393 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1481281034005330540465423daef7ac.jpg bf685cf31b73514797bc6b3bcb69a793 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_2_1909-1911_012 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910-07-13 Title A name given to the resource Holland looking east Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Holland shoreline, looking east. Subject The topic of the resource Holland (Mich.) Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b047f6ba48abcc9c2ed6ed0f3f926c72.jpg 910fa1fc13864c65bf1e80761a47b085 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HollandReid_Photo1 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Holland, Reid Description An account of the resource Reid Holland, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/06a515794d4f2b40a947853e3df65781.jpg 89d9e6dd418e2248bf178aed1637cbdd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HollandReid_Photo2 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Holland, Reid Description An account of the resource Reid Holland, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e757ff9c3f4af17cf98fb9ddba11f25f.jpg 991160d99d9d41832bfc9dcc22e6f9d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HollandReid_Photo3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Title A name given to the resource Holland, Reid Description An account of the resource Reid Holland, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1979s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cdf793ae08d32e7a91a3cc1897f3d8d8.m4v 52e9425c531a55314520b4ff078f01c8 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e9b34bcf5ec08dfe687e133f00812004.pdf 175ab9e34447e6ef3c83d3df59bb25aa PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Dick Hollebeek World War II 1 hour 17 minutes 09 seconds (00:00:11) Early Life -Born in 1924 in Sanborn Iowa. -Father a minister -Moved to Lynden Washington in 5th grade. -Frequently listened to radio, even speeches from Mussolini and Hitler. -Heard about Pearl Harbor attack on the radio at home. -After hearing this news he informed people at the church. No one believed him. -Hadn’t followed world news too closely. -Offered numerous jobs that could keep him out of military. -Refused and instead asked for an early calling from the draft board. -Father was not an isolationist. (00:03:47) Basic Training and the Salvage Repair Company -Entered service on March 17th 1943. -Sent to Camp White Oregon for basic training -Nicknamed “the Alcatraz” of Army camps. -The desert environment made for red clay and rain that kept boots heavy with debris. -Made training difficult. -Drill instructors were previously in Panama. -Some training involved: 80 mile long hikes in four days, swimming across a river, compass work at night. -Captain was around 40 years old. -Training at Camp White lasted about 6 months. -Assigned to the 216th Salvage Repair Company. -As part of a battalion that would repair equipment and materials that could be repurposed. -Received infantry training and repair work. -Training continued once in England. (00:10:00) -His particular specialty was running the sewing machine to repair clothing, tents, etc. -Medford Oregon was nearby. -During downtime many would go to bars. -Went to chapel at Camp White on Sundays. -Congress had recently passed a law requiring a furlough before going overseas to War. -Received a six day furlough. -Informed only his father, and no one else, that he was being sent overseas. -Devised a coded way to send letters to his father that could inform him of his current location. -A certain letter of a certain number word of every third sentence. �-Shipped out from Camp Shanks New York. -Arrived by train, an old coal fired train. -Trip duration of almost five days. -Stopped at North or South Dakota where they were given a drill and fed. -Stopped at Chicago stock yard. -At Camp Shanks about a week and a half. -Speaking about the medical shots he received entering basic training. -Received twelve shots. -Shown a film about hygiene. -At the end of the night he passed out. -Spent one night in New York City in his time at Camp Shanks. (00:18:21) Ocean Crossing and England -Departed on the Queen Elizabeth. -It was next to the Normandy which was damaged. -Crew of 15,000 troops. -Two meals a day: stewed tomato, and a “blind robin” (dried fish). -Good weather for the trip. -Route went south of Azores, then straight north to Glasgow Scotland. -Took a train to Wales England. -Stayed in Wales until a place was found for them in Liverpool. -One instance: a drill done in the rain resulted in most the soldiers coming down with a cold. -Next they were sent to Seaforth Barracks near Liverpool England. -Barebones with straw packed mattresses for beds. -Interacted with locals, very nice people, went to church with a local girl. -Liverpool had many British and American troops. -British and American troops didn’t like one another too much. -Damage from German bombings was evident. -Didn’t experience bombings while in Liverpool. -Experienced three air-raids during a furlough in London. -First, in a Red Cross building. -Another at 10 Downing street where there was a crater. -Germans used regular bombs. -Third time, at a theater where he decided to stay for the movie. (00:28:30) France -Travelled to France in July. D+39 -Crossed the channel on the SS Invicta. -Climbed down rope nets to water and waded ashore. -German prisoners of war were being held on shore. -Landed on Utah Beach of France. -He was a rifle grenadier. -Grenades were kept strapped to his legs. -In the confusion of the night the unit was spread out and not collected again until three o’clock the next day after hours of marching. -Estimated to be about 5-6 miles from the front lines at that point. �-After about a week and a half, their trailers arrived and were able to commence salvage repairs. -Digging foxholes during the day. -Took a piece of shrapnel as a memento, one that he still owns. -Timeline of their advance from his personal records: -July 19th landed on Utah Beach. -July 20th in Isigny. -August 3rd at Saint-Lo. -August 20th at Vire. (00:36:26) Belgium -Longest stop on the route in Vivier Belgium. -From October 26th to December 24th 1944. -Stayed in a paper factory that was damaged but out of the weather. -Germans were V1 buzz-bombing the area. -One nearby knocked him against a wall. -Among locals the children were most friendly. -Encountered fleeing locals as the Battle of the Bulge was starting. -Evacuated on December 24th in trucks. -Temperatures were below zero and ~16 inches of snow. -Arrived in Gistoux around 2:30 AM. -Stayed in Gistoux until February. -Worked to return to a normal routine making some repairs. -One instance of a German attack: a plane dropped “butterfly bombs” near a slit trench. -About seven members of their unit were injured. -One suffered severe damage losing both of his feet. -Previous events of injuries: someone diving onto barbed wire, and a suicide. (00:48:52) Germany -Proceeded toward Germany to Aachen. -Went through Aachen after it was captured. -At a paper factory in Duren Germany they were sprayed with DDT to keep rats away. -Proceeded to Castle, Calder, and Hersfeld where they were located when the War ended. -Witnessed thousands of German POWs as they advanced. -Some SS prisoners wished to be perceived as regular military and the other Germans had beaten some to death. -SS members were arrogant. -German military soldiers as young as twelve. -Witnessed a group of Russian women, likely laborers, being sent back to Russia. -Remained in Hersfeld Germany from April 25th to August 6th. (00:55:15) End of the War, Return to the U.S. and Misc. -Once the War ended they no longer needed to do salvage repair work. -Their unit was given various options to go to Switzerland, Paris, England. -Went to Switzerland where he was treated well with respect. -Went to Paris, saw Notre Dame and other cathedrals. -Sent to Camp Boston in France to await orders. �-Secretly they were being considered to be shipped to Japan or the Pacific. -However Japan surrendered four days before embarking. -Bound for Boston once again. -Arrived in Boston on November 22nd, Thanksgiving Day. -The ship ride back to the US was very rough with high winds. (01:00:00) -Arrived in Buchenwald concentration camp about 2-3 weeks after its capture. -By that time it was “cleaned up” although still quite terrible. -Gallows, ovens, just a few remaining prisoners. -Back to the return home Boston in the US. -The one millionth soldier to return home was given the key to the city in celebration. -The man had to be carried considering he was drunk. -Celebration dinner was just about any food you wanted. -After his father’s death, his family moved to Grand Rapids. -And so his discharge came out of Camp Atturbury Indiana. -Father died while he was in Hersfeld Germany. -No viable way to return home at that point. -Wished to see his uncle in the Netherlands but the Army insisted it was too dangerous. -He was granted a day off with his friend where they attended a local church service. -Discharged from Camp Atterbury Indiana and proceeded to Grand Rapids Michigan. -His mother and two sisters were living in upstairs of his aunt’s home. (01:10:00) -Work life: -Found a job at a local factory -Worked with a photographer and went to school for photography. -Went to work at Steelcase for 32 years. -Married in 1948. -Currently married for 66 years. -Appreciates the role of discipline the Army imbued in him. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_HollebeekD1881V Title A name given to the resource Hollebeek, Dick David (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-09-17 Description An account of the resource Dick Hollebeek was born Iowa in 1924 but moved to Washington during his youth. He enlisted in the Army in March 1943 and was sent to Camp White Oregon for basic training. Dick became part of the 216th Salvage Repair Company, and his particular focus dealt with patching clothing, tents, and sewing material. When the time came he shipped out from Camp Shanks New York on the Queen Elizabeth. In England he would spend time at Seaforth Barracks near Liverpool, and witnessed a number of air raids. After D-Day his Company traveled to Utah beach in France where he was a rifle grenadier. After a grueling march they spent an extended time in Vivier Belgium, and later Gistoux. Finally their Company made it to Aachen Germany, and all the way to Hersfeld where the European portion of the War was called to a close. This included Buchenwald concentration camp as well. Post-war, Dick was eventually sent to Camp Boston in France where he waited to be sent home. After returning to the US, Dick was discharged from Camp Atturbury and stayed in Grand Rapids as his family had moved there to Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hollebeek, Dick David Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a5fcdd16e25e2ae19d895b686c74dc92.jpg 65ceff335a8dbd50b26c20ce666adc41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HollisCarol Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Hollis, Carol Description An account of the resource Carol Hollis, Counselor Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/42e2fc5e00da895dabaf87142aaf0c10.jpg 22e518915eb9bb95aeffcdb0fd79b510 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Concert & Event Posters Subject The topic of the resource Posters Events Michigan Universities & colleges--Michigan Description An account of the resource Division of Student Services provides programs, services, and environments that enhance the personal, social, and intellectual growth of undergraduate and graduate students at the University. Events including concerts were managed by the office of Student Life. Posters for music, speakers, poetry readings and other campuswide events are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Division of Student Services Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1963 – 1981 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV028-06_HollyNear Title A name given to the resource Holly Near and Mary Watkins, September 30, 1977 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities & colleges--Michigan Events Posters Description An account of the resource Holly Near and Mary Watkins, at the first Grand Valley State Women's Harvest Moon Festival presented by the GVSC Women's Information Bureau, September 30, 1977 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/106">Student Services concerts, events, and posters files, (GV028-06)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/27c0f43bea1a5873526d8e07d5745099.pdf 51e042ecc8daa577f0523b11898e4da9 PDF Text Text HOLLY TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN ;: =--/ ·. , •. __ _; ,,. ,~ ... ,: .....":.._ ~ :-. ;*;e;/ ,.,.,..-- ir,;. .:-:.:.:-- •.• __ . ,. _:. ... ~ ~ ........ (· ~ / ·•·., .. Assisted by: Carlisle ~ates 123 North Ahley, Suite 203 Ann.Arbor, MI 48104 �HOLLY TOWNSIDP PLANNING COMMISSION • Jackie Waugh, Chairman Jack Sutliff, Vice Chairman Susan Stenson, Secretary Larry Leazenby Russell Haddon James Stone Ken Hecht Adopted by Planning Commission on February 12, 1990 HOLLY TOWNSIDP BOARD • James Greig, Supervisor B. J. Goulish, Clerk Bernice Alexander, Tresurer Harold Mitchell Ken Hecht • �TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 What is Planning? How is the Plan to be Used? How is the Plan Organized? BACKGROUND STUDIES SUMMARY 3 GENERAL GOALS AND POLICIES 6 General Goals Specific Policies IAND USE PLAN 12 THOROUGHFARE PLAN 14 IMPLEMENTATION 18 BACKGROUND STUDIES APPENDIX A NATURAL AREAS STUDIES APPENDIXB �. INTRODUCTION This document represents the revision and up-date of the Holly Township Master Plan, adopted in 19 77. Since adoption of the original plan, a number of changes have occurred both within the Township and the surrounding area. To ensure that development policies reflect current conditions in the Township, it is essential that the Master Plan is periodically evaluated and kept up to date. What is Planning? Planning is a process which involves the conscious selection of policy choices relating to land use, growth and development in the community. Tbe Plan ia the oaly official Township doc,nDCat 'Which sets forth policill for tbe fwure of daa ~ c::nity. w.... The Township derives its authority for the preparation of a Master Plan from the Township Planning Act, P.A. 168 of 1959. Section 6 of the Act states: The planning commission shall make and adopt a basic plan as a guide for the development of unincorporated portions of the township. As a basis for the plan, the planning commission is hereby empowered to ( 1) make inquiries, investigations and surveys of all the resources of the township and (2) assemble and analyze data and formulate plans for the proper conservation and uses of all resources, including a determination of the extent of probable future need for the most advantageous designation of lands having various use potentials and for services, facilities and utilities required to equip such lands. How Is The Plan to be U scd? The Plan serves many functions and is to be used in a variety of ways: 1) The Plan is a general statement of the Townships goals and policies and provide a single, comprehensive view of the community's desire for the future. 2) The Plan serves as an aid in daily decision-making. The goals and policies outlined in the Plan guide the Planning Commission and Township Board in their deliberations on zoning, subdivision, capital improvements and other matters relating to the land use and development. This provides a stable, long-term basis for decision-making. 3) A third function the plan serves is providing the statutory basis upon which zoning decisions arc based. The Township Rural Zoning Act (P.A. 184 of 1843, as amended) require that the zoning ordinance be based upon a plan designed to promote the public health, safety and general welfare. However, it is important to note that the Master Plan and accompanying maps do not ~lace other Township Ordinances, specifically the Zoning Ordinance and Map. £ S I!J;;,lf the 4) S) Holly Towmhip 1i~ '!tt• tJlf 1. , § I 1 ■n: I ffl · d . d e an attempts to coor e pu 1c unprovements an pnvate eve opments. For example, public investments such as road improvement should be located in areas identified in the Plan as having the greatest benefit to the Township and its residents. Th Finally, the plan serves as an educational tool and gives citizens, property owners, Pap 1 Muter Plan �developers and adjacent communities a clear indication of the Township's direction for the future. In summation, the Township Master plan is the only officially adopted documents which sets forth an agenda for the achievement of goals and policies. The plan is not a panacea for the numerous conflicting desires of citizens and Township officials. It is a long range statement of general goals and policies aimed at the unified and coordinated development of the Township. As such, it provides the basis upon which zoning and land use decisions are made. How is the Plan Organized? The Holly Township Master Plan is comprised of three basic sections. The BACKGROUND section discusses current situations and projected trends, illustrating the point from which planning must begin. The GOALS AND POLICIES section outlines policies which provide a framework for a final plan. The LAND USE PLAN and THOROUGHFARE PLAN are the end result of combining current situations with future concepts. While the starting point is unalterable, the end result can be changed according to the policies applied. Holly Township Papl -- Master Plan -- - -- �.I BACKGROUND STUDIES SUMMARY A number of studies were conducted to determine existing and expected conditions in the Township. Background studies are summarized below and presented in full in Appendix. Access Access into the Township is a severely limited. 1-75 is accessed only at Grange Hall Road at the eastern border of the Township; Dixie Highway cuts across the north-east comer of the Township, providing access to a few east-west local roads; and US-23 provides limited access approximately ten miles to the west, through Fenton. Natural Characteristics Holly Township bas considerable areas of twelve percent slopes which should generally not be developed because of their uniqueness in south-east Michigan. More than 35 lakes are scattered throughout the Township, occupying 6% of total land area. Extensive wetlands surround the many water bodies as well, although it is estimated that only 22% of presettlement wetlands remain. The predominant soils types in the Township are Pipestone, Eau Clair, and Wixom, which are not strongly suited for septic tank development as they are mostly clay. • · .• , A complete survey of natural characteristics in Holly Township was completed by Oakland County Planning, including mapping of soils, vegetation, wetlands, flood plains, and topography. The complete map series is on display at the Township offices. Natural Areas In 1988, a complete survey of natural areas was completed in conjunction with the Michigan Natural Features Inventory Program. Significant natural communities were mapped and evaluated for rare species. Twenty-two sites were deemed worthy of protection because of one or more values, and further studied in consideration of preserve design and format. A summary of the report, prepared by the Michigan Nature Conservancy, is provided in Appendix B. Population ud Housing 1980 census data showed Holly Township's population to be 3,612. SEMCOG Small Area · Forecasts project a 40% increase in population, to 5,207 by the year 2005. Holly Township is slightly below the median income in Oakland County at $24,057, and Holly Village is considerably lower at $21,327. Home values in Holly Township appear to have kept up with area increases in value over the past five years, while Holly Village remains with the lowest average home values in the area. In Holly Township, 89% of residents own their homes, while 76% of Holly Village residents are owners. Holly Township Pqe3 Master Plan �Economic Bue The tax base in Holly Township declined by an overall .4 million between 1982 and 1986, but increased by 4.8 million between 1986 and 1987. Between 1987 and 1988 figures show an increase of over 1.5 million, to a total of $45,402,040. In relation to townships surrounding Holly in Oakland County, tax base figures are low. Roadways There are roughly 23 miles of primary road in Holly Township and 36 miles oflocal road, with a majority of road surfaces being gravel. Primary north-south routes in the Township include North Holly Road, which is paved, and Fish Lake Road, which is only partially paved. East-west access is provided by Grange Hall Road, a class A, all-weather road in the southern portion of the Township, and Belford Road, a gravel surface in the northern portion of the Township. Strategic Planning Reports of the Oakland County Road Com.mission note that rather than paving gravel roads, increased maintenance on existing roads is the highest priority for Holly Township in the future. Land Use Patterns Existing land usc patterns arc described by the following text and graphic: Single-Family Residential - Most single-family housing is concentrated in the Village of Holly. Expansion into the Township has been sparsely scattered along major road frontages. Small groupings have developed around some lakes, with one large subdivision surrounding Spring Lake in the east. Single-family is the largest single developed category of land use in the Township, although it is expected to remain a relatively low density community. Multiple Family - This type of residential development has been confined to the north end of Holly Village. No Multiple Family exists within the Township itself. Institutional - Institutional uses arc scattered throughout the Village of Holly but have not grown extensively into the Township. CommerciaJ,Office - Commercial,Office land usc in the Township is concentrated on Grange Hall . Road, the major east-west connector accessing I-75 and U.S. 23. There is very little CommerciaJ,,Office elsewhere in the Township. Industrial - While industrial land is scattered along rail corridors in Holly Village, industrial development in the Township is limited to the Grange Hall/Fish Lake Road area. Recreation and Conservation - An unusually large amount of land is occupied by this category. Seven Lakes State Park and the Holly State Recreation area are located on either side of the Township, constricting east west expansion from the northern half of the Village. However, Holly Village is built on a major north-south axis, likely to influence growth in that direction. Agricultural and Open Space - Holly Township has consistently ranked in the top five communities holding land under the Farmland & Open Space Preservation Act, which serves to preserve productive farmland. Holly Township Pap4 Muter Plan �z --m I Q . . ~,onca Holly Township PqeS Master Plan �GENERAL GOALS AND POLICIES The following pages outline the goals and policies of the Township. Goals are the general statements that define the direction and character of future development. Policies set forth the framework for action and form the basis upon which more detailed development decisions are made. Adoption of policies docs not commit the Township to any particular recommendation, but docs commit it to take actions that arc consistent with the policy guidelines. The followma aaatementa reflect the primary aoala of the Towmilip, u ..... la the most general tmu: Goal 1: Goal 2: Maintain tile abundance wl ..Uty eC-uaa adnowleclae the raultlng Jbnitlem to Jtetaill the uaique nnl llli4eatial place to Hve, wolk, and plat; Goal 3: ca widlill the Township, and _ · - ~-;·_~M-tjlitf of die Township as a :. . . onwoa choices. . Promote economic growth, commensurate and compatible with the existing conditions within the Township, and in cooperation with the Village of Holly. SPECIFIC POLICY GUIDELINES Policy I: Land Use Intensity Specific guidelines governing the intensity ofland use should be dependent on the natural capability of the land to support various degrees of development. • Low intensity land uses should be located where natural resource conditions are least capable of supporting development, existing roads are inadequate, and existing low density land use patterns currently exist. Compatible land uses would generally consist of low density residential, open and agricultural land, and recreational land. • Medium intensity uses should be located where natural resource conditions are moderately capable of supporting development, adequate rOB(U are accessible, and existing medium density land use patterns exist. Suitable land uses would consist of medium density residential with complementary local commercial, office, public, and quasi-public uses. • High intensity uses require access to major thoroughfares and expressways, existing medium to high density land use patterns, and natural resource conditions most capable of supporting development. High density residential, office, industrial and general commercial land uses would be consistent. Policy 2: Natural Resource Capability All development shall respect the following natural characteristics and constraints: Holly Township Pap6 Master Plan �Wetlands • The protection of wetlands is essential in order to preserve water quality, stabilize stonnwater runoff, recharge groundwater and provide fish and wildlife habitat. The highest priority is for the preservation of wetlands in their natural state. • While the actual boundaries and the significance of specific wetland areas must be determined at the time of development review, three aspects of wetland protection should be recognized in reviewing proposed developments within and in the vicinity of wetland areas. 1) Wetland area itself. 2) The adjacent fringe or buffer area. 3) The remainder of the watersheds which drain into and out of the wetland area beyond the fringe or buffer area. Woodlands • The conservation of woodland is imperative to protect water and soil quality, increase air quality, buffer noise pollution, moderate local climate and storm haurds, preserve wildlife habitats, and preserve aesthetic values and community beauty. • Development which is pennitted in and around wooded areas should be planned, constructed, and maintained so that existing healthy trees and native vegetation are preserved. The objective should be to preserve native trees rather than to rely on removal and subsequent replanting. The diversity of woodland areas should be protected to ensure long-tenn stability, and the variety of species preserved. Slopes • The existing land fonn should be made a part of land use planning and design. The primary objective should be preservation of the natural contours rather than alteration through mass grading. • Careful planning of slopes is necessary in order to reduce erosion, maintain s1ability, and control amounts and velocities of runoff. Grouadwater Protection and Recbarge • Groundwater recharge areas restore water levels in underground storage areas and supply water to lakes, rivers and streams. Due to the reliance on individual wells, retention and protection of groundwater resources is important to both Holly Township and surrounding areas. Since recharge areas extend beyond Holly Township boundaries, County and regional cooperation will be needed to effectively manage this problem. • Recharge areas are best kept as open space, or low density uses, to retain as much of the penneable surface as possible. Land grading should be controlled to retain Holly Township Pqe7 Muter Plan • �... the water holding characteristics of the land. Vegetation essential to the water holding characteristics should be preserved, or where necessary enhanced as part of a development program. • Recharge areas should be protected from pollution by controlling all uses which discharge wastes into the hydrogeologic cycle. Especially critical for monitoring are uses which handle hazardous materials which might leak or spill. Drainage • Protection of slopes, woodlands, and wetlands within the watershed and proper management of land use and development are essential to maintaining the quantity and quality of storm drainage. • Natural vegetation and topographical features along stream corridors and waterways should be preserved. Uses should be restricted to those which offer no danger of topographical disturbance to the corridor, degradation of water quality, increased runoff, sedimentation, or stream channel alteration. • Surface water runoff should not exceed the rate which occurs under existing, undeveloped conditions. Control of runoff prevents overloading of streams and long-term erosion from uncontrolled, high velocity discharges. • Agricultural practices should respect stream corridors and waterways and the natural drainage and runoff patterns associated with them, in concurrence with the development constraints listed above. Natural Area& • The preservation of natural areas identified through the Michigan Natural Features Inventory and the supplemental study conducted for the Township by the Nature Conservancy of Michigan is essential to maintaining the Townships unique heritage and clwacter. • Protection and management of the identified natural areas should be consistent with the recommendations of the Nature Conservancy Report and is best achieved through a public-private partnership. lleaidential Land Use Policy 3: Dependent on the capability of the natural resource base and availability of public services, the opportunity for a range of residential densities and styles should be pmvidcd. •1111•111 'It t IIM I .. 1riD Irie If 111,wd ~ ,-venti.na the iuata • _. I r.pdw tmfflc paaans. Residential land use is broken down into three density clmsifications: • Holly Township clllil•rllilll _ Low density single family provides for one ( 1) dwelling unit per five (5) acres. Master Plan �• Medium density single family provides for one ( l) dwelling unit per one (1) acre. • High density single family provides for two (2) dwelling units per acre. • Multiple Family provides for five (5) dwelling units per acre. • Low Density Residential is planned for areas compatible with existing low density development and capable of supporting additional low density development due to natural resource and road conditions. It is unlikely that such areas will be served by improved roads in the near future, which would allow more dense development. In addition, the maintenance oflow densities in certain areas is intended to provide for the continued preservation of open space, natural areas and the rural atmosphere of the Township. • Medium Density Residential is planned for areas with existing medium density development and moderately capable of supporting additional development due to natural resource conditions. Such areas will also serve as a transition between low and high density residential area. • High Density Residential and Multiple Family is planned for areas most capable of supporting additional development due to the availability of utilities, natural resource conditions, and the adequacy of roads. Areas especially suited for high density and multiple family development are located in close proximity to the Village ofHolly. Sanitary Sewers and Water Policy 4: ~ Plans for the extension of sanitary sewer and water facilities are limited to areas only where existing population densities and natural resource conditions warrant it necessary for public health, safety and welfare. • Such areas will be primarily in close proximity to the Village of Holly. • Cost of implementation should be borne by benefiting property owners. Policy 5: Roads The road network within the Township presents both opportunities and constraints for development. The capability of the road network is emphasized as a primary consideration in land use planning decisions and is reflected by the Thoroughfare Plan. Road improvement priorities are based upon a hierarchy established by the function each road serves. The allocation of improvement dollars shall give priority towards roads which function to benefit the greatest number of Township residents or provide the greatest economic benefit to the Township. For example, it makes little sense to improve a collector road which empties onto a major thoroughfare which is in a state of disrepair. No attempt will be made to propose costly road relocations or alter basic road patterns which have been established for years. Holly Township Pap9 Muter Plan ,_:. qa Y �• Maior Thoroughfares - The function of major thoroughfares is to carry larger volumes of traffic either between activity areas within the Township or through the Township. They also provide access to the expressways which serve the Township. The improvement of major thoroughfares rate the highest priority with the Township. • Minor Thoroughfares - The function of minor thoroughfares are much the same as major thoroughfares, although more moderate volumes of traffic are carried. The improvement of minor thoroughfares rate the second highest priority within the Township. • Collector Roads - The function of collector roads are to collect traffic from residential areas and carry it to major or minor thoroughfares. Traffic volumes arc generally low. The improvement of collector roads rate the third highest priority within the Township. • Local Streets orRoads- The function oflocal streets or roads arc to provide direct access from individual properties. Traffic volumes are very low. The improvement oflocal streets or roads rate the lowest priority within the Township. Parks, Recreation and Open Space Policy 6: A significant asset of Holly Township is the availability of quality open space, parks, and recreation facilities. Every effort shall be made to protect and enhance the system of open space and recreation within the township. • Intergovernmental cooperation between Townships, Village, County, Regional, State and Federal authorities is essential to the development of a system which balances the preservation of open space and environmental amenities and the provision of active recreation programs and facilities. • Higher real incomes, better educational opportunities, greater amounts of leisure time, and continued population growth will lead to greater and greater demands for recreational facilities. To meet these needs, open space programs should be made an integral element of all land use and zoning provisions in the township. • The special role of the township will be to encourage the preservation of unique features and woodlands by ordinance and to encourage private developers to preserve their most unique lands in proposed developments. Commercial Development Policy 7: Due to the low population density in the Township and the availability of commercial development in the Village of Holly, Fenton and Grand Blanc, the amount of planned commercial land use in the township should be minimized and based on serving the convenience needs of Township residents and capability of the land to support such development. • Commercial use shall be located with direct accessibility to a paved thoroughfare in areas which have minimal impact to neighboring residential areas. • Strip commercial development will be discouraged. Holly Township Pap 10 Muter Plan �• Planned shopping centers which provide clustered commercial environments will be encouraged. • Special emphasis should be placed on aesthetic as well as functional standards providing for less dense developments and allowing for greater green open space , and landscaping and parking requirements appropriate for the size of the development and land area to be utilized. Policy 8: Industrial development Provide for a limited amount of industrial land use to enhance local tax base and provide employment for Township residents. The location of new industrial areas will be based upon the capability of the land to support such development and the need to minimize public expenditure to serve such development. • Due to the availability of sewer, water and other public services in the Village of Holly, a cooperative effort is essential. • Primarily clean, light industry will be encouraged. • The use of available rail and paved thoroughfares will be emphasized. • Accessibility and the suitability of natural features, such as topography and soil characteristics are as important as the availability of land. • Protect other uses particularly residences from the intrusion by industry, both physical and visual. Policy 9: Public Education The Township must serve not only as a regulator ofland use and an administrator of policy, but as an educator as well. It is the duty of the Township to educate it's citizens regarding sound and reasonable land use practice and policy, and to strive to include residents of the community in the process of Township planning to the greatest extent ~ible. • Involvement and cooperation with individual citizens, citizen groups, and other special interest groups shall be encouraged by the Township at all levels of the planning process to insure the inclusion of a comprehensive range of community values and priorities. • Holly Township Provisions shall be made for public education and involvement in all issues involving or relating to the creation of, or revision to, general township planning and land use policy, by means of public education workshops in addition to whatever public hearings which may be required required by law. Paa• 11 Master Plan fl �LAND USE PLAN The land use plan is designed to recognize existing development patterns, and acknowledge relevant demographic trends, while taking into consideration long range goals and objectives of the Township as outlined by the goals and policies. Residential Land Use Low Density Residential/Agricultural A majority of the Township has been reserved as very low density rcsidcntiaVagricultural at one ( 1) dwelling unit per five (5) acres. Virtually all of • wdlcm balf of the Township west of 1-75 ia to remain in this category, fadlitating 1lrp lot l'llideDtia1 and the praervation of valuable · farmland. A lack of public sewer and water eUmiaatea the 1Ui1abilfty of dda land for any more intense land uses. Medium and High Density Residential Recent growth trends along the I-75 corridor have created explosive development in southern Genessee County, to the north and west, and will create a demand for more housing development in Holly. This has been reflected in the designation of medium density residential in the southern portion of the Township. Fenton, to the west, is already substantially developed by high density single family residential and is proposed to continue in this manner. In Holly, Grange Hall Road, west of Fish Lake Road, has begun to establish similar land use patterns in association, and has been planned for medium density residential. Medium density residential is planned at one ( l) dwelling unit per one ( 1) acre. Medium and high density residential is also planned surrounding the boundaries of Holly Village, providing a gradual transition from the dense development of the Village to the less intense land uses in the Township. High density residential is planned at two (2) dwelling units per one (I) acre. High density residential development is highly dependent up on the availability of utilities and public services, and relationships with adjacent land uses. For these reasons, high density residential has been located, in limited amounts, adjacent to the Village of Holly, and cast of I-75, in the northern section of the Township, along Dixie Highway. The more intense land uses here arc compatible with apparent growth trends in Grand Blanc Township, and arc dully separated from the rural character of Holly by the I- 75 border. Multiple Family Multiple family residential, currently non-existent in the Township, is proposed between the west village limits and Fish Lake Road. Multiple family residential is planned at five (5) units per one ( 1) acre. This location provides an appropriate transitional land use between and around high density residential in the Village and commercial development at the intersection of Fish Lake and Grange Hall. It is important that the opportunity for a variety of lifcstyles is available within the Township. Holly Township Pqe 12 Master Plan �Commercial and Office Land Use The intersection at Fish Lake Road bas been established as the community commercial center. Current land development trends indicate expansion of commercial land use along Grange Hall Road, moving westward towards growth pressures from Fenton. · The intersection of Grange Hall Road and I-75 is proposed commercial, currently developed only by the St. Julian Wine Tasting Center. While this is a significant major access point into the Township, there is strong potential for highway commercial and recreation/tourism support services. Commercial land use has also been suggested on Dixie Highway in the north-east comer of the Township. It is intended to serve as neighborhood commercial in support of surrounding industrial, commercial and residential neighborhoods. Mixed Land Use Mixed Use development has been proposed specifically for the Adelphian Academy site. The unusual property size and existing development of the site warrant special consideration for future development. Mixed use provides limited flexibility and is intended to provoke creative and adaptive land uses which would be compatible with surrounding uses. Industrial Land Use Industrial land use is planned in the northeast comer of the Township because of the access to 1-75 and Dixie Highway. Herc again, the effects of intense land uses are substantially barricaded by the 1-75 corridor, allowing economic expansion within the Township without harming the rural recreational character. Holly Township Pap 13 Master Plan 1t �THOROUGHFARE PLAN The Thoroughfare Plan proposes major transportation routes serving and resulting from future land use patterns. Based on existing road usage patterns, the land use plan, and estimated population and traffic increases, these routes will be relied upon as major or minor arteries, collector streets or local roads. As defined in the Goals and Policies section, a "Major Thoroughfare" carries large volumes of traffic across or through the Township and often provides access to state trunklines and expressways. Most major thoroughfares are Class A all-weather roads, and carry the brunt of industrial and truck traffic. These roads receive the highest priority for maintenance and repair. A "Minor Thoroughfare" serves much the same purpose as a major thoroughfare, but carries a lighter volume of traffic. The primary function is to connect major activity centers within the Township and provide access across the Township. A "Collector" Road transports traffic from local and residential streets to major and minor thoroughfares. Traffic volumes are moderate. "Local Streets" and Roads provide direct access to individual properties and typically have very low speeds and little traffic. Major thoroughfares in Holly include North Holly Road and Grange Hall Road. Grange Hall provides the only paved direct east-west artery and accesses both US-23 and 1-75. North Holly Road is the only paved direct north-south artery. Both roads rurrently carry heavy traffic volumes relative to the area. Current land use trends indicate future high intensity land uses to be focuscd along these axis. Minor thoroughfares running north-south include Fish Lake Road which is only partially paved, and Rood Road which is all gravel. Fish Lake provides access to Seven Lakes State Park and Bramblewood Golf Club, two major recreational attractions in the Township. Rood Road provides access to parts of the Holly State Recreation Arca including several boat launch sites, and connects to Grange Hall Road, bypassing the Village. Minor thoroughfares running east-west include Lahring Road, connecting North Holly Road and Dixie Highway, and Belford Road, which traverses the entire northern portion of the Township. East Holly Road is also a minor thoroughfare providing direct access between downtown Holly Village and the Holly Road/I- 75 interchange. Collector Streets which provide access from local and residential roads to major and minor thoroughfares include Tinsman, Kurtz, Quick, Elliott and Fagen. Holly Township Pap 14 Muter Plan �THOROUGHFARE PLAN Major Minor Collector Local Holly Township I -·••··· I ■■■ Pap 1S Muter Plan �r .~ Muter Right-of-Way Plan The Holly Township Master Right-of Way Plan, prepared by the Oakland County Road Commission, was updated and adopted by the Township in 1989. There arc four county road classifications, including super-highway, urban super-highway, thoroughfare, and collector: With the exception of a few, all county roads are proposed for 120 foot right-of-ways, classifying them as "Thoroughfares". Addis, Gage, Grundyke, Evans, McClelland, Hess and Shields are classified as "Collectors", having a proposed right-of-way of 86 feet. These classsifications are adequate to meet the needs of future development in Holly Township as they allow for a wide range of capacity expansion improvements to all existing roadways. Holly Towmhip Pqe 16 Muter Plan �MASTER RIGHT-OF-WAY PLAN QENflff CO. COUNTY LINE RO . ,....-, ~ . F' _Lf.G..END_ 204 FOOT (APl'IIOX. 12 UO FOOT (A,.,.IIOX . 41 120 FOOT IA,.,.IIOl. J7 H FOOT IAl'PIIOX. 24 IIOVTf UNOIII sruo, Utfl'TfO M(T(IISI M(TUISI MET[IIS) M[l[IIS) SUl'tfl -HICHWAY IJIIUN SUl'lll-HICHWA f THOIIOUCH,Allf COUfCTOII STATl 01 tltCHtCAN TIIUNIIUN(S • • • • • • l'IIOl'OSfO STA Tl Holly Township Pip 17 o, tltCHtCAN fllUNIIUNfS Muter Plan �,. IMPLEMENTATION The Township Master Plan serves as the broad framework within which the Township will guide future land use. Implementation of this plan will require the ongoing efforts of Township officials, planning commi~ioners, board of appeals members, neighboring agencies and citizens. The effectivencss of the plan relics upon the diligence with which its provisions arc acted upon. Specific strategies available to the Township for implementation of the Master Plan and the policies include the following: • Existing Township ordinances - zoning - subdivision • Building code provisions • Adoption of separate Township ordinances - wetlands woodlands site plan review • Development of a Capital Improvements Plan • Publication of a "Development Guide" infonnation handbook outlining Township development policies and guidelines. • Cooperative efforts with adjacent communities, county, state and federal agencies. • Township or private acquisition of scenic easements and/or property. • Voted millage or special easement to finance desired improvements. It should be noted that the list of strategics is not in any ranked order. These are the most common and feasible options currently available to the Township in implementing this plan. As new legislation and court action occurs it is entirely feasible that new options will be available while some existing ones will be altered or eliminated. The plan was designed to be flexible by being adaptable to changing circumstances without weakening established goals and policies. The effective implementation of this plan will require long tenn cooperation and effort on the part of Township officials, staff, developers, landowners and citizens. An infonncd and involved citizenry is therefore essential to the success of this plan. Holly Township Pqe 18 Master Plan �APPENDIX A �BACKGROUND STUDIES Holly Township Master Plan �LOCATION Holly Township is located in the northwest quadrant of Oakland County. The Township is comprised of approximately thirty-three square miles and is bounded on the cast by Groveland Township and on the south by Rose Township, both in Oakland County. It is bounded on the west by Fenton Township and on the north by Grand Blanc Township, both in Gcncssee County. It is approximately 50 miles north of Detroit and 15 miles south of the City of Flint. ACCESS Roadways Although 1-75 runs along the eastern edge of Holly Township, access into the Township is one of its greatest constraints. 1-75, connecting northern Michigan with southern Florida, links Holly directly with Detroit and Flint as well as the upper peninsula. The only interchange from I- 75 however, is located at Grange Hall Road at the eastern border of the Township. The Dixie Highway cuts across the north-east comer of the Township, providing access to a few cast-west roads, but even this access is limited. US-23, running through adjacent townships, is approximately two miles to the west, connecting Holly with Toledo, Ann Arbor, and several statewide cast-west arteries. Access north-south within the Township is provided by Fish Lake Road and by North Holly Road which traverses Holly Village. East-west access across the state is satisfied by 1-96, 1-69 and 1-94. 1-94 traverses the southern portion of the state, connecting Detroit, Ann Arbor, Battle Creek, Kalamazoo and Chicago. It is approximately 60 miles south of Holly Township, accessed by US-23. 1-96 ties Detroit to Lansing, Grand Rapids and the south-west coast of Michigan. It is 35 miles south of Holly and again, is accessed by US-23. 1-69, 15 miles north of Holly, runs from Port Huron on the East, through Flint, and is a primary route to Lansing. Within the Township, Grange Hall Road is the major cast-west route linking Holly Township and Village with Holly State Recreation Arca to the cast and the City of Fenton to the west. It is generally more difficult to traverse the Township when traveling cast and west, than when traveling north and south. This is particularly true in the northeastern half of the Township. Railroads The Grand Trunk Western Railroad crosses through the lower part of Holly Village, running · . northwest of Detroit. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway also has a line which runs north-south through the Towmhip traversing the Village of Holly. Airports Complete airport facilities arc available at Bishop Airport in Flint,and Oakland Pontiac Airport to the south. Private air fields or landing strips include the Adelphian Academy airport at Holly Village, as well as others in the northeastern part of the township and adjacent townships. Detroit Metropolitan Airport is approximately 60 miles south. Holly Towns/Jip AppeadizA•Papl Mutf!l'Plan �~ Figure A REGIONAL MAP ~ ~ , ~ 1-7' J/1 I J M-27 I ~------M-2◄ 1-96 , «, L1~an1~in I ------L~l-7'5 i ~ t> ' Holly Townsbip \ . // ,, ~...___Jac~.k~n~~n Arb AppradirA•Pa.-2 ' I ' \. (/) 011 US-23 .\ ( / - ;' �PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Inventories The Holly Township offices bold a comprehensive set of natural resource maps, prepared by the Oakland County Planning Division at the request of the Township. Outlined in a series of color overlays arc: water resources including surface water, wetlands, floodplains; land resources including slopes over 10%, land containing prime fanning characteristics, and lands that arc unsuitable for development; vegetative resources including deciduous and coniferous woodlands; and natural features from the Michigan Natural Features Inventory Program. The Michigan Natural Features Inventory Program identified the most natural, unaltered examples of natural plant communities in Oakland County, three of which are located in Holly Township. A five acre prairie fen located at Cady Lake, a 103 acre dry-mesic southern forest located within Seven Lakes State Park, and a six acre prairie fen, also within Seven Lakes, were recognized as warranting protection at the county level. In 1988, a Township-wide survey was conducted which identified twenty-two locally valuable natural communities and further considered protection and preservation methods for each. Key excerpts of this report arc provided in Appendix B. Geology Holly Township is situated within one of two broad zones in the southeast Michigan area; the hilly zone. The largest surface geological form in Holly Township is the area of till plain, closely followcd by the morainic form. The outwash plain accounts for the least area. landforms arc the result of prehistoric glacial movement and deposits mainly of sand and gravel. Soils General soil mapping indicates that there are seven broad soil types in Holly Township. These have been defined as follows: Dronko: Hilly, knob and basin topography sandloams. .Eau Claire: Gently rolling clay plains. Pipestone: Deeply rolling clay land. Indian Lake: Sand-gravel plains, pot holes, lake basin. &ebe: Swamp land; mainly muck and rifle peat types. Novi: Flat plains and drainage valleys, clay semi-wet. W.aan: Flat plains and drainage valleys, wet, underlaid by sand and gravel. The most prevailing soil types is the Pipestone with the Eau Claire and Wixom soil types forming the next two soil type classifications, respectively. The Village of Holly, and the most intensively developed portions of the Township, lie within the Wixom soil type and the area of outwash plain. Neither of these natural features are supportive of septic tank development. Holly Towrubip Appmdiz A • Pa.- J M.uttrPlan ~ �, Vegetation and Wetlands Northern Oakland County lies in a deciduous forest zone in which the climax forest is Beech and Maple. After the retreat of the glaciers, uplands became forested by oak communities. The kettle depressions developed into tamarack or hardwood swamps, and sometimes remained as lakes surrounded by meadows. The channels gradually became extensive swamps or meadows, and were often cut by rivers and streams. More·than 35 lakes of varying size arc scattered extensively throughout the Township, occupying 6% of total land area. Large areas of wetlands surround the many water bodies as well. It is estimated that only 370 acres or 22% of pre-settlement wetlands remain today. Lowland forests total 230 acres and upland forests 370 acres, both less than 10% of what originally existed in the Township. Topography In Southeast Michigan, slopes of twelve percent ( 12%) or more should generally not be developed because of their uniqueness in the area. Holly Township has considerable areas of twelve percent (12%) slopes, distributed throughout the Township, quite a few of which are part of a wetland environment. This is most significant for water quality purposes because of the high incidence of potential surface runoff from these lands if developed and concurrent pollution of waterbodies from urban runoff. • •· Holly Township Appeadu A • Pap 4 Mast«- Plan �POPULATION & HOUSING Trends Population trends are shown in Table 1 and Figure B. The Township experienced a surge in population of 139.1% between 1950 and 1960, making it the 9th fastest growing community in the county for that time period. In the following decade, the Village of Holly also experienced an uncharacteristically high growth rate of90.8 %, causing it to be the 7th fastest growing community in the county. Since these jumps, population growth returned to it's previous rate. Table 1 POPULATION TRENDS HOLLY TOWNSHIP AND HOLLY VILLAGE Holly Township Holly Village 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 918 2252 1036 2343 1367 2663 3269 2282 3041 4355 3612 4874 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census Figure B 1930-1980 POPULATION TRENDS HOLLY VILLAGE AND HOLLY TOWNSHIP 5500 p 0 p u L 5000 4500 4000 3500 A 3000 T I 0 N 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 YEAR ~HOLLY TOWNSHIP Holly Towmbip .,...., c HOLLY VILLAGE AppmdixA•~5 Master Plan �Characteristics Age Composition The median age in Holly Township of 32.0 years, is close to the county median of 30.0 years. This number has jumped significantly since 1970, when median age in the township was 24.8 years. The Village however, has a noticeably younger population, with a median age of 25.9. This is an increase of 2.4 years since 1970, compared to an incrca.sc of 7.2 years in the township. Median age in related areas ranges from 26 years to 30 years. (Sec Tables 2 and 3 for age and household characteristics of related areas.) Households According to 1980 census data, I, 178 households arc located in Holly Township, with another 1,616 within the Village limits. Table 2 GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS FOR 1980 HOLLY TOWNSfilP AND RELATED AREAS IN OAKLAND COUNTY Total Population Age Characteristics Median Age % of 65 and older % of 60 and older % of 17 and younger Total Households Oakland County Groveland Township 450,449 4,114 30 Holly Holly Township Village Rose Township 3,612 4,874 4,465 32 11 15 29 26 8 11 32 26 13 29 26 4 6 36 8 37 355,187 1,238 1,178 1,616 1,307 9 5 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census Holly Towmbip AppmdixA •Pap6 M.ast« Plan �Table 3 GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS FOR 1980 HOLLY TOWNSIDP AND RELATED AREAS IN GENESSEE COUNTY Total Population City of Fenton Fenton Township Gcncsscc County Grand Blanc Township City of Grand Blanc 450,449 11,744 8,098 24,413 6,848 27 8 29 6 9 36 29 12 15 34 30 30 8 11 32 Age Characteristics Median Age % 65 and older % 60 and older % 19 and younger- 11 36 5 8 35 *Note change from 17 and younger in Table 2. Source: Bureau of Census Educational Attainment Holly Township and Holly Village exhibit gcncnilly the same educational characteristics. Approximately three quarters of the population have a high school education, 14-17% have 1-3 years of college, and the remaining 12-14%, 4 or more years of college. On the whole however, the education level in the Holly area is lower than that of the county. While 52% of the county population has an education of more than high school, the Holly area has only about 25%. (Sec Table 4.) Tablc4 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Holly 4 Ycars High School College 1-3 years · 4 years 5 years Village ~ 2,466 0.77 0.17 0.03 0.03 536 101 .lQ2 Holly Township 1,835 342 173 ill 2,528 3,212 Oakland ~ County !li 0.73 0.14 0.07 0.07 268,610 141,081 80,157 73,792 563,640 0.48 0.25 0.14 0. 13 Source: U.S. Census Bureau Holly Townsbip App«xJiz A • Pa.- 7 Master Plan ~ �Income The median household income in Oakland County in 1980 was $25,325. Holly Township was slightly below that at $24,057, and Holly Village was considerably lower at $21,327. Ownership In Holly Township, 89% of residents own their homes, while only 76% of Holly Village residents are owners. Housing Value Average sale value for single-family residential homes for Holly and related area are shown in the figure below. Holly Township appears to have kept up with normal increases in value in the past five years, while Holly Village, the lowest average value in the area, has increased at a substantially lower rate. Table 5 AVERAGE HOME SALES VALUE HOLLY AND RELATED AREAS Total fill Holly Village Holly Township Groveland Township Rose Township Springfield Township 42,300 58,700 72,900 50,000 61,600 ~ ~ fill Increase 42,854 65,973 79,182 64,476 80,097 43,938 73,505 88,634 61,760 19,055 4% 21% 18% 20% 22% .1ill. 42,000 40,200 59,000 63,800 73,300 70,500 51,200 60,200 67,000 77,500 Source: Oakland County Planning Age Of Housing Stock Holly Village is characterized by an exceptionally old housing stock. A majority of the buildings were built before 1939. Holly Township on the other hand is relatively new, with a majority of the buildings built after 1970. (See Table 6 on the following page.) Holly Township APl'ffldi.z A • Pap 8 �Table 6 AGE OF HOUSING STOCK (Number of structures) Holly Village 2.9. Holly Township ~ 451 322 204 132 604 1713 0.26 0.19 0.12 0.08 0.35 508 334 0.41 0.27 0.12 0.05 0. 16 1970-1980 1960-1969 1950-1959 1940-1949 1939 or earlier 144 59 1Q.l. 1246 Source: U.S. Census Bureau Building Activity Building activity in the Village of Holly appears to be decreasing steadily. This is probably due to a decrease in the amount of vacant land available for development. An average of 5.4 permits have been is.sued per year since 1970. Building activity in Holly Township on the other hand is increasing gradually. A high of 33 permits were issued in 1982. Including this uncharacteristically high year, and average of 9. 75 permits have been is.sued per year since 1980. Figure C BUILDING ACTIVITY IN HOLLY VILLAGE AND TOWNSIDP 40 p E R M 36 32 I 28 T 24 s I 20 s s 16 E D 8 u 12 4 o,-1-~----l------l~-----1~-.....:Jii!==~.t===::jL---..!1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1987 1986 YEAR <>HOLLY TOWNSHIP Holly Township c HOLLY VILLAGE ~A•h.-9 Master Plan " · �Projections Population projections prepared by the Southeastern Michigan Council of Governments Small Area Forecast Program (SAF) for Holly Township and Holly Village arc presented in Table 8. The SAF projections for Holly Township indicate approximately a 40% increase in population from 1980 to the year 2005. The SAF projections arc slightly less than the population projections prepared by the Oakland County Road Commission in their recently published strategic plan for economic development. While the SAF projections indicate a population of 4,199 people in 1995, the County Road Commission projects a population of 4,965 people in 1995. However, both the SAF and the Road Commission's projection of the percentage change in population fall in the range of 37 to 40 percent. It is clear that the Township is expected to grow at a moderate and steady rate throughout the remainder of the century. The SAF projections for the Village also predicts a moderate growth rate to the year 2005. While the Village will not grow as much as the Township, an increase in population to 6,263 in the year 2005 is expected. This represents a nearly 29% increase over 1980 population. Table 7 POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR 1987 HOLLY TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING AREAS IN OAKLAND COUNTY 1980 Census Population Groveland Township Holly Township Holly Village Rose Township 1987 Population Numerical Change Estimates 4,114 3,612 4,874 4,465 4,798 3,908 5,514 684 296 640 612 5,011 Percent Change 16.63 8.20 13.14 13.70 Source: Oakland County Planning Division Holly Townsbip Appmdiz A • ~ JO Muter Plan �Table 8 PROJECTED POPULATION HOLLY TOWNSIDP AND HOLLY VILLAGE Change % Change 1980- .filQ lill illQ 1980- ~ ZQQQ ~ ~ ~ Holly Township TotalPopulation 3612 Households 1178 Persons Per Household 3.07 1239 2.95 3909 1409 2. 77 4199 1592 2.64 4531 5027 1815 2071 2.50 2.43 1415 893 -.64 39.2 75.8 20.8 5066 5396 1673 3.03 1910 2.83 5102 2136 2067 5911 6263 2351 2546 2.51 2.46 1389 940 -.57 28.5 58 .5 3654 Holly Village Total Population 4874 Households 1606 Persons Per Household 3.03 -18.9 Source: Southeast Michigan Council of Governments. Holly Town6/Jip Appeoclu A • Pap 11 Master Plan �• ECONOMIC BASE Labor Force Characteristics Labor force characteristics for Holly Township and the surrounding areas are presented in Table 9. The following section summarizes the labor force characteristics of Holly Township presented in the Tables. • The predominant occupations of Holly Township residents who are in the labor force are evenly split between white collar positions such as managers and professionals and blue collar positions such as operatives and laborers. • In Holly Village the predominant occupations are technical sales, administrative support operatives and laborers. Thus, the people who live in Holly Township have more diverse occupations than those who live in the Village. - • Holly Township and Holly Village have similar types of industries. • Both Holly Township and Holly Village have a higher percentage of operatives and laborers than the county-wide percentage. • Both Holly Township and Holly Village have a lower percentage of managers and professionals than the county-wide percentage. • Both Holly Township and Holly Village have a higher percentage of employees in the manufacturing industry than the county-wide percentage. Table 9 LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS Oakland County Occupation (% of employees): Managers & Professionals Tech., Sales, Admin. Support Service Fann,Forest,Fishing Skilled Workers Operatives, Laborers e Industry(% of employees): Manufacturing Transp., Comm., Util. Wholesale & Retail Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Business, Personal & Entertainment Professional Services Public Administration Other Holly Townsliip 31 32 11 0 11 14 29 5 23 6 8 22 3 4 Groveland Township Holly Township Holly Village Rose Township 23 26 13 3 16 19 24 19 13 2 20 22 12 27 12 15 33 21 28 13 0 19 18 39 4 18 3 6 19 4 7 39 41 3 24 1 27 6 18 7 AppmdixA •Papl2 s 13 2 7 26 2 6 l 7 7 18 1 21 2 12 5 M.uterPJsn �Tu: Base In 1988, holly Townships S.E.V. equalled $45.4 billion, an increase of 14% since 1982. This figure dipped in 1983 and 1985, but made a strong increase between 1986 and 1987. The S.E.V. of Holly Village totalled $40.3 billion. Dipping in 1983, the S.E.V. increased only slightly until 1987. The S.E.V. of the total Holly area increased by 17% since 1982. Industrial land uses have increased from 2.0% to 2.8% of total, while commercial has increased from 9.0% to 12.6% in 1988. Since totals are not available for the Village and the Township separately, it is difficult to estimate the rate and areas of growth within the Township. Table 10 COUNTY ASSESSED VALUATIONS HOLLY TOWNSffiP AND RELATED COMMUNITIES IN OAKLAND COUNTY Holly Village HOLLY TOWNSHIP Springfield Township Rose Township Groveland Township 1982 fill jjM .l.ill. .l.lli ill1 32.3 39.3 92.4 54. 1 50.7 31.5 38 89.6 51.8 49.5 32.1 38.4 90.6 52 50.5 32.2 38.0 91.6 52.3 51.5 32.5 38.9 96.8 53.8 53.7 36.5 43. 7 106.2 55.1 54.7 ;~ - Figure D COUNTY ASSESSED VALUES 110 102 M 94 I L L I 0 N 86 s 78 70 62 54 46 38 :-- Ii ~ • 0 0 0 1982 1983 1984 1985 i • • 1986 1987 30 o HOLLY TOWNSHIP Holly Towmbip Cl SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP ♦ ROSE TOWNSHIP ■ GROVELM MMtwPlan ~ .... �• COMMUNITY SERVICES The Charter Township of Holly, governed by the Township Board, provides a variety of community services. Fire service in the Township is provided by a volunteer fire department on a tri-party system with the Village of Holly and Rose Township. Each area has their own fire hall, but they arc organized to work together in the event of a large fire. Police protection is contracted through the Oakland County Sherifl's Department and the Michigan State Police. Utilities At the current time, no central municipal water or sewer is available within the Township. Both gas and electric service is supplied by Consumer's Power. Holly is the only Township in the county that does not have electricity supplied by Detroit Edison. Parks and Recreation Holly Township is supplied with a wealth of all-season recreational resources. Several outstanding regional facilities arc located within their boundaries including two state recreation areas. A large private ski resort is located next to Holly Township· in Groveland Township. The preservation and enhancement of these vast resources is an integral part of the future of Holly Township. State Parks Holly State Recreation Area Holly State Recreation Area consists of 7,470 acres ofland, shared with Groveland Township to the East. Winter and summer sports arc equally provided for, including skiing, snowmobiling, hunting, boating, fishing, hiking and horseback trails. Seven Lakes State Park Seven Lakes State Park is made up ofl,378 acres and provides a multitude of activities similar to the Holly State Recreation Area. County Parks Groveland Oaks County Parle Groveland Oaks County Park is 400 acres of parkland focused towards family camping. Six hundred modem and primitive campsites are available in addition to picnic areas, a waterslide, and swimming beach. It is open year-round but provides no actual site developments to facilitate specific activities. Township Parks Holly Township Park and Beach Holly Township Park and Beach consists of 2.5 acres offering swimming, picnicing and play areas. Holly Townsb.ip Appendix A • Page 14 Mute-Plan �Ho11y Township Park #2 An additional Township Park is proposed in the Holly Township Master Recreation Plan ( 1988). Plans for the 75 acre site include nature study, hiking, camping, fishing, tennis and baseball among others. With a community focus, the park will have three pavilions and an amphitheater to house community events. The park is planned to compliment existing facilities by adding activities currently not available elsewhere, or that constitute a county shortage. Village Parks Holly Village has five local parks, totaling 20 acres, including Lakeside, Crappo, Cyclone and Morris Fein and Ganshaw parks. Most parks offer picnicing and play areas, with ballfields provided at Cyclone and fishing available at Morris Fein Arboretum Holly Towmbip Appendix A • Pa.- 15 �Table 11 RECREATIONAL FACILITIES -c .,, "O C vO.. V .:X - cC _J r-- Camping Picnic Areas Shelters Playground Ball Diamond Swim Beach Canoe-Boat Launch Canoe-Boat Rental Hiking Trail Horse Trail V') : Pro- 160 : posed • • ... C Hunting • • • CD ~- .!!.! C = ·- > ... -0 CD - 0 >-. 0 ...JI • • • • • • • ~~ >--_ =0 +-V IC -.·-... > ~~ • • • • • • • Downhill Ski X-C Ski •- ~ (U OU Q) C cn '"O ·- ·> U) >-. 0::::) ... 0 • • • • • • • • • • C CD= co.. .52>-. v-C > Nature Center Fishing QI en Ol C 600 • • • • • • • • - - ~ .:x • • • • • X-C Rental Sledding Snowmobiling Ice Skating • • •• •• .:•• Holly Towmbip A.ppendiiA•Pa,-16 Mut~P/1111 �Public Access Boat Launches Public access boat launches, operated by the state parks, arc available throughout the township. The table below lists the amenities available at each. BOAI LAUNCIIlNGS Water ~ Location Restrooms Parking Acres Heron lake Crotched Lake Crystal Lake Holdrcdge Lake Big Seven Lake Dickinson Lake HollyR.A. Holly R.A. HollyR.A. Holly R.A. Seven lakes SP Seven lakes SP YES YES YES NO YES NO 48 10 10 10 12 20 132 14 12 16 170 44 Golf Courses Bramblewood Country Club Open to the public at a daily fee, Bramblewood offers 9 boles. Community Education Recreation Opportunities The Holly Area Community Education Council has set up a variety of educational programs including recreational activities. Aerobics, tennis lessons and ski club and basketball team membership are available to residents of the Holly Arca School District. These activities take place at schools in the Holly School District and at Mount Holly, a private facility. School Facilities Outdoor recreation is also available at Holly area schools on an individual basis. The outdoor athletic fields and courts are accessible to the public when they are not in use by classes. School facilities offering recreation opportunities include the following: SCHOOL RECREATION AREAS Benjamin H. Sherman Middle Patterson Elementary Adelphian Academy (Private) Holly Elementary M.D. Bennett Junior High Holly Senior High Holly Towmbip Holly Village Holly Village Holly Twp. Holly Village Holly Village Holly Village Appeocfir A • Pa,- 11 Mute-Plan �• Private Facilities Mount Holly Mount Holly is a private downhill skiing facility located in the western side of Groveland Township. Mount Holly has 13 ski slopes, 7 chairlifts, 6 ropetows and a ski lodge. Instruction for beginners and intermediate skiers is available. The vertical drop is 327 feet at Mount Holly, and the longest run is 1,850 feet. It is pos.sible to cross country ski around the Mount Holly area, however facilities are not specifically set up for this activity. Yogi Bear's Holly Hills Campground Holly Hills Campground is located just east of Holly Township on Grange Hall road in Groveland Township. It is a 39 acre campground which offers rccrcationa activities such as mini-golf and swimming. It is situated near both the Holly State Recreation Area and Groveland Oaks County Park which offer further recreational activities. Camp Copncconic Camp Copneconic is a 400 acre YMCA camp run by the Flint YMCA. It is located just beyond the north-west comer of Holly township on Lake Copneconic. The camp offers a range of recreational activities, from swimming and boating to horseback riding and a high ropes course. The camp is not open to the general public except on the weekends in the winter for cross country skiing. Special Facilities and Events • Holly Holidays. Holly Holidays is a juried art and craft show that takes place the first Saturday in November at Sherman Middle School. The focus of the show is on folk art and annually attracts antique dealers from throughout south-eastern Michigan. The event is sponsored by the Holly Community Education Council and the Northwest Oalcland County Historical Society, and bas free admission. Carry Nation Festival The Carry Nation Festival occurs annually during a weekend in September. It is organized by the Carry Nation Festival Corporation in cooperation with the Holly Village Government and the Board of Commerce. The Festival features a play depicting the life of Carry Nation, a prominent temperance leader in the late l 800's as well as craft booths, food stands and other entertainment. Theme Days and Weekends At different times during the year, there arc theme days and weekends in Holly Village. In July, the theme is railroad days. Merchants dress up in costumes and events are organized by the railroad club to celebrate the influence of trains. In December, the theme is Dicken's Olde Fashion Christmas. Characters from Dicken's novels walk the streets of the elaborately decorated Holly Village. • Holly Townsbip Mutf!!T Plan �ROADWAYS According to the Oakland County Road Commission, there are roughly 23 miles of primary road in Holly Township and 36 miles of local roads. A majority of road surfaces are gravel. Since the Township is encouraging tourism and recreational expansion rather than commercial and industrial development, there is no direct need for an increased percentage of paved roads. Strategic Planning Report of the Oak.land County Road Commission notes that increased maintenance on existing gravel roads is the highest priority for Holly Township in the future. Better grading, drainage and winter maintenance are specific goals. A second priority is the elimination of safety haz.ards, in particular, intersections with limited site distances and dangerous curves. Holly Townsbip �• LAND USE Although it has grown moderately over the past 10 years, Holly Township has remained at a relatively low density in its rural and natural environment. Nearly 40 percent of the land area in the Township is catagorized as "vacant", with another 15 percent of the land classified as "outdoor recreation and conservation". In addition, 25 percent of the land is in agricultural use, resulting in 90 percent of the land area of Holly Township either undeveloped or in a low level of development. An inventory of existing land use in Holly Township and Holly Village are pr~ented in Tables 12 and 13. Land use data was provided by the Oakland County Planning Department. Definition of terms are as follows: Single Family Residential: Improved single land parcels having .tw or less families per unit in predominate residential uses plus adjacent residential or local streets and alleys. Multi-Family Residential: Improved single land parcels having fQy[ or more families per unit in predominantly residential use, including apartments, condominiums, row houses, terraces (excluding commercial dwellings such as hotels, motels and camp grounds), plus mobile home parks . • Institutional; Improved land parcels and facilities which are held in the public interest and are exempt from real property taxation, plus any local streets or access way, contiguous or associated with such parcels. Examples of this category are churches, schools, universities, governmental offices, hospitals and cemeteries. Commercial and Office: Improved land parcels used for wholesale, retail, office, entertainment or services, including those uses predominantly at street level on multi-functional structures, plus related contiguous parking, service ways or alleys. Industrial: Improved land parcels used predominantly for manufacturing or on which materials or articles are processed or semi-processed, but not retailed, including related storage areas, and warehousing, plus commercial waste disposal sites, land fill operations and junk yards• • Holly Townsbip Appendix A • ~ 20 Muter Plan �Outdoor Recreation and Conservation: Public and private land parcels, either improved or unimproved, used for nonintensive recreational activities, including parks (county, state, local, private or subdivision), golf courses, gun clubs, swim clubs, ski areas, riding stables, etc. Transportation. Utility and Communication: Improved land parcels containing above-ground utility or communication facilities, including electric and gas generating plants, transmission lines, booster and transformer stations, related storage yards, etc. Parcels devoted to transportation uses, such as airports or railroad yards, are included in this category. Buildings related to utility companies, such as Detroit Edison, Consumers Power and Michigan Bell, plus Waste Water Treatment Plants and Water Works, are also inlcuded. Agricultural: Land parcels used predominantly or wholly as cultivated farm land, orchards or for livestock activity, with or without related farm structures. Water: Unimproved areas of inland depressions, consistently filled with standing water which are supplied by streams, ground water or artesian springs. Rights of Way; Land parcel corridors which are used predominantly for transportation, including constructed public roadways, railroads and those drainage or communication uses which are contiguously related to the transportation use. Vacant: All parcels or part of parcels not included in one of the above defmitions. These are non-improved areas not in a committed use. Holly Townmip A.pp,ndir A • Pa,- 21 MMlt!rPlan �- Table 12 EXISTING LAND USE HOLLY TOWNSHIP Land Use Classification Single Family Multi-Family Institutional Commercial & Office Industrial Outdoor Rec. & Cons. Agricultural Trans., Utility & Comm. Rights-of-Way Vacant Water Community Total 1984-1986 Changes in Acres 1984 Acreage 1,600 0 388 40 276 3,186 5,412 153 1,088 8,066 1,297 +31 0 0 +42 0 +22 0 21,506 1986 Acreage 1986 % of Total 0 1,631 0 388 82 276 3,208 5,412 153 1,088 7,971 1,297 37 6 0 21,506 100% 0 0 -95 8 0 2 1 15 25 1 5 --less than one percent - Source: Oakland County Planning Division Figure E Holly Township Land Use 1986 ■ Single Family lnsti tutional ■ Commercial ~ Office l,;;J Industrial ■ Outdoor Rec. ~ Cons. fH Agricultural ■ Trans., Utility g. Comm. Cl Rights-of-Way 1111 Vacant ~ Water la Holly Township Appmdiz A • Pap 22 7 .6~ 1.8~ 0.4~ 1.3~ 14.9~ 25.2~ 0 .7" 5. 1" 37.1 ~ 6 .0" Master Plan �0 Table 13 EXISTING LAND USE HOLLY VILLAGE Land Use Classification Single Family Multi-Family Institutional Commercial & Office Industrial Outdoor Rec. & Cons. Agricultural Trans., Utility & Comm. Rights-of-Way Vacant Water Community Total 1984 Acreage 1984-1986 1986 1986 % of Total Acreage Changes in Acres 550 88 551 91 209 71 61 60 0 8 64 441 154 32 208 71 61 12 0 8 64 494 154 +l +3 +l 0 0 +48 0 0 0 -53 0 1,710 0 1,710 100% 5 12 4 4 4 0 4 26 9 ---less than one percent S:' Source: Oakland County, Planning Division Figure F HOLLY VILLAGE LAND USE 1986 ■ Single Family Multi-Family ■ Institutional. □ Commercial ~ Office ■ Industrial EB Outdoor Rec. ~ Cons. ■ Trans .• Utility ~ Comm . ~ Rights-of-Way 1111 Vacant ~ Water B Holly Towmbip Appmdi:cA•~2J 32.2"5 .3~ 12.2~ 4.2~ 3.6"' 3 .5~ 0 .5"' 3 .7~ 25.8~ 9 .0~ Muter Plan , 1 �• Patterns Single-Family Residential - Most single-family housing is concentrated in the Village of Holly. Expansion into the Township has been sparsely scattered along major road frontages. Small groupings have developed around some lakes, with one large subdivision surrounding Spring Lake in the east. Single-family is the largest single developed category of land use in the Township, although it is expected to remain a relatively low density community. Multiple Family - This type of residential development has been confined to the North end of Holly Village. No Multiple Family exists within the Township itself. Institutjonal - Institutional uses are scattered throughout the Village of Holly but have not grown extensively into the Township. Expansion to the cast of the village is improbable due to lakes and wetlands. CommerciaVOffice - Commercial/Office development is expanding westwardly also. Holly Township is experiencing growth pressure from Fenton and Flint in the west and northwest , causing development to be drawn in that direction. CommerciaVOfficc land use in the Township is concentrated on Grange Hall Road, a major thoroughfare connecting I-75 to Fenton and U.S. 23, to the west of the Village. There is very little CommerciaVOffice elsewhere in the Township. Small districts arc located at the I-75/Grange Hall Road interchange. • Industrial/Mining - While industrial land is scattered along rail corridors in the center of Holly Village, industrial development in the Township is focused around I-75 in the northeast. Access and exposure to a state highway makes this an economical location. The highway also creates an insurmountable border between high intensity uses and park lands on the other side. Recreation and Conservation - An unusually large amount ofland is occupied by this category. In the southwest section is Seven Lakes State Park. Running along the eastern border and northward along 1-75 is the Holly State Recreation area. These areas are essentially located on either side of Holly Township, constricting east west expansion in the northern half of the Village. However, Holly Village is built on a major north-south axis, likely to influence growth in that direction. Agricultural and Open Space - As was stated earlier, agricultural and open space account for almost 90% of total land in Holly Township. Holly Township bas consistently ranked in the top five communities holding land under the Farmland & Open Space Preservation Act, which serves to preserve productive farmland, a valuable commodity in the state of Michigan. In 1986, 931 acres in Holly Township received the tax benefits of this classification. Only one other Township in the county held more land under this provision. In sum, most development bas occurred in Holly Village. Development bas been limited by the lack of access into the Township from 1-75 and more densely populated areas, and a desire to remain a rural recreational community. • Holly Townsbip Appendix A • Page 24 Mastttr Plan �APPENDIX B �SURVEY OF NATURAL AREAS IN HOLLY TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN Harvey E. Ballard, Jr. The Nature Conservancy, Michigan Chapter December 13, 1988 Th~ ~ollowing report contains only excerpts of the or1g1nal report prepared for Holly Township. A complete copy of the original report is available at the Holly Township offices at 102 Civic Drive Holly, Michigan 48442. ' �HOLLY TOWNSHIP LAND USEPAST AND PRESENT Holly Township lies in a bewildering mosaic of hills, depressions and wide channels resulting from the actions of the last glacial advance around 16,000 years ago. After retreat of the glaciers the barren landforms were slowly colonized by migrating plant and animal species that developed together to form a predictable complex of communities. Eventually, the uplands became forested by oak communities. The kettle depressions developed into tamarack or hardwood swamps, and sometimes remained as lakes surrounded by meadows. The channels gradually became extensive swamps or meadows, and were often cut by rivers and streams. The prcsculmient landscape, with the preserve designs in Appendix m and reconstructed from the General Land Office surveyors' notes for Holly Township, must have awed the native Americans who first inhabited the area. It is estimated that approximately 1,600 acres of wetlands, 2,900 acres of lowland forest tracts and 17,000 acres of upland forest (mostly oak openings) made up the original vegetation cover before EW'opeans sealed the 10wnship. Like native Americans in other regions of North America, Holly Township's first human inhabitants learned to use fire regularly 10 ''clear' ' or open up preferred areas of forest or meadow to flush game and to improve visibility around their campsites. In a real sense they were the first natural area managers; their use of fire maintained, and even encouraged the development of fire-dependent communities such as oaJc openings and prairie fen/wet meadow complexes. European settlement of Holly Township, like seulement elsewhere in Michigan, gradually stripped natural features from most of the landscape. Clearing, timbering, cultivation, livest.ock pasturing and residential development dramatically altered the natural landscape in a very shon time. Settlement also scattered native American tn"bes and put an end to fires that often swept across the land and maintained the vigor and open aspect of certain communities. Even before clearing of the land proceeded very far, the absence of fires over the landscape lowered the quality of oak systems and wetlands as a result of shrub invasion and ecological succession. Crop cultivation altered natural drainages whose panicular hydrological pauem had supported swamps and meadows. Ditching, channelizing, draining and damming changed the critically balanced hydrological regimes that had previously inhibited shrub encroachment and succession of open meadow communities 10 shrub carr or swamp communities. Raising livestock often meant pasturing livestock in meadows and upland forests, which quickly reduced the diversity and quality of understory vegetation. Selective timbering of upland and lowland forests provided essential firewood and building materials but reduced many remaining forest tracts 10 even-aged sapling stands which grew into dense thickets. Fragments of natural areas that remained were soon diminished in quality through selective logging and grazing; others suffered secondary degradation through lapse of periodic fires and disruption of hydrological balances. Today in Holly Township, only about 22% (370 acres) of its original wetland component survives and still bears a resemblance to the original vegetation. Only 8% (230 acres) of its lowland forests and only 2% (370 acres) of its upland forests resemble Holly Township's original forests. Much of Holly Township's current landscape is currently used for agriculture or grazing land. A smaller percentage is suburban residential area. while a still smaller proponion is owned by the State of Michigan and maintained for recreational use as a natural area. Part of the appeal Holly has for most of its residents is its distinctl y rural flavor despite its proximity 10 major urban centers. Commercial and residential development has encroached upon 1LS northern, western and southern borders. Without directed, considerate action by the local community, Holly will lose its unique character and become yet another suburb in the developing Bay City-Saginaw-Detroit megalopolis. 5 �• MNFl's Oakland County Natural Areas Inventory · During 1986-87 the Oakland County Planning Department contracl.Cd the Michigan NalUral Features InvenProgram ("MNFI") IO conduct a systematic inventory for high quality, relatively undisturbed natural areas in Oakland County. Potential natural areas were identified on aerial photographs and re-evaluated through airplane reconnaissance. Apparent natural areas were later visited by field ecologists and botanists who assessed the quality and condition of natural communities present. and sought for rare plant species. The entire inventory process yielded 36 top-quality sites out of 308 potential natural areas that were identified initially through remote sensing and aerial reconnaissance. Sixty-two natural community OCCUJTCnccs--encompassing 16 of 30 nawral communities believed to have existed prior to European seuJement--were represented at these sites. Nine of the community occw-renccs were considered statewide ("exceptional") in significance, while the remainder were considered regionally or locally significant as natural areas. Acreage comprising all these highest quality sites iotallcd 2911 acres ( 1/2 of 1'Ii of Oakland County's original natural landscape). MNFI's repon described the nature of Oakland County's last remaining, top-quality natural areas and provided recomendations for protecting them. Their repon provides a critical direction for municipal government planners and others who seek protection of the county's few best natural areas. tory Additional surveys, preserve design, and locally significant sites • MNFI's comprehensive Natural Areas Inventory identified Oakland County's top candidale natural areas for protection. However, the objectives and scope of the inveniory did not include intensive field investigations for biota 01.her than plants and communities, special focus on preserve design and management issues, or evaluation of lower quality sites which might deserve second priority protection for their educational or outdoor recreation values. Such additional information would certainly not alter the nature or significance of sites recommended by MNFI's report. Nevenheless, data on other organisms often changes the configuration of preserve design boundaries and management plans. Information on a diversity of species groups also increases educational opponunities for some sites. A clear direction is now defined for natural area protection in Oakland county as a whole. The first step, a comprehensive inventory of existing fragments of natural landscape and priority assignments to the highest quality sites, has been accomplished. The next logical steps in the progression from initial county inventory to protection of all natural and semi-natural areas are: (1) inventories for other biota (birds, insects, etc.), (2) surveys addressing preserve design and management concerns, (3) assessment of lower quality sites with educational or outdoor recreation values, and (4) municipal-level protection recommendations for specific iracts at each site. These studies will provide specific objectives that incorporate protection of significant natural and quasi-natural areas into a township master plan . • 6 �II PRESENT SURVEY Holly Township Supervisor Bill Swarthout and the Holly Township Board contracted Preserve Design Ecologist Harvey Ballard of The Nature Conservancy's Michigan Chapter to survey nawral and quasi-natural areas in Holly Township, Oakland County, Michigan. The survey would use the Michigan Natural Features Inventory's Natural Areas Inventory for Oakland County as a springboard. (A copy of the original bid proposal is included in the Appendix.) The survey was designed to put MNFI information for the township into a context of existing natural and quasi-nawral areas which deserved preservation for protection of natural features, educational/natural history value or non-c.onsumptive outdoor recreation opponunities. The survey would also result in a preserve design with protection and stewardship recommendations for each identified site. Results would be in a formal useful to municipal government officials and local conservation groups, particularly as an aid to township planning. Objectives The following objectives were proposed for the survey. 1) Survey all natural and quasi-natural areas in Holly Township, including sitcS identified by the MNFI program's Natural Areas Inventory. Also survey other sites with potential values that did not meet MNFI criteria as top quality nalW'al areas. 2) Visit each site at least twice (once in mid-summer, again in early fall) and conduct extensive inventories for plants, birds and major insect groups, focusing on additional rare species populations and important natural communities. During field visits, address preserve design issues and management concerns. Assess natural and quasi-natural sites not identified by MNFI for values such as significant geologic features, cullW'al history, second-priority natural area protection, outdoor education, amateur natural history (birdwatching) non-consumptive recreation (cross-country skiing), or as critical buffer for quality natural areas lying immediately outside the 10wnship border. 3) Produce preserve designs and protection/management recommendations for each site identified as significant from field surveys. 4) Compile inventory data in the form of species lists for each recognizable natural community. 5) Investigate presculcment vegetation and current landscape cover by interpreting General Land Office survey notes and 1930s aerial pho10graphs of the township. Put identified sites into the context of Holly Township· s last remaining nalW'al vegetation. 6) Develop a general strategy for protection of private and public lands encompassed by the primary and secondary boundaries of site preserve designs. Distinguish land protection methods useful to municipal government and the private sector. Methods Twenty-seven sites were identified in Holly To wnship from aerial photographs and Ml\rl's Oakland Count\ l"-atural Arco~: lnvcmon · a<; dcservin; fi ;:ld survey~ . E.1ch ,!t,' \\' ;? , \' isitcd in mid-July and aga in in earl y Sq 11cmt>cr Cert.Jin sites were visited more th:m once. \\'here po s~ 1bk . ~Iles \\ ere visited al different lim es o! dJ~ fur u: :1e· ~~·ns niw rn sc, : arid bir,1 ~j',:..: i..: ~. L ~·h \ ' J~ · : c,, n~istc,! ,11 1: , , ,· 11.> Lir bird :- (t,y sight and s0 n f 1, p!Jnt, .11 .~ nu insect group~ 1,buucrnic s. cri;;kc.: ts . kat ydid~ ::inj !!ra~, ,F' l'f"',· r, II\ , 1~11 : Jnd son~). 1: : . , ; 7 111 ' ·-:=,. �• During visits, observations were made on preserve design needs and management concerns including hydrol- ogy, soil erosion, damaging exotic or native species, shrub invasion, ecological succession, surrounding residential and commercial threats, ownership paucrn and current land use, suuctural liabilities and natural hazards. pesticide and fertilizer contamination. Sites not identified by MNFI as top-priority natural areas wt.re evaluated for other values including second-priority natural area protection, natural history, outdoor education and non-consumptive recreation. Identified sites and special features A total of 22 sites proved wonhy of some level of protection because of one or more potential values. Communities and rare species are mapped in detail in the preserve design packages. Global and state ranks representing the rarity of Holly Township's rare species and communities arc given in APPENDIX I: GLOBAL AND STATE RANKS OF RARE SPECIES AND NA TI1RAL COMMUNITIES. Generalized species lists by community are included in APPENDIX II: CUMULATIVE SPECIES LISTS FOR MAJOR NATURAL COMMUNl1Y 1i'PES. Proposed land uses were ranked according to the following criteria. Table 1. Proposed land use categories for Holly Township's identified sites USE CATEGORY 1 2 3 4 S 6 • Table 2. Sites, special features (most important in bold) and proposed land uses SITE MAJOR SPECIAL FEATURES USE CATEGORY 1: Copncconic Lake hardwood-conifer swamp southern swamp 2 2: Gage Road prairie fen southern wet meadow southern swamp southern swamp dry-mesic southern forest southern floodplain forest southern swamp southern wet meadow southern swamp prairie fen southern swamp dry-mesic southern forest Panjcum mjcrocarnon (panic-grass, special dry-mcsic southern forest dry-mesic southern forest southern swamp prairie fen prairie fen southern wet meadow conifer swamp soulhcrn wet meadow southern wet m~dow southern wet mcado" 2 3: Kennedy Lake 4: Mitchell Lake S: Belford Road 6: Kurtz Road 7: Cady Lake 8: Iroquois Woods 9: Seven Lakes St Parle 10: Shiawassee River 11 : Wilson Lake • PROPOSED LAND USE <SUCCESSIVE CATEGORIES JNO..UDED} top-priority natural area (state or regionally significant) second-priority natural area (locally significant) natural history (birdwatching, botanizing) outdoor education (grade-school nature studies) non-consumptive outdoor recreation (skiing) critical buffer for natural area outside township I'.! : La:::ey Lake drainage 13: Mackey Road q : Burns- Crystal L:iJ...cs prairie fen conifer swamp 2 3 3 3 1 concern) 3 3 2 6 2 �Table 2 (cont.) SITE 15: Tooley Lake 16: Crotched Lake MAJOR SPECIAL FEATURES USE CATEGORY 3 conifer swamp southern wel meadow prairie fen prairie fen 2 southern wet meadow Cypripedjum candidum (white lady-slipper, threatened) Calcpbclis mutjs;um (swamp metalmark, special concern) 17: Minnock Lake dry-mesic southern forest southern swamp 3 18: Liale-Honon Lakes conifer swamp 2 dry-mesic soulhem forest southern wel meadow 19: Gravel Lakes Chain southern swamp hardwood-conifer swamp 21: Swartz Creek Swamp prairie fen southern wet meadow dry-mesic southern forest conifer swamp southern swamp 2 22: Slack Lake great blue heron rookery southern wet meadow 2 20: Holly Road Woods 3 prairie fen conifer swamp southern swamp Certain communities arc well represented in Holly Township. The township's best examples of southern wet meadow arc sometimes associated with small pockets of a globally rare community, the prairie fen. In these sites lhrive populations of rare plants such as the white lady slipper <Cxmipedjum candjdum) and rare animals, including the rare fen buuerfly Ca)Cl)hc)js mutjcum. the swamp metalmark. The best southern wet meadow/prairie fen complex found in the township surrounds Big and Liule Crotched Lakes in the Holly State Recreation Area. The most impressive stand of upland forest seen was the dry-mesic soulhem forest of Seven Lakes State Park, nestled between Seven and Dickinson Lakes. The most extensive lowland forest proved to be the southern swamp encompassing Gravel, Strawberry and Mud Lakes. The best conifer swamp lies on the southwest side of Slack Lake. Preserve design principles and format A preserve design delineates the boundaries of two basic types of land. The "primary" or "core" area encompasses all land that suppons natural, physical or cultural features that arc the focus of the site, for instance highquality plant communities or rare species. The primary boundary includes all land supporting the special community , or land used for growth and seed dispersal (in the case of plants), or land used for foraging, resting, reproduction and hibernation (in Lhe case of animals). The · ·secondary•' boundary surrounds the primary land; it includes buffer--all property necessary to protect and maintain the special features of the primary area . Secondary land should include buffer against current and future impacts (direct and indirect ones) of nearby residential and commercial development, hydrological alterations. local water and air contamination. The second:iry land should also include a 1/8- to 1/4-mile broad smoke zone to allow for fire management of fire-d..:pcndcnt cornmuniuc~ such as ual- for..:!>l~ and wcl me;.idow/fcn complex<.: ~.,, here su, I·, nlJllJf:<.:ment CC'n;::crns cx :st. 9 7 �I Preserve designs wei-e produced for sites recognized as wonhy of protection during this survey. The base map shows imponant landmarks such as roads, lakes and rivers: as well as natural communities. Overlays show ownership tracts and primary and secondary boundaries. Where rare species have been found at a site, what communities are present. and which tracts of land require some level of protection, are questions that are addressed by the preserve design for each site. Protection levels will be dealt with in section III: NATURAL AREA PROTECTION. Threats and management concerns Threats to nal.UJ'al areas are diverse and varied in impon.ancc. Some of the most significant threats arc classified below according to their impact on conditions of a natural area. Table 3. Generalized threats to natural areas, and management COMPONENT water quality (affects vigor and composition of vegetation, animal communities) water now (affects presence of certain wetland species, maintains shrub-free aspect) community integrity (affects composition of communities and survival of species that cannot compete; lowers longterm survival of natural area) community stability (affects composition of community, persistence of rare habitatspecific spe.cies) THREAT MANAGEMENT NEED contamination from sewers and nearby industrial sites; ferti.lizet and hericide runoff; salt runoff from major highways select areas away from heavy residential, commercial cencers; urge farmers to use minimal chemicals on crops and road commissions to use only sand channelization of streams for cultivation and residential development; road construction across watcrsheds include water sources or local watcr table in preserve design; roll back shrub invation with bum management; encourage road commission to install more culverts in straLCgic places to improve water flow invasion by exotic species from nearby gardens, roadsides sides and dumpsites; parasitism of native species by exotic or aggressive species; fragmentation of habitat by; development (roads, etc.) remove sources of exotics by pulling, herbidicing or burning; or introduce aggressive but "safe" native species dW ow.compete the exotics; acquire con1r0I of surrounding buffer and allow natural succession (or active habiw restoration) to replace undesirable habitat a natural process, usually slow over centuries but sped up where natural maintcnance such as regional fires have have ceased and extensive tracts have been reduced to fragments shrub management (herbicide and cutting), mowing or bwning; focus on larger sites that have several interacting communities that still function as a "landscape" rather than single, small communities �Ill NATURAL AREA PROTECTION Land protection includes a variety of methods ranging from landowner contact ("regisuy .. ) that has no legally binding protection, to acquisition with full legal control. Appropriate or minimal levels of protection for each tract depend on the type of land (primary or secondary) and ownership (private or public). The following table provides guidelines for tract protection according to land type and ownership. The minimum level of protection for a particular site overall can be decided on the basis of its quality, proposed land use and potential threats. The acwal level of protection that can be applied to individual tracts in a given site vary according to the techniques available to the protecting agency and the willingness of the owner to participate in negotiations. Table 4. Land type, ownership and protection levels TYPE Primary OWNERSHIP SUFFICIENT Private X X X PROTECTION LEVEL · acquisition conservation easement lease management agreement municipal regulations municipal z.oning landowner registry Secondary Public X X X natural area dedication master plan public registry Private X X X X X X X acquisition X X X natural area dedication master plan public registry Public conservation casement lease management agreement municipal regulations municipal z.oning landowner registry For secondary land the full range of protection techniques may potentially be used. However, certain tracts may be less significant that others (if ownerships. for instance, have only a small portion of secondary buffer); in such cases a lower level of protection may be appropriat.e. For primary land, complete control is often desirable, particu larly in the case of wetland sites w ith nearby development, or with management problems which may need burn or olhcr managemenL Strong or complete legal control of tracts wilh primary land will permit protection or management activities at I.he protecting agencies discretion. Similarly, a top-quality natural area wilh populations of rare spec ies and good community representation may deserve stronger protection than a lower quality sit.e designated for out.d oo r recreation . Acquisition of primary land and landowner registry and municipal zoning could be effective levels for differeni IJ"acts in the first case; lease could be the most appropriate lc\'cl for prmcction in the ~ond case. Leve( , of protec tion m:w vary w ith the pro1cct1n~ arrn cy: for inq:incc . conservation easements and land o wner re gistry coupled with illun1cipal zoning may be Lhc most u~dui set 01 prut,:~ uun "' toob" i01 rrai 11 i .ipJ : f:tl\crtJ· ni. r.· . . . ~,~~-'.:1!' r ~ut. :~ t,,,:. p f rliP '.\ ' lo:.:~tl n~u ur~1'. ~:rt..:~, . I!. sp ~·c ?~.1 c:1<:.:-~. ~u~: h ni ~H1i c 1p:! '. 1tl ;.'~ cou!--: ~!~ _h ·. r ur~t1· ff'l:r.1 ~1j 1 ~tl ;f.:q ui :.,iiun ol pri vaic Lr;1~ L': wl11.,; h nic..:t the lundmg c.:nt<.:ri ;.! ol Ll ,c !\;itural R,·~uur..:..:·, -: :w,I h;, 1d An o.:111pl , 01 ,;1,'. 11 �f • acquisition in Oakland County--purchase of Elizabeth Lake swamp by Waterford Township with assistance from The Nature Conservancy and funds from the NRTF--is currently in progress. Brief' descriptions of protection levels Acqujsjtjon--reccipt of ownership for a given tract by purchase, outright donation or crust of privately owned tract; in the best case, complete legal control (interest) is transferred with acquisition. • Conservation easeroem--permancnt limitations volunwily conveyed to a qualified public or privaae organization by a private landowner, that prevents certain uses of the land: title and right to possess the land are not given up by the owner. ~--rental agreement from a private landowner to a land management agency for t.emporary possession and unrestricted, exclusive use of the land for the specified duration of the agreemenL Management ap:eement-legal contract between a private landowner and a conservation agency, obligating the landowner to manage the propeny in a particular fashion during a specified amount of time: many management agreements are voluntarily granted by the landowner. Munjcjpal regulatjons--local ordinances governing waste disposal. stonnwaaer runoff, etc. developed and administered by township or city govcrnmenL Munjcipal zonjng--local zones developed and monitored by the township planner u an aid in directing or locating residential and commercial development in a township. Landowner rcgjstry--program of notification and education conducted by a conservation agency to honor private [and public] landowners with special features on their land. and solicit their assistance in protecting those features: protection is strictly voluntary and carries no legal power. Natural are,a dedjcatjon--highest level of protection for state-owned properties, prohibiting all but nonconsumptive recreation and proper management for natural features, granted by the Natural Resources Commission; proposals arc submitted by interested panics to the Wilderness and Natural Areas Advisory Board, which reviews proposals and makes recommendations to the NRC. Master plan--rccommendations made to a managing public agency to include protection and/or management of certain special features in the masaer plan for the public tracL Pµbljc rcgjstry--same technique as landowner registry but takes place between a conservation agency and administrators responsible for public lands under consideration . • l:! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Holly-Twp_Master-Plan_1990 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Holly Township Planning Commission, Holly Township, Oakland County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-02-12 Title A name given to the resource Holly Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Holly Township Master Plan was prepared by the Holly Township Planning Commission with assistance from Carlisle Associates and was adopted by the Planning Commission on February 12, 1990. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Carlisle Associates (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Holly Township (Mich.) Oakland County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5b1d9c213c0332d160266e5a8a69547f.pdf 7efe8186fd6b805d7f647e229b3b1bf2 PDF Text Text /{ cl0 0-~'-' l '1/ /~ IS'o Holocaust nightmare remains for three honored heroes By TODD TREMLIN There is no oompcnsat ion monetary or otherwise - that could make up for the fear and horror experienced by those condemned to German death camps during World War 11, or those who risked their lives hiding themselves ind others from the wrath of the Third Reich and its SSmcn. But last Wednesday, Grand VaUey State University recognized the courage of Grand Rapids residents David Mandel, and Pieter and Adriana Tennaat with Doctor of Humane Letters degrees at a highly emotional public ceremony in the Kirk:hof Center. But while the awards are sweet, the three insist that their stories and the truths about the Holocaust and German atrocities is the most effective revenge. THE TERMAATS Pieter and Adriana Tennaat were leaders of the Dutch underground resistance movement during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. They printed underground ~ewslellers, forged ration and identificlnion cards, and found hiding places for hundreds of Jews, allied forces pilots who had been shot down behind enemy lines, and Dutch men who fled the Nazi's forced labor camps. The Termaats had been married only a year and had an infant son in 1940 when the Nazis invadl!d the Netherlands. Their memories are vivid. The sight of refugees streaming off the trains in their small village north of Amsterdam to escape the advance of German troops is clear in Adriana's mind. ..This was a very difficult time in our lives, when everything seemed , without a future," Pieter said. The refugees were Pieter TermHt (lelt), his wile Adriane; and David M1nd1l, received honorary Doctor of Humane Letters d1grNs trom Grand Valley Stile University 11 an emotional ceremony lasl Wednesday. The recipienls are survivors - or helped other survive - the Holocaust. taken in by Dutch fami- were part of . the Dutch 1i es, and soon the resistance. In the spring of 1944, Termaats had a family of an informant told the eight living with them. That was their in- Gestapo, the Secret Nazi troduction to the war that police, that Pict.er was would envelop the entire part of the resistance. world, and leave it reeling Luckily, resistance leadcrs five years later. For the karned of thc betrayal in Termaats, it was five time 10 gel Pi.:tc:r mto years of constant fear of hide.ling. being caught, along with Nothing in their liv.:s thousands of others who pu:parl!J the Termaah for the hmrihk: expcricm:e of the Na1.1 oa:upa11on nothing prepared them for the circumstances i1110 which they had been thrw,1. They lived day 10 day, and will never forget the horror of that time. ..The Jews had been concentrated in a11 Amsterdam ghello, and forced to wear the Star of David,"said Pieter. He said that at the beginning of the occupation there were J 50,000 Jews in the Neth.:rlands. At the end in 1945, only IO percelll remamcd. Tiu: rest had been killed by the Nazis. In I986, Yad V,,shem, the Holocaust Martyrs and Heroes Remembranc.: Authority of lsrad, awarded lhc Terrnm11s the Mal.ii of the R1ghu:ous Gentile - thal coulllry's high.:st a"'ard - for 1h.:1r Pliilse ill HEROES, P191 16 �60 ?."3. 19? r. todd .r:- 1.:.n c/o -ivanco . Jear r. _ro'1.iri , r s. ier~ st and~ w nt to xprass our thnnk ~ for yll l!' e;__,r sit t ve \ ,.~ ll:~c r.r.qt ,., "'?' of the -~c~~ber 7, 19{2 ;c~v¢c~t~~ •. t0 :ro'l ·, r') L ~,.. l i i·A to .-:x t an:'l cur 1-:cst wishes for vour c.gr •,j :-- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_NWS_1988-12-13-Advance-Convocation-report Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tremlin, Todd Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-12-13 Title A name given to the resource Holocaust nightmare remains for three honored heroes Description An account of the resource Photocopied newspaper clipping about Pieter and Adriana Termaat lecturing at Grand Valley State University. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Americans Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) -- Europe World War, 1939-1945 -- Jews -- Rescue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec069547eabf363a32a76f2bea3bd3ec.pdf e82d5ac73fa1318a46c13ddec62c4048 PDF Text Text CONGREGATION AHAVAS ISRAEL YOM HA-SHO'AH HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE SERVICE �l;lazzan: .~il~~JJ?;'l ~l~-1~ ,~ilV.10] C1tt il~ ~7 . i:iil7 ',J~ ,.,~., ,i1~1 ',:i;,', ciN •• •• : T T T T •: T T 1•: - .tv~:1 ',7.;~7 :i7~7 ,'171)] f"~~ ,R~~ .c,N·r "l:l ~:i~tv ,~Nhi I N~1 ,11 tvilN :itvn •• : I T •: I - T - - •:: •• T There is a time for everything; there is a time for all things under the sun: a time to be born and a time to die a time to laugh and a time to cry a time to dance and a time to mourn a time to seek and a time to lose a time to forget and a time to remember. This day in sacred convocation we remember those who gave us life. This day we remember thos€ who enriched our life with love and with beauty, with kindness and compassion, with thoughtfulness and understanding. This day we renew the bonds that bind us to those who have gone the way of all the earth. As we ref]Act upon those whose memory moves us this day, we seek consolation, and the strength and the insight born of faith. Tender as a father with his children, the Lord is merciful with His worshipers. He··knows how_we are fashioned; . He remembers that we are dust. Page One �The days of man are as grass; · he flourishes as a flower in the field. The wind passes over it and it is gone, · and no one can recognize where it grew. But the Lord's com.p assion for ~is worshipers, His righteousness to children's children, remain, age after age, unchanging. Three score and ten our years may number, four score years if granted the vigor. Laden with trouble and travail, . life quickly passes, it flies away. Teach us to use all of our days, 0 Lord, that we may attain a heart of wisdom. Grant us of Your love in the morning, that we may joyously sing all our days . . t,i~N '.' ,:J "l"~"~ .,::, ,.,~n - ' ' • • I .ntt~t? ljo/: "'i~~ ti~ ,-,7;:1:p "1ll, .,., "rr,w ' : •; : T : • I' ' '~~J "~7 ' T When I stray from You, 0 Lord, my life is as death; but when I cleave to You, even in death I have life. You embrace the souls of the living and the dead. The earth inherits that which perishes. But only the dust returns to dust; the soul, which is God's, is immortal. The Lord has compassion for His creatures. He has planted eternity within our soul, granting us a share in His unending life. He redeems our life from the grave. During our brief life on earth He gives us choices. Page Two n~~ 1~7 �These I recall and pour my heart out. How the arrogant have devoured us!. Fifteen thousand children passed through the camp of Terezin from 1941 to 1945. One hundred survived. One who did not was Frantisek Bass, born in 1930, deported to Terezin in 1942, murdered at Auschwitz in 1944. He left a poem. A little garden, Fragrant and full of roses. The path is narrow And a little boy walks along it. A Ii ttle boy, a sweet boy, Like that growing blossom. When the blossom comes to bloom, The little boy will be no more. Page Three �Six million little boys and girls, and men and women, six million of our cousins who by the whim of monsters are no more. That little boy my cousin, whose cry might have been my cry in that dark landWhere shall I seek you? On what wind shaffl reach out to touch the ash that was your hand? Where shall I seek you? There's not anywhere a tomb, a mound, a sod, a broken stick, mar~ing the sepulchres of those sainted ones the dogf aced hid in tumuli of air. 0 cousin, cousin, you are everywhere! And in your death, in your ubiquity, bespeak them all, our sundered, cin1ered kin: David, whose cinctured boneyoung branch once wrapped in phylacterynow hafts the peasant's bladed kitchenware; and the dark Miriam murdered for her hair; the relicts nameless, and the tatoo'd skin fevering from a lampshade in a cultured homeall, all our gaunt, skull-shaven familythe faces are my face! that lie in lime. You bring them, jot of horror, here to me, them and the slow eternity of despair that tore them, and did tear them, out of time. Death may be beautiful when, full of years, ripe with good works, a man, among his sons, says his last word and turns him to the wall. But not these deaths I Not these weighted tears! The flesh of Your sages, Lord, flung prodigal to the robed fauna with their tubes and shears; Your chosen for a gold tooth chosen; for the pervert' s wetness, flesh beneath the roddeath multitudinous as their frustrate sporeThis has been done to us, Lord, thought-lost God; and things still hidden, and unspeakable more. Page Four �A world is emptied. There where Your people praised in angular ecstasy Your name, Your Torah is less than a whisper of its thunderclap. Your synago~es, rubble. Your academies are silent, dark. They are laid waste, Your cities, once festive with Your fruit-full calendar, and where Your curled and caftaned congregations danced to the first days and the second star, or made the market places loud and green to welcome in the Sabbath Queen. There where dwelt the thirty-six righteous-world's piUarsand tenfold ancient Egypt's generation, there is nothing, nothing ... only the million echoes calling Your name still trembling on the air. We who have survived them pray: again renew our days. Again renew them as they were of old, and for all time cancel that ashen orbit in which our days, and hopes, and kin are rolled. I' If the prophets broke in through the doors of-night and sought an ear like a homelandEar of mankind overgrown with nettles, would you hear? If the voice of prophets blew on flutes made of martyred children's bones and exhaled airs burnt with martyrs' criesif they built a bridge of old men's dying groans- Ear of mankind occupied with small sounds, would you hear? Page Five �If the prophets stood up in the night of mankind like lovers who seek the heart of the beloved, night of mankind wo:uld you have a heart to offer? We will renew our prayer, Creat0r, even as You have renewed our hearts. We know that a time will come when there will be no strong and no weak, no hunters· and no hunted, no oppressors and no oppressed, no slayers and no slain, no masters and no servants, no rich and no poor. For we know this world is no waiting room for eternity. Eternity is here among us. · Therefore we are bidden to take thought for our own hereafter, and for our brothers' welfare in this world. And we know that this teaching will survive all its enemies and all our own. Are our enemies mightier than we? _Torah is stronger than their might, and our dream is greater than their night. We know that this world will be saved from evil. Should this not be true, may we know nothing further, as nothing will be worth knowing. For we know how difficult, how dangerous, how piteous it is to be a human being. And we know how granq, how glorious it is to be a human being. When we recall the pain of our past, we also must recall its splendor, the foundation with which our lives begin, and our debt to the long line of our ancestors, of blessed memory, all -those who have come before, beginning with Abraham. Their lives and-their teachings sustain us. The merit of their lives stands at our side today as we seek forgiveness for our own deeds which ha·ve stained and soiled our lives. Page Six �Because of. the strength and the be~uty and the piety of their lives, because ·of our- hope for the future which they have . planted within us-in spite of everythi_ng which strangles hope -we say Yes to creation and we say Yes to our Creator and to His eternity and holiness. We rJse. ,,~i;,: Kishinev · Yi t-_gadal Kishinev . tv1j(~:1 Warsaw ve-yit-kadash ' Warsaw ·· Auschwitz shmei raba Auschwitz r111~~1::) N1:l .,,• N?J,~:J •• : ' T: T : T : Dachau b'alma divra khir'utei Dachau r10~:,7~ 1"7??~1 Buchenwald ve-yamlikh mal-khutei li:,.,~;.,~, 7i:,"~tt~ Buchenwald Babi Yar be-J.iayei-khon uve'yomei-khon Babi Yar uve-1_-tayei di-khol beit yisrael Baghdad ,Nitzr n":i-,:,, .,!tn:i~ "T:' " T •• - : Baghdad :l"iR l~I:;i, N7~~~ I:Iebron ba-agala u-vizman kariv I:Iebron v'imru amen. Ye-hei shmei raba meva-rakh l'alam ul'almei 'almaya. Page Seven : �n~tltJ ,,~i;,: Yit-bara-k h ve.:.yish-tabab Kfar Etzion Kfar Etzion C~i,n.., iNDn", - ve-yit-pa'ar ve-yitromam : .•: - T : •: Mayence Mayence i1ut:':1 NWJ?;':, ve-yitnasei ve-yit-hadar Terezin Terezin '?D?;1:) i1~~?;1:) Treblinka ve-yit'aleh ve-yit-halal ~~il 1"7~ N~7Rl ~~tp Treblinka Bergen-Belsen shmei di-kudsha brikh hu Bergen-Belsen N1'Y', N1'Y, T 1•• : T 1•• : Vilna l' eila l' eila Nn,..w, Nn:,,:1-,~~ Vilna TT• : TT:• T• Usha mikol bir-khata ve-shirata Nn~nl, Nnn~wn Usha T T •:: •:: T T : : ••• Massada tush-be-ltata ve-nelte-mata N7t7¥f ll"~~1 Massada Jerusalem da-amiran b' alma Jerusalem v'imru amen. ''~l~:-?f '~1 ~l"7,\7 C"~1J1 N:~Tf l~ N~j N~7t¥ Nt:17 ·l~l$ ,,1?l!t1 Ye-hei shlama raba min shmaya ve-]Jayim aleinu v'al kol yisrael v'imru amen. . ,,~,t-,~ '~1 'l"7.\7 Oseh shalom bimromav hu ya'aseh yisrael v'imru amen. ci,~ il~~~ N~il ,..~;,??~ ci,~ i1WiY ·l~~ shalom aleinu v'al kol Page Eight , 7t~~ �In _memory. of the s1x million zitJp ;,;t:)~ ;i,:iil1t N~~iJ c"~i,7P~ 1~;tzj c"~tr1 N,~ ,l(· ,c"'1"'0l~ ll"'R.10 int=r c"'ii;,t?, c"'~i,R r,;,~~f ilf~VftJ "'P.~~ ,l7~HW ,'7~1 C"'~; C"'~;~ ,'~1f¥: .,~~ irp~-,f ni~t¥~-z,~ 'll# N~~ .c~,:iu7t "'iJT;l 11.Y. l~f .,p~r;t~W) 1£>7?¥~~) ,nft?~W) C"'~lJiJ iii~~ ii~, C"'~7i~7 9"'~~f ip9.f 01"'1:lt;)iJ ,C"'~Q1y .cry"'lJi:J:p~~ ,31 ci,~=? ,n,t~1 ,C?)7t1~ Niil ~7 .cry"'Di~t¥~-r,~ ·l~~ ,~Nj) Exalted, compassionate God, grant perfect peace in Your sheltering Presence, among the holy and the pure, to the souls of all our brethren, men, women and children of the House of Israel who were slaughtered and burned. May their memory endure, inspiring truth and loyalty in our lives. May their souls thus be bound up in the bond of life. May they· rest in peace. And let us say: Amen. In memory of oll tho doad Z,lJP illi:)~ il0,l7? N~??.J C"'~i,7?~ J:;?itD C"'~Q1 N?~ i,~ c.,,.,;:rv~ ll"'i?iv it1tf c.,,;;,~, c"'~i,R n;,~~f ilf~tptr "'P.t~ ,c~,;~, ,:>,iltD il:>i:i, Ci"il ,J,:>Tiltv ;,1,N-,:> r,i?.jWl-nN i~9.=t 0'1."'l:'t?iJ ,C"'~Q1iJ '~?- N~~ .01:10,l?? "'iJ?;i 11Y. Hf N,il :~ .C;:J"'lJi?.j?q~-r,tt C"'~TJiJ ,;,~:;i ,.,~, C"'~7i~7 9''P.F~ ·17;~ i~Nl1 .CtJ"Oi::i:p~~-,~ ci,~~ ,n,t~, ,c~7q~ T T : : T '.' T T : ' - : 1- : ' •: •: 1•• T : • •: Exalted, compassionate God, grant perfect peace among the holy and the pure, in Your sheltering Presence, to the souls of all our beloved who have gone to their eternal home. May their memory endure as inspiration for deeds of charity and goodness in our lives. May their souls thus be bound up in the bond of life. May they rest in peace. And let us say: Amen. Page Nine �.,onN N, "l7i "" T : •: ' T: The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. I "ll"~ ,., NW'1 niNl~ r• • :•: r,• : • • He gives me repose in green meadows. He leads me beside the still waters to revive my spirit. ·i~~ ll7~7 He guides , ¥~;i P1~-.. "~P~~ me on the _right path, for that is His nature. nJ~7~ N..~;, ,,~ ":P c~ I "1~17 iU1N ":!>• 'T' T- 11, N-i"N N? T T' Though I walk in the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no harm, for You are with me. ·"~r:?.tl~~ ;,~p 9~~~~~' 9t?~~ Your staff and Your rod comfart me. ,"17J ,~~ lt:17W,·"J!";7 1i~?J You prepare a banquet for me in the presence of my foes . .i1~17 "Qi~ ,"~Ni l~~~ l;'t~1 You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. ,":tr "~~-,; ";'!?77~ ,~;n:n :1it, ,~ Surely goodness and kindness shall be my portion all the days of my life. _.c"~: 11-~7 :~ n"~~ "f)=?~ And I shall dwell in the House of the Lord forever. Psalm 23 Page Ten �.: Adon Olam .Ni:ll i"J"-,~ Cit,:J T: • • : T •:1·.· : .N1R~ ;~~ 17~ "I~ .N1il 1'7?~ i1~7 1'27r ,~~ c7i~ 7;,~ ',~ i~t>M:J i1tl1~l r,17&.;, . : •: : T -:- •• : .iliNDn:J il"il" N~ili: TT:•:•::• .i11"~r:tiJ'? ;, ,.,u;'?iJ'? "~w l"tt: ,o~ N~i11 .i1,~~iJ1 TY~ ;,, n"7i)lJ "7~ n"WN1 "7~ "7~il "IJ1 "7~ N'i11 .,, Cil~, "Cl N~i11 .N1R~ Ci"~ "Qi~ r,~7? "J:n; i"~'?~ ;;~f .i11"V.~] 7W-~ r,~f . Ni"N N?1 .,, "" "n u "n~, c17, • T • : • T: T 9 • T•: Adon olam asher malakh, b'terem kol ye-tz1r nivra. L'eit na-asah ve-heftzo kol, azai meiekh sh'mo nikra. · Ve-aharei kikhlat hakol, le~vada yimlakh nora. Ve-hu hayah ve-hu hoveh, ve-hu yih-yeh b'tifarah. Ve-hu ehad ve-ein shei.:.ni, le-hamshil la le-hal)birah .. B'li rei-sheet b'li tahhleet, ve-la ha-oz ve-hamisrah. Ve-hu Eil1 ve-.bal go-ali, ve-tzur bevli b'eit tzarah. Ve-hu nisi u-manos li, m'nat kosi b'yom ekra. • ' B'yado afkid ru}Ji, b'ei~ ishan ve-a-irah. Ve-im ruhi ge-viyati, Adonai Ii ve-Io ira. Page Eleven • • • : • : � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1983-04-10-Ahavas-Israel-Program Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Congregation Ahavas Israel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-04-10 Title A name given to the resource Holocaust Remembrance Service program Description An account of the resource Program for the Congregation Ahavas Israel's Holocaust Remembrance Service, with poems and hymns in English and Hebrew. Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust Remembrance Day Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng he Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4510c6ebff405ecab268db61e04eb1bd.mp4 7b4f6556dcb3dd8bf4aab4501ec12526 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b3776c3b2aa92dddc9ac60eadba295f3.pdf a9ea3f770e1b5fe7c7bf99f607fe29f7 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Vietnam War Donald Holthausen 43:44 Introduction (00:50)      Don was born in South Amboy, New Jersey on April 6, 1949. He has a brother that is three years younger. Don’s father worked as an electrician and his mother was a registered nurse as well as being a housewife and a mom. He took many industrial type classes in high school, and later worked for Johnson and Johnson for twenty four years after he got out of the army. (02:30) During his senior year of high school, Don remembers hearing about Vietnam from one of his teachers. He did not pay too much attention to it until he got his draft notice. He graduated from high school in June 1967. Don was working as a machinist for Lockheed Electronics, and in January or February 1969 he received his draft notice. Military Training (04:23)             Don reported to the draft board office in Newark, New Jersey on June 2, 1969. They were sworn in there at the office and then bussed down to Fort Dix for basic training. The first day of training they all got their hair shaved off, plus they were issued all their military clothing and boots. After their fourth or fifth week of training, they were given a weekend pass; which Don used to go home for a couple of days since his house was only an hour’s drive from base. Don was the first member of his family to be in the military except one uncle that served at Fort Dix in the forties as the fire chief. Basic training was very physical, which was to get everyone in shape. They marched to the rifle range and gained some familiarity with shooting. Don was a hunter and was already familiar with guns and shooting. (06:20) Basic training was two months long, followed by a one week leave before being shipped to Fort Lewis, Washington for AIT (Advanced Infantry Training). Out of his entire training platoon in basic, only ten to fifteen percent were sent to the infantry. The majority were sent to military police or made cooks. Just about all of the instructors at basic training were Vietnam veterans. Most of the training was also geared towards their coming experience. Overall, Don’s training experience was positive. At the end of basic training they asked if anyone wanted to go to jump school, which Don did not. That school lasted for two weeks. (08:36) Don qualified with the M-14 rifle in basic and did not see his first M-16 until AIT. They arrived in Washington during the middle of August, and training began immediately. AIT lasted for another two months. Once AIT was completed, Don was given a thirty day leave. AIT was more infantry training that included lots of weapons training. �    They fired M-60 machine guns, rockets, M-16’s and .50 caliber rifles. They also threw hand grenades and took escape and evasion courses. One of these courses lasted twenty hours. (10:34) This consisted of land navigation with a map and compass to a point about 15 miles away, with instructors running around trying to capture the soldiers. Instructors were armed with balloons filled with flour, which they threw at the men. At the end, if you had flour on your uniform you were considered captured. Don and only a few others made it to the finish without being captured. He was given orders to Vietnam during the last week of AIT telling him to report to McChord Air Force Base. Vietnam (12:35)                The flight over was very solemn because they knew they were not going to a nice place. His family was upset and they always told him that they would be praying for him. To this day, Don believes that those prayers are the reason he made it home. When he left for Vietnam, he was engaged, and he received letters from his fiancé everyday. They landed in Cam Ranh Bay and stayed for one week pulling guard duty along the bunker line at night. After that, he was told that he was being sent to the 101st Airborne. When he first got off the plane in Vietnam it was around 1 or 2 am so the whole town was asleep. Don and about four others were loaded into the back of a deuce and a half truck and transported to the reception center. (14:55) When he was sent up north to join the 101st, they boarded a small plane and flew into Da Nang. From there they were trucked to Camp Evans. Upon arrival, he was signed in to the company and he again pulled guard duty for another week. He was received well, everyone was helpful and friendly. After a couple of days he was able to get to know everybody; several guys were more helpful than others, but they were all like brothers after a few months. (17:12) Before he joined his unit, he did not have any special training besides zeroing his rifle. Don met up with his unit at Firebase Birmingham, the mud was two feet deep and it rained everyday. He operated out of Birmingham and Firebase Bastogne, which were located in the lowlands on the edge of the mountains. During the monsoon season, they spent most of the time in the field. It would rain all day and at night they would curl up in their poncho to sleep. When morning came, they were all dry. (19:07) Many men caught jungle rot and developed painful sores from being wet all the time, but Don never did. Captain Hale was the company commander when Don first arrived, but around Christmas Captain Vazquez took over. Out of all the men he met in Vietnam, the unit received the best training from him. He made all the men do things by the book, which helped the men protect themselves. Don believes that he saved a lot of lives because of it. (21:18) They made no enemy contact from November till April, and once the monsoon season was over, they started making contact with the enemy, followed by another month of lull. It wasn’t until Ripcord did they make significant contact with the enemy. �Ripcord (22:10)             They moved into the mountains around Ripcord after the monsoon season. The first couple of months on Firebase Ripcord were pretty quiet with only a few incoming mortar rounds. Don was apart of Charlie Company and they were in charge of pulling security for the artillery batteries at Ripcord. At night they watched to make sure no sappers got through the wire. A couple of weeks before the battle on Hill 902 Captain Vazquez was replaced by Captain Hewitt. They were ordered to stay on 902 for two nights, which was questioned by the men who knew that it was not good to stay in the same location for two nights in a row. (25:42) During 902, Don was in a foxhole that was about five and a half feet deep. Once the enemy breached their perimeter that night, sappers began throwing satchel charges in their foxholes. About a half hour of being attacked seemed like hours and hours. After that, things began to settle down. Don was the radio operator and he later learned he had the only working radio. (27:30) He keyed his microphone using their call sign, and got a response from someone at Camp Evans. Don asked for gunships to come and help them. After twenty minutes two Cobra helicopters came out and began to circle their position. Don and another soldier fired flares above their position to let the gunships know where to fire. They used mini-guns and rockets to help clear the area. Each chopper fired about a dozen rockets and used all their mini-gun ammo. (29:15) The next morning they were extracted and relieved by another company. After that battle, they were pulled back to the rear because they were under company strength and had to regroup. They were given many new men to fill in the ranks. After 902, another big battle happened on Hill 1000. Captain Wilcox was in charge then. (32:39) The top of Hill 1000 was very rocky with large boulders. The enemy dug in under these which protected them from the airstrikes and artillery that were used to prep the hill for the infantry. After the failed first attempt, they were ordered to try again to take the hill. Captain Wilcox refused to send his men up another time and lost his command because of it. Don later found out that the Battalion intelligence knew they were going to be hit that second night on Hill 902 and did not pull them out. (35:45) After Hill 1000, Don was only in the field for a month before he was called back to Camp Evans. He then pulled bunker duty for a few weeks before being sent home fourteen days early. Don spent a total of fifty weeks in Vietnam. Back in the States (37:08)  All the men going home celebrated as they flew home on either Southwest or Frontier Airlines. They flew out of Da Nang, which was a pretty nice town in 1970. They stopped at Guam to refuel and while there men went to the PX and bought drinks. The stewardesses were all happy that they were coming home as well. �     They flew into McChord Air Force Base and were given a steak dinner at 1 am. From there, they were given a new set of Class A uniforms. They did not arrive to the Seattle Airport until about 10 or 11 the next morning to go home. Don received orders to report to Fort Riley, Kansas after a fourteen day leave at home. (39:36) While there, he had to make the 7 am formation, and then if they did not have guard duty they just went home in the evening. Don got married when he first arrived home from Vietnam and had his wife, Linda, move back to Kansas with him. (41:04) Don was at Fort Riley for six months and was discharged from there. He was promoted to sergeant while there, and asked to re-enlist several times but he always turned them down. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Holthausen, Donald (Interview outline and video), 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Holthausen, Donald Description An account of the resource Don was born in South Amboy, New Jersey on April 6, 1949. He graduated from high school in 1967 and worked for two years as a machinist before being drafted into the United States Army in 1969. He attended basic training at Fort Dix and AIT at Fort Lewis. Don was sent to Vietnam in 1969 and was assigned to Charlie Company, 101st Airborne. He was in the battle of Hill 902 and Hill 1000 and operated around Firebase Ripcord. Don spent a total of 50 weeks in Vietnam. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McGregor, Michael (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-10-10 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HolthausenD1536V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/34d7f3fa88b9612de4b684bd32ddaabe.mp4 68b5f5449ebbc07797731c1102cfb553 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dc740b15f7c41949f1b3d43c064f2476.pdf 286210e5e9d6a20ea4430ea619ec1818 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Oral History Interview Veteran: Will Holton Interviewed by James Smither Transcribed by Grace Balog Interviewer: We are talking today with Will Holton of Grand Rapids, Michigan, and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project. Okay, now Will, can you start us off on some background on yourself? And to begin with, where and when were you born? Veteran: I was born in Crockett County, Tennessee. Interviewer: And your date of birth? Veteran: January the 19th, 1919. Interviewer: Very good. And how long did you live there? Veteran: When I was 4 years old, my parents went to Blytheville, Arkansas. And they stayed at Blytheville, Arkansas until I was 14. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, and so at that time, when you were in Arkansas, what was your family doing for a living? Veteran: Oh, farmer. We were farmer. Interviewer: Alright. And did you rent land? Or did you own land? Veteran: Well, before we went to Arkansas…Okay, my father was raised by Arleyy Loud and Book [?] Loud, so far as I know, I am just going by what I am told because see I don’t know. He owned, you know like—He was their guy so he run things. So I say, when I was four years old, �then he left and went to Arkansas. We stayed there like ten years and then we come right back to where we left. Then we stayed there until I was 16, then we went to Alamo. That’s the county, the biggest town in Crockett County. Then there, I started to work for the county. (00:02:00) Interviewer: Okay. Now, how much schooling did you have? Veteran: 10th grade. Interviewer: Okay. And so then, you started working for the county? Veteran: At 19 years old. Interviewer: Okay, and what work were you doing? Veteran: Back then they had what they called a WPA and so you wasn’t supposed to get on the WPA until you were 20 years old, but I got married when I was 18 years old. Before I got married, I signed up. They had a program that’s called you work two days and you go to school three days. That’s what I signed up for. But I got married before the card come back. When it come back, it said the WPA. So, my daddy didn’t sign up for me… Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: So, they had to—I wasn’t old enough but beings I was married, they had to let me work so they give me the water—I was a water boy until there was a man that…A hard guy that knowed my parents. He seen after the tractors and things. When he found out I was, you know, he took me—then I worked with him, gas up the tractors and caterpillar and put the new regular tracks on and everything. And so, I worked there for three years. Then after that cut out, I went to Paris, Tennessee. And they were building an army camp, and I worked up there all winter. �And when that job was played out, I come back to Alamo. And then I went to work at the fish plant in Malvern. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: But then I worked at—my wife died. And then, about 6 months after my wife died, I had to go to the Army. (00:04:01) Interviewer: Okay, you got a draft notice then. Do you remember how you heard about Pearl Harbor? Veteran: I heard about Pearl Harbor after I got out to the Army. Interviewer: Okay, so when that happened, you didn’t have— Veteran: I mean, Pearl Harbor? Oh yeah. Interviewer: The attack, yeah. Veteran: Pearl Harbor, I said they bombed Pearl Harbor in ’41. I was at home then. It was in ’42, I went to the Army. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: I thought you was talking about the bomb. Interviewer: No, no. That comes later. Veteran: I heard about that after I got out to the Army. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Now, when the war started, did you expect that you would have to go in the Army? Or did you think that because you had a family to take care of and everything else, they’d leave you alone? �Veteran: Well to tell you the truth, I just didn’t really think nothing about it at all. Interviewer: Okay. Now, did you notice other people getting drafted or going off? Veteran: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, now when they drafted you, how did that work? Did they send you a letter? Or…? Veteran: Yeah. Well see, I lived right there in the town, and so I passed the draft board—I was ready to hit the draft board. Interviewer: Oh Okay. So, you are right there anyway… Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah, and so you— Veteran: So, they just knowed—they didn’t have to send me the letter, they just called me because they all knowed. Interviewer: Alright, they said “Hey Will, you’re going in the Army now.” Veteran: They called me and then they gave me a piece of paper then I read it. It said what time to be at the, you know, draft boards. Interviewer: Okay. Where did they send you for the first part of your training? Veteran: Fort Benning, Georgia. Interviewer: Okay. And then how did they get you to Fort Benning? Veteran: On the train. �Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Veteran: From home, I caught the bus to Jackson, Tennessee. Then from Jackson, Tennessee, I had to catch a train to Fort Benning, Georgia. Interviewer: Alright, now this is 1940s, and the south is still segregated. So, did you have to ride on the back of a bus or in a separate train car or…? Veteran: Well you know that’s…A lot of folks said that but at that time, at Tennessee, I had never rode the bus. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: I never went nowhere. Whenever I’d go, I just sat wherever I wanted because I never rode the bus. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: You know, I have heard a lot of people talk about that but…See in Crockett County, in Tennessee, you know I heard stuff said like Jim Crowe? I never experienced it. Interviewer: So, this is just sort of small towns and small communities and people know each other… Veteran: Yeah. Well no, I wouldn’t say they love each other, I just say I never experienced it. I don’t know what the other folks did. Around my hometown, most of the people, they knowed me. Lot of them said I did every a good self. (00:07:08) Interviewer: Alright. Okay. �Veteran: Because I did, I guess I like this example. The white people raised my daddy. Well, in that town, I would help, you know, I didn’t care if you were white or black. I just didn’t see color, I see person. I don’t care what color you is. If you’re nice, I would be nice. But if you wasn’t nice, I wouldn’t be nice. Interviewer: That makes sense. Alright, okay well now you’ve gone and joined the Army. Now… and you get to Fort Benning, and what happens there? Veteran: Well I said and then they sent us down to Cusseta, Alabama [actually Georgia]. Interviewer: Well, talk a little bit about the training at Fort Benning. What did you learn there? Veteran: Well I said you do infantry training. Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: You learn how to shoot a gun, lay out at night and sleep in the blankets and things. Just Army… (00:08:10) Interviewer: Okay. And then, they also have to teach you how to follow orders and how to march and those kinds of things? Veteran: Oh yeah. Well, I got most of that after I hit—they didn’t teach you much. Would take us to camp south of Alabama. That way before you returned, you had main training. At Fort Benning, Georgia they just—you didn’t get around just keep your upside, you didn’t just sit around in the bed. But the captain said at Alabama, they start doing the real training. You know you lay out at night and sleep in the shelter there. And I tell you…And then we got to Texas, then they issue a rifle. Then they make you have—you go to bed at night, you keep your rifle in �bed with you. You could move but if they caught you moving without your rifle, you got extra duty. Interviewer: Do you know where you were in Texas? Veteran: They said west Texas, but I forget what camp it was. Interviewer: Alright. Well, there were a lot of camps. So there is Fort Bliss in El Paso, or do you think you weren’t that far over? Veteran: Well, all I know is that we were right outside Abilene. Interviewer: Okay, so— Veteran: I don’t know what name of the camp. Interviewer: Alright, well there were a lot of them so…Actually no, somebody researching that could look that up and they’d figure that out. Veteran: I told you it was around Abilene, Texas. Interviewer: Okay, now were all of the men—was this an all-black unit that you were training with? Veteran: We had a couple of—we had a guy named Elwood Lorett—we had a couple of white guys. Well, let’s say it like that. When they come to the state, they settled as white. But see they Frenchmen. When they back in France, they settle as Africa. But see now, what they was, I don’t know. (00:10:10) Interviewer: Alright. But the Army itself was segregated, so you would get put into an allblack unit? �Veteran: Yeah, I would say so. Interviewer: Okay. Now the people who were—now the drill instructors as they were training you, how did they treat you? Veteran: Well they were…they was black. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: We had the captain, and most of the lieutenant, most of them was all white. But they didn’t train you. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: The first sergeant and the sergeant and the staff, all of them would train you. Interviewer: Mhmm. Okay, so the non-coms were black. The non-commissioned officers, the sergeants and the corporals, those were all black. Veteran: Right. Interviewer: Okay, so they were training you. Now, how did they treat you? Veteran: Well they was really nice, and like I said, in the Army I wasn’t really that nice because I was trying to get a dishonorable discharge. But I said, they treated me nice. We had a few little frictions but I say…they had me a couple of times but I’d say I had good sense. Interviewer: Well, what were you doing to try to get a discharge? Veteran: Some orders, I wouldn’t follow. Interviewer: Okay. �Veteran: Like if they put me on extra duties, some I’d do, some I wouldn’t. And they said “they going to put you in the guardhouse.” And I said “I don’t care.” Interviewer: So, did they put you in the guardhouse? Veteran: No, they wouldn’t. I said the captain asked me…I was corporal of the guard and I had an apartment in town, so when you go out at 5 o’clock in the evening, you can’t get off until 5 o’clock the next evening. But, when I took my meal off a guard at 5 o’clock in the morning, I asked him for his sergeant. I had an apartment in town, and there was something I wanted to go get. And I asked him, “Could I go?” And he said “No.” I told him I was going anyhow. So he told the captain. The captain called me into the office, and I went in the office, saluted him. He says, “Did you tell the sergeant you going to town?” “Yep.” He said, “Don’t you know you could be court martialed?” I said, “Yep.” He says, “You going?” “Yep.” “If I gave you a pass, will you go and come back and make a good soldier?” “Yep.” I just wanted an hour but he gave me a 12hour pass. But I was going in the house. (00:12:50) Interviewer: Okay, sure. That’ll help. Okay, so maybe you were actually good at your job? Veteran: Oh yeah, I’d say. Interviewer: Okay, now when you were in Texas, were you now training as an engineer unit? Veteran: No, truck driver. Interviewer: You were a truck driver at this point, okay. Veteran: I got pitched so well. I trained down there as a truck driver. �Interviewer: Okay. But were you now training with the unit that you had served with overseas? Or had you not joined them yet? Veteran: No, no. Interviewer: This is just general training still? Veteran: When they sent me to Alabama, they take so many—after you train at this for 18 weeks…I forget, however…Then they bussed us up. They put you where they think they need you. You know, you didn’t—I’d guess I was in about 5 different outfits. The last outfit was the end of the year one when I went overseas. But I went from infantry training to truck driver training. Then I went for that big gun. The ringing, I don’t hear so good. Interviewer: Okay, so you had artillery training? Veteran: What? Interviewer: Artillery training then? Veteran: Yeah, 155 millimeter. Interviewer: Yeah, those are big guns. (00:14:12) Veteran: Yeah, so that’s the reason I don’t hear so good. Interviewer: Okay, now do you remember where you did the artillery training? Veteran: Yeah, Camp Wilson, Louisiana. Interviewer: Okay, that’s in Louisiana. Alright. Okay. Veteran: And then from there, they sent us down to Camp—Camp Shelby, Mississippi, where we took engineer training. �Interviewer: Alright. Now, with the engineer training, what were they actually teaching you to do? Veteran: Build a—we had to, like I said, pontoon—you know what a pontoon bridge is? Interviewer: Mhmm. Veteran: And then infantry rafts and things. They teach you how to. In other words, we stayed between the field artillery and the infantry so in Germany when they’d go put bombs in the highways, you know, and mines. Our job was to clean out the mines. And we had a bridge brought in on a truck. We put out a bridge—we’d have to blow up a bridge, then put our bridge down and let the truck go by until we could get another built. Then we’d take our bridge up and put it on the truck. You know. Interviewer: And then do it again. Veteran: That was our job. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: Until I said we had to go up for reinforcements. Interviewer: Right, but that comes later in the story. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: So, we are going to try to follow things in order. So, you are bouncing around a lot in the west, from one camp to another, and one training assignment to another? Veteran: Yeah. �Interviewer: So, this would be going on probably through much of 1943. So, you’re spending probably the better part of a year doing this? Veteran: Yeah, because you had 13 weeks. At each place, you spent 13 weeks. Interviewer: Yeah. And you’ve got about 4 different places, so. Veteran: Until I was in Mississippi. Interviewer: Right. Okay. Veteran: So, when they…they sent one lieutenant down…one they had sent to Fort Benning Georgia. I mean from Camp Wilson, Louisiana to Mississippi. They sent a lieutenant and said he was training us to go overseas. So, we went through the 13 weeks of training. And at first, when it got time to take a test, the first sergeant told us to flunk the test. He said if you didn’t—if we didn’t flunk the test, we was going overseas. So, we flunked the test. So that lieutenant left and they sent another, Captain Emerhoe. He looked like he was around 60 years old. So, the sergeant said we had to go back over that same test. And he told us we could pass the test because he was too old to go anywhere. So, when the test come up, we would all pass the test. Then a week after we passed the test, they quarantined us. That means you couldn’t go nowhere. So, then we asked sergeant “what’s the matter?” He said, “I don’t know.” In about another week, they said “You’re going to Camp…Camp Shanks, New York.” He told us then, “Now we know where we’re going.” (00:17:40) Interviewer: Yeah. Because that was one of the main places for sending people over across to Europe from. Veteran: Yeah. �Interviewer: Alright. Now, during the time when you are at these different bases, were you always able to move around off base without any trouble? Was it— Veteran: Oh yeah, we didn’t have no trouble. When we was in Mississippi, they issued us all knives. And they told us men, two of you three stay together. So, MP—the police, the regular police, couldn’t arrest us. (00:18:16) Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: After one MP—we didn’t—they didn’t have nothing to say to us. So, they told us you’re going over-seas, you may get killed, so don’t take nothing off of nobody. That’s the order we got from the Army. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: Till… then the police didn’t mess with us, unless there was an MP with them. If the MP with them, they can say something to us. But if the MP wasn’t with them. Interviewer: But if anybody was going to arrest you, it would have to be the MP? Veteran: Right. Interviewer: Right, okay. So, okay, so they worked better than maybe most people think they did. Okay. Veteran: Well I heard a lot of people saying things went on in the Army that I don’t know nothing about. Interviewer: Yeah, well, the idea here is we want to know what you saw and what you did and what you remember. So that, that’s good. Okay, now, so they send you now to Camp Shanks, New York. Now, what unit are you with now? �Veteran: 1697 Engineer Company. Interviewer: Okay. So, you are now with your engineer battalion, and you have been training with them in Mississippi and now you are moving as a group…Okay. What kind of ship did they put you on? Was it just a regular transport? Or an ocean liner? Veteran: It was the USS Bliss. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: I ain’t got the picture but it… Interviewer: Well, was it a really big ship? Veteran: Oh yeah, it was a very big one. Interviewer: Okay. Did you have—was it just your battalion on that ship? Veteran: Oh no, there was a thousand of us. Interviewer: Okay, so that…So it’s either a big Army transport or a converted ocean liner. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. So, a big ship. Okay, so in the meantime, when your ship sailed, were you in a convoy? Or were you by yourself? Veteran: No, my whole company, my whole outfit. Interviewer: No, was the ship with a lot of other ships? (00:20:14) �Veteran: No. Well it was, as far as I could see, because I said once you get on the ship, the ship is so big, you know. But when you, when we got…After we left the dock, they let us come out on the top. I could see two other ships, like a convoy, but I don’t know how many. Interviewer: Yeah, but that would be part of a convoy, because you wouldn’t see that many of them at once. Veteran: No. Interviewer: But if there were other ships there then you had an escort. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, do you remember what the weather was like when you went across the ocean? Veteran: Well the weather was good, if you could say, how the water with the waves flying, if you could say that is good. But it wasn’t raining or nothing. Interviewer: Alright. Do you know what time of year it was when you went over? Was it, you know, when you got over to England, was it warm or cold? Veteran: It was kind of cold. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: You’d have your cold days. I would say it was in the fall of the year. Interviewer: Okay, that makes sense. Alright. Now, when you were crossing the ocean, did you ever have any…Did you have any U boat scares? �Veteran: Yeah. Yeah, a lot of them. Because the ship we was on, the motor went bad and all those other boats went up and they left. Loaded up about two of those little U boats, and they would take them…Because they said one time that they came on the ship that the Germans was trying to tow the main boat. And them little U boats, they were like ducks, going around. (00:22:05) Interviewer: Yeah. But those— Veteran: And then they would drop those ash cans over the back. Interviewer: Okay, so they left a couple of escorts with you, and they were protecting you against the Germans. Alright, so you survived that. Veteran: And after they got that motor fixed, what they said was “oh, you can’t go by what you hear” they said. Then they, they said, they run into top knot then we caught back up, because we took about a day or so to catch back up with them. Interviewer: Alright. And then do you know, do you remember where you landed in Britain? Did you land up in Scotland? Or did you land in the south— Veteran: In England. Interviewer: In England. Veteran: Uffcott, England. Interviewer: Okay. And what happens after you get there? Do you go to a camp or…? Veteran: Well, we head back to a…Like a big place where the rich folks stays. Interviewer: Okay. So, a big estate of some kind. �Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And at there we was, they say 50 miles from London where the Germans were dropping their rockets and… Interviewer: Yeah. Veteran: So, we could, you know. They said we was 50 miles from there. I didn’t go, some of the soldiers went but I didn’t because the Germans were dropping some of them rockets in London. Interviewer: Okay. So now you are getting into 1944, because that is when they are sending the buzz bombs in and all that. Okay. Now did you—and so what were you doing, what was your unit doing at this place where you were staying? Were you training more? Or just sitting around? Veteran: Mostly we were sitting around. Well, we’d do a little but you know, most days we were just sitting around. Interviewer: Okay, and then did you get to go into any of the towns in the area or go to a pub or something like that? Veteran: I said I didn’t, but some of the soldiers I said. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Veteran: They said we were 50 miles from…We was in Uffcott, England, and they said it was 50 miles from there to London. Some of the soldiers went. I didn’t. (00:24:06) Interviewer: Okay. �Veteran: Because they said they were dropping them bombs. Interviewer: Right. Okay, but did you go into the local town? Did you go into Uffcott or…? Veteran: Well that, there ain’t no time. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: They have a little here what they call a pub, maybe one year. There wasn’t no town or something like that. It’s a village. That’s what you’d call a village. Interviewer: Right. Okay, so not a lot going on there? Veteran: No. Interviewer: Okay, now was it just your battalion that was on that base? Or were there— Veteran: Right. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: It was just us out there. Interviewer: Alright. And within that battalion, did you have a particular job? Or did you just do whatever they wanted? Veteran: Let’s see, I was…At the time, I was a Corporal. You had to go on guard, but you didn’t—we didn’t do no kind of work. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: But you had to stand guard. Well, I didn’t stand guard, but I had to put people on guard and stuff like that. �Interviewer: Alright. Okay, and so then—but if the unit is actually doing engineer work, if they are building a bridge for instance— Veteran: That’s after we went into Germany. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: After they said the Germans broke through the American line, then we, after reinforcement, then they sent us into Germany. Interviewer: Okay, now— Veteran: Then we started building, you know… Interviewer: Yeah, then you go to work. Okay, now probably, given the timing of things here, the big German breakthrough happened in December of 1944, and that was the start of the Battle of the Bulge. And the Americans in fact sent a whole bunch of engineer battalions in there as reinforcements. Okay, now do you remember—okay, how did they get you across the English Channel? Veteran: Through the ship. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And then there, right where we were, there were a lot of other ships that were sunk, they say a lot of the soldiers were still in them boats. Of course, some of them we went through, passed some of the ships to cross the channel. Interviewer: Okay. And then, did you go into a harbor and get off at a dock? Or did you land on a beach somewhere? (00:26:18) �Veteran: On the beach. Interviewer: Okay. Because they were still using Omaha Beach and places like that still. Okay, and then when you land there, then how do they move you forward? Veteran: So, we had our own trucks and things. Interviewer: Okay. So, you just drove? Veteran: Yeah, they got the orders and we moved. I don’t know what kind of orders they got. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: But our captain was in on them so went he said, and we went. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Veteran: Let’s see, we had, we didn’t have just one company. It was 1697 in that combat battalion. So, we went by ourselves, wherever they sent us. We didn’t send with no other thing. Interviewer: Right. So, they had, they split—the battalion has several different companies in it. Veteran: Right. Interviewer: So, your company, with your captain, kind of goes by itself. Veteran: Yeah, in a company. Interviewer: Right. Okay, and so you drive across France and probably, did you stay in France? Or did you go into Belgium? Or did you go straight to Germany? Or do you not really know? �Veteran: When we left Uffcott…After we crossed the English Channel, I don’t know where we went! Interviewer: You wouldn’t know where you were. Okay. Do you have an idea of how long it was before you started to build bridges? Or how long it took you to get towards the front of the line? Veteran: Well, I said, after they got reinforcements, well I guess about maybe a week or 8 or 10 days, then we fell back and started doing that. Interviewer: Okay. So probably what is happening is you are being moved up toward where they think the front line might be, and if the Germans came that way, you would have had to fight them. (00:28:04) Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: So, when you first went forward, did you have to dig fox holes or anything like that? Or did you just camp? Veteran: No, we didn’t. They should be done, but we didn’t dig no fox holes. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: I said it should be done, but we didn’t dig—I guess some part, some soldiers did, but we didn’t, no. Interviewer: Sure. Okay, so they weren’t, that—the Germans weren’t getting that close to you then? Veteran: No. See, we went to work. We went and relieved these guys so these guys could go up to the front. �Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: So, we were close enough to see the flashes from them guns and things but we wasn’t exactly on the front. We left these guys so they could go up to the fight, until they could get reinforcements, and we fell back. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. But now they have got you over there and now you start building then. Did you spend most of your time building bridges, or were you doing mind-clearing or…? Veteran: That’s what we did, we cleared mines out of the street, we built bridges, and we cleared mines. That was our job. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: So, the goal was to bring the ammunition and stuff through. We keep the road clear and things. Interviewer: Alright, now when your unit was building bridges, what were you doing? Veteran: I said I was a guard. I had a .30 caliber machine gun. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: I had a .30 caliber machine gun, the guy in the first battalion had a .50 caliber machine gun mounted on to the back of the truck. I was in the second battalion and I had a .30 caliber machine gun that was on a tripod. Interviewer: Mhmm, yep, and so you were protecting…? Veteran: The guys working. �Interviewer: The engineers, yeah. Okay, so you didn’t have to do the heavy lifting? Veteran: No, not me. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: I wasn’t big enough. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: I was very small back in them days. Interviewer: Okay, now as you are doing this work, did you look around much at the countryside? Or see anything of the people? Or…? (00:30:08) Veteran: No, I didn’t. Interviewer: Okay, you just— Veteran: I couldn’t speak their language so I just didn’t. Interviewer: So, you just didn’t. Now— Veteran: A lot of soldiers did, but me, I just didn’t. Interviewer: Okay, you just mind your own—Okay, now, you had mentioned before that you had been married, you know, your wife had died, but you still had children at home at this time? Veteran: Yeah, I had one kid, and she was just all of 3 years old. Interviewer: And who was she living with? �Veteran: Well, I left her with my mother. But when I was going overseas, I got a letter from my sister. She said she had her so… Interviewer: Okay. Alright, now did you—and did you write home very much, or did they write to you? Or did you just…go away? Veteran: They mostly wrote to me when they wanted something. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, so now you are over in Europe, you are building bridges. Now, when you started doing this, was it during the winter? Was it cold? Veteran: Yeah, I would say it was winter in England. Yeah, it was cold. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And then, did you move around a lot? Were you moving forward regularly? Or did you stay in one area for a long time? Veteran: I forget. We stayed in one little village until we get the work done. Then we move up. We always moved up. Interviewer: Okay. So, you keep moving forward and advancing. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright, and did they tell you much of anything about what was happening in the war, or did you just…? Veteran: Well, I said mainly—Me? Not me, I didn’t get any word. Interviewer: Okay, so your captain might have known something. Veteran: Yeah, yeah, they knew everything. Interviewer: Okay. �Veteran: The Sergeants the same but… Interviewer: Alright. Now, were you normally—did you sleep in tents or in houses or on the ground? (00:32:04) Veteran: On the ground. We had shelter halves. I had a half a shelter and the other half, and you put them together and you just… Interviewer: Make a little pup tent. Okay, alright. Veteran: Or sleep on the truck. Pretty much wherever you wanted to sleep, but you couldn’t sleep in no house. Interviewer: Okay, so you didn’t get to borrow somebody’s house to sleep there. Veteran: Oh, no. Interviewer: But some guys did. Veteran: Well, the captain, he might have but we didn’t. Interviewer: Okay, now while you were doing this work, did you ever get hit by enemy artillery or aircraft? Or ever see any of that? Veteran: Yeah. We were guarding an ammunition dump. Before we—when we first got into Germany, well they had the little black out light on the truck, and they told everybody don’t turn your light on, just use the little black out light. So, we traveled mostly at night, when we were going on up to the front. And one night, some guy turned his light on and the Germans dropped one, they said, this like personnel bomber. It hit close enough to the truck to turn the truck over on one side. �Interviewer: Okay, so maybe German artillery that shot at you or something? Veteran: Yeah, I said after we got into Germany, we was camping in the woods and on our side. Every night at 10 o’clock, there was a guy, I would come over…When you were talking about…you know what I mean? We know the different sounds of every different plane. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: We knew when it was an American plane, we knew when it was a German plane. One night, we got the truck stalled at…and a couple of them weren’t very nice so we called them Bed Check Charlie. If you got a line going, he would turn the machine gun on and shoot at us. So, every night, we’d be out, we’d hear the plane, so we’d say here come Bed Check Charlie. So, we turned out all the lights. So, one night we got a truck stalled, and we had a light on, trying to get the truck un-stalled, and he come over and turned his machine gun on the truck. (00:34:21) Interviewer: Did he hit the truck? Veteran: Well, didn’t, he shot at the truck but he didn’t—that, you know, he couldn’t keep it from running, he just shot. So, they finally…We was on one side of the woods, and he was…But we didn’t know that. But you know, every night at 12 o’clock, he’d come over. So, they finally called him, I guess to—the whole outfit went off and left him. And they said he run out of petrol. I guess he couldn’t run his plane no more and that got him mowed down. Interviewer: Alright, so eventually, that’s not a problem. Alright. Veteran: But he, every night, we had a little plane so we named him Bed Check Charlie. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, now you are, you’re kind of working your way—Now, do you remember crossing over the Rhine River into Germany? A really big river? �Veteran: Yeah, I said when we crossed over, there were a lot of boats that sunk, and they said a lot of soldiers were still inside. Interviewer: Well, I think that was the English Channel. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: But then, when you go into Germany, the Rhine River is a major river that’s inside Germany. And there were—that was an obstacle, a major obstacle when we crossed it in March of 1945. But, do you remember crossing any really big rivers after you were in Europe or not? Veteran: No, I don’t. Interviewer: Alright. Veteran: The English Channel was the biggest I’d known. Interviewer: And then, as you are getting into the springtime and the Allied armies are moving forward, you’re going to move forward, you’ll build more bridges. Did the scenery change at all? (00:36:00) Veteran: Yeah, I’d say. A lot of towns we went to…I remember in Stuttgart, Germany…And we were building bridges in Stuttgart, Germany. One place when we was in Germany, like we was in this little village and we had to go through another little village to build a bridge. It was evening when you’d come back. They said that a squad of German prisoners was hid in the building we went through, in the little village we went through. So, when they got back, on our way back, they called the infantry in. They wanted them to wipe out the squad of Germans. So, �we went through, I guess they was hid in the buildings. But when we come back, we had to wait for them to get through fighting before. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now when you went to Stuttgart, could you see damage from the bombing? Veteran: Oh yeah. It was pitiful. There were kids on the road, asking for something to eat. They was sleeping in them old buildings. It was pitiful. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: I’d see kids peeking around, begging for something to eat. So, we’d give them a lot of our rations. See, we had a C-ration. Interviewer: So that was mostly canned goods and dried things and, yeah. Veteran: Yeah, you had canned ration and C-ration. Sometimes, you’d get enough…So they gave us a box for your breakfast and your dinner and your supper. You carried it with you. But every night they would…As I said, a lot of the times, kids would be coming by, asking, what it means in Germany, for essence. So, a lot of time we, the soldiers just gave them something. Interviewer: Alright. Okay, now did you also go through villages that were still in good shape that hadn’t been bombed? Veteran: No. (00:38:02) Interviewer: Okay. So, you mostly saw areas that had been hit pretty hard. Veteran: Mhmm. Interviewer: Alright. And do you remember seeing any German prisoners of war? �Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, and what did they look like? Veteran: Just ordinary white folks. Interviewer: Okay, well did you notice if some of them were kind of older or younger? Or you didn’t— Veteran: Well, I’d say mostly younger. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: I’d say after the war, after Germany surrendered, they sent us to Nancy, France. And we stayed there about 10 to 15 days. Then they sent us to Le Havre, France. Then they gave us 100 German prisoners to put in a water line. Interviewer: So, you’re going back, you’re doing more engineering work now? Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: But you have German prisoners to work for you as laborers? Veteran: Mhmm. Interviewer: Alright. And what impression did you have of them? Veteran: Oh, just ordinary people to me. Interviewer: Okay. How did they behave? Veteran: They just did whatever you told them to do. Interviewer: Okay. �Veteran: There wasn’t nothing, they didn’t raise no sail or nothing. A lot of them were like us, I guess: glad it was over. Interviewer: Yeah. Alright, and then at that point, now do you see more of the French people now? Veteran: I said, when we were in Nancy, France. After we left Nancy, France…But to tell you the truth, I didn’t care for the French more than nobody else. Interviewer: Okay. But I meant were there a lot of civilians around now? Veteran: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Now, were the French doing any better than the Germans? Or, were they hungry too? Veteran: No, they had their own country I guess. They seemed to be doing… Interviewer: Okay? So, there was a difference there? Veteran: Yeah, they was a different race of people. See, over there, they call French African. In Nancy, France, they called French African. When they come to the states, they’re called Moroccan. I could never tell the difference. (00:40:05) Interviewer: Mhmm. Alright. Veteran: See, we had some in our outfit, called Moroccan in the States. When you get into France, they’re called French African. Interviewer: Well, the French had colonies in Africa, and so, including in North Africa, including Morocco. �Veteran: Yeah, well that was in Nancy, France. Interviewer: Right, but they just think of you like the people from their colonies. Veteran: I guess so. Interviewer: Or something like that. And so, it was a little different. Okay. Now then you said you got assigned Germans to help you work. And then, do you have a sense of how long you stayed in France? Veteran: Well now, I’d say I was there…Okay, when did the Japanese surrender? Interviewer: That’s in August of 1945. Veteran: Well, when the Japanese surrendered, we was a day from seeing the Pearl Harbor—I mean, from seeing the Statue of Liberty. We was on our way back to the states. Interviewer: Okay. So, they loaded you—they took you to Le Havre for a while, they put you on a boat. So now, summer of ’45, you’re on your way home. Okay, now what happens when you land in New York? Veteran: They sent us to Fort McPherson, Georgia. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: And we stayed there…They gave us a 30-day leave, and then they say they’d give you three months jungle training. They was supposed to go—that’s why we left, that was our assignment. But I say, the Japanese surrendered so we didn’t have to do that. Interviewer: Okay. �Veteran: We got a 30-day leave and we went back to the camp. Then they sent us down to…Where I got discharged…What’s the name of the camp? In Georgia… Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: With Fort Benning on one side… Interviewer: Okay, but it’s somewhere down in that area, but you are in Georgia and… (00:42:07) Veteran: Yeah. Alexandria, Louisiana. Fort Beauregard on one side of the town, and a camp on the other side of the town. Interviewer: Well at, Fort Benning, I think, is kind of close to the border between Georgia and Alabama. There’s a river in between. Anyway, okay. But, basically, you get discharged? Veteran: Huh? Interviewer: You get a leave home, and then you come back, and then you get a discharge? Veteran: Mhmm. Interviewer: Okay. So then, you probably are getting out of the Army in 1945. After the— Veteran: No, after that. I got out in 1946. Interviewer: Well, the war ends in August of ’45. And you were almost back to the states. And then, if you’re not spending a lot of time any place after that… Veteran: Well, I am sure they sent us to…We got back to the states, they sent us to Camp Shank, New York—No, they sent us to… �Interviewer: You went to Fort McPherson. Veteran: Yeah, in Georgia somewhere. And we stayed there. We got a 30-day leave. Interviewer: Right. Veteran: We were back to camp. We hung around camp. I don’t know exactly how long. Then they sent us down to Louisiana. Interviewer: Mhmm. And how long did you stay in Louisiana? Veteran: It was about the whole winter. Interviewer: Oh okay. That would take it to ’46. So that’s where it wraps up, okay. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Now, when you were in Louisiana, did you have any work to do? Or were you just sitting around? Veteran: Mhmm. After we come back from overseas, after you got back to camp, you just sit around. Interviewer: Okay, now when you had that 30-day leave, what did you do? Veteran: I went home to see my kids. Interviewer: Mhmm, alright. Veteran: That was my biggest thing. Most of my mind was on my kids, you know, I just. Interviewer: Right. And did she know who you were when you got home? Veteran: Oh yeah. (00:44:01) �Interviewer: Okay, good. Veteran: She knew who I was. Interviewer: Alright. So, after you got your discharge then, what did you do? Veteran: After I got my discharge, I went up—They didn’t pay me yet, see, when I got my discharge. They didn’t give me all my money. And then they asked me to stay around Alamo. They owed me $1040. They asked me to stay around Alamo. They sent me $100 a month. So I got that. And then they had this thing called the GI Bill. So I signed up to go to school on this GI Bill until I got all my money. Then I left to come to Benton Harbor, Michigan. Interviewer: Okay. So, when you say you went to school, were you finishing high school? Or getting a GED? Or? Veteran: No, agriculture school. Interviewer: Okay, agriculture. Okay so vocational school. Okay. Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Alright. And then, how did you wind up going to Benton Harbor? Veteran: I went there to gather fruit. But after I got there…After I got there, I got working on an asparagus farm, cutting asparagus. I didn’t like that job, so a couple of days and then I quit. There was a guy there…He mowed the lawn and he killed chickens for the rest of them. And he asked me would I like to work with him. 90 cents an hour and he gave me a place to stay. You know, to live in the house with him. He had a wife and two kids. And I told him I’d rather do that than cut asparagus, so I left with him. So, I went and lived with him and his wife. Every �other night, I’d stay home and keep his little girls, him and his wife would go to the show. Next night, I get the car and go where I want to go. (00:46:15) Interviewer: Okay. Did you have your daughter with you or was she still with your sister? Veteran: No. No, I didn’t. They wouldn’t let me have her. That’s the reason I didn’t stay around home because… Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: See, she was about 6 years old then. You know, she knowed me but you know…It had been three years and so. And I think two families can’t raise no kid. Like if she asked me to do something, I say yeah but they may say no, see. And I couldn’t hurt her like that so I just told them they just take her. Wherever I’m at, if she needs something, let me know. You know I wouldn’t doubt that they’d have tried to raise the dead for her. And so, I just left, come to Benton Harbor, Michigan. And then after I got there, then after I started staying with him, then I would work in flower yard for people. Then one lady asked about trimming trees and things for the flower yard, and so. I didn’t say anything. After we left, he called me to tea and said if we had done that job, we could have made money. And I told him well, I know how to trim trees. So, we went around, bought all pf the equipment. He bought all of the equipment. Then before long, we started trimming trees all summer. When the snow started falling, then I left and went to Benton Harbor, Mich—I went to Cleveland, Ohio. Interviewer: Okay. And what did you do in Cleveland? Veteran: I run an elevator, a freight elevator at a paper company. Interviewer: Okay. Now, did you eventually settle down into a job, a long-term job? �Veteran: Oh, well… Interviewer: Or did you just bounce around a lot? (00:48:08) Veteran: I just bounced because I worked there all winter. Spring come, my mama asked me to come back down. I had a baby brother. He got himself into debt or something, she…Well. I’ll say it like this: I am a little odd kid in the family, you know what that is. My mama, bless her soul, if she wanted something did, I am the fifth child. If she wants something did, she’ll call me. But when I get it done, she want me to move out. That’s the way I was raised. There was ten of us kids, but I was just the hardball in the crowd. Interviewer: Alright. Now, did you eventually get married again? Veteran: Oh yeah, I’d say about…I got married. I say, I went back home. I stayed there three years until I got him out of debt. Then I come to Chicago. Then I got married in Chicago. Interviewer: Mhmm. And what were you doing in Chicago? Veteran: I worked at the paper company. I worked there 18 years. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: Then I left that, come over here. And I worked at Ottawa Steel 18 years, before I retired. Interviewer: Alright. Well, when you look back at the time you spent in the Army, do you think you learned anything from that or if it did you any good later on? Veteran: Well, what do you mean by it? Interviewer: How do you think your time in the Army affected you? �Veteran: Well, I guess…I guess, I don’t know it affected me any kind of ways. Because I said most of my mind was in just getting back to my kids, you know, and whatever I had to do, I just did it you know. So, I don’t think it hurt me nowhere. It taught me to be more ornery or what. Most of the time, I look back and say… (00:50:34) Interviewer: Alright. So, you were the same man when you came out— Veteran: Yeah, it seems. Interviewer: --then you were when you went in? Veteran: You know, because I say mostly, I don’t know if you people can understand it or not but I say you go off leaving your 3-year old child, and she had never spent time with nobody but you and her mother. And you go off and leave her. You people don’t know how that hurt. So, my mind was just—I say when I first went with the Army, I did everything I could think of to get a dishonorable discharge, but after I found out they weren’t going to discharge me. I just did what I was supposed to do. Interviewer: Alright. Okay, did you learn anything about different kinds of work or equipment that helped you later? Or, did you already have all the skills you needed? Veteran: That’s what I was going to say, I didn’t do nothing in the Army I thought that. I mean, I didn’t do nothing in the Army. Interviewer: That’s right, you had the machine gun. Veteran: Except drive a truck. When I went to the Army, I didn’t know what a spark plug was. But they sent me to schools, teach you all about how to maintain a truck and everything. Interviewer: Alright. �Veteran: And the big gun, 155 mm. I didn’t know nothing about them. But I say, after I got out of the Army, then I, the only thing I worked in was on cars. I went to mechanic school, and after—Well, I finished mechanic school right there in Letit and Bold. You know they used to have it out there? I finished mechanic school out there. Interviewer: Mhmm. (00:52:18) Veteran: So, I worked part-time, working on cars. Also, I worked at Ottawa Steel, but as a hobby, I worked on cars too. Interviewer: Okay. Veteran: So, I went to welders school. In other words, everything that Uncle Sam paid me to go to school for, I did it. Interviewer: Okay. So, maybe that’s the one thing you got out of the Army? Veteran: Yeah. Interviewer: Uncle Sam paid for some school. Veteran: I finished barber school, agriculture school, I finished welding school, I finished mechanic school. Long as Uncle Sam paid me, I did it. Interviewer: Alright, sounds good. Veteran: But also, I worked. I said, I worked at Ottawa Steel out there on, you know where that used to be? Out there on…What used to be out there? You know where Ottawa Steel used to be? Interviewer: No, I don’t but… Veteran: Let me see… �Interviewer: Was it close to Grand Rapids, or…? Veteran: Yeah, right on the line. Interviewer: Alright, well. Veteran: I got to think of that street. It was right where the border of Comstock Park and Grand Rapids join. Interviewer: Okay, that would be out on near Alpine Avenue area. Veteran: Yeah! Interviewer: Okay, very good. Veteran: It used to be Ottawa Steel. Half the plant was in Grand Rapids, half the plant was in… Interviewer: Some part of Comstock Park, okay. (00:54:03) Veteran: I worked there 60 years before I retired. Interviewer: Alright. Well, it makes for a very good story, so thanks for taking the time to share it today. (00:54:13) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_HoltonW2098V Title A name given to the resource Holton, Will (Interview transcript and video), 2017 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-02 Description An account of the resource Will Holton was born in Crockett County, Tennessee, on January 19, 1919, and was likely drafted in either late 1942 or early 1943. After Basic Training and advanced training, Holton was then sent to Camp Barkeley, Texas, for trucker training, and was then sent to Louisiana for 155mm artillery training before winding up at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, with the 1010th Engineer Company. Holton was then assigned to the 2nd Platoon, A Company, 1697th Engineer Combat Battalion and was deployed to Europe, supporting the ground troops during the Battle of the Bulge in late 1944-45. He guarded the other engineers while they cleared mines, opened supply routes, and built temporary bridges, continuing this construction work in France after the war. Holton later returned home and was discharged in 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Holton, Will Thomas Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, RHC-27 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/205b7946587621ac8c6715f57d9ed7e9.pdf 89559e2bf4b2c6193e5774d69485d863 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_holtons-annual-pow-wow_ Title A name given to the resource Holton's 2nd Annual Pow-Wow, August ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-08 Description An account of the resource Holton's 2nd Annual Pow-Wow flyer, August 21-22, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Native American Church of the Morning Star Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9b1b06d567bb308ae88a36e5c1731a15.pdf f4d4c3b3527d907a676051cf97310ed7 PDF Text Text Holy Smoke: Ancient Forms; Fresh Expressions Text: Isaiah 6:3; Revelation 5:13 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan September 15, 1996 Transcription of the spoken sermon I remember it as though it were yesterday. I had occasion to visit overnight the city of Pittsburgh and, wandering down in the midst of the metropolitan area, there was a church and I rather naturally walked into the church. As I walked in, however, I had an experience for which I was not prepared. Something happened to me. I was overcome with the beauty of it all. I still remember the pillars that soared heavenward, melting into high, vaulted arches. I remember the stained glass window through which filtered the soft light of twilight, predominantly blue. I remember the altar, the candles. That was sacred space. And in that moment I was transfixed; I was transported out of myself; I had an aesthetic experience that mediated to me the Holy. The Holy Other. It was my first experience, even though I had been in the ministry some years by then – it was the first time that I had ever stood in awe, affected thus by space, sacred space. The experience changed me because I had grown up in a tradition that prided itself on having thrown off all of the trappings of the Roman Catholic tradition in the Reformation of the 16th century. I think the only thing the Dutch Calvinists didn't throw out was the organ. Thank God for that. The Heidelberg Catechism said God's people will be taught, not through images and pictures, but through the lively preaching of the Word. The architecture of the Reformation Church was symbolic; the pulpit was in the center on which lay the open Word of God, which was the means by which the congregation was to be nurtured. There was an almost total lack of sense of how beauty, architecture, well-crafted, and symbols, well-appointed, can be a means of communicating the Holy. Not a word was spoken on that evening in Pittsburgh, but it was a transforming moment for me. I learned something. And it caused me to reflect on my own experience. Some years ago in the city of Leiden in The Netherlands, I was wandering about and I went into a church. It was a Reformed Church, the Highland Church, a great big structure that towered over the town. It had been redone inside. It was stark and sterile. It was whitewashed. It was stone; it was simplicity itself, and there was a certain strength and power about it, but the best word I could use to describe it is sterile. I wandered on down the street to the Roman Catholic © Grand Valley State University �Holy Smoke Richard A. Rhem Page 2   Church and it was like entering a warm, embracing womb, and in that experience I understood the contrast between my tradition and the tradition that had been repudiated, and I recognized that the Reformation was a reaction, and reactionary movements always lose more than they gain. I had come to Pittsburgh from Midland Park, New Jersey. My apologies to those who are present from that congregation this morning, but let me say, in coming there, I found exactly what I had been used to in the Reformed tradition, only worse. There was this little church and then they needed more room, and so they knocked this wall out. Now the church was wider than it was long. But, if you knocked the wall out, how do you hold the ceiling up? Well, you plunk a couple of pillars right in the aisle. We called them Aaron and Hur, the two guys who held Moses' arms up in prayer while Israel fought the battle. There they were. Ugly, iron poles! And it was rather low-ceilinged. You'd walk into that church and there was absolutely not a chance in the world that you would ever say, "Ah!" No, if all depended on the preacher, there's no preacher that is equal to a task like that. I went to a seminar down at McCormick Seminary a few years ago, a Presbyterian school. The Lutheran theologian, a great, great scholar, Joseph Sittler, was lecturing on the Apostles' Creed, and as an aside, he said, "You know, you Presbyterians always come at it through the head, whereas the Catholic tradition comes at it intuitively, through pageantry, through color, through scent and sight." And it was like a light bulb went on for me and I recognized the possibility of combining the best of the Reformation tradition with that which had always characterized the Roman Catholic tradition, and characterizing the Roman Catholic tradition would be also characterizing the Temple of Israel where the space, the sacred space already preached, where the sacred space communicated a sense of the Holy, and that entering the space, one was immediately aware that one was in a place set apart where now and then, here and there, God would be met, as it were, face-to-face. Mine has been a long pilgrimage of having to come to understand that the experience in which we are now engaged is an experience which potentially offers us an encounter with God, an encounter with God which is an experience unspeakable. Now, you see the ridiculous nature of what I am presently engaged in. I am speaking about the unspeakable. I am trying to portray the ineffable. I am attempting through reasoned discourse to point to an experience that is beyond conceptual description. And what I am trying to do is to invite you to reflect on what we are really engaged in in these moments. I don't denigrate preaching, for I believe that it is important that there be a reflection on experience. I do not believe that the heart can long rest where the mind cannot follow, and if we have feeling periods, it can soon degenerate into sentimentality and maudlin mush. I am not denigrating the thinking dimension of faith. But, I want to say to you this morning that the very heart and center of a community of faith is an experience in which we open our lives to the touch of the © Grand Valley State University �Holy Smoke Richard A. Rhem Page 3   living God Who is not at our disposal, Whom we cannot manipulate, Whose touch we cannot command, but before Whom we open our lives in prayerful anticipation that there might be a transforming moment such as I experienced quite unexpectedly walking into a magnificent holy space. Such that might happen to you this morning through the phrase of a hymn or the sound of the organ or a line of an anthem or a paragraph of the prayer, or the moment of placing baptismal water on a beautiful child - that moment when there would be a catch in your throat and a tear in the eye. Last Tuesday there was a journalist here from The Chicago Tribune who wanted to cover our story, and I spent a couple of hours with him. He's an Orthodox Jew. He said to me, as all of us feel we must confess to priests and pastors and rabbis, "I'm not as observant as I ought to be." "But," he said, "when I go to synagogue, I go to the orthodox synagogue, because when I go..." (I mean, like he was saying, "If I am going to go, after all, I want something that will grab me.) And then he told me a bit of his own story, how he shares his life with a woman who is a pure rationalist, born of Communist parents, committed atheists; she herself is atheist, who believes anything beyond the parameters of human reason doesn't exist and isn't valid. He said, "Do you know what it's like to share your life with a pure rationalist?" I said, "No, not really. My wife cries easily." But, coming to Christ Community, he had read all of the news reports, and so he was expecting to meet in me someone similar to his wife, a kind of a rationalist, a reasoning sort, one heavy on thought and short on mystery. And I tried to say to him that's not who I am and that's not who Christ Community is. I said we are a passionate people with deep commitment, and we bow before the Mystery that is beyond us and we acknowledge the mystery of human suffering and that whole dimension of human experience, which is beyond our ability to reduce to a neat formula. We had a wonderful conversation for a couple of hours, and then I took him through the building and we ended here, in the sanctuary. I turned the chancel lights on; we walked through the doors and down the center aisle, and about in the middle of the center aisle, he stopped and said, "Oh! This is beautiful. This is a Christian Church!" And I said, "Yes, it is." I was so pleased that this sacred space, even without all of you beautiful people, but with its appointments, with its height, with those symbols that speak to us of long-treasured traditions, that it grabbed him and he could identify this place as a place where just possibly one might be grabbed. And that's really rather a good description of that which we pray happens to us as we come here without our being able to predict it or guarantee it, coming upon us unexpectedly, sometimes in the strangest ways. © Grand Valley State University �Holy Smoke Richard A. Rhem Page 4   Have you known it? That moment when suddenly there was that which washed over you and you were quite overwhelmed, when you, as it were, lost control, when you experienced vulnerability, recognizing the fragility of your existence, and then, because we have been nurtured in the grace of God and in that grace manifested in Jesus, we know that that Mystery into which we are caught up is a gracious, loving Mystery, and yet an awesome Mystery, full of majesty. It doesn't happen every Sunday. I know that. And for some, it may almost never happen. But, now and again, here and there, with this one or that one, there are those moments when we are taken out of ourselves and stretched beyond ourselves and experience ourselves being uplifted, transported. And an experience like that is enough. Just a moment like that will do quite well. An authentic moment like that, once in a while, will do for a lifetime. And we may return again and again and never be able to duplicate the experience. And yet, because we deal with the living God, we stand always in the potential of that inbreaking, or that emerging, or that overwhelming. It seems as though crises enable us more readily to be thus encountered. That's the way it was with Isaiah. "In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw the Lord high and lifted up, and the whole temple shook in its foundation." Can't you see it? The vivid imagery; the temple filled with smoke, the smoke of the incense? The altar, the priests in their robes, and suddenly that whole space was filled with the majesty of God, the One Who sits on the throne, Whose train filled the temple. "I saw the Lord, high and lifted up, and I heard the angels sing, 'Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty.'" And then, of course, that immediate response: "Woe is me, for I am undone. I am a man of unclean lips and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips." Ah, but in the vision, the angel takes tongs and a coal from off the altar and touches his lips and says, "Your guilt is removed." And then, as again is a very natural, normal kind of scenario, thus encountered, thus transformed, thus cleansed, the voice is heard, "Who will go for us? Whom shall we send?" The only authentication of a genuine experience of God is that which follows in the wake of it. The prophet says, "Here am I. Send me." The worship in heaven modeled after that worship in the temple, I'm sure. The writer John, in his vision, sees into the very heaven of heavens and he hears myriads and myriads and thousands and thousands of angels singing, "Worthy is © Grand Valley State University �Holy Smoke Richard A. Rhem Page 5   the Lamb, and Power and Glory and Wealth and Honor to the One Who sits on the throne and to the Lamb forever and ever." You see, the Bible is full of that imagery. It's imagery! It's the only way one can stammeringly give witness to the ineffable experience of being caught up and overwhelmed and over washed with the Holy One. The journalist from The Chicago Tribune had followed the mega-church phenomenon; he had been to Willow Creek outside of Chicago, probably the most successful church in the country with masses of people coming, fantastic programming reaching a broad spectrum of human need. Don't hear what I'm going to say in any sense as a critique of that or a criticism of that, but as he said to me and as I have read myself, when you come up to the campus, you wouldn't know but what you were coming to the corporate headquarters of IBM. No cross, no banners, no organ; none of the traditional trappings of the Christian tradition or the Jewish tradition because there is an intentional attempt to reach those for whom all of this has no connection. We're at a point of new beginnings at Christ Community. We're on the threshold of a wonderful, new experience. But, I want to say to you at this point of new beginnings, that we will not jettison the ancient forms. We'll always seek to bring them to fresh expression. We'll always attempt to have the voice be contemporary, but it will be the ancient tradition and the old symbols, because I am not sure that every medium and mode can carry the weight, the weight of the glory of God. I am not sure that all of the present experimentation in much of the Church is not a desperate flailing in an attempt to find a way to success when, finally, there are some postures, there are some modes, there are some media that lend themselves to creating the transcendent moment. And there are others that I suspect can only be called pure entertainment. On the threshold of new beginnings, I am committed to worship that is full of grandeur, that is alive with glory, that will lift us into the presence of the Holy One, for I do believe that, finally, in the depths of our soul, what we long for more than anything else, is just a moment in which we are held in the gracious embrace of the Eternal God, and we know that whatever other hell is breaking loose, nonetheless, all will be well. This place is committed to worship that ushers us into the Mystery and the Majesty of the Eternal God, and there is nothing more wonderful. © Grand Valley State University � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2e2b530d115da81c8c7d532b70898cec.mp3 1f1f547b13ee1fc34af98a6e4e3bb514 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XVI Scripture Text Isaiah 6:3, Revelation 5:13 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19960915 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-09-15 Title A name given to the resource Holy Smoke: Ancient Forms, Fresh Expression Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on September 15, 1996 entitled "Holy Smoke: Ancient Forms, Fresh Expression", on the occasion of Pentecost XVI, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Isaiah 6:3, Revelation 5:13. Divine Mystery Sacred Transcendence Worship https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/545c0501951cc6b6f6df174cb06612d4.jpg c0a81c1ed278fbce0f02759e8faed3f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I213-0014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-09-10 Title A name given to the resource Holy Trinity Church, Kingsway, London Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of an interior view of Holy Trinity Church located in Kingsway, London. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Kingsway (London, England) Churches--England--London London (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bc49888ac9de8fff6b63b970665cb715.jpg 1bd6cafa05d9ecb6cdb2613e72095978 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I213-0021 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-09-10 Title A name given to the resource Holy Trinity Church, Kingsway, London Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of an exterior view of Holy Trinity Church located in Kingsway, London. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Kingsway (London, England) Churches--England--London London (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bc96d45be517659fcfd1f16df1009521.mp3 40eaa7cbb4964a83e293640765ed2a93 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Advent IV Scripture Text Isaiah 54:1, Luke 1:35, 37 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19941218 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-12-18 Title A name given to the resource Home Is Not a Human Possibility Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on December 18, 1994 entitled "Home Is Not a Human Possibility", on the occasion of Advent IV, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Isaiah 54:1, Luke 1:35, 37. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e82e4d815cc356f18978d062804db322.jpg e1f1af5b590e89416294755fc5e0eef4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mathias J. Alten Collection Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Artists--Michigan Painters Photographs Description An account of the resource Digitized photographs, artworks, and diary transcript from the papers of West Michigan painter, Mathias J. Alten (1871-1938) represent one of the most important collections in the holdings of both the University Library's Special Collections and the University Art Gallery. Alten, a German native who came to Grand Rapids as a youth, is a celebrated American regionalist often referred to as the Dean of Michigan Painters. The photographs and papers document his family life and career and support the collection of Alten paintings owned by the University. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alten, M. (Mathias), 1871-1938 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/456">Mathias J. Alten papers (RHC-28)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-28 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1893 - 1929 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/456">Mathias J. Alten papers, RHC-28</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-28_MAlten_00014 Title A name given to the resource Home of painter Mathias Alten on the corner of Fuller and Hope in Grand Rapids, Michigan Description An account of the resource Home of painter Mathias Alten on the corner of Fuller and Hope St. in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives Subject The topic of the resource Alten, M. (Mathias), 1871-1938 Grand Rapids (Mich.) Artists--Michigan Painters Photographs Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cac45db1e2f8e791f0a2e4a230a32bbb.mp3 5a8ce85ca64ea1c1eccb25163b6f7d5e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Ash Wednesday Series The Experience of God Scripture Text Psalm 23:4,6 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19960221 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-02-21 Title A name given to the resource Home on the Far Side of the Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on February 21, 1996 entitled "Home on the Far Side of the Valley", as part of the series "The Experience of God", on the occasion of Ash Wednesday, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Psalm 23:4,6. https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ac7f6f61a9fe0218dc5b8d33a0ce1013.jpg 34cd8fd8d95e5700adc87ae084f2ac74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1990s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000849 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming King and Queen Description An account of the resource Homecoming King and Queen on October 12, 1991. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6c8576f117c012b1da3c5d4015d83b2a.pdf 436e7b98242a52b79161bf974e6920b7 PDF Text Text HOMECOMING OF THE THREE FIRES POW WOW AH-NAB-AWEN PARK - JUNE 15-16, 1985 -- Grand Rapids, Michigan �EL SOMBRERO -WELCOME- 527 BRIDGE, N.W. 10:30 A.M. - 3 A.M. MON. THRU SAT. SUN. 12 P.M. - 12 A .M. Home of the Burrito and Wet Burrito PASTOOR'S SHOP-RITE 215 MICHIGAN STREET, N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49503 Ph. 458·5915 The Chavez Family Phone 451-4290 &f1 LL Pf1 RI\ FLOR f1 L 8 VALLEY AVE., N. W . GRAND RAPIDS, Ml 49504 Lou Veenstra - owner HOFFMAN'S CONVENIENCE STORE 1034 Bridge, N.W. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504 Phone 451-8307 Gift Baskets Gift Boxes Imported Beer and Wine Liquor Lottery TELEPHONE 459-3409 P,o& & C:1.thn ...Lon9(;AJ The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee 1985, wishes to welcome everyone, to its seventh annual Pow Wow. This Pow Wow originated as an honoring of the original people of Michigan, the Ottawa, Chippewa, and the Potawatomi Nations. It is to these three Nations, the name Three Fires refers to. It has become an annual event, of the sharing of our culture, to both the Anishnawbe (Indian) and the non-Indian members of our community. We hope that you will gain a greater understanding and appreciation of our Native American culture, through participation today. The event will feature Nativ~ American culture through music, dance, arts .ind crafts and food. As Anishnawbe, we are proud to use this opportunity to display our rich heritage and culture. We hope that the community will see that Indian people are not extinct, but maintain as a part of today's society. It is along the banks of the Grand River, called by the Anishnawbe, Owashtanong, that in 1761, in the place where the rapids flow the fastest, that Chief Pontiac, assembled members from the three Nations of Michigan. We were later refered to as the Three Fires Confederacy. The existence of the Three Fires Confederacy assured territorial control and protection from other groups. It is along these banks of the Owashtanong that many Anishnawbe villages existed. Chief Qua-ke-zik (Noonday) had his village located just north of Bridge St. Chief Me-gis-o-nee-nee (Wampumman) had his village located near Fulton St. It was here where Treaty Councils took place. It is along this river where generations of Native people were born, lived, and died. And it is here today, where we honor the people of the Three Fires, and welcome them to share a part of their culture, with the many cultures that will be present today. Treat your eyes to the movements and regelia of our dancers, and let your ears and heart, listen to our heartbeat, the Drum, and allow yourself to become part of this grand celebration. Chi Megwetch Three Fires Pow Wow Committee �-AGENDA6:30 A.M. 11 :00 A.M. 2:00 P.M. Sunrise Ceremony Catholic Services (Father Haskell) Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation (Joe John) lntertribal Songs and Dance Veterans' Dance Tots Contest 5:00 P.M . Dinner Break 7:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation lntertribals Four Dance Contests Specials Dusk Retiring of the Flag Sunday, June 16, 1985 2:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation Intertriba Is Veterans' Dance Four Dance Contests Specials Awarding of Prizes Victory Dance Retiring of the Flag I PHOTOS BY GARTH BUTLER �IF YOU CANT CO TO MEXICO, WE'LL BRING MEXICO TO YOU. Ro6ie Canafe6 401 STOCKING, NW, GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN TELEPHONE n4-8822 .............../'-..--........"-"'-.,,._,__,_"-...............,.................. ~ CCJCI\IAll lt IJ~~I 1 Compliments of Frank Przybysz PHOENIX PRINTING (corner of Leonard and Fuller, N.E.) AND PUBLISHING CO. An Enterprise of Fine Quality 35 South Division Avenue Grand Rapids , Ml 49503 CHICKEN BASKET 616-459-7373 OLE FASHION COUNTRY FLAVOR - AIN'T NONE BETTER Jusr a few of rhe rhings we do. 1200 W. Fulton 451-8837 (One block east of John Ball Park Zoo) Open Everyday 11-9 p.m. Fri.-Sat. 11-10 p.m. Drive Thru Available CHICKEN - FISH - SHRIMP WEST MICHIGAN'S #l CHOICE CHICKEN ii~ Zoo II I Fulton N I j x, G) Ill :::l. <ii" 0:: Envelopes Cusrom Wedding lnvirorions Lerrerheods and Accessories Producr Orochures Marches Fliers Ourrons Labels Menus Snap-A-Parr Forms Door 1-(,nob Hangers Newslerrers Conrinuous Forms Neri- Forms Conrinuous Lerrerheods Ousiness Cords and Envelopes Posrers One ro Four Color Priming rsecord Sleeves & Labels Complere Oindery Services Cosserre Labels Logo Design Coosrers Typeserring If you don'r see ir! Jusr give us a coll, Chances ore we've done ir all. �lf~_t··:~~·:1~_ ~} ' -:.t •:a:. ~{; HEAD PERSONEL ,..,, ..··1 i 1 f. • ,._ ' i1IX ~· '?,../ ~, .,, , : .. ~ ' . k , ·..: ~ M.C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _John Bailey Head Dancers .. ...... . ... .. . George and Syd Martin Host Drum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smokeytown Singers Head Singer ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miran Pyawasit Neopit, Wisconsin Areana Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ike Peters ' ) Veteran Dancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frank Bush Head Judge ............ . . . .... . Henry "Tic" Bush 1 MULDER'S FAMILY RESTAURANT J 1040 Leonard, N.W. 3874 Plainfield, N.E. Breakfast All Day Open 6:00 a.m. - 9:00 p.m. Sun. thru Thurs. 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. Fri. and Sat. Head Dancers George and Syd Martin PHOTOS BY GARTH BUTLER �I -THANK YOU The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee wishes to thank the following donors for making this event possible. Megwetch Amway Corporation Auto Die City of Grand Rapids Chinatown Restaurant Coca Cola Bottling Robert and Ann Cooper Copper and Brass Inc. Deli Restaurant Dy Dee Service Dyer Ives Foundation Fulton Drugs Grand Rapids Foundation Grand Rapids Press Grand Rapids Singers Paul and Helen Hoffman Lear Siegler Maghiesel Tool and Die Co ., Inc. Mazda-Great Lakes North Kent Community Ed. Rapistan Co. The Sabastian Foundation Schnitzelbank Restaurant, Inc. Steelcase Foundation Union Bank The Universal Companies W.B.D.C. Inc. The Wege Foundation White and White Pharmacy Wolverine Co. PHOTOS BY GARTH BUTLER ~ NEW OWNER Tom Veneklase Johnny's Sport Shop, Inc. 736 Bridge St. N.W. Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 (616) 458-0922 Available In Essence Of: MINNOW - LEECH - CRAWFI SH CRICKET - SALMON EGG SHRIMP - NIGHT CRAWLER OPEN EARLY 7 DAYS Complete Outfitters tor Big Lake and Inland Fishing Fishing Licen1e1 · Li ve Bait· Co mplete Selectio n of Tac kle Rod & Reel Repair • Wh izk Jig Head s• Wh izk Fl oating Head s • Wh izk'n Hooks • Whizker Wo rm Wei gh ts ee-ri<~'- ~WHU~ ii t.~ ~~~~~ ~1 :.1:,11:1:J l:l• 1 IUlllf ~ w ~· -0 �-THANK YOUWe wish to thank the following people for the countless number of hours they volunteered in helping make this event a success. Megwetch The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee Evelyn Biggs John Basin Frank Bush Lois Bush Tic Bush Evelyn Castaneda Fred Chivis Fred Chivis Jr. Mary Church Isabel Compos Lynne Feaster Kotney Floyd Crystal Fox Jackie Fox Suzanne Fox Debra Gibbs Elizabeth Gibbs June Gorman Wally Hall John Hart Helen Hillman Joe John Patrick Kasequat Kim Lewis George Martin Syd Martin Merri Medawis Bill Memberto Phil Memberto Phillis Memberto Joseph Shomin Robin Menefee Gene Peters Ike Peters Mary Peters Ted Peters Raymond Robinson Bobbie Rosencrans Charles Shananaquet Dave Shananaquet Karly Shananaquet Larry Shananaquet Paul Shananaquet Punkin Shananaquet Genevieve Shirley Liz Shirley Sabrina Shirley Gary Shomin Janet Shomin Josh Shomin Leroy Shomin Melissa Shomin Jeanette St. Clair Kyle St. Clair Liz St. Clair Percy St. Clair Windy White Roger Williams David R. Wonegeshik Sr. Patsy Wonegeshik Angeline Yob Juan Martell PHOTOS BY GARTH BUTLER �WEST SIDE TRADING POST 913 Bridge, N.W. Phone 454-2303 Services: * Dry Cleaning and Shirt Laundry * Post Office Sub-station 648 Bridge St., N.W. * Groceries, Beer, Wine and more. Pal Joeys • ® METROPOLITAN DEVELOPERS, INC. 168 l.oui.r Campau Promenade Grand Rapid.r. Michigan Home Builders and Remodelers 454-3141 931 Bridge St., N.W. Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 343 MICHIGAN N. E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1985-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow program, June 1985 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow program, Ah-Nab-Awen Park, Grand Rapids, MI June 15-16, 1985 collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Three Fires Pow-wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f9805f0362daf4e73ef3b19b2e877610.pdf 65a4b3d73e0b74660c893e158fa72041 PDF Text Text GRAND RAPIDS l 1981 �INTRODUCTION . THE GOALS OF THE THREE FIRES FESTIVITIES ARE TO PRESERVE AND ADVANCE MICHIGAN INDIAN CULTURE, BY THE COMING TOGETHER OF MANY INDIAN TRIBES TO HONOR INDIAN ART, AND TO AQUAINT OUR NON-INDIAN FRIENDS, AND NEIGHBORS WITH THE RIC~ HERITAGE OF AMERICAN INDIAN ARTISTS, ARTISANS, AND DANCE SPECIALISTS, THE TWO DAY EVENT WILL STRESS THIS CULTURE AND HERITAGE THROUGH SONG, DANCE, ART, CRAFTS, AND A SERIES OF SHORT NARRATED CEREMONIES DEPICTING THE LIFESTYLES OF MICHIGAN INDIANS BEFORE, OR AT THE TIME OF, THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS TO THE GREAT LAKES AREA, 1. �PERTAINING TO ART CONTEST MASTER OF CEREMONIES: JOHN BAILEY HOST DRUM: oMI-GI-ZI SINGERS LEAD SINGER: WINDY WHITE LEAD DANCER - f1EN 'S: -DENNIS SHANANAQUETLEAD DANCER WOMEN'S: -PUNKIN MARTIN- 2, PAUL COLLINS, INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN ARTIST, IS HELPING TO ORGANIZE AND COORDINATE THE ART CONTEST, THE ART CONTEST HAS TEN CATEGORIES, AND THEY ARE: BEADWORK, LEATHER WORK, WOODWORK, QUILLWORK, METAL WORK, BASKETS, QUILTS, AND OF COURSE PAINTINGS AND DRAWINGS BY AMERICAN INDIANS, THIS VERY RICH HERITAGE OF AMERICAN INDIPNS CAN Ef SEEN IN THEIR ARTISTIC CREATIONS, MANY CONTEMPORY ARTISTS CARES AND ~ONCERNS ARE SHOWN IN THEIR DRAWINGS, SOME METHODS OF CONSTRUTION ARE DATED BACK TO THE TIME BEFORE THE NON-INDIAN PEOPLE APPEARED ON THIS CONTINENT, 3, �POW HOW PROGRAM POW vmw PROGRAM -SATURDAY AFTERNOON- ~: ~: ~: ~: 10. 3, GRAND ENTRY: FLAG SONG: INVOCATION: INTERTRIBALS: INTRODUCE: SPECIALTY DANCING ROUND DANCING RABBIT DANCING INTERTRIBALS RETIRE FLAG: -SUNDAY AFTERNOON- EVERYONE RISE 2:00 PM EVERYONE RISE EVERYONE RISE EACH DRUM SINGERS, HEAD DANCERS 2:3. 4. 5. 6. l: 9 EVERYONE RISE lt 13. +~: i6. -SATURDAY EVENING1, 2. 3. 4, 5, ~: 8. !¢. i2: 13. 14. 15. 16. GRAND ENTRY: FLAG SONG: INVOCATION: INTRODUCE: INTERTRIBALS: ART CONTEST CONTEST: SPECIALTY DANCING CONTEST: CONTEST: INTERTRIBALS CONTEST: CONTEST: REQUESTS HONOR SONGS RETIRE FLAG L7, EVERYONE RISE 7:00 PM EVERYONE RISE EVERYONE RISE SINGERS, HEAD DANCERS EACH DRUM TINY TOTS 18. 19, 20. EVERYONE RISE 1:00 PM GRAND ENTRY: EVERYONE RISE FLAG SONG: EVERYONE RISE INVOCATION: SINGERS, HEAD DANCERS INTRODUCE: EACH DRUM INTERTRIBALS BABY CONTEST SPECIALTY DANCING VETERANS SONG INTERTRIBALS WOMAN;S TRADITIONAL CONTEST: ONE INTERTRIBAL WOMAN'S FANCY CONTEST: ONE INTERTRIBAL MEN'S TRADITIONAL CONTEST: ONE INTERTRIBAL MEN'S FANCY CONTEST: RETIRE FLAG REQUESTS ANNOUNCE A6l WINNERS, ALL COMMITTEES, ALL GUESTS HONOR SONG: FOR ALL 0-5 BOYS 6-12 GIRLS 6-12 JR, BOYS 13-17 GIRLS 13-17 EVERYONE RISE EVERYONE RISE i 4. , I 5. I, ! I �FANCY DANCE: MEN &WOMEN TRADITIONAL MEN &WOMEN FANCY DANCING IS MORE OF A COMPETITIVE DANCE OF SPEED AND COORDINATION IN FOOT WORK AND BODY MOVEMENT, TRADITIONAL DANCING IS THE ORIGINAL STYLE OF NATIVE AMERICAN DANCING AND CONSIDERED HIGHLY RESPECTED BY ALL NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLE, THEY ARE JUDGED ON THEIR TRADITIONAL OUTFITS, ALSO A FANCY DANCER MUST KEEP TIME WITH THE DRUM, START WHEN IT DOES AND STOP WHEN IT DOES, THEY ARE JUDGED BY STYLE, CARRIAGE AND OUTFIT, THE FEATHERS, BELLS, AND BEADS ARE ALL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STYLE THEY CHOOSE, ~•~-~r -- . ·- i I' li ~~. "J,,'Jfffl!JtW '/ ' _'"):/;/ 6, / . ' 7. �FRIENDS OF THE POW WOW CO-SPONSORS GRAND RAPIDS PARKS DEPARTMENT GRAND RAPIDS INTERTRIBAL COUNCIL PETER C, AND EMA JEAN COOK CHARITABLE TRUST RAPID STANDARD FOUNDATION P,M, WEGE ME I JER, I NC SCHNIZELBANK RESTAURANT LEAR SIEGLER KEELER BRASS COMPANY MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK CEN TRAL THE UNIVERSAL COMPAN IES PAUL COL~I NS EBERHARD S LEONARD AND JUNE WESTDALE MI GI 21 SINGE RS BISSELL, INCORPORATED EMPLOYEES CHARITY ALLOYTELE, INC, SPARTAN STORES UNION BANK HYLAND GR~TA BERKOWITZ FOUNDATION STEKETTEE S CLARK9 FOOD STORE DOUMA S ART SUPPLY CARL FORSHUND WESTSIDE MARKET LITJLE MEXICO CAFE DONS TATOO SHOP FOOD AND BEVERAGE CENTER B & L LIQ90RS MIDDLETON S DRUGS OLD WORLD GALLERY CHIC'S PAINT &WALLPAPER MITI-MINI MART WEST COMES EAST PAT CARLTON DELIGHT BAKERY KEEBLER TOM FOX kOGER'S MERCHANDISE & SHOES MC SPORTI~G GOODS MC DONALDS RESTAURANTS I - 0 I; l \/ /_ .,·-\ ·\ t\. -~ .~)iJ// t ~:,_.·'""'·· ij. i·.."·\;.' . ._·.-,_· :\ti\,.-.~.-)v\ lJ - I 1 ;. I1/',, ,, [ / l L~ l / ' , ,•;, ' j.·- 1,~; ;· ·. :,· ~1. , if!:''·· . t<idt\i' ,· -. \. . ~: i ' ', . . ·--; -: ...., . i_l ' •/ - a ,. if ' l • . ' • -r... ·1Y>- ·, - f' l ' I j J • : " ,- , :'fuJ_, . .. . . '!,'-,_ ; - I, '10 • ·', -~~t_'tv·,,-1·' ·.r ~'-'" ·-- -. , -·· · /,._,._."_ . \_\ '· "\ \ ,"" . ~./"x.tb ·"-.'... . - '·, .... ~ "-', A\ \ ""' ~1,1:~ L; wcuz " , l~ '_,,1,"f' .,' ;;; \<[ ~; ;~· - ..,,~~~.i' ,. · " ,\ -~ t.~~ (1 . - 'll\ '\·-.'f"'''F-.. ;;.,,,,._ -.;;f, , :. .-Ir- 11• !:·\· ,iA-"!::v -,:.'. ' R!'~.. ----- I' • \ ' .cwt; l\ J/!:.' ,, i• .,f' ".';.~ - '.jf~' ,;-.,/::::,":.,:':,'.?/ '~.~;· •..;.~ /. , /~,:s l{/ ~~ • .... /, r(; \ ' , •' . ')~- ' - -~ ll.ir'i' /,] ' 't I / /. ·_.-. ·''. ; ~' ' "*d/ .- 1' L· / 8. s~~vTEt PUBLIC WOOD BROADCASTING 1 k,~!.\. -"t,...,, ,,i ·"· ' ,', "\~~V\{} t\~lil!IS • ' ., . .,·. "'i.-d}iK\!1 _ ' THANKS ~\J,,t· /. J, . \, J<1' ,l,J,A, ' \ ' :. . ·, -· -··-·l!l'l, -""~ ' ., ',•'·, · ,,1. ' ' WLAV WTWN WGRD WJFM WZZM TV 13 WUHQ TV 41 THE GRAND RAPIDS PRESS THE ADVANCE NEWSPAPER __;.- 9, ii '\ �ID~e @,c~nit 5elbank RESTAURANT & COCKTAIL LOUNGE 4.59-9527 Hefner's Art Gallery 1440 Wealthy, S.E. (West of Lake Drive) Grand Rapids, Mi. 49506 Telephone: (616) 458-1715 RANCH REALTY 2739 Breton Road, S.E. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506 Business (616) 942-8900 Residence (616) 458-3687 JIM WHITE Each Office is Independently Owned and Operated � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1981 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1981 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow program, Grand Rapids, MI 1981 collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Three Fires Pow-wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3802f09968d65ee12ea7158ef620aa0d.pdf d9a5fe1393f196567606db2065b6afcf PDF Text Text HOMECOMING OF THE THREE FIRES POW WOW AH-NAB-AWEN PARK - JUNE 14-15, 1986 Grand Rapids, Michigan �&ALL PA RI< FLORAL 8 VALLEY AVE ., N. W . GRAND RAPIDS, Ml 49504 HOFFMAN'S CON VEN IENCE STORE 1034 Bridge, N.W. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504 Phone 451-8307 Gift Baskets Gift Boxes Imported Beer and Wine Liquor TELEPHONE 459-3409 Lottery :Bo& & Ej,th.£~ ..Long{ufd WEST SIDE TRADING POST 913 Bridge, N.W. Phone 454-2303 *Dry Cleaning and Shirt Laundry PHOENIX PRINTING *Post Office Sub-station AND PUBLISHING CO. *Groceries, Beer, Wine and more. An Enterprise of Fine Quality Services: 35 South Division Avenu e Grand Rapids , Ml 49503 616-459-7373 -WELCOMEThe Three Fires Pow Wow Committee 1986 Wishes to welcome everyone to its eighth annual Pow Wow. This Pow Wow originated as a honoring of the original people of Michigan, the Ottawa, Chippewa, and the Potawatomi Nations. It is to these three Nations, the name Three Fires refers to. Our Pow Wow is titled HOMECOMING OF THE THREE FIRES. Many of our people return home for this weekend event. They travel from as far west as California, and as far south as Florida to meet with their friends and relatives. The members of our committee are proud to be able to host this HOMECOMING. The Pow Wow has become an annual event of the sharing of our culture, to both the Anishnawbe (Indian) and the non-Indian members of our community. We hope that you will gain a greater understanding and appreciation of our Native American culture through participation today. The event will feature Native American culture through music, dance, arts and crafts and food. As Anishnawbe, we are proud to use this opportunity to display our rich heritage and culture. We hope that the community will see that Indian people are not extinct, but maintain as part of today's society. It is along the banks of the Grand River, called by the Anishnawbe, Owashtanong, that in 1761, in the place where the rapids flow the fastest, that Chief Pontiac assembled members from the Nations of Michigan. We were later referred to as the Three Fires Confederacy. The existence of the Three Fires Confederacy assured territorial control and protection from other groups. It is along these banks of the Owashtanong that many Anishnawbe villages existed. Chief Na-Oua-Ke-Zik (Noonday) had his village located just north of Bridge St. Chief Me-Gis-0-Nee-Nee (Wampum-man) had his village located near Fulton St. It was here where Treaty Councils took place. It is along this river where generations of Native people were born, lived, and died. And it is here today, where we honor the people of the Three Fires, and welcome them to share a part of their culture, with the many cultures that will be present today. Treat your eyes to the movements and regalia of our dancers, and let your ears and heart listen to our heartbeat, the Drum, and allow yourself to become part of this grand celebration. Chi Megwetch Ron Yob Three Fires Pow Wow Committee Chairperson �-AGENDA - Saturday, June 14, 1986 2:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation (Joe John) lntertribal Songs and Dance Veterans' Dance Tots Contest 5:00 P.M. Dinner Break 7:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation lntertribals Four Dance Contests Specials Dusk Retiring of the Flag Sunday, June 15, 1986 2:00 P.M. Grand Entry Flag Song Invocation lntertribals Veterans' Dance Four Dance Contests Specials Awarding of Prizes Victory Dance Retiring of the Flag �t~ GRAND RAPIDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS Native American Education Program Gran<l Rapids, Michigan 49504 615 Turner N.W. Room 241 Phone (616) 456-4226 Indian Hills Trflding Com/)flny & lndifln Art Gflllery INDIAN HILLS RESERVATION PETOSKEY, MICH . 49n0 - HEAD PERSONNEL M.C. . .. . . ... ...... . ..... .. . . ... .. ..... John Bailey Head Dancers ....... . ...... ... .. ..... Mike Oashner Ojibwa Dorothy Goeman Ojibwa/Mohawk Host Drum .. ....... . ..... . ...... . . . .... . All Nations Areana Director . ..... . ............. .... .. Ike Peters Veteran Dancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jerry Pigeon VICTOR S. KISHIGO INDIAN OWNED & OPERATED AUTHENTIC HANDMADE INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS (616) 347-3789 MIKE & /SABEL NAVARRO 653 Stocking N. W. Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 ~~ •CORN & FLOOR TORTILLAS •NACHO CHIPS •TAMALES MULDER'S FAMILY RESTAURANT Open for Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner 7 Days a Week Breakfast ALL DAY IJ!iJ!lli/~~ Banquet & Catering Available - 363-9071 1040 Leonard N.W. 3874 Plainfield N.E. 401-28th St. S.E. �THANK YOU! The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee wishes to thank the following donors for making this event possible. Chi Megwetch I TILLIE'S MARKET 1702 Monroe N.W. (2-blocks South of Ann Street) - Liquor - Cold Beer & Wine - Pop& Ice - Sandwiches - Complete Grocery OPEN 7 DAYS-A-WEEK 9 A.M. - 11 P.M. ] Amway Corporation Brace Twine & Supply Co. Brenners Do It Yourself The Burlap Bag City of Grand Rapids Ann and Robert Cooper Dept. of Natural Resources Murray N. Hess Paul Hoffman Lear Siegler, Inc. Great Lakes Mazda Michigan National Guard Phoenix Printing Rospatch Corporation Sebastian Foundation Steelcase, Inc. Wege Foundation �-THANKYOUWe wish to thank the following people for the countless number of hours they volunteered in helping to make this event a success. Chi Megwetch The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee $ 1c · --~ ~~,- - WH17Kf4:, . NEW OWNER - Tom Veneklase Johnny's Sport Shop, Inc. Anll1ble In E11enc• Of: MINNOW - LEECH - CRAWFISH CRICKET - SALMON EGG SHRIMP - NIGHT CRAWLER 736 Bridge St. N.W . Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 (616) 458·0922 OPEN EARLY 7 DAYS Complete Outfitter• for Big lake and Inland Flahlng Flahlng Llc1n1H · Live Bait . Complete Selection of Tackle Rod & Reel Repair • Wh 1zk Jig Heads• Wh1zk Fl oating Heads• Wht zk'n Hooks• Whizker Worm Weights ~ WHU~ ~ II~ e:. L ~~~~ ~~ ~''1')1:1·~1,1, _.,,, • WH~ . Evelyn Bailey Leroy Bailey Charlie Belty Evelyn Biggs Robert Biggs John Basin Alvin Cash Fred Chivis, Jr. Mary Church Lin DeYoung Pat DiPiazza Erika Doorn Roger Dressler Emily Daley Carol Dutmers Lori Duverneay Margaret Dunn Lynne Feaster Colleen Floyd Nebin Floyd Maury Francis Ross Francis Shirley Francis Simon Francis Betty Gibbs Cheri Gibbs Debra A. Gibbs Kathy Hart Barbra Hawke Helen Hillman Kerry Hillman David Hinman Bill Jewel Joe John Todd Johnson Pat Kosequat Heather Kritcher Robert Kritcher Tammy Leaureaux Carolee Lewis Michael Lewis Joanne Maldonado George Martin Sid Martin Robin Menefee Jodi Palmer Anthony Parcher Carrie Ann Parcher Gene Peters Ike Peters Ted Peters Barb Seifried Ed Seifried Becky Shalifoe Gary Shomin Janet Shomin George Snider Debra Snyder Jeanette St. Clair Liz St. Clair Percy St. Clair George Stevens, Jr. Mary Tavolacci Don Weiss Angie Yob Jennifer Roloff Yob Ron Yob �WESTSIDE BEER DISTRIBUTING Since 1933 530 Ball Ave., N.E. Grand Rapids, Ml 49503 (616) 459-1151 Bud-weiser. �WELCOME TO ANISHNAWBE VILLAGE ATTHE THREE FIRES FESTIVAL Here on the banks of Owashtanong (Grand River) dwelt until 150 years ago the Anishnawbe people, members of the Three Fires, a loose confederation of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi. On these banks the Anishnawbe built their summer dwellings - wigwams - of saplings, cattail reeds, and bark. They did so in order to take advantage of the excellent supply of foodstuffs in the area, particularly the fish that abounded in the rapids. Late in the spring, after closing up operations at their maple sugar bush to the east, the people returned year after year to set up their summer village and to plant corn, beans, and squash. Here they rebuilt or mended canoes, food-drying racks, snares, nets, and so on. They prepared for cold weather by cutting and sewing skins for clothing, and by making baskets and storage containers for caching food. The nearby forests, meadows and swamps were harvested for nuts, berries, herbs, and plants for medicines. In the morning, across the wide peaceful valley came the sounds of black ash being felled and its timber being pounded; the resulting splints formed the basis for the production of basketry. Outside the wigwams, when daily tasks were done, the women gathered to chat as they worked on baskets or other handicrafts. Little children played as they do everywhere and from time immemorial - happily and carefree with toys made by doting grandfathers. Nearby in the shade babies were rocked gently in their blanket swings by adoring grandmothers. Midday found growing boys with their dads, proud to be old enough to learn men's skills that would someday make them full, productive members of the tribe. Girls joined their mothers in the activities that would one day too make their contributions of value equal to those of their male counterparts. Evening found activities special to the close of the day. Young people in love drifted off to talk and dream privately of their future life together. Newly expectant parents hoped and planned for the one-not-yet-born. With smaller children tucked into bedding, parents enjoyed games and conversation with friends. And when total darkness prevented other activity, they gathered around their fires to hear elders recount anew the oral history, folklore, and exploits of tribal heroes. Retold too were the legends of Gitchi-Manitou, the Great Spirit, and of his interactions with the Anishnawbe. Down through the centuries they developed a lively faith in his providence and protection. With the dawn came a feeling of awe and oneness with the vast realm of living things around them. A deep faith in the Great Spirit manifested itself in a love for Mother Earth and in a careful husbandry of her gifts. The Anishnawbe knew that life was good, peaceful, and downright possible only if everyone cooperated. No matter how skilled or talented one person - or one family - was, it was unthinkable to presume that one could survive alone. Our reconstructed village you see here this weekend during the Three Fires Annual Festival is an attempt - amateur though it may be - to pay tribute to our Anishnawbe ancestors who lived, loved, worked, and died long ago on the banks of Owashtanong. You will find striking differences to be sure; gone are the mighty birches that furnished bark roof coverings. We have had to substitute manmade materials instead. But that itself attests to the ability of Indians to adapt and change with the times. For, contrary to what many non-Indians think, Indians have changed and have adapted their life-style down through the ages, whenever circumstances necessitated change. Thanks to the Department of Natural Resources and other generous donors, the remainder of the materials used in construction are natural ones. With these we have attempted to revive here this weekend the skills and techniques used by native peoples of the Old Northwest Woodlands for hundreds of years. This project has been a labor of love, the contribution of many, many volunteers. Indian and non-Indian alike worked side by side in a mosquito-infested swamp to harvest the truck loads of cattail reeds needed. Another group struggled together to cut one hundred saplings 12 to 14 feet tall, strip them of foliage, and transport them to storage in water - where they would stay supple until needed. And finally, a third group of volunteers worked tirelessly the night before the festival to put up the entire full-scale village; no easy task using only twine - no nails, staples, or wire were allowed! The volunteers cannot be thanked enough. Without each one's generous gift of time and talent; without their cooperative effort, the Anishnawbe Village could not have returned. As you walk through the village, allow yourself the luxury of drifting back in time. Imagine that you are among the Anishnawbe of yesterday. They - and we welcome you! Shirley Francis Village Site Coordinator �~~~~,~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow_1986-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1986 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, Ah-Nab-Awen Park, Grand Rapids, MI June 14-15, 1986 collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Three Fires Pow-wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/482df86d087b048eb8dffcbb4347eefa.pdf 877f183c71bc98a139096a4bce414e73 PDF Text Text :::c 0 3: m 0 0 -z 3: )> :c C) I z )> m I )> .,, 0 ~ -I m z :::c ::I C) a. :ti D> -a )> m ~ -I ~ :::c s: c.. :D ~ i m "C 3: g, 0 I ! m ..... cc w "' m .,, - :D ..... (0 m "' 0) ...._. en .,, 0 :e :e0 :e �WELCOME Indian Hills The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee 1987 wishes to welcome everyone to its eighth annual Pow Wow. This Pow Wow originated as a honoring of the original people of Michigan, the Ottawa, Chippewa, and the Potawatomi Nations. It is to these three Nations, the name Three Fires refers to. Our Pow Wow is titled HOMECOMING OF TIIE 1HREE FIRES. Many of our people return home for this weekend event. They travel from as far west as California, and as far south as Florida to meet with their friends and relatives. The members of our committee are proud to be able to host this HOMECOMING. Trt/dinJ Compt/ny & lndit/n Art Gt/1/ery The Pow Wow has become an annual event of the sharing of our culture, to both the Anishnawbe (Indian) and the non-Indian members of our community. We hope that you will gain a greater understanding and appreciation of our Native American culture through participation The event will feature Native today. American culture through music, dance, arts and crafts and food. As Anishnawbe, we are proud to use this opportunity to display our rich heritage and culture. We hope that the community will see that Indian people are not extinct, but maintain as part of today's society. INDIAN HILLS RESERVATION PETOSKEY, MICH. 49nQ VICTOR S. KISHIGO INDIAN OWNED & OPERATED AUTHENTIC HANDMADE INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS (616) 347-3789 July 3-5, 1987 Sault Ste Marie Pow Wow July 7, 1987 Traverse City Pow Wow; Sesquicentennial Native American Village July 16-18, 1987 Stone Lake, WI; Lac Courte Oreilles "Honor the Earth" Pow Wow July 17-19, 1987 Walpole Island, Ontario; Walpole Island Pow Wow July 18-21, 1987 Tipton, IN; 7thNationalPowWow July 23-26, 1987 Baraga, MI; 9th Annual Keweenaw Bay Traditional &: Spiritual Conference Pow Wow at Ojibway Camp July 27, 1987 Traverse City, Ml; Michigan Commission on Indian Affairs meeting July 31-Aug. 3, 1987Manintoulin Island, Ontario; 27th Annual Wikwemikong Indian Days Pow Wow I I 11 12 13 14 5 16 17 18 19 110 Ill 12 113 114 115 116 117 118 19 120 121 122 123 124 125 26 127 128 129 130 I31 It is along the banks of the Grand River, called by the Anishnawbe, Owashtanong, that in 1761, in the place where the rapids flow the fastest, that Chief Pontiac assembled members from the Nations of Michigan. We were later referred to as the Three Fires Confed& racy. The existence of the Three Fires Confederacy assured territorial control and protection from other groups. It is along these banks of the Owashtanong that many Anishnawbe villages existed. Chief Na-Qua-K&Zik (Noonday) had his village located just north of Bridge St Chief M&Gis-0-Nee-Nee [Wampum-man) had his village located near Fulton St. It was here where Treaty Councils took place. It is along this river where generations of Native people were born, lived, and died. And it is here today, where we honor the people of the Three Fires, and welcome them to share a part of their culture, with the many cultures that will be present today. Treat your eyes to the movements and regalia of our dancers, and let your ears and heart listen to our heartbeat, the Drum, and allow yourself to become part of this grand celebration. Chi Megwetch Ron Yob Three Fires Pow Wow Committee Chairperson �_A~~ : 616-45:~~i; I R \S~ ~ • - ·-; ·~ I ~L..,,'" ,._ The T~~!r~~o:~o~!Committee wishes to thank the following donors for making this event possible . Chi Megwetch /\rt tJ,t::;;J~~ 11\AJJN Vb;\!/\!/11\\ CORN & FLCXJR TOR77UAS NACHO CHIPS TAMALES ~'11:u ~~KJ _ _. ._.,..111 J: MIKE & /SABEL NA VARRO · N, W 3 c. 65 ..:xockif:g · · Grand Rapids, Ml 49504 : . ~· ~, 1702 Monroe N.W. (2-blocks South of Ann Street) - Complete Grocery ~ DOVVNST.AIRSSTORE W . 88th St . Opposite Rogers Plaza. , ~ / \ \ /·: ;J·.:J ~ ~ ·. I • /::;,J · ·.:j ~. :.: .( I ·· . . . I J I. ., !j))Jj-f:4~ I ··:; · ·:·.1 • I 4 15 11 112 I 18 119 I 16 13 I 20 I 17 14 I 21 andthatwasalchohol. Rose Shalifoe When it comes time to leave this world, don't go in shame. Live each day like it was your last day.on earth. Rose Shalifoe 1987 I SoyingsthatI'vepickedupalongthe way - they have helped me in good times and bad. I'm proud to say I did conquer one enemy 27 years ago I 1al' 'ocTOBER ~ OPEN 7 DAYS-A-WEEK 9 A.M. - 11 P.M. ,. rt; TILLIE'$ MARKETI - Liquor - Cold Beer & Wine - Pop& Ice - Sandwiches ;r· . Amway Corporation City of Grand Rapids Dept. of Natural Resources Lear Siegler, Inc. . Rospatch Corporation Steelcase, Inc. Great Lakes Mazda Wealthy School Sue Clayton's 5th grade East Grand Rapids 1 I2 I3 18 I9 I10 I I15 I 16 117 I ~ ci~hip Act for the five Civilized Tribes 122 123 124 Love one another while there is still time. RoseShaJifoo I passed this month Oct. 3-4, 1987 Mt Morris, MI; 4th Annual "Honor our Heritage"Po~Wow Oct 4, 1842 Chippewa of the Miss. and Lake Superior Treaty 25 I26 I27 I28 I29 I30 I 31 I Oct. 12, 1879LastwildbuffalokilledinOklahoma Oct. 14-16, 1987 Grand Rapids, MI; "Circle of Life" Conference �THANK YOU! ~ We wish to thank the following people for the countless number of hours they volunteered in helping to make this event a success. Chi Megwetch The Three Fires Pow Wow Committee END OF THE TRAIL *Indian Jewelry *Western Clothing *Western Boots *Custom Jewelry *Silver Repairs "The Koglers" 6501 South Division Cutlerville, Michigan 49508 Phone: (616) 281 -3640 TIPIS ~~'!::.-\~er-:~© Frosty Chandler Rainne Chandler WES McLAUGHLIN 1719 Southland Dr. Muskegon, Ml 49442 Phone 616-773-8426 EL SOMBRERO 527 Bridge St. Phone 451-4290 1516 28th St. Phone 530-8693 Late Night Drive-Thru Evelyn Bailey Leroy Bailey Charlie Beltz Evelyn Biggs Anthony Chingman Leonard Church Mary Church Kay Compos Mike De Garmo Pat DiPiazza Emily Duley Shirley Francis Simon Francis Debra A. Gibbs John Hart Hazel John Joe John Pat Koesquat Joanne Maldonado George Martin . I I 1 2 8 19 li6 I . 15 -r 14 15 16 7 110 Ill 112 113 14 111 118 119 120 21 Sid Martin Gene Peters Ike Peters Ted Peters Bard Beifried Ed Seifried Becky Shalifoe Jerry Shananaquet Genovieve Shirley Gary Shomin Janet Shomin George Snider Jeanette St. Clair Percy St. Clair David Wonegeshilc Patsy Wonegeshilc Angie Yob Jennifer Roloff Yob Ron Yob Wanda Chandler Alvin Cash Boots Nadeau B) Nov. 7, 1987 - Anchor Bay, Ml; Fall Conference (Feast) I 22 123 I 29 130 124 125 126 127 28 Nov. 7-9, 1987Chicago, IL; Annual Chicago Pow Wow Nov. 17, 1807Chippewa/Potawatomi/Ottawa, et al. Nation Treaty Nov. 20, 1969Indian occupation at Alcatraz Ils. San Francisco Bay Nov. 29, 1864 Sand Creek Massacre �NATIVE AMERICAN =---------- - --- ~' --=-- ·--t1--· _:::.__., _, _.... -,_ (; - ... --=----:-- - ,- ~ ~ . - ~ .~ l'- -·-·- - ~ PHOENIX PRINTING £iid ~r-· T>-ie.S-~11s~ AND PUBLISHING CO. An Enterprise of Fine Quality 35 South Division Avenue Grand Rapids, Ml 49503 1 12 3 4 5 616-459-7373 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Native American tradition is ancestral in so far as, it follows the teachings that were handed down. They were handed down from father to son and mother to daughter. The Indians were the first settlers on the American continent. Between 1000 A. D. and 1650, Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibway became firmly established. The Ottawa, Ojibway, and Potawatomi, lived in small mobile villages, continued their hunting and fishing for food. In the south, the large villages grew corn, beans, squash and sunflowers in the nearby fields. The early settlers would build homes out of saplings, bark, and rush mats. They were warm and secure in these dwellings. These tribes made their own subsistence, like pottery, baskets, ceramic pipes, snowshoes, tobaggans, bow, arrows, rope, fish nets, harpoons, wood working tools, and canoes. Davis R. Wonageshik Jr. Age 11 Ottawa/Blackfoot/Cherokee Sibley School If you want to be a true friend accept people as they are. The only one you can change is yourself. Rose Shalifoe Dec, 5, 1877 - Publication of the Cheyenne Transporter newspaper 20 27 21 28 22 29 23 30 24 31 25 26 Dec. 18, 1971- President Nixon signs Alaska Native Claims Act Dec, 19, 1890- Massacre at Wounded Knee, S. D. Dec. 29, 1838 Potawatomi trail of death begins in Indiana Dec. 30, 1838 Cherokee Trail of Tears begins this month �WHAT I THINK ABOUT BEING A NATIVE AMERICAN Bti LL Pti RI< FLOR ti L 8 VALLEY AVE. , N. W. GRAND RAPIDS, Ml 49504 I feel great because I think we Native Americans are the best communicators with the Great Spirit. We have extended families. We look out for people who are non-relatives, who we call brothers and sisters. Our ancestry records are really interesting, more than some other culturalities. Native Americans have more love than any other human beings. Native Americans are cool. I'm just happy I have a culture, tradition, and glad to be somebody like a Native American, because if I wasn't anything, I wouldn't have a tradition, culture, or tribe. Although we weren't the chosen ones who could see Jesus, we can see him in our hearts and I respect that. Dakota Shananaquet TELEPHONE 459-3409 Age 12 PASTOOR'S SHOP-RITE Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School 215 MICHIGAN STREET, N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49503 Ph. 458-5915 Lou Veenstra - owner POWWOW • ~ f11j, "Complete Insurance Coverage" GOOD JOB Window Cleaning Service Commercial, Residential, and Industrial 3131 Wilfred N.E. Grand Rapids, Mich 49505 361-5629 RON WERT Owner 3 I 10 I I I I I 1 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 111 112 113 114 115 116 One day I went to a pow wow. It was in Petoskey. I was dancing, it was fun. Our family had to spend the night in Petoskey. It was very fun. Then, 5 days later we had to go home. Then 1 year later, we went to River Side Park. People have something to eat, something to drink and the dance. They could drum. They could do anything. Melissa Shomin Age8 I 17 I 24 118 125 31 119 126 120 127 121 128 122 123 Ottawa Palmer School 129 130 January 15-17, 1988 Ortonville, Ml; A. I. C. L. C. Winter Survival Camp (alternate date Jan. 29-31) �(',., / WHAT A POWWOW MEANS TO ME .JI~ & {i8/'e/l/le/'- .Au~ & A&wo. A pow wow is an extended family reunion. It brings back the traditions, cultures, and legends about the olden days and olden ways. A pow wow is good because non-Indians can learn the Indian culture and traditions too. Some other cultures, they are stingy, but the Indians share their cultures. It' a ceremony to gain back our culture. We meet new people there and when we go to another pow wow, you'll see those same people again and then you '11 meet newer people every time you go to a pow wow and that's how we develop an extended family. Dakota Shananaquet S660 .2od J'trea ~ ~ 1!}S.2& ·---------- ~ ibwne, (of6} Zf}S-S.2/S or- (o16} q'9ti-<!Mo& II' YOU CANT GO TO MEXICO, WE'LL BRING MEXICO TO YOU. Rodie Canaled 401 STOCKING, NW, GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Age 12 Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School 1 rho-0:) '.)J.o.1/ ~~ ~ Compliments of Frank Przybysz I WHY WE SHOULD RESPECT INDIAN WOMEN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 127 ~---- I. 21 ~f-iA-1<~ (0(1\TAll IOIJ~CI (corner of Leonard and Fuller, N.E.) I 28 129 They are the ones who are responsible for having babies. They are the ones who are always there to help take care of the sick, take care of the children, etc. We should respect them, and all creatures because the Great Spirit created them. Dakota Shananaquet Age 12 Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School Feb. 8, 1887 Dawes Act passed, for allotment of Indian lands Feb. 21, 1828First issue of Cherokee Phoenix newspaper was published �WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO RETAIN OUR CULTURE/ TRADITION -~· ..f.,s/-···'',,,,,."]\ up' It is important to keep our culture because if we lose it, we won't have a culture or tradition. We will forget all the old ways. We won't have a legend to tell about our culture. If we lose our culture, we won't have anything, all will be lost. Dakota Shananaquet 168 l.oui.r Canpau Promenade Grand Ropid.r. Miehigan Age 12 LtSlt-311.tl Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School ~i1,jt~ Be good to one another while there is still time. Gre-Zak Agency, Inc. :~ii¥KtJ)~¼1~~~'u/¥fuVt;/i]}b~1wAlt;i;l\;(;;rf.J'l~i J Sabrina Shirley Age17 Cherokee/Kickapoo 1124 LEONARD NW GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49504 454-3952 OR 454-2091 1 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 110 Ill 112 114 Its 116 J17 r1s 121 122 123 124 28 29 30 31 . PROFESSIONAL AUDIO & . I 6 TELEPHONE SYSTEMS • (lENTfiAL I 13 INTE fi(lONNE(lT, ,~a . Communications Contractors 1438 Plainfield, N.E Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 616-458-2999 I 20 I 21 125 ~~~ 119 I 126 I 1. Rose Shalifoe MMch 3, 1871Congress formally abandons treaty making with Indians March 22 , 1622 First Indian rebellion in Virginia March 28, 1836 Ottawa/Chippewa Treaty �continued REILLY'S DRUG STORE 1321 E. Fulton Grand Rapids 456-6016 :y;s::rt~ /. _:, )Y.'f( / . . ~,:;,'7;,··.,,,. MULDER'S FAMILY RESTAURANT Open for Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner 7 Days a Week Breakfast ALL DAY t . ~ - s"ri- - --_Q.r,._dQ/\ . f-, I ()~~ ~8'7 Banquet Rooms Leonard St. -~,JQ~ /;'r : f11\~ i.Y U)!{) ,_ 1040 Leonard, N.W. 3874 Plainfield, N.E. 401-28th St., S.E. 3496 Kelly, Hudsonville WELCOME TO THREE FIRES FESTIVAL Here on the banks of Owashtanong (Grand River) dwelt until 150 years ago the Anishnawbe people, members of the Three Fires, a loose confederation of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi. On these banks the Anishnawbe built their summer dwellings - wigwams - of saplings, cattail reeds, and bark. They did so in order to take advantage of the excellent supply of foodstuffs in the area, particularly the fish that abounded in the rapids. Late in the spring, after closing up operations at their maple sugar bush to the east, the people returned year after year to set up their summer village and to plant continued on right side of this page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 corn, beans, and squash. Here they rebuilt or mended canoes, food-drying racks, snares, nets, and so on. They prepa red for cold weather by cutting and sweing skins for clothing, and by making baskets and storage containers for caching food. The nearby forests, meadows and swamps were harvested for nuts, berries, herbs, and plants for medicines. Our reconstructed village you see here this weekend during the Three Fires Annual Festival is an attempt - amateur though it may be - to pay tribute to our Anishnawbe ancestors who lived, loved, worked, and died long ago on the banks of Owashtanong. You will find striking differences to be sure; gone are the mighty birches that furnished bark roof coverings. We have had to substitute manmade materials instead. But that itself attests to the ability of Indians to adapt and change with the times. For, contrary to what many non-Indians think, Indians have changed and have adapted their life-style down through the ages, whenever circumstances necessitated change. Thanks to the Department of Natural Resources and other generous donors, the remainder of the mateirals used in construction are natural ones. With these we have attempted to revive here this weekend the skills and techniques used by native peoples of the Old Northwest Woodlands for hundreds of years. This project has been a labor of love, the contribution of many, many volunteers. Indian and non-Indian alike worked side by side in a mosquito-infested swamp to harvest the truck loads of cattail reeds needed. Another group struggled together to cut one hundred saplings 12 to 14 feet tall, strip them of foliage, and transport them to storage m water - where they would stay supple until needed. And finally, a third group of volunteers worked tirelessly the night before the festival to put up the entire full-scale village; no easy task using only twine - no nails, staples, or wire were allowed! The volunteers cannot be thanked enough. Without each one's generous gift of time and talent; without their cooperative effort, the Anishnawbe Village could not have returned. As you walk through the village, allow yourself the luxury of drifting back in time. Imagine that you are among the Anishnawbe of yesterday. They - and we Shirley Francis welcome you! Village Site Coordinator April 13, 1946 Congress creates Indian claims commission �GRAND RAPIDS INTER-TRIBAL COUNCIL ( Let the Grand Rapids InterTribal Council help build your collection of Michigan Indian educational materials ... I BOOKS: The Tree That Never Dies Oral History of the Michigan Indians Pamela J. Dobson, ed. (Grand Rapids Public Library, 1978) $6. 95. Descriptions of lifeways, . education, and beliefs in the In- ' dian's own words. Beads: Their Use By Upper Great Lake Indians (Grand Rapids Public Museum, 1977) $8. 95 Four essays and more than 150 pictures of Great Lakes Indian beadwork. VIDEOTAPES: Porcupine Quill Boxes (Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council, 1985) $24. 95 (rental) A step-by-step demonstration of the art of making porcupine quilldecorated birchbark boxes. Black Ash Woven Baskets (Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council, 1985) $24. 95 (rental) Black ash basket making from preparing wood splints to final product. Woodland Indian Basketry (Grand Rapids Public Museum, 1975) $24. 95 Shows a black ash basket from cutting tree in swamp to several different baskets being made. Great Lakes Indian Beadwork (Grand Rapids Public Museum, 1977) $24. 95 A demonstration of Great Lakes Indians sewn and woven beadwork techniques. The Michigan Indian Press of the Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Sylvester Wesaw Potowatomi I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0 e I 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 I 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 • . e • e ·. ·. 1 ·.• • g• " - .• . " • Q .:::.IAM~M,$,CA~/\.\g~ © 29 30 31 May through November, Pon tiac's rebellion May 28, 1882 Jim Thorpe 's birthday �// ( CHICKEN BASKET eCHICKEN eSEAFOOD • HOT DOGS and CHILI DOGS 9I 1200 W. Fulton 451-8837 (one block east of John Ball Park Zoo) RJLTCN WHY DRINKING AFFECTS THE INDIAN CULTURE · D ~ 0 ~~~<(3_.l)).J1L THE NEW 11' I, ;( i~ :0 Tl 5 Brandon Foley AgelO Ojibway Fountain School 1 GRAND ROGUE •b-Fm~•eoo~ • •Hey Rides :,,, · '· ~ """ •Nature Trails •Tenters, groups & conventioneers welanie •Reily area & pavilion Near Gerald Ford Museum, Grand Center & Charming Rockford Village 1 mile north of Grand Rapids, US 131, Exit 91, 4 miles east 6400 W. River Rd., Belmont, MI 49306 (616) 361-1053 13 14 Age 12 Campground & Canoe Livery 'Northern Edge Of Grand Rapids"I A clean, modern campground for all types of camping units in 75 beautifully wooded acres. •Specious Grassy Sites, Modern Facilities •Private lake, Sandy swim beech, Tubing •Beautiful 18-Hole Gold Course 12 All Native Americans should not drink. Some drink because of their problems, some drink for fun. When an Indian drinks for fun, it becomes a problem. It's a problem to the Indians because, in the past, the non-Indians gave the Indians alcohol and it drove the male Indians from the female Indians because they were addicted to it so much. Now-a-days, most male Indians are alone, with children but a divorce, because the female Native doesn't want drinking affecting her children. When a male is drunk, he might do something to his children and/or wife. But this too can happen to the female. They can get addicted to alcohol, " that all they want is alcohol and they don't want anything to do with their family, culture, or their lives. The male should act like a man or a father or even a husband and respect the female and the children. But then, we should respect men too. Because to respect men, is because they help the children, wife, etc. Dakota Shananaquet 16 17 18 19 110 Ill I 12 113 114 115 116 117 118 I 19 120 121 122 123 124 125 I 26 127 128 129 130 5 Ottawa/Chippewa Sibley School June 2, 1924 Indian Reorganization Act June 18, 1934 Indian Citizenship Act � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_three-fires-pow-wow-calendar_1987-06 Title A name given to the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow, June 1987 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-06 Description An account of the resource Homecoming of the Three Fires Pow-Wow calendar, Grand Rapids, MI June 13-14, 1987, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text