over there for over a week, then when I got home and worked at this hardware again for a short time got sick again. Over there I had Sulfa, which was popular at that time, over here I just went to the family doctor which was treating me and I wasn’t the only sicker and of course I was still living at home at that time with the folks, upstairs in the bedroom, and I was so sick that they knew I was sick and they went to the neighbors and called the doctor’s office and that was close to midnight, and he says– He told them to take me to the Borgess Hospital right away. Interviewer: “And that’s in Kalamazoo right?” Yes. (1:17:30) Interviewer: “So that’s not that close.” And then I was quarantined there for 11 days I think it was or 13, I don’t know, because they thought I had diphtheria which they never could prove but that’s what they thought, but then is when penicillin got popular and they gave me a shot every four hours around the clock and I didn’t even care if I died I wanted to just get it over with, I was so sick. Then I started to get better and I have to give penicillin the credit and after 11 days I think I was quarantined there, my parents couldn’t even come and talk to me, they let me go back home. Well then the hardware didn’t want me back, I think it was a case of they needed an excuse but they didn’t dare say anything while I was just coming home but– So I had to look for another job and I found one at Paw Paw in a grocery store, Simcox Super Food and I worked there for most of two years, in the meantime I had got a job with– Or gotten admittance I guess you’d call it, to MSU I was �Jackson, Elmer going to be civil engineer and after the first year I could see that probably is a little more than I should be doing. So I got another job– Or another course, that was a one year course and it was called “Farm Buildings” but they did a lot of other things. So there was only four mind you in the class and so the first six months it was what they could teach us in college at that time and then the last six months was on the job and I figured well they’re probably gonna send me up north somewhere where I’m miles from home, but that was in Dowagiac, I was dumbfounded but I got the job in Dowagiac and worked through this contract from that time on until– Well it was February, and of course in better weather why you was working every day of the week. Well in February before salamanders and tarps and all that stuff you couldn’t work out doors. So we were doing what we could do around the city or in homes around the country, I like the work. Beautiful, it was a nice man I was working for and I’ve told those guys he had a temper but he didn’t bother me, and I finally told him I was gonna have to go and see if I couldn’t get a more steady job cause the check was getting smaller and smaller, and he didn’t mind. He said okay he understood and I came back to Decatur because where do you start, and I started right here at this corner and I went in and asked for work, no, came in here and asked for work, no but there were two other guys in here at the time talking to the owner which I didn’t know. I didn’t know he knew me and I went to every place in town, doesn’t matter what kind of work I’d had done anything, and I went to Paw Paw, I even went up the Kalamazoo way and back Marcellus way I remember and I’d about decided I was probably gonna be working a couple days a week and that was gonna be it. (1:22:24) That same night, and I didn’t know he knew me, he came out to the house and wanted to know if I wanted to go to work the next morning and he says “The men are going to drive right by your house.” I said “Fine.” And I’ve been here ever since that day. Interviewer: “Okay, this is a plumbing contractor– This is a plumber that you work for then?” He was in the plumbing and hardware and a little bit of heating but it was nothing like this today, that was in ‘49, in ‘51 I got married to a women I met in a grocery store and in ‘53 this owner wanted to know– Came out the house where we were living then, wanted to know if I didn’t want to buy the place, I was getting a check once a week why would I want to– all of this, but my wife thought we better do that. So then we had to find money to do it, the year before this �Jackson, Elmer owner had gone down to this local bank and wanted to know if he would get us going if we asked for money to buy it and he told the owner yes. So when this came to my turn to go to the bank and ask he said no, so we went around looking for money and went to Lawton and there’d been some banking in the family done there before and my wife went in there and asked and he took us into his office and we got a real lecture, I think it took an hour, about business and what not, what we were gonna do. He said okay and it was set up with the previous owner to pay him every six months, he died before he got his first check. Interviewer: “Oh my.” He had an adopted son who worked here, I learned a lot from him but he didn’t want the business. So it was my wife and I, partners all those years and then she got Parkinson’s and it was 20 plus years I guess before she finally passed away, and now I have it and I don’t know what to do with it but it’s up to the two sons that are still doing the work, they’re doing fine and my youngest son and I come to town every day and keep the business doors open and he answers phones and I do some paperwork and the others are out doing the job and fixing this and fixing that. Interviewer: “Yeah, well the world will always need plumbers.” (1:25:48) Oh yes, always something broke or needs replacing, it never quits and I’ll have to say there were bad times and there were good times but I never quit, I never thought about even. Interviewer: “Sure, okay now to go back to the time when you were in the Army.” Yeah. Interviewer: “What do you think you learned from that or did that affect you?” I learned not to go in the Army again if I can help it, they knew what I knew I learned, I learned to be a father– Well, alright I met the wife in ‘49, got married in ‘51 and after we’d gone together �Jackson, Elmer for some time she inferred she’d like to get married and I said “Not until I get place to live in where I don’t have to pay rent or something like that, or live with the folks or anything else. So I started to build a house in 1950 and it was another story but I had made up my mind that’s gonna be, I’m gonna do this and then we’ll get married. So in December of ‘53 we’d got enough of the house and clothes, that’s about all I can call it because we’d had– I had so much trouble getting that house built you wouldn’t believe, they think we had a lot of rain this year, I don’t think it rained any more this year than it did that year and every time I moved it was raining and I was rained off of that how many times I have no idea but I was determined it was going to be or else. So I finally got my friend and his wife and my girlfriend at the time and we– I had the trench all dug for ready mix— Or it was mix that you made, gravel and Portland, and this owner had a cement mixer that wasn’t in very good shape but we used it pour the footing for this house, and it rained and it rained and I had dug this trench– Beautiful trench, it had been a dry spring, and it rained and it rained and the sides started to fall in on the trench now that’s a first. Well I knew there were some old boards down at the house I lived in, the parents, so I went down and got some old boards and came back and I boarded up these places that had caved in and got the friend out and his wife and my girlfriend and I had the man [unintelligible] the Dillard gravel and he dumped gravel and I’d had a temporary electric pole put up and had Portland and one morning we started mixing cement. (1:29:40) This trench had that much water in it all the way around,we’re gonna do something so we start at one corner, put his wife and my girlfriend over in the far corner with buckets and poured cement at this corner, pushed the water around to them and they bail it out and dumped it out in the field, now tell me if you’ve ever heard one worse, but we got a footing and surprisingly it turned out great, but it was still raining about every time you took a breath and then I had to lay blocks, I did that all by myself. I’d learned a lot of this from the contractor I worked for in Dowagiac and started to frame it, hey. I had the plan that I had made up myself and started to frame it, got Celotex on the outside so you covered the walls, and it was still raining every other day. I had put asphalt felt paper on the floor and it was still raining off and on and it got so there there was water on the asphalt felt that wouldn’t go away and I went down there with a brace and a bit, I don’t know if you know what that is, it makes a hole in the floor and let the water out. I got a roof over it finally, not without more problems along the way, and I got the inside– Got it all enclosed, but nothing on the walls but I decided I’m gonna do something with the walls so I put plasterboard on the kitchen, the living room, and �Jackson, Elmer the bathroom, three rooms that’s enough to live in and I had worked here and he sold appliances too, Bendix Walker, and I got a used one that he didn’t know what to do with and took it home and repaired it and put it in use and that first Bendix Walker had to be bolted to the floor because that’s the only way you can keep it from walking away, and I bought a dryer from a used place in Kalamazoo for $10 which was unbelievable, and I knew how to fix it so I fixed it and we had a dryer. I had put up a temporary counter for the kitchen sink and put a sink in it and we had dug in a well outside by hand for the cement anyway so I got that piped into a centrifugal pump at that time, not a jet, and I had water, got it piped into that kitchen sink and the bathroom and we got married and if you don’t think I had fun getting to that part. Interviewer: “Alright, now of course all of that came out of the question I asked you, did you think that you learned anything from being in the Army or if it changed you at all or was it just a couple years out of your life?” The G.I bill first is what I appreciated immensely cause what we got coming out of the Army was $200 for having Germans shoot at you, and the G.I bill put me in MSU and I had tried to enlist in the Air Force anyway and I wanted to fly but I didn’t know how I was gonna but I got acquainted with the guy who was teaching flying over at Lawton and he taught me how to fly. (1:34:21) I had quite an– Two experiences there that I shouldn’t even be here but anyway one of them– This was a tailor craft, I don’t expect you to know, anyway a side by side and after eight hours just getting trained I had no idea that that was the point I was going to be on my own but he got out one day and says “Go!” And I was scared to death, I didn’t know I was gonna do this all by myself, and I went up and around and came back down and I have to say I was successful but then I flew a few more hours and I was taking off one day by myself and I got up 400 feet, at 500 feet you’d go and turn and do whatever, I don’t know, and at 400 feet something went “Bang!” I’m there by myself, the plane did something, I don’t know what, what do I do now? Well I could look out the window and the Welch's grape juice factory was underneath so I didn’t think that was a very good place to set it down, but I found out the engine was still running, not very well but it was running. So I made a left turn and every time I’d make a turn I’d lose another 100 feet, and I was only up 400. Another turn and went the other end, and the last turn got me back on the field and I thought “Son of a gun.” And I know they knew something went �Jackson, Elmer wrong because they were out to meet me and the one guy, I don’t know if he was a mechanic or not, raised the hood on that thing, it had blown a spark plug right out of the engine. Whether it didn’t get turned in all the way or– I have no idea but I got out and left, but I went back I’m not a quitter and I flew a total of 60 plus hours but it was costing a lot of money to fly and I thought “I can’t do this and something else I want to do too.” About that time I wanted to build this darn house so I had to quit flying and that was what that– Interviewer: “You got a certificate there, yep alright.” What did I learn? I guess mostly that I could do about anything I wanted to if I just made up my mind to do it and I did. What else could I learn, I don’t know. Interviewer: “I just ask the question to see what people say. So alright, well the whole thing makes for a pretty good story so I’d just like to thank you for taking the time to share it today.” There’s so much more to show you but if you don’t wanna look that’s alright too. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JacksonE2312V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jackson, Elmer Jr. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-07 Title A name given to the resource Jackson, Elmer (Interview transcript and video), 20519 Description An account of the resource Elmer Jackson was born in 1925 in southwestern Michigan. Jackson was in high school when he heard about the attack on Pearl Harbor over the radio. Jackson was later drafted into the Army in August of 1944 and was sent to Camp Wood, Texas, for three months of Basic Training. He was then shipped to Scotland aboard the SS Queen Mary and was quickly transferred to South Hampton, shipped across the English Channel to the Normandy beachfront, and trained up to the frontlines. He was assigned as a replacement rifleman to the 291st Regiment, 75th Infantry Division on the Meuse River. After moving south through Luxembourg, Jackson’s company took the fight eastward toward the Rhine River. Once across the Rhine, he saw more combat and observed several high-altitude bombing missions, which he was grateful for. His Division had advanced well into Germany by the end of the war in Europe and he was quickly transferred to the occupational forces in Bad Tölz and Fischbach. Jackson was then transferred to Camp Baltimore where he worked as a Military Policeman, then as an office assistant, and finally in Graves Registration. He applied and was accepted as a driver of a weapons carrier, driving through the postwar Allied occupation zones and questioning local mayors on the locations of possible American gravesites. He also spent some time in Switzerland and Paris, France, and in July of 1946, he was shipped back to the United States and was officially discharged from the Army at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Jackson then traveled back home and resumed work at a local hardware store. After being fired due to a long period of being sick he eventually went to work for a local grocery store and attended Michigan State University where he pursued a degree in civil engineering. He then traveled around Michigan attempting to find steady work and was denied several times before acquiring a job with a local hardware and plumbing business in 1949, which he later purchased in 1953. Reflecting upon his time in the service, Jackson believed the Army instilled in him the mentality that he could achieve anything he set his mind to. He also greatly appreciated the support of the GI Bill, which helped him achieve admission into MSU. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dec1810c6e9b9c1bf0f1305b72b02fee.mp4 ffd363e5d98bcf71ed2bbfa2cdaa89d8 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3f8a699ea197b5e9613f654bb74b2f2b.pdf 75f5280824477e2df6dad7b4f0554c3d PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Gloria Jackson Total Time – (32:56) Background      She was born on January 23, 1925 (00:31) Her parents were extremely nice o Her father worked at Wolverine Brass and her mother did not work (01:02) She had two sisters and two brothers (01:16) She remembers living through the Great Depression and it being hard to get certain commodities such as sugar and butter (01:49) o When she was in training, all of her food was taken care of so she never had to worry about the food shortages She grew up in Grand Rapids and went to Creston High School (02:10) o She had to walk two miles back and forth from school o She graduated in 1942 (02:48) Training/Cadet Nurse Corps – (02:52)        She got an opportunity to take an entrance exam at Butterworth Hospital in Grand Rapids, Michigan (02:57) o They accepted her into the Cadet Nurse Corps o At the time, the government took over and gave them all uniforms and paid their schooling She joined because she believed it would be a good profession to be in (04:17) Her first days were fun because she was able to meet a lot of new girls She trained at Wayne University in Detroit, Michigan for the first six months (04:53) o After the six months at Wayne University she went back to Butterworth Hospital until being sent back to Detroit (05:06) o For her last six months of training she was sent to Percy Jones Hospital (Battle Creek Sanitarium) in Battle Creek, Michigan (05:45) The best part of her training was being able to be in contact with a lot of people She remembers her instructors from training (07:36) After she graduated from her training she worked at Butterworth Hospital �                o She then transferred to Fort Custer near Battle Creek, Michigan (08:26) o She worked in the Mental Ward of the hospital where soldiers with mental problems would go o She stayed in this position for a couple of years (08:38) Once she got married, she transferred to a hospital in Des Moines, Iowa (08:47) o She had many different kinds of patients o There were some patients that had all of their limbs blown off At Battle Creek, some of the German POW’s were in the hospital (09:46) o The POW’s would help out in the hospital o She never got to know them very well o The POW’s were always treated well by the Americans (10:03) A normal day involved getting up early, being on duty at 7 A.M., getting off at 3:30 P.M., sometimes working nights, and off duty time was filled with any other activities that they wanted The hospitals then had much more personal contact than modern hospitals (11:36) o There was a lot more charting when she was working in the hospitals because patients would have to stay longer than they do now (12:03) She dealt with the traumatizing events in the hospital by not dwelling on them and focusing on her work She was able to stay in contact with her family during training through a telephone (13:02) o She was able to go home sometimes as well  They would have one day off every week (13:10) The food at the hospital was always good After their shifts, the nurses would often read, play cards together, go shopping, or any other leisure activity (13:53) o They would sometimes go out to Grand Haven or Holland, Michigan at the beach Many of the soldier patients would get together when they could to have fun and pass the time (15:05) The nurses were supposed to be in bed by 10 P.M. One of her friends at the hospital had a husband who was a POW (17:09) o He eventually came back to America and was fine One day in the hospital, one of her friends pulled her slip down to the floor (18:14) There was one time when a man was smoking in a room with oxygen tanks and he threw the cigar near the tank and there was a small explosion (19:08) There were always special meals for holidays o If she was not working, she would go home (19:55) The nurses received one week of vacation every year She was in Grand Rapids, Michigan the day the war ended (20:45) o All of the nurses went down to Monroe Avenue and celebrated o Personally, she thought it was great the war had ended  She was still young and did not understand the ramifications of war (21:21) � She did not understand how it affected the entire world After Training – (21:50)     After her training was finished, she went to get a job at a furniture factory (21:59) She then got a job in the cafeteria at Butterworth Hospital (22:16) Her experiences made her not like war and wish that there were more diplomatic answers for differences in the world (23:53) o She does not like the way things are currently going on in the world o She believes that we should take in honor in what we are doing and that we should fight for our country (24:19) Her experiences helped make her a person that can understand what it is like to be a patient (25:06) o She has more empathy for families and the patients � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JacksonG1259V Title A name given to the resource Jackson, Gloria (Interview outline and video), 2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jackson, Gloria Description An account of the resource Gloria Jackson was born in 1925 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She graduated from high school in 1942, just before being accepted into the Cadet Nursing Corps. She trained at Butterworth Hospital, Wayne University, and Percy Jones Hospital (Battle Creek Sanitarium). She also worked for some time in Des Moines, Iowa after getting married. She remembers seeing German POW's in the hospitals. Gloria was in Grand Rapids, Michigan when World War II ended. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Lane, Anna (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Cadet Nurse Corps Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006-06-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6fe270fc656c2e98a9f802d23383e233.jpg 6e41dd2d04a096c2857571f356016632 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UComm_Buildings_Collegiate-Center_Architect-01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meathe, Kessler & Associates Jackson, Morris Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Title A name given to the resource Seidman House. Architect's drawing of exterior Description An account of the resource Architect's drawing of the exterior of the Collegiate Center of Grand Valley State College, later named Seidman House, by Morris Jackson circa 1962. In the drawing, the Collegiate Center is featured in the center and framed among the wooded ravines, with people seen inside the windows of the building and outside enjoying the outdoor patio seating. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architectural rendering Facilities Ravines -- Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University photographs, GV012-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e6591c1de3f5b6c1ca07088f0e492532.m4v 741bd196de955df96ff611b419cb7d74 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/17d8d55a5f744e39bd29ca47c7a700e9.pdf 8d668df6c69e160b4ab58b55be52eeb5 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Art Jacobs Disc one: (1:06:00) Disc two: (00:59:08) Disc one (1:00) Growing up in Michigan • • • • There was a lady that lived at the end of the road that gave music lessons He was interested in music and attended music lessons His father bought a general store in Morengo, MI He attended school in Morengo and had to walk a mile every day for school (3:00) The School House • • • • • The school held all grades through eighth He walked to school with his sister every day He remembers there were lots of windows in the school The school had a modern bathroom, while most buildings at the time were using outhouses They burned wood to heat the building (5:00) Morengo, MI • • • • • • • His mother was the post-master in this town He loved to go to his father’s store after school and get treats One time an alcoholic broke into the store in the middle of the night and drank a bunch of anti-freeze; he died There was a large room upstairs where they held dances They went bob-sledding in the winter There was a Native American family in the neighborhood and Art thought it was so cool that one of their sons could catch fish with his bare hands His parents sold the store in 1928 and used the money to move to Battle Creek and buy a gas station (9:00) The Gas Station • There was a really bad winter one year and his father had to work all through it • His father got a bad cold, which turned into pneumonia • His father passed away shortly after because penicillin had not been in use yet • His father died when he was six • His family then went through a series of moves, but his mom was able to keep the family together (10:28)1932: The Depression �• • • • • His mom only received 10% of the total money they had saved in the bank The depression wiped out all of their savings His sister helped the family making the most money at seventeen years old His mother worked as a seamstress His mom cooked very well (12:30) His Older Brother • He moved out early because he got married • His brother bought a new 1932 Ford Model A Roadster with a rumble seat (15:00) News from Europe in the 30s • He was young at the time and his interests were elsewhere • He does remember the Hindenburg explosion • There was no television for the news • The ship had left Germany for New Jersey • It blew up in an instance; it was gone in seconds • It was the first real disaster that left an impression on him (17:30) His Sister Gets Married • Art had to drop out of school in 1939 to go to work • His mother was alone and needed help with money (18:05) Pearl Harbor • He was at a friend’s house when he heard the news • He had been working at Eaton Manufacturing, in charge of blueprints when he was drafted for the war • It was a busy company because it was making valves for airplanes • To get his diploma, he went to summer school • He needed to take a test for the Navy Air Corps • His teacher was Mr. Van Andel, whose son was in the Naval Air Corps • He received A’s in his classes and passed them in weeks so he was able to get his diploma (21:25) September 30, 1943 • Art was called to active duty at the Wayne Hotel in Detroit • There were 435 cadets assembled in Detroit • Of 435, only 32 graduated with wings • Art graduated with wings (22:35) First Days in the Naval Air Corps • He went to Wesleyan University in Ohio • He continued his education to prepare to be a pilot in the Navy, which require more education and time than an Army pilot would need because they had to learn to fly off ships �• • They had to learn water, land, and celestial navigation as well as how to be a gunner, navigator and a pilot Training in the Army took 9 months while training in the Navy took 18 months (25:30) California • They were sent to the US Naval Air Station in Livermore • They were to learn advanced flying and were then sent to Corpus Christi Texas for the second largest Naval Air Station in the US • In July of 1944, he received his gold wings as a Naval Air Pilot • The rest of the 435 cadets had been washed out or re-assigned to another area • He then received a 30 day leave for vacation time off (28:20) Marriage • Art married his high school girlfriend on July 30th, 1944 • “I was one hot tamale.” • He then went to Atlanta for Instrument Flight Instructor School because his past instructor for Instrument Flying recommended him for the position • His wife went with him to Atlanta • They lived off base where he completed his instructions • His first naval assignment was in Beeville, Texas where he taught Flight Training School for cadets • They lived in a nice unit and he has good memories (31:00) Waldron Field Corpus Christi • He was in Advanced Fighter Pilot school teaching advanced flight tactics • He was even assigned his own unit • He eventually became the oldest instructor at Waldron Field (32:35) Tour of Duty Expires • He received orders to report to Seattle to board the Saratoga and his wife went back home to Battle Creek • D-Day occurred two days before he was supposed to ship off and his orders were cancelled • He then continued to train cadets • He was once again ordered to report to Seattle in August, and again his orders were cancelled two days before he left because they had dropped the bomb in Hiroshima (34:25) Overseas • He went on vacation with his discharge bonus for training so many; they went to Aruba and the Caribbean • Yet the Navy really discharges a certified pilot because it costs them $80,000.00 to train someone • He really just received a Release from Active Duty Certificate; he was still required to participate in reserve training �(36:25) Reserve Training in Battle Creek, Michigan • He became a “weekend warrior” • Every other weekend their unit was at Groes Field in Battle Creek, working through Friday, Saturday, and Sunday • Art became the Executive Officer of his unit, which is second in command • They were able to fly a lot of nice airplanes (38:00) Getting Into Trouble • “the more you fly, the more careless you get;” people become over-confident • Art had gotten a job as a district manager in Ohio • He had been home to see his relatives on the weekend • It was the fourth of July and there were thousands of people at the Battle Creek Fair while they were staying with their in-laws • He was on his way home when some guy was taunting him and caused him to fly too close to Bailey Park • The state police got the numbers off his plane and he got in trouble with the CEO for flying below 1500 feet in a congested area, for doing acrobatics over a congested area, and for doing acrobatics in a commercial flight lane • He had to report to the FAA guy I the tower, who also lived in Freemont, Ohio • He had to lay his hand on a Navy Regulation book and swear to never fly that way again in the future (45:45) 1954 Reduction in Force • The reserve weekend warrior program was abolished and he was just two years away from receiving his retirement pay • He was discharged early so he did not receive any retirement pay • He believes that every male should join the service to become a better man and to get straightened out • He was in the Navy for more than fourteen years and was full Lieutenant when he was done, which is equivalent to being a captain in the Army (48:20) A Member of the Masons • He was 27 years old when he joined the masons • He was good friends with a guy who was part of the Battle creek Lodge and he talked about the Masons a lot, but he was still in the reserves at the time • Art became part of the Bedford Lodge and also joined the Scottish Right, in which he became the Commander in Chief in Grand Rapids and received his 33rd degree • He was also part of the Red Cross and a life member of the Eastern Star (55:55) His Wife During the Service • She was always with him while he was in the service and she worked for Wolverine Insurance Company • She was also a nurse’s aide at Fort Custer; “she is a natural born care taker” • Art has a son and a daughter, four grandchildren, and ten great grandchildren (56:45)The Masonic Pathway �• • He had always been interested in music and carpentry Art had three heart attacks after his children moved out of the house (1:00:00) The Home • He and his wife moved to a home in 1999 and it was the best decision they had ever made • They both really enjoy living there and have made lots of friends (1:00:35) How the Service Has Influenced His Life • It taught him the principles of good living • The service left a great influence on Art and he has benefitted endlessly throughout his life • He was taught how to manage his problems • Art is very grateful to the Navy and to the Masonic Order Disc two (1:25) The Roaring Twenties • “They weren’t roaring for me.” • His sister had a good job and his mom was a seamstress • Art played lots of sports like basketball and baseball • His mom was steadily employed and never remarried when his father died • The only good memory he has of his dad is him laying in a casket with his big Masonic ring (5:20) The Stock Crash • His mom lost 90% of their money through the bank, the prohibition was in effect at the time and his dad always brewed his own beer (7:35) The Hindenburg Crash • It was the biggest, lighter than air ship ever (9:15) Meeting famous Baseball Players • They taught him how to throw a curve ball • At the time, he did not think to ask for their autographs (10:30) Tobacco Experience • He tried some chewing tobacco because he had seen baseball players chewing it; he tried it and it gave him a buzz and then he fell out of a tree house • Art has never tried tobacco again (11:45) Playing Stick Hockey • Art played stick hockey in his backyard, but without ice or a puck • Instead they used a carnation milk can for a puck • Once he was hit in the face and lost a tooth �(12:55) Cars • His mom did not drive • Art’s brother worked for a coach company in Battle Creek • Street cars disappeared from Battle Creek around 1935 (17:00) His Great-Great Grandmother • She was a famous lady from England who opened a spiritual camp in Vicksburg • She was a doctor who was known for her music and she played for three different presidents at the White House • She was also a spiritual advisor to President Lincoln • Charlie and Lewis were her sons and they were both Civil War veterans • Art’s grandmother received pension from them being in the Civil War (21:15) Charlie • Charlie “was a bit of a rogue.” • He wrote checks in his moms name and she prosecuted him for that • He then went to Jackson prison and was very upset about that • He killed himself in prison by ingesting sulfur (24:00) Lewis • He owned a newspaper in Vicksburg called the Union • He was a renown speaker and traveled a lot (25:00) Joseph • Joseph was his great-great grandmother’s husband • He was a Jew, also from England, who allegedly owned his own island (27:15) The 30s • In 1938 his sister got married and at the age of sixteen he had to drop out of school and work to support his mother • He only went to high school through the eleventh grade • Yet without a diploma he could not join the Air Corps of the Navy, so he had to go back to take classes in the summer • His mom then moved in with his sister when she had a baby and she was able to help to take care of the baby since his sister and her husband both worked (31:40) His Mother Dies • She died when she was 63 years old, yet she had never been sick • She died out of nowhere while she was giving his sister’s baby a bath on the kitchen table • The baby had been on the table alone for about two hours before his sister and her husband came home from work (34:25) The 30s �• • • • • His family did not own a car and they traveled by bus At the age of 16 he ran away and went to California on a freight train Art lived in hobo camps and was away from home for eight months He had left with his brother’s wives cousin They washed windows at hotels and begged for food (40:38) Art Comes Home • He was like a celebrity in high school for running away to California • He had a good time in California • His mom was not mad at him when he came home; his sister and her were both happy to see him again (45:00) The Navy • In the Navy he learned how to be a real man (45:50) Masonry • He always had that picture of his father with his huge Masonic ring stuck in his head • Art lived in the jurisdiction of Bedford and on September 3, 1948 he became a Master Mason • He went through the program very quickly and finished in two months (51:20) He was a commander of the Scottish Right (51:50) He helped in the Red Cross and was a member of the Eastern Star � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JacobsA Title A name given to the resource Jacobs, Art (Interview outline and video), 2005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jacobs, Art Description An account of the resource Art Jacobs joined the Naval Air Corps in the 1930s. He was one of only 32 men that graduated with wings out of the original 435 men. He stayed in the Navy for a long time and eventually taught other young men advanced air fighting tactics. While he was called out to fight in World War twice, in both times his orders eventually were cancelled before he was actually shipped out. Art Had a rough childhood because his father died when he was only six and then he and his siblings had to help support their mother. Art enjoyed being in the Navy and believes that every male should serve at one point in their life. After life in the Navy, Art also became part of the Masons, the Red Cross, and the Eastern Star. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-11-17 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b2af1399ad813c50ba57a7cb7034cab6.pdf 0c4977700ea919ed30b2a26f9be37233 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Supplementum chronicarum [folium 48] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_048Bergamomensis1490 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jacobus Philippus, Bergomensis, 1434-1520 Description An account of the resource One leaf from Supplementum chronicarum by Jacobus Philippus de Bergamo. Printed in Venice by Bernardinus Benalius on December 15, 1486. [GW M10971; ISTC ij00210000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Venice: Bernardinus Benalius Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Jacobus Philippus, Bergomensis, 1434-1520 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1486 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f59633a0ff30e023ec1a190daf2c285b.pdf 0c813a03e984019adf3734deb09875f5 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sermones de sanctis [folium 94] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_094Clusa1476 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jacobus, de Clusa, 1381?-1465 Description An account of the resource One leaf of Sermones de sanctis by Jacobus de Clusa. Printed in Blaubeuren by Conrad Mancz not after 1476. [GW M10873; ISTC ij00039000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Blaubeuren: Conrad Mancz Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1476 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bb44f016a2d883546b64acf004874760.pdf 9a597f27e14db2ec45648d70dbe84896 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sermones de sanctis [folium 66] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_066Voragine1484 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229-1298 Description An account of the resource One leaf from Sermones de sanctis by Jacobus de Voragine. Printed in Augusburg by Hermann Kästlin on April 10, 1484. Illustrated with red rubricated initials. [GW M11604; ISTC ij00188000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Augsburg: Hermann Kästlin Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229-1298 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1484 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/69db22a1fa3e4030b1097ffd170dfc1d.pdf 71ee6f36aec134b2e7473cb44c9f5ed9 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia [folium 117] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_117Voragine1478 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229-1298 Description An account of the resource One leaf from Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia by Jacobus de Voragine. Printed in Nuremberg by Anton Koberger on August 11, 1478. [GW M11244; ISTC ij00090000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Nuremberg: Anton Koberger Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1478 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0f9dc6c1a8dae3c3542e7e85f4b97965.pdf 8b0d11cef179d5694b8de6a5c6cac2c3 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia [folium 163] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_163Voragine1477 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229-1298 Description An account of the resource One leaf from Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia by Jacobus de Voragine. Printed in Ulm by Johann Zainer not after 1477. Illustrated with red rubricated initals. [GW M11313; ISTC ij00088400] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Ulm: Johann Zainer Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1477 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b19a27f0f29a9ade78bf6bb92f5e73c3.pdf e1e3bbafb36d76ff2d504ba177dbddca PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia [folium 165] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_165Voragine1488 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229-1298 Description An account of the resource One leaf from Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia by Jacobus de Voragine. Printed in Ulm by Conrad Dinckmut in 1488. Illustrated in red rubricated initals. [GW M11311; ISTC ij00121000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Ulm: Conrad Dinckmut Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1488 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text