376 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8b0050eebf56990de47f1658250a062e.jpg 8b642ee3c1a714219fc87fe65eb876f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1092 Title A name given to the resource Halifax British RAF bomber Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Halifax British RAF bomber, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Great Britain Military education World War, 1939-1945 Airplanes, Military--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1a3f2235dd71754019acfa7f4cc587d1.jpg 1b4b17bdd726780579ea4cadbbee0804 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HallDonald_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Hall, Donald Description An account of the resource Donald Hall, Physics Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4842073b7d13ca6a10e058edae0dcafc.jpg cd7c2b5ed258b4f8ed86de4a77a0b641 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HallDonald_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Hall, Donald Description An account of the resource Donald Hall, Physics Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c4f850c8ed22df9d420c049969b7b3bc.jpg b89836a8c10e63ed20598ba05617f180 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HallDonald_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Hall, Donald Description An account of the resource Donald Hall, Physics Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a818ef70d3d38d363032ef91706df34.jpg ad949c946c683aa61c567627fa39c4c3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HallDonald_Photo04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Hall, Donald Description An account of the resource Donald Hall, Physics Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9019e87b6127d90fae9a427557de6f0b.pdf b4b8f7390101c4db454b9f12369b9593 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Korean War Floyd (Bud) Hall Length of Interview (43:56) (1:10) Early Life   Floyd’s father was in the heating business. o After working with his father for several years, Floyd went into the wholesale milk business for 35 years and then the chemical business for 20 years Floyd was enlisted in the Navy at age 16 (2:00) Military Life     Swimming was important skill to have in the Navy He eventually decided to join air-sea rescue, which was part of the paratroopers o Since all of them were volunteers, Floyd was free to return to the Navy at any time, but didn’t because he was having fun Paratrooper training was fun for Bud o They started training by jumping off a four foot platform o The next step was a 30-foot tower with a cable that prevented them from hitting the ground o The 250-foot towers were next. Here, they had to control their parachutes in order to land without hurting themselves After the jumping, training got tough o They were required to crawl through a muddy pit while machine guns were fired over their heads o Training was also conducted in Florida for a time. Here, they were required to jump into a swamp. The jumps were conducted between 1,500 and 1,000 feet o Night jumps were also common; this was very difficult because they couldn’t see where they were going (9:00) Korea    Floyd arrived in Korea in 1952 He never spoke to the Korean People because he didn’t understand their language He was positioned on a mountain near the 38th Parallel when he and his comrades ran out of water o They walked down the mountain until they found a small stream o When they headed back up the mountain and came across a small village where people were washing themselves in the stream that Floyd had drank from �            o Quinine tablets were used to make the water drinkable and reduce their chances of getting sick (12:10) Floyd was very close with the men in his unit because they lived in a tank for weeks at a time o In total, Floyd had a total of 55 men under his command; they were like brothers When they returned to the United States they conducted a maneuver along the St. Lawrence River o Twenty-five men were killed when the truck they were in was hit by a train o Floyd also remembers a time when his plane was on fire and he had to quickly make sure that his men got out of the plane. A lot of them landed in the trees below When Floyd had six months remaining in the service, he married his first wife o He lived in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, which was 20 miles away from Fort Campbell (where he was stationed) They would occasionally fly over a nearby river, where they could see mist coming from moonshine distilleries While Floyd was stationed at Fort Campbell the Tennessee Dam Authority was in the process of building a dam on the river o They warned everyone in the area where the moonshiners were to leave because they were going to flood the area for a lake (19:25) When they were in the tanks (Korea), Floyd stood up and leaned out of the turret to call out targets for the four men below o A lot of the targeting had to be done with his own eyes because they didn’t have very good targeting systems o Snipers also posed a problem when Floyd popped his head out of the tank o On one occasion, Floyd fired his 50-caliber machine gun at a tree. Shortly after he did this, a pair of pant fell from the branches. He doesn’t know if he killed the soldier or not o They took some small arms fire but not much else Small planes flew above the tanks and served as spotters for them o Although they rarely saw the targets that were being called in, they knew when they hit something o The Chinese artillery posed a significant problem; the rounds sounded like trucks flying overhead There were a total of four tanks in Floyd’s group; they narrow roads didn’t permit any more Floyd doesn’t recall shooting enemy soldiers because he was always at a distance Floyd lost a lot of weight because it ration drops were difficult to pull of o Gas for the tanks was usually dropped before food (28:31) Out of all the places he visited while in the military, he enjoyed Alaska the most Floyd remained in Korea until the war ended in 1953 o Those who served in the navy as well as the air force worked tirelessly to provide the infantry with the proper support �  Floyd only jumped from an airplane once during the war o The jump occurred during the night and the men in Floy’s unit encountered no resistance Throughout his time in Korea, the air force was constantly searching for enemy infantry o If enemy troops were located, the air force quickly moved to deal with them o Floyd’s brother was in the air force during the Second World War and flew a lot of missions in the South Pacific (35:30) After Korea      After he left the military, Floyd had a scholarship to play football at Michigan State but he turned it down because he wanted to get a job Floyd returned to Fort Campbell later in life; he was amazed at how much it had expanded He went back to work so that it would be easier for him to adjust to civilian life Serving in the military taught him to love others Floyd advises those who wish to join the military to take it seriously so they don’t get themselves into trouble � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_HallF1815V Title A name given to the resource Hall, Floyd (Interview outline), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-15 Description An account of the resource Floyd "Bud" Hall enlisted in the United States Navy at age 16. After a short time in air-sea rescue, Floyd decided to join the paratroopers. He describes the paratrooper training process and the numerous practice jumps that were required. Floyd was eventually sent to Korea in 1952 and served as a tank commander until the end of the conflict in 1953. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hall, Floyd Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Favreau, Courtney (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4dd75b2d6bdeabba34ba7dc9fa716287.jpg 0d296e7ddac989120e57183ed1b8e0fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HallRichard_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Hall, Richard Description An account of the resource Richard Hall, Management Sciences Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2ad8be78a1c7e53174e543b69b1ecea8.jpg e2a8c91866b0475507e1bfd616c8ab83 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HallRichard_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Title A name given to the resource Hall, Richard Description An account of the resource Richard Hall, Management Sciences Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1992s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/39759d115559e7d94165bbc35ab370e5.m4v 743757d787a4cf10a7ddfaebbbb7f506 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d179621f28a366449d26eeb566848855.pdf 24d54c0f3e061d6f9a9c09ff26ac3a4a PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project World War II Jim Hallberg Length of Interview (01:20:16) Background Born in Detroit, MI, January 11, 1921; moved around quite a bit Father was a farm insurance specialist, traveled a lot Finished high school, was preparing to go into college, but was called into the service  Graduated from Muskegon High School, 1939 Worked for Meta Pumps until he was drafted in the fall of 1941 Saving money for college, attending Junior College Heard about Pearl Harbor in Ft. Worth, Texas while bowling  Military police came in and told all men in the service to head back to their bases Training/Service (00:03:25) Drafted on October 13, 1941  Reported to Muskegon Armory, then to Kalamazoo for medical examination, then to Battle Creek where the men were split and sent to different forces  Hallberg was sent to Camp Waters, Texas Had been aware of the war going on in Europe, read the papers (00:04:19)  Wasn’t a complete surprise  His brother had been in the first draft [April 1941] Mainly strength training, did okay with this (00:05:06) No problem with the military discipline The other men he was training with had no problems, as well Was assigned KP as few times �Spent 13 weeks training  During training, Pearl Harbor was announced  Thought it was exciting because the war was on 34th Division (00:08:50) Waited for assignment after basic training  Put on a train and was sent east to Fort Dix, New Jersey  Was put on a unit as an RP (Replacement Personnel) Joined the 34th Division, 135th Infantry; National Guard (00:09:32)  Many of the men in that division were put back onto active duty  Hallberg and the other RP’s had to go in to put the unit up to full strength The unit he was joining was friendly and easy to become acquainted with In Fort Dix, was doing training similar to basic training in Texas (00:11:40)  M-1 Rifles, Browning Automatic Rifles, and machine guns  Browning automatic was very heavy  Only trained in small arms, no mortars Sometimes would send whole groups or fractions to do certain types of training (00:12:35)  At the time, the army did not know how to train soldiers for certain conditions  When Hallberg’s unit was sent to North Africa, it was very strange  No special training Went to New York for his honeymoon, had married at that time (00:13:30)  Given four days, the hotel room cost four dollars  Hallberg’s wife stayed only for those few days before going back, couldn’t stay on the base �Europe (00:16:25) A few days later, Hallberg was given orders to be sent out, April of 1942  Ship out on the “Aquitania,” went through the Northern Atlantic  Took the top bunk, bottom bunks were reserved for the men who got sea-sick  Had 4,200 men on the ship, converted ocean-liner, British ship  Sailed with one of the largest convoys, seas were rough  U-boats would skim in and out between the ships (00:18:00)  The seas were high throughout the trip, took about 14 or 15 days  Would train with weapons, tried to keep in shape (00:19:22)  Given two meals a day, ate British food Algeria (00:20:00) Landed in Northern Ireland, formed groups to go on missions to patrol Ulster disguised as sailors on an American Raider  on board cruiser HMS Sheffield, all men wore sailor suits, disguised as British sailors Northern Ireland, landed in April, stayed in a city outside of Belfast (00:21:11) When arriving, was invited by a pro-golf player to play golf, went every day they could to the country club (00:21:27) Hallberg did training when he wasn’t golfing When first arriving, men were split into groups of 600 men (00:22:40)  Was never told why he was chosen to do ranger duty  Didn’t know his mission, knew there would be an invasion in Algeria  Two of the destroyers had a special-built bows designed to break into the barriers around the port �Put on Destroyers at Gibraltar, put back into their military uniform (00:24:05)  Was given his mission and objective then [they were supposed to sail into the harbor at Algiers and seize control of it so that the rest of the fleet could sail in]  If they were given a signal by the Destroyers, they would have to pull back  The signal was given because one of the Destroyers had exploded Began fighting halfway back to the ships, SOS (00:25:25) Was on the “Malcolm,” Hallberg had been the first to step on shore (00:25:58)  Destroyers went right up to the docks, no smaller transport boats  Was planned this way  Went to the area they were supposed to capture, no one was there  Ships were being shot at as they went in, not at the people  Wasn’t told whether or not the French would fight (00:27:20)  Knew groups would be coming in from the east and west, but didn’t know who they were  Never got back to the boat  Put up enough fire to make the enemy soldiers believe they had artillery Captured (00:28:33) Fought nine hours before Hallberg’s group surrendered  Colonel decided this  Hallberg’s group was taken up to the prison  Made of stone and brick, old-fashioned  Most of Hallberg’s group was captured (about 600 men)  Put into housing developments, floors were mosaic and ice-cold  Hallberg got strep throat in November, British medical officer tended to him; took four days to recover � Only had jackets and blankets, no equipment  Were treated okay by their French captors, who soon became allies Division put him on MP duty (00:31:16)  Drove around in jeeps, patrolling and checking in case of trouble with the French  Made sure his group behaved  Couldn’t go to certain places, especially Casbah  Spent about five weeks on this duty Headed out east towards Tunisia (00:33:15)  Very dry, desert-like terrain; in winter it snowed hard  Lots of mud and rain, slept where they could  Four weeks of traveling Captured a few Germans, most surrendered (00:34:44)  First advance dealt with capturing prisoners Kasserine Pass (00:35:28) Sent to Kasserine Pass  First fight was a night attack, a lot of men were killed  Battalion Commander had been a prisoner before the war; was a kind man and good soldier; injured by fall into a grenade ditch  Hallberg was injured in this battle, as well  Couldn’t see much, only saw the enemy in the distance  The Germans were tough soldiers �The Army wasn’t prepared to fight this war (00:37:45)  Didn’t know how to prepare soldiers for fighting  Not well trained  Had only 10 American Tanks and the rest were British Hallberg was injured by walking out into a smokescreen, put there by the Americans, and falling 10 or 12 feet (00:39:33)  Broke four spinous processes in his vertebrae  Couldn’t get an operation, but it wasn’t bad enough to affect his walking  Was sent to the rear  Sent to Oran in a hospital ship  Went on a Weapons Carrier to Tunis, had been in the hospital for two months  Weapons Carrier- a six wheeled vehicle that carries six men with machine guns or small weapons, fairly small vehicle, open top The fighting in Tunisia was just finishing (00:42:50)  Hallberg’s first job was to direct traffic  British and French soldiers there The British were known for brewing tea in the middle of battle (00:43:38)  During battle, the British and Americans cooperated well together Wasn’t assigned a job to deal with surrendering German soldiers (00:45:00) Salerno and Anzio (00:45:34) Prepare for the landing in Salerno by training in Infantry Landing Craft [LCIs]  Given instructions, didn’t go along as a combat soldier  Worked in the kitchen at the HQ, cooked mostly for the personnel Was in one of the firsts waves to land on Salerno, Italy; September 1943 (00:47:36) �It was a bit frightening, went down the sides of the landing craft (LCI), not on a platform (00:48:50)  Doesn’t recall the event very well, just remembers getting off quickly  Headed out to his designated point, kept moving  Germans just heading out Recalls Anzio very clearly (00:50:45)  Had to sleep in dug-outs, stuck out there with nothing  Called for support from the Navy and they shot Big Berthas from an LCI, son of the editor of a newspaper in Hallberg’s hometown was the Commander of the ship  Big Berthas are able to be shot from 20 miles away Between Salerno and Anzio, 34th Division was caught up in quite a bit of the fighting (00:52:10)  A fight in Cassino Hallberg believes that if they had kept going into Rome, it would have been beneficial (00:53:15) The area of Anzio looks quite a bit like Michigan, landed on a beach (00:54:05)  Everyone had to dig in  Americans built an air strip right away  Ran pursuit ships after the Germans Still had a job in the kitchens (00:54:45) Germans would fire every once in a while, but not often (00:54:57)  Germans mainly did air attacks Last day of the War, outside of Bologna, Germans dropped anti-personnel bombs, killed 129 men (00:55:35) Was in Anzio for a couple of months, at most (00:56:15) �Como, Italy was Hallberg’s Division’s last objective (00:56:31) Met a lot of Italian civilians (00:56:43)  Once gave the civilians meat, hadn’t seen it in a long time  Isn’t sure if Italian civilians helped the Americans Stayed away from buildings, slept in tents or in the open (00:57:57) Didn’t stay in touch with people he was in previously, L-Company, 135th (00:58:30)  Was with the Division Headquarters Company  Mark Clark was his Army Commander in the 34th [in Italy] General Patton in Africa (00:59:27)  Fined people for not wearing a part of their uniform  Never had to see his speeches; whenever Hallberg saw him, he wasn’t in a military uniform  An arrogant man Worked for the Division’s Post Office along with his kitchen duties (01:01:35)  The Division had a lot of men  They would send out money and letters often  Had to censor the mail, same as they do today  Had two Japanese-American regiments [battalions]- had the most beautiful handwriting ever; very good fighters Takahashi- one of the Japanese-American soldiers would often speak with Hallberg (01:03:11)  Was treated poorly in America but was respected when fighting the War in Europe  Japanese-American soldiers were excellent soldiers and were wanted by most  Takahashi would talk about internment camps, but was proud of being in the Army �In Algiers, Hallberg was in a foxhole when a mortar shell landed near him, undetonated; he ran as fast as he could away from it (01:05:05) Lake Como, Germans surrender in Italy (01:06:05)  Hallberg saw the executed bodies of Mussolini and his mistress Petacci  The crowd was vehement towards them  Didn’t have to deal with German prisoners, went to Rome Returning Home (01:07:30) In Rome for three weeks, sent to Naples  Hallberg had 39 [89?] points because he was there for so long  Were building B-17’s, with bucket seats, to send men home  Naples to Dakar to Brazil  Got on a new DC-3, flew to the U.S  Discharged from Indiantown Camp (01:09:10)  Was the first time he ever flew an airplane; man from Michigan was flying the plane, attended Hallberg’s high school Went back to work for Norge but they had to lay people off due to financial troubles (01:10:11)  Was laid off because he wanted another man with five kids to keep his job  Went to work for another place and retired from there after 35 years Received a Soldier’s Bonus, and bought a lot to build his house (01:11:20)  Sold the lot to buy another house, received money from a friend, $13,500  Took 16 years to pay it off, was married then �Mrs. Hallberg (01:14:30) Hallberg was the same guy after the War, being a soldier is not the job he would ever want to keep  Had been with the same men for most of the War, 18 men from his hometown  His wife worked while he was fighting Did secretarial work, then went with her family to work at a shop inspecting 40mm shell cases (worked 10 hour days, the people went on strike), left the job to work at the office for GM (General Motors) Hallberg had been gone for 42 months; she kept working when he came back Would watch the newsreels at the theater, wanted to see if her husband was in them The other women were very kind; when Hallberg was in Fort Worth, his wife drove with four other women to visit (New Year’s Eve); also visited him at Fort Dix The Hallbergs formed lasting friendships during the War with those people � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hallberg, James (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hallberg, James Description An account of the resource Jim Hallberg of Muskegon, Michigan, was drafted into the army in October of 1941 and assigned to the 34th Division as an infantryman. He was part of the group sent directly into the harbor at Algiers to seize the port in November, 1943, and was captured by the French, who then changed sides and joined the Allies. He went on to fight at Kasserine Pass, where he was wounded. Because of his injury, he was switched to the division headquarters and stayed with them through Salerno, Cassino, Anzio and northern Italy. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-10-06 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HallbergJ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d28abb6fe1ac41fba85600b3dd595049.mp4 d48af77d5f535d94e88772fe137a84c9 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dbaeb7f4fda6a683975d135b988dbeec.pdf 56b35597f0241fcd8695ec18e1e99c8e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Robert Halle (00:01:02) Background • • • • • • • • • • Goes by Bob. (:02) Born in 1932 in Berlin, NH. (0:28) When he was ten years old, his family moved to Michigan. His parents had seven children and his father needed a better job. His father worked for Ford Motor Company. (0:28) At Berlin, his father had been an assistant Fire Chief. (:50) In Detroit, Michigan, he worked as plant protection for Ford. He also sometimes drove trucks. (:58) Next they moved to Taylor, Michigan. His mother worked for Kaiser in the cafeteria. She hadn't worked in NH. (1:24) Bob was the middle of the five boys. (1:50) His older brother was in the Merchant Marines in WWII, and then the Marines. (2:07) He knew a little bit about WWII because of his brother. (2:25) He finished elementary school and junior high in Taylor, MI. For high school he was bussed into Winstead, to Roosevelt High School. (2:34) Enlistment • • • He joined the Marine Corps Reserve at the age of seventeen, while still in high school. The Reserve gave him about $30 every few weeks. (3:00) After his junior year (1950), his reserve unit was called in for the Korean War. He recalls having a choice in the matter, and decided to go. His parents may have pressured him into going, but he is unsure. (3:25) Was in the US Marine Corps Reserve. He picked the Marines because of his older brother, whom he had admired. (4:23) Training/Deployment • Was sent to San Diego, CA for boot camp. (5:09) • After boot camp, was sent to Camp Pendleton for advanced military training. (5:21) • Traveled by train, which took about three days. (5:38) • Basic training consisted of weapons training—rifles and machine guns. (5:51) • Physical training was important as well, they had to be in shape. (6:22) • Found the training difficult. He was not a large man, and he was only seventeen. (6:31) • He felt good about the experience. (6:52) • Some of his drill instructors had served in WWII. (6:58) • Advance training was more intensive, and emphasized outdoor training such as hiking more. It also included winter training, in the California mountains. Advance training also included stimulated combat. (7:20) • The Korean War was seen as part of the “war on communism” but it was not referred to as the “Cold War” at that time. (8:02) • Training took place in California, mostly near San Diego. (8:31) • Trained from mid-August to about December. (9:09) • He was shipped to Korea in 1951, after coming home for Christmas. (9:49) �• • • • • • • • • • • His older brother was called back into service, and another brother joined the Marines as well. All three of them were home for Christmas. (10:10) He had about ten days for leave after training. Leave after training was rather common. (10:42) Next he was sent back to California, possibly for more training. He is unsure. (11:03) Arrived in Korea mid February, or early March. It was around his eighteenth birthday. (11:16) Shipped out of San Diego on a large ship. It may have been the U.S.S. Lincoln, but he is unsure. (12:03) He found the experience very moving. He was also afraid of the ocean at night. (12:21) The uncertainty of the situation was worrisome. (12:55) The ship was not joined by any others. (13:04) On deck they completed more physical training. He does not recall having any job on particular on board. (13:24) The water was rough, many of the men were seasick. (13:39) The voyage was about two weeks. Ten to fourteen days. (14:11) Arrival • • • • • • • • He was a private. (14:29) He joined a weapons company, a section of machine guns. The unit had a 30 caliber water-cooled machine gun. He was an ammo carrier. (14:35) The sections consisted of about sixteen people. (15:22) They had two heavy machine guns, five to six ammo carriers. (15:24) Landed in the southern part of Korea, near Pusan, a common port (15:45) He was assigned to a reserve unit. (16:35) they were near the 38th parallel. (16:47) Shortly after arriving, they were moved toward the North and the combat zone. (17:14) Active Duty • • • • • • • • • • • • His first combat experience was on a hill. There was a large fire-fight on a hill ahead of them. The battle took place at night. His unit's objective was to assist the other men, as they were being hit badly. There first objective was to bring the wounded back to their area. He had trained with some of the wounded men. They also brought the bodies of the dead back. (17:47) The experience was very unpleasant., especially seeing the dead men. (19:36) They used body bags for the killed men. (19:48) Korea was very warm. (19:56) He had another combat in early June. (20:24) This combat was closer, and shells were used. One of the shells landed near him. (20:43) At the time, he was relieving himself to the side of a tree. When he heard the shell, he moved behind the tree. (20:57) The tree saved his life, but he was wounded by wood shrapnel. (21:21) He got stitches, it was not a severe wound. (21:53) He was wounded around June 20th, and was back the first of July. He was only out of duty for a few weeks. (22:06) Not sure about the quality of the enemy weapons. Believes they were probably similar to what they used. (22:27) The Marines were using WWII era weapons. Although the US had higher quality �weapons than the enemy forces, in practice older weapons were used in the field. (23:13) The Chinese Troops • He came in contact with some Chinese troops in September of 1951. He was with two men in a bunker on a hill. Inside the bunker were some dead Chinese troops. North Korean troops were also in the area, although in this instance it was mostly Chinese troops. The experience was his first contact with Chinese troops. (24:00) • Many of the troops were worried about the Chinese involvement. Especially at Hill 749—the same hill he had been at the first time. He returned again for two to three days. The men in the unit they were relieving had taken many injuries. (25:10) • This time around he was the gunner, and had an assistant gunner. (26:24) • They expected an attack by the Chinese. (26:40) • They set up a perimeter, putting the machine guns at a point of defense. The machine gun was used to cover the riflemen. (26:53) • Three attacks came in the night. The Chinese used grenades, machine guns, and mortars. (27:21) • This was his first experience with such a direct attack. (27:50) Korean Troops • He worked with South Korean troops, they helped carry supplies. (28:00) • They got along with the Korean troops. (28:32) • He did not go on leave while in Korea, unless his hospital stays could be considered leave. (28:59) • He started opening the machine gun, in a hole with the assistant gunner fifteen feet away. (29:40) • As the battle accelerated, one of the men was hit in the neck. He pleaded “Please, don't me die” (29:59) • A grenade was thrown in the hole. (30:42) • He opened fire with the machine gun. They used tracers, which lit up. (30:50) Wounded/Hospital Stay • He was hit in the head and knocked out. He has a plate in his head because of the wound. (31:18) • The assistant gunner called in Dick Blassingame, who became a hero at this battle. Dick field dressed his head,and took over the gun. (31:36) • He was wounded around 1:00 AM. (32:21) • When he woke up, it was daylight. His head felt bad. He could feel the dressing on his wound. He was able to hear the voices of the men. (32:30) • He felt around near the hole, and found a dead Chinese man. (32:55) • His right side was paralyzed. He was able to see, and he yelled. He was then carried to the Aid station, then put on a helicopter (with an open side). He was conscious during the experience. Shortly after, he was sent to a hospital ship. (33:20) • He was in the Aid Center for a few hours, not very long. (34:05) • Other men in the center had worse wounds. (34:30) • He was wounded in September. (34:57) • He went from the Aid Station to a hospital in Seoul, to a hospital ship in Pusan, to a hospital in Kobe, Japan. Next, he was sent to a hospital in Hawaii for a day or two, and then he was flown into the San Francisco Oakland hospital, where he stayed for around a month. (35:02) • He was then sent home. (36:04) �• • • • • The Japanese and Korean hospital were high quality. He was not worried about them. (36:12) He needed to use a walker for a brief time, about a month and a half. (36:33) He wrote letters while in Korea, but after being wounded his bad handwriting was worsened. He had a relative in the area, who kept contact with his family. (37:20) They mostly read military newspapers in Korea. The papers were mostly on military subjects. (38:05) Doesn't recall men being worried about Russian involvement in the Korean War. (38:44) Pictures/Documents • A picture of his reserve unit he joined in July 1959. (39:24) • Picture of himself in boot camp. He is on the far right. (40:02) • Picture of his friends. (40:35) • Picture of advance training. (40:40) • Picture of him and his brothers who enlisted in the Marines. His oldest brother Fred, and his next older brother Bruce both enlisted. (40:51) • Fred trained other Marines, and himself and Bruce both served in Korea. (41:08) • A newspaper clipping on his family, notes his fathers pride in his sons. (41:25) • Picture of his family. (41:46) • Telegrams sent to his family regarding his first injury. He reported back from the first wound on June 27th, not July 1st. (41:56) • Sketch of him at the hospital. The sketch was drawn by a Korean at the hospital. (42:24) • Picture of his first Purple Heart. (42:49) • Picture of himself and his section leader, Dick Blassingame. (43:00) • Picture of the machine gun. (43:14) • Picture of his comrades. (43:20) • Picture of his section of gunners, prior to Hill 749. A result of the battle is included. Most of the men were wounded, three or four were killed, and three others were rendered unfit for combat as a result of shell shock. (43:27) • Another picture of himself and Dick, eating dinner with Liz Taylor. The picture is in a book (We Claim the Title) about the Korean War. His name is misspelled as “Holly” (44:35) • He was close friends with Dick, who called him “Buddy” or “Buddy Holly.” The book author had interviewed Dick, and Dick had given him the incorrect spelling. (45:27) • He left the hill in September of 1951. He heard about the book in the nineties. (46:11) • He bought the book, and read it on a trip with his wife. He found the book very moving. He called the publishing company, then the author, and was able to get in touch with Dick again. (47:05) • Talked with Dick over the phone, it was very emotional for him. They met again in 2000, and again a month or so ago. (48:60) • An article in the paper about his head wound. (48:38) • Newsletter about Hill 749. Many men were killed. (48:45) • Telegrams related to his second wound. He had been hit in the left side of the head. (49:53) • The Lieutenant sent a letter full of praise to his parents, and also mentioned Blasongsame. (50:13) • Picture of his second Purple Heart. (51:10) • Picture of himself in the hospital. (51:17) �• • • • • • • • • • • • • He was in a wheelchair for a bit after he wound. (51:29) He was discharged in January, and went back to school. (15:58) He had the plate put in at Grey's Hospital in Detroit. (52:25) Blassingame had earned the Navy Cross. He had maintained perfect gun control, rendered First Aid, and had supervised the troops. (52:50) Picture of assistant gunner Bob Dilquist, who was not at Hill 749. (53:46) His discharge papers. He had served seven months in Korea, and two years in the Marine Corps. (54:25) Picture of himself and Blassingame when they met again in 1994. Dick remembered him fondly. The picture is near a church in California. Dick had been worried about his head injury causing brain damage. (54:48) Picture of his family, wife and eldest daughter. (56:12) He and his wife climbed Macchu Picchu. He had had knee replacement surgery recently. (56:23) Picture of his daughters Michelle, and Danette (56:47) Picture of his son Rob, his wife and three sons. (56:57) Picture of Michelle again. (57:03) Family picture in Dominican Republic, Spring of 2007. He has three children and eight grandchildren. (57:10) Post-War Life • He went back to Michigan after the war. He had been discharged for medical reasons. (57:53) • He graduated high school in 1953. Then he went to college at Eastern Michigan. Earned his bachelors degree in 1957, and began teaching in Dearborn. (58:09) • Earned his master's degree in 1959. (58:38) • Taught elementary school for three years. (58:40) • Became a “supervising teacher: at Eastern Michigan University. He trained student teachers. (58:53) • Married 1961. He was a principal for a year in Homer, MI and then again in Royal Oak for eight years. (59:33) • Spent three years as an assistant superintendent in Constance. (59:51) • Worked on his PhD at MSU. He was superintendent for four years. Then he was a superintendent at Kent City for eight years. He then worked at Jackson, MI for eight years and retired 1994. (1:00:00) • The possibility of a draft for the current war is very controversial, but he is opposed to it. He thinks the main reason that it has not been used it because the administration has outsourced military activity to corporations, such as Blackwater. (1:02) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Halle, Robert A. (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Halle, Robert A. Description An account of the resource Robert Halle served in the Marine Corps during the Korean War. Robert and Bruce both served in Korea. Robert enlisted in the Marine Reserves at the age of seventeen, and was called to active duty during his junior year of high school. He trained in California. He served for seven months, and was wounded twice. One of these wounds was a minor shrapnel wound, the other was a significant wound on the left side of his head. Robert discusses at length his experience at Hill 749, praises his friend and section leader Dick Blassingame, and discusses his lifelong post-war career in education. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McCauslin, Kelly (Interviewer) Spring Lake District Library (Spring Lake, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Marine Corps Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-01-31 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HalleR Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0c3c47a3c1c806fb9b59cdd2c5760a93.mp3 52deb69c62fa6b487bb50b5dbd5dc20f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XIV Scripture Text Genesis 2:3, Mark 2:27 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19930905 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-09-05 Title A name given to the resource Hallowed Time That Hallows Time Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on September 5, 1993 entitled "Hallowed Time That Hallows Time", on the occasion of Pentecost XIV, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Genesis 2:3, Mark 2:27. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/99fbdfcde418295ecfd8249710529485.pdf 838becb2ec2e67512711a407bec8a357 PDF Text Text ' ' ,,wt£i2 ffl1,,, ' ~" ,s ' ,'\}: , }•~~ ''\t\,... }; ' ' HAMBURG TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN �,,, FROM THE LIBRARY OF '.Planning & Zoning Center, Inc. This region, now a favorite resting place of the tired dweller of the city was, less than a hundred years ago, the summer playground and source of food supply of the Pottowattomie Indians. It is rich in Indian tradition . It was here that the red men came during the warm months to hunt and fish and gather the bountiful harvest of wild berries and fruits. Their lodges were pitched each year on the high and broad plateau that reaches back from the southern shore of Strawberry Lake. From this central location the braves ranged forest and stream while the squaws performed the routine labor of the vi IIage. Over the hi Ils to the north lay the territory of the Saginaw Chippewas. Sometimes bands from this tribe would cross the divide and come down across the Huron to be received with becoming dignity by the Pottowattomie chiefs at Strawberry Point. Here too, in the earlier days, came couriers from the white governors at Fort Ponchartrain, now Detroit, to be heard at the council fire of the Pottowattomies and courier-de-bois to trade for Indian peltry. Little wonder that a land once the delight of the children of the forest, still retaining its primeval beauty, should appeal with insistent call to their white successors. Hamburg Township area as described in the Valley of a Thousand Lakes written in 1922 by Chas. A. Ward HAMBURG TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN Adopted by the Hamburg Township Planning Commission July I I, 1979 Approved by the Hamburg Township Board November 26, 1979 and Livingston County Planning Commission September 19, 1979 Prepared by the Hamburg Township Planning Commission and Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May, Inc. Engineers - Architects - Planners Ann Arbor, Michigan �HAMBURG TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS Township Board Planning Commission James De Wolf, Supervisor Buhl Burton, Chairman Martha Parrish, Clerk Vincent Vis, Vice-Chairman Cathryn Jezowski, Treasurer Howard Knop William Backlund, Trustee Duane Bethke Richard Sandula, Trustee James DeWolf Frank Vosmik, Trustee John Haberkorn Henry Wuckert, Trustee Robert Kennedy Frank Borik (retired) Donald Weed (retired) Consultants Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May, Inc. Engineers - Architects - Planners 3983 Research Park Drive Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 �TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE Hamburg Township Officials List of Maps and Figures INTRODUCTION I- 7 Purpose Master Plan Summary Community Goals Background Studies Master Plan COMMUNITY GOALS BACKGROUND STUDIES 2 2 2 3 8-9 10 - 46 Growth and Settlement Historical Perspective Regional Context Existing Land Use 10 10 II II Population and Economy Population Economy 17 17 21 Community Facilities and Services Schools Parks and Recreation Government Facilities Police and Fire Service Water, Wastewater, Solid Waste, and Utilities Roads 23 23 25 27 28 30 31 �TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) TITLE Natural Resource Inventory and Capability Soils Topography and Relief Water Resources Sensitive Environmental Features Natural Resource Development Capability MASTER PLAN PAGE 36 36 38 40 42 44 47 - 71 Planning Approach 47 Community Facilities and Transportation Improvements Plan Schools Parks and Recreation Government Facilities Police and Fire Service Water, Wastewater, and Sol id Waste Transportation Improvements Implementation Recommendations 48 48 Land Use Plan Location Standards Planning Strategies Natural Resource Strategies Implementation Recommendations APPENDIX 50 52 52 53 55 57 59 59 61 66 69 �List of Mops md Figures Map I Existing Land Use Map 2 Natural Resource Capability Map 3 Community Facilities and Transportation Plan Map 4 Land Use Plan Figures Figure I Regional Location Figure 2 Population Trends Figure 3 Population by Age Group Figure 4 School Districts Within Hamhurg Township Figure 5 Typical Road Standards Figure 6 Primary and Local Hard Top Roadways Figure 7 Typical Township Cross-Section Figure 8 Natural Resources Capability Process Figure 9 Proposed Land Use Figure 10 Proposed Residential Land Use by Planning Area �Introduction �PURPOSE The population of Hamburg Township has doubled since the adoption of the first Township Master Plan in 1967. Therefore, a revised plan reflecting changing conditions was needed to provide guidance to Township decisions regarding future development. In June of 1978, the Planning Commission initiated the preparation of a revised Master Plan for Hamburg Township. The Master Plan represents the combined efforts of the Hamburg Township Board of Trustees and Planning Commission, Township staff, citizens and Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May, Inc., consultants in planning, engineering and architecture. The Township derives its authority for the preparation of a Master Plan from the Township Planning Act, P.A. 168 of 1959 Section 6 of the Act states: The planning commission shall make and adopt a basic plan as a guide for the development of unincorporated portions of the township. As a basis for the plan, the planning commission is hereby empowered to (I) make inquiries, investigations and surveys of all the resources of the township and (2) assemble and analyze data and formulate plans for the proper conservation and uses of all resources, including a determination of the extent of probable future need for the most advantageous designation of lands having various use potentials and for services, facilities and utilities required to equip such lands. It is important to note that the Master Plan and accompanying maps do not replace other Township Ordinances, specifically the Zoning Ordinance and Map. Zoning is only one of the many legal devices used to implement the Master Plan. Many policies contained in the Master Plan will not be implementable merely through the use of zoning. For example, public actions such as water and sewer development, future park sites and school locations, transportation improvements and other civic improvements cannot be dealt with through zoning. The Master Plan attempts to coordinate public improvements and private developments, a task unattainable with zoning. The Plan also establishes development policy guidelines to be implemented not only by zoning, but subdivision regulations, building codes, health codes, and other legal devices. �MASTER PLAN SUMMARY The process followed in developing the Master Plan consisted of three phases: - Identification of Community Goals - Preparation of Background Studies - Development of the Master Plan These phases also represent the organization of this document. Although the findings of each phase are thoroughly detailed in this document, the more significant findings are summarized here. COMMUNITY GOALS A key element in the preparation of the Master Plan is the identification of community goals which reflect the community's desires regarding the development of the Township. Community goals, combined with the technical studies conducted in conjunction with this plan, serve as the foundation upon which the Master Plan is built. In return, the Master Plan is formulated to provide guidance and direction towards the achievement of Township goals. Eleven community goals regarding the future development of Hamburg Township were identified by the Planning Commission. BACKGROUND STUDIES A number of studies were conducted to determine existing conditions in Hamburg Township. Existing Land Use was inventoried and mapped to establish types and patterns of land use. Population was evaluated to determine numbers and trends, characteristics, and projections. The local Economy was evaluated in terms of tax base and employment trends. Community Facilities and Services, those buildings, land, equipment and activities owned and operated by the public or by the private sector for the benefit of the community, were inventoried and their adequacy assessed. Natural Resources Inventory and Capability involved soils, topography and relief, water resources, and environmental features. Using the information obtained in the natural resource inventory, criteria were established for various resource factors to determine which lands are capable of supporting development. 2 �MASTER PLAN PLANNING APPROACH The Master Plan emphasizes the proper use and management of the Township's natural and man-made resources in an effort to maintain and improve the quality of life for residents. Thus, the plan is based highly upon community goals, existing land use patterns, and the capability of the natural resource base and community facilities and services to accommodate future development. A 1990 population of 12,102 and a 2000 population of 17,566 is used as a guideline for future population growth. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS PLAN As Hamburg Township continues to grow and the characteristics of the population changes, the demand for improved facilities and services will increase. Planning for the proper location of community facilities will lead toward the most efficient use of tax dollars and delivery of services. Section 10 of the Township Planning Act, P.A. 168 of 1959, states that upon an adoption of a plan, the Planning Commission shall have the authority to approve the location, character and extent of any street, square, park or other pub I ic way, ground or open space, or public building or structure proposed to be located within the Township. It is recommended that the Township initiate the preparation of a Capital Improvements Program to promote the orderly planning and financing of Township community facilities. Schools: Although the responsibility for schools lies with local school boards, the Master Plan can provide guidance by illustrating the relationship between future land use patterns and population distribution and the location and sizing of school facilities. Annual meetings between School Boards and the Township Planning Commission should be scheduled to discuss Township growth patterns and the impact on school facilities. 3 �Police and Fire Service: The continuing influx of high value residential, commercial and industrial development into Hamburg Township will increase the demand for more police and fire protection. The Township Board should consider creating a Public Safety Committee to review police and fire protection needs. Alternatives for increased police protection should be explored. The addition of a full-time Fire Chief and a fire substation in the western portion of the Township should be considered. Water, Wastewater and Solid Waste: Due to the availability of groundwater resources, the need for public water supply is not critical in the near future. The provision of public sewers appears to be a more pressing concern in certain areas of the Township. Existing population densities, natural resource conditions and land use in the Upper and Lower Lakes and Hamburg Areas warrant another means of wastewater disposal than the current on-site septic systems. The construction of the solid waste transfer station at Merrill Field will handle Township needs. However, Township participation in County solid waste management planning is vital. Parks and Recreation: Merrill Field has the potential for development as a complete community recreation facility. Plans call for additional softball diamonds, restrooms, parking, tennis courts, picnic areas, trai Is and nature areas. The trail proposed by DNR along the abandoned G.T.W. railroad bed could offer tremendous recreation potential, but concerns of the security of residents must be considered. The Township should only support the development of this trail for non-motorized activity. Government Facilities: The existing Township offices present many problems due to inadequate office and meeting space, sanitary facilities and parking. As the Township continues to grow the need for a new Township Hall will become increasingly apparent. In addition to development as a community park, Merrill Field would provide an ideal site for a Township Center. Development of a Township Center would consolidate a number of community activities at one location, thereby serving as a focal point for Township activities in much the same manner as the existing Township facilities function. 4 �Transportation Improvements: The purpose of the Township road network is to provide for the safe and efficient movement of people and goods within and through the Township. Adequate roads are essential to the conduct of commerce and daily human activities. M-36 is the highest priority for improvement. Although a comprehensive widening and improvement program of M-36 is viewed as justified by Township officials, the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation has no such plans. Several incremental changes could be made to improve conditions: Construction of a bypass to alleviate pressure on the stretch of M-36 from the flashing light north of Hamburg Village past the commercial strip to where the curve is intersected by Hamburg Road. In lieu of the costly construction of a bypass, reconstruction of the Hamburg Road intersection to provide for a three-way stop. Reconstruction of the Merrill Road intersection and road bank removal to provide for better sight distance and safer access to Merrill Road. Construction of turning lanes at the Chilson Road, Kress Road, Pettysville Road and McGregor Road. Construction of a service drive at the rear of M-36 businesses near Hamburg Village. Other road improvements include Merrill Road, Bishop Lake Road and portions of Chilson, Hamburg, Pettysville and Strawberry Lake Roads. LAND USE PLAN The Land Use Plan serves to translate Community Goals into a narrative and graphic illustration. It is based largely upon existing land use patterns, natural resource capability and adequacy of community facilities and services. The Land Use Plan Map is not intended to serve as a Zoning Map nor dictate the use of individual parcels of property. Rather, it is to be used as a generalized guide to the location of growth and development. 5 �Location Standards: Location standards for each major type of land use were used in developing the Land Use Plan. Low density rural residential is planned for land areas least capable of supporting development, difficult to serve with community facilities, or reserved for residential development beyond the year 2000. Medium density residential is intended for areas including and adjacent to existing medium density residential areas and certain undeveloped land areas which are least capable of supporting development at higher densities. High density and multiple family residential is intended for areas including and adjacent to existing high density residential areas, capable of supporting development at higher densities, and in close proximity to community facilities and service, transportation routes and commercial areas. Natural river residential is located within the Huron Natural River District. Commercial areas are intended to maintain and, in certain cases, expand existing commercial areas where population densities dictate. Industrial areas are contained to the larger existing industrial areas. These areas are relatively isolated from residential areas and can be served with community facilities and services. Planning Strategies: The amount of land allocated to the various categories of residential land use wi 11 be a key determinant of future population. The extent of residential land use proposed by Land Use Plan will provide for a population of approximately 17,566 by the year 2000, as projected by SEMCOG Alternative Six. The Land Use Plan allows for the concentration of development in areas with a capable resource base and adequate community facilities and the reduction of densities in areas not capable of supporting development. A vigilant policy of concentrating growth in the appropriate areas will lead towards easing developmental pressures in areas which are not capable of supporting development or should be preserved for very low density development. The Hamburg Village Area has historically been a center of governmental, social and commercial activity. It is the area of closest proximity to U.S. 23 and the metropolitan Detroit area. Further, the Village has a large proportion of land capable of supporting development. The Land Use Plan calls for the continuation and enhancement of Hamburg Village Area as the primary center of community activity. 6 �The Lower Lakes Area and the Upper Lakes Area wi II continue largely as residential areas very closely tied to lake waterfronts. To minimize pressures on the lakes, overall residential densities should be kept as low as possible. Currently undeveloped areas which are not capable of supporting development are designated as low density rural residential and reserve. Concentrations of medium density residential, commercial and public land uses will enhance the Rush Lake Area as a secondary center of community activity. The proximity to schools and the Village of Pinckney coupled with a capable resource base makes the area attractive for more residential development. Within the State Lands Area, the Land Use Plan designates privately owned lands as low density rural residential and reserve. The proximity to the Brighton State Recreation Area and the lack of accessibility to community facilities and services make the area inappropriate for any higher density development now and well into the future. Natural Resource Strategies: The Master Plan must address the quality as well as the quantity of land use within the Township. A commitment to protection of Township resources will require the adoption of policies directed toward the specific resource problem including drainage, floodplains, surface and groundwater quality, and natural topography and vegetation. Resource protection regulations can be incorporated in subdivision, zoning and other special purpose regulations. Implementation Recommendation: One of the principle means of implementing the Land Use Plan is through the Township Zoning Ordinance. The present ordinance adopted in 1968 should be reviewed so that it conforms to the basic proposals of the Plan. To encourage more creative design, preservation of open space, and mixed use of a site, a planned unit development (PUD) option should be incorporated in the Zoning Ordinance. A more detailed site plan review process has been incorporated into the Township Zoning Ordinance. Site plan review can be instrumental in implementing the goals of this Plan. 7 �Community Goals �COMMUNITY GOALS A key element in the preparation of the Master Plan is the identification of community goals which reflect the community's desires regarding the development of the Township. Community goals, combined with the technical studies conducted in conjunction with this plan, serve as the foundation upon which the Master Plan is built. In return, the Master Plan is formulated to provide guidance and direction towards the achievement of Township goals. The following community goals for Hamburg Township were identified by the Planning Commission: I. To protect and promote the health, safety, comfort, convenience and general welfare of the public. 2. To make planning a local community effort to control the Township's own destiny, rather than submitting to county, regional or state control. 3. To cooperate with public school officials in planning the number and location of schools and playgrounds. 4. To ensure the ease of movement for people and goods. 5. To assign all future development to those areas most suited for that type of development. 6. To maintain the present low density residential character of the community in harmony with the unique environmental requirements of the Township. 7. To achieve well planned, safe, balanced and pleasant residential environments. 8. To protect, preserve, and enhance whenever possible the unique and desirable natural amenities of Hamburg Township. 8 �9. To meet all state and federal requirements pertaining to water and wastewater treatments, distribution and collection. 10. To establish a sound commercial economic base through preservation and enhancement of business districts in the Hamburg, Buck Lake, Rush Lake, and Lakeland areas. 11. To provide opportunity for industrial growth where it will least conflict with surrounding land use. 9 �Background Studies �GROWTH AND SETTLEMENT HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The attractiveness of Hamburg Township as a place of residence and recreation is not a rec_e nt phenomenon. As illustrated by the cover page quote from the Valley of a Thousand Lakes, Hamburg Township provided hunting, fishing and recreational grounds for the Pottowattomie Indians. The first white settler to the Hamburg area was Jesse Hall who purchased Section 25 from the United States government in 1831 and bui It a cabin in the northeast quarter section. This was the beginning of the settlement of Hamburg Village. By 1835, property owners established the organization of the Township and elected the first Township officials. Due to the availability of inexpensive farm land, Hamburg thrived as an agricultural community throughout the 19th century. However, except for a brief resurgence during the Depression, agricultural activities declined in the 20th century. In the latter part of the 19th century, Livingston County began ta be recognized as a recreational haven for Detroit and Ann Arbor residents, thereby establishing a trend that remains today. Prior to 1900, the sole occupants of Zukey Lake were the Ann Arbor Sporting Club and the Oak Grove Club, both private hunting and fishing clubs. The improvement of county and state roads, and the completion of the Ann Arbor Railroad through Hamburg Township, opened the lakes to more summer visitors by the early 20th century. Lakeland, located in the heart of the lakes region, emerged as a "port of entry" to the lakes upon completion of its railroad station. The Great Depression and World War II slowed the development of Hamburg Township as a recreational community. The transformation of Hamburg Township from a seasonal recreational to a permanent residential environment occurred largely after World War II with the conversion of cottages to year-round residences. 10 �REGIONAL CONTEXT Today, Hamburg Township lies within one of the fastest growing areas in Michigan. The urbanization of Livingston County is part of the trend of outward migration from the Detroit Metropolitan area. Ann Arbor, Suburban Wayne and Oakland Counties and Detroit are within commuting distance from Hamburg Township. Figure I illustrates the regional location of Hamburg Township. A number of factors can be cited for growth in the southeastern Livingston County area: The completion of Interstate 96 and U.S. 23 increasing accessibility from Hamburg Township to the major places of employment in the metropolitan region. The availability of relatively inexpensive large tracts of land suitable for subdivision development. The desire of people for a rural atmosphere. The attractiveness of lakefront or rural estate homesites. EXISTING LAND USE TYPE AND EXTENT An inventory of existing land use was conducted using current aerial photographs verified by field observation. Existing land uses presented in Map I were classified in the following categories ,and the extent of their acreage determined: Low and medium density residential includes all lands where single family residences are located at a density of one dwelling unit per one to two acres. This is currently the most extensively developed use of land in the Township comprising 3,820 acres. II �r-··- · - ·- · LIVI ••UI>~TOH C,6. ~ .--....;I~ I I L __ ~ U.S. /eeGION MAP F igure I 12 �. it' ··-·-·-·-·! i i Q t0 L---·-·-·-· -·-·w·-·-·-·-·-·-i ao.--·-·-·-· ·-·-·-·-·-··-·-·-·-·-·-·-· i i !I !•••••••••-I i i Brighton State Recreation Are ■ j i i ! ;·-·I I i i a, f i i ! i i i i i -·-···-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-· ! Map 1 END LOW & MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDE:NTIAL PUBLIC & SEMI- PUBLIC HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AGRICULTURAL & VACANT COMMERCIAL RECREATION & CONSERVATION STATE INDUSTRIAL RECREATION & CONSERVATION REGIONAL-LOCAL EXISTING LAND USE HAMBURG TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN 4 AYRES. LEWIS, NORRIS & ...,,,,, Et«MNEERS AACHrT'ECT8 MAY. NC. PLAMeAS �High density residential includes all lands where single family residences are located at a density of two to four dwelling units per acre. Medium and high density residential comprises 1,880 acres. Commercial includes all land and buildings where products, goods or services are sold. Commercial uses comprise 210 acres. Industrial includes all lands and buildings devoted to manufacturing, processing, warehousing, and storage. Industrial uses comprise 160 acres. Public and Semi-Public includes all lands and buildings devoted to governmental facilities, schools, churches and cemeteries, except recreation which is separately classified. These uses comprise 165 acres. State Recreation and Conservation includes all Brighton State Recreation lands within the Township. State lands comprise 3,840 acres. Local Recreation and Conservation includes Township owned and leased recreational lands as wel I as privately owned recreation lands. Local recreation lands comprise 365 acres. Agricultural and Vacant includes lands actively used for agricultural purposes and lands not currently put to any active use. These lands comprise I0,075 acres. Water includes major water bodies and comprise 2,525 acres. PATTERNS Land use patterns in existence today were largely established during the first thirty years of this century with the proliferation of cottage construction from Ore Lake to Portage and Baseline Lakes. The greatest concentrations of medium and high density residential uses are surrounding the lakes. Much of this development is located in subdivisions originally platted as recreational lots, thirty to forty feet wide. The conversion of seasonal cottages to year round residences has resulted in a more intensive use of land than was originally intended. 14 �In recent years low density residential subdivison activity has increased in the non-lake areas of the Township due to the lack of avai I able lakefront property and the desire of people to live on larger tracts of land. Further, more stringent health regulations have required larger lots to permit the use of on-site waste disposal. The predominance of state-owned lands in the northern one-third of the Township has prevented the growth of residential development. The State lands serve as a buffer between the expanding Brighton area and Hamburg. Commercial uses are largely located in Hamburg Village and north of the Village on M-36. Smaller clusters of commercial activities can be found on M-36 near Buck Lake and Lakeland and on Pettysville Road in Pettysville. Industrial uses are predominantly confined to the area in close proximity to M-36 near Hamburg Village. NEIGHBORING LAND USE Land use patterns and decisions in Hamburg Township and neighboring units of government have a degree of influence on one another. Land use in Township areas surrounding Hamburg is predominantly low density residential, recreational, agricultural, and vacant. The City of Brighton, bordering the northeast corner of Hamburg Township, represents the most urbanized neighbor. Hamburg's relationship with its neighbors will be closely tied to land use activities along the major growth corridors linking Hamburg Township with neighboring units. These corridors include M-36 West to Putnam Township, M-36 east to Green Oak Township, and Brighton Road north to the City of Brighton. All units of government should carefully weigh the impact on their neighbors of land use decision within the major growth corridors. 15 �CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY Evidence of the proliferation of single-family construction is provided by a review of building permit activities. From 1973 to 1979, the Township Building Department · issued 1,232 bui (ding permits for single-family homes valued at $50,247,679. This compares to 31 permits for commercial structures valued at $1,227,644, 9 permits for industrial structures valued at $824,927, and 944 permits for residential alterations valued at $4,576,739. The substantial number of permits issued for alterations perhaps indicates that the process of converting summer cottages is continued. The average value of single family construction permits has risen steadily since 1972. A complete table of Township Building Permit activity is located in the Appendix. so 45 40 7.3 74 75 7b 77 78 1r ,4//e~e:,e V4L...U8jt-OP pew R~b!OeJ./77.JL W!W/1./G PE/<Mff6 ;t. irt 16 ffloo<Sctl1d6 �POPULATION AND ECONOMY POPULATION TRENDS The growth in population in Hamburg Township, as well as many of the surrounding Townships, has been substantial since 1950 as shown in Figure 2. The growth rate from 1950-1975 for Hamburg Township hos consistently been greater than the total growth rate for Livingston County. The special census conducted in 1976 indicated Hamburg Township had 7,541 people, ranking it third in population among all Livingston County municipalities. •5,4YI • '7✓ 54/ CHARACTERISTICS A review of the general characteristics of the population is important to assist in determining future land use and community facility and service needs. The following is a summarization of general population characteristics of Hamburg Township compiled by the U.S. Bureau of the Census: I. The 1976 Special Census indicated that of a total population of 7,541, 3,870 or 51.3% were males and 3,671 or 48. 7% were female. Of the total population, non-white residents numbered I07 or 1.4%. 2. The distribution of population by age for 1970 and 1976 is shown in Figure 3. While the distribution of population for each major group (pre-school, school age, etc.) remained fairly constant from 1970 to 1976, closer examination of the more specific age groups reveals some shifts in age distribution. In 1976, the age groups of under 5 years, 5-9 years, and I 0-14 years, showed a decrease. The age groups of 15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-34 years, and 35-44 years all increased, with the greatest proportional increase in the 25-34 and 35-44 age groups. Al I age groups 45 years of age and older either declined in population or remained stable. 17 /q50 /qbo 1970 1976 PtJFtJLAnON "J1<ENO CMAKr �Figure 2 POPULATION TRENDS Hamburg Township and Surrounding Areas, 1950 - 1975* % Change % Change 1960 50-60 1970 60-70 1975 Estimate % Change 1950 HAMBURG TOWNSHIP I, 713 3,189 86.0 5,481 71. 9 7,325 33.6 7,541 City of Brighton 1,861 2,282 22.6 2,457 7.7 3,241 31. 9 3,437 Brighton Township 1,645 2,875 74.7 5,882 104.6 8,109 37.9 8,396 Genoa Township 1,066 2,402 125.3 4,800 99.8 6,503 35 5 7,229 Green Oak Township 1,837 4,631 152.1 7,598 64.1 9,651 27.0 NA 26,725 38,233 43.1 58,967 54.2 77,859 32.0 NA Livingston County NA - Not Avai Iable Source - U.S. Bureau of Census 18 70--75 1976-1977 Spec ia I Census �Figure 3 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP 1970 and 1976 1970 Population Percent of Total 1976 Population Percent of Total Group Aqe Pre-school Under 5 yrs 475 8.7 613 8.1 615 649 469 11. 2 School Age 5-9 10-14 15-19 II. 8 8.6 729 839 691 9.7 II . I 9. 2 5-!9 I, 733 31.6 2,259 30.0 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 382 776 589 633 524 7.0 14.2 10.7 11. 5 9.6 537 1,326 914 794 616 7. I 17.6 12.1 10.5 8.2 20 64 2,904 53.0 4,187 55 . 5 65-74 75 and over 252 117 4.6 2. I 322 160 4 3 2.1 65 and over 369 6.7 482 6.4 Subtotal Labor Force Subtotal Seniors Suf)total TOTAL Source: 5,481 100.0% U.S. Bureau of Census 19 7,541 100.0% �3. The educational attainment for persons 25 years and older in 1970 was comparable to county and state averages. Median school years completed for Hamburg Township residents was 12.2 years, compared with 12.2 years for Livingston County and 12.1 for the State of Michigan. 4. Of the 1970 population of 5,481, 982 people or 17.9% were of foreign stock, that is, either foreign born or native born of foreign or mixed parentage. Persons of Canadian, British, Polish and Czechoslovakian descent comprise the largest proportion of the foreign stock. 5. The estimated per capita income for 1969, 1972 and 1974 in Hamburg Township remained above the averages for Livingston County and the State of Michigan. PROJECTIONS The three factors which modify the population of an area are births, deaths, and migration. The birth and death rate are factors over which local government can exert the least control. However, in and out-migration are very much influenced by the local economy, transportation accessibility, development policies and local lending policies. T_he_ i_nability to predict population growth with pinpoint accuracy does not diminish the importance of projections as a guide to local decision-making. For purposes of this plan, projections are used to assess the affect of growth on cur~ent and desired conditions in the Township. In this manner, population proJections serve as a target of the desired level of growth the community can bear :,Vithout harming the physical and social environment. The Township Master Plan is formulated in response to meeting that desired level of growth. 20 �Several projection techniques were reviewed to determine which most accurately depicted expected conditions in Hamburg Township. It was determined that the population projections prepared for the Small Area Forecast Program by the Southeastern Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) would provide the most useful guidance in projecting future population growth. The SEMCOG Small Area Forecast Program produced six alternative population projections, each based upon a different set of pol icy assumptions such as sewer extensions, effective or ineffective local zoning and planning, environmental protection programs, and the development of regional transportation programs. A table located in the Appendix illustrates each alternative population projection along with the 1990 and 2000 projections. ~fter evaluating the assumptions of all six alternative projections., Alternative Six was judged to be the most reasonable for Hamburg Township. Alternative Six promotes moderate conservation policies by making use of existing housing and s~w~rs, and conserving sensitive lands. The population projected by Alternative Six 1s 8905 by 1980, 12, I 02 by 1990, and 17,566 by the year 2000. ECONOMY TAX BASE The _tax base of Hamburg has been largely dominated by residential land use. A detailed table of assessed valuation is included in the Appendix. Residential valuation has grown at a rate exceeding 30% annually and accounted for 96% of th e tax base in 1979. Although commercial and industrial assessed valuations have shown a steady growth, they have continued to provide a relatively minor portion of the Towns hi p's tax base. 21 1471P f'C,r'(JL,,4T10",I P/?OJSCTI0}./:5 .2.COO �EMPLOYMENT TYPE AND LOCATION By and large, Hamburg Township can be considered a residential community for people who work elsewhere. Commuting patterns indicate that nearly 65% of the workers reporting their place of work in the 1970 census were employed outside of Livingston County. Outside of Livingston County the major recipients of the Hamburg work force were Ann Arbor, Washtenaw and Wayne Counties. Hamburg Township is not without some local employment base. A survey conducted in 1978 identified 29 commercial and industrial enterprises employing a total of 439 people. Accounting for 81 % of the total employment, the ten largest employers in Hamburg Township include: R&B Manufacturing Hoskins Manufacturing Lakeland Golf and Country Club Tri-Veyor Progressive Metal Homburg Screw Products Breemon's Restaurant Crest Tool Pedersen's Hardware and Dairy Queen Edelweiss Restaurant WAsllrE/..J4W ;4m'1 co. ArkX!r DE.611/JATTOJ../ OF' co1.1MorEK:5 F/«IM lfAJ.,lf?;{J/?13 Tf)"-/NsttlP �COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES Community facilities and services refer to those buildings, land, equipment and activities owned and operated by the public or by the private sector for the benefit of the community as a whole. Community facilities and services provided for Hamburg Township residents were inventoried and their adequacy assessed. The location of existing co~munity facilities are illustrated by Map 3 in the Master Plan section of this document. SCHOOLS Hamburg Township is served by four school districts; Pinckney Community Schools, Brighton Area Schools, Dexter Community Schools, and Howell Public Schools. Pinckney Community Schools serve approximately 90% of the Township while the other school systems cover smal I areas near the northern and southern Township boundaries. Figure 4 provides comparative school district data in terms of total enrollment, millage, facilities within Hamburg Township, and the State e~ua!ized valuation within the Township devoted to each district. The School districts do not determine how many of their students live in Hamburg Township. The Pinckney school system currently has four schools in Hamburg Township. ~( ~ew elementary school was opened on M-36 near Whitewood Road. Recen 1/ 1 mprov~ments to Pinckney High School included: construction of an indoor swimming pool and auditorium; addition of a second gymnasium; addition of 14 classrooms; and, expansion of the media center. !he_ 14 additional classrooms for the high school will be adequate until 1982, yet it is likely that additional space will still be needed to accommodate population gro':"~h. Population trends and current facility capacities indicate a need for additional high school space by 1990. The Brig · hton Area School system serves the Ore Lake area and the extreme northeast portions of the Township. The Hamburg Township portion of the school sy st em encompasses only a small portion of the entire district. 23 6ClfCK:JL DISTR/cr MAP /2'.MI.BURG' lOWJ../611/P A . />i11ckJ?t.fl Comrrru111JJ Schools B . 1:>r~!o11 Area uohqofs C. Dw+er S<Ytools CO/TV'n.G('11'/!:f D . Howell Rl/:>!,c 5chod.s �Figure 4 SCHOOL DISTRICTS WITHIN HAMBURG TOWNSHIP 1978 Statistics I I II I jl i Valuation Within Hamburg Township* Total School System Enrollment Millage Total Dollars Pinckney Community Schools 4,900 33.77 69,434 619 62.00% Briqhton Area Schools 5,127 32.00 8,217,583 5.10% Dexter Community Schools 2,136 29.50 3,094 568 2.90% Howell Public Schools 6,108 31.54 182,917 .09% School District *State Equalized Valuation Source: Information provided by School Districts and compiled by Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May, Inc 24 % of District �A new elementary school located on Bauer Road just north of the Township line was completed in the fall of 1978. Adjacent to this site, a new middle school was scheduled for completion in 1979. These new facilities will serve Hamburg Township residents and provide adequate educational facilities until 1990. The Brighton High School now has a capacity of approximately 1,600 students and this figure will likely be reached by 1982. It is expected that expanded high school facilities will be needed in the mid 1980's. The Dexter Community School system serves the extreme southern portions of the Township. Within its boundaries are approximately 70 homes with the most intensive development occurring along Gallagher Lake. Student enrollment has remained relatively steady within the school system. Migrations into the district have been offset by the declining birth rate and as a result of this there are no new facility development programs within the district. Present facilities are adequate for existing enrollment and future development is not expected to place unusual burdens on the existing facilities. The Howell Public School system serves a sparsely populated area within the Township. Except for a small portion of private land containing a few residences, all of the area served by the district is within the Brighton State Recreation Area. Currently many of the Howell Schools are on double shifts and there is a severe probl.ern of overcrowding. Accompanying this shortage of facilities is the r~lat.1vely long bus riding time required for many students living within this school district. PARKS AND RECREATION Park~ and recreational facilities are an important facet in the scheme of a g~owi~g township. Parklands provide recreation opportunities, preserve scenic and hi st oric values and protect environmentally sensitive areas. Planning for these township parklands is especially important during the early developing phases when lands are undisturbed and land costs for park acquisition are relatively low. 25 �The largest park and recreation space is the Brighton State Recreation Area encompassing 3,840 acres within the Township. With fishing and boating, swimming, camping, horseback riding, picnicking, and hiking trails, the Recreation Area must be considered a regional attraction serving southeastern Michigan. The attraction of the recreational opportunities will have continuing effect on roads, police and fire protection, and commerce within the Township. The Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority has owned substantial acreage within the Township scattered in individual parcels near the Huron River. Original plans to develop the acreage have been abandoned and H.C.M.A. has proceeded to dispose of this land for local recreational purposes. Hamburg is currently purchasing Merrill Field, a 134-acre park site, from the Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority. The park acquisition received broad community support when voters approved a one mill tax increase for purchase. Merrill Field is currently limited to baseball/softball play with seven diamonds. Th~ Township is also leasing a 180-acre parcel across the road from Merrill Field. This tract is currently undeveloped as a recreational facility. O~her recreational facilities within the Township include school district and pn~~t~ly owned facilities. Pinckney High School has eight outdoor tennis courts, facl11t1es for basketball, track, baseball and softball, and an indoor swimming pool. Hamburg Elementary School has facilities for softball, basketball and football but th ~ play areas are poorly maintained and are not of regulation size. The major privately owned recreational facilities include: Cobb's Marina (public lake access) Rush Lake Hills Golf Club (public) Lakeland Golf and Country Club (private) Camp Talahi Cordley Lake Day Camp Livingston County Conservation Club ~~m~u~g Township residents are fortunate to live in an area where rec_reational kdis in abu~dant supply. The proximity of state lands and the predominance ~f 1 a efront residential properties satisfy the recreational needs of many Township 26 �residents. However, the competition for use of recreational facilities will likely increase because existing recreational resources will continue to draw users from beyond the boundaries of Hamburg Township. In addition, existing recreational lands lack certain facilities to meet existing recreational needs. It is therefore important for the Township to consrder providing expanded recreational facilities for Township residents. Many of the recreational deficiencies of the Township can be identified by age groups. Play equipment, such as swings and slides, is largely unavailable for younger children. There is also a need for additional organized activities for school age children and young, middle aged and senior adults. GOVERNMENT FACILITIES The current Township government facilities include the Township Hall and the Township Hall Annex located on Stone Street in Hamburg Village. The Township Hal~ was constructed in 1947 by volunteer fire fighters. The ground floor houses equipment and trucks while the second floor is a large meeting room. The meeting room presents some problems to handicapped persons and senior citizens because of the second floor location. The Township Hall Annex is a converted church in excess of one hundred years old. The Annex is used as office space for IO P~ople including the Supervisor, Clerk, Treasurer, Building Department, Police 5t a!ion, and supportive staff. In general, the Township facilities lack adequate office space, adequate and accessible meeting space, suitable sanitary facilities, and adequate parking. !he Hamburg Township Library, built behind the Township Hall Annex in 1967, has heen a product of community participation and effort. The library is open 35 c~~rs per we~k and serves approximately 4,000 registered pa~rons, both adults and . ildren. With a book collection of I 5,000 volumes, the library has an annual circulation of 38,000 volumes. Membership in the Huron Valley Library system greatly increases the availability of books through interlibrary loans. The library was expanded to 2 506 square feet with an addition in 1975. There is a ~trent nee? for a meeting ro~m within the facility. Sharing the parking lot with f e Township offices creates problems for Library visitors. Senior citizens who requent the library find the parking situation especially critical. 27 �POLICE AND FIRE SERVICE Hamburg Township is currently served by three police agencies. These agencies are the Hamburg Township Police Department, Michigan State Police-Brighton Post, and the Livingston County Sheriff Department. While detailed crime statistics are not available for Hamburg Township, the Livingston County Sheriff's Off ice reports that on a county wide basis crime has significantly increased during recent years. From 1970-1977 minor offenses have risen 142% while serious offenses have risen 129%. The figures reflect population increases for the County and also reflect a general change from low density agricultural setting to a more populated residential environment with associated urban crime. Har:iiburg Township created its own police department in 1979. Before that time, police protection was contracted with the Livingston County Sheriff. The Township is currently staffing the Police Department to meet its protection needs. St ate and County agencies have attempted to expand staff and services but have been limited by budgetary constraints and resultant manpower shortages. The St ate Police Post services all of Livingston County and four Oakland County T?wriships with an average of two police cars and four men per shift. The post will n_ot likely increase manpower in future years because State Police officials ~e di_recti~g new manpower for their expanding urban posts in cities such as etroit, Flint and Lansing. The County places three to five patrol cars throughout th e County per shift. The Hamburg Township Fire Department is highly unique in the fact it is privately ~;ned and ~perated by the fire fighters. Organized in 1946 and incorporated in 48 , t~e Fire Department has expanded its fire fighting capabilities, manpower nd a capital equipment in response to the growing needs of the Township. The Department is staffed totally by volunteers including 30 regulars, 12 appre t · n ices, 12 retired members and a women's unit composed of from 15-20 28 ;J �wives of the regulars. techniques. All volunteers are trained in modern fire fighting The Township Hall which currently houses the Fire Department was built in 1947 by the volunteer fire fighters. The major pieces of fire fighting equipment now include: No. IOI - High Pressur~ Fog Rig - 750 gallon tank capacity and 800 lbs/sq inch pumping capability No. I 02 - Class A pumper - I 000 gallon tank capacity and 500 gpm pumping capability No. I 03 - Rescue and Grass Rig - 250 gallon tank capacity and 800 lbs/sq inch pumping capability plus rescue equipment No. 104 - Rescue and Grass/High Pressure Fog Rig - 300 gallon tank capacity and 800 lbs/sq -inch pumping capability plus rescue equipment No. 105 - Class A Pumper - l000 gallon tank capacity and l000 gpm pumping capability Six homes of regular fire fighters are equipped with phones to receive emergency calls and all regular fire fighters are issued Plectron radio units. Upon receiving a~ emergency call, the fire siren is triggered and the regular fire fighters are a erted through the radio units. On the average, a truck will be on the road within two minutes of receiving an emergency call. ihe Fi~e Department finances operating and capttal costs by charging the township $250 per fire call and $150 per emergency and rescue call. Responding $~Oapproximately 120 calls per year, annual revenues range from $18,00~ ,OO0. The Department has also entered in a mutual agreement with surrounding communities to assist in responding to larger fires. 29 �The Fire Department has established a fine reputation for efficiency and effectiveness. The response time to emergency and fire calls has been excellent in spite of the large expanses of territory that must be covered from the current location of the Fire Department. The ability of the Fire Department to respond to future fire fighting needs is highly related to levels and patterns of future growth. The current response time from the Township Hall to the farthest point in the Township is 12-15 minutes. As congestion increases on Hamburg roads, response time to all points in the Township is likely to increase. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the fire and emergency runs to ~re?s west of Lakeland. The accessibility to the western half of the Township is limited by the Huron River. A s residential growth increases in the western half of the Township, the incidence of fires and emergency calls will likely increase. WATER, WASTEWATER, SOLID WASTE, AND UTILITIES The sole means of water supply and wastewater disposal is through individual wells and septic systems. The provision of public water supply is generally not a problem due to the adequacy of groundwater resources, although the potential contamination of groundwater remains a concern. The lack of a public sanitary sewer system in the more developed portions of the Township wi II restrict future ?evelo~ment to land uses generating primarily domestic wastes. For example, 1ndustri~s generating a process waste would have difficulty receiving sanitary wa st e disposal permits from County and State health authorities. ;he Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 provides federal ~~s_to_ finance public sanitary sewer systems. Funding is limited to the solution 0 d xi st mg water pollution problems and may not be used to open up new areas for ekelopment by providing sewers. It is possible that built up areas around the 1 a es and Hamburg Village may eventually be sewered. 30 �Until recently, the Township leased a private landfill for the disposal of solid waste. When the landfill did not meet requirements of the Department of Natural Resources, the Township was forced to seek other means of disposal and proceeded with plans to construct a refuse transfer facility on five acres at Merrill Field. The solid waste transfer station is classified as a Type I facility designed to receive refuse from individual users and hand unloaded vehicles of not more than 1/2 ton capacity. The trash is unloaded into a stationary compactor which, when full, is hauled to a landfill for disposal of the compacted trash. The transfer facility is expected to meet Hamburg's needs for a number of years. Hamburg Township is serviced by the major public utilities of Southeastern Michigan. Consumer's Power, Michigan Bell Telephone, and Detroit Edison all have trunk lines and distribution systems within the Township. There are currently no restrictions or shortages for new residential users. Electrical output and natural gas supplies have kept pace with new development. Detroit Edison is currently upgrading the Hamburg Substation and increasing voltage from 4,800 volts to 13,000 volts. Consumer's Power does not have limitations on natural gas us_es_ in new residential development, yet commercial and industrial users over 6.6 million BTU are subject to review by the utility. While utility supplies are gen:rally available in adequate quantities, it should be noted that the dwindling natio~al_ energy supply will force conservation and could conceivably place restrictions on growth within the Township. ROADS ~ Public roads within the Township are classified accordingly: State route Primary hard top Local hard top Primary gravel Local gravel ~- 36 is a state route under the jurisdiction of the Michigan Department of ansportation. Primary and local roads are maintained by the Livingston County 31 �Road Commission with the State Motor Vehicle Highway Fund matched by Township funds. M-36 links the communities of Pinckney, Pettysville, Lakeland, and Hamburg. There is currently much concern over the safety and general conditions of M-36. The rolling topography, sharp curves, and limited sight distances contribute to difficult driving conditions, especially during adverse weather. Complicating these conditions are driving lanes which are 11 feet instead of 12 feet wide with gravel shoulders along most of the road. Adjacent land uses and numerous primary road intersections cause traffic flow restrictions and potential safety hazards. The State of Michigan has no plans for improvements on M-36. While traffic volumes average 5,000 Average Daily ·raffle (A.D.T.), this volume is well below ~he approximate 10,000 A.D.T. State officials require before considering improvements. Jhe Li~ings!on County Road Commission inventories local and primary roads and ete~~ines if they are adequate or inadequate, based primarily upon road surface conditions. Other factors for evaluation are design capacity, safety and surrounding land uses. Although road standards are variable according to urban a~d rural use, terrain, vehicle type and many other factors, the road standards a opted by the Livingston County Road Commission are outlined in Figure 5. ~igur~ 6_ provides a listing of primary and local hardtop roads along with a general Resc~ipt,on of conditions. Chi Ison, Hamburg, Pettysvi I le and Strawberry Lake 0 . ~ s all have segments of inadequate road. Hamburg Road is particularly ~? equate because of high traffic volumes, adjacent land uses and poor pavement. h inans Lake Road is one of the busiest roads in the Township. In some areas it a~d as traffic volume equalling M-36. Other roads with heavy use are McGregor warthout. ~;~h~~ Lake Road is the only primary gravel road in Hamburg Township and Part e~ acce~s to the Brighton State Recreation Area. Traffic volumes are imm'c~ orly high during summer weekends and holidays. Although there are no be P~v~~t~ plans for paving, D.N.R. and county officials feel that the road should in the near future. 32 �Figure 5 TYPICAL ROAD ST AND ARDS FOR LIVINGSTON COUNTY Road Type ADT* Driving Lane Shoulder R.O.W.** I I I , 000-2, 000 12' 6" min 120 Local Hord Top 500-1 ,000 11' 6' min 120' Primary Grovel 200-500 11' 6' min 120' 4' min 4' min 100' Pr imary Hardtop Local Grovel 200 11' Local & Subdivision 200 12' *Average Daily Traffic **Right-of-Way Source: Livingston County Road Commission 33 66 1 �Figure 6 PRIMARY AND LOCAL HARD TOP ROADWAYS* Road Name 1976-1978 Average Dail}:'. Traffic Adeguate Surface lnadeguate Total Miles I, Primary Road Chilson 8 Mile Hamburg Pettysv i 11 e Shehan Strawberry Lake Whitewood I .45 .94 1.00 , • 763 1,650 I , 625-3, 969 1,450 I, 531 1,092 I, 112 Prime Mixed Mixed Prime Prime Prime Prime & Seal Bitum. Bitum. & Seal & Seal & Seal & Seal .89 2.10 I. 79 449 NA NA 1,353 NA NA 963 I ,320 1,862-4 . 597 Prime Mixed Mixed Prime Prime Mixed Prime Prime Prime & Seal Bitum. Bitum & Seal & Seal Bitum. & Seal & Seal & Seal 1.44 .68 .71 2.46 .56 .35 1.00 2 38 2.11 2.53 3.84 2.18 1.99 3.98 .94 4 ,84 2. 18 .89 4 09 I. 79 Local Road Cordley Lake Hall Road Hacker Road McGregor Pine Bluff Pleasant Lake Dr. Rush Lake Swarthout Winan's Lake I 44 .68 .71 2.46 .56 .35 1.00 2.38 2. II NA - Not available Source: livings-ton County Road Commission and adapted by Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May'. In~• Adequacy is based upon road safety, surface conditions, and alignment and is subJect1vely determined by the Livingston County Road Commission. 34 ,1 �Merrill Road is the most heavily travelled local gravel road in the Township. Traffic is generated from recreation activities on Merrill Field and the linkage of Strawberry Lake Road and M-36. Local subdivision roads built in the I 920's and I 930's were not subject to County approval. As a consequence, many of these roads serving lake frontages are very narrow (nine foot lanes) and provide little right-of-way for improvements or maintenance. New public roads are subject to Road Commission approval and design standards. Auto accidents occur more frequently on the major roads and intersections of the Township. The entire length of M-36 is subject to frequent accidents due to the high speeds and design inadequacies. Other high frequency accident areas include: Hamburg Road McGregor Road Kress Road and the M-36 Intersection Chi Ison and Bishop Lake Intersection There are two major bridges in Hamburg Towns hip, both spanning the Huron River. The M-36 bridge has been scheduled for widening to 40 feet to carry two lanes of traffic with eight foot shoulders. The Winans Lake Road bridge was replaced in 1963 and has an expected life of another 60 years. Future traffic patterns within the road network will be closely related to land use. Because of this it is vitally important that road development be coordinated with the overall plan for the Township. The most critical corridor is along M-36. Car~ful consideration of land use planning, zoning and site development along this corridor wi II insure a well coordinated traffic system and land use pattern. 35 ,I �NATURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY AND CAPABILITY The natural environment of Hamburg Township offers both opportunities and limitations on the type and extent of future development. Certain areas are unsuitable for septic systems, unstable for building foundations, poorly drained, and susceptible to flooding. While these factors place restrictions upon development, other natural resource factors present opportunities for development. The scenic and recreational attractiveness of the lakes, hills and woodlands offer a unique residential setting. It is helpful to examine these natural resource factors in detail to determine both the opportunities and constraints. The examination involves an inventory of resource factors, and a determination of the capability of the natural resource base to support future development. - SOILS In order to minimize construction costs and risks to the environment, it is desireable for future development to be constructed upon sites with suitable soils. P~or soils present problems such as poor foundation stability and septic field failu:~· The three major soi I characteristics considered in the analysis of soi I conditions are drainage, foundation stability and septic suitability characteristics. Eac~ of these factors were inventoried and mapped according to information prov!ded by the Livingston County Soil Survey, prepared by the Soil Conservation Service. DRAINAGE ~oil drainage characteristics are examined because of the potentially high evelopment costs, maintenance costs and sanitary problems encountered on 00 rly drained soils. These costs and problems are often associated with septic 1d failures, flooded basements and susceptibility to frost action. Dense mucks, 1 ~ t~, and clays with high water tables are the soils most often associated with rainage problems. f. !f 36 �In general, poorly drained lands lie within the floodplains of the Huron River and chain of lakes. Other areas include lands associated with Hay, Chilson, South Ore and Horseshoe Creeks and the numerous small ponds or depressions throughout the Township. Moderately drained and wel I drained soi Is consist of loamy sands which allow the passage of water from surface layers to lower soi I depths. These areas are sufficiently above the groundwater table to assist drainage and provide a suitable foundation for construction. FOUNDATION ST ABILITY Shifting foundations, cracked walls, and cracked pavement and roadways are some of the potential problems associated with foundation instability. These problems often result in increased development and maintenance costs or, in extreme cases, structural fai Iure. ~enerally, well-drained, coarse-textured soils provide the most suitable foundations. Soils with good or fair stability are located in the upland sections of the Township. Poor soil stability occurs with soils containing large concentrations of organic material, such as muck, silt and clay. The areas of poor soil stability are concentrated in the low lying and poorly drained areas adjacent to lakes and creek~. In those low lying areas the presence of water in and near the surface contributes to frost heave, compression, shrinkage and swelling. SEPTIC SUIT ABILITY ~ecaus: t~er_e. is no central wastewater collection system within H?mburg Township, ind1v1dual _septic systems are the primary m_ea~s of wastew~ter disposal. herefore, the location of septic systems on proper soils 1s extremely important. Septic field failures are often the result of poor soil permeability, high water table or excessive slope. Soils such as compacted clays and silts will not allow wast~":'ater to percolate through the filtering layers of soil. A high water table prohibits adequate filtering thereby allowing the sewage effluent to pollute the roundwater supplies and contaminate residential wells, lakes and streams. inally, excessive slope does not provide adequate time for percolation. Instead ;ast ew?ter will drain to the low end of the septic field and the filtering action of e entire septic field will not be utilized. 37 �Areas of slight septic suitability are scattered throughout the Township, but are predominantly in upland areas. Important areas of suitable soi Is are located near the Village of Hamburg, southeast of Winans Lake and along the western portions of M-36. TOPOGRAPHY AND RELIEF The surface geology of the Township was formed I 0,000 to 12,000 years ago when glacial activity deposited rock, soil and large blocks of ice. The ice blocks embedded within the soil eventually melted and left depressions which are today's la~es. These lakes were connected by an outwash channel which is now the Huron River and chain of lakes system. Figure 7 illustrates a typical cross-section through the Township. The topographic features of the area and the relative elevations of the Huron River, chain of lakes, and the upland moraines to the north and south are depicted. Most of the residential development within the Township is located within the lower elevations. There is limited development at the higher elevations to the north and to the south of the river corridor. These uplands are I ikely to become an attra~tion for future development because of the unique contrast to the flat terrain of Southeastern Michigan. ~lope is an important development consideration associated with topograp~ic eatures. Steep roadway grades, septic field failures, soil erosion and excavation cost s are some of the difficulties associated with severe grades. Areas of e~tre~e slope have been mapped so that opportunities and constraints for P tent1al development can be outlined. ~h~re are two major areas of extreme slope. These are the areas north of Winans Ta e a~d _the area west of the Chi Ison lmpoundment. The remainder of the ownship 1s generally flat to gently rolling with isolated areas· of severe or ::!erate slope. Steep slopes will require sensitive. site pl?nni_ng pr_io~ to d lopment. Care should be taken to insure that extensive grading 1s min1m1zed an to insure that natural features such as vegetation, and top soil are protected. 38 �Figure 7 MA!vl/3URG TOU/Nvft/P J./06- to !Scafe 5CHE'M477C ceoss-oeCTlO"I oeve(oped Lowla.~~ i I ....... 39 �WATER RESOURCES Groundwater and surface water deposits are a vital resource within Hamburg Township. Because there is no central water distribution system, residents must rely upon individual wells for their water supply. The lakes and streams of the Township are also an important resource because of the associated scenic and recreational amenities. It is therefore important that water resources be protected and managed in a manner which would insure their quality and availability for future use. GROUNDWATER Important factors in the evaluation of groundwater are the quantity and quality of the water. Quantity or yield standards for a typical residential or commercial use range from 7 gallons per minute to 20 gallons per minute. The geologic and hydrologic features of the Township provide the residents with an average of 15 gallons per minute. This figure will vary upon location within the Township. More whater appears to be available within the outwash channels of the central lowlands tan :he upland moraines. However, water is generally available in sufficient quantity and will not likely be a factor in limiting growth. ~ater quality is a more important factor than water availability. Water hardness, ~on content, salinity and septic field contamination are hazards encountered in . arnburg Township. While hardness and salinity are minor problems, iron content is common throughout the Township. A more important concern is septic field contam!nation of well water supply. Because of the high water table and lack of protective clay coverings over groundwater supplies, contamination of domestic Water supply is a possibility. Although county health department records report ~~ documented occurrences of contamination to date, residents should be aware at th e potential exists. SURF ACE WATER :~e inl?nd lakes and Huron River corridor are unique because of their residential ractiveness and scenic amenties. Because of these attributes and the desire of 40 �residents for access to these water resources, the relationship between man and his environment becomes extremely important. Water pollution is a major concern which jeopardizes the residential and recreational setting. In 1977 the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments conducted an extensive survey of water quality conditions of inland lakes. Nine Hamburg Township lakes were sampled and, of these lakes, Rush, Winans and Bass Lakes were found to have relatively good water quality. Zukey, Bishop and Baseline were considered moderate to poor while Ore and Strawberry Lakes were considered very poor. An intensive biological survey of the Huron River was conducted by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources in the summer of 1977. The purpose of the study was to characterize water quality conditions by analyzing the biological communities present. Findings of the study indicated that water quality was good between Kent and Strawberry Lakes and excellent downstream of Baseline Lake. The Huron River area in Hamburg Township has been designated as a "countryscenic" river under the Michigan Natural River Act 1970. The adoption of a Natural River District by the Township in 1978 provides for the management of the river corridor which will help protect water quality and aesthetic appeal in the futu~e: Further, proper land management can improve the current water quality con.dit1ons of Hamburg Township. Sources of pollution can be controlled through dra~nage and runoff controls, septic field corrections, proper treatment of sanitary wastes, land use planning, limitation of fertilizer applications, and action by lake associations or residents. Among the major creeks within the Township are Hay, Chilson, South Ore and ~orseshoe Creeks. Associated with the creeks is a corridor of adjacent wetlands. he creeks and wetland are important for surface drainage, groundwater recharge ~nd "'.'ildlife habitat. Alteration of the creeks and wetlands can contribute to lo~ding, poor water quality, insufficient water supply and loss of valuable wildlife hab1tat. 41 �SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENT AL FEATURES Besides soils, topography and hydrology, there are other natural resources which influence future land use and development. Sensitive environmental features such as flood plains, woodlands, fish and wildlife habitat, wetlands and scenic features can present either constraints or opportunities for development. FLOODPLAINS A flood plain is the land area adjacent to a watercourse that is subject to flooding. The designation of flood plains and the restriction of their development is a measure designed to protect life, health and property. Federal and state laws regulate encroachment, dredging and filling within flood plain areas. A detailed delineation of flood plain areas within the Township has been prepared. WOODLANDS Approximately one-sixth of the total land area of the Township is wooded. One half _of these areas are adjacent to the inland lakes or wetlands. Water tolerant spe~ies such as ash, red maple, cottonwood, tamarack, willow, and sycamore are typi<:ally found. Where nature vegetation meets the water's edge, areas of unique scenic resources and wildlife habitat are found. Future development should be planned in a manner protecting unique woodlands. FISH AND WILDLIFE The continued existence of fish and wildlife depends upon the maintenance of ad~quate habitat. While some species can adapt to the pressures of urbanization, ~t ers cannot live in close proximity to humans. According to the Michigan Tepart~ent of Natural Resources, existing wildlife populations for Hamburg ownship are stable and unless prime habitat and cover areas are destroyed, the Popul at·ions are expected to remain stable. T~e inland lakes are especially good for fishing. Bass, pike, and bluegill are the Primary species, · · and an occasional wal Ieye ·1s caug h t ·in th e H uron R'1ver • 42 �Wetlands adjacent to lakes are used as spawning areas for bass and pike. Populations of Canada geese, ducks, songbirds, muskrat, mink, and raccoon are also dependent upon these wetlands. Fox, squirrel, woodchuck, rabbit and deer are the predominant mammals and are actively hunted within State lands in the Brighton State Recreation Area and other private lands. WETLANDS While in the past wetlands were considered to be useless land, it is now realized that they play a very important part in the hydrological and ecological systems. In addition to providing fish and wildlife habitat, wetlands also maintain and stabilize groundwater supplies, reduce the dangers of flooding and improve water quality. The largest wetlands are located adjacent to the Huron River and chain of lakes. The areas north of Bass Lake and near Chi Ison Creek comprise some of the larger wetlands within the Township. Other areas are found along Hay Creek, South Ore Creek and the numerous kettle depressions scattered throughout the Township. SCENIC FEATURES The lakes, topography, vegetation and cultural resources are components in the overall scenic attractiveness of the Township. Scenic vistas are places which ~!ford expansive views of Township visual resources. These are located on top of ills and high elevations (north of Winans Lake) or along roadways (M-36 and other 1 ocal roads). Roadways are important visual corridors because they unfold a rapid sequence of vistas. Lakes, trees, fields, homes, commercial enterprises and signs or~ common sites which are presented to the roadside viewer. Like other ruralur 0~ areas the organization of the vistas is based upon the roadway. Homes, r~tatl centers and other activities are located off these roads and too often the vtwer is presented with a multitude of messages, signs, and symbols which are ~ t~~ associated with a strip development. Too many signs and establishments ~c. ing a sense of organization and purposeful design can become an offensive s rip development. It is important that future planning efforts recognize the ~:~roll image or impression presented along M-36 and avoid potentially offensive rip developments. 43 'I I I: �Landmarks are important visual resources. St. Stephen's Church, historical structures, village centers, the Huron River and various lakes are visual landmarks which lend an important character and identity to the Township. The cultural or man built landmarks should be preserved and managed in a sensitive manner. New development should compliment unique landmarks and should not detract from the scenic vistas of Hamburg Township's lakes, hills and vegetation. NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITY The detailed inventory of natural resources is most useful when interpreted to determine the capabi I ity of the natural resource base to support development. By guiding future development into the most capable areas, problems associated with large scale grading, flood damage, foundation stability, poor drainage and septic system failures can be avoided. T~e resource factors considered included topography, floodplains, wetlands, and s~ils (foundation stability, drainage, and septic suitability). Criteria illustrated in Figure 8 were established for the various resource factors to determine which land areas were most or least capable of supporting development. !h~ !inal step in the development capability process was the mapping of the 1nd1 v1?~al natural resource capability criteria on transparent overlays. By combining the overlays, a composite development capability map was produced. ihe development capability map is illustrated on Map 2. Dark areas are lands c:ast. capable of supporting development while remaining Township lan_ds are nsidered to be most capable of supporting development. As shown on this map, g~n~ral patterns of land capabilities emerge. For example lands adjacent to the c ain of lakes, the Huron River and Hay, Chilson and South Ore Creeks are ~enerally less capable of supporting development. Lands with a less restrictive ~velopment capability are scattered throughout the Township. Three major areas 0 . ~avorable land are located within the Township. The first area is located in the tctity of Hamburg Village. Another area is located to the southeast of Winans Na e, and a third area lies within the western portion of the Township along M-36. eh~I st ructures bui It within these areas wi 11 pose few problems to development W Ie p ' . roJects proposed in areas outlined in the dark areas of the map w1'II require 1 c ose scrutinization and sensitive site design. 44 �Figure 8 NATURAL RESOURCES CAPABILITY MAP PROCESS Least Capable Criteria Most Capable Criteria Areas with grades I greater than 13% \ ' I Areas with grades less than I 3% Areas within the Areas not susceptible I00-year flood boundary _ _ _ _ _ _,. to flooding Wetland areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Areas which are not wetlands Areas of poor soil stability having good or --------· Areas fair soil stability Areas of poor soil Areas having moderatedrainage •------~drained or well-drained soils Areas of severe septic Areas with few septic limitations _ _ _ _ _ _.,.. field limitations Areas most capable of supporting development Areas least capable of supporting development 45 �·-1:1 ¾d1 I I ./ i I Map 2 LAND AREAS MOST LAND CAPABILITY MAP CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING DEVELOPMENT HAMBURG TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN LAND AREAS LEAST CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING DEVELOPMENT 4 ~ AYRES. LEWIS. NORRIS & ENGINEl!RS ARCHITECTS MAY. INC. PLANNERS �I I I I Master Plan �MASTER PLAN PLANNING APPROACH The approach taken in the development of the Master Plan is tailored to meet the needs of Hamburg Township. The greatest asset of the Township is a highly unique natural resource base set in a rural atmosphere. Within the area encompassed by Hamburg Township, there is sufficient space to accommodate large numbers of people and housing. However, the effect of unrestrained growth on community life styles, natural resources and community facilities and services could be potentially devastating. The Master Plan emphasizes the proper use and management of the Township's nat~ral and man-made resources in an effort to maintain and improve the qua I ity ~f life for residents. Thus, the plan is based highly upon community goals, existing _u~e patterns, and the capability of the natural resource base and community acilit1es and services to accommodate future development. t~ The Master Plan is designed to accommodate a reasonable level of population gr~;th. SEMCOG Alternative Six, which predicts a l 990 population of 12, I 02 and ~uf/? population of 17,566, is used as a guideline for future population growth. t icient land areas with capable natural and man-made resources are available d? accommodate the projected level of population growth. The Master Plan irects future development into the most capable areas. /'L4/.IN/NC:t A/eEA MAP JIAM.BU~G 'JOW/2611/P i A. 0 ass~~t 1 (n the description of the proposals set forth in the Master Plan, Hamburg A;wns P is divided into five Planning Areas: Hamburg Village Area, Lower Lakes of~~ ~pper_ Lakes Area, Rush Lake Area and State Lands Area_. The_boun~ar_ies land Janning Areas were determined by a number of factors including existing use and physical man-made features. 47 ···.;;;....:.4..,•.. Sfafe Land:s b• f?..t.15'7 Lake, C. Z/,P;>e-t, ~ O. Lower~ B . flam bu":g Vitta3e, �COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS PLAN The Community Facilities and Transportation Improvements Plan is shown in Map 3. As Hamburg Township continues to grow and the characteristics of the population changes, the demand for improved facilities and services will increase. The efficient and economical delivery of services will continue to be a concern to Hamburg Township residents. By assessing current and expected needs of Tow~ship residents and evaluating land use patterns, the necessary facilities and s~rv,ces can be planned. Planning for the proper location of community facilities will lead toward the most efficient use of tax dollars and delivery of services. SCHOOLS ~ ~ch_ools_ ~lay an important role in the physical development of a community. The es,rabd,ty of Hamburg Township as a place to reside is greatly influenced by the ~dequacy of schools. Although the responsibility for schools lies with local school rd boa s, the Master Plan can provide guidance by illustrating the relationship .e~ween future facilities. land use patterns and population distribution and the location and s,z,ng of school ~~tu~e Township population growth and land use patterns will primarily affect the ,~;~ ney th and Brighton School Districts. Population projections indicate that by ag ' e largest increases in school age populations wi II be within the high school / groups. The increases are primarily due to the heavy in-migration of ementary and middle school groups. nd ed high school facilities will be needed by the mid l980's in both the at iin:e{ and ~righton Sch~ol Districts. The expansion program being ~n?~rtak~n ben d ney High School will be adequate until 1982, yet expanded facil1t1es will accoee ed to accommodate future growth. It is likely that expansion plans can be mrnodated at existing Pinckney and Brighton High School sites. ~!~ 48 �~Ji I I f i I I I I - - __J_ - -·· - · .,.,.,. Map 3 COMMUNITY FACILITIES & TRANSPORTATION PLAN PROPOSED AUTO ROUTES INTERSECTION IMPROVEMENTS 0 0000 NON-MOTORIZED TRAIL PROPOSED FIRE STATION HAMBURG TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN 4 AYRES, LEWIS. NORRIS & ..,,,,,,,,, ENGINEERS • ARCHITECTS • MAY. INC, PLANNERS ~ �Elementary schools have traditionally played an important role as centers of community activity. Unfortunately, low density development has required the extensive use of bussing and reduced the importance of the elementary schools serving Hamburg Township. As discussed earlier, there is a significant relationship between land use patterns and the location of new schools and vice versa. In this regard, the fol lowing recommendations are made: I. Every effort should be made to locate new elementary schools in areas of concentrated development to enhance the school's position as a neighborhood focal point. Hamburg Elementary is well located from this standpoint. 2. It appears that high school facilities wi II be expanded at their current locations. New middle school facilities, if necessary, should be located in relation to population and travel time since bussing time and costs are of paramount importance. 3, Schools should be accessible from but not located on major roads, such as M36. Students, especially those in elementary school, should not have to cross heavily travelled roads when walking to school. 4. The Planning Commission, in consultation with the School Boards, should consider requiring large-scale residential subdivisions to set aside adequate space for new schools. ~S AND RECREATION The acq ·1 ·t· • R d _u s1 ion of Merrill Field and the lease of the HCMA property across Merrill d~a will prove to be a tremendous asset. It is recommended that Merrill Field be I sevt~ oped into a Township Center, a concept that is further explained in the next c ion. For rec t· corn rea ional purposes, Merrill Field has the potential for development as a I and fhete community park. Besides the existing seven baseball/softball diamonds e two football fields, future development will include: 50 �- two additional 60 foot softball diamonds lighting fixtures for two diamonds restroom and concession foci I ities parking for 200 cars two regulation tennis courts facilities for horseshoes and shuffleboard picnic shelter and picnic grounds winter sledding area trai Is and nature areas The trail proposed by the Department of Natural Resources along the abandoned Grand Trunk Roi !road right-of-way could offer tremendous recreational potential r,0 _Hamburg Township. However, the concerns regarding the security of residents I1 ~ ng along the trail are valid. The Township should not support development of th1 s trail which would encourage activities other than hiking, jogging, bicycling or ~ross~country skiing. The Township could extend the trail eastward from its errn_inus at Lakeland past Merrill Field to Hamburg Village. This would provide a continuous non-motorized link from the western portion of the Township to the 6~oposed Merrill Road Township Center as well as Hamburg Village. Additional ikeways, hiking trails and bridle paths from outlying portions of the Township ~ould be connected to the proposed trail thereby connecting schools, residential eveloprnents and commercial areas. l~re is ~ need for neighborhood parks for younger children. School playgrounds ~ha ~rtion of the void but are largely inaccessible to the majority of children. e _Policy of requiring the provision of park space in new subdivisions should be ~~:~n_ued. Efforts should be made to acquire neighborhood park land in Lake lished areas such a_s Hamburg Village, Lakeland, Ore Lake, Buck ~a~e, Rush and Portage-Baseline Lakes. Neighborhood parks should be a m1n1mum of 0 ne acre in size and contain playground equipment and play areas. The acq . 't• . full dev uisi ion of additional larger community parks would_ be costly. W1~~ !he Will be ~lo~ment of Merrill Field, Township funds for recreational land acqu1s1t1on 36 • lirn_ited. However, a large wooded tract east of McGregor and south of MTheis a uniq~e property that is worthy of either public or private preservation. cons·dconversion of the old landfill to a recreational facility may also be 1 ered. 51 '1 I �GOVERNMENT FACILITIES The existing Township offices present many problems due to inadequate office and meeting space, sanitary facilities and adequate parking. As the Township continues to grow, the need for a new Township Hall will become increasingly apparent . !n addition to development as a community park, Merri II Field would provide an ideal site for a Township Center. Development of a Township Center would consolidate a number of community activities at one location, thereby serving as a focal point for Township activities in much the same manner as the existing Township facilities function. Included in the Township Center would be Township offices, library facilities, community meeting hall, police facilities, senior citizen activity center, and ~dequate parking. The location of the Center at Merrill Field would be accessible rom al.I areas of the Township and would provide the necessary security for the recreation facilities. iJhe existing Township Hall could continue to be used as a fire station. The second oor could be converted to living quarters for firefighters. The Township annex could conceivably be turned over to a local historical group for use as a Township museum. ~AND FIRE SERVICE Jhe I0continuing influx of high value residential, commercial and industrial P.ment into Hamburg Township will increase the demand for expanded police ~ct~on. Standards for police protection suggest I to 2 police officers per 1000 9°fou ,ation. This standard would indicate the need for 6 to 12 o'.ficers .b?'. 1990 ~nd could by th~ year 2000. There will be a need for expanded police facil1t1es which e provided at the Township Center. /°/v; t 52 �Since its formation in 1946, the Hamburg Township Fire Department has provided excellent fire protection service. There is no need to tamper with a successful ~ystem of fire protection. However, similar to police protection, urbanization will increase the need for increased fire protection. This necessity will increase with the addition of new industry to Hamburg Township. It is recommended that the Fire Department consider the addition of a full time, P.aid '.ire Chief to coordinate all activities of the Department as well as conduct fire inspections and investigations. The intent is not to dilute the volunteer concept but to strengthen the Department's ability to respond to changing conditions. ;tre is ev(dence of the need to locate a fire substation in the we~tern portion '?f / T.ownsh1p. A recommended location is along M-36 near Pettysville Road. This 1fcation would reduce response time to the Rush Lake Area and the western half 0 the lower lakes, upper lakes, and State lands areas. mER, WASTEWATER, AND SOLID WASTE ~ue to the availability of groundwater resources, the need for public water supply is ~ot cr.itical in the near future. However, the combination of individual wells °': hseptic systems could be hazardous in some parts of the Township. Residents ~t. shallow wel Is should be aware of potential septic system contamination of eir Water supply. The need. f or ·improved wastewater disposal appears to be a more pressing · in concern co~;.r~atn areas of the Township. Existing population densities, natural resource irn tttons and land use in the upper and lower lakes and Hamburg areas warrant pt~Ved means of wastewater disposal. The following are recommended as ority areas for improvements: 53 �M I. In the upper lakes area, Ore Lake is one of the most densely populated areas of Hamburg Township. The land resource capability surrounding Ore Lake indicates it is an area least capable of supporting development. l, Zukey, Strawberry, Portage and Baseline Lakes are considered priority areas in the lower lakes area. These lakes are densely populated and have natural resource conditions least capable of supporting development. Water quality conditions in Zukey and Baseline Lakes were considered moderate to poor and Ore and Strawberry Lakes were considered poor in the 1977 water quality study conducted by the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments. 3, Hamburg Village is considered the final priority area. The existing commercial and industrial concentrations along M-36 warrant consideration for public sewering. The addition of future industry will be contingent upon the availability of public sewers. A~imPortant consideration in the sewer issue is the effect sewers have on growth an _development in the sewer service area. The extension of sewers into previou~ly unsewered areas must be accompanied by a land use plan and (ulations to direct growth into areas most capable of accommodating ~;lopment. The Master Plan, if properly implemented, provides sufficient 901 once so that sewers may be provided in the priority areas without encouraging new growth that would have a long-term damaging effect on the Township. ~lt~~ugh the appropriate steps have been taken to handle the solid waste disposal in\tns, the Township role in solid waste management will be likely to increase M e future. The State of Michigan has recently enacted the Solid Waste pl~nog;ment Act which requires the prepartion of county solid waste manageme~t lhi~sl ef~re July 1, 1981. It is important that the Township seek involvement 1n Panning process. 54 �TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS The purpose of the Township road network is to provide for the safe and efficient movement of people and goods within and through the Township. Adequate roads are essential to the conduct of commerce and daily human activities. The automobile will continue to be the dominant mode of transportation due to scattered land use patterns and population densities and personal preferences. However, energy availability and cost will make non-motorized transportation more attractive, a factor that must be considered in future planning. There exists a strong interrelationship between the road system and land use patterns. The type and pattern of land use wi 11 strong I y influence traffic volumes al~ng a given road. Likewise, the adequacy of a road may determine the type of adjacent land development that occurs. Therefore, future road improvements recommended in the Master Plan are based on the adequacy of the existing roads <rid existing and future land use patterns. The following transportation improvements are recommended: I. ~ - Although a comprehensive widening and improvement program of M36 is viewed as justified by Township officials, the Michigan Department of 5t ate Highways and Transportation has no such plans. changes could be made to improve conditions: Several incremental Construction of a bypass to alleviate pressure on the stretch of M-36 from the flashing light north of Hamburg Village past the commercial strip to where the curve is intersected by Hamburg Road. In lieu of the costly construction of a bypass, reconstruction of the Hamburg Road intersection to provide for a three-way stop. Reconstruction of the Merrill Road intersection and road bank removal to provide for better sight distance and safer access to Merrill Road. 55 �I Construction of turning lanes at the Chi Ison Road, Kress Road, Pettysville Road and McGregor Road. I I 1 i'I' I I' Construction of a service drive at the rear of M-36 businesses near Hamburg Village. (More fully discussed in the Land Use Plan.) 2. Merrill Road - In conjunction with improvements planned for Merrill Field, Merrill Road should be hard surfaced from M-36 to Strawberry Lake Road and the grade and intersection at Strawberry Lake Road improved. 3. Bishop Road - Due to high traffic volumes during summer months, Bishop Road should be hard surfaced from Chilson Road to Hamburg Road. Since traffic volumes are generated almost solely by the Brighton State Recreation Area, the project should be undertaken and funded by the State of Michigan. 4. '5. ~iscellaneous Road Improvements - Portions of Chi Ison, Hamburg, Pettysvllle and Strawberry Lake Roads are judged inadequate by the Road Commission but no locations are specified. A survey of these roads should be undertaken to determine inadequacies. ~n-rnotorized Transportation Improvements - The Jackson to Lakeland trail could provide a non-motorized transportation route linking the western and eas~ern portion of the Township. However, the Township should encourage a design concept which protects the security of Township residents, discourages motorized use, and encourages non-motorized use. The Township s~ou!d encourage the development of additional bike and pedestrian-ways wh1th1 n new subdivisions for potential linkage with a major system throughout t e Township. 56 �IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS I. 2. 3. 4, Section IO of the Township Planning Act, P.A. 168 of 1959, states that upon adoption of a plan, the Planning Commission shall have the authority to approve the location, character and extent of any street, square, park or other public way, ground or open space, or public building or structure proposed to be located within the Township. This authority applies not only to Township projects but to action proposed by other public bodies. The action of the Planning Commission can be overruled by a majority vote of all Township Board members or by resolution of the governing board of the public body submitting the proposed project. The Township's role in providing and financing community facilities will undoubtedly increase in the future. An orderly procedure for planning and financing Township community facilities can be achieved through the adoption of a Capital Improvements Program (CIP). The CIP is a long-range schedule of projects developed for a five-year period and contains estimated costs, and sources of funding. The CIP should be updated annually and presented at the Township annual meeting. Development of the Township Center with expanded recreational facilities, n_ew Township offices, a community and senior citizens center, and expanded library facilities would fulfill immediate Township needs. Further study should be initiated regarding proposed facilities and estimated costs. Full development of the Township Center may require outside sources of funding. The highest priority for road improvement is M-36. The Planning 0 mm_ission should form a study committee to evaluate the :riteria st . ablished by the Department of State Highways and Transportation for ~rnprovement of M-36. Alternative sources of funding improvements should Me s~udied. High priority locally funded road projects are the paving of Rernlf Road and improvement of intersections at M-36 and Strawberry Lake 00 ~Immediate consideration should be given to the construction of a ~rvi_ce drive at the rear of the businesses on M-36 near Hamburg Village. e _implementation of this concept is discussed more extensively in the next section. ; 57 II �5. One of the greatest obstacles to overcome in the location of new school facilities is the apparent lack of coordination between School Boards and the Township Planning Commission. Annual meetings between these bodies should be scheduled to discuss Township growth patterns and the impact on school facilities. 6. The Township Board should consider establishing an ad hoc Public Safety Committee to review Township needs for police and fire protection. Immediate attention should be given to the location of a fire substation in the western portion of the Township. 58 �LAND USE PLAN The Land Use Plan depicted in Map 4 serves to translate Community Goals into a narrative and graphic illustration. It is based largely upon existing land use patterns, natural resource capability and adequacy of community facilities and services. The Land Use Plan Map is not intended to serve as a Zoning Map nor dictate the use of individual parcels of property. As a generalized guide to the location of growth and development, the Plan can serve as the basis for future zoning decisions such as rezoning requests and the issuance of special use permits. The Pion can also aid private individuals in finding suitable locations for proposed developments. hQCATION ST AND ARDS The following location standards for each major type of land use were used in developing the Land Use Plan. The residential densities that are indicated are to serve as a guide to overall densities within the various areas provided. Low density rural residential is planned for land areas least capable of supporting development, difficult to serve with community facilities, or reserved for residential development beyond the year 2000. Within this area, single family residences should be developed at one dwelling unit per two acres. However, the overall density of this area should be kept relatively low. The provision of low density rural residential will lead toward the preservation of open space and the rural atmosphere of Hamburg Township. M.:di~m density residential is intended for areas including and adjacent to exi~trng low density residential areas and certain undeveloped land areas whi~h are least capable of supporting development at higher densities. Medium density residential provides for single-family residences at a density of one dwelling unit per acre. 59 �~ J i. I a i r·-·-·-·~=~ ·-·-·-·-·-· ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·1 i i ! i i i i_,_,_ ,.... i i i •-·-·-•-•4 ;i I I I ! ,/ Brighton State Recreation Area -·-··-•-i (if' ··-·-·-·-· i ii 1· b,..........i i i i i ' i ! -·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-··-·-. __._ , - cc· I I - 1I l Ore Lake ""i I i - I i i i i i ____ _ J __ ~ INDUSTRIAL ~ PUBLIC & SEMI-PUBLIC [2;3] NATURAL RIVER - RESIDENTIAL f·-·-·-·l RECREATION & CONSERVATION STATE ~ RECREATION & CONSERVATION REGIONAL - LOCAL LAND USE PLAN HAMBURG TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN .... ~ AYRES. LEWIS. NORRIS & ENGINEERS ARCHITEC TS MAY, INC. PLANNERS �High density and Multiple family residential are intended for areas including and adjacent to existing medium density residential areas, capable of supporting development at higher densities, and located in close proximity to community facilities, service, transportation routes, and commercial areas. High density provides for single and two-family residences at two dwelling units per acre. Multiple family residential densities will vary depending upon on-site wastewater disposal and water supply regulations, but will generally be four dwelling units per acre. Natural river residential is located within the Huron Natural River District, as established by Huron River Management Plan adopted by the Natural Resources Commission. Commercial areas are intended to maintain and, in certain cases, expand existing commercial areas where population densities dictate. However, strip commercial development along M-36 is to be discouraged. Industrial areas are contained to the larger existing indus-trial areas. These areas are relatively isolated from residential areas and can be provided with existing and planned community facilities and services. ~NNING STRATE GIES The allocation of proposed land use for the Township as a whole is depicted by ~ategory in Figure 9. The amount of land devoted to residential land use will Leterrnine future population. The extent of residential land use proposed by the Use Plan will provide for a population of approximately 17,566 by the year 2 3~t 61 �Figure 9 PROPOSED LAND USE Land Use Total Acreage Residential Low Density Rural Residential Medium Density High Density Multiple fomily Commercial 9.650 5,055 680 140 250 lnciustrial 180 Public and Semi-Public 180 Recreation and Conservation State Local and Regional 3,840 545 Water 2,520 Total Prepared by Avres, Lewis, Norris and May, Inc. 62 23,040 �Figure 10 illustrates residential land use and the subsequent population by Planning Area. The residential land use acreages and densities represent the upper limit which should be permitted within each Planning Area. Figure I 0, in conjunction with the Land Use Plan, should be used as a growth management tool. By regularly monitoring residential land use, the Township can ensure that population projections, al located by Planning Area, are not exceeded. For example, as the amount of high density residential approaches 680 acres within the Hamburg Planning Area, the Township should act to limit additional units. The Land Use Plan allows for the concentration of development in areas with a capable resource base and adequate community facilities and the reduction of densities in areas not capable of supporting development. To preserve the rural character of the Township and reduce the cost of providing services, the Plan promotes very low residential densities in currently undeveloped areas in the northern, southern and western portions of the Township. A vigilant policy of concentrating growth in the appropriate areas will lead toward easing developmental pressures in areas which are not capable of supporting development or should be preserved for very low density development. More specific planning st rategies are discussed by Planning Area in the remainder of this section. The Hamburg Village Area has historically been a center of governmental, social and commercial activity. It is the area of closest proximity to U.S. 23 and the metropolitan Detroit area. Further, the Village has a large proportion of land capable of supporting development. rhe Land Use Plan calls for the continuation and enhancement of Hamburg Village Crea as the primary center of community activity. Development of the Township enter at Merrill Field will relocate the center of community activities but should not d~tract fr~m the overall objective for this area. A concentration of medium ~nd high ?ensity residential, multiple family residential, commercial and industrial f?nd use in this area will be more easily served in the future by schools, police and ire protection, utilities, and other community services. 63 �I Figure 10 PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL LAND USE BY PLANNING AREA Planning Area Homburg LD MD HD MF Gross Acreage Net Acreage No. of Units Population 480 380 680 140 36 285 510 105 18 285 1020 420 56 884 3162 1302 Subtotal 5404 Lower Lakes Lb 3980 2385 MD 398 1789 199 1789 Subtotal 617 5546 6163 Up~r Lakes lo 2175 1625 MD 218 1220 109 1220 Subtotal 338 3782 4120 Rush Lake lo MD 1985 665 199 500 100 500 310 1550 1860 1030 103 52 _J_g) 160 Subtotal State Lands LO Subtotal TOTAL LO MD HD MF Low Density Residential and Reserve ( I unit/2 acres) Medium Density (I unit/acre) High Density (2 units/acre) Multiple Family (4 units/acre) Net Acreage Population 17,707 Gross acreage minus acreage allocated to streets, utilities, other improvements and unbui ldable area. In MD, HD, and MF net acreage is assumed to be 75% of gross acreage. In LD net acreage is assumed to be I 0% of gross acreage due to overall lower densities, proximity to urban concentrations, and unbui ldoble orea. Based upon number of units x 3. IO persons per unit (SEMCOG Alternative Six) Prepared by Ayres, Lewis, Norris & Moy, Inc. L 64 �Although residential development is concentrated in this area, it is important that some areas be maintained in low density residential and reserve. Existing industrial areas will probably not expand without public sewers. The Township should consider developing the area north of and east of M-36 as an industrial park. Existing commercial areas are maintained but the extension of strip commercial development along M-36 is strongly discouraged. The commercial area along M-36 could be greatly improved by the construction of a service drive at the rear of the existing commercial uses. The advantages of a service drive would be to reduce congestion along M-36 by eliminating the multitude of curb cuts, allow for the landscaping and beautification of M-36 commercial frontage, open the interior of the area for commercial development, and enhance the area as a center for community commercial activity. Th~ Lower Lakes Area and the Upper Lakes Area will continue largely as residential areas very closely tied to lake waterfronts. To minimize pressures on the lakes, overall residential densities should be kept as low as possible. Currently und:veloped areas which are not capable of supporting development are ?esignated as very low density residential and reserve. This is especially critical in_ ~lose proximity to the lakes where individual septic systems and wells are utilized. To maintain open space and rural character, areas south of Strawberry Lake Road, and north of Ore Lake should be held in reserve or developed at low densities. ~~di~m density residential development is contained to existing developed areas. pxisting densities are medium to high around Ore, Buck, Strawberry, Zukey, ortage and Baseline Lakes. In areas with medium to high densities that are not ca~able of supporting such development, overall densities can be reduced through ~aintaining vacant areas or requiring that they be developed at lower densities. urther, the replacement of dilapidated structures on small lots should not be encouraged. Exi st ing commercial areas at Buck Lake and Lakeland are retained, while the cornm enca · I area at Chilson Road and M-36 ' · · is expanded. The extension o f strip cornmercial development is strongly discouraged. 65 �Concentrations of medium density residential, commercial and public land uses will enhance the Rush Lake Area as a secondary center of community activity. The proximity to schools and the Village of Pinckney coupled with a capable resource base makes the area north of M-36 and west of Pettysville Road very attractive for more intensive residential development. Expanded commercial activity should be provided near Pettysville Road and M-36 to serve the additional population. Areas north of Rush Lake Road and west of Pettysville are to be held in reserve or developed at very low densities. Within the State Lands Area, the Land Use Plan designated privately-owned lands as very low density residential and reserve. The proximity to the Brighton State Recreation Area and the lack of accessibility to community facilities and services make the area inappropriate for any higher density development now and well into the future. ~TURAL RESOURCE STRATEGIES Throughout this document, the importance of the natural resource base has been e~phasized. The correlation of land use density to natural resource capability will help promote preservation of natural amenities. However, the Master Plan ~ust address the quality as wel I as the quantity of land use within the Township. : 0 ~mitment to protection of Township resources will require the adoption of policies directed toward the following specific resource problems: I. Drainage - The increase in development activity will place additional burden on existing natural drainage systems unless preventive measures are adopted. The overtaxing of drainage systems could lead to localized flooding, environmental damage, and costly storm drainage improvements to be borne by taxpayers. By prompting the preservation of natural drainageways and providing stormwater retention basins, the impact of development upon drainage systems can be minimized. Although the County Drain Commissioner approves drainage plans for new subdivision plats, the Township should adopt more stringent drainage standards for not only subdivisions but also other development activity under their authority. 66 �2. Floodplains - It is undeniable that the majority of Township residents live within a floodplain. Any attempt to eliminate existing floodplain development will continue to be met with resistance by Township residents. However, realistic regulations can be developed which are consistent with the existing situation in Hamburg Township. The adoption of regulations should not render the floodplain useless. Within the floodplain there are varying degrees of hazard which require different regulatory treatment. The floodway is that portion of the floodplain which directly adjoins the stream channel and endures frequent flooding and strong currents. The f loodway is an inappropriate area for permanent construction, especially designed for human habitation. However, the area within the floodplain but outside the floodway serves as a backwater storage area and may be developed provided structures are elevated above the flood level or f loodproof ed. Township policies toward floodplain regulations should: (a) recognize the difference between the f loodway and the remainder of the floodplain; (b) prevent future development within the floodway; and (c) require future nonfloodway floodplain development to be elevated or floodproofed. 3. Surface and Groundwater Qua I ity - Many of the activities affecting water quality in the Township such as the Brighton and Northfield Sewage Treatment Plants occur outside of the jurisdiction of Hamburg Township. However, there is much that can be done within Township boundaries to maintain and improve surface and groundwater quality. Many natural conditions influence the quality of groundwater. However, groundwater may become contaminated by the improper disposal of Surface water quality is poll utan ts into the groundwater reservoir. influenced by: 67 i:::--- - 7 ~ zz~, .., ;;,: ,, " " I 11 I �a. activities within the lake or river such as swimming, boating, waterfowl population, etc. Impacts of these activities are generally shortterm in nature. b. activities within the watershed, such as construction, agricultural management practices, and septic system functioning. Surface runoff within the watershed carries fertilizers, pesticides, soil particles, animal waste and other debris into surface waters. Impacts of these land use activities in the watershed are long-term in nature and are primary causes of water pollution. Property values, public health and the quality of life in Hamburg Township are highly related to the maintenance of surface and groundwater quality. Given the complexity of the problem, no attempt will be made in this document to propose solutions. However, the Township, in cooperation with the various lake associations, may wish to explore a possible mechanism to begin the study of water quality problems. 4. Natural Topography and Vegetation - For those who have resided in an urban setting, the intrinsic value of rolling topography, trees and vegetation is well understood. Poorly conceived subdivision activity has unwisely removed tree cover and involved massive grading to minimize site development cost. The scarcity of large tracts with woods or rolling topography make those that still exist highly valuable. The land use densities proposed by the Land Use Plan will promote the preservation of existing vegetation and topography. Further, specific standards can be applied to subdivision plat regulations and site plan review to require preservation of tree cover, the provision of landscaping and buffer strips, and the minimization of site grading. The adoption of a Planned Unit Development Ordinance, discussed under Implementation Recommendations, wi II encourage preservation of open space, vegetative cover, and natural topography. 68 �IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS I. The Land Use Plan reflects long-term desired growth patterns, densities and . land uses. One of the principle means of implementing the Land Use Plan is through the Township Zoning Ordinance. Future rezoning requests and special use permits should be reviewed for agreement with the basic proposal of this Plan. A table in the Appendix illustrates the relationship between current zoning districts and the land use classifications proposed by the Land Use Plan. 2. Several specific areas of the Township Zoning Ordinance should be reviewed and revised: a. Permitted and special uses in each Zoning District should be reviewed for compatibility with current conditions in the Township and the Land Use Plan. Since the adoption of the Ordinance in 1968, certain uses may no longer be appropriate for the district in which they are located. b. Administrative rules, procedures and standards should be updated to conform to revision in the Township Rural Zoning Act, and changed conditions in the Township. c. Traditional zoning is designed to segregate uses by districts and establish rigid standards for each district. In most cases, this approach is necessary and appropriate. However, creative land planning, unique natural conditions, and the social needs of residents are overlooked to meet the basic requirements of the ordinance. To encourage more creative design, preservation of open space, and mixed use of a site, a Planned Unit Development (PUD) provision should be incorporated in the Zoning Ordinance. A PUD option is intended for larger sites and allows for integrated site design, clustered buildings, preservation of common open space, and mixed building types and land use (residential, community facilities, commer- 69 �cial, and recreational). Densities are calculated for an entire site rather than on a lot-by-lot basis. Clustered building sites allow for the preservation of open space and the reduction in site development and utility costs. The mixture of building types and land uses provides a more creative and interesting development. d. 3. 4. A more detailed site plan review process has recently been incorporated into the Township Zoning Ordinance. Site plan review will permit the Township to exercise more control the quality of land development by requiring approval by the Planning Commission of detailed site plans for proposed development. The site plan will illustrate the relationship of the development to neighboring areas, compliance with zoning district regulations, and special considerations such as landscaping plans, parking and traffic circulation, and preservation of natural features. The recent revision and adoption of the Subdivision Plat Ordinance, prepared in accordance with the Michigan Subdivision Control Act, is a major step toward regulating the quality of land subdivision in the Township. Unfortunately, many aspects of platting activity go beyond the control of the Township. The full cooperation of County and State agencies with plat approval authority should be sought so that the best interests of the Township are served. There is a need for better coordination of County agencies in the platting process so that potential problems or conditions associated with a particular subdivision plat may be better communicated to the Township. To avoid costly drainage improvements in the future, and promote uniform requirements, the Township may wish to consider adopting standards for storm drainage improvements to be applied to new subdivision plats and site plans. The standards would be designed to regulate the amount of storm runoff permitted to leave a development site so that existing drainage systems are not overburdened. 70 f, �5. Although much pub I ic debate has been devoted to floodplain zoning, a great deal of misunderstanding still exists. As was experienced with the adoption of a Natural River Residential District, reasonable regulation can be developed which promotes the public interest while protecting private rights. The recent completion of detailed floodplain mapping provides accurate information to Hamburg citizens. The Floodplain Citizens Committee should now proceed with developing floodplain zoning regulations. 6. The maintenance and, in some cases, improvement of water quality within the Township will be largely influenced by the efforts of Township residents. Although numerous lake associations exist, there is a need for these groups to pool their efforts to achieve a common goal. It is recommended that an Inter-Lakes Association be formed composed of representatives of each lake to discuss and solve common problems. 7. Improvements along M-36 near Hamburg Village will only be achieved through the cooperation of the businesses located there. An M-36 Business District Committee should be established composed of Planning Commission representatives, businessmen and other interested citizens to explore methods to improve traffic circulation and safety, visual appearance and economic utility of the M-36 business strip. 71 d, �Appendix �LAND USE CLASSIFICATIONS AND APPLICABLE ZONING DESIGNATIONS f Applicable Zoning District(s) Land Use Proposed Density Low Density Rural Residential and Reserve I unit/2 acres RAA-Single Family Low Density Rural I unit/60,000 sq ft. Medium Density Residential I unit/acre RA- Single Family Medium Density I unit/30,000 sq. ft. High Density Residential 2-4 units/acre RB - Single Family High Density I unit/ I 0.000 sq ft. Multiple Family Residential 4 units/acre RC - Multiple Family Residential varies depending on size of development Natural River I unit/acre NR - Natural River Residential I unit/30,000 sq. ft. Commercial NA NS - Neighborhood Service CS - Community Service NA NA Industrial NA I - Industrial NA Actual Density �HAMBURG TOWNSHIP ASSESSED VALUATION 1971 - 1979 Agriculture* Commercial Industrial Residential TOTAL 1971 3,022,225 620,240 360,710 23,388,362 27,391,537 1972 4,565,435 648,235 451, 130 28,540,215 34 . 205,015 1973 4,760,833 700, 170 370 ,050 30,612,272 36,443,325 1974 5,349,688 828,360 416,770 36,867,228 43,462,046 1975 6,444,600 909, 140 884,370 42,075,354 50,313,464 1976 998,550 1,015,070 53 , 476 408 55 ,490,028 1977 1,037,650 I, 131,100 60, I04 839 62,273,589 1978 1,154 . 640 1,154,900 74 ; 186,287 76,995,827 1979 I, 611 1,689,690 87,964,210 91,265,690 , 790 *Agricultural valuation discontinued in 1976. Source: ft Hamburg Township and compiled by Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May, Inc. �SEMCOG SMALL AREA FORECASTS ALTERNATIVE POPULATION PROJECTIONS HAMBURG TOWNSHIP. 1990 and 2000 Projected Population Alternative 1990 2000 Alternative One - Local Plans Modified by Trends in Local Policy Changes. The Trend Alternative shows the distribution of population, households and jobs that would result if current trends in the implementation of local plans were continued through the year 2000. 11,294 17,435 Alternative Two - Local Plans Modified by Strong Resource Conservation Policies. The Conservation Alternative shows the distribution of population, households and jobs that would result if public policies were developed to encourage development within the urbanized area of Southeast Michigan making use of existing sewers and households and reducing public service and utility costs. 9,949 13.043 Alternative Three - Local Plans, Modified by County Plans and/or Policies. The County Plans Alternative shows the distribution of population, households and jobs that would result if the existing plans and policies of the counties were followed. 12,562 14.983 �Projected Population Alternative !990 2000 Alternative Four - Market Forces, Unrestrained. The Market Forces Alternative shows the distribution of population, households and jobs that would result if no public policy restraints were placed on where development could occur in the seven-county area. This alternative shows what happens if there is no check on urban sprawl. 8,162 16,330 Alternative Five - Local Plan, Unmodified. The local Plans alternative shows the distribution of population, households and jobs that would result if policies contained in local plans were followed without modifica-tion. Since many local plans tend to favor growth, this alternative puts few limitations on urban sprawl. 15,379 23.304 Alternative Six - Local Plans Modified by Adopted SEMCOG Policy Recommendations. The SEMCOG Alternative is a moderate conservation policy which makes use of existinq housing and sewers, and conserves sensitive lands. 12,102 17,566 Source: Southeastern Michigan Council of Governments, Small Area Forecasts � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hamburg-Twp_Master-Plan_1979 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hamburg Township Planning Commission, Hamburg Township, Livingston County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-11-26 Title A name given to the resource Hamburg Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Hamburg Township Master Plan was prepared by the Hamburg Township Planning Commission and Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May, Inc. and was approved by the Hamburg Township Board on November 26, 1979. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Hamburg Township Planning Commission (Mich.) Livingston County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/963639d4f5f2d4cefb9c229b76e46511.jpg d539683bc6b1ee03fe06c82035af747a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_P027-0028a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-03-26 Title A name given to the resource Hamlander Brothers Printers, Chicago, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a man at work at the Hamlander Brothers Printers in Chicago, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Printing presses--Illinois--Chicago Chicago (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/feb8c1d3509fb45fdd4eccff7af8af4e.jpg 0106a65eb511b2e25fd55a50d3471845 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_001 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image two men shake hands before a dual while the court looks on. All are dressed in renaissance style costumes. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1a3287482a8a083d20c2e49917dd8372.jpg da6c65c27008389964e280ed3cca430a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image a king and queen hold hands while standing in front of their thrones. Two handmaidens stand at attention on either side. All are dressed in Renaissance style costumes. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/09c5acee6362e64e605b5f6e6a1d55e0.jpg f2b5cf365cc00287e925b4a19ee13a37 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image Horatio kneels beside a dying Hamlet. Behind them other dying men lie on the ground as the women of the court mourn them. Several soldiers investigate the scene. The performers are all dressed in Renaissance style costumes. The set is made of tiled stairs. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec0d882cdca26d64e01dae01b50ac408.jpg 8ddd523f657e7594a411730a4e29ccc2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_030 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image Hamlet and Horatio speak with the graveyard keeper, who stands on a platform sunken below the stage. Beside the three men sits a skull. All wear Renaissance inspired costumes. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/87dc6fc7f6e439cb8c171cb64dcb1e2e.jpg 56d3b5d15a6807a170fe1a72e59928bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_032 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image a dazzlingly dressed man takes off his hat and waves a handkerchief. He has a saber strapped to his waist. His costume is Renaissance style with bright colors and a decorative ruff around his collar. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1fc8de2c916eb29fbb4a2c1a6de58317.jpg c92d7eb4bb13f841658f62af398b4547 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_035 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image Ophelia, flanked by pair of concerned onlookers, lies on the ground in a shift with leaves in her hair and wails. All performers are wearing Renaissance inspired costumes. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/54d3179dced92936eb1404d449fa42ef.jpg 9c725b97fa2a1a8003552a10b9fff3bd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_055 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image two performers in theatrical masks, dressed as a king and queen, mime a kiss with one another. The set behind them is a painted wooden background with two trees. Both wear Renaissance inspired costumes. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b54a4998b3a4ed50bf2440ce5b48e900.jpg cce0989cf937e93083f3a0055b24880b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_066 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image a young man points the tip of his sword at the king's chest. The queen grabs on to his arm and looks at him pleadingly. Behind them two thrones sit empty. All wear Renaissance inspired costumes. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4d15cc6212b83a8c4c37cd2eadd9e124.jpg 19af52e674bdae8a8f98bbc6663a5eab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_084 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image a man gives a dramatic performance while kneeling. Hamlet and the rest of the theatre troupe look on. They are all positioned on a large set of stairs leading up to a railed platform. All wear Renaissance inspired clothing. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/baf2d0f8813eeb8b7f54cdec61e2e82d.jpg ed42e2bf13c335c1068bde9fafe2a5f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2005F-Hamlet_122 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Title A name given to the resource Hamlet (theater production), 2005 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2005 production of "Hamlet." In this image Hamlet, dressed in black, poses pensively with Yorick's skull. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2005s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/83b6d4608e20f3e13575d807928be8bd.jpg 076c3c910c470d1e2437ea37d3fd17dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Lincoln and the Civil War. PS1381 .H35 1898 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0225 Title A name given to the resource Hammer and Rapier Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Decorative Designers (Designer) Description An account of the resource Binding of Hammer and Rapier, by John Esten Cooke, published by G. W. Dillingham Co., 1898. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1898 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives