340 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d55e39906ed5a6a6f19ac79f740dc74a.jpg 81232ccf935083d0213789b378439e65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00188 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1918-1921 Title A name given to the resource Gauges rainfall at Tai Shan station at mission Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of a group of men, standing near a metal rain gauge inside a small open-sided square structure. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides China Gages Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9e7910f4460bb6fd4003a9b07c428c9a.mp4 a92d025217987fc30732ed86708cfa56 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/830b9dd579916f53db45c5273e321c46.pdf f798b8f730e9d26222f84fa162d3d2b3 PDF Text Text Gautreau, Raymond Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Vietnam War Interviewee’s Name: Raymond Gautreau Length of Interview: (52:02) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Maluhia Buhlman Interviewer: “We’re talking today with Raymond Gautreau of Rockford, Michigan and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay, so start us off with some background on yourself and to begin with where and when were you born?” Whitinsville, Massachusetts January 12th, 1948. Interviewer: “Did you grow up there?” (00:22) Well, lived in Massachusetts for three and a half, four years then moved to upstate New York, Cornwall on the Hudson for just one year, then moved to Norwich, Connecticut and lived there from the time I was five until the time I was 12 then I moved to Keene, New Hampshire where I graduated high school and joined the Marine Corps. Interviewer: “Alright, what was your family doing for a living when you were growing up?” My father worked in factories, textile, you know New England before everything moved south, there were textiles and he was in textiles and my mom worked in a mill too but in the office. Interviewer: “So when did you graduate from high school?” 1965 June. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Alright and what motivated the decision to join the Marine Corps?” Well my family was fairly dysfunctional and they wanted me– I didn’t want to be there, they didn’t want me there and I knew that from the time I was like eight or nine years old. So the only thing they said was “you’re graduating high school.” and “Get out.” So I enlisted actually in April before I graduated, graduated in June and was in Marine Corps in July. Interviewer: “Okay, and why did you pick the Marine Corps?” Because it was the baddest of them, I don’t know, cause I don’t swim well I didn’t want to go in the Navy. Interviewer: “Well there you go, okay now at the time you enlisted were you paying much attention to the news or what was happening in the world?” (1:58) Oh we watched the Vietnam War on T.V it was just cranking up in 1965 so I thought “Oh yeah I’m gonna go to war.” Interviewer: “Okay, so at that age that didn’t really bother you?” No, politics or anything like that no, I had no idea. 17 years old when I graduated, 17 when I went into the Marine Corps. Interviewer: “Alright so you had to have your parents signature for that?” Oh yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, so where do they send you now for boot camp?” Parris Island. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Talk about Parris Island, what’s that like when you get there?” Hot, muggy, it was in August, yeah you know it was tough but I was in shape, I've always kind of been in shape, basketball, baseball, football. So you know all the physical stuff wasn’t too bad but the intimidation was eye opening for me at first, you know. Interviewer: “Okay, now how do they actually get you to the base, how do you get from home to Parris Island?” I took– From New Hampshire I took a bus to Boston from Boston I took a plane to– I don’t know, somewhere in South Carolina and then from there a bus to Parris Island. Interviewer: “Now what time of day do you go on the base?” I don’t know it was at night as I remember it, the bus is at night and the D.Is are screaming at you, you don’t know, you can’t see anything, you know that’s the first part of it the tearing down and intimidation. (3:30) Interviewer: “Alright now how long does it take them to process you before you start the regular training just overnight and then they do everything?” What do you mean regular training I mean boot camp is separate from everything, boot camp is just we’re gonna make you muscles and you’re gonna listen to and you’re gonna do everything we say and that’s what boot camp is and then you go to infantry training, the next set. In infantry training they’re gonna, you know, teach you about your pack and your underwear and how to fight and platoons and whatever, I don’t know, then you go to your base. Interviewer: “Alright now how long was the boot camp?” Boot camp I think was six weeks at that time– Or eight weeks. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Probably eight, most of them are eight and it’s longer earlier when they combined them with the infantry training, but anyway now what kind of people were going there at that time? Were they all like you or from different places?” Hard to say, ones I remember were mostly, well from the east coast from New England, Parris Island that’s where the east coast is. Maybe some southerners, Alabama, seems to me there was some Alabama people. Interviewer: “Okay, were there any black recruits?” Maybe one or two. Interviewer: “Okay, so not many.” No. Interviewer: “Alright and how long did it take you to adjust to the way they did things in boot camp?” (4:57) Not long because at home if I didn’t adjust I got my ass beat so I knew how to conform really quick, you know you do that to stay alive when you’re young it’s just something you learn. Interviewer: “So you had some survival skills coming in that happened to fit.” I think so. Interviewer: “Alright and you were in good physical shape so you can kind of handle the PT part of things.” Yeah. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Okay, and so you get through that eight weeks and then where do you go for your next stage of training?” Camp Geiger for infantry training and I don’t remember how long that was. Interviewer: “Now where is Camp Geiger?” And I couldn’t tell you where camp Gei– I’m gonna say it’s in South Carolina, it’s either in South Carolina or North Carolina, it might be next to Lejeune, it might be attached to Lejeune in North Carolina. Interviewer: “Yeah cause Camp Lejeune is a big base with a lot of subdivision and so forth so may well have been there, but you weren’ staying on Parris Island for that they moved you.” (5:43) No we moved, yeah we left Parris Island, graduated from Camp Geiger, yeah yeah. Interviewer: “So now you’re doing infantry training?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and were the people who were training you had some of them already been overseas?” Yeah even in Parris Island some of them had been overseas I think. I’m thinking if I remember correctly one of my pistol 45 instructors has been. Interviewer: “Yeah cause the Marines went in in fours in marching ‘67 but you have people– Some were in for limited times and some were over there earlier.” �Gautreau, Raymond I’m sure that there were people there in ‘63, ‘64, whatever. Interviewer: “We had advisors and we had people who were on the air bases so yeah, anyway you’ll get more later but now your training itself to what extent was the infantry training geared for Vietnam?” The only thing I remember about it really is a 25 mile march in one day, you know full pack I mean we did it up at four don’t get back to, whatever midnight I don’t know what time it was, but yeah we did the march. That’s about the only thing I remember about ITR. Interviewer: “Okay, remember what kind of weapons you trained on?” M-14. Interviewer: “But did you also get to use a machine gun or a mortar or anything like that?” (7:13) No, boot camp– Well we might have had hand grenade training in ITR, that might have not been boot camp but boot camp was M-14, 45 caliber pistol, I don’t remember where hand grenade training– That was, no I think hand grenades was Parris Island also actually. Interviewer: “But then ITR–” But same thing M-14. Interviewer: “Alright but in ITR they’re not adding to the mix then?” I don’t remember that. Interviewer: “Okay, and how long did the ITR last?” �Gautreau, Raymond Maybe six weeks again, who could say. Interviewer: “Okay, alright once you complete that what do they do with you next?” Then you get assigned to your first unit, which mine was Foxtrot 210, 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune which is a 105 millimeter howitzer battery. That was my first real job, I was in artillery. Interviewer: “So now you’ve got your regular duty assignment.” My MOS, military occupational specialty 0811. Interviewer: “Was that just artillery?” That’s artillery man. Interviewer: “Okay now were you put on a gun crew right away?” (8:30) Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and how many men would be on a 105 crew at least there?” I think there was supposed to be eight but there hardly ever was, maybe six or seven, or maybe there’s supposed to be six and there’s always five, I don’t know. Interviewer: “Okay, but you always had the sense that there weren’t as many people as there should be or at least officially?” Yeah, I guess so. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Well on a practical level how many men does it take to operate a 105 howitzer?” Oh boy two, four, you could do it with four. Well actually you could do it with one, I’ve done it myself. What they called H&I harassing and identifiers at night, you’re the only person on a gun you’ve got gun watch, and they say “Traverse right.” you pick up the whole gun by yourself, by the trails, and you traverse the gun to the right and aim it, do whatever you have to to fire it yourself. Set the– You know you make the round up, what charge at night it’s usually illumination round and then when they say “Fire!” you fire it, but usually there’s at least five people there. Interviewer: “Alright, now were you getting just on the job training at this point, were they showing you how to fire the gun or how to do the different jobs?” Well first of all they show us how to clean it for months just– We didn’t even fire it, no and then we took a float to Vieques Island as a matter of fact which was a firing area that the United States was using, I don’t think they’re using it anymore and that was– I think that was the first time I actually fired a howitzer. (10:18) Interviewer: “Okay, that’s an island near Puerto Rico and it got used a lot for Navy target practice–” And Marine Corps. Interviewer: “But you actually landed on the island–” Oh yeah. Interviewer: “And set up your guns and fired them?” Oh yeah, lived in tents, yeah it was a field exercise. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Okay, and about how long would you be there when you went there?” Ten days, floated– You know some type of troops ship, floated there and floated back. Interviewer: “And when you landed on the island did they put you in landing craft or just go up to a dock and get off?” I don’t– We might have used nets and landing craft at that time, I don’t recall. I know at one time I did use nets, but I'm not sure if it was there– It would’ve had– Yeah I think it would’ve been there. Interviewer: “Might’ve been it was kind of standard practice at that point, so–” Just to get us used to, you know– Interviewer: “[unintelligible] Now how long did you wind up spending at Camp Geiger?” (11:23) Camp Lejeune. Interviewer: “Lejeune now, yeah Geiger was training.” Till the next– June I guess and then I had my orders so I took 30 days leave in July and from there flew– Well from home flew to San Diego, Camp Pendleton, walked around the sand dunes and the hills up there for a couple of weeks then got on a ship again and floated to Vietnam. Interviewer: “Alright, now what was the sea voyage like?” �Gautreau, Raymond It was only a week I think or ten days, we were supposed to stop in Hawaii but we didn’t. Well that was the rumor anyway “Oh yeah we’re gonna stop in Hawaii, it’ll be fun!” No, didn’t happen we floated right by. Interviewer: “So what was the weather like on the way over?” Warm, hot, it’s summer. Interviewer: “So no big storms or anything like that.” No, nope big storms come later, I got a story about big storms you’ll see, that’s on a hospital ship. Yeah so destination, Da Nang South Vietnam. Interviewer: “Okay, and when you arrive at Da Nang were they using–” This is where we use the nets, because I remember going in on a Mike boat. So this is where– Yeah we use nets and we climbed onto the Mike boats. (12:40) Interviewer: “So what is a Mike boat?” Open personnel craft. Interviewer: “An LCM.” Yeah, smaller than LCT or LCUs whatever. Interviewer: “Yeah but basically just a landing craft and it’s the one with the door that goes down in the front.” That’s the way I remember it. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Okay, and do they have you go with full pack and charge out or were they not doing that anymore?” Okay, here’s something I know– Of course before we get there, the D.Is in Parris Island, the instructors in ITR, everyone at Pendleton is telling us even the little kids have grenades in their diapers and you can’t trust and Vietnamese so we’re going in a Mike boat and we didn’t have– “Don’t load your weapons, we’re going into Da Nang and we’re fine.” I said “Wait, wait what?” They tell us everybody's dangerous then tell us don’t load our weapons here, I was scared pretty much shitless right away and you go on land and it’s like right in the city and the war stays outside. There’s moms and kids and everybody else just walking around and you get on a truck and you go out to your position but yeah I was “Wait a minute, wait a minute what is this? Am I supposed to, you know shoot all these people or what?” And they said “No, no don’t worry about it.” So that was my introduction. Interviewer: “Okay, now what unit were you joining?” (14:08) Alpha Battery 1st Battalion 10th Marines, A-112, 12th unit sorry. Interviewer: “12th unit yeah, 10th Marines are back in the states. Okay and then which division was that a part of?” 3rd Marine Division. Interviewer: “3rd Marine Division, okay and where were you initially based?” It was outside of Da Nang and I keep thinking it wall Hill 81 or Hill 881 or something– Interviewer: “Probably 801, that’s close to Da Nang.” Oh do you know [unintelligible] 801? �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Well it’s a question of altitude cause it’s the meters of altitude above sea level, so close to Da Nang you have hills and then there’s like 55 so.” 55? We had to go to a little town we called Dogpatch before we could get to– Well Dogpatch was between Da Nang and our base, wherever the base was. The base had like three fingers to the hill and there was infantry auto five howitzers and 155 millimeter howitzers behind us about three or four fingers, whichever hill it was on. Interviewer: “Okay, and what sort of reception do you get when you show up to the base?” Oh you’re the new guy they’re gonna make fun of you, yeah oh yeah they did “Watch out for so and so he’s crazy.” Well you gotta wake him up now it’s his turn to go on guard duty, oh yeah now I gotta go wake up the guy that sleeps with his rifle. So yeah that stuff goes on until, you know you’ve been there for a while, you do your job, they know you can do your job and then you know it’s fine. Interviewer: “Now at the time that you joined them were they– I guess first of all chronologically when was this, when do you arrive in Vietnam?” (15:48) ‘66 it would’ve been I think August of ‘66. Interviewer: “Alright so summer of ‘66 and was there much activity at that time, were you firing very much?” Yeah we were firing quite a bit and there was just before that an attack on another artillery unit and I don’t remember anything other “Oh you guys just got here there was a huge” blah blah blah and yeah we were firing quite a bit we had some pretty big fire missions. I mean I don’t remember– Six guns, 20 rounds, that’s a lot to be throwing out there you know. Interviewer: “Now was your battery the only one on that base or was there a whole battalion there?” �Gautreau, Raymond Well there was 155 millimeter guns behind us– Interviewer: “Okay, so you’re 2nd Battery there.” Yeah and there was tanks and ontos with the infantry so they had, you know whatever [unintelligible] mortars I’m sure they had mortars and they might have even had four deuces, I’m not sure. Interviewer: “So it’s a pretty substantial base with a lot of fire power.” Oh yeah, it was yeah. Interviewer: “Alright now with an artillery unit like that did you ever have to do bunker duty or perimeter guard?” (16:59) Oh yeah, all the time. Interviewer: “Okay so what does that involve?” Okay, on Monday night you had guard duty on the– Sailing the gun. So it starts at eight o’clock at night, somebody’s on guard eight to 12, 12 to four, four till eight. On nights you don’t have guard duty on the gun there’s fox hole duty, same thing so many guys go in there four to eight, eight to 12, 12 to four, four to eight and if you don’t have that there is listening post which is outside the wire and that’s only two guys and you’re two guys with shotguns and grenades and scared shitless so you really don’t sleep, oh we’re— Yeah we get reports there, Vietnam out there, oh good I’m gonna go outside the wire. You’re only out there as an alarm anyway, you know if something happens you’re the first one that’s gonna shoot somebody and let everybody else know that yeah something’s coming. So that’s the mission, that’s the third– You were doing either one of those things every night. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Alright, now were the enemy making much effort to probe the base or harass you?” Not really, no most of the firing we did was, you know, miles away cause we could fire seven miles. Interviewer: “It would be when you’re on perimeter guard and so forth, was there anybody to shoot at?” No, not in that area, not on the base. Interviewer: “And then on the base at that point would you take occasional mortar rounds or snipers or things like that?” No, everything was outgoing at that point. Interviewer: “Alright, how long do you think you stayed on that base?” (18:45) We stayed there maybe, September, October, and into November. November I think we took trucks and went north, if I remember correctly it was by truck– Oh could’ve been by helicopter, I’ll bet it was by helicopter and we went to Con Thien, spent time in Con Thien, got wounded in Con Thien, December 10th, 1966… a mortar round after midnight blew up outside the hooch I was in and blew me all the way to the next guy’s thing, I got up right away, I knew I was hit, got my flak jacket and helmet and rifle together and cartridge belt, and made sure everybody else was out of the tent because I figured I was already hit so I’ll just make sure I’m not gonna get hit again. Everybody else got out, jumped in the fox hole, said “Come on, get in here!” And I said “No, I can’t jump in a fox hole.” So I laid down in front of it and waited for a corpsman and sat there– I don’t know, they took me into the exec pit, I was in shock, my whole body was just bouncing around on the floor. Interviewer: “Where were you hit?” �Gautreau, Raymond In the knee, in the groin, in the hip. Interviewer: “So just a bunch of shrapnel?” Yeah, which my body was doing what it was supposed to do I guess, and then they medevaced me out of there, went to Chu Lai– To the hospital in Chu Lai and they got the shrapnel out of my knee and out of my groin and in my hip they couldn’t get it out and they were trying to hold me down and this guy is poking around and I said “Now if you don’t have to, don’t do that. Not like that.” So he said “Okay, we can leave that in there.” I said “Okay, leave it in there.” Then went to the hospital for a week or so and just got shot up every day with, yeah I guess with painkillers and antibiotics, I don’t know. Then I went to hospital ship , was on hospital ship Repose for a while and this is where heavy rolls, on ships they have this gauge that hangs down and it’s 45 degrees especially [unintelligible] and we were on the deck of the hospital ship cause some of us finally were ambulatory and the ship would go like this and you’d see nothing but the sky and then the ship would go like this and you’d see nothing but the ocean way up here and they said “Okay everybody down below.” And we said “Good thinking.” And yeah that little gauge was going from one side to the other. (22:03) Interviewer: “Alright now let’s back up a little bit here, talk a little bit about Ban Pien, first of all where is that in Vietnam?” It’s further north, it’s north of Hue, Phu Bai. Interviewer: “Yeah, it’s almost at the DMZ.” Almost to the DMZ, rock pile, razorback, as a matter of fact– Oh I can’t remember where but one night we delivered ammo, I can’t remember where we delivered it to now, and that scared the heck out of me because we were just in trucks with no lights, jungle on both sides, you know are they gonna jump out of here or what I mean that was scary I would’ve shot anything that �Gautreau, Raymond moved that night, but yeah Con Thien, I don’t remember– You know we were there, we were firing again you know and I don’t remember how long we were there but yeah we didn’t get hit. Interviewer: “Now when you get out of– Well until you got hit, okay but was there more incoming fire though would the enemy shoot rockets or–” Mortars? Interviewer: “Mortars at you?” Well I don’t know after that night because– Interviewer: “Right but before that.” No, that was the first time I was ever mortared. Interviewer: “Wow, okay so just once.” (23:20) Just lucky. Interviewer: “Yeah that was something, okay about how long did that– When you’re on the hospital ship then did they send you back to your unit after that?” Yes. Interviewer: “So how long were you away from your unit do you think?” Long enough to lose 30 pounds, I don’t know, two months, maybe six weeks, I don’t know two months. Interviewer: “A lot of stuff took a long time.” �Gautreau, Raymond I know it was at least a week or ten days in Chu Lai, maybe– Oh I could tell you because it was after new years because we went to Hong Kong for new years. So it was after new years so it was at least– I’m gonna say at least a month before I was back. Interviewer: “We went to Hong Kong, did the hospital ship go?” The hospital ship. Interviewer: “Okay and then did you get to go on shore at that point?” Oh yeah. Interviewer: “Alright, so what was it like to go visit some place where there wasn’t the war?” (24:15) As an 18 year old idiot I got the clap and got rolled, got drunk, passed out, lost all my money but somebody– Luckily somebody put me back on a craft and got me back to the ship. Interviewer: “Alright, and how long did you stay there, was that just a couple of days?” Maybe just that one day. Interviewer: “Just that one day that was it huh, okay.” It was too much. Interviewer: “Okay so now you go back to your unit but when you get back to them have there been many changes in personnel or pretty much all the same guys?” No, pretty much all the same guys. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “So they hadn’t taken a lot of other casualties in the meantime.” No. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you’re on one of these bases what kind of accommodations for quarters do you have?” In Con Thien we had a plywood slab and we had I think a– I wanna say a ten man or a 12 man tent on that– Sitting on that slab and we had ammo boxes and ammo boxes were about this long– Can you see that? This long and they’re about this wide so you’d line up a bunch of empty ammo boxes, the rubber lady which is your air mattress goes on top of that and that’s your rack. You’re always in uniform, maybe take your boots and your flak jacket off and your helmet off to sleep but that’s about it, everything else you don’t take off. Interviewer: “Was there any protection, did you have sandbags or ammo boxes filled with dirt or anything like that?” (26:08) No, in Da Nang we had all that because we were there for so long but no, Con Thien the only thing we had was holes in the ground– Oh we had, you know built up walls where the gun pits were you know, CPs or somebody comes in with a bulldozer and just makes our gun pit. Interviewer: “But you’re not sleeping in a bunker?” No, no that was pretty much– Interviewer: “You don’t have sandbags, you just have tents.” It was a tent, that’s all it was,above ground. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Alright, now was your unit still at Con Thien when you went back or had they moved?” I think they were still at Con Thien when I got back, Cam Lo we went to– That might’ve been when we were in Cam Lo I don’t remember. Interviewer: “That’s another one of those bases that belonged to the NV.” Yeah it’s up there and then we also– Oh no I think this is after that we went into– Then I went into the special ending force, went into the DMZ and then came back to Camp J.J. Carroll but that was later on too. Interviewer: “Okay, you talk then, I guess about the landing force then what was going on there?” (27:10) That was after Con Thien, Cam Lo, we went on– I’m gonna say LPH Okinawa if I remember correctly and we were going to be in the first landing force to invade the DMZ in 1967, I don’t remember what month maybe April, maybe April I’m not sure. Interviewer: “That’s [unintelligible] so you were with them.” So yeah I’m with them, we were gonna have an amphibious landing, they had problems with helicopters so we went off and Amtracks amphibious track vehicles and we’ve got our 105 millimeter howitzer inside, and our ammo inside and they have sandbags and an M-60 up on top and an Amtrack crew and R-05 crew is up on top and they open up the back of the LPH we float out, we float in towards the DMZ and all of a sudden the Amtrack crew starts throwing sandbags off cause we’re sinking. So we all threw sandbags off, we made it, we got to shore and as soon as we got in we started to unload the guns and we got the guns off and dragging the guns in the sand– I can’t remember now exactly how we did that but just as we’re doing the F-4 phantoms come in and I’m thinking they were going faster than the speed of sound because they were gone and they were coming in at treetop level so it was just this super loud jet just there and then gone, �Gautreau, Raymond you know that’s gonna scare the hell out of the North Vietnamese, you know and that was pretty interesting the phantoms. So then we got set up in the DMZ and we had trouble, it was the whole special landing force there, there was infantry, there were artillery and we got a lot of rounds into opposition from North Vietnam, some say there were 1200 rounds a day, we had people killed, I just looked up the names on the wall and I’m not doing that again. So that was probably the hairiest time but the first time it’s incoming, you know it’s incoming, it doesn’t take long to figure it out, boy I’ll tell you. Interviewer: “Did you have holes?” Oh yeah we had holes, well that was sand so we had holes dug all over yeah, and one of the first times I jumped in a hole and I’m trying squeeze down in my boots and my helmet is all you can see and somebody jumped in next to me and they’re doing the same thing and we’re both going [heavy breathing] and there’s rounds landing all around us and pretty soon– As soon as the rounds stop coming in we have to get on the guns and shoot back. (30:38) So it’s an artillery group, as soon as the rounds stop coming in I get up to go and I look and it’s the captain of my unit who’s in the hole with me breathing just as hard as I was, I said “Okay, that’s good.” Yeah so that was– And then we had, I think it was the Missouri, the last time the Missouri, pretty sure Missouri was out and they fired a 16 inch white phosphorus round into our position, yeah that was a mistake, luckily nobody got hurt. By the time that that happened we all knew it was incoming, we were all in holes, you know by the time that round left the tube we were in holes, so yeah. Interviewer: “About how long do you think you were in the DMZ?” I don’t know, maybe a month, maybe three weeks, maybe a month. Interviewer: “So a little while, alright. As these things are going on do you have any knowledge really of what the bigger picture is or why you’re there or what’s happening or how things are going?” �Gautreau, Raymond No, I just want to get out of there alive and I just want to do my job, you know when it’s time to have a fire mission I want to be able to do what I’m supposed to do, you know that’s focusing I guess I don’t know. Interviewer: “Yeah, now did you have kind of regular jobs on the gun when you were in action?” Well I started out as a loader because I was, you know the first guy there, next I was ammo tech, then you go to gunner, and then assistant gunner which actually fires the weapon– You move up and you gotta know all the jobs, yeah when I was– I forget where we were I think it was Con Thien again, and I had to be section chief for a while cause we had nobody that was corporal or above so. Interviewer: “And is a section chief just in charge of your gun or–” Yeah, just one gun. (32:54) Interviewer: “But he’s above the level of the gunners.” Well he just happens to be the guy who has the headphones on and is connected to the– Yeah, I mean there were other guys that were E3s that were there so. Interviewer: “Alright, now did you get a set of information from Fire Direction Control or something like that to set the gun this way and then you just do what they tell you?” Yup, the guns oriented they know how it’s oriented with their maps so they could tell us angle of the barrel and deflection or to traverse left or right. Interviewer: “Yeah and then how much– What you could do to adjust the size of the charge, the range?” �Gautreau, Raymond Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and then so after the DMZ, you pull out, where do you go next?” Either after the DMZ we went to Con Thien or we went to Camp J.J. Carroll, I’m not really sure, I think it was– But I know Camp J.J. Carroll that was the last place that I remember being in Vietnam. Interviewer: “Okay, and was life any different at Camp Carroll then it was at Con Thien or Cam Lo or were they pretty much all the same?” First place I ever smoked marijuana was Camp J.J. Carroll, South Vietnam, 1967, been smoking ever since. Interviewer: “Was it– But was it any more or less safe than the other places?” (34:34) More safe, Camp J.J. Carroll, it was a big base. Interviewer: “Okay, and so there you had proper bunkers and things like that or at least more covering?” I don’t remember, we probably had the same thing, ammo boxes and rubber ladies, that was pretty much– In Da Nang we might’ve had cots, in Da Nang I think we had cots but after that I don’t remember being in a cot. Interviewer: “Right, okay now the places where you were did you ever see many of the South Vietnamese population, see civilians around?” Yeah, well Da Nang. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Da Nang you have, okay.” And occasionally you were chosen for a trip to go to Da Nang, I forget why pick up supplies or something, and you’d go through a Dogpatch, little town before Da Nang, and then you’d go into Da Nang again. So yeah we’d see– And there was a little village in, again on Da Nang where I was stationed on that hill, there was a little village next to the hill and they’d come in and get our garbage, so you know there was the barber and little kids, I’m sure I have pictures somewhere of me and some little kids, you know. Interviewer: “What impression did you have of them just in general?” Generally the older people just struggled to live and they smacked the kids around until the kids learned it. Interviewer: “Now did you find yourself not being scared by them after a while because when you first landed you were afraid they all had hand grenades?” (36:20) Yeah, you know I mean but again once I was there and in country and everything you know it was always round the clock weapons, always you know more ammo than you thought. When you first get there you’re supposed to have four ammo pouches or something but by the time you leave everybody’s got 19 ammo pouches hanging all over them so you’re never gonna run out of ammo, I don’t know. Interviewer: “Okay, well–” No, no after a while, you know I just– No I didn’t feel a threat I guess. Interviewer: “Okay, now as an artillerist would you still be carrying a lot of ammo around?” �Gautreau, Raymond Oh yeah, cause guerilla type war you never knew who and it was sometimes– Most of the time we were so close to an infantry unit anyway that, you know if they’re gonna attack they’d probably attack us before they attacked– Get the infantry through us or something, I don’t know their tactics. Interviewer: “But anyway you were close enough to–” Only one time though was I actually shot at that I know I was shot at and I shot back, other than that, you know I mean when we were in the DMZ I didn’t, you know I couldn’t see their artillery units and I’m sure they couldn’t see us but we kept firing back. Interviewer: “And so the incident when you actually didn’t have to fight with them can you talk about that or what happened?” Now we had gone, I forget why, we had taken two guns and we had gone into the field in choppers with these two guns, you know some type of operation and we were fine. (38:12) All we had was ourselves and the choppers and when we got there everything was fine, we fired some rounds and everything, fine, fine everything was okay, now let’s bug out we gotta get outta here. So we said– And that’s when we started taking rounds and everybody’s laying on the ground hiding, hiding, hiding, you know you can see the smoke or whatever so you shoot back but you don’t see anybody, and finally it stopped and we just got out of there. No one got hit, you know and we don’t know if we hit anybody but yeah. Interviewer: “Now were you– Did they give you M-16s by this time?” No, no. Interviewer: “You’re still on the M-14?” M-14. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Alright, now you had mentioned before that you had stops in Okinawa and the Philippines, where did those fit in your– Did those come later?” No, those were before– Well the Philippines– No, both of them were before SLF, special landing force. Interviewer: “Okay, alright so talk a little bit about those places.” They would’ve been before Con Thien too, if I remember correctly. We’ll be back after a short word from our sponsors. Interviewer: “Okay, so we were– Cause it was fairly common for a while for Marines to do some kind of jungle training before they went into Vietnam and do that either in the Philippines or Okinawa, but do you think you got that after you were in Vietnam for the while they pulled you out?” (39:50) Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, so then what happens or what do you do when you’re there?” Well Okinawa, again I might’ve only been 17 or just turned 18 in Okinawa, so again and I’m a– My dad was an alcoholic, I started drinking when I was like eight or nine or ten okay. So Okinawa was just drink and drink and drink at night and I forget what we did during the day, inspections, you know try and hide and sleep. The Philippines the only thing I remember about that is hiking in the jungles and firing. Yeah I don’t remember where we stayed or if we stayed on a ship, I’m thinking we stayed on the ship though in the Philippines. Interviewer: “And then you had your 13 months tour Vietnam, did you get an R&R?” No, I was supposed to go on R&R, when I got shot, blown up so. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “So the hospital ship was your R&R.” That was my R&R. Interviewer: “Alright, now as you started to get short, did that change the way you thought about things or what you did or did you just do the same thing till you left?” Well if I remember correctly we were in Camp Carroll at that time and there probably wasn’t much to do if I was short I’d probably let everybody know that I was short, but I really don’t remember much– I mean it was a huge base, I remember that. Interviewer: “Okay, now when the time comes for you to leave, what's the process now to get you out of Vietnam?” Well back to Da Nang, oh probably chopper, maybe C-130 to Da Nang then from Da Nang to Okinawa, from Okinawa fly back to– I’m gonna say San Diego but it could’ve been L.A, I’m not sure, went from there home for 30 days and then back to Quantico, Virginia. (42:20) I spent my last year schools demonstration troops in Quantico, Virginia, we showed officers training, what the O-5 is for. Interviewer: “Okay, let’s explain a little bit what you were doing there.” In Quantico? Interviewer: “Yeah.” Well that’s– I was– We fired no-fis, they had a range, I mean it was nothing far, you know half a mile to a mile maybe, you could see the truck out there the shell that we were aiming at, the tank or whatever it happened to be. So most of the firing was direct fire but there’d be bleachers in the back and officers just taking notes and we just brought fire. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Okay, alright–” And actually clinical was mostly veterans, people who knew what they were doing on a gun and could get it done really well. Interviewer: “So they had a lot of guys like yourself that had already been out in the field and they’re finishing out enlistments.” Yup. Interviewer: “Did you have a fair enough– Were there career guys there or were they all pretty much, at least the people you associated with, mostly like you?” Oh no there was some career guys, you know one of my best friends who actually wasn’t in the same unit as me but from boot camp on you’re told “Buddy, buddy, have a buddy.” And by the way when I got it ITR this guy, we wake up every morning “Hey buddy” “Hey buddy.” First thing. (44:00) Well then we got separated, I went to the O-5 Battery in Lejeune and he went somewhere else, I have no idea where he went, and I went to Vietnam– Oh no he was in the same unit as me at Lejeune so it was the same thing, wake up every morning “Hey buddy.” “Hey buddy.” I made weekends to his home in New Jersey, you know and then I went to Vietnam, and he wanted to go. He was signing lists but he didn’t go, he didn’t get assigned and I did, and I was over there until stationed us in the DMZ, and I’m in the DMZ one day and I’m cleaning the gun and all of a sudden I hear “Hey buddy.” And I just know immediately, and he’s just happy to be there “Oh yeah, look at all this we’re getting into man, is this great?” I go “No!” Yeah that was– And he stayed in the Marine Corps, you have to be a nob, he was a drill instructor, then he was a recruiting officer for a while and finally retired, he’s still in North Carolina. Interviewer: “Okay, now for you– You had what was basically a day job at that point now, just go out on the range and–” �Gautreau, Raymond Yeah, yeah, yeah plus everybody else– Well a lot of people are getting out of the Marine Corps, so yeah we pulled KT, we mowed the lawns, we all the– Yeah cause your guys are gone, see you later okay. Interviewer: “So how many months did you spend there?” Just about a year. Interviewer: “Yeah, about all you had left in those three years yeah.” Would’ve been September to the next– Or August or September to the next July. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you had off time did you go into Washington or other places?” Yeah I did, skating on the reflecting pool in the winter and I went to the museums and yeah on weekends we’d do that stuff but also– Was it the first year, ‘67 was the big peace march in Washington? (46:15) Interviewer: “There was one then, yeah and then more in ‘68.” Holy cow what are all– Look at the way these people are all dressed and let me take pictures of this and I went to– Okay, you know I was smoking pot, there were other Marines there smoking pot. So in Washington, D.C I went to Jefferson airplane country, holy cow what is going on here and oh boy everybody’s just tripping and stoned and drinking, I said “Oh wow, this is something I missed I guess.” Interviewer: “Now could they spot you as military because of the haircut?” Oh I’m sure, I’m sure. �Gautreau, Raymond Interviewer: “Now did you– To what extent, now that you’re back in the states, to what extent or how quickly do you become aware of the whole anti-war movement?” You know, not really while I’m still in, not really until I get out and I’m– I got married first time, might’ve been out of the Marine Corps in ‘68, I don’t remember, ‘69. No, ‘68 yeah I’m pretty sure I was married in ‘68 for the first time, but I just became a hippie and that marriage didn’t last just, you know– Who knows? Interviewer: “But basically while you were in even though you were based in the states it wasn’t making that much of an impression on you that there was an anti-war movement going?” No, I was just more of just let me get high, let me have fun. Interviewer: “Okay, alright so did the Marine Corps make an effort to encourage you to stay in?” (48:15) No I don’t think so, I don’t remember that just, you know “Okay, you’ve got three weeks left you staying or not?” “No, I'm going.” “Okay, go get your physicals and get out of here.” You know, if you stay you’re going back to Vietnam and I didn’t want to go back. Interviewer: “Okay, so now you get out 1968, you go find a job right away or do other things?” Well I had a fairly good job as an electrician’s assistant for a couple years and we were traveling and we’d get travel pay and so I did pretty good but then I quit that and went to school for electricity doing something, I forget but then I just dropped out and I was too stoned all the time. That’s what I wanted to do and, you know, lived in a commune for a year, couple years, that whole thing. Interviewer: “Alright, how did you wind up in Michigan?” �Gautreau, Raymond I had gone to Florida and met a woman in Florida who said “Oh come on to Michigan, my folks have a cottage on Lake Michigan, we can spend the summer there. Just smoke pot and have fun.” Yeah, well as soon as we got there her mother said “Oh what? You’re gonna what? You’re marrying my daughter.” So yeah, but never got along with the mother and the girl never left her mother so I ended up having to divorce her. Interviewer: “You wind up finding work here or?” Oh yeah, so I just stayed, I like Michigan. First of all Korea can’t touch us, we don’t get many hurricanes, we’re not getting a lot of– Interviewer: “Not a lot of earthquakes here.” Earthquakes, so Michigan yeah it’s not a bad place, worst thing we got to worry about is Asian carp, that’s fine. Interviewer: “Global warming can melt the snow, so yeah we’re good.” (50:20) Global warming, no I just– No. Interviewer: “Now if you look back now at the time that you spent in the Marine Corps, what do you think you took out of that, positive or negative?” I think I did a good job on what I was supposed to do and I’m, you know, proud of my service, you know on a whole it was a good experience I guess. I hope that my grandkids never have to go, you know but I’m just, you know I’m lucky I made it back, I’m still alive you know. Interviewer: “Alright, did you– I mean have you had any kinds of other issues whether issues PTSD kinds of things that you know of?” �Gautreau, Raymond Sure, I have therapy I take therapy, I’m 100% disabled, unemployable, wounds service connected, [unintelligible] So I do get coverage from the V.A and I appreciate that and they’ve gotten a lot better, there’s still room for improvement but– Interviewer: “Alright, so I appreciate you coming and sharing the story today so thank you very much.” You’re welcome. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GautreauR2155V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gautreau, Raymond J. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09 Title A name given to the resource Gautreau, Raymond (Interview transcript and video), 2017 Description An account of the resource Raymond Gautreau was born on January 12, 1948 in Whitinsville, Massachusetts, and graduated high school in New Hampshire in 1965. Since his family lacked empathy, Gautreau decided to join the Marine Corps after high school despite news about the war in Vietnam. For Basic Training, he was sent to Parris Island, South Carolina. After Basic, Gautreau was transferred to Camp Geiger, North Carolina, for Infantry Training. After that, he was assigned the Military Occupational Specialty of artilleryman in a 105mm Howitzer Battery attached to the 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Gautreau underwent artillery training with his new unit on Vieques Island near Puerto Rico before deploying to Da Nang, Vietnam. In Vietnam, he joined the A Battery, 1st Battalion, 12th Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division at a base outside Da Nang in 1966. His unit also spent some time closer to the Demilitarized Zone at Con Thien where, one night, Gautreau was thrown from his hooch by a nearby mortar explosion. He received shrapnel in the knee, groin, hip, and dropped in and out of consciousness as medics attended to his wounds. He was then medevacked to Chu Lai Air Base for proper medical attention before being transferred to a hospital ship en route to Hong Kong because of the severity of his injuries. After nearly two months, Gautreau returned to his artillery unit at Con Thien. His unit then participated in the nearly month-long amphibious invasion of the DMZ in April of 1967. For a short period, Gautreau served as his unit’s Section Chief in charge of their artillery cannon since there were few available Corporals and Noncommissioned Officers. After Con Thien, his unit transferred to Camp Carroll. At the end of his tour, Gautreau was flown back to Da Nang, then to Okinawa, Japan, before landing in California. For the rest of his deployment, he assisted the artillery range courses for the officer training at Quantico, Virginia. Gautreau was officially discharged from the Marines in 1968 and soon took up work as an electrician’s assistant before quitting, working several small jobs, and then moving to Michigan. Reflecting upon his time in the service, Gautreau was proud of his commitment and viewed it as an overall positive experience in his life. He is also appreciative of the benefits he received through the VA and hopes his grandchildren will never have to experience war in their lifetimes. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings Other veterans & civilians—Personal narratives, American Afghan War, 2001-2021—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/896bb175d597c3b886acb07a9273afb4.jpg e0d7178292289b42ae64b13faeb7986c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GaverJames Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Title A name given to the resource Gaver, James Description An account of the resource James Gaver, WGVC-TV Director Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1972s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/480f9df7d640e4f5ea429ba75995fd94.pdf 6c4aa1a9b0eac4e30d9bbf88ffbf4e2d PDF Text Text r - A special welcome to all our weekend visitors Gar. , . . Cn1cago MAGAZINE Brewed in a tragjtjonal Old World way called Kraeus.ening From the very ftrst day our brewery was opened. Heileman s Old Style has been fully , th~t's fully kraeusened . naturally carbonated . 1n the Uad1t1onal when you brew a beer twice you 've got a great. Hght beer and that in essence ,s what kraeusening is ell about Old World way Kraeusening is the most natural way to brew beer end Sure. we could use short cuts but we don 't, and wewon't Because at Old Style we don't aim to make the most beer. only the best the most expensive Most expensive because kraeusemng takes more ume. A pure-brewing. double-brewing art that Old Style insists on using to this very day When you brew a beer once you ve got a good beer but .' c--. -·- __ ._::> i L '?Cl/ That's why Old Style has been fully' that's fully kraeusened . naturally carbonated since 1853. Try Old Style Taste the differe nee Kraeusening makes. JUNE 27, 1985 VOL VI I, NO. 26 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-DouglasDunes_0039 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-06-27 Title A name given to the resource Gay Chicago Magazine - June 27, 1985 Description An account of the resource Front and back pages of Gay Chicago Magazine, Vol. VIII, No.26, and dated June 27, 1985. The front cover features an illustration of a shirtless man who appears to be running. The back cover features an advertisement for Kraeusening Old Style beer. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich) Allegan County (Mich) Advertising fliers Gay culture Gay press publications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the Saugatuck Douglas History Center as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/417a8fdafce628e676075727aae1294b.pdf 479d4c5b9c2d594e925685acb9df2f18 PDF Text Text f i ~~- A OUEER t TRANS / · I '\ ( PRIDE PROM Free floral festivities Light refreshmentsf Dancingf Selfie Setupf Dress up in floral attire or __..__ whatever suits youf Friday, April 6th 8-10pm Grand River Room 2250 Kirkhof Brought to you by: In The Margins Poetry Club - Queer & Trans People of Color - Triota Honor Society - Student Senate West Michigan Wiccans - Grand Valley Pokemon Club � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gay Gardens: A Queer & Trans Pride Prom Description An account of the resource Information on the dance, including what goodies will be there, and the date, time and location. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-04-06 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Gay pride celebrations Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2018_Gay-Gardens-A -Queer-&-Trans-Pride-Prom.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/06a08faaf4a07d9d6062f0d748b5e3da.pdf 2d9aff018c76e58b2bbda393f5ab4afe PDF Text Text Information, Contacts, Referrals, C_o nversation, a Gathering Space M6nday- Friday, 1-4:00 PM. 233 Lake Ontario Hall MILT FORD Liaison for GLBT Resources Professor of Liberal Studies Phone: (616) 331-3114 E-mail: fordm@gvsu.edu GLBT at GVSU website: www.gvsu.edu/glbt GRAN.D VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY ALLENDALE, Ml 49401 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_Resource-Center-Flyer_001 Title A name given to the resource Gay Lesbian Bisexual Transgender Resource Description An account of the resource Information on the center and resources offered. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5dff08deeaa26520704035b80e16abd5.pdf 81e0e7bad09854c2aa346421af60761e PDF Text Text N BISEXUAL TRAN OUR Information, Contacts, Referrals, Conversation, a Gathering Space Monday - Friday, 1-4:00 PM. 233 Lake Ontario Hall MILT FORD Liaison for GLBT Resources Professor of Liberal Studies Phone: (616) 331-3114 E-mail: fordm@gvsu.edu GLBT at GVSU website: www.gvsu.edu/glbt GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY ALLENDALE, Ml 49401 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_Resource-Center-Flyer_003 Title A name given to the resource Gay Lesbian Bisexual Transgender Resource Description An account of the resource Information and resources offered at the center. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ecf65172b5070e9550825c8380d974a0.pdf c6b959da548d5a2155456cd98219e262 PDF Text Text Did you kn0w that there is a phone number yo1,J can call and a resource person you can talk to if you have questions related to being a gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or questioning student at Grand Valley or if you have questions about being a straight ally of GLBT students? The phone number is 331-2530, and the resource person is Milt Ford, Professor of English, who is available at the Women's Center, 161 Kirkhof Center, Wednesdays, 5:00 pm-8:00 pm. Milt is the Faculty Liaison to the Dean of Students Office for GLBT Resources. E-mail contact: fordm@gvsu.edu. 0 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_Resource-Center-Flyer_004 Title A name given to the resource Gay Lesbian Bisexual Transgender Resource Description An account of the resource Information and resources offered at the center. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fd36a5f99e6429e8e9644e6347f5dcf5.pdf 7d33b86ee7a763c605e51e05fe7ae54c PDF Text Text Public Invited ONCE AGAIN, in the beautiful north country, land of the million dollar sunset, in the heart of the Indian Country, time is turned back for two wonder-filled days as Indians from many tribes get together and stage their All-State Indian Pow-Wow. You will see actual descendants of famous Indian Nations come together to perform many authentic and colorful dances handed down from generation to generation. Authentic Indian foods and Indian arts and crafts will be for sale during these two days. Plan now to attend this remarkable All-Indian Pow-Wow where you will see the original Americans revive the glorious traditions of the past. LOCATION: Bordering 1-75 Expressway and behind Holiday Inn with front of Museum just north of the Silver-Blue Water Tower. Main St. First Light e L GAYLORD ..... Alpine Plaza O .t: t: z0 in r:- AMERICAN INDIAN MUSEUM I ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.. N ~ c -~ W-+-E s 0 1,l ~ en • Silver-Blue Water Tower AMERICAN INDIAN MUSEUM GAYLORD, MICHIGAN I975 First Annual Gaylord All-State Indian Pow-Wow MAY 31 · JUNE I AT AMERICAN INDIAN MUSEUM &AYLORD, MICHIGAN �First Annual Gaylord All-State Indian Pow-Wow 2 & 7 P.M. SAT., 2 P.M. SUN. MAY 31 • JUNE I Ottawa, Chippewa, Potowatomie, Sioux, Winnebago, Mohawk, Cree and other Indians in Authentic Tribal Costumes. CONTEST DANCING Indian Dancers Only MEN .......... $100.00 WOMEN ........ $ 75.00 BOYS 12-16 .... $ 10.00 $75.00 $50.00 $ 5.00 $50.00 $25.00 $ 3.00 GIRLS 12-16 .... $ 10.00 BOYS 11 under .. $ 5.00 GIRLS 11 under .. $ 5.00 $ 5.00 $ 3.00 $ 3.00 $ 3.00 $ 2.00 $ 2.00 Trophies Awarded DANCE TIME _ 2 and 7 p.m. Saturday, 2 p.m. Sunday CONTESTANTS MUST BE REGISTERED AND PARTICIPATING IN ALL PERFORMANCES TO BE ELIGIBLE CREE UNITY INDIAN DRUM, Saskatchewan, Canada - Open Drum - Jim Eagle Master of Cermonies ONE MEAL SERVED SATURDAY & ONE MEAL SUNDAY (dancers and singers bring silverware for meals) INDIAN TRADERS WELCOME -$5.00 per day registration fee. NO IMPORTS PLEASE! Bring your own camping gear & tables FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL(517) 732·4942 Public Invited ADMISSION: $2.00 Adults $1.25 Students 12 Yrs.and under Age 5 yrs. and under free. See I. THREE PRESENTATIONS OF AUTHENTIC TRIBAL DANCES 2. INDIAN FOODS AND INDIAN ARTS & CRAFTS FOR SALE. NO ALCHOLIC BEVERAGES � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_gaylord-all-state-indian-pow-wow_1975-05 Title A name given to the resource Gaylord All-State Indian Pow-Wow, May 1975 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-05 Description An account of the resource Gaylord All-State Indian Pow-Wow flyer, Gaylord MI, May 31-June 1, 1975, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource American Indian Museum Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ea3cac0518cc3bd50bccb1d15579af5c.pdf 3a12c461c0f27d0ff63954ecc06e3107 PDF Text Text GAYL0RD SIGN ORDINANCE ord. amend. eff. March 14, 1993 PHONE: (517) 732-4060 FAX: (517) 732-8266 �SIGN ORDINANCE CITY OF GAYLORD, MICHIGAN ord. amend. eff. Mar. 14, 1993 20.400 • An Ordinance to regulate and control the size, location, number and types of signs within the City of Gaylord and to provide penalties for the violation thereof. The purpose of this Ordinance is to permit signs that will not, by their size, location, construction or manner of display, endanger the public safety of any person, will be consistent with the intent and purposes of the Gaylord Zoning Ordinance and will enhance the public interest and general welfare. THE CITY OF GAYLORD ORDAINS: 20.401 Sec. 1. TITLE. That this Ordinance shall hereafter be known and cited as the "Gaylord Sign Ordinance". (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.402 Sec. 2. DEFINITIONS. In interpreting the regulations of this Ordinance pertaining to signs, the following definitions shall apply: 1. ADJACENT AREA. "Adjacent area" means the area measured from the nearest edge of the right-of-way of an interstate, highway, freeway or primary highway a extending 3,000 feet perpendicularly and then along a line parallel to the right-of-way line". 2. AREA OF SIGN. "Area of sign" means the entire area within a circle, triangle, parallelogram or any other shape which encloses the extreme limits of writing, representation, emblem, logo or any other figure or similar character, together with any frame or other material or color forming an integral part of the display or used to differentiate the sign from the background against which it is placed, excluding only the structure necessary to support the sign. Where the sign has two or more faces, the area of all faces shall be included in computing the area of the sign, except: a. If two (2) such faces are placed back-to-back, the area of the sign shall be computed as the area of one face. 20.400 - 20.402 (Rev. 03/93) �b. If such faces are of an unequal area, the larger of the two faces shall determine the area. 3. BANNER SIGN. 4. BILLBOARD. 5. CANOPY. "Canopy" means a permanent roof-like shelter that extends from part or all of a building face and is constructed of nonrigid material, except for the supporting framework. 6. CANOPY SIGN. "Canopy Sign" means a sign displayed and affixed flat on or incorporated into the surface of a canopy and does not extend vertically or horizontally beyond the limits of the canopy. 7. CHANGEABLE COPY SIGN. A sign on which the copy is changed manually or automatically through mechanical means. 8. COPY. The wording, logos or symbols on a sign surface in either permanent or removable form. 9. DIRECTIONAL/INFORMATION SIGN. An on-premise sign giving directions, instructions or facility information and which may contain the name or logo of any establishment but no advertising copy. (e.g. parking, entrance, exit or signs which identify specific buildings within a complex) 10. DISPLAYS. (See "Temporary Sign"). (See "Off-Premise Sign"). (See "Temporary Sign"). 11. EXEMPI' SIGN. "Exempt sign" means a sign as to which a permit is not required by this ordinance. 12. FLASHING SIGN. "Flashing Sign" is a sign which contains an intermittent or flashing, scintillating, blinking or traveling light source which includes signs that give the illusion of intermittent or flashing light by means of animation, or an externally mounted intermittent light source. 13. FREE STANDING SIGN. "Free-standing sign" means a sign erected on a free-standing frame, mast or pole, and not attached to a building. 20.402 (Rev. 03/93) �14. HEIGHT OF SIGN. "Height of sign" means the vertical distance measured from the point of ground immediately beneath the sign to the , highest point of the sign or its projecting structure. 15. IDENTITY SIGN. An "identity sign" is a sign whose copy is limited to the name and address of building, institution, or person and/or activity or occupation being identified. Trademarks and logos customarily associated with a business or a business' franchise shall be considered an "identity sign". 16. ILLUMINATED SIGN. An "illuminated sign" is a sign that provides artificial light directly on or through any transparent or translucent material, from a source of light connected with such sign, or a sign illuminated by light with a source so obscured and shielded that no direct rays from it are visible from a public right of way or from abutting premises. 17. INCIDENTAL SIGN. An "incidental sign" is a sign, emblem or decal for the purpose of informing the public of goods, facilities or services available on the premises. (e.g. credit card signs or a sign indicating hours of business.) 18. MAINTENANCE. For the purpose of this Ordinance, "Maintenance" shall mean the cleaning, painting, repair or replacement of defective parts of a sign in a manner that does not alter the basic copy, design or structure of the sign. 19. MARQUEE. "Marquee" means a permanent roof-like shelter that extends from part or all of a building face and is constructed entirely of noncombustible materials. 20. MARQUEE SIGN. "Marquee sign" means a sign displayed on a marquee that does not extend vertically or horizontally beyond the limits of the marquee. 21. NAMEPIATE SIGN. A "nameplate sign" means a nonelectric identity sign giving only the name, address and/or occupation of an occupant or group of occupants residing on a premises. 20. 402 (Rev. 03/93) �22. NONCONFORMING SIGN. "Nonconforming sign" means a sign which lawfully occupied a building or land at the effective date of this Ordinance, or any amendment thereto, that does not conform to the regulations of this ordinance as to the District in which it is located. 23. OFF-PREMISE SIGN. A sign structure advertising an establishment, merchandise, service or entertainment, which is not sold, produced, manufactured, or furnished at the premises on which said sign is located. 24. ON-PREMISE SIGN. A sign which pertains to the use of the premises on which it is located. 25. PERMANENT SIGN. Any sign permanently affixed to a building or the ground that relates directly to the use of the building or lot. 26. PERSON. A "person" means any individual, corporation, association, firm, partnership or similarly defined interest. 27. POLITICAL SIGN. 28. PORTABLE SIGN. (See "Temporary Sign"). (See "Temporary Sign"). 29. PREMISES. "Premises" means the contiguous land in the same ownership or control which is not divided by a public street. 30. PRIMARY FRONT. "Primary front" means that portion of a building which faces the street to which the building's address is assigned. 31. PROJECTING SIGN. "Projecting sign" means a sign other than a wall or marquee sign, which is perpendicularly attached to, and projects from a structure or building face. 32. REAL ESTATE SIGN. (See "Temporary Sign"). 33. ROOF LINE. "Roof line" means the top edge of the roof or the top of a parapet, whichever forms the top line of the building silhouette. 34. ROOF SIGN. "Roof sign" means a sign erected upon, against or directly above a roof, or on top of, or above the parapet of a building. 20.402 (Rev. 03/93) �35. SANDWICH SIGN. (See "Temporary Sign"). 36. SIGN. "Sign" means a structure, device, letter, word, model, banner, balloon, pennant, insignia, emblem, logo, painting, placard, poster, trade flag or representation, illuminated or non-illuminated, which is visible from a public place, including but not limited to, highways, streets, alleys, or public property, or is located on private property and exposed to the public, which directs attention to a product, service, place, activity, person, institution, business or solicitation. 37. SUBSTANTIALLY ALTERED. "Substantially altered" means a change in a sign or sign structure, as differentiated from maintenance or repair including a change in height, location, area, shape or material, except that which occurs in manual or automatic changeable copy signs, including the wording, style or size of the lettering. 38. TEMPORARY SIGN. Any sign that is not permanently affixed, including, but not limited to banners, portable signs, sandwich signs, real estate signs, garage sale signs, political signs, displays and vehicle signs. The following definitions and regulations govern "Temporary Signs". a. BANNER SIGNS: Signs which consist of banners, posters, pennants, ribbons, streamers or similar devices. These signs are prohibited, unless specifically permitted by the City Manager for a period not to exceed fourteen (14) days. Placement of Banner Signs are limited to the B-1, c-1, and C-2 Districts and require a Temporary Sign Permit. Banner Permits will be limited to a total of six (6), for any one (1) business within a calendar year. (amend. Mar. 14, b. 1993) PORTABLE SIGN: Any ground or any other Sandwich Signs), is said surface and is sign which rests on the surface (excluding not directly attached to designed to be 20.402 (Rev. 03/93) �transported from one location to another. Portable Signs includes, but is not limited, to the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Signs with wheels removed Signs with chassis or support constructed without wheels Designed to be transported by a trailer or wheels May have changeable letters and/or hitches for towing Mounted on a vehicle for advertising purposes, parked and visible from the public right-of-way, excepting signs identifying the related business when the vehicle is being used in the normal day-to-day operations of that business Portable Signs are prohibited in all Districts unless specifically permitted by the city Manager, for promotional purposes, for a period not to exceed seven (7) days and are subject to a Temporary Sign Permit. c. SANDWICH SIGNS: A free-standing A-Frame type sign which rests on the ground and is not directly attached to any surface, designed to be placed immediately outside of a business building for the purpose of identifying a business location and/or services. Sandwich Signs are subject to the following: 1. Total sign face area not to exceed six (6) square feet per side, with an overall width not to exceed two (2) feet and with overall height not to exceed four (4) feet. 2. Must be constructed in a professional manner of wood or metal, with outside finish of materials made to withstand ou~side elements without changing appearance, and sturdy enough to remain upright in inclement weather. 3. Must be placed within (3) feet of business building location. 4. Sandwich Signs are allowed from May 1st through September 30th, only. Sandwich Signs are prohibited in all areas except the Downtown Business 20.402 (Rev. 03/93} �District and do require a Temporary Sign Permit. , d. e. REAL ESTATE SIGNS: A temporary sign advertising the real estate upon which the sign is located as being for sale, rent or lease. Real Estate Signs are subject to the following: 1. On improved land, one (1) Real Estate Sign allowed per premises, not exceeding six (6) square feet in area, provided that no such sign is placed within the public right-of-way or on any utility pole. A Temporary Sign Permit is not required. 2. In cases of unimproved or vacant land of ten (10) acres or more, one (1) Real Estate Sign, not exceeding thirty two (32) square feet with a maximum height of six (6) feet will be permitted for a period not to exceed two (2) years. A Temporary Sign Permit is required. 3. All such signs shall be removed within seven (7) days after the sale or lease has been consummated. Real Estate Signs are allowed in all Districts. GARAGE SALE SIGNS: A temporary sign or poster used for the primary purpose of directing attention to an individual or group sale of used goods and products at a private dwelling in a residential area for a limited period of time. Garage Sale Signs are subject to the following: 1. Garage Sale Signs may not exceed six (6) square feet in area and may be posted for no more than seven (7) consecutive days. 2. Garage Sale Signs shall be posted on private property only with the permission of the property owner. 3. No Garage Sale Signs may be posted on any utility pole or within any public right of way. Garage Sale Signs are allowed in R-1 and R-2 Districts and on residential properties located in a C-1 and C-2 District only. 20.402 (Rev. 03/93) �Garage Sale Signs are not subject to a Temporary Sign Permit. f. POLITICAL SIGNS: A temporary sign designed to advocate or oppose a candidate for political office or an issue to be determined at an official Federal, State, County, School or Municipal election. Political Signs are subject to the following: 1. A maximum of one (1) political sign for each candidate or proposal per premises in an R-1 or R-2 District. Each sign is restricted to six (6) square feet in area. (amend. Mar. 14, 1993) 2. A maximum of one (1) political sign for each candidate or proposal per premises in the B-1, C-1 or C-2 District. Each sign is restricted to sixteen (16) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six feet. (amend. Mar. 14, 1993) 3. Political Signs shall not be installed more than forty five (45) days before the candidate or issue appears upon the ballot and shall be removed within ten (10) days after the election to which they pertain. 4. Political Signs may be located in the required front yard in any District with permission of the property owner, but shall not be located in any public right of way. Political Signs are not subject to a Temporary Sign Permit. g. DISPLAYS: Outdoor exhibit of merchandise arranged in a manner so as to advertise or promote products or services offered on said premises. Displays are subject to the following: 1. Must be placed within (3) feet of business building location. 20.402 (Rev. 03/93) �h. 2. Displays are prohibited in all Districts except the Downtown Business District and C-2 District. Displays in the Downtown Business District are permitted from May 1st through September 30th, only. 3. Displays do not require a Temporary Sign Permit, but are subject to review by the City Manager at any given time. Those businesses found to be in violation of the intent of this Ordinance will be notified in writing by the City Manager and subject to the termination of the use of outdoor displays. VEHICLE SIGNS: Signs which are mounted or painted on vehicles, which are primarily situated or used to serve as a sign rather than transportation. Vehicle Signs are subject to the following: 1. Vehicle Signs are prohibited in all Districts unless specifically permitted by the City Manager, for promotional purposes, for a period not to exceed seven (7) days and are subject to a Temporary Sign Permit. 39. UNDER-CANOPY SIGN. An "under-canopy sign" is a sign which is suspended beneath a canopy, ceiling, roof or marquee. 40. WALL SIGN. "Wall sign" means a sign which is painted or attached directly to the exterior wall of a building and which does not project more than eighteen (18) inches from the wall, with the face of the sign running on a parallel plane to the plane of the building wall. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.403 Sec. 3. REQUIREMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS. A person shall not erect or maintain a sign within the City of Gaylord unless the sign is in full compliance with this Ordinance and without first obtaining a permit for such sign as required by this Ordinance. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.403 (Rev. 03/93) �20.404 Sec. 4. SIGNS EXISTING ON THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS ORDINANCE. All signs which are not in compliance with the provisions of this Ordinance on its effective date may be continued subject to the provisions of Section 12 (20.412). (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.405 20.406 Sec. 5. INCORPORATION OF ZONING ORDINANCES AND MAPS: REQUIRED INFORMATION. 1. All duly enacted zoning ordinances and any amendments or additions thereto, that are in force and effect within the City of Gaylord, either now or in the future, and all zoning maps defining or delineating the various zoning districts within the City of Gaylord, are hereby incorporated by reference into this, the Gaylord Sign Ordinance. 2. Before applying for any permit required by this ordinance, a person intending to apply for a permit for a sign shall first determine the manner in which the premises upon which the sign is to be located is zoned, and shall furnish -such information when applying for any sign permit. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) Sec. 6. PERMITTED SIGNS IN R-1 (SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCE) DISTRICTS. Signs shall be permitted in R-1 Residential Districts only as follows: 1. One (1) non-illuminated nameplate sign per premises, not exceeding one (1) square foot in area, for the purpose of identifying the name of the owner or occupants residing on said premise. A Sign Permit is not required. 2. One (1) non-illuminated professional nameplate sign per premises, not exceeding one (1) square foot in area, for the purpose of identifying a classified Home Occupation, Residential State Licensed Facility or Day Care Center. A sign permit is not required. 3. Signs erected by an official government body or agency and deemed necessary for the protection of the public health, safety, or welfare; or those signs required by law to be displayed. 20.404 - 20.406 (Rev. 03/93) �4. One (1) non-illuminated temporary residential Real Estate Sign, Garage Sale Sign or Political Sign per premises, not to exceed six (6) square • feet in area, provided that said sign conforms to placement and time limitation regulations set forth in Section 2 (20.402) DEFINITIONS, Signs, Temporary. In areas of undeveloped land of ten (10) acres or more, one (1) Real Estate Sign, not to exceed thirty two (32) square feet with a maximum height of six (6) feet will be permitted for a period not to exceed two (2) years. 5. one (1) non-illuminated free-standing identity sign, not to exceed six (6) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet for the purpose of identifying parks, playgrounds or community buildings owned or operated by public agencies. 6. One (1) non-illuminated free-standing identity sign, not to exceed twelve (12) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) non-illuminated wall sign, not exceeding six (6) square feet in area for the purpose of identifying the church, pastor and church activities located on the premises. 7. One (1) non-illuminated free-standing identity sign, not to exceed twelve (12) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) non-illuminated wall sign, not exceeding six (6) square feet in area for the purpose of identifying public schools or those private or parochial schools having a curriculum similar to a public elementary, public high school or nursery school. In addition to the allowed identity sign, the following informational signs are allowed: a. Informational wall signs, not to exceed three (3) square feet in area per sign, for the purpose of identifying building entrances or specific buildings such as gymnasium, administration, vocational 20.406 (Rev. 03/93) �education building, cafeteria, etc., with an aggregate informational sign area not to exceed thirty (30) square feet per building. b. Free-standing informational signs, not to exceed three (3) square feet in area, with a maximum height of four (4) feet for the purpose of identifying parking lot entrances and/or exits. c. Scoreboards on athletic fields. 8. None of the free-standing signs permitted in an R-1 District, with the exception of Temporary Signs, shall be erected nearer any street than one-half (1/2) the setback required for the principal building to be erected on said premises. 9. No Off-Premise signs will be allowed in an R-1 District. 10. Signs identifying or advertising any use or activity defined as a ''Special Use" or that are subject to a Special Use Permit as outlined in Section 13 of the Zoning Ordinance, shall be approved by City Council at the time the Special Use Permit is granted. 11. The effect of wind pressure shall be thoroughly considered in the design of all signs, but in no case shall the wind load be assumed less than thirty (30) pounds per square foot. 12. No person shall alter, enlarge, or erect a sign unless it is in accordance with these provisions. 13. All signs shall be maintained in good repair in terms of structure and appearance. Any sign, which is applicable to a business which has been permanently discontinued, shall be eliminated by the property owner within thirty (30) days after said discontinuance. 14. No person shall erect, place, structurally alter, or add to any sign without obtaining a permit from the Building Official designated under the terms of the Gaylord Zoning Ordinance. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.406 (Rev. 03/93) �20.406a Sec. 6a. PERMITTED SIGNS IN R-2 (MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENCE) DISTRICTS. Signs shall be permitted in R-2 Residential Districts only as follows: 1. One (1) non-illuminated nameplate sign per premises, not exceeding one (1) square foot in area, for the purpose of identifying the name of the owner or occupants presiding on said residence. A sign permit is not required. 2. One (1) non-illuminated professional nameplate sign per premises, not exceeding two (2) square feet in area for the purpose of identifying the premises or services rendered on the premises, including the following: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Home Occupations Day Care Centers Lodging Houses, Boarding Houses or Bed and Breakfast Private Clubs, Fraternities, Sororities or Lodges Physician, Surgeon or Dentist Office located within a dwelling Apartments Buildings with a minimum of four (4) units Any other use allowed in an R-2 District A Sign Permit is required. 3. Signs erected by an official government body or agency and deemed necessary for the protection of the public health, safety, or welfare; or those signs required by law to be displayed. 4. · One (1) non-illuminated temporary residential Real Estate Sign, Garage Sale Sign or Political Sign per premises, not to exceed six (6) square feet in area, provided that said sign conforms to placement and time limitation regulations set forth in Section 2 (20.402) DEFINITIONS, Temporary· Signs. In areas of undeveloped land of ten (10) acres or more, one (1) Real Estate Sign, not to exceed thirty two (32) square feet with a maximum height of six (6) feet will be permitted for a period not to exceed two (2) years. A Sign Permit is not required. 5. One (1) non-illuminated free-standing sign, not to exceed six (6) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet for the purpose 20.406a (Rev. 03/93) �of identifying parks, playgrounds or community buildings owned or operated by public agencies. 6. One (1) non-illuminated free-standing identity sign, not to exceed twelve (12) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) non-illuminated wall sign, not exceeding six (6) square feet in area, for the purpose of identifying the church, pastor and church activities located on the premises. 7. One (1) free-standing identity sign, not to exceed twelve (12) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) wall sign, not exceeding six (6) square feet in area, for the purpose of identifying hospitals, nursing or convalescent homes, mortuaries and institutions. In addition to the allowed identity sign, the following informational signs are allowed: 8. a. Informational wall signs, not to exceed three (3) square feet in area per sign, for the purpose of identifying building entrances or specific buildings, with an aggregate informational sign area not to exceed thirty (30) square feet. b. Free-standing informational signs, not to exceed three (3) square feet in area, with a maximum height of four (4) feet, for the purpose of identifying parking lot entrances and/or exits. One (1) non-illuminated free-standing identity sign, not to exceed six (6) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) wall sign, not exceeding six .(6) square feet in area, for the purpose of identifying apartment complexes with a total of five (5) or more units. In addition to the allowed identity sign, the following informational signs are allowed: a. Informational wall signs, not to exceed two (2) square feet in area per sign, for the purpose of identifying building entrances or specific buildings, with an aggregate sign area not to exceed twelve (12) square feet. b. Free-standing informational signs, not to exceed three (3) square feet in area, with a maximum height of four (4) feet for the 20.406a (Rev. 03/93) �purpose of identifying parking lot entrances and/or exits. 9. , One (1) non-illuminated free-standing identity sign, not to exceed twelve (12) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) non-illuminated wall sign, not exceeding six (6) square feet in area, for the purpose of identifying public schools or those private or parochial schools having a curriculum similar to a public elementary, public high school or nursery school. In addition to the allowed identity sign, the following informational signs are allowed: a. Informational wall signs, not to exceed three (3) square feet in area per sign, for the purpose of identifying building entrances or specific buildings such as gymnasium, administration, vocational education building, cafeteria, etc., with an aggregate sign area not to exceed thirty (30) square feet per building. b. Free-standing informational signs, not to exceed three (3) square feet in area, with a maximum height of four (4) feet, for the purpose of identifying parking lot entrances and/or exits. c. Scoreboards on athletic fields. 10. One (1) non-illuminated free-standing identity sign, not to exceed six (6) square feet in area, with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) non-illuminated wall sign, not exceeding six (6) square feet in area, for the purpose of identifying a State residential licensed . facility, located on the premises and whose staff includes a minimum of four (4) employees which do not reside on said premises. 11. None of the free-standing signs permitted in an R-2 District, with the exception of Temporary Signs, shall be erected nearer any street than one-half (1/2) the setback required for the principal building to be erected on said premises. 12. Illumination, if used, shall be what is known as white and shall not be blinking, fluctuating or moving. Light rays shall shine only upon the premises and shall not encroach upon any other property line except by indirect reflection. 20.406a (Rev. 03/93) �13. No Off-Premise signs will be allowed in an R-2 District. 14. Signs identifying or advertising any use or activity defined as a "Special Use'' or that are subject to a Special Use Permit as outlined in Section 13 of the Zoning Ordinance, shall be approved by City Council at the time the Special Use Permit is granted. 15. The effect of wind pressure sh~ll be thoroughly considered in the design of all signs, but in no case shall the wind load be assumed less than thirty (30) pounds per square foot. 16. No person shall alter, enlarge, or erect a sign unless it is in accordance with these provisions. 17. All signs shall be maintained in good repair in terms of structure and appearance. Any sign, which is applicable to a business which has been permanently discontinued, shall be eliminated by the property owner within thirty (30) days after said discontinuance. 18. No person shall erect, place, structurally alter, or add to any sign without obtaining a permit from the Building Official designated under the terms of the Gaylord Zoning Ordinance. (ord. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.407 Sec. 7. PERMI'ITED SIGNS IN THE B-1, CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. For the purpose of this Ordinance the B-1, Central Business District shall be identified as those properties which are north of Second Street, south of Mitchell Street, east of Michigan Avenue and west of Elm Street. Signs when erected or used on the building or exterior wall or otherwise used as permitted under the provisions of this ordinance, shall comply with the following requirements: 1. The aggregate sign area allowed for a business shall be based on one and one-half (1 1/2) square feet per lineal foot of the primary front of the business portion of the building. 2. Only wall signs, canopy signs, under-canopy signs or projecting signs for the purpose of identifying the name of the person, business and/or services offered on the premises, may be 20.407 (Rev. 03/93) �utilized across the primary front of the building. 3. , Projecting signs are restricted to twelve (12) square feet for those businesses whose primary front of the business portion of the building is less than sixty (60) lineal feet. Projecting signs are restricted to twenty-four (24) square feet for those businesses whose primary front of the business portion of the building is sixty (60) or more lineal feet. Projecting signs over twelve (12) square feet in area must be erected a minimum of fifteen (15) feet from any adjoining or adjacent business. The bottom of any projecting sign must be a minimum of ten (10) feet from the ground or sidewalk level. Under canopy signs are restricted to a total of three hundred eight-four (384) square inches with a maximum height of eight (8) inches. The bottom of an under canopy sign shall be a minimum of seven (7) feet from the ground or sidewalk level. (amend. Mar. 14, 1993) 4. Additional wall signs, canopy signs and/or projecting signs on other than the primary front of the business building are permitted as long as the aggregate square footage of all signs does not exceed the maximum square footage allowed under paragraph 1. 5. Marquee Signs are permitted for Cinemas located in the B-1, Central Business District, in addition to the allowed wall mounted signs and in addition to the square footage limitations under paragraph 1 above. Marquee Signs shall not exceed a total of two (2) per premises with a maximum size of fifty six (56) square feet and maximum height of four (4) feet each. 6. No sign shall be allowed to obstruct or interfere with motor vehicle or pedestrian traffic, or be hazardous to the public. 7. Illumination, if used, shall be what is known as white and signs shall not be of flashing or intermittent illumination. The direct source of all lights used for the illumination of commercial establishments or for the illumination display of merchandise or the products of such establishment shall be completely shielded from the view of vehicular traffic using the roads or streets abutting such premises. Floodlights used for the illumination of commercial premises or any sign thereon, 20.407 (Rev. 03/93) �whether such floodlights are attached to or separate from the building, shall not project above the highest elevation of the front wall of such building, or thirty (30) feet above street level, whichever is less. 8. When more than one (1) business occupies a building, each business shall be allowed signage based on the portion of the building occupied by such business. 9. Temporary Signs permitted in the B-1 Central Business District must conform to placement and time limitations regulations as set forth in Section 2, (20.402) DEFINITIONS, Temporary Signs. 10. Roof mounted signs are prohibited in the B-1 central Business District. 11. Off premise signs are prohibited in the B-1 Central Business District. 12. In those instances in which a business building is located not closer than a distance of twenty (20) feet to the property line, one (1) free-standing sign is permitted when located in such a manner that no part extends closer than five (5) feet to the front or side property lines. The total sign and supporting structure may have a maximum height of eighteen (18) feet above ground level and may have an area not to exceed thirty-two (32) square feet on any one (1) face of sign. 13. The effect of wind pressure shall be thoroughly considered in the design of all signs, but in no case shall the wind load be assumed less than thirty (30) pounds per square foot. 14. No person shall alter, enlarge, or erect a sign unless it is in accordance with these provisions. 15. All signs shall be maintained in good repair in terms of structure and appearance. Any sign, which is applicable to a business which has been permanently discontinued, shall be eliminated by the property owner within thirty (30) days after said discontinuance. 16. No person shall erect, place, structurally alter, or add to any sign without obtaining a permit from the Building Official designated under the terms of the Gaylord Zoning Ordinance. 20.407 (Rev. 03/93) �17. Signs erected by an official government body or agency and deemed necessary for the protection of the public health, safety, or welfare; or , those signs required by law to be displayed are permitted. 18. Signs identifying or advertising any use or activity defined as a "Special Use" or that are subject to a Special Use Permit as outlined in Section 13 of the Zoning Ordinance, shall be approved by City Council at the time the Special Use Permit is granted. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.407a Sec. 7a. PERMITI'ED SIGNS IN C-1 (GENERAL COMMERCIAL) DISTRICT. Signs when erected or used on the building or exterior wall or otherwise used as permitted under the provisions of this ordinance, shall comply with the following requirements: 1. Signs allowed for the following shall be limited to those restrictions set forth in Section 7 20.406a), R-2 (Multiple Family Residence) District: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. 2. Home Occupations Day Care Centers located within a dwelling Lodging Houses, Boarding Houses or Bed and Breakfast Private Clubs, Fraternities, Sororities or Lodges Physician, Surgeon or Dentist Office located within a dwelling Apartment Buildings (as based on the number of units) Churches Hospitals Schools Nameplate for the purpose of identifying the name of the owner or occupants residing on the premises State residential licensed facility The aggregate sign area allowed for all other businesses located in a C-1 District shall be based on two (2) square feet per lineal foot of the primary front of the business portion of the building. Businesses may utilize canopy signs, free-standing signs, marquee signs, projecting signs, under-canopy signs and wall signs as long as the aggregate square footage of all signs do 20.407a (Rev. 03/93) �not exceed the square footage allowed based on the primary front of a building. 3. All signs, with the exception of free-standing signs, projecting signs and under-canopy signs, are limited to a maximum height of (6) feet, as defined in Section 2 (20.402) DEFINITIONS. 4. Projecting signs are restricted to twelve (12) square feet for those businesses whose primary front of the business portion of the building is less than sixty (60) lineal feet. Projecting signs are restricted to twenty-four (24) square feet for those businesses whose primary front of the business portion of the building is sixty (60) or more lineal feet. Projecting signs over twelve (12) square feet in area must be erected a minimum of fifteen (15) feet from any adjoining or adjacent business. The bottom of any projecting sign must be a minimum of ten (10) feet from the ground or sidewalk level. Under canopy signs are restricted to a total of three hundred eight-four (384) square inches with a maximum height of eight (8) inches. The bottom of an under canopy sign shall be a minimum of seven (7) feet from the ground or sidewalk level. (amend. Mar. 14, 1993) 5. Marquee Signs are permitted for Cinemas located in a C-1 District, in addition to the allowed other signage and in addition to the square footage limitations under paragraph 2 above. Marquee Signs shall not exceed a total of two (2) per premises with a maximum size of fifty six (56) square feet and maximum height of four (4) feet each. 6. Where a business building is located not closer than a distance of twenty (20) feet to the front property line, one (1) free-standing sign is permitted when located in such a manner that no part extends closer than five (5) feet to the front or side property lines. The total sign and supporting structure may have a maximum height of eighteen (18) feet above the average ground level and may have an area not to exceed eighty (80) square feet on any one (1) face of sign, provided the aggregate sign area is within the limitations of paragraph 1 above. 7. Free-standing informational signs, not exceeding three (3) square feet in area, with a maximum height of four (4) feet for the purpose of 20.407a (Rev. 03/93) �identifying parking lot entrances and/or exits are permitted. 8. , No sign shall be allowed to obstruct or interfere with motor vehicle or pedestrian traffic, or be hazardous to the public. 9. Illumination, if used, shall be what is known as white and signs shall not be of flashing or intermittent illumination. The direct source of all lights used for the illumination of commercial establishments or for the illumination display of merchandise or the products of such establishment shall be completely shielded from the view of vehicular traffic using the roads or streets abutting such premises. Floodlights used for the illumination of commercial premises or any sign thereon, whether such floodlights are attached to or separate from the building, shall not project above the highest elevation of the front wall of such building, or thirty (30) feet above street level, whichever is less. 10. When more than one (1) business occupies a building, each business shall be allowed signage based on the portion of the building occupied by such business. 11. Temporary Signs in a C-1 District must conform to placement and time limitations regulations as set forth in Section 2, (20.402) DEFINITIONS, Temporary Signs. 12. Roof mounted signs are prohibited in a C-1 District. 13. Off-premise signs are prohibited in a C-1 District. 14. The effect of wind pressure shall be thoroughly considered in the design, but in no case shall the wind load be assumed less than thirty (30) pounds per square foot. 15. No person shall alter, enlarge, or erect a sign unless it is in accordance with these provisions. 16. All signs shall be maintained in good repair in terms of structure and appearance. Any sign, which is applicable to a business which has been permanently discontinued, shall be eliminated by the property owner within thirty (30) days after said discontinuance. 20.407a (Rev. 03/93) �17. No person shall erect, place, structurally alter, or add to any sign without obtaining a permit from the Building Official designated under the terms of the Gaylord Zoning Ordinance. 18. Signs erected by an official government body or agency and deemed necessary for the protection of the public health, safety, or welfare; or those signs required by law to be displayed are permitted. 19. Signs identifying or advertising any use or activity defined as a "Special Use" or that are subject to a Special Use Permit as outlined in Section 13 of the Zoning Ordinance, shall be approved by City Council at the time the Special Use Permit is granted. (ord. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.407b Sec. 7b. PERMITTED SIGNS IN C-2 (CENTRAL COMMERCIAL} DISTRICT. Signs when erected or used on the building or exterior wall or otherwise used as permitted under the provisions of this ordinance, shall comply with the following requirements: 1. Signs allowed for the following shall be limited to those restrictions set forth in Section 7 20.406a), R-2 (Multiple Family Residence) District: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 2. Home Occupations Day Care Centers located within a dwelling Apartment Buildings (as based on the number of units) Churches Hospitals Schools Nameplate for the purpose of identifying the name of the owner or occupants residing on the premises One non-illuminated free-standing sign, not to exceed twelve (12) square feet in area with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) non-illuminated wall sign not exceeding six (6) square feet in area will be permitted for the following located in a C-2 District: a. b. Lodging Houses, Boarding Houses or Bed and Breakfast Private Clubs, Fraternitiei, Sororities or Lodges 20.407b (Rev. 03/93) �c. d. Physician, Surgeon or Dentist Office located within a dwelling State residential licensed care facility 3. The aggregate sign area allowed for all other businesses located in a C-2 District shall be based on two (2) square feet per lineal foot of the primary front of the business portion of the building. Businesses may utilize canopy signs, free-standing signs, marquee signs, projecting signs, under-canopy signs and wall signs as long as the aggregate square footage of all signs does not exceed the square footage allowed based on the primary front of a building. 4. All signs, with the exception of free-standing signs, projecting signs and under-canopy signs, are limited to a maximum height of (6) feet, as defined in Section 2 (20.402) DEFINITIONS. 5. Projecting signs are restricted to twelve (12) square feet for those businesses whose primary front of the business portion of the building is less than sixty (60) lineal feet. Projecting signs are restricted to twenty-four (24) square feet for those businesses whose primary front of the business portion of the building is sixty (60) or more lineal feet. Projecting signs over twelve (12) square feet in area must be erected a minimum of fifteen (15) feet from any adjoining or adjacent business. The bottom of any projecting sign must be a minimum of ten (10) feet from the ground or sidewalk level. Under canopy signs are restricted to a total of three hundred eight-four (384) square inches with a maximum height of eight (8) inches. The bottom of an under canopy sign shall be a minimum of seven (7) feet from the ground or sidewalk level. (amend. Mar. 14, 1993) 6. Marquee Signs are permitted for Cinemas located in a C-2 District, in addition to the allowed other signage and in addition to the square footage limitations under paragraph 3 above. Marquee Signs shall not exceed a total of two (2) per premises with a maximum size of fifty six (56) square feet and maximum height of four (4) feet each. 7. Free-standing signs are District providing they the aggregate sign area 3 above and are subject allowed in a C-2 are not in violation of limitations of paragraph to the following: 20.407b (Rev. 03/93) �a. In those instances in which a business building is located not closer than a distance of twenty (20) feet to the property line, one (1) free-standing sign is permitted when located in such a manner that no part extends closer than five (5) feet to the front or side property lines. The total sign and supporting structure may have a maximum height of eighteen (18) feet above the average ground level and may have an area not to exceed eighty (80) square feet on any one (1) face of sign. b. Those businesses whose premises are located within a one thousand (1,000) foot radius of any expressway exit may have one (1) free-standing sign whose location, height and size are not restricted except that the aggregate sign area limitations of paragraph 3, above, shall apply and include the area of any free-standing sign. In computing the square footage of a free-standing sign in this instance, only one (1) face of the sign shall be counted. Those businesses applying for a sign permit under this subsection must present to the City Clerk a certified survey detailing the premises in relation to an expressway exit. c. Shopping Center or business complexes located on premises with a minimum of three hundred (300) feet of frontage from - the building(s) to the property line, may have two (2) free-standing signs, to be located not less than one hundred seventy-five (175) feet apart and are subject to size restrictions as outlined in 7a and 7b above. 8. Free-standing informational signs, not exceeding three (3) square feet in area, with a maximum height of four (4) feet, for the purpose of identifying parking lot entrances and/or exits are permitted. 9. No sign shall be allowed to obstruct or interfere with motor vehicle or pedestrian traffic, or be hazardous to the public. 10. Illumination, if used, shall be what is known as white and signs shall not be of flashing or intermittent illumination. The direct source of all lights used for the illumination of commercial establishments or for the 20.407b (Rev. 03/93) �illumination display of merchandise or the products of such establishment shall be completely shielded from the view of vehicular , traffic using the roads or streets abutting such premises. Floodlights used for the illumination of commercial premises or any sign thereon, whether such floodlights are attached to or separate from the building, shall not project above the highest elevation of the front wall of such building, or thirty (30) feet above street level. 11. When more than one (1) business occupies a building, each business shall be allowed signage based on the portion of the building occupied by such business. 12. Temporary Signs in a C-2 District must conform to placement and time limitations regulations as set forth in Section 2, (20.402) DEFINITIONS, Temporary Signs. 13. Roof mounted signs are prohibited in a C-2 District. 14. Off-premise signs are prohibited in a C-2 District. 15. The effect of wind pressure shall be thoroughly considered in the design, but in no case shall the wind load be assumed less than thirty (30) pounds per square foot. 16. No person shall alter, enlarge, or erect a sign unless it is in accordance with these provisions. 17. All signs shall be maintained in good repair in terms of structure and appearance. Any sign, which is applicable to a business which has been permanently discontinued, shall be eliminated by the property owner within thirty (30) days after said discontinuance. 18. No person shall erect, place, structurally alter, or add to any sign without obtaining a permit from the Building Official designated under the terms of the Gaylord Zoning Ordinance. 19. Signs erected by an official government body or agency and deemed necessary for the protection of the public health, safety, or welfare; or those signs required by law to be displayed are permitted. 20.407b . (Rev. 03/93) �20. Signs identifying or advertising any use or activity defined as a "Special Use" or that are subject to a Special Use Permit as outlined in Section 13 of the Zoning Ordinance, shall be approved by City Council at the time the Special Use Permit is granted. (ord. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.407c Sec. 7c. PERMITTED SIGNS IN M-1 (MANUFACTURING) DISTRICT. Signs when erected or used on the building or exterior wall or otherwise used as permitted under the provisions of this ordinance, shall comply with the following requirements: 1. Signs allowed for the following shall be limited to those restrictions set forth in Section 7 20.406a), R-2 (Multiple Family Residence) District: a. b. c. 2. One non-illuminated free-standing sign, not to exceed twelve (12) square feet in area with a maximum height of six (6) feet, or one (1) non-illuminated wall sign not exceeding six (6) square feet in area will be permitted for the following located in a M-1 District: a. 3. Churches Hospitals Schools Private Clubs, Fraternities, Sororities or Lodges The aggregate sign area allowed for all other businesses located in a M-1 District shall be based on two (2) square feet per lineal foot of the primary front of the business portion of the building and may utilize canopy signs, free-standing signs, marquee signs, projecting signs, under-canopy signs and wall signs as long as the aggregate square footage of all signs does not exceed the square footage allowed based on the primary front of a building. 20.407c (Rev. 03/93) �4. All signs, with the exception of free-standing signs, projecting signs and under-canopy signs, , are limited to a maximum height of (6) feet, as defined in Section 2 (20.402) DEFINITIONS. 5. Projecting signs on a building are restricted to eight hundred sixty four (864) square inches, with a maximum height of thirty (30) inches. Under-canopy signs may not exceed a height of eight (8) inches or a maximum length of four (4) feet. The bottom of a under-canopy sign shall be a minimum of seven (7) feet from the ground or sidewalk level. 6. Marquee Signs are permitted for Cinemas located in a M-1 District, in addition to the allowed other signage and in addition to the square footage limitations under paragraph 3 above. Marquee Signs shall not exceed a total of two (2) per premises with a maximum size of fifty six (56) square feet and maximum height of four (4) feet each. 7. Free-standing signs are District providing they the aggregate sign area 3 above and are subject allowed in a M-1 are not in violation of limitations of paragraph to the following: a. In those instances in which a business building is located not closer than a distance of twenty (20) feet to the front property line, one (1) free-standing sign is permitted when located in such a manner that no part extends closer than five (5) feet to the front or side property lines. The total sign and supporting structure may have a maximum height of eighteen (18) feet above the average ground level and may have an area not to exceed eighty (80) square feet on any one (1) face of sign. b. Those businesses whose premises are located within a one thousand (1,000) foot radius of any expressway exit may have one (1) free-standing sign whose size shall not be restricted by this Ordinance. Those businesses must submit to the City Clerk a certified survey detailing the premises in relation to the expressway exit when applying for a Sign Permit. c. Shopping Center, business or industrial complexes located on premises with a minimum 20.407c (Rev. 03/93) �of three hundred (300) feet of frontage from the building to the property line, may have two (2) free-standing signs, not to be located less than one hundred seventy-five (175) feet apart and are subject to size restrictions as outlined in 7a and 7b above. 8. Free-standing informational signs, exceeding three (3) square feet in area, with a maximum height of four (4) feet for the purpose of identifying parking lot entrances and/or exits are permitted. 9. No sign shall be allowed to obstruct or interfere with motor vehicle or pedestrian traffic, or be hazardous to the public. 10. Illumination, if used, shall be what is known as white and signs shall not be of flashing or intermittent illumination. The direct source of all lights used for the illumination of commercial establishments or for the illumination display of merchandise or the products of such establishment shall be completely shielded from the view of vehicular traffic using the roads or streets abutting such premises. Floodlights used for the illumination of commercial premises or any sign thereon, whether such floodlights are attached to or separate from the building, shall not project above the highest elevation of the front wall of such building, or thirty (30) feet above street level. 11. When more than one (1) business occupies a building, each business shall be allowed signage based on the portion of the building occupied by such business. 12. Temporary Signs in a M-1 District must conform to placement and time limitations regulations as set forth in Section 2, (20.402) DEFINITIONS, Temporary Signs. 13. Roof mounted signs are prohibited in a M-1 District. · 14. Off-premise signs are allowed in an M-1 District in accordance with the provisions outlined in Section 8 (20.408), OFF-PREMISES SIGNS. 15. The effect of wind pressure shall be thoroughly considered in the design, but in no case shall 20.407c (Rev. 03/93) �the wind load be assumed less than thirty (30) pounds per square foot. 16.• No person shall alter, enlarge, or erect a sign unless it is in accordance with these provisions. 17. All signs shall be maintained in good repair in terms of structure and appearance. Any sign, which is applicable to a business which has been permanently discontinued, shall be eliminated by the property owner within thirty (30) days after said discontinuance. 18. No person shall erect, place, structurally alter, or add to any sign without obtaining a permit from the Building Official designated under the terms of the Gaylord Zoning Ordinance. 19. Signs erected by an official government body or agency and deemed necessary for the protection of the public health, safety, or welfare; or those signs required by law to be displayed are permitted. 20. Signs identifying or advertising any use or activity defined as a "Special Use" or that are subject to a Special Use Permit as outlined in Section 13 of the Zoning Ordinance, shall be approved by City Council at the time the Special Use Permit is granted. (ord. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.408 Sec. 8. OFF-PREMISES SIGNS. 1. Off-Premises Signs which conform with the provisions of this ordinance shall be permitted, as a matter of right, only in Manufacturing (M-1) Districts. 2. Notwithstanding the provisions, controls and limitations of any urban renewal plan or project, or area regulation, Off-Premises Signs shall be permitted to be erected in the commercial and industrial portions of such project areas pursuant to the provisions and limitations of this ordinance. 3. Off-Premises Signs shall not be established at any location having principal frontage on any street within 300 feet of any premises which is used for public parks, public schools, church, courthouse, city hall or public museum having principal frontage on the same street. 20.408 (Rev. 03/93) �4. No Off-Premises Sign shall be established closer to the street than the building setback line, if such a line exists. If none exists, the Off-Premise Sign may be established behind the right-of-way line. No portion of any Off-Premise Sign may be placed on, or extend over the right-of-way line of any street or highway. 5. No Off-Premise Sign shall be constructed which resembles any official marker erected by the city, state, or any governmental agency, or which by reason of position, shape or color would conflict with the proper functioning of any traffic sign or signal. 6. All Off-Premises Sign shall be maintained in good and safe structural condition. The painted portions of outdoor Advertising Signs shall be periodically repainted and kept in good condition. 7. No Off-Premises Sign or part hereof shall be located on any premises without the consent of the owner, holder, lessee, agent or trustee. 8. The general area in the vicinity of any Off-Premise Sign on undeveloped property must be kept free and clear of weeds, debris, trash and other refuse. 9. In addition to the regulations and restrictions of this ordinance, Off-Premises Signs in adjacent areas are regulated by the Highway Advertising Act of 1972, being Michigan Compiled Laws 252.301, et. seq. Whenever there is a conflict between the provisions of this ordinance and the Highway Advertising Act, the more restrictive regulations shall apply. 10. The maximum area for any one sign facing shall be 720 square feet inclusive of any border and trim, but excluding the base or apron, supports and other structural members. 11. No Off-Premises Sign may be established within 300 feet of any other Off-Premises Sign, measured on the same side of the same street. 12. All Off-Premises Signs shall be constructed in accordance with the City Building and Electrical Code. 20.408 (Rev. 03/93) �13. The above set forth spacing between sign structures does not apply to sign structures separated by buildings or other obstructions in , such manner that only one sign located within the above spacing distances is visible from the highway at any one time. 14. Official and on-Premise Signs, as well as any other sign which does not constitute an Off-Premises Sign as defined herein shall not be counted nor shall measurements be made from them for the purpose of determining compliance with these spacing requirements. 15. The minimum distance between sign structures shall be measured along the nearest edge of the pavement between points directly opposite the center of the signs along each side of the highway and shall apply only to sign structures located on the same side of the street or highway. 16. Signs may be illuminated subject to the following restrictions: a. Signs which contain, include, or are illuminated by any flashing, intermittent, or moving light or lights are prohibited except those giving public service information such as, but not limited to, time, date, temperature, weather or similar information. b. Signs which are not effectively shielded as to prevent beams or rays from being directed at any portion of the traveled ways and are of such intensity or brilliance to cause glare or impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle or which otherwise interfere with any driver's operation of a motor vehicle are prohibited. c. No sign shall be so illuminated that it interferes with the effectiveness or obscures an official traffic sign, device or signal. 17. No free-standing sign may exceed the building height limitation of the zone in which it is located unless a variance is secured from the . Zoning Board of Appeals. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.408 (Rev. 03/93) �20.409 Sec. 9. REGULATION OF SIZE, LIGHTING AND SPACING OF SIGNS IN ADJACENT AREAS. (ord. deleted eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.410 Sec. 10. PROHIBITED SIGNS. The following signs or devices are prohibited unless approved by the Zoning Board of Appeals as designated under the terms of the Gaylord Zoning Ordinance. 20.411 1. Signs not located on the business premises, except for Off-Premises Signs. 2. Signs which extend beyond the property line. 3. Signs constructed or erected after the date of this Ordinance or any amendment, which do not comply with the regulations as set forth for the District in which the sign is to be located. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) Sec. 11. EXEMPrIONS. The following signs are exempted from the provisions of this ordinance except for construction and safety requirements and those requirements contained below: 20.412 1. PUBLIC SIGNS. Signs of a noncommercial nature and in the public interest, erected by, or on the order of, a public officer in the performance of his public duty, such as safety signs, danger signs, trespassing signs, traffic signs, memorial plaques, signs of historical interest and the like. 2. INTEGRAL. Names of buildings, dates of erection, monumental citations, commemorative tablets and the like when carved in stone, concrete or similar material or made an integral part of the structure. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) Sec. 12. EXISTING SIGNS. 1. REMOVING OR RECONSTRUCTING SIGNS. No sign presently erected or hereafter approved and erected shall be substantially altered or moved, nor shall any sign or any substantial part thereof, which is blown down, removed or destroyed, be re-erected, reconstructed, rebuilt or relocated unless it is made to comply with all applicable requirements of this ordinance. 20.409 - 20.412 (Rev. 03/93) �20.413 20.414 2. REPAIR OF UNSAFE SIGNS. This section shall not be construed to prevent the maintenance, repair or restoration to a safe condition, as directed by the building official, of any part of an • existing sign when damaged by storm or other accidental emergency. 3. RELOCATING SIGNS. Any sign that is moved to another location either on the same or to other premises shall be considered a new sign and a permit shall be secured for any work perfol.'.1Iled in connection therewith when required by this ordinance. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) Sec. 13. SIGN PERMITS AND PERMIT FEES. 1. A person who desires to erect any sign regulated by this ordinance shall first apply for a sign permit on a form prescribed by the City Clerk. The permit shall be approved or denied in writing within ten (10) business days after proper receipt of the application. All signs, existing and proposed, must appear on the application and a blueprint or drawing of all signs showing size and verbiage must be submitted with the application. If the application is approved, the permit shall be issued upon payment by the applicant of a permit fee of $10.00. 2. Permit fees shall apply to all signs except those exempted under the provisions of this ordinance. 3. At the time any permit is issued it shall be assigned a number by the City Clerk. Such sign permit number shall be displayed, at all times, upon the facing of the sign for which such permit was issued. 4. After construction or erection of any sign or signs, the business shall contact the City. A member of the City Staff shall inspect the sign to verify size, location and number of signs as stated on the application. Any person found in violation of the terms of the application shall be subject to Section 14 (20.414), PENALTIES. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) Sec. 14. PENALTIES. Any persons violating the provisions of this ordinance shall upon conviction thereof be subject 20.413 - 20.414 (Rev. 03/93) �to a fine of not more than Five Hundred ($500.00) Dollars. Each day that a violation of this ordinance is continued or permitted to exist without compliance shall constitute a separate offense punishable upon conviction in the manner prescribed in this section. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.415 Sec. 15. APPEAL. Appeal of any section of this ordinance or of any decision of the Zoning Administrator may be brought to the Zoning Board of Appeals by the owner, renter, or les~ee in accordance with Section 16 of the City of Gaylord Zoning Ordinance. The Board of Appeals may grant a variance from the requirements and specifications of this ordinance or the decision of the Zoning Administrator only upon the Board's finding that there are practical difficulties or unnecessary hardships in applying the strict terms of this ordinance. Public notice shall be printed in the official newspaper of the City, not more than 15 or less than 8 days before the public hearing. The fee for the variance proceedings is to be paid for in advance by the person making the request. (ord. amend. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.416 Sec. 16. EFFECTIVE DATE. This ordinance shall be effective immediately on February 16, 1992 • (ord. eff. Feb. 16, 1992) 20.415 - 20.416 (Rev. 03/93) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Gaylord_Sign-Ordinance_1993 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-03-14 Title A name given to the resource Gaylord Sign Ordinance Description An account of the resource The Gaylord Sign Ordinance went into effect on February 16, 1992 and was amended effective March 14, 1993. Subject The topic of the resource Ordinances, municipal Gaylord (Mich.) Otsego County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d86b34c61309607627ed9fedef7a6f2e.pdf c079f507aab801e2e580d57a38f4cfb7 PDF Text Text Cut & Paste 8 p.m. 2121 ASH Cut & Paste 6 p.m. 2132 ASH Movie Night Open Door Discussion "I'm Just Anneke" 8 p.m. 2270 Kirkhof Gay and Greek 11:30 a.m. 2270 Kirkhof • Student Allies & Advocates 1 p.m. 2270 Kirkhof LG BTF acuity/Staff and Student Meet and Greet 12 p.m. 1161 Kirkhof Inside Out: Portraits of Transgender Children - Lavender Graduation 4 p.m. 2204 Kirkhof Day of Silence March noon Clocktower Study Hours 1 to 4 p.m. LGBT RC 1161 Kirkhof Pride Prom 9 p.m. 2204 Kirkhof ph Sarah Wong will travel from rd m to 111>8ak bout her -,rk .th gend r ...nt child n in Th Neth rland . 4 p.m. 2204 Kirkhof Pere Marquette LI s 1001 us 201 ...-. - Potluck 12 p.m. LGBT RC 1161 Kirkhof Co-sponsored by the LGBT Resource Center, Transpectrum , GVSU Art Galley, Out 'N ' About and the LGBT Faculty/Staff ftssociation . If you need special accommodations, please contact the LGBT Resource Center at (616) 331-2530. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2012_Gaypril-Calendar_Poster.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Title A name given to the resource Gaypril Description An account of the resource Poster of the month of April and the events. The times and locations are included. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a4cc833e085971ba143b6dd3d4c4f194.jpg cc07e7829a1ab71b74f63ec608f427e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GearhartEzra_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Gearhart, Ezra Description An account of the resource Ezra Gearhart, Director of the Office of International Studies, Dean of Community Research and Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dd7ac03fd4623cc9588f3bd8e0d52e35.jpg 02d24004789ed34bdba57bf52aa6f5c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GearhartEzra_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Gearhart, Ezra Description An account of the resource Ezra Gearhart, Director of the Office of International Studies Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f1d3ce9bfc031ac1aa9152636247a47c.jpg 64291ce1bc3b6da1b556d2d7f1112d69 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0edda2d136ede4198b532da9887a8235.jpg 43510406d4caa6aa498dd99541e765e0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0096 Title A name given to the resource Gedanken über grosse Kunst Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1940 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Gedanken über grosse Kunst, by Carl Gustav Carus, published by Insel-Verlag, 1940. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 96 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.96 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/eaac839ba7b42bae19e216b9513e263c.jpg fc9b6271d79c7fac29b17d4e8f5a9011 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5a3440ca6ce01368e56303c93a0256b9.jpg d79bc8b22ff1420e9582f573e82ea7b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0394a Title A name given to the resource Gedichte Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</A> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1957 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Gedichte, by Paul Verlaine, published by Insel-Verlag, 1957. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 394 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.394 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2d8c2ed4c74184a3084e1ba09a8eac04.jpg 9396d0490b3f0f6cb9a887fb86f8445d https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c03d59697a1c0e9d80e9d66fc5eb49c8.jpg f9b5d4e2d9a10cda6cb1d000ee0753ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0394b Title A name given to the resource Gedichte Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</A> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1927 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Gedichte, by Paul Verlaine, published by Insel-Verlag, 1927. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 394 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.394 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b96a92fb2d9eb20c6c97eef8f12b924c.jpg 7e712952caf37e6de8e7fd9a0aa22cba https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e75c1e5da1c1e261922ae8bb5edcd7a9.jpg 7d7cf8e06ff323fa7fad31a58750dd8f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0580 Title A name given to the resource Gedichte Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</A> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Gedichte, by Gertrud von Le Fort, published by Insel-Verlag, 1958. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 580 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.580 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bbbb84abc684abddadbf72fce2f0ac00.jpg 6512da5483c8615dd4147054695a7ec3 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7d2a631ff8225e1a73157d78f4ea2980.jpg a3c2b4b072b39570490bb5479d6e9ada Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0663 Title A name given to the resource Gedichte Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</A> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Gedichte, by William Blake, published by Insel-Verlag, 1958. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 663 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.663 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f9f16e95264e8026733916c35eafbe69.mp4 fb90344576bfa145516dfc81d32903c1 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2d362ecf70ccb90bd22cbc2db8b8a5f7.pdf 353406c342c85332078e8065fddab536 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Conflicts Served In: Afghanistan War Interviewee’s Name: John Gellert Length of Interview: 55:46 Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Sam Noonan Interviewer: “This interview is a co-production of WKTV Voices and the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project, today we’re talking to John Gellert of Grand Rapids, Michigan, and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay, so John begin with some background on yourself, and to start with where and when were you born?” So I was born in 1988, October 20th, in Wurzburg, Germany, coming from a military family — so got to travel around east coast, west coast, went to Hawaii, my father served thirty years, so yeah, just traveled around a lot, every two to three years it seemed like we were moving, moving schools and everything. Interviewer: “Okay, where did you finish high school?” I finished high school in Virginia, northern Virginia area. Interviewer: “Alright, and then what did you do — what year did you finish high school?” That was 2006 that I graduated high school. Interviewer: “Okay, now you would’ve been in school when 9/11 happened, and what — and were you in Virginia or somewhere else —” No, at that point I was in Washington, actually my father was stationed at Fort Lewis, Washington, so that would’ve been eighth grade for me. Yeah, so being on the west coast it was interesting, kinda got to school and people didn’t know what was going on, I want to say the first tower had been hit, the homeroom teacher had kind of like put it on, but we were just watching it thinking it was [an] accident or something, and then yeah, like watching it live and ‘Oh,’ the second tower gets hit, that’s not an accident. And then I can vividly remember — cause my father was Army, when the Pentagon got hit, even in eight grade I thought, ‘That’s not an accident, there’s an attack going on, something else is going on,’ and then.. yeah, so I vividly remember that, that day. That was, will always be remembered. (2:07) Interviewer: “Okay, now were you living off-base at that point?” So at that point we were living off base. But we were right next to Fort Lewis, Washington, my father was stationed there but I was going to school on an off-base school. �Interviewer: “Okay, alright, and now when that happened was your father on the base at that point and then stuck there, or what happens?” I don’t remember exactly how that went, I do remember that there was definitely that heightened, escalated security — I remember even from the civilian side even, people were afraid that Seattle was gonna get attacked, which in retrospect it’s like, ‘Oh, obviously [it] wasn’t going to,’ but at that time people really thought that everything was going to get attacked, so yeah I don’t remember the exact run-up of how, with the military side with my father, where he was and how that all happened, but yeah I remember, definitely put people on edge. Interviewer: “Okay, now you go forward a little bit from there, at what point did you decide you wanted to go into the service?” So I was a little bit later, I didn’t enlist until 2011 so I was already twenty-two years old, my father kind of had pushed in high school, ‘Maybe you should go the academies and be an officer,’ cause he was an officer, but it just wasn’t what I wanted at the time. So I went to school, I went to Michigan State for a semester, got a minimum wage job after that, went back to community college, got my associate’s degree, but then it was at that point where I kinda realized like, ‘I don’t know what I’m doing,’ I [didn’t] know where I was going with it. I wasn’t getting any younger so I decided that time I wanted a challenge, I needed something else — I didn’t want the stereotypical desk job maybe, I wanted to challenge myself. Also there was sort of that thing in the back of my mind, I thought, ‘I could do that,’ you know? But I had to prove it to myself, I couldn’t just say that anymore, I needed to try. Interviewer: “Now what was the Michigan connection, how did you end up at Michigan State?” So my parents are both from Michigan, they’re both raised on the east side, Detroit, that’s where they met in school so I have family here. I’ve always kind of thought I wanted to come back to Michigan, I never got to really live in Michigan ‘til the six months, one semester at Michigan State, and now coming to Grand Valley for the past three semesters, so finally can now say I’m a Michigander. But yeah, that’s the connection. Interviewer: “Alright, and then where did you go to community college?” So community college was actually on Hawaii, it kind of worked out — was working in Virginia where my parents, my dad was stationed at the Pentagon at the time and then they were getting ready to move to Hawaii, and so they offered to, ‘Hey, if you want to continue school you can move with us.’ ‘Okay! I’ll go back to Hawaii for the second time.’ So yeah, worked out. Interviewer: “Alright, was Hawaii your favorite place to stay while you were going around, or?” I think you know, short answer it has to be. Just because you know, everybody — when they hear that they think I’m so lucky, like anywhere you live there for five years total it’s just the norm, you see the normal city life things that aren’t paradise, but no it was — Hawaii definitely ruins you to beaches, you know, I’ve lived on the east coast, the west coast, and people in California always talk about how great their beaches are, no, no, no, you gotta get out to Hawaii and then you’ll see a real beach, yeah. (laughter) �Interviewer: “Alright, so we go back.. 2011 you kind of got.. when you enlist did you pick a specialization at that point?” (5:14) I did. So again, what was — for me, my father — he had served in the infantry for the first half of his career, and then he made a change into force management, more of the ‘How to run the Army,’ kind of stuff. So I looked at it, if I was going to join each branch, what would I want to do? Looking at you know, the Air Force, you want to work with planes, you want to go into the Navy, you want to be on a boat, if you’re going to join the Marines or the Army then you should be infantry or something in that ground-fighting force, so for me personally I wanted that challenge, to go, so I decided to go in the infantry, so going into it I went to the recruiters, did all the testing, and then they asked me you know, ‘What MOS, what job do you want?’ And so I picked infantry. So yup, I knew going in what I wanted. Interviewer: “How did they respond to your wanting infantry?” There were definitely some jokes if you will, because I scored very highly on my testing, and I had a wide variety of jobs. And they were asking me, do I want to go for like military intelligence and that sort of stuff and I was like, ‘No, nah, you know what, I want to start with infantry.’ That it was I viewed, for me, as the right choice to go into. Interviewer: “Okay, so where do you go for basic training?” So we were at Fort Benning, Georgia, that is where all infantry goes to, we do a one-station unit training there. So a lot of places, you break up your basic and your actual AIT which is your specialty, for us AIT is just another five more weeks of infantry stuff, more basic. So yeah, I was there for fourteen weeks, I do believe it was, in 2011. Interviewer: “Okay, now describe sort of the process of going through basic, what kind of reception do you get when you arrive?” So you know, going into it there’s a lot of things you hear about or you think are going to happen, I didn’t think it was that bad and in retrospect I looked at it like, ‘Oh, that was easy,’ because I think I went in with this idea of what the old Army was maybe, or what the movies said, but no, it was definitely a challenge — they expect a lot out of you, the drill sergeants are tough, I don’t think there was ever any level — you know, the extremes that we see on movies, you know, the early Armies and Full Metal Jacket or anything like that, it’s nothing like that. But they push you, they really do push you to a level to make sure that you know you can overcome, that every day’s a challenge and when you look back at it you go, ‘Why was it so tough on that first day, that was easy compared to what we’re doing now at the end of it,’ but no in retrospect it was not as bad as I thought it was going to be. But they, they definitely — it’s you know, running and rocking every day, and just out — I was there in the summertime in Georgia, so it was just hot and muggy and kind of sucked a little bit, you know, some of those days are just, ‘Why am I doing this,’ but no, it was very well worth it in the end. Interviewer: “Okay, were you in good physical shape when you went in?” Short answer is no. So I had to lose, oh god, like sixty pounds just to get in the Army, took me about a year, I kind of made the choice in 2009 and then it wasn’t until about 2010 that I had lost the weight and then had to wait some time to actually get in, then 2011 I went to basic, so no I �was definitely not in good shape going in, and then basic definitely helped me lose more weight, get into better shape. But I would even say it wasn’t even until after deployment, so we were looking at the… 2012, 2013 timeframe in my career, two, three years in, that’s where I hit my peak of where I was really in shape and actually at that standard that I wanted to be. So it took time to get there. (8:33) Interviewer: “Okay, now aside from just the physical part of getting you into shape, what else do they have you do in basic training these days?” So it’s always learning the tactics, our battle drills — we have, I think there’s eight of them now, but you’re supposed to get these memorized, they’re supposed to be a gut reaction, you don’t even have to think about it, if something happens you already know what you’re supposed to do, where your guys are gonna go, but yeah it’s just kinda instilling the basic standards and disciplines, it was very basic, there’s a lot of stuff you have to extrapolate on when you get to your unit, you’re supposed to get there with a basic knowledge though, that when a new private shows up everybody expects them to be at a certain level because they’ve been to basic like everybody else has. But you still have to build them up once you get to an actual line unit as we call it, and yeah, so I mean it was all the basic stuff. Interviewer: “Okay, how much of kind of just sort of the spit and polish stuff was there?” For me, luckily, not as much cause I went in at a time where we were with the tan boots, the ACUs, that kinda — what color was it, the grey, not even the old BDUs with the camis where you had to spit-shine the black boots, so I got very lucky in that regard. I did not have to spend time like that, my father definitely did, I’ve seen him do it, I wasn’t in the airborne units, those guys still do it with their jump boots and stuff, so I lucked out with that level, that I didn’t have to do that. Interviewer: “Alright, now how large a company or platoon were you training with?” In basic I want to say there was maybe fifty people, it wasn’t a full platoon cause I remember there [was] space cause this is 2011, the Army wasn’t at its peak if I remember right, we were kind of on a draw-down, like maybe not — I want to say Afghanistan and Iraq were still open at the time, cause actually, oh jeez, the first month that I was in basic is when Osama Bin Laden was killed, so that was that time frame. But yeah, so there were still open spaces in the bay that we slept in, so I think it was about fifty people I want to say, per platoon, then you have four platoons per company that we were in in basic. (10:37) Interviewer: “Alright, now did everybody in the platoon make it through?” No, short answer is no. There was a few drop-outs in the beginning, it got to a point I do remember the company commander, the captain, at one point said that they were not gonna accept any more drop-outs, cause people — again, it was 2011 and I think people, for whatever reason were going in — we’re the infantry, so you should expect to deploy and to be in combat, especially at that time there was still two wars going on, but there were definitely guys that still were joining just for the benefits, they wanted to go to college, and I think maybe the culture �shock got to them and they realized, ‘Maybe I don’t want to be in the infantry,’ so there was a few that dropped out, not everybody made it through. Interviewer: “Did some of them get hurt?” There was a few, but those guys, the one I know of, he actually went home for maybe thirty days, sixty days, and came back to finish. He got something, like a stress fracture in the leg or something like that, but he did finish so — and actually a guy I was stationed with then, later in my career, was actually stationed with him at their first duty station so I was able to know that he made it through and made it to a unit and was, you know, progressing his career, so yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Now were there women training on that base as well as men in other units, or?” So on the base there probably was, but at that time, 2011, there were no females in the infantry, so for us we were segregated, we weren’t intermixed with females, I don’t know what else — cause there [were] other jobs that do train at Fort Benning, Georgia, especially cause, oh, what else is there — the airborne stuff is there and females could do airborne, so there are females on base, but for me specifically at the four months that I was in training, really didn’t see many females. Interviewer: “Okay. Alright, now does the treatment of the recruits kind of change over the course of that time, I mean do they lighten up on you in some ways or give you a little more independence?” Sometimes. Again, for us because we’re one station unit training, you’re there with the same drill sergeants, it’s essentially fourteen weeks of basic training, yes — other jobs, when they move from basic and they go to their actual school for their job, it gets a lot more lenient usually. But no, you do still see, you know the beginning is called red phase, red phase you have no liberties, it is — you are strict there, on you for everything, and then you move to the next phase and by the end of it you get to your, oh, the last ones are gold and black and that’s like the last few weeks — they’re fairly lenient. Also again, I was very lucky, my drill sergeants were not the over-the-top sticklers, they were more laid-back, they were more realistic I like to think, they were actually telling us what the Army was like, it wasn’t just to yell at us, to yell at us it’s to make sure that we are learning from it and we’re becoming better soldiers. Interviewer: “Now were your instructors people who had been to Iraq or Afghanistan by then?” (13:31) Yes. I do believe all three, I had three drill sergeants, my senior drill sergeant was special forces, he had done a couple tours I know, then we had one that was actually infantry, was a mortarman, I know he was there for the actual initial invasion of Iraq to Baghdad, he did the whole push to Baghdad, and then we had another drill sergeant who, he was actually a 19 Delta, which is a [cavalry] scout. But I know he had done some deployments, I don’t know their exact numbers, but yes all three of them were combat deployed. Interviewer: “Okay. So when do you finish basic?” �So I finished, so we’re looking at end of July I think that was. Yeah, July 29th I feel like was when I graduated cause it was after July 4th, I do remember having July 4th liberties, but yeah so we did four months of training, you have a culminating event there, there’s this big multiple-mile ruck march where you’re having to do different activities throughout it, doing buddy carries, litter carries, ammo can carries, and it’s kind of through the night and at the end they go to this big pit-circle with like, they put the bonfire on and it’s kind of a big ceremony and they give you your… is it the crossed rifles at that point? I think it’s the crossed rifles we get at that point, but yeah so we have multiple different stages to kind of like earning, you’re in your blue cord for the infantry that goes on our dress uniform, you earn the crossed rifles, so different things that they give us throughout it. But yeah, it’s kind of a big culmination and then at the very end we have our actual graduation ceremony where the families get to come out and celebrate with us. Interviewer: “Alright, now once all that happens what happens to you next?” (15:00) Then I went right to Fort Lewis, Washington. So sometimes some people are able to get some actual leave time, so I think up to two weeks coming out of basic — our unit said, ‘Nope, you’re already getting close to Christmas so we’re going to help you by saving your leave days,’ which actually really did work out for me, because I deployed the next April and so I used my leave days then, leading up to – for Christmas leave, so I can go home then before deployment. But yeah, we went right to my unit and they were already in the field training, and so I showed up, got my equipment, a week later I was in the field with them already training. So yeah, it was real quick. Interviewer: “So what was that unit?” So Attack Company 2-1 Infantry out of Fort Lewis, Washington, so Legion. That was the unit that I went to originally and the unit that I ended up deploying with in 2012. Interviewer: “Alright. Now the — they’re already, they’re in the field, they’re gearing up for deployment, so what are you actually doing then when you joined them, what’s happening?” So that first initial training was out at Yakima, Washington which is the eastern side of Washington, that’s kind of our local place that we would go train for a month, but it’s just all the tactics at a company level normally. That time we weren’t doing the battalion level, that’s more company level so you’re starting with team lanes, where it’s four people, five people at a time, then you do squad lanes, you’re looking at up to eleven people, then you go to platoon lanes, and then you’re doing, that’s like your forty-man lane, then you go to company, 150 people at a time, doing different training events — and also with us I was a Stryker unit, which is our eightwheeled vehicle, so then you have to like integrate the vehicles into it, you’re learning how to use them, how to properly dismount and all of that. Then coming up that November we went down to Fort Irwin, California, which is where [the] national training center is for the Army, and that was our month-long training to kind of certify that yes, your unit is ready to deploy. So we did that, and that was a little more higher-level where we’re doing more of the battalion level, multiple companies at a time. You start small, still doing the platoon stuff there, but then you end up getting to brigade level sometimes where it’s multiple battalions at a time, pretty much everybody that’s deploying is out there in ‘the box,’ we call it, out in the sand, playing in the box and learning how to overcome the enemy out there. �Interviewer: “Okay, now describe the Stryker a little bit.” (17:14) So the Stryker is — it’s a eight-wheeled vehicle platform, it has — I think we’re up to ten variants now, they just introduced one actually after I got out, but I dealt with the infantry carrying vehicle, so you can fit eleven guys in it — that’s with the driver and the gunner, plus the… yeah it’s eleven. Yes, eleven guys. So with eight dismounts I believe it would be, nine dismounts then, two guys stay in the vehicle. Yup. You’ve got all the variants though, there’s a medical variant, there’s a tank variant, there’s 105mm cannon, there’s one with TOW missiles on it for anti-armor, there’s a command variant that has more radio stuff, there’s a nuclear-biological one that has all the kind of sensors in case there’s contamination, there’s an engineer one that has like a mine roller on the front and has systems that kind of help prevent IEDS, that sort of stuff. So yeah, I think they’re up to like ten variants now on the Stryker, but it allows us to have a lot of capabilities at a company level if you have all of them at once. Interviewer: “Okay, now and was it designed in part to be able to kind of deal with like the IED threat and that sort of thing?” At first it wasn’t, cause they came out early 2000s, right around — in fact, that’s why my dad was stationed at Fort Lewis, Washington, was that’s where the first Stryker brigade stood up, and I went then to Fort Lewis. So it was right around that time we were trying to get to like a new Army, I don’t know all the details, my father was dealing with all that stuff, but basically it was we were trying to get to a new style, faster, quicker Army, and that’s what it allowed us. The capabilities of the Stryker, it’s quick reaction, it’s very quiet compared to track, compared to a tank, light armor though — cause with the infantry we only had 50. Cal machine guns or the 40mm MK19 grenade launcher on top, so you don’t really have the fire capability, but speed and how quiet it is allows you to have some more capabilities. Interviewer: “Okay, and I guess my recollection was, it has a relatively narrow bottom and it gets wider as it goes up.” So that was one of the new variants, so when it first came out yeah, it had the flat bottom which obviously, when IEDS happened that was a big issue. Luckily around that 2008-2009 timeframe we did get the double v hull, when I deployed in 2012 we had those in Afghanistan, so yes. Those ones do have some blast capabilities and I don’t know if things have changed now, but back when we were in-country so 2012, no double v hull had been breached by an IED, other things happened that caused injuries just because it’s a blast, but the hull itself has never been breached that I know of — I don’t know if things have changed now, obviously the enemy adapts and makes bigger bombs, but… but yes, it does have some capabilities. We have learned and adapted throughout time, we’ve kept adding to it. Interviewer: “Alright, now would your entire company move around in the Strykers or?” (20:00) Yes. Yes, so especially on deployment we had all Strykers, we also had a couple of the MaxxPros and MATVS, some other vehicles that were kind of left there from the previous unit, so we got to use those. The MaxxPros we used as like the mine roller vehicles for in the lead, they just had ‘em on there already so it worked out. But no, as a Stryker unit everybody should be able to have a spot in the Stryker to go. �Interviewer: “Okay, alright. So basically you joined the unit, you prepare for x number of months, and then off you go.” Oh yes. Interviewer: “So how do they get you to Afghanistan?” So then a lot of flying. So the lead-up to it, it’s a couple months’ time because we had a few vehicles we shipped, we had all of our equipment we were shipping, we put ‘em on the boats, put ‘em on the containers, sent ‘em off to the Middle East, then for me I at least got lucky, I took the shorter route — cause from Washington we got to go through Alaska, over the ice caps into… where was that at, Manas Kurgistan. That’s where we landed first, so we go to Kurgistan, then from there we do some pre-deployment training still, get us some more equipment while we’re there, then we went to Kandahar airfield which is in regional command south of Afghanistan, that’s where we set up, we got all of our vehicles, maybe a week or so later we were driving out to our command outpost that we were going to be on. Interviewer: “Okay, what’s your first impression of Afghanistan when you get there?” I don’t know, you know. It was — I wanted to deploy, that was one of those things going in the Army, I looked at — I had a couple things I wanted to check off, and that was one of ‘em. I thought if I’m gonna do this I’m gonna deploy at some point. There’s two wars, I believe Iraq was closing while I was still in basic, we kind of like said we closed it, we were sending all of the equipment out, I think it was that time frame. But still Afghanistan was open, I got to my unit, there was two of the three brigades at Fort Lewis were already getting ready to deploy, the third brigade, which is fourth brigade, they deployed after we deployed. So everybody from Fort Lewis got to deploy right around that timeframe, so I knew I wanted to. I don’t know what my first impression was though, you know, it was kinda what I expected I guess. You know, you see it on TV. You have people, I had leadership that had deployed, they told us what to expect. You know, it’s your third-world country, it’s just, that’s what it is. Our area was — we were near Kandahar City, which is a little more modern. But we were out in the middle of the farmland you know, with the Arghandab river valley there, so there’s some desert, some mountains, some farmland, lot of… oh, pomegranates, so I don’t know, it wasn’t… it wasn’t too harsh I guess, I don’t know, it was what I expected honestly, it really was. (22:37) Interviewer: “Was it fairly open country as opposed to being really mountainous or?” Yes, so in RC south it was definitely more open, I think it’s more the north is where you get the mountains. But yeah, where we were — cause again, you had the river valley, so that was very flat, it had been irrigated so there was a lot of like crops and everything around that area, then when you spread out from the river it does get more open, more desert-type look to it, and there were some mountains north of us but we, me personally we didn’t interact with that area, that wasn’t our command. But no, it was nothing like the north where you know, climbing mountaintops to do your job no, it was more open. We could use our vehicles and drive most — most places we could drive. Interviewer: “Okay, and then what sort of base did you get to?” �So we were — first, we had two different ones, we moved areas on our deployment but the first one we were at was Terra Nova which was a … a command company level outpost. Well we actually replaced two companies that were living there at the time, and we replaced with just one company, and so that was interesting to take over such an area. But it worked out, it really did, we got very lucky I would say on deployment, the timeframe, we get there in April, go through the summer months, leave in January, we sort of managed to kind of miss the fighting season very luckily at least for me and my platoon especially. Some stuff did happen if we can get into.. on the other stuff, but no, for me personally and my platoon we got very lucky. So Terra Nova we start with, very small, I mean you — probably not even a mile, you know, around perimeter, you know, it’s [a] very small base, we were kind of north of a city, well, between two cities. Villages I guess we can call them, not really cities. Cause Kandahar City was big, we’re talking villages. Mud huts, little paths between ‘em that we’d patrol, and then halfway through deployment we ended up moving west to Zari, which is more close to where the Taliban started. And so when we got there again, it was fairly small, company outpost that my platoon was on, we were spread out, oh probably — maybe twelve kilometers it seemed like, as a company. I don’t know the exact details, but our little cop was on a hill, which was kind of nice, you could see everywhere around you, made you a target obviously, being in the middle of a village and up on the high ground, but things worked out I think fairly nicely on our deployment. Interviewer: “So gonna go back to the Terra Nova stage alright, what was your company’s purpose there?” So at the time we first got there we were starting that transition into partnering with the Afghan army, the police, we were still taking somewhat of the lead but especially by that summer things were transitioning where we were supposed to let them take the lead. Cause this is 2012 at the time, we’re starting to try to draw down Afghanistan. So we were trying to make them take the lead — at the beginning we got there we were kind of in charge of everything, we would just go do our patrols, we’re walking, talking to their — doing Shuras, talking to their leadership, talking to their religious leaders, trying to talk to their police, and their Army-type leadership and making sure that things are going right. But by that summer though we wanted them to take the lead, so there were times that.. if they couldn’t provide us with people to go on patrol with us, we just couldn’t patrol that day which was a very weird feeling, cause you’re there to do a job and then you’re told, ‘Well, you can’t even walk outside because you don’t have the partner,’ but obviously in the higher-up it makes sense cause we were trying to leave and we need them to take control of the situation, but yeah so every day, go on a patrol, whether it was driving somewhere or walking somewhere, yeah. Just trying to — presence patrol, make sure they knew we were there and we were attempting to help. (26:28) Interviewer: “Okay, and what kind of relationship did you have with the Afghans?” Overall I’d say it was good. Truly, for our area specifically — obviously different areas and different timeframes, different years you look at Afghanistan, things were worse in different areas. We got very lucky, I think the previous unit had it maybe a little worse than us, the next unit had [it] a little worse than us, and we got of got this nice middle-ground where for whatever reason things worked out. Truly I don’t think, especially at Terra Nova that first half, I don’t think there was a single IED that we found ourselves. It was usually a local would find it, call up the local police, they would call us, we would go out there, bring up the EOD, they would come out there and get rid of it. It wasn’t really until the second half of deployment to a new area where things got a little more.. kinetic if you will, and then we were having to find IEDS on our own, but �that first area, the people seemed to like us, seemed to respect us, there’s the stereotypes — kids might throw rocks at you or whatever, it happens, kids will be kids anywhere you go. But the people really wanted us to help out and I think it also showed we were building schools out there, we were helping some of the infrastructure, roads all the time were getting built around us, so… we were again — I think, I hope that in the end they knew we were there to help. Interviewer: “Right. Okay, and then you switched bases now, and so what’s changing then?” So we went more west. And as you get toward the west you get closer to where like the Taliban, Mullah Omar and all them kinda grew up, and so it’s a little more… I guess I’ll say militant, I didn’t see it personally — I got very, very lucky, I was actually the only person in my platoon that I know of who did not get my combat infantryman’s badge. I did not truly see combat, I got very lucky in this middle ground, when I’d go on patrol nothing happened. So I never had any true gunfire at me, I’ve had rounds go overhead but it was always — a wedding was going on or something, and they were celebrating, and then you realize, ‘Oh, okay, it’s not an enemy force,’ but yeah, just as you get out there it was a little more kinetic, the unit before us — I actually had a friend I went to basic with who was in the unit we replaced, he ended up getting shot through both calves actually, went to Germany for three weeks, got healed up, went back to Afghanistan. Got very lucky. Talking to him though, he was telling us what was going on and yeah, I expected it was gonna be worse. And it did, when we went over there as a company, we ended up having one guy, Tyler Jeffries, ended up stepping on an IED and losing both legs, and then … ended up stepping on one and got very lucky and only broke a bone in his heel if I remember right. So we had two guys [who] had to get medevaced, so again it got more kinetic. There was more, I don’t know if there was ever really a firefight, we didn’t really have that as a company, but there were some incidences, vehicles got shot at, some of the bases got shot at, so it was a little more kinetic out there when we got to Zari. (29:27) Interviewer: “And what impression did you have of the Afghan military or police forces?” So the first area it wasn’t as good. They… we were partnered with more of the police at that first place, and just who their leadership was, we didn’t have a great relationship with. You know, it was kind of that — these aren’t people who probably wanted to join, as a police force, they weren’t trained properly, they’re poor, they don’t have the… care probably, that they’re doing it. But when we went to Zari, actually to their credit their army that we partnered with were very good, their captain that we partnered with actually had been to university, during the initial invasion of Afghanistan he actually trained with the special forces, so he knew English, he spoke almost perfect English, he actually knew map-reading, he knew tactics, so when we got up there it was great, there was time that we could just point on the map and be like, ‘Hey, there’s apparently an IED out there,’ and he’d be like, ‘I got it,’ and him and his guys would go take care of it. That was very nice, that was a very good experience when we got to the second base. Interviewer: “Okay, now do you have a sense that he and his troops were from a different part of Afghanistan?” I don’t know, yeah, cause I know a lot of stuff obviously gets very tribal out there, I don’t know specifically where he was from. At that time, I want to say President Karzai was still in power, and yeah you’d hear all the time that Karzai was bad cause they were different tribes, he was in �the north by Kabul and down where we were in the south they didn’t necessarily care about what was going on in Kabul, cause it’s a tribal thing — they only care about their little section, their family. It’s not like [an] Afghanistan as a whole, it’s more of like ‘our people down here’ is what they cared about. Interviewer: “Okay, and I mean did you have a sense of how much of a Taliban presence there was in the area?” I — because again, I personally did not experience you know, true combat if you will, it didn’t manifest itself but it was always a threat. In our area we had like, Ranger battalion multiple times came in to go do a raid on a building and they would get some guy and take him to Kandahar, so there was always things going on, but very luckily, once in a while there’d be an IED go off, usually it was — it appeared to be trying to target to Afghan forces, it wasn’t usually at us. So sometimes that seemed more that it was more of a revenge thing, cause there was — we had stories of… one of the local leaders ended up going to a wedding and disrespected somebody and later that night they ambushed him, they came to our cop to get you know, medical, so it was things like that, it wasn’t usually focused at us. Yeah, things like that happened though. Interviewer: “Okay. Did you have a sense that there was kind of an ordinary daily life for the civilians, could they kind of go about their business?” (32:14) In our area yes, I really do. We’d go walk around and it was usually just farmers or they’d have their sheep — lot of sheep in our area, or even some type of like ox-type-cow-type thing. And we had camels in our area but no, the daily life didn’t seem to get interrupted cause we did our job and they would just… kind of line the streets sometimes, the kids loved us cause they knew they could get like pens or candy or something from us, so they’d come up to us, but the elders normally just kinda hung out and watched us go by, we’d been there for oh god, at that point we were looking at ten plus years and so they — they’re probably real used to us by then, yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Did you have any sense of how the larger mission was going, were we making progress toward creating a normal society in Afghanistan or was that just hard to tell?” It was hard to tell. Cause I truly, you know I was in a bubble, I was a private on deployment, I was a PFC only an E3, but I would say knowing — we actually went to the same exact area that my unit deployed in 2009-2010, my leadership — like my squad leader and my team leader, they had deployed then, and it was a much worse deployment coming from the kinetic side, more casualties, lot more fighting, so we got there — again, I went into this expecting that, cause we’re going to the same area that they had been two years prior, and then we get there and not much happened. And our leadership told us like, this is crazy, because apparently things are getting better, just… or things moved away from that area you know, so apparently things were getting better, and from what I saw yes, it was, you could see there wasn’t much going on in our area, sadly still on our deployment there were things around us, some big bases got attacked, there was a couple green on blue attacks where an Afghan force, army or police attacked us, so probably an insider threat type thing, that did happen around us and it caused us to obviously have to adjust our security at the time, but our area specifically truly seemed like things were getting better, so yeah. �Interviewer: “Alright, now how long was the total deployment?” So nine months. So we went April 2012 to January 2013. Interviewer: “Alright. And are there any other kind of — I guess a couple things, while you’re out there how much contact do you have with people back home?” We had actually a really good opportunity to, cause like the infrastructure’s already set up, we had computers, some internet, basic internet. So I would try to call, personally, every seven to ten days I would call home. And actually for the first two months of my deployment my father overlapped, he was in Kabul while I was deployed in RC south, he ended up coming out to see me [at] one point, that was real fun having the colonel show up with all his friends and caused the dog-and-pony show, the circus came to town. But it was cool you know, it was a photo op, you know, me and my dad on deployment together. But yeah no, we were definitely able to call home fairly regularly. Internet never seemed to go down so yeah, it was easy. (35:09) Interviewer: “Alright. Now aside from the visit from your father are there other particular things that happened in that deployment that kind of stand out in your memory?” No, really cause for me it was… every day was, you know they sometimes blur but it was — we were doing our job, it’s what we expected, what we trained to do. Every day we’d go on one, sometimes two patrols a day, go walk to [an] area, talk to somebody, walk back, come back, then there has to be a driving patrol and cause I was a driver on deployment also I’d have to get my vehicle and take somebody somewhere, yeah so it was just all kind of the same day, there was no weekends, we worked for that one month of leave that we got after deployment, that was our vacation, but we didn’t really get weekends and so… I don’t know, it wasn’t anything big you know, there’s plenty of stories. Just this past Christmas I went down to one of my friends’ wedding, friend I deployed with, and there was four of us that came, three of us that came to fort, and yeah the whole like four days we’re just talking and reminiscing and laughing and just… remembering the good old days. Interviewer: “Alright, so you get back then to the States, now will you stay — I guess do you get your month off at that point?” Not exactly. I wish, no, we still had to wait for all our equipment to get back and clean everything and make sure we’re accountable for everything, maybe two months after we got back we got I think it was three or four weeks off. And then I was able to go home, see family, so yeah that was a good time. Interviewer: “Okay, what happens next?” Then… well, cause then you’re kind of off the deployment cycle for a little bit cause especially at that time we were trying to go you know, back in the day there was the stereotype that you could come back from deployment, six months later, a year later you’re going back. Where when I was in we were trying to keep it at a… for every month you were deployed you were back for two months, so we were supposed to have like two years off roughly. So yeah, we were kind of on this down cycle, so we went back to training, I mean jeez, 2013, that summer we were in the field again training right away, yeah just kinda getting back into the swing. We had maybe two-three months off if you will where things were a little more laid-back, easier, just kind �of like getting back in the swing of things, and then you hit it hard again. Just go right back into training. Interviewer: “Okay. Now does personnel rotate through the unit?” Oh yes, yeah, and that’s — those first few months [are] kind of the big shift, a lot of guys were on orders to go to another base or they were getting out of the Army, and then people then have to come in, so we got a big influx of guys who had also just deployed — we had a couple guys come from Italy I know, they had just deployed and they all came to Fort Lewis. So yes, we do have that turnover that happens after a deployment fairly — within that first few months, it happened. Interviewer: “Alright. And then now do you stay with that unit and go with them on the next deployment or do you…” So for us, so for me personally, cause they weren’t — they have not deployed since, I — I knew that I wanted to probably move bases, so I ended up reenlisting to go to Germany which is where I spent — so I spent three years at Fort Lewis, three years in Germany. Which I left in 2014 to go to Germany, but in that year that it took me to get there, yeah I went to the national training center one more time down in California, and went to Yakima again — actually twice, two more times out to eastern Washington for a month at a time, so yeah even though I was on orders to go to Germany, if you’re going to the field to train you’re gonna go with ‘em cause you’re.. gotta do your job, gotta make sure everybody else is getting their job done. Interviewer: “And that’s still your unit, and that’s what your unit is doing?” Yes. Interviewer: “Okay. Now what rank were you at this point?” (38:35) So when I got back from deployment I was still a PFC, I picked up Specialist pretty quickly after that, and then by the time I went to Germany I had gone to the board and got promoted to sergeant, and so June 1st of 2014 was my day to rank for sergeant. Interviewer: “Okay, and now do they give you any particular preparation for going to Germany or do they just load you on a plane and send you?” A little bit of load you on a plane, I had friends that had been there, stationed in the unit, so you — there’s some prep work, you have to go get some tests done to make sure that you’re healthy enough to go overseas, but no [there’s] not really any cultural stuff, that’s — when you get to the unit there was a little bit of that, and they offered some language classes, luckily I had taken three years of German in high school, wasn’t fluent or anything but it helped when I got there to kinda go interact if I wanted to go off base. Order some food or something, kinda break the ice when you’re talking to a local. Interviewer: “Okay, alright. And so where do they send you and to what unit?” �So I went to Vilseck, Germany, which is right next to Grafenwoehr which is our, the bigger base that was next to us. But I went to Fox troop of 22 cavalry regiment, so yeah Vilseck, Germany, it’s a real small base out there, kind of a Bavaria, so that eastern, southeast Germany. Interviewer: “Okay, and what was going on there?” So at that time that unit had actually just got back from their deployment… I feel like it was April of 2014, and then I show up in October of 2014, so we went onto this cycle of NATO missions actually, so we were partnering a lot with other countries. There was the normal days, the stuff that we could do locally in Germany with us, we had our own kind of national training center out in Hohenfels, Germany, we’d go there for a month, we would kinda train at our Grafenwoehr, Vilseck training ground, but then we ended up going real quick in 2015 we were already on orders to go to Romania. We went there for three months, so went, trained with, partnered with the Romanian army, oh jeez the British came, I think Ukraine was there, so like a lot of nations will come to these types of NATO-partnered missions where you’d go train for multiple months at a time. Then 2016 I did Latvia and Finland, Finland and then Latvia. That year, so yeah every year we went somewhere and then as I was leaving my unit went to Poland for seven months actually, that was a long one that they went for. Interviewer: “Okay, now what impression do you have of the military forces of these different countries? I mean the Romanians versus the British or whatever.” Yeah. So partnering with like the Germans, the British, they’re kinda what you expect, they’re sort of our level if you will, they put some money into their military, a lot of times they are professional armies I’ll call it where like us, they enlist: that’s their life then. Some of these other countries though, a lot of the smaller ones, because they just don’t have the funds like a Romanian army, these guys will stay for twenty years but it’s so much smaller and they don’t even have a base, they just live on the economy and then they show up for training if they need to, it’s a much different — you know, almost a culture shock, you show up to these places and it’s — you see ‘em in uniform cause we’re training at the time, and you think they must be the same, and then you start talking to them cause you’re there for three months and you want to know and interact with them, and you realize, ‘Oh no, this is [a] completely different lifestyle,’ they don’t even get medical through the military, they just go through the civilian side, you know just very, very different. Finland was the one too, cause they actually do kind of a mandatory service, when you’re eighteen you’re supposed to — there’s multiple things you can do, but one of the common ones is military service for six months minimum, sometimes to a year depending on your job. And then you go into their reserves in case something comes up, so again very different culture of how their military is run. But it was always a great learning experience, and actually some of the best training I did in my military career I think, even — you know, you train for Afghanistan, that’s very one-focus, very centralized, when you start training with these other nations you get to see a lot of other things, it was very cool. (42:32) Interviewer: “And what did Romania look like to you, was it just out in the country someplace or?” So we started on the eastern side which is over toward the Black Sea if I remember right, that was more open, a little more dry, these kind of rolling plains… some, I don’t want to say rundown but some — they had cities maybe not like to our level, but then we went to the west, which is the Transylvanian Alps, and that was just beautiful. I loved… if we had down time we’d �go run or something and we were just running through these kind of picturesque green fields with the mountains to our side and stuff, so yeah no it was… it was much smaller obviously than the states, it’s very open I think. There are… you know, the stereotypes of the gypsies, I’ve seen some like gypsy towns, I happened to be on the trains with our vehicles to Romania, and so I got to kind of see the countryside, and yeah, you go through some of these towns where they’re more… you know, the windows are out or it looks like dirt floors but it would always make me laugh, like they still come out with their camera phones, take pictures of our train with all the vehicles so… it looks poor on the outside but maybe not. Interviewer: “Alright, and then what about Latvia?” Latvia was, that’s another one, I really liked that place. We were near Riga the capital, maybe an hour away, very green where we were, there was a river so very green, Riga’s just a big city like you think of in most European cities I think of, yeah it was just a normal cityscape. People own a business and stuff, doing their job, and then we’re training out in the fields, out in the training ground we were at, but we got some opportunities to get on some busses, we’d rent a bus, get the interpreters that were there with us to call up a company, they’d bring the busses in, we got to go to Riga a couple times so we could do some sightseeing. Cause obviously we’re gonna to these places for multiple months, we want to at least see the culture too, we don’t want to just go there and say we were on the base the whole time — want to be able to say we did something. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you’re in some of these places, maybe especially in Latvia when you’re on the frontier with Russia, and the Russians have — they’re starting to get kind of aggressive toward their neighbors by that time — was there some sense of urgency or threat out there or was it just a vacation?” No, there… it’s kind of both in a way I guess, cause at some point you know, for our level, you know the presidents are doing their thing, the big armies are saying their thing, we’re moving armies around, we’re moving people around, but for us we’re going and interacting with their army. We’re training, we’re partnering, we’re seeing their people, but especially I would say Romania was actually the big one — we were in Romania when, it was that time frame when the Crimean Peninsula was a big talking point, and that was — like, I think they said 200 miles from us. I mean really, 200 miles in a vehicle, you can make that in a day, so it was right there. And talking to the locals, because Romania had been part of the — part of Russia after World War II, they got very lucky in a sense, they weren’t as militant there, they weren’t as oppressed, but I think it was like in the sixties the military moved out, but they were still under Russian control so talking to some of their older type people, they loved us being there because they were really still looking at Russia as this threat. We might not think of it but no, their history shows for them, so they look at us as this force that’s there for good, we’re kind of deterring the Russian aggression if you will, but for us specifically for me, yeah we were there just to kinda partner with their army and interact and train and see what they’re doing, and they can see what we’re doing. Interviewer: “Okay, and I think you mentioned there are some Ukrainians there as well?” Yup. At that point, I think it was Ukraine because I know oh, we had everybody, there was Lithuanians, Estonians I’ve seen out in those countries, even the Canadians came out in Romania, they came out there. Yeah, so everybody comes out to play. (46:17) �Interviewer: “Yeah. But you might have Ukrainians there when you’re in Romania and the crisis is going on in Crimea, that’s Russia taking stuff from Ukraine, and did any of them kind of say anything about that, … contact with them?” No, I didn’t have much contact with them. I just remember their flag, I just remember the yellow and blue there, cause at the base we were at they had all the flags of everybody who was onbase, so yeah I saw all of the different flags and everything, but I never partnered directly with them. Really in Romania, I think like it was the British, the Canadian[s], and the Romanians are pretty much all that I partnered with myself. Interviewer: “Okay, and at this point what is your job description?” So at that point in Romania I was a team leader on the ground, so as a sergeant I was in charge of — well for me personally it was two guys, so I was a fireteam leader, so in a squad you have two teams, so a staff sergeant usually is in charge of two sergeants, we have our guys, and so our job is to dismount out of the vehicles and go take the fight to whatever we’re fighting. Interviewer: “Mhm. Alright, and then to think about that… so how much time did you spend in Germany as opposed to on these exercises?” More time in Germany, but yeah, it gets to a point you realize, ‘I didn’t get much time to travel,’ because we went to Romania for three months, we went to Hohenfels for a month, we were in our own training ground for multiple weeks at a time, went to — I went to Hohenfels three times I think in three years, so then went for three months split between Finland and Latvia, yeah just seemed like we were always getting ready to go somewhere. But yeah, I did get to travel. I can’t say I didn’t, I can look back with fond memories, I got to go down to Switzerland, I’ve been to Lithuania, where else did we go… Belgium, and to France, I did get to go to Normandy — that was one of the big ones that I wanted to get to cause I had friends that were stationed in Germany before that did not get over there and they kinda told me that that was a regret, so I knew one of the first big trips I took was to get over to like Paris and Normandy. Interviewer: “Right, okay. Now in Germany, how did the Germans themselves seem to treat the American soldiers?” Overall good. It was actually really interesting cause I was born there, it was my dad’s first duty station so I knew stories back then, and I visited when I was maybe seven — I don’t really remember it, but there was a stereotype still back then that they maybe didn’t like us, they were a little more abrasive. Our generation though, most of us speak English, it actually was weird, I wanted to learn the language and interact and try to go back and you’d go out to a restaurant and you’d start to speak in German and they’d realize right away you’re not from around here, and they’re like, ‘Do you want an English menu?’ It’s like ah, okay, I’ll take an English menu. So no, like English is really prominent, they — the one thing that kinda surprised a little bit, they actually know our politics more than I think some of us know our politics, cause you don’t really know until you go overseas that the world does look at us as this overseeing entity, so yeah cause that was the time, you know when President Trump was coming into power, doing his campaign, and you know the Germans sometimes would start asking us like, ‘Oh, what do you think of that?’ It’s like I have no opinion! I don’t wanna go into this, our politics are not for me to discuss while I’m a soldier. But yeah no, so they follow us, they track, they know what we’re doing, and they like to talk to us actually from what I saw. �Interviewer: “And they spoke better English than you spoke German so?” Oh yes, very. Very much so, they spoke — most of them, and it was funny, they always — cause I think they are sometimes perfectionists, they would say like, ‘Oh I don’t speak very good English,’ and then you start talking and you’re like, ‘You speak better English than I know Americans speak English,’ so yeah, they knew a lot of English. (49:44) Interviewer: “Okay, alright, now are there other things about that tour in Germany that kind of stand out for you that you haven’t brought into the story yet?” Oh, I mean… just getting to travel, I mean especially Normandy, that was the big one that really sticks out to me, but even when we went to do these training exercises — so I was at Fort Lewis for three years, never partnered with another country, we were training just for Afghanistan, again it was very pinpoint what our mission was going to be. When I got out there to Germany, when we were in Romania for that first time, we got to do some air assault missions with helicopters, I had never got to actually ride [in] a helicopter before that — while doing a mission, I’d been in a helicopter in Afghanistan but never to like actually do a raid if you will, or take, assault a village or whatever, so we were training that type of stuff, and that was fun. You know, taking video of the takeoff and everything, it was an experience. And just getting to like… you know, we drove I think it was like 800 kilometers across Romania to move to the west and that was just fun, you know, all the people got to see us. We made a couple stops along the way, and there was one point we stopped in a little town that had a school and all these kids are coming out to see our vehicles, and they’re playing on them and so it was just — I always enjoyed that, getting to interact with the locals… but yeah, I don’t know, nothing really stuck out. Interviewer: “Okay, but you’re with a cavalry unit, so what kind of vehicles did you have?” So once again I was Stryker, so I did my whole six years with the Stryker infantry vehicle. Yeah, so 22 CR historically was an armored cavalry regiment so they used to have the tanks and the Bradley fighting vehicles, but they also transitioned to having the Strykers, so I was Strykers once again. Interviewer: “So you’re basically mechanized infantry at that point?” Yes and no. It depends who you talk to I guess. Interviewer: “Yeah, I guess. But not with the heavy tracks and all that.” Yeah, so we kinda went away from being mechanized, we’re still infantry but we’re dismounting from a vehicle so we ride the vehicle to our — to the place, then we dismount, and then do our job, so depending on who you ask some people might say we’re mechanized, some people might say we’re still infantry, you know it depends on the mindset, how do you want to look at it. Interviewer: “Yeah, I guess when there were horses you … mounted infantry.” Oh yes, and that was, 22 historically was, had the horsebacks — I’ve seen plenty of pictures around the battalion and everything showing that off. �(52:04) Interviewer: “Okay, now when you come back from Germany, are you basically done with your enlistment at that point?” So yes, so I ended up getting out while in Germany, I did all my transition stuff there, and then in 2017 got on a plane, went to Baltimore, my parents picked me up there and went home and then yeah I was out. So it was a... Interviewer: “Alright. Did you give any thought to staying in longer than you did?” I did, especially like I did that first reenlistment for three years to get me to Germany, and I knew that I could stay long-term, my father did thirty years. I grew up with this, I didn’t really know anything other than the military, but I kinda looked at it that I wanted something else, I had done — to my own fault, I kinda got stagnant in my job, I wasn’t progressing and so I kinda saw the writing on the wall and it was like, ‘You know what? Lemme go do something else, let me see about school or a job somewhere else, and so I kinda made the decision that I think I’ll transition out. Yeah, so I decided to not reenlist then. Interviewer: “Okay, so what do you do once you get out?” So for a few months I did nothing, just cause I’d been in the Army for six years, was in Germany and wanted to get home and just relax a little bit, little bit! But then I started looking at schools, looking at jobs, realized that I sort of fell into what I’m doing now, which is I’m going to school for the nursing program here at Grand Valley State University, wasn’t my first choice, it wasn’t like I knew going out of the Army that’s what I wanted, but I started kind of doing some research, sort of realized I wanted a job that… or if I was gonna go to school, I wanted it to be for a profession, for a career that’s very pinpoint, I didn’t want to just come for a degree just for the sake of getting a degree, so I made that decision that summer of 2017 that I was going to go back to school. Applied and got accepted, and yeah I’ve been here since. Interviewer: “Alright, now had you been a good student in high school or?” High school, yes. Michigan State no, that’s why I did not stay there. And then community college I was, I got my associate’s degree so I was able to transfer those to get rid of you know, most of the gen ed stuff. But no, I was — it became a running joke while I was in the Army that I was one of the smart infantrymen, cause I — I wasn’t somebody who knew right away I’m gonna join so I don’t need to care about school or something, I… I took my studies seriously at the time, and I like to think that things have been going good. I’m still in it, I’m in the nursing program, I’m still going strong, so things so far are good. Interviewer: “Alright, now to look back on it then, how do you think your time in the service affected you?” So for me specifically I know definitely in the beginning I needed… I needed the challenge, I really did, to kind of help… I was sort of floating, if you will, in life. I didn’t have an idea of what I wanted to do, I was going to school just kind of for the sake of going to school, living at my parents’ place you know, and like ‘eh I guess I’ll do this.’ So it really did help me sort of get that work ethic if you will, I like to think I had it back then but there was stuff before the Army that I can look back and be like, ‘Yeah, never really completed everything,’ I kind of just started and never finished it. And so the Army was sort of that first big goal that I set for myself, and I was �able to complete it and so it definitely helps with the work ethic, and just life experience and the friendship, I mean that’s like the main thing that I miss from it, and I knew I would getting out, it’s that brotherhood, it’s the comradery, I mean again I got to go to my friend’s wedding and that was the best four days I had in a while, just cause seeing those guys again. And you know we text message and see each other on Facebook or whatever, but you get back together, get to have a beer and relax and interact, it’s just a good time. Interviewer: “Alright, well the whole thing makes for [a] pretty good story, so thank you for taking the time to share it today.” Yeah! Oh, thank you. Interviewer: “Alright, and that’ll do it for us.” [END] � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GellertJ2301V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gellert, John Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-04 Title A name given to the resource Gellert, John (Interview transcript and video), 2019 Description An account of the resource John Gellert was born on October 20, 1988, in Würzburg, Germany, into a military family which constantly moved around. Gellert graduated high school in Virginia in 2006 and attended some college before deciding he wanted a more challenging career. He enlisted into the Army in 2011 to be an infantryman. Gellert was then sent to Fort Benning, Georgia, for a collective fourteen weeks of basic and advanced basic training. After graduating basic training, he was immediately transferred to Fort Lewis, Washington, where he was assigned to a mechanized, light armored Striker Unit in Attack Company 21 Infantry Legion, which he later deployed to Afghanistan with in 2012. Stationed at Terranova Company Outpost near Kandahar City, his Company’s duties were to partner with the Afghani military and local police cells, guiding them to assume control of their local districts without American intervention. His Company was then stationed at Zari Company Outpost, nearer to the Taliban’s bases of operation, and his peers were more frequently shot at even though Gellert himself never experienced ground combat. This first deployment lasted nine months. For his second deployment in 2014, Gellert received promotion to Sergeant and spent the next three years in Germany with Fox Troop, 22 Cavalry Regiment, in Vilseck. His unit primarily participated in NATO and other international military training programs or maneuvers. While in Europe, Gellert did spend considerable time traveling the continent, conversing with local people, and observing historical sights, which he enjoyed greatly. By the time he returned from Germany, Gellert’s deployment had ended, and he left the service in 2017, despite giving some thought towards staying in the Army longer. Instead, he wanted to complete his college education and was soon admitted to Grand Valley State University for a degree in nursing. Reflecting upon his service, Gellert believed the Army instilled in him a persistent work ethic, coupled with a newfound inner drive. He was also fond of the supportive, brotherly relationships he built with the other soldiers of his former units, bonds which he still maintains and cherishes as a positive outcome of his service. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings Iraq War, 2003-2011—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/77ee22502f229aa39445741c3862fd62.pdf 25c0e35a7c0812b2080d4f3153161468 PDF Text Text The Grand Valley State University Women and Gender Studies Program presents ,,bd6t & -~····-~ Festival 2002 Call for Proposals for Panel Sessions and Paper Presentations For the Annua l Women's Festival, Allendale Campus, March 18th -19th This broad theme could include interactive panels about theories of activism, definitions and/or history of activism, the political economy of Gender, Title IX, affirmative action, media and activism, activism and the Great Lakes, activism in literature, environmental issues and activism, local issues, children and activism, students and activism, Islam and activism to name a few. The committee invites a variety of formats for presentations and panels. PROPOSAL DEADLINE: SEND SU MISSIONS TO: November 19, 2001 Millie Jackson, Associate Librarian 404 Library, GVSU Allenda le, MI 49401 Phone : 616.895.2901 Fax: 616 .895.2895 Email: jacksomi@gvsu.edu � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_2002_Gender_ActivismFestival_AdvertisementForPanelsPapers.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women & Gender Studies Program Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Title A name given to the resource Gender & Activism Call for Proposals for Panel Sessions and Paper Presentations Description An account of the resource Information on what panels or presentations can be proposed for the 2002 festival. Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Festivals Political activists Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/da51a1c1a5abd07997f9371370729714.pdf 82e0f7a28f3c7139be85d86361db50be PDF Text Text �Annual Film Festival Saturday, March 16 Loosemore AuditOfium • De Vos. Center• GVSU Pew Grand Rapids Campus Admission and refreshments are free l.i!Noon S.lt of tha E• rth (USA, 1954, 94 min., Herbert J. Bibe,man) Based on an actual strike in the early 1950s, the film depicts Hispanic zinc miner families in New Mexico fighting for economic and social equality. Meanwhile, the women also fight for gender equality. Zp.m. The Nasty Girl (Germany. 1990, 94 min .. Michael Verhoeven) The story begins as Sonja writes an essay on the topic "My Hometown in the Third Reich: The project proves unpopular with her neighbors, because some of them were in fact Nazis but have successfully hidden the fact throughout the decades. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film. 4p.m. Still Revolutionaries (USA, 1998, 16 min., Sienna Mclean} This student documentary, which premiered at the 1998 Sundance Film Festi..,.al, features two women as they reflect on their days as members of the Black Panther Party. Though welcomed into the party, they found that their prescribed roles consisted mainly of stereotypical "female" duties such as domestic responsibilities and being available to male members of the party. 4 :ZOp.m. Silkwood (USA, 1983, 131 min., Mike Nichols) Like most people in her Oklahoma home town, Karen Silkwood worked in a facility that produced highly radioactive plutonium. Exposed to a lethal dose of plutonium poisoning, Karen faced the indifference and denial of her company. Too spirited to be silenced, she voiced her protests and became a threat to an entire industry and the government agencies that monitOfed it. Based on real events, Silkwood was nominated for fi"e Academy Awards including Best Director, Actress (Meryl St reep} and Supporting Actress (Cher). 7p.m. Th• TeN"orlat: (India, 2000, 95 min., Santosh Sivan) This powerful, moving drama contrasts imag~ of astonishing beauty with moments of coarse brutality to discover the personal in the global and the human in the assassin. Inspired by the events surrounding the 1991 a<;sassination of Indian Prime Minist er Rajiv Ghandi, son of Indira Gandhi. Santosh Sivan directed, photographed, and conceived the stOfy of Malli. a hardened killer who has spent most of her nineteen years in revolutionary training. The TerrOfis t is an intimate diary of the genesis and cultivation of a suicide bomber, one who must confront personal responsibil ity and maternal instincts in the face o f duty 8:30p.m. Audience/Panel Discuulon 0 The Role of Film in Activism· led by GVSU fi lm professors Barbara Roos and Pete Porte,. �Women and Gender Studies Festival Monday, March 18 Grand River Room • Kirkhof Center • GVSU Allendale Campus 8 :45a.m. l·l:S0p.m. Welcome Dr. Patricia Oldt, Vice President for Planning and Equity Cindy Hull, Anthropology 9 -9 :S0a.m. " Women and an Activist Aesthetic"' Kim Theriault, Art and Design .. Speaking Out: An Activist Voice"' Diane Baum, Communications ""Bucking the Patriarchy: 21st Century Women in Rural Yucatan" '"The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo: Women and Activism in Conte mporary Argentina" Khedija Gadhoum, Romance Languages i!•i!:S0p.m . 0 Women and the Labor Movement" FORGE panel 10·10:50 a.m . "Activis m Revisited" 3·3:S0p.m. "'.Addn!ssing the Needs of Today's Adult Returning Female Students'' Denise Stephenson, Director of the Writing Center and Meghan Burke, student Women's Center Panel 11· 11:50 a .m . "Native American Education with Culture: How and Why?" Debra Muller, Native American Community Advocate; June Fletcher, Educational Connections; and Betty Davis, Grand Rapids Public Schools li!·li!:50 p.m. "Alcohol Abuse Prevention"' Erin Knapp, student .. Nature and Chains" Laura Houser, student 11 Gender and Money: An Activist Approach" Brenda Kading-Payne, Edward Jones Investments 4-4:S0p.m. .. Fost erparenting Refugee Children as Activism" Catherine Frerichs, Director, Pew Faculty Teaching and Learning Center �Women and Gender Studies Festival Tuesday, March 19 B:15a.m. Welcome l·c!:l5p.m. "Title IX" Dr. Patricia Oldt, Vic:e President for Planning and Equity "The Evolution of Title IX-Gender Equity in Math and Science, Teaching Barbie to Like Math" Sherie Williams, Education 8 :30-9 :45 a.m. Pro Choice Activism FORGE panel 10-11:15 a.m. "Feminist Philosophy and Community Engagement"' Judy Whipps, Philosophy and liberal Studies, Moderator Kate Williamoson, YWCA Rape Crisis Center Jennifer LeValley, YWCA Girl's Space Program Adrienne Trier, Community Working Classics and Project Rehab ll:30·12:45 p.m. Literary Sketches IV Linda Chown, English, Chair "Domitila Barrios de Chungara" - Khedija Gadhoum, Romance Languages "Annie Besant" - Kurt Bullock, Writing "Oaribel Alegria" - David Alvarez, English "Rosemary Radford Ruether" - Christine Drewel, Philosophy "Jane Barker" - Leigh Eicke, English "Sextus Propertius" - Barbara Flaschenriem, Classics "Erinna" - Diane Royor; Classics "Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Athletics" Tim Selgo, Athletics, and Lisa Sweany, Athletics 2:30-3:45 p.m. Scenes from ..The Vagina Monologues," followed with a discussion by Karen Libman, Theatre 4p.m, Keynote Address Cook-DeWitt Auditorium "Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism and the Future" Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards 5p.m. Award Ceremony and Reception Cook-DeWitt Auditorium Maxine Swanson and Barbara Jordan Awards �Special Thanks The Festival Planning Committee Linda Chowf1. COOldinator of Women and Gender Studies LalKaGregg Millie J.Kkson Carol Kountz Karen Libman John Philbin Peter Porter Kate Remlinger Kim Roberts Barbara Roos Linda Rynbrandt DeniSE" Stephenson Maureen Wolverton Cindy Zehn.r Thanks to: Kathleen Adams Engrave and Graphi .s Marlene Kowalsk1·8'aun PhilipM,tn President Mark Murray PatriciaOldt Nancy Willey The Women's ComfflJSSJOn �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_2002_Gender_ActivismFestival.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women & Gender Studies Program Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-03-16/2002-03-19 Title A name given to the resource Gender & Activism Festival 2002 Description An account of the resource Pamphlet for the three day festival. Details the events for each day, including dates, times and locations of discussions and speakers. Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Festivals Political activists Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/503cd3b712c6980dab9f9380755923ea.pdf 69c52a5942db71faf818361779433991 PDF Text Text The Women & Gender Stud ies Program Presents • 10ft F e sti.1Ja.L Pane l D is cussions March 22 Monday and Tuesdoy, - 23, 9:00 - 5:30, Grand River Keynote Speaker Room Kirkhof Sr. Linda - Susan Beard "Still 'Dangerous Educo tian and by the Degrees'2 future of Women 's the past" March 22, l :00 p.m., Grand River Room Kirkhaf Festival Fi Im Twelve Films by and about Women Saturday, March 20, 1999, 12:00 - 9:00, Eberhard Ce nter 1 999 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_1999_Gender_Education_Poster.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women & Gender Studies Program Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999-03 Title A name given to the resource Gender & Education Festival 1999 Description An account of the resource Poster for the festival. Includes dates, times and locations of discussions and speakers. Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Festivals Sex differences in education Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/162fad255ec07bca37181ceeec685ec6.pdf 5f05f7145d83ad3087520a5d99d4036b PDF Text Text The G ra nd Va ll ey State Un ive rsit y Wo me n a nd Ge nd e r Studies Pro(!ra m prese nt s Gender Nature Panel Discussions Monday. March 19, 9:30 a.m .-4 p.m. Tuesday, March 20, 9:30 a.m.-6 p.m. Grand River Room. Kirkhof Center I '• I I \ '1 1 I Keynote Speaker Sandra Stein~raber March 20, 2:30 p.m. Cook-DeWitt Auditorium ·• ., Co-sponsored by Liberal Studies Followed by Women's Commission Presentation (4 p.m.) and Awards Ceremony (5 p.m.) Film Festival Saturday, March 17, 12 noon-9 p.m. Loosemore Auditorium . DeYos Center, Grand Rapids 1 .l ;a '•"' ~ ,'' :1 1 A G RANDVALLEY W STATEUNIVERSITY I Free admission and refreshments. J 1 I. ~ t~ ~j -& t I l I,. ;1 '• 1 ~-i ·•' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_2001_Gender_NatureFestival_Poster.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women & Gender Studies Program Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001-03-19/2001-03-20 Title A name given to the resource Gender & Nature Festival 2001 Description An account of the resource Poster for the festival. Includes dates, times and locations of discussions and speakers. Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Festivals Nature Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/237f3a9eb435dc34c23732a3dd8397d8.pdf 7235f31664dbd2225335776bb1b5e776 PDF Text Text Sature te �NON PROFIT ORG US POSTAGE Dr. Sandr:t Steingrnber, ,rntbor of Lil'/11µ, /)011·11s/rem11: Al/ f:'cu!r,p,isl /.ook.~ al Cancer and !he f:"iwirrmmenl. \\'ill Ix· the keynote speaker tiir the \\-GS Ft',.;ti\·al 20lJ!. '\;aml·d one of .\Is Jlt1f!.t1::i11e:~ Womt'n nf the Year in 1997. Steingr.:-1her \\·a.s; ht.>ralded ;1.~ ~the new R.1d1cl Ctrson· by the Sierra Cluh in 1999. Other Ft.>-.tival highlights indude • ~1usic hy Barbara Jor<bn • Snident and faculty pand:,, on ecofeminism: gentler. n;mire, and litemn.m~: gender and ,igricultun:; gender am.I pn:.,k•,,.;ionali:.m; symlxJlic mythology; literary sk121ches: and nanire \Vriting • Film festival exploring the myriad fa<TL-. of the rl'l;uionship of women and natUfL' PAID GRAND VALLEY STA1EUNl\lERSl1Y � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_2001_Gender_NatureFestival.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women & Gender Studies Program Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001-03-19/2001-03-20 Title A name given to the resource Gender & Nature Festival 2001 Postcard Description An account of the resource Postcard sent to people with information on the festival, including the dates, times and locations of discussions and speakers. Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Festivals Nature Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives