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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans’ History Project
Robert Hoolsema
Cold War-Korean War Era
41 minutes 7 seconds
(00:00:10) Early Life
-Born in 1928 in Grand Rapids, Michigan in Blodgett Hospital
-Grew up in the Grand Rapids area
-Father was a carpenter
-During the Great Depression his father didn’t have any carpentry work
-Thirteen years before he went back to carpentry
-He had one sister
-His mother stayed at home
(00:01:09) World War II
-Cousin came over on December 7, 1941 and said Japan had bombed Pearl Harbor
-Followed the news of the war in the papers and the radio
-The war ended while he was still in high school
-Saved tin cans for the war effort
-Had air raid drills
-Neighbor and father were air raid wardens
-During an air raid drill a siren would sound and they’d turn their lights off
-Happened at night
-Never thought Grand Rapids would be bombed though
(00:03:37) Getting Drafted
-He graduated from high school in 1947
-Became a carpenter after high school
-Getting drafted interrupted that for a couple years
-He got drafted in mid-1950 not long after the Korean War started
-Sometime after June 25, 1950
(00:05:24) Korean War
-Remembers seeing pictures of the winter of 1950 in Korea during the war
-Didn’t pay as much attention to the Korean War as he did to World War II
(00:06:08) Basic Training
-Sent to Camp Carson, Colorado at the end of October, 1950
-Travelled to Detroit then, Fort Sheridan, Illinois then took a troop train to Camp Carson
-Met National Guardsmen from South Dakota
-Assigned to the 196th Regimental Combat Team
-Had to fill the ranks of the 196th with draftees
-He wound up training with a lot of men that he knew from Grand Rapids
-The men from South Dakota were welcoming and friendly
-Some were officers, some had fought in World War II
-He was part of a rifle company
-Trained to live in foxholes and to prepare for infantry warfare
-Started off with marching, learning to follow orders, running, and hiking

�-The area was dry and could be very hot, or very cold
-Also had to adjust to being 6,000 feet above sea level
-It was hard for him to adjust to Army living
-He complied with orders though
-The drill instructors were reasonable people
-He wound up spending nine months at Fort Carson
(00:13:41) Infantry Training
-Part of those nine months were spent in infantry training
-Trained with the M1 Garand rifle
-Familiarized himself with the .30 caliber and .50 caliber machine guns
-Trained with hand grenades
-Trained with the Browning Automatic Rifle, but didn’t do much with it
-Remembers that it was a heavy weapon
-Went on maneuvers in the foothills
-The artillery units would train by shooting over them as they advanced on a hill
-Also worked with tanks and “Weasels” (M29, tracked vehicle for traveling in the snow)
(00:16:44) Orders for Alaska
-Didn’t know if they’d be sent to Korea or not
-They eventually received orders to go to Alaska
-They kept receiving draftees that wound up getting sent to Korea
-The men that were sent to Korea were the ones that caused problems
(00:18:40) Downtime during Training
-Didn’t spend much time in Colorado Springs
-Did visit Denver on leave during the weekends
-Hitchhiked there and hitchhiked back
(00:19:49) Traveling to Alaska
-He was given five days of leave before being sent to Alaska
-The men were happy being sent to a place where they wouldn’t be shot at
-Took a train up to Seattle, Washington
-Spent five days there
-Boarded a troopship in Seattle and sailed north to Alaska
-Traveled via the Inland Passage to Haines, Alaska
(00:20:50) Maneuvers in Alaska and Canada
-After landing at Haines he and the 196th maneuvered through Yukon Territory
-Making their way towards Fort Richardson, Alaska
-The maneuver took about one month
-Did it in later summer/early fall 1951
-Remembers that it rained a lot and there were some nice days
-It was a 500 mile trek to Fort Richardson
-Traveled on foot as well as in trucks
-Took part in simulated combat with troops from Alaska
(00:22:36) Stationed at Fort Richardson
-Fort Richardson was near Anchorage
-They were supposed to be living in brand new, 500 man barracks
-They weren’t ready when they arrived
-Had to live in tents until late fall 1951

�-Moved into the new barracks when they were completed
-They continued to do drills and war games when they were settled in in Alaska
-Once winter came they were given skis
-Became ski troopers
-It was incredibly difficult
-Had to carry a 9 pound rifle and a 60 pound pack
-Did cross country skiing
-Only rifle companies became ski troopers
-Used snow shoes to get around as well
-The skis were easier for travel though
-The snow in Alaska stayed around, as opposed to gradually melting like it did in Michigan
-The snow was two – three feet deep on average
-It could get down to -40oF
-Had to watch for signs of frostbite on the face where it was most susceptible
-The coldest it got while he was in Alaska was -50oF
-They were working so hard that they were still sweating in the cold
-Had to camp out in the cold
-They had portable heaters
-The rations would freeze and had to be thawed
-Slept in sleeping bags on top of the snow because the ground was too cold
(00:29:38) Downtime in Alaska
-They had pool tables at the fort
-They were busy all day, so they would write letters at night
-Also had to was their own clothes, so “downtime” was used for that as well
-He would go into Anchorage which was still a frontier town
-Met a man who drove a semi-truck and would travel with him around Alaska
-The roads were unpaved, so sometimes they traveled on frozen riverbeds
-Alaska has changed since he was there
-The soldiers were treated well by the Alaskans, better than the Coloradoans
-This was because in Colorado Springs soldiers would cause trouble
-Some men would go hunting and fishing in Alaska
-They would use their bayonets to go spear fishing
-Some men would go rabbit hunting
-Allowed for a variety of food
(00:33:40) Cold War
-Remembers the Elmendorf Air Force Base was basically next door to Fort Richardson
-Fort Richardson’s purpose was to protect Elmendorf from being attacked by the Soviets
-They would have had to hold out for three days before reinforcements could arrive
-The only way the Russians could have successfully invaded would have been with paratroopers
-In retrospect this seemed ridiculous
-Also monitored Soviet troop movements in Siberia
(00:36:01) End of Service
-Stayed in Alaska for thirteen months (time in Alaska most likely ended in late 1952)
-He was sent back to Camp Carson and was discharged from there
-A lot of the men he served with were discharged at the same time

�(00:36:53) Life after the Army
-He returned to Grand Rapids and continued to work as a carpenter
-He worked for a contractor then started his own contracting business
-He bought a furniture factory and ran that for twenty years
-Retired after that
-Made chairs and then did wood bending
-His sons run the factory now
(00:38:45) Reflections on Service
-His service was good for him
-Maybe not good for everyone though
-It taught him to appreciate being a civilian
-It taught him good values
-Learning how to live with different people and get along with them
-He gained life experience and independence
-It helped him later when he went into business
-He met a lot of men that were good to serve with

�</text>
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                    <text>Hope
Scripture: Jeremiah 32:1-17; Romans 8:18-31; 35-39
Richard A. Rhem
Christ Community Church
Spring Lake, Michigan
January 25, 1998
Transcription of the spoken sermon
Hope is the certainty that God will make good the promise of life. Hope is an
acorn dreaming its future. Hope is the inexplicable longing and expectation that
resides in the depths of the human soul.
Where there is life, there is hope.
So goes the familiar proverb. But, one could turn that around, as well: Where
there is hope, there is life. And one could add, Where hope is gone, life soon will
be gone, as well.
Yet, as someone has said, Hope and History never meet. That is, what our hope
longs for always outruns the reality we live. The same preacher said, "Why do I go
to church? It is longing - longing to see myself, you, this community and nation
and world fulfilled ... My most insistent feeling is, ‘There must be something
more.’"
That is a true reflection of our human situation - the disparity between the
longing of our hearts and the reality of our lives. Yet, hope is not quenched; it is
an inexpungeable quality of the human being and it is imperative to human
wellbeing that hope be fostered and nurtured. On what basis can we genuinely
hope? Certainly not on the basis of human ingenuity, cleverness or dependability.
Let me remind you of something I said last week when we considered
"confidence" or "trust." I pointed to the fact that we trust not on the basis of
experience, but in spite of experience, for our experience undercuts trust as often
as it confirms it. Trust is brought to experience, not derived from it.
So with hope: facing life with a positive, hopeful attitude full of expectation is
what we bring to experience, not what we achieve on the basis of experience.
When you think about it, it is quite remarkable that the human creature is
marked by an indomitable hope. There certainly is enough evidence about that
would seem to snuff it out. This is especially true in a society saturated with more
media coverage than is helpful or healthy.

© Grand Valley State University

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The Pope makes an historic visit to Cuba and gets second billing to the feeding
frenzy at the White House. The news media create a circus of all that devalues
around the lowest exploits of public personalities, playing to and pimping for
public prurience. And I am aware that what the public wants, the public gets, but
I’m not ready to grant that that fulfills the public trust of those who mirror the
happenings of our world. But, as long as money and profit is the sole aim of the
media, that is what we will get.
My point is that it is impossible to base the hope of the human soul on human
experience. Human performance in its worst aspects is focused on and magnified
incessantly and is cause for despair, not hope. Still, granting the presence of
despair and even cynicism, not without good cause, we continue to be people
marked by hope - and what a saving grace that is!
What, then, is its ground? You will not be startled that I claim that hope is
grounded in God.
Grounded in God.
It is easy enough to make that claim, but what does that mean? Certainly you
know me well enough to know that I am making no naive claim that God simply
fixes everything, that God will straighten what is crooked and right what is
wrong. Finding hope in God does not mean a denial of the darkness, a refusal to
acknowledge the hurt and pain of the human story, nor is it to see God as pulling
the strings of human events making it all turn out right. Multitudes have left the
church because their own experience put the lie to such Pollyanna thinking.
Yet, is not that deep longing in our hearts reflective of some profound intuition
that there is something more and we, with the whole cosmic drama, are in
process, on the way? And is it not precisely the constant rebirth of hope that
urges us on and calls us to work at world transformation? The French priestscientist, Teilhard de Chardin, said, "The world will belong tomorrow to those
who brought it the greatest hope."
Hope issues in desire, longing, the conviction that there is something more. And,
I want to say - something more here and now! We have tended in Christianity to
put off that something more to another age, another order. We have too often
given up on this world, spiritualized the promises of God’s words, internalized the
peace promised and abdicated our responsibility for Creation in all its fullness
and history in all its potential.
But that is not biblical hope. Let me tell you the story of Jeremiah as recorded in
the morning lesson. Jeremiah is called the weeping prophet. His was a difficult
task. He lived in the last days of Judah. He saw the decay of national life, the
doom on the horizon for a society that was unjust and lacking in compassion. He
saw, as well, mighty Babylon on the horizon and the inevitability of the coming

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conflict. He was called a traitor, one who undercut the morale of the people with
his dire predictions of imminent doom.
But, here is the irony: while he spoke boldly of Judah’s imminent defeat, he was
nonetheless a prophet of hope because he could see beyond the present tragedy
that there was yet a future for this people because God would keep God’s
promises. And this was not just wishful thinking. Chapter 32 tells of a relative
coming to Jeremiah telling him as next of kin that he should buy a piece of land
that had been part of the family heritage.
Were Jeremiah a cynic, one without hope, he might well have said, "No way."
Why should he pay good money for a piece of land that was part of a nation that
would soon be overtaken by the enemy? What good would it be to hold title to
land when chaos was around the corner?
But, Jeremiah had hope for the eventual restoration of Judah. He bought the
land, had the deed witnessed to publicly and instructed that the deed be buried in
an earthen jar to be preserved for the future when he or his family could claim
their inheritance.
This was a parable - a concrete transaction involving economic reality as a sign of
hope. Why Jeremiah? Because nothing bad will happen? Because maybe tragedy
will be averted? No. Jeremiah believed in the future because he believed in God,
he believed God intended a future for this people - in his words, because God was
the creator of the earth,
"Nothing is impossible for thee."
That is hope.
I’ve provided a paragraph in your liturgy from the theologian Paul Tillich:
The name of this infinite and inexhaustible ground of history is God. That
is what the word means, and it is that to which the words ‘Kingdom of
God’ and ‘Divine Providence’ point. And if these words do not have much
meaning for you, translate them, and speak of the depth of history, of the
ground and aim of our social life, and of what you take seriously without
reservation in your moral and political activities. Perhaps you should call
this depth ‘hope,’ simply hope. For if you find hope in the ground of
history, you are united with the great prophets who were able to look into
the depth of their times, who tried to escape it, because they could not
stand the horror of their vision, and who yet had the strength to look to an
even deeper level and there to discover hope.
As John A. T. Robinson, who quotes Tillich, remarks,

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Hope is so near to the heart of the meaning of God that, like love, it can
stand for it.
I find this same sense of hope as God’s presence with and life-sustaining
intention operative in the whole creation in St. Paul. Paul says we are saved by
hope. From the context, I think Paul means our humanity is saved, rescued,
preserved by the hope that is rooted in the conviction that God is engaged in lifecreating action in the whole cosmos.
Paul operates with the biblical paradigm of Creation-Fall-Redemption. Thus, he
sees Creation, the so-called natural realm, as under a curse due to human sin.
Frankly, I’ve always wondered about that. Did weeds spring up in Eve’s garden
because she ate the apple in disobedience to the divine command? Do animals
and we ourselves die because of sin? I don’t really think so.
But, what if we find another paradigm or model with which to understand the
cosmic drama and the human story? What if for Creation-Fall, we think of
emergent evolution? What if we translate Paul’s hope into such an understanding
of cosmic reality as it appears in the best science of our day? Then is it not
possible to see God as the source, creative energy, enlivening Presence in the
whole scheme of things?
A second reference in your liturgy is from the writer Nikos Kazantazkis from his
Report to Greco. Here is the poet with creative imagination portraying the cosmic
scheme of things.
Blowing through heaven and earth, and in our hearts and the heart of
every living thing, is a gigantic breath—a great Cry—which we call God.
Plant life wished to continue its motionless sleep next to stagnant waters,
but the Cry leaped up within it and violently shook its roots: ‘Away, let go
of the earth, walk!’ Had the tree been able to think and judge, it would
have cried, ‘I don’t want to. What are you urging me to do! You are
demanding the impossible!’ But the Cry, without pity, kept shaking its
roots and shouting, ‘Away, let go of the earth, walk!’
It shouted in this way for thousands of eons; and lo! as a result of desire
and struggle, life escaped the motionless tree and was liberated.
Animals appeared—worms—making themselves at home in water and
mud. ‘We’re just fine,’ they said. ‘We have peace and security; we’re not
budging!’
But the terrible Cry hammered itself pitilessly into their loins. ‘Leave the
mud, stand up, give birth to your betters!’
‘We don’t want to! We can’t!’

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‘You can’t, but I can. Stand up!’
And lo! After thousands of eons, man emerged, trembling on his still
unsolid legs.
The human being is a centaur; his equine hoofs are planted in the ground,
but his body from breast to head is worked on and tormented by the
merciless Cry. He has been fighting, again for thousands of eons, to draw
himself, like a sword, out of his animalistic scabbard. He is also fighting this is his new struggle - to draw himself out of his human scabbard. Man
calls in despair. ‘Where can I go? I have reached the pinnacle, beyond is
the abyss.’ And the Cry answers, ‘I am beyond.’ All things are centaurs. If
this were not the case, the world would rot into inertness and sterility.
Does not that give you goose bumps! I love Robinson’s comment:
The Cry - it links with what the Bible speaks of as "the call" of God, that
evocative, purposive love, which not only summons men to leave the
securities and satisfactions of life about them, but "calls generations from
the beginning" (Isaiah 41:4) ... But it links also with the cry of creation
itself, the yearning sigh of all being for its goal ...
There you have it; that is what I meant in the beginning when I said hope is
grounded in God. That is the explanation of the mystery as to why it is, how it is,
that the human being keeps on hoping. It is "The Cry," the relentless cry to
transcend all we have yet been and known. And we are driven on by this creative,
purposeful, enlivening life source. I can see no other explanation for the presence
of indomitable hope.
Thus we hope in spite of the news - Will the President be vindicated or will he
resign? Will Saddam Hussein back down, or will we go once more to war? Will we
acknowledge our arrogance and bully nature and open up to Cuba, or not? Will
the stock market steady or plunge? The list goes on; nothing is certain, all is
fragile and perilous. But hope will not be crushed nor defeated because God will
not abandon Creation and God’s purposeful love is for life.
I purchased an old book newly re-issued. I like the author; I like the subject
matter, but to be honest, I bought the book for the title. It is The Lure of Divine
Love. Is that not beautiful? Will you simply take that away with you from this
sermon? Let it seep into the pores of your being, because that is the deepest truth
of Christian faith - the lure of Divine love, pushing, pushing all things to life.
Hope is justified because it is hope in God, by God.

© Grand Valley State University

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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans' History Project
Gerald Hopkins
World War II
32 minutes 17 seconds
(00:00:12) Early Life
-Born in Blanchester, Ohio in 1927
-Grew up on a farm
-Went to Morrow High School in Morrow, Ohio
-Graduated from there
-Went to Wilmington College for a year and a half
-Parents were farmers and worked on two farms
-Able to keep their farm during the Great Depression
-Raised cattle and dairy cows and delivered milk
-He had a younger brother
-Graduated from high school in 1944
-Studied coaching and mathematics in college
-Wanted to become a teacher
(00:02:05) Getting Drafted, Basic Training, End of the War, &amp; Deployment Pt. 1
-Got drafted on June 19, 1945
-Went to Columbus, Ohio then got sent to Indiana then down to Texas
-Received basic training in Texas
-Played basketball for the battalion team during basic training
-Atomic bombs were dropped on Japan while he was in basic training
-Dramatically changed things because they were planning on invading Japan
-Received a thirty day leave in November 1945
-In December 1945 he received orders to go to Germany for occupation duty
(00:03:18) News of the War
-Followed the news of the war
-Knew in Texas they were training for the invasion of Japan
-Remembers hearing about the attack on Pearl Harbor
-Sitting on the living room floor doing his homework and he heard the news
-Attack came as a shock
-Didn't think about getting drafted, just tried to focus on the present
-Knew he would probably get drafted though and wanted to get some college
before that
(00:04:45) Basic Training &amp; Deployment Pt. 2
-Sent to Camp Walters, Texas for basic training
-Enjoyed his time in basic training and found it fun
-Enjoyed going on marches and playing baseball
-Learned how to climb down rope ladders into landing craft
-Only specific training he got pertaining to the invasion of Japan
-When it came time to be deployed he went to New Jersey and boarded a ship
-Remembers passing the White Cliffs of Dover in England en route to Europe

�-Pulled into Le Havre, France on Christmas 1945
(00:06:19) Occupation Duty in Marburg Pt. 1
-Assigned to office duty in Marburg, Germany
-Worked as a special orders clerk
-Processing paperwork for soldiers returning to the United States
-Stationed there for a month
(00:06:41) Arrival in Europe
-Remembers standing in line in Le Havre for Christmas dinner and it was raining
-Remembers going by train to Germany
-Passed through Paris
(00:07:06) Evidence of the War Pt. 1
-Didn't see damage from the war until he got into Germany
-No damage from the war in Marburg
(00:07:52) Vacation in Switzerland
-Went to Switzerland for a week's vacation while stationed in Marburg
-The vacation only cost him $75
-Paid for lodging, food, transportation, and skiing
-Went skiing on the Matterhorn
-Stayed in Zermatt
(00:08:16) Show Business Duty Pt. 1
-Transferred to Kassel, Germany
-Planned on going to Berlin
-Saw a GI song and dance show and decided to get into that
-Requested a transfer to 3rd Special Services to do song and dance
-Request was granted
-Went to a city on the Rhine River (possibly Ochsenhausen) in May 1946
-Rehearsed during the summer
-Played shows around Germany as part of "Script and Score"
-Soldiers' show with the 3rd Special Services
-He performed a magic act
-Performed in PXs (post exchange)
-Visited Stuttgart
(00:10:17) End of Service &amp; Coming Home Pt. 1
-Offered a chance to reenlist and go home
-Decided to go back home and return to college
-Sent to Bremerhaven, Germany and took a ship back to New Jersey in late November
1946
-Discharged in December 1946
-Got a ticket to Tucson, Arizona
-Parents had sold their farm and moved there
-Visited his parents then returned to Ohio because he had a girlfriend there
(00:11:55) Evidence of the War Pt. 2
-Never got to see Berlin
-Saw Kassel, Munich, Stuttgart, and Wiesbaden
-There were a few places, like Nuremberg, that had sustained heavy damage

�-Other places, like Stuttgart, had been spared
-Kassel had sustained some damage
-The city he went to on the Rhine River was virtually untouched
(00:12:52) Contact with Germans and British
-The German people wanted to trade and buy things from American soldiers
-He had no trouble with the German people
-Met some British soldiers in a British hospital when he was having trouble with his feet
-He wasn't comfortable around them
-Found them too proper
(00:14:15) Living Conditions &amp; Downtime
-Once he got into show business he got to stay in hotels
-Slept and ate in hotels
-Had bands of Displaced Persons (refugees) play music for them in hotels
-While in Marburg he got treated to music with dinner
-Went to nightclubs and beer halls
-Went to dances with German girls
-Didn't have a lot of downtime while he was in show business
-Spent all day preparing for shows
-Performed at night
(00:16:02) Occupation Duty in Marburg Pt. 2
-In Marburg did a lot of paperwork
-Had a German secretary help him and was a good typist
(00:16:26) Crime in Germany
-Never ran into any crime
-Aware of black market activities in Germany
(00:16:59) Gypsies
-Met some gypsies in Marburg
-They set up camp near the base
-He visited the gypsy camp and performed magic tricks for the children
-The gypsy children all smoked and he gave them a few of his cigarettes
-None of the gypsies could speak English
-The most they knew how to say was, "Cigarette, Joe?"
-They stayed in Marburg for three or four days then left
(00:18:42) End of Service &amp; Coming Home Pt. 2
-He was pressured to enlist in the National Guard after getting discharged in New Jersey
-Remembers walking to the train station after getting discharged
-Failed to salute a lieutenant
-The lieutenant yelled at Gerald about failing to salute an officer
-Gerald proceeded to explain that he was a civilian and walked
away
-Discharged in December 1946
(00:20:07) Life after the Service
-Went back to college in January 1947
-Got married in 1947
-Took a half semester of college in Kentucky then returned to Wilmington College

�-Graduated from college in 1949
-Qualified to be a teacher, but there were no job openings in August 1949
-Got a job with GM
-Retired from that after thirty years
-Lived in Ohio until 1972
-Moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan and worked at the GM factory on 36th Street
-Retired in 1982
-GI Bill paid for his college
-When he got discharged he was completely out of the Army
-As a result, the Korean War had no effect on him
-Noticed a major change in public opinion during the Korean War and Vietnam War
(00:22:30) Life during World War II
-Remembers rationing during the Second World War
-Gas was rationed
-Because they were farmers they were allowed extra gas
(00:23:22) Veterans' Group
-He was part of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) when he lived in Ohio
-Helped organize bingo games
-Ran a blackjack table at the VFW
(00:24:08) End of the War Pt. 2
-The news of the atomic bombs being dropped on Japan came as a shock
-Realized that Japan was going to surrender and the invasion was called off
-Knew he would get called up for occupation duty
-On Victory in Japan Day there were big celebrations in Texas
-On Victory in Europe Day there were celebrations, but the war with Japan muted them
(00:26:04) Talons Out Honor Flight
-Note: The Talons Out Honor Flight was an organized tour and event for WWII and
terminally ill veterans that brought them to Washington D.C. to commemorate their
service and show them the National Mall in May 2015
-He enjoyed his trip
-Full day that began at 5:30 AM and ended at midnight
-Felt that it was done well
-Went with men from his retirement home that are friends and also veterans of World
War II
-A memorable day
(00:27:46) Show Business Duty Pt. 2
-Did a Ted Lewis style routine and sang "Me and My Shadow"
-Combination of comedy and song
-Some soldiers did a dance routine
-A lot of slaptstick comedy
-Their goal was to get the soldiers to laugh a little and not be homesick
-Performed in opera houses
(00:29:06) Reflections on Service
-Feels that it was a great vacation opportunity provided to him by the Army
-Chance to be young and see parts of the world he probably wouldn't have gotten
to see

�-Everything was good, for the most part
-There were some bad experiences, but nothing too traumatic

�</text>
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                <text>Gerald Hopkins was born in Blanchester, Ohio in 1927. He was drafted on June 19, 1945 and was processed in Ohio and Indiana before going to Camp Walters, Texas for basic training to prepare for the invasion of Japan. When the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan and Japan surrendered the invasion plans changed and he was assigned to occupation duty in Germany. He was deployed to Germany in December 1945 and arrived in Le Havre, France. He was stationed in Marburg, Germany for a month working as a special orders clerk (processing soldiers being sent home) before applying for the 3rd Special Services as a performer. He traveled around Germany with the GI song and dance troupe "Script and Score" performing in German cities all around West Germany. In November 1946 he took a ship back to the United States and was discharged in New Jersey in December 1946.</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project Interview
Korean War
Donald Hopper

17:33

Introduction (01:01)






Donald was born in Sault Saint Marie, Michigan on December 14, 1933.
He had three brothers and three sisters.
His older brother was in the Air Force and his younger brother was in the Army, but
received a medical discharge due to a knee injury.
Prior to his service, Donald was a student at the Michigan College of Mining and
Technology, known today as Michigan Technical University (Michigan Tech).
He enlisted in the Marine Corps because he wanted to be as prepared as he could prior to
going into battle.

Military (02:27)














The training was rigorous, strenuous and well worth while.
Donald went to boot camp in San Diego, California and after that he went to Camp
Pendleton where he learned advanced combat training. This lasted for eight additional
weeks after boot camp.
It was not difficult for Donald to adjust to military life. He got up at 3am and worked all
day until they went to bed at 9pm that night.
When they went to the mess hall, they stood outside in formation. They were admitted
by platoon, and they were given five minutes to get in, get their food, eat it, and then be
back out in formation. Not many people were able to really eat a full meal. (04:28)
Donald served in California and Virginia.
When Korea ended, he was stationed at Quantico, Virginia.
The attitude was different back then, everybody was expected to serve. You were either
drafted or enlisted but everyone served in some way.
Adjustment back into civilian life was different, but it did not take long to shake off the
military lifestyle and rejoin the civilian ranks.
He restarted his schooling right after his discharge, so he didn’t have time to not adjust.
(06:33)
Over the years, he maintained contact with some of his friends from the service, but most
of them are dead now.
Going into boot camp, they were told that they would be there for over three months.
And during that time, they were molded into Marines.
After all these years, Donald still considers himself a Marine.
One lesson that he learned was love of country. Also he learned that if he put his mind to
doing something, he could do it. (08:27)

�World War II Memories (08:45)







Donald was seven years old when Pearl Harbor was bombed, and he remembers when it
happened.
His dad was in his forties at the time and he had to register for the draft. He also fought
in the first World War in France. He did not have to serve in the Second World War
Sault St. Marie was a strategic location because of the locks that transported iron ore.
Near his house, they had barrage balloon sites. These balloons were the size of a house,
and were run up a cable and discouraged aircraft from flying around. (10:46)
He and his friends would run errands for the soldiers stationed nearby, such as getting
them ice cream and other things.
His parents would also invite the troops over to their house for Sunday dinner.

Marine Corps (12:15)










After completing advanced combat training at Camp Pendleton, most of the men that
trained with Donald were sent to Korea.
Donald missed out on the fierce fighting that was still going on in country.
He was sent to an Army base, Fort Belvoir, in Virginia and took a course on
topographical surveying.
It was his function to layout where artillery was set and relay positions.
He was then sent to Quantico, Virginia where he was assigned to the Marine Corps
Equipment Board. They were sent new gear and equipment, such as ammunition, rifles
and other combat gear. They would test this new gear and find out if the Marine Corps
wanted to purchase it.
Donald tested heavy construction equipment such as bulldozers, scrapers and loaders. He
would go all over the country building roads with the new machines and testing them out.
(14:55)
He did that until the time he was discharged.
One piece of advice Donald would like to share with future generations is to love your
country, and do what you can to make it better. Think of the country and not think about
yourself. America is a great place and we’re very fortunate to live here.

�</text>
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