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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project
Charles Hammond
(00:29:35)
Background (00:00:00)
•
•
•
•

Born August 24, 1919, in Bridgedale, Ohio (00:23)
Moved to Columbus, near Eureka Island (00:55)
Parents worked various jobs during the depression.
His dad held an insurance job and his family owned a bakery
o They lost both of these and their house during the Depression
o They did farming work with his two other siblings
 They are both dead now (01:11)
• Attended West High School in Columbus
• Moved to Mt. Vernon, Ohio and finished school there
o Graduated in 1939(01:58)
• He did not think too much about the war starting in Europe in 1939. He was
aware of it though. (02:18)

Enlistment/ Training (00:02:32)
• Was drafted into the army (02:32)
• Worked for the SS Kresge Company and in a stock room at a dime store after
graduation in 1940 (02:40)
• Drafted in 1940 (03:00)
• Trained in Mort McClellan, Alabama
o Basic infantry training(03:09)
• Rifle training, physical training, trained for with a variety of guns (03:14)
• Went to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey (03:51)
• Spent sixteen weeks in basic training before he was sent over seas. (04:03)
Deployment/Active Duty (00:04:14)
• Set out for Scotland on the Queen Elizabeth
o Was basically a giant floating hotel
• The ship did not travel in a convoy because it was fast enough to where it could
avoid the German submarines.
o Took six days to reach the destination (04:14)
• Played a lot of cards and bummed around the ship for the six days as
entertainment (04:47)
• No threats of German Submarines that he knew of, smooth sailing (05:16)
• Once in Scotland, he and the other troops boarded trains an set out for Southern
England
o Older trains (05:28)
• Went to a camp near Southampton

�•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•

•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

o It was a tent camp for processing
o Gives troops assignments and munitions (06:08)
He was assigned to military police
o Evacuate P.O.W.s from the battlefield
 Dealt with German soldiers a lot (06:38)
Crossed the Channel into Normandy thirty days after D-Day(07:15)
Referred to his time in France as an “Adventure”
Moved through France very rapidly, troop movement slowed down a lot when
they reached the Alsace-Lorraine region
o July to September (07:48)
Alsace-Lorraine region had a lot of bad weather, coupled with supply issues, his
platoon was stuck there for thirty days (08:17)
He was with the 4th armored division in the 3rd Army (08:33)
Was in Luxembourg when his regiment was given the order to go in a different
direction
o Told to go to Bastogne in December of 1944
 Cold and snowy, “Just like Michigan, but worse” (08:43)
Stayed in a blown-out tavern for Christmas Eve
o Moved into the region the next day (09:27)
Air Force dropped in supplies to make a break through the German lines (09:46)
Was not in that area for long before his regiment was ordered back to the first
plan to get into Germany through Luxembourg (10:26)
Doesn’t know where prisoners were sent
They would take them to the Allied Headquarters in the area for questioning and
interrogating
o In the beginning of the war they would be sent back stateside for
imprisonment, but once territory was gained on the European mainland
they were dispersed to areas in France (10:35)
Majority of soldiers that he had to deal with were older men, and they were happy
that the war was over for them, they were well behaved and good mannered, not
much trouble at all, even when there were more German P.O.W.s than Allied
people (11:15)
Did not deal with the locals all that much (12:15)
Was in Czechoslovakia when they met up with the Russians
o Big celebration (12:48)
Sent to southern Bavaria for occupation measures
o Had civilian contact there (13:19)
September of 1945 was when he stopped being part of the army of occupation in
Bavaria (14:00)
Not a lot to do while in the occupation army, they were there as a deterrent for the
people to not do anything, the SS children were the biggest problem because they
were raised in the Hitler nation and ideals (14:15)
Lots of destruction, totally demolished
o He saw a lot more destruction in France (15:00)
Got an emergency furloughed to come home

�•

o (Tape paused so he could collect his emotions at this point) (15:34)
Returned to camp Kilmer, given a thirty day leave
o He returned home to Mt. Vernon and saw his family and worked for a few
days
o He couldn’t get an extension so he returned to the base (16:05)

Discharge (00:16:47)
• December 24, got discharged, couldn’t get home via the transportation was all
booked up because it was the day before Christmas (16:47)
• Pooled their money with a few other guys and got a cab to Pittsburgh, then took a
train from there to Columbus.
o He got home early Christmas morning (17:28)
Post Service Life (00:18:00) s
• Went back to the express company he worked at before the war, as a truck driver
(18:00)
• Got promoted to a supervision position
o He went to various locations and relieved people that were quitting or
being fired (18:17)
• First office was in a city in northern Ohio (19:00)
• Moved his office to Wellington, Ohio
• Then to Finley, Ohio
• Then to Jacksonville, Michigan
• Then to Hastings, Michigan
• Then to Muskegon, Michigan, where he retired (19:16)
• Company started to show signs of collapsing in 1969 (19:54)
• Started work with Shaw and Walker Company
o As a travel manager (20:11)
• Retired in 1983 (20:21)
• Wife died of cancer, he remarried in 1994 (21:12)
• Got in a motorcycle accident in 1995, that involved a lot of surgery, that hinders
what they do in their late ages with each other (21:35)
• Travels a lot with his wife (22:15)
• Sent lots of letters to family during war.
• Explains how that worked, and how the people receiving the messages get
photocopies of the note, not the actual thing (22:25)
• Had time off to go to a Riviera while in Europe, it was very nice (23:09)

�</text>
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Boring, Frank</text>
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                <text>Charles Hammond was born in Columbus, Ohio on August 24, 1919 and was drafted in 1940. He trained at Fort McClellan in Alabama. He was assigned to the 4th Armored Division and served in France, Belgium, Germany and Czechoslovakia as a military policeman who dealt with prisoners of war. He traveled through France, Germany, and Czechoslovakia. The prisoners that he dealt with were very well behaved and did not have many troubles with them, the only problem he complained about was the sheer size of some of the groups that they had to escort.</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project Interview
Bob Hammond
(1:21:34)
(00:30) Background Information
•
•
•
•

Bob was born on February 18, 1923 in Grand Rapids, Michigan
He went to South High School
Bob joined the Navy one year after Pearl Harbor had been attacked
He was 18 years old when Pearl Harbor was attacked and it had been a real shock

(02:10) The Navy
• Bob went to Great Lakes Naval Academy training in Chicago
• They were not here very long; just enough time to get their shots and do some marching
• They were tested for placement and Bob was placed into radio school
• He said that he got practically no training as a soldier
(03:18) Radio School in Jacksonville, Florida
• Bob was assigned to be a monitor
• He learned lessons in Morse Code, but did not like working with it
• He also learned to type 60 words a minute and took flag training
• They had to wake up every day at 6am five days a week
• Many of the men spent the weekends in Jacksonville
(06:16) Gunnery School
• Bob worked with 50 and 30 caliber machine guns
• He was given a choice of whether he wanted to work in planes or subs
• Bob thought that flying would be much more exciting
• He then began working with TBFs, or torpedo bombers
• He would fly with a pilot, himself as the radio gunner, and another gunner/mechanic
• They often flew over the ocean very close to the water
(9:40) Radar School
• This took place in Virginia in which Bob had more training with torpedo and dive
bombing
(13:35) The Intrepid Air Craft Carrier, CB-11
• This was a nice and brand new ship

�•
•
•
•
•
•

Bob had a bad area for his bunk, which was right below the hangar deck
They still had to get up every day at 6
Bob began flying out with a crew looking for subs near Africa and spent a few days in
Trinidad
They also traveled through the Panama Canal and the captain actually ran right into the
canal on accident
Bob was assigned to shore patrol with Panama MPs
They then went to San Francisco and flew right under the Golden Gate Bridge

(20:11) Maui
• Here Bob was on the Franklin air craft carrier
• They learned about the Norton Bomb Sight
• They went on night training flights and one pilot got vertigo, crashed, and died
(25:05) Palau
• They traveled to this Pacific island and attacked the ships in the harbor
• Bob had traveled with a fighter and bomber squadron
• The fighter sweep went in first, then the dive bombers, and last the torpedo planes
• They had been hit and had to make a one wheel landing on the carrier
• The plain was covered in holes from all the bullets
• They bombs that they used weighted 500-1000 pounds
(42:00) Saipan
• Bob and his crew would dive bomb here wherever directed to by the Marines
• The US had been trying to take back numerous islands from the Japanese
• Bob and many others were being attacked by Japanese fighter plains
• This was a very intense battle compared to his past experiences
• They were to provide air support for Marines against sea and land targets
(48:10) Guam
• Here Bob went on bomb strikes 5 times
• He felt more safe in this area
• They had been taking one island at a time and Bob felt that they were progressing
(54:50) The Philippines
• Bob began to feel mentally unstable this far into the war
• They took many prisoners in the Philippines
• Bob helped take a Japanese airfield out of commission

�(56:50) Okinawa and Formosa
• Here Bob hit many ships, but the experience is quite vague
• His last battle was at Formosa
(57:40) TDD Squadron near Alaska
• TDD was a target drone dummy based on a movie character
• Bob was headed towards Alaska when the bombs were dropped on Japan
• He was very grateful because he feared that he would soon have to go back to the Pacific
• He had seen so many battles and was not well enough to do it again
• They had been pulled out of the Pacific and on their way to Alaska because Bob and
many other men could no longer pass any physicals
• Bob had been on 39 flight missions and was so relieved to hear that it was over
• He often had migraine headaches and trouble sleeping
(1:05:00) Bob is Honorably Discharged
• Bob traveled from Alaska to San Diego, and then to Chicago where he was discharged
• He hitch-hiked back to Michigan and his parents were very surprised and pleased to see
him

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�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
WASHINGTON

The President of the United states takes pleasure in presenting
the PRESIDENITAL UNIT CITATION to the
U.S.S. BUNKER HILL
and her attached Air Groups participating in the following operations:
November 11, 1943, to February 23, 1944, Rabaul, Gilberts, Nauru, Kavieng,
Marshalls, Truk, Marianas: AG-17 (VF-18, VB-17, VT-17, Part of VFN:~76).
March 29 to April 30, 1944, Palau, Hollandia, Truk; June 11 to August 5, 1944,
Marianas, Bonins, Palau; September 6to October 21, 1944, Philippines, Palau, Yap,
Ryukyus, Formosa: AG-8 (VF-8, VB-8, VT-8, Part of VFN-76).
November 11 to 25, 1944, Luzon: AG-4 (VF-4, VB-4, VT-4).
February 16 to May 11, 1945, Japan, Bonine, Ryukyus: AG-84 (VF-84, VB-84,
VT-84, VMF-221, VMF-451).
for service as set forth in the following
CITATION:
"For extraordinary heroism in action against enemy .
Japanese forces in the air, ashore and afloat in the South, Central,
Southwest and Western Pacific, from November 11, 1943, to MayIl,
1945. Spearheading our concentrated carrier-warfare in the most
forward areas, the U.S;S. BUNKER HILL and her air groups struck
crushing blows toward annihilating Japanese fighting power; they
provided air cover for our amphibious fqrces;theyfiercely countered
the enemy's aerial attacks and destroyed his planes; and they in­
flicted terrific losses on the Japanese in Fleet and merchant marine
units sunk or damaged, Daring and dependable in combat, the /
BUNKER HILL with her gallant officers and men rendered loyal
service in achieving the ultimate defeat- of the Japanese Empire."
For the President,

~~w
Secretary of the Navy

.

C-73273

�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

WASHINGTON


The President of the United States takes plea­
sure in presenting the DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS to
ROBERT NELSON HAMMOND

AVIATION R.A..DIOMAN SEOOND OLASS

DNTTED STATES NAVAL RESERVE


tor service as set forth in the following
CITATION:

"'.,Ojoo

ttFor heroism and extraordinary achievement in
aerial flight as Radioman of a Torpedo Plane in Tor­
pedo SquadroriEIGRT~ attached to the U.S.S. BUNKER
HILL,. during operations against enemy Japanese
forces on Guam from March 30 to October 13~ 1944.
Completing his twentieth mission during this period,
HAMMOND participated in bombing attacks against
ground installations and assisted in furnishing
support for friendly ships, thereby contributing
materially to the success of his plane. His skill
and courageous devotion to duty in the face of anti­
aircraft fire were in keeping with the highest
traditions of the United States Naval Service."
(\ For the President,

\L-~P ~

.[ . .'

./f~("S~~
LJ secretaF:r-~f the Navy .

�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

WASHINGTON


The President of the United states takes plea­
sure in presenting the AIR MEDAL to
ROBERT IiJELSON HAMMOND


AVIATION RADIOMAN SECOND CLASS

UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE

for service as set forth in the following
CITATIOIiI :

"'.....	

"For meritorious achievement in aerial flight
as Radioman Of a Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron
EIGHT, attached to the U~S.S. BUNKER HILL, during
operations against enemy Japanese forces on woleai
and New Guinea and the Palau Islands from March 30
to October 13, 1944. Completing his fifth mission
during this period, HAMMOND rendered valuable as­
sistance to his pilot in carrying out bombing at­
tacks against hostile minlng, shipping and ground
'installations, thereby contributing materially to
the success of his plane. His skill and courageous
devotion to duty in the face of antiaircraft fire
were in keeping with the highest traditions of the
United States Naval Service."

.1\ For the Pres ident ,
, \	
("

»-e~~i:~

Usecretc;;,-df the Navy

�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
WASHINGTON

The President or the United States takes pleasure
. in pr-es ent.Lng the AIR MEDAL to

ROBERT NELSON HAMMOND

AVIATION RADIOMAN SECOND CLASS

UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE

ror service as set forth in the following
CITATION:

;('"

...."'"

UFor meritorious achievement in aerial r1ight as
Radioman Gunner of a Torpedo Bomber in Torpedo Squadron
EIGHT, attached to the U.S .S. BUNKER HILL, during
action against enemy Japanese rorces in'the Pacific War
. Area, from March 15 to Oct ober 22, 1944. Undaunted by
hazardous weather conditions, withering antiaircraft.
:fire and strongf'ighter opposition, HAMMOND success­
:fully participated in daring strikes against enemy ship­
ping and installations at or near the Palans, Bonins,
Volcanos, Philippines and Rjulcyus, and the islands of
'Woleai, Truk and Formosa and assisted in strategic and
tactical support. maneuvers for landings by United
States rorces at Hollandia, :Saipan, Tinian, Guam, Palau
and the Philippines. By his initiative, skill and cour­
age, he continually rendered aid to nis pilot and was a
constant inspiration to the other members of his combat
team. His resolute conduct~ aggressive spirit and un­
wavering devotion to duty throughout this period of in-'
tense aerial actiVity reflect the highest credit upon
'HAMMOND and the United states Naval Service. tJ
For the President,

d~~~
Secretary of the Navy

�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

WASHINGTON


The President of the United states takes olea­
sure in presenting the GOLD STAR in lieu of the Second
Air Medal to
ROBERT NELSON Rl1.MM:OND

AVIATION RADIOMAN SECOND ClASS

UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE

for

serv~ce

as set forth in the following

CITATION:
: "For meritorious achievement in aerial flight
as Radioman of a Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron
EIGHT, attached to theU.S.S. BUNKER HILL, during
operations against enemy Japanese forces in the
Caroline Islands from March 30 to October 13~ 1944.
Cgm.,~leting his tenth mission during this period,
HAMMOND participated in bombing attacks against
hostile shipping and ground installations~ thereby
contributing materially to the success of his plane.
By his skill and courageous devotion to duty in the
face of antiaircraft fire, HAMMOND upheld the high­
est ·traditions of the United States Naval Service."
~or

the President,

.~.

.l;;.

-e r.

creta~the

.

,~---~
Navy .

�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
WASHINGTON

The President of the United States takes plea­
sure in presenting the GOIJ) STAR in lieu of the Third
. Air Medal to
BOBERJ: NELSON HAMIvIOND

AVIATION RADIOMAN SEOOND CLASS

UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE


for service as set forth in the following
. CITATION:
"For meritorious achievement, in aerial:flight
as Radioman of a Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron
EIGHT, attached to the U.S.S. BUNKER HILL, during
operations against enemy Japanese forces in the
Marianas Islands from March 30 to October 13, 1944.
'Oompleting his fifteenth mission during this period,
HAMMOND assisted' his pilot in carrying out bombing
attacks against ground installations on Saipan and
Tinian and assisted in furnishing support for
friendly ships, thereby contributing materially to
the success of his plane. His skill and courageous
devotion to duty in the face of antiaircraft fire
were in keeping with the highest traditions of the
United States Naval Service. fl

i'\

(

For the President,

n -p (

.

~~ y.)A~~~d""

U secr~i;.ar:J

of the Navy

�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

WASHINGTON


The President of the United States takes plea­
sure in presenting th~ GOLD STAR in lieu of the Fourth
Air medal to
ROBERT NELSON H.A.MMOND

AVIATION RADIOMAN SECOND CLASS

UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE

for service as set forth in the following
CITATION:
"For meritorious achievement in aerial flight
as Radioman of a Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron
EIGHT~ attached to the U.S.S. BUNKER HILL, during
operations against enemy Japanese forces on Guam
and in the Palau and Bonin Islands from March 30
to October 13, 1944. Completing his twenty-fifth
mission during this period, RAMMONDassisted his
pilot, iil carrying out bombing attacks against enemy
shipping and ground installations, thereby contrib-,
uting materially 'to the success of his plane. His
skill. and courageous devotion to duty in the face
of antiaircraft fire were in keeping with the high­
est traditions of. the United States Naval Service. If

t For the President"
\) 1)

-P C~~

~:&lt;i'
/r~~
I
.&gt;:
)
C,
/
I

-, Secreta"ry..../of the Navy

r-,

�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
WASHINGTON

The President of the United States takes plea­ 

sure in pr-eaent Lng the GOLD STAR in lieu of the Fifth

'Air Medal to


ROBERT NELSON HAMMOND

AVIATION RADIOMAN SECOND CLASS

UNITED STATES :NAVAL RESERVE

for service as set forth in the following

CITATION:
UFoI' meri tarious -achievement in aerial flight

as Radioman of a Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron
EIGHT" attached to the U.S.S. BUNKER HILL; during
operations against enemy Japanese forces in the
Palau and Philippine Islands from March 30 to Oc­
tober 13" 1944. Completing his thirtieth mission
during this period" HAMMOND rendered valuable as­
sistance to his pilot in carrying out bombing at­
tacks, against hostile shipping and ground instal­
lations" thereby contributing materially to the suc­
cess of his plane in the infliction of damage on
the enemy. His skill and courageous devotion to
duty in the face of antiaircraft fire were in keep­
ing with the highest traditions of the United States
Naval Service."
For the President,

r
.
VIJ\"~'
..D

secret"a-~~f

the Navy

�THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
WASHINGTON

The President of the United States takes plea­
sure in presenting the GOLD STAR in lieu of the Sixth
Air Medal to
ROBERT NELSON HAMMOI~D

AVIATION RADIOMAN SECOND CLASS

UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE

for service as set forth in the following
CITATION:
"For meritorious achisvement in aerial flight
as Radioman of a Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron
EIGHT., attached to the U.S:.S. BUNKER HILL, during
operations against enemy Japanese forces in the
Philippine and Palau Islands from March 30 to Octo­
ber 13, 1944. Completing his thirty-fifth mission
during this period, HAMMOND participated in bombing
attacks against hostile shipping, aircraft and
ground installations and assisted in furnishing
support for friendly ships., thereby contributing
materially to the success of his plane. His skill
and courageous devotion to duty in the face of anti-­
aircraft fire were in keeping with the highest tra­
ditions of the United States Naval Service."

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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project Interview
Desert Storm Era/Operation Iraqi Freedom Era
Steve Hammond

(1:49)
Introduction (0:14)
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Steve was born in Ionia, Michigan in 1964. He grew up there and graduated from high
school in 1982.
His dad worked for Consumers Power for over thirty two years and his mother worked
for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
His family has a rich history of military service, his earliest relative, Daniel Wilson
served in the Revolutionary War, he has found some Civil War veterans also one of
which named Aaron Essex, is buried at the Veterans Cemetery on Monroe. He was in the
New York Infantry. His grandfather was in World War I. (2:33) Steve’s dad and two of
his dad’s brothers served in World War II. His dad graduated from high school in Ionia
in 1944.
After his father finished his basic training, he was put on a train that headed west to San
Francisco. However, the train was late which caused him to miss his ship. Later he
found out that the ship he missed was sunk in the battle of Leyte Gulf. (4:50)
He served in the Seabees, and went to New Guinea and Guam.
If the atomic bomb had not been dropped, his father most likely would have been sent to
Japan, and could have been killed. (6:25)

Joining the Military (6:33)
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After working at a fast food restaurant, Burger Chef, he decided he would check out the
military, part-time.
He found out about a chef job, and then switched to a communications job. He had
joined the Army National Guard.
He went to Fort Jackson, South Carolina for his basic training. (8:08)
Motivation for completing his training was his dad’s poor health.
Not wanting to redo his training, he stayed with it.
The National Guard did not have a good reputation since Vietnam.

Training (10:55)
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National Guardsman go through the same basic training as the regular Army, which is 8
weeks.
Arriving at Fort Jackson, he is received in civilian clothes, and is then issued his military
uniforms and a haircut.
Steve struggled with the training because he knew that he was just going to be part-time
and did not understand why he had to go through the regular training. He found out years
later that it was in case he was activated. (12:29)

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Most of the men were not in good shape when they arrived. Steve could do two push-ups
in two minutes when he arrived, once he completed training he could do fifty in two
minutes.
Along with physical conditioning, his training also consisted of rifle training with the M16, he had trouble sighting it in and aiming. While he struggled, he passed his rifle
qualification. (14:16)
During his bivouac week, he and his buddy were on a live fire range, he ran out of ammo
before he could finish the exercise. He liked the control environment of the range.
(16:28)
He also had to do several different aptitude tests, including the ASVAB.

Advanced Training (17:31)
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Upon completion of his basic training, Steve was sent to Fort Gordon, Georgia for the
Signal Corps to train for combat telecommunications. Land line teletype systems were
used, and his training had lots of typing, generator use and field exercises.
Everything was computerized. He credits the technology to the Commander-in-Chief,
Ronald Reagan, for putting an emphasis on military technology. (19:47)
This course lasted twelve weeks.
After his advanced training, he was sent to his home unit.

Home Unit (21:31)
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Steve was attached to the 107th Supply and Service Battalion, in Ionia, Michigan.
He was there from 1983 till late 1987.
His job was to set up land line teletypes on field exercises and field telephones.
The commitment to serve was one weekend a month, and two weeks during the summer
when they went to Camp Grayling. (23:45)
His service was done within Michigan, except when he went to schools such as at Camp
Ashland, Nebraska which was an NCO (non-commissioned officer) training school. This
school lasted about two weeks.
When he went to the school he was an E-4, Specialist, and the school qualified him to
pick up the next rank, sergeant.
Promotions are slower in the National Guard compared to the regular Army. (25:40)

Unit Transfer (26:21)
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156th Signal Battalion, located in Ypsilanti, Michigan became Steve’s new unit from
1987 till 1993.
He was working full-time at the prison, and he worked part-time for the Guard.
He didn’t need any further training when he switched to the new unit.
During Desert Storm, his unit was training to go to the Middle East. His unit was never
activated. (29:05)
His unit would work with other units to set up radio communications, like an engineer
unit from the Upper Peninsula.

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He never liked the Governor’s Parade, and today doesn’t have much respect for
politicians because he had to stand in formation and listen to the Governor speak, which
often took a long time. (32:30)
During Katrina, George W. Bush was blamed for not sending the Guard in to help, but
the Pentagon can call up any unit at any time.
His unit also trained for riots. Such as that in Detroit in 1993. He was almost extended
because of the near-riot after a man was beat with flashlights by police. Nothing
happened and he got out. (35:20)
After ten years in the Army National Guard, he got out.

Air National Guard (37:44)
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His first deployment with the Air National Guard was to Alpena.
Steve wanted to travel, and go overseas.
So he became a mechanic with the A-10s. But later switched to the Civil Engineers, and
was a plumber. (39:05)
He was in the Air Guard beginning in March 1997.
While in, he trained with personnel from NATO countries and other allies such as
Canada, England, Latvia, Saudi Arabia, France and Israel. (41:02)
At this time, he is still working full-time in corrections.
His unit earned an outstanding award after training in Alpena, Michigan.
RRR, Rapid Runway Repair, a task done during combat operations to quickly get
runways repaired after being bombed by the enemy. He had to train for this in full
chemical gear. One man passed out and Steve yelled to a major to call an ambulance,
which he did. (43:29)

Saudi Arabia (45:02)
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Steve’s first big deployment was to Saudi Arabia in 2000. He had just been married, and
his wife was seven months pregnant. They flew from Battle Creek to Detroit then to
Baltimore, Ireland, Egypt, Kuwait and finally to Saudi Arabia. (48:29) The windows had
to be shut and the lights off when flying into Saudi. They had a two plane escort, and
when they landed, they had all Christian articles such as Bibles, crosses, stars of David,
and all pornography taken, even Sports Illustrated or pictures of women playing sports.
For this deployment he was given the anthrax shots, and he avoided his fourth shot.
(51:07)
At 1am in Kuwait it was 110 degrees, and when they got to Saudi Arabia at 8am it was
120 degrees in the shade. They were advised to just drink water.
Having to remain hydrated, he had to urinate a lot and had to take his time doing things.
Saudi Arabia is a kingdom not a nation, and it made him appreciate our freedom as
Americans more than before. (53:10)
Steve was based outside of Riyadh, and he was there about three weeks. He was ordered
to stay on the base. Only a few people every month were allowed to leave base, and they
had to be active duty.
The soldiers had to wear covers over there body, both men and women, and the women
would be hassled for walking in front of men. They were also encouraged to stay away

�
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from public executions that took place on Friday’s. These were done for crimes such as
adultery. (55:52)
The beginning of August he was able to come home. The plane reversed course on the
return trip. The pilot said “Welcome to the United States” and everyone onboard cheered
and clapped. (57:00)
While in the airport in Baltimore, six men were missing when it was time to leave, they
ended up leaving two men behind, and they arrived the next day. (59:26)
At a retirement ceremony for one of the men left behind, Steve wanted to know where he
was when they were left behind, and gave him a map of the Baltimore area for his gift.
(1:02:04)

Stateside, 9/11 (1:02:17)
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June 2001, Steve was in the Black Hills of South Dakota, conducting civil engineering
training.
They traveled all around the area seeing local attractions such as Mount Rushmore,
Deadwood, Little Big Horn, Custer State Park, Bad Lands and the Devil’s Tower.
September 11, 2001 Steve had just bought a house in Walker (1:04:10)
Steve had always wanted to see the World Trade Centers, and to watch them come down
really bothered him. He remembers watching Peter Jennings lose it on TV, it was the
first time he saw him do that. Watching the towers fall, Steve’s wife was scared that he
was going to be activated. (1:06:43)
He was given a tour of the Pentagon once, he wondered why they would attack such a
solid structure, and thought the Capital building would have been a more demoralizing
target, or the White House. (1:08:51)
The main target for the US was the training camps in Afghanistan.
Security was tightened on his base, requiring ID checks for everyone, even those in
uniform. (1:10:13)
He didn’t know what was going to happen to his unit, so he packed his bags just in case.
As a civil engineer, his unit traveled to Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, to fix up
the area and make improvements. (1:12:23)
After his time down south, in 2002, they found out they were leaving around
Thanksgiving or Christmas back to Saudi Arabia.

Back to Saudi Arabia (1:15:50)
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The day after Thanksgiving they left for Battle Creek to go overseas. They went from
Battle Creek to Detroit, Baltimore, Cyprus, Kuwait and then to Saudi Arabia.
Flying into Saudi, they still had their windows down and lights off, they were flown in
with four escort planes. (1:16:55)
His role was the same as his previous deployment. They were there for a little over a
month, he left just before Christmas.
The weather was so much different, because it was winter. The hottest it got was around
65 degrees. (1:18:45)
He was kept in the dark about the situation in Iraq and elsewhere.

�
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Again, he was not allowed off the base, except to fix a water leak near a small town
outside of the base. The locals looked at them with hatred just because they were
American service members. (1:20:27)
His unit was not called to go into Iraq.

England (1:22:03)
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Steve and his unit were sent to Royal Air Force Base Mildenhall, located just north of
London.
England was very nice, but expensive. In London protesters were angry about the
American presence in Iraq.
What he liked best about being in England, every day they played God Save the Queen
and then the Star-Bangled Banner. He liked saluting during that time out of respect for
our NATO allies. (1:23:58)

Israel (1:24:02)
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The following year, his unit was sent to Israel in February and March.
It was the same type of deployment as before, construction and repair, and they created
buildings for United States Marines that were coming there.
They went on a tour of the area, rented their own bus and traveled around to see all the
sights.
Steve was advised not to wear an American Flag or American sports team or university
shirts. (1:26:25)
At the Wailing Wall, a woman who was deployed with them wanted to go to the men’s
side, but was talked out of it by the fact that UN guards were nearby ready to enforce
local rules and regulations. (1:29:24)
Haggling with a local vendor, Steve bought a paper weight of the city, he was advised by
the tour guide never to take the first price that is given.
He bought several rosaries for his family and had them blessed by a French priest at the
tomb of Jesus. (1:34:00)
One of the men with him had his wallet stolen.
Back on the 2nd Saudi Tour (1:35:53)
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TCN – Third Country Nationals, workers on the base from other
countries, mostly from Pakistan.
Steve watched some workers that were supposed to be delivering
water working on something that he found suspicious, so he
reported the activity.
Two days later he was given a coin by the Command Chief Master
Sergeant for the information that he gave. (1:37:09)
The men were doing something in the dirt, near the fuel storage
area.

Last Deployment and Retirement (1:39:05)

�

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In Alpena, Michigan, Steve was asked to create a security outline for perimeter defenses.
He inquired with other Guard units and a Marine unit to check with their manuals. Some
of his ideas were placed in the Air Force manuals later on. He was given an Air Force
Commendation Medal for the act.
Around this time, he had 22 years in and thought it was time to retire. Steve was an E-6.
National Guard and Reservists need to acquire 60 points a year for retirement. He
wanted to go a little beyond just to be sure that he was eligible for retirement. (1:42:55)
Steve has his pension from the government and will also draw a small check for around
$50 a month from the State of Michigan for 20 years of service in the National Guard.
(1:45:43)
His time in the service affected his whole life. He was his son’s Cub Scout leader, and
they wanted him because of his leadership skills and his attention to detail.
Now, he is a leader in the Boy Scouts for his son.
He carries great pride and faithfulness for his country and the American Flag.

�</text>
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Boring, Frank</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veteran's History Project
Vietnam
William Hand
Total Time (00:47:18)
Introduction (00:00:30)
 Bill was born in 1946 in Dallas, Texas; his father was in the Marine Corps as his family
bounced around until Bill was ten years old when his family settled down in Houston, Texas
(00:01:01)
◦ His father was the sergeant major of the recruiting station in Houston, Texas (00:01:15)
▪ Bill graduated from Spring Ranch High School in Houston and went on to the
University of Houston (00:01:32)
 Bill majored in accounting at the University of Houston although his focus was to go
into the Army and receive his commission; the degree was secondary to getting his
commission (00:02:17)
◦ He went into the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) through the
University of Houston and graduated as a distinguished military graduate which
earned him a regular army commission; he graduated in 1969 (00:03:07)
◦ Bill went to Ft. Benning in Columbus, Georgia for infantry officer basic corps
and then to airborne school and spent five months in the 82nd airborne until he
received his orders to go to Vietnam (00:03:28)
Arrival &amp; Time in Vietnam (00:03:28)
 Bill arrived in Vietnam in June of 1970 and became a platoon leader in the 2nd Battalion, 506th
Infantry Regiment in the 101st Airborne Division (00:03:42)
◦ Bill never had more than 24 men in his platoon while in Vietnam; it was more of two
reinforced squads than a full strength platoon (00:05:13)
▪ The 2nd day he was in Vietnam, Bill and his platoon went into Ripcord Fire Base as they
rotated companies around the firebase periodically (00:06:47)
 Their main mission was to protect the artillery batteries and the battalion
headquarters (00:07:28)
 Bill felt he was accepted quite well once he got into Vietnam and mentions at the
Ripcord reunions that his reception went over fine as well (00:09:13)
◦ Bill's goal was to get the mission done and protect his men; he never wanted to
lose a man to a booby trap- he was fairly successful and only lost two men while
he was a platoon leader (00:09:47)
◦ Bill describes how he lost those two men and how they could have been
prevented- although it is just one of those things you have to live with and you
cannot tear yourself apart about it (00:11:33)
▪ Once Bill's unit was evacuated from Ripcord, he notes that every time his
company got into something, they were brought out because they did not
want his group to experience what they did at Ripcord- they didn't want his
group to incur anymore major losses (00:12:34)
▪ Bill mentions one of his biggest problems while in Vietnam was to keep drug
dealers from selling to his troops (00:16:46)
▪ He nor his troops never had any problems with drug use once they went out

�▪

▪

into the field; the troops policed themselves in a way (00:17:04)
One of Bill's medics noted that he did not want to go to the rear area because
it was notorious for drinking; once the medic came back from the rear he did
not have withdrawal problems (00:18:14)
Bill found marijuana, heroin, and opium in an ammunition container one
time; that was the only time Bill encountered something like that in his sector
(00:20:07)
 Bill went to Jungle School for two weeks in Panama after Vietnam
(00:22:47)
◦ He was taught how to survive in the jungle, how to operate land
navigation, defensive positions and other positions as well (00:23:06)
▪ Bill mentioned some of the other fire bases acquired beer
occasionally but that never happened for him (00:25:15)
▪ Other than letters, Bill would send cassettes back to keep in touch
with family and friends (00:27:08)
◦ At Camp Evans in Vietnam, the air force had air condition, cold
beers, movies- all in the rear; he mentions the air force had all the
good stuff everywhere you went (00:28:32)

Coming Home /Race Relations/Back to Duty (00:28:34)
 Bill came home in June of 1971; when Bill came back from Vietnam he felt unlike how soldiers
feel today: parades and affection, there was none of that and people would often stare at soldiers
if they were in uniform- people made nasty comments as well (00:29:16)
◦ The worst experience for Bill was seeing wounded soldiers come home and how much
nobody cared about it (00:29:28)
▪ A few years ago, Bill experienced thank you celebration to Vietnam veterans from Ft.
Benning in Columbus, Georgia (00:30:07)


Race relations were okay while in Vietnam except the rear; Bill mentions there wasn't much
interplay between blacks and whites (00:31:56)
◦ For Bill, the only issues that ever happened between race was in the rear; in the field,
everyone was tight and if they weren't the people in the platoon would take care of it- black
or white (00:32:26)
◦ Bill would not put up with any racial problems- he told his men that they were “one army,
one unit, and if you can't live with that then you don't need to be here” (00:33:50)



After Vietnam, Bill went to Ft. Benning and then on to Germany for three years (00:35:28)
◦ Bill was stuck in a headquarters in Heidelberg, Germany; he became the commander of the
headquarters company (00:35:54)
◦ It took about eight or nine years to make major after he had made captain status (00:36:51)
▪ After Germany, Bill went to Ft. Hood located in Killeen, Texas (00:37:52)
 After Ft. Hood, Bill came back to Ft. Benning; he became the Deputy Chief of a
mechanized unit for three years (00:39:32)
 After Ft. Benning, he went to Egypt for a year; he was the Deputy Chief of the
liaison system in Sinai (00:40:02)
 After Egypt, he worked with the 3rd Army in the G3 for three years (00:40:50)
◦ After retirement, Bill said he couldn't complain about his 23 years in the military

�(00:44:00)
Retirement &amp; Beyond (00:44:00)
 Bill retired in 1992 (00:44:14)
 One of Bill's first jobs after his retirement was to help train Saudi Arabians with equipment
(00:44:29)
◦ Bill mentions he was missing too much of family life and decided to resign while in Saudi
Arabia; the Prince of Saudi Arabia was disappointed initially but then supportive of Bill's
decisions once he learned why (00:46:16)

�</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project Interview
Vietnam War
Terry Handley

2:02:34
Introduction (00:26)
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Terry was born in Niles, Michigan. The first of two sons to Elmer and Eileen Handley on
December 30, 1947.
His father was in the skilled trade at Clark Equipment Company as a welder. He later
worked in the testing department on earth moving machines. His mother went to work at
Electro-Voice, which was a speaker manufacturer in Buchanan, Michigan.
When Terry and his brother were out of school, his mother went back to school and
became a registered nurse.
He grew up north of Buchanan, and that is where he went to high school. (02:16)
Terry played football growing up, and he graduated from high school in 1966.
After high school, he attended LMC (Lake Michigan College) for business
administration. He obtained his associates degree.
In 1968, Terry enlisted for two years because he knew he was going to be drafted. He
wanted to be thought of as regular army instead of being a draftee.

Military Service (04:03)
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Terry planned on doing what he needed to succeed and ended up being a squad leader
and then a platoon guide.
When he was eighteen, he went to Detroit to register for the draft and they stayed at the
Pontchartrain Hotel.
While there, he went down to a bar to get some drinks and he later learned that the bar
was predominantly black and the neighborhood was not safe for him.
Having grown up with other minorities, he was not prejudiced and did not look at
people‟s skin color. He never used the „N‟ word growing up and neither did his family.
(06:19)
At Detroit, he had his physical and he could see many people that were trying to fail so
they wouldn‟t be drafted.
Terry went to Detroit in 1966, and was given a college deferment for two years while he
was going to school.
At the time, he did not pay much attention to world events and was just trying to focus on
his career in retail. (08:29)
He was not anti-Vietnam. Terry had a friend that was a Green Beret and made it home
unscathed. Another friend from high school went to Vietnam and was killed within three
months of being there. Still, he did not have any animosity with the war.
Terry felt that he was being sent to Vietnam to protect his homeland. (10:19)

�

After the war, Terry learned that over 1.5 million people were slaughtered after the
United States pulled out of Vietnam.

Basic Training (11:55)
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He reported to Chicago and was sent to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. His training
lasted 12-13 weeks.
When he first arrived, they tried to tear each man down mentally and physically. Terry
refused to let them do that to him.
Terry was asked if he wanted to be a driver and he volunteered for it. He got his military
drivers license and as a result of being a driver only pulled KP duty once while in basic
training, and later did not have to do guard duty.
His duties included waking up early to transport the company to various ranges and other
forms of training. (14:53)
In basic training, it was all about conditioning. With some elementary aspects of military
maneuvering and combat training. (17:21)
Towards the end of basic, they were given their first pass, which allowed them to move
around the base.
He met a man that was 25 or 26 named Richard Hamilton. He was a very smart man,
who brought life back to reality. Terry was good friends with him.
Terry would lock his brain out to things that were going on around him in order to keep
fit mentally. He still refused to let them get in his head even though they tried. (19:28)
Their goal was to break you down to build you back up. It culminated during AIT
(Advanced Infantry Training).
After NCO school, four or five of the people with him were asked to consider OCS
(Officer Candidates School). This was appealing because it was another few months that
he wouldn‟t be in Vietnam. (21:00)
The advanced training in map reading and combat was something that he wanted. He
thought about doing it but he found out that he would‟ve had to extend his enlistment for
two or three years.

AIT (22:10)
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Terry was sent to Fort Lewis, Washington for AIT. The environment was very different
than basic.
One major difference was the granting of passes that allowed them to go to Seattle and
other cities nearby.
They training primarily with the M-14 and a little with the M-16. Terry also learned
more about the safe handling of the weapons and how to break them down and clean
them. (24:44)
Fort Lewis was a good experience for Terry, and while he was there he met Leon
Hendrix who was the brother of Jimi Hendrix. He would be picked up by a limo when he
had a pass and taken off by his brother.
The instructors were mostly Vietnam veterans, and they treated you well if you treated
them well. They wanted the men to learn because they knew where they were going.
(26:45)

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Almost all of AIT was geared towards Vietnam. They learned about guerilla tactics,
mines and booby traps and things that they would encounter in country.
The Vietnam veterans would talk with them and tell them about what to expect.

NCO School (28:24)
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When he volunteered to go to NCO school, he did not have to extend his two year
enlistment.
He wanted to go because he was interested in gaining the additional experience and
training with compass and map reading, marksmanship, land navigation, medical training
and radio procedures.
One man that he trained with ended up going on to OCS, but most chose not to go
because they did not want to extend.
The emphasis on physical training increased at NCO School. (30:46)
This school was conducted in southern Georgia at Fort Benning during the summer.
While there, he met chiggers. Which are almost invisible little insects that bite and are
not fun.
There was also an increase in forced marches. Their goal was to build up the men
mentally because they were soon going to be leading others. (32:18)
At Ranger training, they went down for a week in the swamp and had to survive off the
land. The instructors also pulled ambushes and things to keep them on their toes while
they were out. It was here that they gained experience and learned what to expect when
they got to Vietnam.
Sometimes he would have people that refused to walk point, so he would do it. After a
little while someone would tap him on the shoulder and tell him he better move back in
the line. (34:17)
Terry graduated from NCO School in November 1969. After NCO school he was sent to
Fort Jackson in Columbia, South Carolina. It was there that Terry became an instructor.

Fort Jackson (35:05)
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At Fort Jackson he was training AIT recruits and was given a company. The four of the
men that he was with decided that they were going to discipline their students differently
than they had been treated. After meeting together, they decided to give their recruits
post privileges for the rest of that day, which was a Saturday. Monday morning they had
an inspection and they demanded that they be number one.
With that mindset, they only went one week not being rated first for their inspections.
(36:15)
Terry‟s superiors were curious about their new training techniques, but they allowed him
to continue. The results showed them that it was working. (38:30)
Terry met John Fraser at NCO school. He was from Maine, and he was a backwoods
country boy. He had amazing grip strength.
The group that Terry bonded with was John Fraser, Richard Hamilton, and Chuck
Kearse. It was the four of them that trained the recruits at Fort Jackson. (40:02)
After they finished training, they were given a few weeks leave. They reported back to
O‟Hare Airport in Chicago to ship out to Vietnam.

�

On the drive to the airport, Terry heard a voice that he believes was God that said “Don‟t
worry son, I will take care of you.” He trusted that when he went overseas.

Vietnam (42:30)
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From Chicago, he met up with John at Fort Lewis and they flew together to Anchorage,
Alaska. Then they went to Hawaii before they made it to Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam.
Once they arrived, they both were issued orders to the 101st Airborne Division.
They arrived in Vietnam during the day and he remembers the smell, the humidity and
the heat.
Helicopters could always be heard, and that lasted until he got home. It was a constant
drone day and night.
They spent a day or two at Cam Ranh Bay before being trucked up north to Phu Bai.
Camp Evans was the headquarters for the 101st. (44:21)
A few trucks went together along Highway 1, and they had no incidents on the trip up.
He didn‟t know what to expect when he was there. But thought initially it would be like
an Audie Murphy movie, which it wasn‟t.
He and John were both assigned to the same battalion and company but different
platoons.
Terry went to Delta Company, 1/506th. They were nicknamed the „Delta Death Dealers‟.
(46:26)
When he arrived at Camp Evans, he was issued his weapon, clothing and other
equipment. They didn‟t wear any markings of rank, except for officers who would on
occasion, but mostly just the higher ranking men.
At the beginning, they carried a rucksack with lots of food, and a little bit of ammunition.
Towards the end, the ammo took the place of the food. (48:40)
The company had come back to base for Christmas when Terry got there. That night,
they set up NDP‟s (night deployment positions). They found a trail and set up ambush
positions. It was after dark so they didn‟t dig in. Terry couldn‟t sleep and didn‟t know
what to expect. In the middle of the night, someone was talking to them. He was Viet
Cong and he thought they were friendly. The machine gunner fired at him and he ran off.
(50:55)
The next morning, they found the man wounded. He tried to attack them and was then
killed. Terry asked if that happens every night and his men told him no.
He found a 9mm Russian revolver during his time but was not able to bring it home.
After his first night, things quieted down. (52:50)
Terry experienced that the lulls in action would cause some to become complacent and
that‟s when you got hit.
They were out for a month to a month and a half before they came back to base. The
101st was present on Hamburger Hill. Terry knew a man, Ted Tees, who won two Silver
Stars at that battle. He also saved Terry‟s life . (54:37)
During a patrol, Terry led thirteen men with no medic. At night, they could hear the VC
looking for them in the jungle.

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One night, Terry prayed to God and asked that if he was going to be killed or wounded he
wanted to be done that night. The next morning Terry got a radio call from Ted and he
told him that his grandmother had died and he arranged for emergency leave home. Ted
was the RTO to the Battalion Commander. (56:59)
Ted was given that job as a reward for his actions on Hamburger Hill.
Terry‟s RTO, a Puerto Rican named Shorty, claimed that he could not speak much
English, towards the end of his time there, he told Terry he could speak English just as
well as he could. (58:39)
He did that so he didn‟t have to do as much.
Shorty was told to move a boulder and stump by using a rocket launcher. That didn‟t
work so he used „det‟ cord (detonation) to blow them out of the ground. They were
blown so high part of the stump went through the TOC (Tactical Operations Center) tent
and almost killed the Lieutenant Colonel. (1:00:23)
They never stayed in the same place twice.
During a patrol, they saw heads bobbing in the distance so they triggered their claymore
mines and set off their ambush. When they went down there and checked for bodies,
blood or hair, they were unable to find anything. Terry remembered that once they set off
their mines, a family of monkeys that were in that same vicinity climbed to the tops of the
trees. (1:02:55)
A day later, while on a night patrol, Terry was awoken because of a fire that was a
kilometer away. He requested a fire mission and the fire went out. Thirty minutes later,
the fire reappeared. He ordered another fire mission and the fire went out again. Thirty
to forty-five minutes the fire appeared again and he called in another fire mission. The
company commander asked Terry what was going on up there and he explained it. The
next morning, they could not find anything and Terry believes that the fire was in a cave
and was covered by a cloth once the incoming fire came in. (1:04:58)

Emergency Leave (1:05:28)
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Terry went on his emergency leave at the end of March, because of his grandmother
passing away.
He wasn‟t home in time for the funeral, but it took 18 hours to get from Vietnam to
Chicago. And another 18 hours for him to get home. The delay was because of a terrible
blizzard that occurred that year in 1970.
When his leave was up, he got back to Vietnam and he ran into two of his men at Cam
Ranh Bay. He learned that they had re-enlisted to get out of the field because their unit
had been hit really hard while Terry was away. (1:07:43)
To this day, he feels guilty that he wasn‟t there, because he may have been able to make
better decisions that could have saved the lives of his men.

Ripcord (1:09:36)
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Come May, the Texas Star and Ripcord operations began. Terry witnessed from afar the
shelling and destruction of Ripcord. (1:09:45)
Once he got back into country, he did not get back into the field for a few weeks because
of restructuring in the unit.

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Terry and his unit went to Eagle Beach for R&amp;R for a couple of days. In the village, they
paid the MP so they could pass through the gate. The reason for going into the village
was to see the women. After finding only one woman, they decided to just go back to the
beach and drink beer. (1:13:04)
While out in the field, they would sometimes stay at firebases. Most of the time
however, they stayed out in the boonies.
On one field mission, they saw smoke in the distance, so Terry and his men were tasked
with investigating it. When they made it to the location, they discovered that it was
steam from a hot spring running into a cold river. They set up a NDP and stayed for the
night. (1:15:48)
Since they were operating a night ambush, come morning the group didn‟t have anything
to do so they spread out and formed a perimeter and they all took turns taking a hot bath
in the spring.
They liked the spot so much, that they stayed in the vicinity for three days. (1:17:40)
Terry also enjoyed finding 1,000 pound bomb craters because they made instant
swimming pools.
Back at Camp Evans, they were attacked on occasion, so there was an established guard
set up. Some men would smoke drugs and other things while back at the rear. (1:19:14)
A platoon size varied, but was usually between 25-30 men. Sometimes they would be as
low as 12-14. Terry had to harden his heart and tried to not get too close to his men
because he never knew if they would be rotated out or be killed. (1:21:13)
For the new guys coming in to the unit, they would tell them some of their folk tales
about monsters or fictional things, but they worked with them and taught them how to
survive. It was important to learn the system and how to operate together.
For most of their AO (Area of Operations) they could see Ripcord because it was one of
the highest points around. (1:25:07)
They didn‟t know at the time how many NVA they were up against but Terry learned
later that there were two regiments attacking Ripcord.
When they landed at a hot LZ, Terry led his men to one side and John led his to the other.
They were being attacked just enough that they were unable to dig in. John lost a couple
of men, but Terry did not lose any. (1:27:03)
One of Terry‟s men came up to him and asked him for help with his arm. Between his
wrist and his elbow his arm was bent downwards. Terry asked him how he did it, and the
man told him that a mortar round landed on his arm and did not explode.
One of his new medics died of shock in the battle.
Some time later, Terry found an article written by a helicopter pilot that was there that
day flying out the wounded. In the article he mentions a sergeant that was running out
and bringing the casualties from the battle to the landing zone. Terry realized that he was
that sergeant. He e-mailed the pilot and thanked him for everything he did that day.
(1:30:22)
Another helicopter that day was hit by an RPG in the tail rotor. The pilots landed it and
got away from it in case it exploded.
Terry was told to go down and shut it off because it was on fire. He brought a pilot with
him and they shut it off. (1:32:00)

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When it was time for him to be extracted, a medic came running out and grabbed onto
one of the skids of the helicopter and held on until the wind became to strong he was
blown off and fell into the jungle. (1:34:08)
Terry was wounded himself, and another helicopter eventually came and picked him up.
He took shrapnel from a mortar round earlier in the day, and still was able to work
through it and help his men.
Terry‟s captain was killed the day after Terry left the field [July 21]. He was killed by
the rotors from a helicopter. (1:36:26)

Wounded (1:37:25)
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The same day that Terry was wounded, John Fraser was also wounded. Back at Camp
Evans, the men were all happy to be out of the field. John was sent to Guam for his
injuries and Terry was sent out to a hospital ship. On board the ship, they had an award
ceremony where he received the Purple Heart and some other awards. (1:38:26)
After he left the ship, he was sent to Japan to recover. While there he met up with John
Fraser and the two walked up to the NCO club wearing their hospital robes. Terry was
told to shave his mustache but he told them no.
At the club, they had to use the latrine so they went in to go but John was in a wheel chair
and couldn‟t get in the stall by himself. Terry helped him and when he did the stall door
shut behind them. Realizing how stupid they must have looked, they began to laugh.
While this was going on, two men came into the latrine and heard the two laughing in the
stall. They quickly exited and when Terry and John came back out, every eye in the club
was on them. (1:41:10)
Terry was in Japan for only about a week or so. From there, he was sent to the Great
Lakes Naval Hospital in Illinois. They informed him that he was eligible for disability.
Today, he still has ringing in his ears and has to wear hearing aids. (1:43:50)
Instead of waiting the extra month to get his disability, he decided to just go home.
He was discharged at the end of August 1970.

Civilian Life (1:44:55)








Terry was married before he went into the service but it ended up in a divorce. He also
took more college classes and continued with the business major.
While attending Western Michigan University, Terry met his wife and they were married
after ten months of dating. (1:46:06)
Before he had graduated, he found a job with the Michelin Tire Corporation. He went in
for an interview and he was asked to shave his mustache, which he did.
He had a choice between Atlanta and Detroit, and he chose to move down to Atlanta.
They later moved back to Michigan and Terry became an apprentice at a tool and die
company and started a landscaping business on the side. (1:48:28)
Terry finished his apprenticeship and began working for a company named RJ Tower and
worked as a tool engineer. The company had two customers, Ford and Honda.
His father-in-law later offered him a sales position at his company so that his daughter
would be closer to home. He later became one of his role models because of his
integrity. (1:52:00)
Terry spent twenty five years working with Honda as a tool supplier.

�






After Vietnam, Terry would wake up in the middle of the night with dreams about the
war. He never slept with a weapon but he did have a problem with his temper. (1:55:05)
He learned to control it because he wanted to be a successful businessman.
His military service helped him develop loyalty, and he loves to talk to people. It also
strengthened his faith in God and Jesus Christ.
Vietnam also helped him realize that he shouldn‟t worry about things that he can‟t
control. (1:58:43)
He has compassion for the people that blame the problems in their lives to their military
service, he doesn‟t accept it, but he has compassion for those people.
For treating PTSD, the answer is not drugs, but instead to have other veterans that made
the same sacrifices come along side them and help them to understand that life can move
forward. (2:00:38)

�</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veteran’s History Project
Vietnam War Era
Ward Haner Interview
Total Time: 2:31:00

Background:


(00:38) Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on October 12 th, 1946



(00:49) His father was a World War II vet



(1:10) Spent five years in Scottville, Michigan, where his grandfather had a store



(1:35) Moved back to the Grand Rapids area



(1:56) Father was a mechanic before, during and after the army



(2:10) Mr. Haner says this is why he decided to become a mechanic



(2:40) Had three sisters



(3:10) Graduated from Kentwood High School in June 1965



(3:19) Only had one month before going overseas



(3:33) Enlisted in the Navy Reserves when JFK was killed



(3:50) Trained in the Navy &amp; Marine center on Monroe Avenue in Grand Rapids



(4:10) Wanted to do something for his country, so decided to enlist
o Looked up to his father who was in the army
o Chose the Navy because he hates snakes



(4:48) Looked at Vietnam as a possibility; it was in the back of his mind but he didn’t
know for sure



(5:22) The reason he was interested was because of his grandfather in World War I and
father in World War II

Training


(5:51) Went to Great Lakes Naval Base in Illinois



(6:19) When he arrived at the Naval Base, said it was scary

�

(6:42) When he got to boot camp, they “let us know who was boss”



(6:58) Expecting the discipline



(7:08) Adjusting to military life was hard



(7:53) Boot camp was 6 weeks



(8:00) A lot of marching and drilling



(8:17) Got married 6-7 months into the service



(8:31) Wasn’t engaged when he went to boot camp yet



(8:54) Got a bit of liberty time in Chicago, but didn’t go far



(9:07) Thousands of guys training with him; couldn’t describe how big the base was



(9:21) Barracks was 100ft by 60ft



(9:32) Company AO 70



(9:43) Guys from all over the country came there to train, talks about how different
everyone was



(10:04) Both enlistees and draftees



(10:13) Next, went to Norfolk, Virginia



(10:23) Flew from Great Lakes to a training ship to San Diego
o Went on USS Walton, got very sick
o The ship was a destroyer escort
o Three weeks on the ship
o (11:30) Remembers smells set him off
o If you weren’t sick, eventually got sick from watching others
o (11:48) Remembers a friend waking him up when they were pulling into port
o (12:08) There was a bad storm that made Mr. Haner think they wouldn’t make it
over



(12:53) Had time at home, had “sea legs”



(13:20) Graduated from high school after this



(13:33) Supposed to graduate in 1964, but short just a few credits



(14:01) The lieutenant allowed him to have 6 months to get his diploma or go to
Vietnam

�

(14:40) Now he was in the Navy full time



(14:53) When he went back to school, met his wife

Norfolk and First Assignment


(15:26) Made the mistake of eating on the plane, crab meat was spoiled



(15:41) Sick at the airport and on the cab



(15:52) They wanted to take him to the hospital when he got to the base, but he didn’t
want to do that on his first night



(16:20) Stayed in transit until he got a ship



(16:27) Went on USS Forrestal, an aircraft carrier



(16:57) The Forrestal was the biggest and newest warship at the time
o Flight deck was 4 football fields long



(18:32) Saw his name on a list, was in the 3rd division
o He was in the starboard side mess decks



(19:04) Got indoctrinated
o 14 different duties: air defense, general quarters, etc.
o For these two he went 6 decks below mess decks in a tunnel, went to next one,
each was 6-7 feet down
o Side door was opened, 75 pound projectiles stacked on the walls for gun mounts
o Had to load magazines
o (20:29) Mr. Haner said there were tubes that went all over the ships to reload



(21:13) Anything that dropped over 6 ft in the Navy was considered dangerous



(21:49) Mr. Haner was on a man overboard team



(22:00) His team drove the ship
o An hour on the helm, and lee helm
o Witnessed 3 jets and 1 helicopter crash



(22:32) This was during Vietnam conflict; 1965
o Their next mission was to go to Vietnam



(22:51) Went aboard the ship on Friday, August 13th, and left on the 27th of August

�o Mentions that during this time he bought a ring for his wife and sent it home
o Wanted to go home before going to sea, and got 7 days leave after asking
lieutenant
o Found out the ring didn’t come; but she got it after he left back for the ship


(24:19) They pulled out from Chesapeake Bay and went south
o Learned how to do different duties
o Went down to St. Thomas, Virgin Islands



(25:50) At this point everybody was still training



(26:50) Rotated off and on



(27:26) Crew of 5,000 men on the ship



(28:16) Remembers rescuing a yacht in the Caribbean, someone had a heart attack and
they brought the person on the ship



(28:49) Headed north after the Caribbean to Beirut, Lebanon



(29:00) Took a week to get there



(29:36) At that point they hadn’t had any liberty; Mr. Haner was too new



(29:57) The first port he got to leave the ship on was Naples, Italy
o Mentioned that all the bars there were named after American cities



(30:54) Got little books that told them things about the towns of the ports they were in;
what to do, what not to do, etc.



(31:47) A lot of sailors in that town



(32:26) Went to Genoa, Italy and met some college students from America



(33:20) Malta was next, he really enjoyed it



(33:47) Mentions that there was a colony of Little People on the island



(34:09) Went on a taxi ride in Malta



(34:35) Hit a few ports on the way to Lebanon, they landed on Morocco
o Said it was dangerous to go to Morocco at that time
o After this, went through the straits of Gibraltar



(35:20) Talks about a plane crash



(36:55) Always heard jet engines, but heard the explosion

�o Saw the plane land in front of him on its side


(38:42) The crash that he just described was November 11 th, 1965



(39:02) Mr. Haner said they talked about things like that; took it in stride, but not
everyone on the ship knew that it happened depending on where they were



(39:42) Pulled into Beirut
o 7 days here
o They were told not to go ashore alone, Mr. Haner went anyway
o Saw something he wanted to take a picture of
o As he was doing this, a guy on a horse blocked him from doing this; was holding
an AK-47 and a huge sword
o (41:15) There was a Christmas flight going out of Beirut for them to go home
o Mr. Haner went home to get married; got the first flight out



(42:31) Rejoined the ship in Athens, Greece



(45:15) Went to Palermo, Italy and found out he had cousins there



(45:29) Went to Cyprus and Italy



(45:48) They were supposed to be gone for 12 months, but were gone for 10



(46:16) As the anchor was being pulled up, everyone could hear them



(46:42) Saw all the white hats go up in the air and land on the ocean
o Every time you leave a port for the last time, it was a tradition



(47:20) Went back to Norfolk
o 6-7k people on the pier welcoming them home



(48:26) Found out that they were going into dry dock when they were supposed to go to
Vietnam



(48:42) There was only one fresh water evaporator left by the time they got back



(49:36) Went to a dock in Portsmouth, Virginia and water was pumped out



(49:58) Mentions that he was a firefighter on the ship
o He had to go down with a yardbird, another guy went with him underneath the
ship to fix the problem



(51:34) Still living on the ship while it was in dry dock

�

(52:07) He and his wife got an apartment near this place



(53:03) They were on the ship over Christmas, and pulled out in February



(53:26) They did a shakedown
o He was on the lee helm, and the captain told him to go all engines full reverse
o Captain told the helmsman to go 15 degrees left rudder, and the ship turned
o They were trying to find out if it would brake
o He was told to go engines full ahead
o Then it was time to switch teams



(55:28) About 15 minutes later, ship started to shudder and he knew they were
stopping; took 7 miles to make it go forward again



(56:00) Purpose of a shakedown cruise is to see what the ship’s got, if it will fail in any
way



(56:54) Mr. Haner mentions that someone went to prison for lighting up a cigarette on
the ship because it risked the whole ship being blown up



(57:05) Every week there was a fire on the ship
o Usually from smokers
o One time it was especially bad, they were down there for 8 hours
o Ate C-rations, and Mr. Haner enjoyed them
o The captain commended them for doing a great job firefighting; it was across
from the nuclear bomb storage



(59:52) Came back to port after being on shakedown for two days



(1:00:28) Talked about drones that were launched for practice



(1:00:41) A pickup truck was shot off



(1:01:38) Mentions that he was nervous to be out at sea when his son was about to be
born



(1:02:40) Received a telegram about his son



(1:03:03) About a month later they went home, and because Mr. Haner was a new
father, he got leave on arrival



(1:05:20) Talks about how he jumped ship, friends helped him

�

(1:05:45) Almost missed his flight home



(1:06:00) Got a 7 day leave



(1:06:10) Ship then was headed towards Vietnam



(1:06: 20) While they were on a cruise, there had been a shortage of crews for the boats
used on Vietnamese rivers (swift boats, etc.) and he found out that anyone with 10
months of service or more was subject to transfer
o This was before the Cuba cruise



(1:07:25) They got a list of things to do



(1:07:45) They were supposed to be sent to a province at the DMZ
o He had a good friend who was over there already
o Mr. Haner was ready to go, but he never was sent to Vietnam



(1:08:15) Never found out why he never got orders



(1:08:58) The first Mediterranean cruise he was on was when he found out about the
possibility of being sent to Vietnam



(1:09:08) The ship that Mr. Haner was on did go to Vietnam



(1:09:23) In 1967, there was an uprising in Beirut which caused their leave to be
cancelled
o They ran support for getting all of the Americans out
o It took them about two weeks, went through 7 different time zones
o Marines also helped with this
o They were in port when they got the call to go to Beirut
o After this, the ship went to Vietnam



(1:11:00) Mr. Haner was on an ammunition on-load; he never saw so many different
weapons at one time before



(1:12:19) Carried boxes of 20mm for the jets, put them on a hook
o They were sent to voids, and while opening the voids, some guys died because of
the poison; hadn’t been opened in a very long time
o Another guy hung himself

�

(1:13:20) One of Mr. Haner’s duties was to clean showers in their division, a friend
helped him
o A guy came in from off duty, he heard screaming
o The guy passed out and hit his head on the shower and died
o Had to re clean the area



(1:14:35) One time there was a fire in his area and he had to pick up a guy who’d been
burned bad



(1:15:25) By the time they were going to Vietnam, Mr. Haner’s time in the service was
running out
o Was told if he didn’t reenlist, they would come and get him
o Offered a lot of money to reenlist
o At this point he just wanted to go home and work and be with his family

Going Home


(1:16:30) Went home, July 15th
o Over the radio he heard about his ship having a major explosion at sea a few
weeks after he left
o Felt guilty
o Talked about John McCain’s jet



(1:18:48) This was 1967



(1:19:06) He had two more years left where the Navy could call him in



(1:19:30) Says that he was put on the USS Independence until he was officially
discharged



(1:20:07) The USS Forrestal didn’t sink from the explosion; but was badly damaged and
came close to sinking



(1:20:22) In August 16th, 1966, he remembers hearing that a psychic (Jeane Dixon)
predicted when and how their ship would sink
o Blew up on July 29th, 1967



(1:21:50) Applied for different places around town to work

�

(1:22:03) A family friend gave him a job on 36th street



(1:22:16) Mr. Haner had trouble readjusting to civilian life
o 9 W2 forms in one year; couldn’t stay in one place



(1:22:48) Drag raced; eventually went into circle track racing



(1:23:26) Started a business later in life



(1:23:50) Went to a VFW



(1:24:25) Went to VA in Battle Creek; took care of health needs
o Found out that PTSD was on his papers
o He handled Agent Orange



(1:25:55) Was a service manager at a Ford dealership in Wayland



(1:27:07) Says he would go back and do it all over again
o Would have gone to Vietnam, was always ready



(1:27:53) Says going into the Navy helped him grow up and see that important things
were going on



(1:29:17) Mentioned when he was about 30 he tried to go back into the Navy, but they
wouldn’t take him



(1:29:55) Has been to Forrestal reunions



(1:32:10) Remembers when he was on the ship after he found out his son was born, the
captain talked to him; which was rare

More Information


(1:33:48) Went aboard the Forrestal Friday the 13th, 1965, got out on July 15th, 1967



(1:34:09) Went to the Caribbean, Virgin Islands, went up the Atlantic to the
Mediterranean, took a right, went to Beirut, and stopped at places in between



(1:34:55) Also went through the Pacific



(1:35:15) The Forrestal went all the way to Vietnam



(1:35:22) Mentions that right after he got aboard the ship it was supposed to go to
Vietnam, but it needed some repairs



(1:35:36) They were on station for awhile when it was being repaired

�o Still needed work, then dry dock at Portsmouth, Virginia
o This was when he had to go underneath the ship the next day
o Black, creaky elevator
o Cut hole in the bottom of the ship; had to fix the freshwater evaporator issue


(1:37:05) They did make it to the shores of Vietnam before Mr. Haner rotated out



(1:40:33) Talks about a C-130: cargo plane, 4 engines, they have ramps in the back,
cargo nets for ships to sit in
o It could land on the deck of the carrier



(1:42:31) They had 250 million gallons of crude oil running the ship; it had to maintain
80% of the fuel
o Median grade crude oil
o They had to put a new gasket in
o They were barefoot, almost up to their waists in the crude oil
o He had a friend named Bob who was starting to slip in the hole, they made a
chain of people to help
o Nobody was able to swim in it; not dense enough to hold a person up



(1:45:38) Alpha working party and Bravo working party
o Mr. Haner was on Alpha
o Whenever they went to a port, they would go inland to the airports to pick up
mail, jet engines, parts, etc.
o They had to bring it back to the fleet landing where liberty boats came in
o Bravo party would bring it from fleet landing to the ship
o Because of this, Mr. Haner got to see a lot of extra country
o Got a 45 pistol with one clip
o Had to guard things overnight
o He and his friends got food, made a little camp
o People were shooting a movie near the runway
o Saw Israeli commandos
o This was in France

�

(1:48:55) In Cannes, France, they almost were shot after trying to get a picture of their
ship from the bay
o Probably because they were in the wrong place at the wrong time; not so much
because they were American



(1:50:45) Talks about the time he had leave on arrival after the birth of his son
o Went to his sister’s house
o March 1967, bad storm; he couldn’t get out, and he go to the ship later
o Fortunately the ship was still in port



(1:52:00) During the major overhaul, ship fitters lit torches, cut pieces of steel, this was
when they had the freshwater evaporator issue
o Signs up warning sailors to be careful and not fall
o As Mr. Haner ran over the edge, he saw a sailor who fell
o They rescued him, his eye was out of his socket
o Ended up surviving
o The drop was 25-30 feet



(1:54:50) Talks about the E he wore w/hash marks
o For every E they break, they would get more days of liberty at Guantanamo Bay
o The captain had steak and beer for them
o This was his work crew



(1:56:20) Pistol incident
o His wife was there, and he wanted to get her a pistol because he was worried
about her being by herself
o He asked his friend to take the clip out; the gun went off, almost went into a
compartment
o Mr. Haner went to his workstation and the ship’s police were there
o (1:57:49) Went to the executive’s office, asked him questions, etc
o Mr. Haner had powder burns on his thumb, told him the gun went off by
accident
o Guns were not allowed on the ship

�o The guy was put in the brig on the ship for 30 days
o “Marines worked them to death”


(2:00:35) They spent about 10 days searching for bombs that went down
o Eventually they did
o They were off the coast of Spain, this was 1966



(2:01:25) Mentions that there were Russians out at sea also; harassed them
o A Russian sub crossed, their captain sent it in front of them; almost hit it
o The bombers were called “The Bear”, it went over them with the doors open
o There was a Russian Navy warship that followed them closely
o Mr. Haner made a movie that showed the Americans and Russians looking at
each other with binoculars



(2:04:03) Mentions that his family brought him back to the ship years later and they
weren’t allowed to take pictures



(2:04:45) The Forrestal and another ship were anchored in Portsmouth, remembers a
big building that made propellers
o Mr. Haner was painting a part on the ship, and a helicopter overthrusted and the
rotors hit the flight deck
o So many were wounded that they needed a blood drive



(2:06:36) When Mr. Haner was standing watch somewhere near Cuba as they were
anchored:
o His duty was to look for anybody that may want to sabotage the ship
o He had a search light
o Saw a picket boat with guys who had weapons, rode around perimeter for a few
hours
o He went down by the straight side of the ship
o A big white snake appeared in front of his flashlight
o A tarpon came out of the water and ate the snake



(2:08:25) Remembers one night they partied before the ship left very early in the
morning

�o Oceanview in Norfolk
o Mr. Haner didn’t have money for cab fare, so he gave the cab driver his class ring
as he went to get more money
o When he came back, the taxi was gone
o Mr. Haner found out eventually who the guy was, took some other guys, went
over to his house and demanded the ring back, but it was gone


(2:09:54) During the overhaul, when they were alongside the pier after being in dry
dock, Mr. Haner’s wife was there in the apartment they bought
o Got to sneak off the ship; hid his uniform in a bag, changed into it near the
propeller
o Went home wearing his whites
o He couldn’t get past the gate when he was called back
o Saw another sailor climb over the gate
o Mr. Haner did the same



(2:12:44) One time in France, he was on shore patrol
o There were a bunch of sailors in a restricted area
o He had to get them out, they were under arrest
o 10 of them on shore patrol, picked up 10-12 men
o When they had to cross a bridge, there were a bunch of people blocking them
and protesting


Threw stones and bottles

o They were warned by the lieutenant not to reach for their pistols


(2:14:42) One night they were rearming
o Took fuel on their ship for a few hours, destroyer ships refueled from them, etc.
o This time they were taking on ammunition
o One night it was particularly rough
o It was Mr. Haner’s job to take the net off the bombs and put them on the carrier
o The bombs hit the elevator so hard it hit the pipe
o Swung around and hit underneath

�o Mentions that it takes 4 guys to swing the bombs on the cart
o Anything dropped over 6 feet had to go over the side


(2:17:18) Mentions that he played division football
o They won every game
o On the last one, 4 minutes left, he played linebacker, hurt his ankle very badly
o He was sent to the hospital, his friends wanted to bring him a trophy but it was
stolen
o The guy who took it faced him in a boxing tournament
o Mr. Haner chipped 14 teeth



(2:19:17) Mr. Haner mentions that their ship lost steering often
o Once, they were tied to a refueling ship full of crude oil
o Steering at 6 knots
o Heard ropes cracking, Mr. Haner’s job as to cut ropes in the case of emergency
o He had an axe, went to cut them, and crude oil and JP5 was all over the place
o He and his friend got hit



(2:21:25) There was a time when they were on a crew taking sailors in and out, weather
was rough
o Liberty boat held about 65 men
o A friend fell in between the boat and the gangway
o They hoisted him back up
o He eventually jumped off the flight deck when someone jokingly told him to do
so another night
o A ‘tin can’ picked him up



(2:23:28) The Russians they came in contact with were in the Mediterranean and the
Atlantic
o They stayed at a distance
o The closest calls were with the submarines
o They did stay below the surface, though



(2:27:50) Sometimes there were fires on board twice a week

�o Mostly caused by smoking
o There were voids on the ship that would catch fire, they had hatches
o “spontaneous combustion”, Mr. Haner was sure it was from smoking though


(2:30:15) Would like people to know about and remember the Forrestal tragedy

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Hanging Out &amp; Hooking Up:
Negotiating Safer Sex
Presented by Dave Watt of CARES
(Community AIDS Resource and Education Services)

Learn skills for
negotiating safer sex -how to assert boundaries,
respectfully approach
.
someone, recognize
abusive behavior, and
respond to dangerous
situations.

Wednesday
September 22

4-6 PM
Pere Marquette Room
Kirkhof Center

@

GRANDVALLEY
STATE UNIVERSITY

LGBT

RESOURCE CENTER

For more information, please visit
www .gvsu .ed u/lgtrc

[fBl
llQQJ
Approved

HUMAN RESOURCES

If you need special accomodations,
please call 61 6.331 .2530

�</text>
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Original filmstrips were recorded by AVG crewmen Joe Gasdick and Chuck Misenheimer, as well as Chinese Air Force Interpreter P.Y. Shu, who was assigned to assist Col. Claire Chennault as he trained Chinese pilots and established the AVG.&#13;
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Interviews with members of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) “Flying Tigers” were conducted by Frank Boring for the documentary film Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers, which he co-produced with Frank Christopher under the production company Fei Hu Films. The AVG Flying Tigers were a group of American aviators, mechanics, medical and administrative military personnel, led by Col. Claire Chennault to assist the Chinese Air Force in their defense against Japanese air strikes from 1941-1942. The AVG Flying Tigers also flew in defense of the Burma Road, a major Chinese military supply route. The group disbanded and returned to regular U.S. military service after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.</text>
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Christopher, Frank&#13;
Gasdick, Joseph&#13;
Misenheimer, Charles V.&#13;
P.Y. Shu</text>
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                <text>Black and white film taken by Chinese Air Force Interpreter P.Y. Shu (no sound). The footage was recorded by Shu as he traveled with Col. Claire Chennault to aid the Chinese Air Force in training and establishing the American Volunteer Group (AVG). The footage documents Shu's travel and family as well as Chennault's and the AVG's activities during the Second Sino-Japanese War.&#13;
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Time-stamped scene list: 00:00 Chinese soldiers marching to the front. 01:20 Three Chinese Air Force officers and Chennault with suits and ties. 01:53 Training airplane on the ground. Landing the plane. Ground crews working on a plane. 02:37 Chennault with Rolf Watson and Sebie Smith. Ground crews. Crew working on a plane. 02:57 Shu family affairs and recreation time.  05:23 Chinese woman with a bicycle. Chennault talking with bicycle woman. P.Y. Shu riding a bicycle. Shu, Chennault, and bicycle woman. 06:54 Shu family affairs and horse race. 09:01 Chennault and W.H. Donald playing golf. 09:34 Water buffalo and drivers mowing the lawn. 10:15 Chennault and W.H. Donald playing golf. 11:05 Chinese children playing outside. Women and children playing. Monkey show. Acrobatics show.</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project Interview
Timothy Hanna
United States Army
Length of interview: (33:22)
Early life (00:00)






(00:30) Born on November 20, 1965 in Grand Rapids, Michigan
He has two sisters and one brother
He volunteered for the army in 1984 just before graduating high school
Timothy trained at Fort Dix, New Jersey, Military life was very strict
(4:20) After training, he went to Washington (state) where he was a welder; the work
shifts often lasted over ten hours

Germany and later life (5:30)
















(5:50) Timothy received training in Germany in preparation for any Cold War hostilities
that may have occurred
(6:30) Many people in Germany were friendly to the American personnel, this had a lot
to do with the level of support the Americans gave them
(8:40) While in Germany, Timothy was a welder in a motor pool
(10:30) On the weekends, Timothy and his friends went sightseeing and visited various
bars and restaurants. There was also a large concert that brought together bands such as
Scorpions and AC/DC.
(12:00) One of his favorite places to visit was Bastogne, a key location during the Battle
of the Bulge
(13:20) When the Berlin Wall was taken down, Timothy breathed a sigh of relief, for
people were hurt trying to get out of East Germany.
(14:30) Timothy signed up for four years of active duty and two years of inactive duty. It
was during his inactive years that the Berlin Wall came down
(15:30) He was at work when he heard about the 9/11 terrorists attacks. Tim did not
rejoin the army as a result of the attacks. If they wanted him to rejoin, he figured they
would give him a call
(18:30) Upon returning from Germany, things were different. He tried to contact people
that he had not seen in four years
(21:20) On the way back from Germany, he was nervous about how much change had
occurred while he was gone
(23:20) Food was available at all times, either from the cooks or from the many
restaurants near the base. He enjoyed the different ways the Germans prepared food
(27:30) After leaving the service, Timothy immediately got a job as a machinist
(30:00) He had no fear of Russian aggression after the Berlin Wall was taken down

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                    <text>HANNAHVllLE
INDIAN

RESERVATION

ROUTE 1
WILSON, MICHIGAN

49896

POT AWA TOMI
(Keeper of the Fire)

Area Code (906)

466-2721
466-9931
466-9932
466-2558

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